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24263 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogo%20Jota | Diogo Jota | Diogo José Teixeira da Silva (an haife Shi a ranar 4 ga watan Disamban shekara ta alif 1996), da aka sani da Jota, ne a Portuguese sana'a kwallon da suka taka a matsayin gaba na Premier League kulob din Liverpool da kuma Portuguese tawagar kasar.
Jota ya fara aikinsa tare da Paços de Ferreira, kafin ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Atlético Madrid na La Liga a shekarar 2016. Bayan yanayi biyu a Primeira Liga, an ba shi aro a jere zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga FC Porto a shekara ta 2016, da kulob din Wolverhampton Wanderers na Ingila EFL Championship a shekarar 2017. Jota ya taimaka wa Wolves samun ci gaba zuwa Premier League a karon farko tun shekarar 2012. Daga baya ya koma kulob din a watan Yulin shekara ta 2018 kan yarjejeniya ta dindindin don rahoton 14 miliyan kuma ya ci gaba da buga musu wasanni sama da 100. A watan Satumbar a shekarar 2020, Jota ya rattaba hannu kan Liverpool don kudin da aka ruwaito be 50 miliyan 41 miliyan). Jota tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal, mai wakiltar ƙasarsa a matakin ƙasa da 19, ƙasa da 21 da 23. An saka shi cikin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Nahiyar Turai na shekarar 2019, wanda Portugal ta ci nasara a cikin gida, kuma ya yi babban wasansa na kasa da kasa a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2019, yana wasa a UEFA Euro na shekarar 2020 Aikin kulob
Paços de Ferreira An haife shi a Massarelos, Porto, Jota ya shiga saitin matasa na FC Paços de Ferreira a shekarar 2013, daga Gondomar SC. An haɓaka shi zuwa babban ƙungiyar a farkon kakar shekarar 2014 da shekara ta 2015, kuma ya fara babban wasansa na farko a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2014 ta hanyar farawa a nasarar gida 4-0 da Atlético SC don Taça de Portugal. Jota ya fara fitowa a cikin Primeira Liga a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2015, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Diogo Rosado a wasan da aka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasarar gida 3-2 akan Académica de Coimbra kuma ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya ci ƙwallo a kulob ɗin a matakin farko. A ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015, Jota ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar tare da Paços, inda aka daure shi har zuwa shekara ta 2020. A wasan farko na kamfen, nasarar 1-0 a kan Académica a Estádio da Mata Real a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, an kore shi a karshen saboda tura Hugo Seco Hakanan an kori Ricardo Nascimento saboda ramuwar gayya a madadin abokin wasan sa.
Atletico Madrid A ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekarar 2016, Jota ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru biyar tare da Atlético Madrid daga ranar 1 ga watan Yuli. A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, ya koma kasarsa ya koma FC Porto a matsayin aro na shekara daya. A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba ya zira kwallaye uku a raga a wasan da suka tashi 4-0 da CD Nacional Wolverhampton Wanderers A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2017, Jota koma English Championship kulob din kungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers a kan wani kakar -long aro. Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka doke Hull City da ci 3-2. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2018, an ba da sanarwar cewa an amince da yarjejeniyar dindindin tare da Jota don rahoton 14 miliyan, wanda aka fara aiki a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli. Ya zira kwallaye mafi kyau a raga a gasar 17 a cikin shekarar sa ta farko, yana matsayi na biyar a jadawalin da ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a gasar, yayin da Wolves ta samu ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier a matsayin zakara; saboda English Football League dokoki, ya sa ya doka surname a kan mai zane a gasar Championship amma ya iya canza shi zuwa "Diogo J" bayan da feat. Jota ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar firimiya ta Ingila a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2018, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Everton Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko a gasar a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, inda ya taimakawa masu masaukin baki daga baya don doke Chelsea da ci 2-1. Na biyu ya zo bayan kwana huɗu, a cikin nasara a Newcastle United da maki ɗaya. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2019, Jota ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan da gida 4-3 ya ci Leicester City -kwallaye na biyu na aikin sa. Ana cikin haka, ya zama dan wasa na biyu na Fotigal wanda ya kai ga gaci a gasar Premier bayan Cristiano Ronaldo shekaru 11 da suka gabata. Wannan shi ne na farko ga kulob din a gasar kuma na farko ga kulob din a matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila tun lokacin da John Richards, ya yi adawa da wannan, a rukunin farko na League League a watan Oktoba 1977 A ranar 16 ga watan Maris shekarar 2019, Jota ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Manchester United da ci 2-1 a gasar cin kofin FA na shekarun 2018-19, don taimakawa Wolves ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar tun shekarun 1997-98. A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2019, Jota ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Crusaders na Arewacin Irish a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai, Wolves ta farko a Turai tun a watan Oktoba shekarar 1980, kuma a zagaye na gaba a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye. sama da sama don kammala nasarar 4-0 (8-0 jimlar) nasara akan Pyunik A wasan karshe na rukuni-rukuni na gasar Europa League a gida da Beşiktaş a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2019, Jota ya maye gurbin dan uwan Rúben Neves a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin minti na 56 tare da wasan babu ci, ya zira kwallaye bayan dakika 72 kuma ya kammala kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna goma sha biyu yayin da Wolves ta kare. 4-0 masu nasara. A ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu mai zuwa, ya sake zura kwallaye uku a wasan da suka ci Espanyol a wasan farko na 32 na gasar. Wasansa na 131 na karshe kuma na karshe ga Wolves ya kasance a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin rabi na biyu a wasan kusa da na karshe na cin Kofin Zakarun Turai da Sevilla ranar 11 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2020.
Liverpool A ranar 19 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Jota ya koma Liverpool kan yarjejeniya ta dogon lokaci, an bayar da rahoton 41 kudin canja wurin miliyan, yana tashi zuwa 45 miliyan tare da yuwuwar ƙari. Ya fara halarta na farko a gasar cin kofin EFL bayan kwanaki biyar, ya zo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa da Lincoln City a nasarar 7-2. A ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko na Premier a kulob din, tare da na uku a wasan da suka ci Arsenal 3-1 a Anfield A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, Jota ya ci kwallon da ta ci nasara a wasan da suka ci Sheffield United 2-1 a Anfield. Kwana uku bayan haka, Jota ya zira kwallaye na 10,000 na kulob a tarihin su lokacin da ya ci kwallon farko a ragar FC Midtjylland a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA A ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba, ya ci kwallaye uku a wasan da suka ci Atalanta 5-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A yin haka, Jota ya zama dan wasa na farko tun Robbie Fowler a shekarar 1993 da ya ci kwallaye 7 a wasanni 10 na farko na Liverpool. A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, Jota ya ci kwallo ta biyu a wasan da suka ci Leicester City 3-0, inda ya zama dan wasan Liverpool na farko da ya ci kwallo a kowanne daga cikin wasanni hudun farko na gida a gasar Premier. Saboda wasannin da ya yi a watan Oktoba, magoya bayan kulob din sun ba Jota kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Liverpool. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, Jota ya ji rauni a kafarsa yayin wasan cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na UEFA da Midtjylland, inda ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni uku. A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021 Jota ya ci kwallon farko ta Liverpool a kakar Firimiya ta shekarar 2021 zuwa shekara ta 2022 a kan sabon Norwich Aikin duniya Jota ya fara buga wa Portugal wasa a matakin ƙasa da 19, zira ƙwallon sa na farko a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015 a cikin gida 6-1 na Turkiyya don matakin cancantar Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA Ya lashe farko hula for a karkashin-21 tawagar a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara a ba tukuna 19, wasa 15 da minti a cikin 3-0 tafi shan kashi na Isra'ila a wani share fage na gasar A ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2018, ya zira kwallaye biyu ga 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21 a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Italiya da ci 3-2 wanda aka gudanar a Estoril A watan Maris na shekarar 2019, an kira Jota zuwa babbar kungiyar a karon farko, gabanin bude wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta Euro 2020 da Ukraine da Serbia Har yanzu ba a rufe shi ba, yana cikin tawagar da ta lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta UEFA ta 2019 a cikin gida a watan Yuni amma bai fito ba. A ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba na waccan shekarar ya fara buga wasa ta farko a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Cristiano Ronaldo na minti 84 a wasan da suka ci Lithuania 6-0 a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro na shekarar 2020. Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko ta duniya a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020 a wasan da gida 4-1 ta doke Croatia a gasar UEFA Nations League Ƙididdigar sana'a
Kulob
Kasashen duniya
Daraja Wolverhampton Wanderers
Gasar EFL 2017–18 Portugal
UEFA Nations League 2018–19 Na ɗaya
Dan wasan Liverpool na watan FC: Oktoba 2020, Nuwamba 2020
Gwarzon Dan Wasan PFA na Watan: Nuwamba 2020 Gasar UEFA Champions League XI: 2020
Bayanan kula
Manazarta Fitowar kasa da kasa
Janar
Hanyoyin waje Diogo Jota Bayanin Fotigal League Diogo Jota Pages with unreviewed |
51375 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah%20Arendt | Hannah Arendt | Hannah Arendt, an haifi Johanna Arendt a cikin sha huɗu ga Oktoba shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da shida, a Hanover kuma ta mutuError on the Upper West Side New York yar asalin Jamus ce, masaniyarkimiyyar siyasa, falsafa, kuma 'yar jarida, wanda aka sani da aikinta akan harkokin siyasa, kama-karya, zamani, da falsafar tarihi Ta jaddada, duk da haka, cewa aikinta ba falsafa ba ne amma ka'idar siyasa Mein Beruf shine Theorie na siyasa Shiyasa tace a masanin kimiyyar siyasa ««masanin kimiyyar siyasa maimakon masanin falsafa An ambaci kin amincewarta na falsafa a cikin Condition de l'homme moderne inda ta yi la'akari da cewa Yawancin falsafar siyasa tun lokacin da Plato za a iya fassara shi cikin sauƙi a matsayin jerin yunƙurin gano tushe na ka'idar da kuma hanyoyin da ta dace ta kuɓuta daga siyasa. [4] Ana nazarin ayyukansa a kan al'amarin kama-karya a duk duniya kuma tunaninsa na siyasa da falsafa ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a cikin tunani na zamani. Shahararrun litattafansa su ne The Origins of Totalitarianism (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da daya asali take Asalin Ƙarfin Ƙarya Halin Mutum na Zamani (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da takwas) da Rikicin Al'adu (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da ɗaya). Kalmar kama-karya ta bayyana ra'ayin cewa mulkin kama-karya ba wai kawai ana aiwatar da shi ne a fagen siyasa ba, amma a cikin duka, ciki har da na sirri da na sirri, da ke rikitar da dukkanin al'umma da kuma fadin kasa baki daya. Littafinta Eichmann a Urushalima, wanda aka buga a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da uku bayan gwajin Adolf Eichmann a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da ɗaya, inda ta haɓaka ra'ayi na banality na mugunta, shine batun rikice-rikice na duniya.
Tarihin Rayuwar ta
Rayuwa dta a karatu nata Jamus An haifi Hannah Arendt a Hanover a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da shida. Mahaifinta injiniya ne ta horarwa kuma mahaifiyarta tana jin Faransanci da kiɗa. A ɓangarorin biyu, kakanni Yahudawa ne masu zaman kansu Mahaifin ta ya rasu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha uku daga ciwon syphilis A goma sha biyar, a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da daya, Arendt ya karanta Psychology of Worldviews ta Karl Jaspers, darektan rubutun ta na gaba, kuma nan da nan ya zama mai sha'awar Søren Kierkegaard, marubucin mahimmanci ga falsafar Jaspers A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da hudu, bayan wucewa Jamusanci daidai da ko a matsayin dan takara na kyauta tare da shekara guda a gaba, ta yi karatun falsafar, tiyoloji da ilimin falsafa a jami'o'in Marburg, Freiburg-en-Brisgau da Heidelberg inda ta bi kwasa-kwasan Heidegger, Husserl sannan Jaspers. Ta bayyana kanta tana da hazaka mai hazaka da rashin daidaituwa har yanzu ba a saba gani ba Haɗuwa da Martin Heidegger a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar wani babban al'amari ne a rayuwarsa, duka a hankali da tunani. Duk da haka, wannan taron ya sha mamaye ainihin gudunmawar Arendt kuma ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a fahimtar yanayin tunaninta. A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar, Arendt ta kasance matashi sosai kuma tana da sha'awar Heidegger, tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai. Mafarin dangantaka ce ta sirri (Heidegger tana da aure kuma mahaifin yara biyu), mai sha'awa da rashin tunani, wanda ya bar mata burbushi a tsawon rayuwarta, kodayake Karl Jaspers shine ainihin siffarta na tasirin tunani. Bayan da suka rabu, Arendt ta ci gaba da karatunta a Freiburg im Breisgau don zama almajiri na Husserl, sannan, bisa shawarar Heidegger, a Heidelberg don bin koyarwar Karl Jaspers, wanda ta rubuta karatun ta a kan ra'ayin Augustine Soyayya Duk abin da Heidegger ke da madaidaicin matsayi game da Yahudanci da Nazism, ya kasance mai aminci ga dangantakar su da kuma tunawa da rawar da Heidegger ke tunani a cikin tafiyarsa Bayan yaki da gudun hijira, ta zama mai ba da goyon baya ga masanin falsafa, wanda ya yi fice kamar yadda yake da rigima, a Amurka A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da tara sai annah Arendt ta auri Günther Stern (daga baya mai suna Günther Anders), wani matashin masanin falsafa na Jamus wanda ta hadu da shi a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar a cikin jami'a kuma ya zama abokinta a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da bakwai A wannan shekarar, ta sami tallafin karatu wanda ya ba ta damar yin aiki har zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da uku akan tarihin rayuwar Rahel Varnhagen, Bayahude Bajamushe na zamanin Romantic (wannan aikin ba zai bayyana ba sai a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da takwas). Da hawan kyamar Yahudawa da hawan Nazis kan karagar mulki, ta kara sha'awar asalinta ta Yahudawa. Daga Shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da takwas, ta kasance kusa da Kurt Blumenfeld, tsohon shugaban kungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya, baje kolin yunkurin Sahayoniya, shugaban kungiyar Sahayoniya ta Jamus tun shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da hudu kuma aboki na iyali An tuhumi Blumenfeld don gano jigogin farfagandar kyamar Yahudawa, an kama ta a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da uku da Gestapo kuma aka sake ta godiya ga jin tausayin dan sanda Nan take ta bar Jamus Jirgin daga Jamus da gudun hijira zuwa Amurka Ta isa Faransa a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da uku, ta zama sakatariyar sirri na Baroness Germaine de Rothschild, ta yi fafutuka don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar Yahudawa da Larabawa a Falasdinu, ta shiga cikin maraba da Yahudawa, galibi ’yan gurguzu, suna tserewa Nazism kuma suna taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙe ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu An sake aure a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da bakwai, ta sake yin aure16 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in tare da ɗaya daga cikinsu, Heinrich Blücher, ɗan gudun hijirar Jamus, tsohon Spartacist A cikin mai a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in saboda ci gaban walƙiya da Sojojin Jamus suka yi a Faransa, ta sami kanta da gwamnatin Faransa tare da wasu marasa galihu a sansanin Gurs Basses-Pyrénées Cikin rud'ani bayan sanya hannu a hannun armisticejuin a cikin yuli a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in an sake ta kuma ta sami damar gudu zuwa Montauba, inda ta sami mijinta Sa'an nan kuma ta je Marseilles inda ta samu, godiya ga Cibiyar Gaggawa ta Amurka ta Varian Fry, takardar visa ga Portugal wanda ta shiga ta jirgin kasa. Daga nan sai ta zauna na wani lokaci a Lisbon da begen zuwa Amurka, wanda ya yiwu a watan Mayun 1941, ta hanyar shiga tsakani na jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka Hiram Bingham IV, wanda ya ba ta takardar izinin shiga Amurka ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da dubu biyu da dari biyar autres Bayan yunƙurin hayewa, ta zauna a New York A halin da ake ciki na rashin abin duniya, dole ne ta sami abin rayuwa kuma ta sami aiki a matsayin mai taimakon gida a Massachusetts Ta yi shirin zama ma'aikacin zamantakewa. A ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar komawa New York, kuma ta yi aiki a cikin jaridu da yawa, ciki har da Aufbau na mako-mako.
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
26015 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka | Ka | Ka ko KA na iya nufin to:
Fasaha da nishaɗi <i id="mwDA">KA</i> (Kohntarkosz Anteria), kundi a shekara ta 2004 ta Magma
Ka, wasan Cirque du Soleil
Ka <i id="mwEg">Hasumiyar Hasumiya</i> wani ɓangaren makirci a cikin jerin Stephen Tower's Dark Tower
Mister Mosquito, wasan bidiyo na 2001, wanda aka fi sani da Japan a matsayin Ka
Kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyi Kappa Alpha Order, ƙungiya ce da aka kafa a shekara ta 1865 a Washinton da Lee
Kappa Alpha Society, ƙungiyar da aka kafa a shekara ta 1825 a Kwalejin Union
Sojojin Karenni, ƙungiyar burma ta Burma
Knattspyrnufélag Akureyrar, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Iceland
Kuklos Adelphon, wani yanki na Kudancin 1800s
Khan Academy, ƙungiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta
King's Arms, Oxford, mashaya da aka sani da KA
Harshe
Harsuna Ka, iri -iri na yaren Banda ta Tsakiya
Yaren Jojiya, ta lambar ISO 639-1
Halaye Ka (Cyrillic),ko wasika a cikin Rashanci da sauran yarukan gabashin Turai
Ka (Indic), gungun glyphs masu alaƙa daga dangin Brahmic na rubutun
Devanagari ka, wasika a cikin rubutun Devanagari
Ka (Javanese) wasika a cikin rubutun Javanese
Ka (kana), sigar syllabic a cikin katakana na Japan da rubutun hiragana
Mutane Ka (fir'auna) fl. C. Talatin da biyu karni na BC), Fir'auna mai girma na Babban Masar
Ka (rapper) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1972), mai wasan kwaikwayo
Wurare Ka Farm, Østre Toten, Norway; duba Jerin sunayen gajerun wurare
Ka Island Ka-to Koriya ta Arewa
Yankin lambar lambar KA, Scotland
Ka River, Nijeriya
Karlsruhe, Jamus (misali lambar da aka yi amfani da ita a faranti na abin hawa na Jamus)
Karnataka, India
Kimiyya da fasaha K wani, wani acid dissociation m
K <sub id="mwWA">wani</sub> band, a obin na lantarki band
K a, yawan shan ruwa akai akai
K a, adadin musanyawa marasa daidaituwa a rukunin DNA, ana amfani da su a cikin ragin K <sub id="mwXw">a</sub> /K <sub id="mwYA">s</sub>
Ka itace, Terminalia carolinensis
ka, shekaru dubu, kyr
Keepalive, saƙon cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta
Kiloampere (kA), naúrar wutar lantarki
kiloannus ko kiloannum (ka), naúrar lokaci daidai da shekara dubu (10 3 Sufuri Ford Ka, mota
Ajin NZR K <sup id="mwdA">A</sup>, locomotive na tururi na New Zealand
Cathay Dragon (lambar IATA KA), tsohon Dragonair
Kamfanin Kenya Airways
Lambar samfuran Kamov, kamfanin kera rotorcraft na Rasha
Sauran amfani Ka (Bengali), harafin baƙaƙe
Ka (cuneiform)
ka ko kꜣ, "ninki biyu" ko "mahimmin mahimmanci", tsohuwar masar ta ruhu ko ruhi
Knight ko Dame na St Andrew, kyautar Barbadian
Kingda Ka, wani abin birgewa a Babban Tutoci guda shida
KA, abin sha mai carbonated wanda kamfanin AG Barr ya samar
KA, jargon tilasta bin doka don "sanannen |
41777 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular%20Portuguese | Daular Portuguese | Daular Portuguese Portuguese wacce kuma aka fi sani da ƙetaren Portuguese Ultramar Português ko Masarautar Mulkin Mallaka ta Portugal Império Colonial Português ta ƙunshi yankunan ƙasashen waje, masana'antu, da kuma yankuna na ketare da Portugal ke mulki. Ita ce daya daga cikin dauloli mafi tsufa a tarihin Turai, wacce ta kwashe tsawon karni shida tun bayan da aka mamaye Ceuta a Arewacin Afirka, a 1415, zuwa mika mulkin Macau zuwa kasar Sin a shekarar 1999. Daular ta fara ne a cikin karni na 15, kuma daga farkon karni na 16 ta bazu ko'ina a duniya, tana da rassa a Afirka, Arewacin Amurka, da Kudancin Amurka, da yankuna daban-daban na Asiya da Oceania. Daular Fotigal ta samo asali ne a farkon zamanin Binciko wurare, sannan kuma iko da mulkin Masarautar Portugal a ƙarshe ta faɗaɗa ko'ina a fadin duniya. Bayan farfadowar Reconquista, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portugal sun fara binciken gabar tekun Afirka da tsibirin Atlantic a cikin shekarun alif 1418-1419, ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin zamani wajen ratsa teku, zanen taswirori, da fasahar ruwa irin su caravel, tare da manufar gano hanyar teku zuwa teku da kuma tushen kasuwa kayan yaji don kasuwanci. A cikin 1488, Bartolomeu Dias ya zagaye Cape of Good Hope, kuma a cikin 1498 Vasco da Gama ya isa Indiya. A cikin 1500, ko dai ta hanyar kadara ko kuma ta hanyar ikon ubangiji Pedro Alvares Cabral ya binciko wajen da zai zama Brazil a yau.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portugal sun ci gaba da binciken bakin teku da tsibiran Gabashin Asiya, suna kafa garuruwa da masana'antu yayin da suke tafiya. A shekara ta 1571, jiragen ruwa sun haɗa Lisbon zuwa Nagasaki tare da bakin tekun Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiya, da Kudancin Asiya. Wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta kasuwanci da cinikayyar mulkin mallaka ta yi tasiri mai kyau ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin Portugal (1500-1800) lokacin da ta kai kusan kashi biyar na kudin shiga na kowane mutum na Portugal.
A lokacin da Sarki Philip II na Spaniya (Philip I na Portugal) ya kwace kambin sarautar Portugal a 1580 an fara haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 60 tsakanin Spaniya da Portugal wanda aka sani da tarihance daIberian Union. Sarakunan sun ci gaba da samun gwamnatoci daban-daban. Yayin da Sarkin Spaniya ya kasance kuma Sarkin Portugal, yankunan mulkin mallaka na Portugal sun zamo wuraren hare-hare daga wasu kasashen Turai uku masu adawa da Spaniya: Jamhuriyar Holland, Ingila da Faransa. Tare da ƙarancin jama'arta, Portugal ta kasa kare yankunan kasuwancinta masu nisa, kuma daular ta fara raguwa a hankali. Daga ƙarshe, Brazil ta zama ƙasa mafi daraja a zamanin daular ta biyu (1663-1825), har zuwa lokacin da, a matsayin wani ɓangare na guguwar yunƙurin 'yancin kai da ya mamaye nahiyar Amurka a farkon karni na 19, ta balle a 1822.
Zamani na uku na daular ya mamaye mataki a karshe na mulkin mallaka na Portugal bayan samun 'yancin kai na Brazil a shekarun 1820. A lokacin, an rage dukiyar mulkin mallaka zuwa garuruwa da gonaki a bakin tekun Afirka (wanda aka fadada ƙasarsu a lokacin rarrabewar Afirka a ƙarshen karni na 19), Timor na Portuguese, da ƙauyuka a Indiya Indiya ta Portuguese da Sin Macau ta Portuguese Ultimatum na Burtaniya na 1890 ya haifar da raguwar burin Portuguese a Afirka.
A karkashin António Salazar (a ofishin 1932 1968), mulkin kama-karya na <i id="mwUw">Estado Novo</i> ya yi wasu yunƙuri marasa kyau don rike sauran yankunan da suka rage. A karkashin akidar pluricontinentalism, gwamnatin ta sake sanya wa yankunanta suna "lardunan ketare yayin da suke rike da tsarin tilastawa ayyuka, wanda manyan mutane 'yan asali ne kawai aka kebe. A cikin watan Agustan 1961, Dahomey sun haɗa sansanin São João Baptista de Ajudá, kuma a cikin Disamba na wannan shekarar Indiya ta mamaye Goa, Daman, da Diu. Yaƙin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na Portugal a Afirka ya wanzu tun daga 1961 har zuwa ƙarshen hambarar da gwamnatin Estado Novo a 1974. Juyin Juyin Halitta na Afrilun 1974 a Lisbon ya haifar da rushewar mulkin mallaka kasar Fotigal a Afurka cikin sauri da kuma maye 1975 na Timor na Portuguese da Indonesiya. Rushewar mulkin mallakar ya haifar da gudun hijira ga kusa dukkanin mutanen Portugal da sauran turawa daga yankunan. Portugal ta mayar da mulkin Macau zuwa China a 1999. Kasashen da suka rage a ƙarƙashin mulkin Portuguese, sune Azores da Madeira, dukansu suna dauke da jama'ar Portugal da dama, kuma Lisbon daga baya sun canza matsayinsu na tsarin mulki daga lardunan ketare zuwa yankuna masu cin gashin kansu". Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Masu Magana ta Fotigal (CPLP) sune magada al'adu na Masarautar, mai kama da Commonwealth of Nations ga ƙasashen da ke cikin Daular Biritaniya.
Manazarta
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43382 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shraddha%20Kapoor | Shraddha Kapoor | Shraddha Kapoor (an haife ta a 3 Maris din shekarar 1987 ko 1989 yar wasan kwaikwayon Indiya ce wacce ta fara aiki a fina-finan Hindi .tana daya daga cikin jaruman masana'antar shirya fina-finan indiya da suka fi samun albashi, Kapoor ta fito a cikin jerin sunayen shahararru 100 a Forbes India tun daga shekara 2014 kuma Forbes Asia ce ta bayyanata a cikin jerin 30 'yan kasa 30 na 2016.
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Diyar jarumi Shakti Kapoor ce, ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne da gajeriyar rawar da ta taka a cikin fim din sata mai taken Teen Patti na 2010,sannan ta fito a matsayin babbar jaruma a wasan kwaikwayo na matasa mai taken Luv Ka The End (2011). Kapoor ta sami nasara a fim din soyayya na Aashiqui 2 (2013), wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Filmfare Award for Best Actress A shekara mai zuwa, ta nuna wani hali bisa Ophelia a cikin babban wasan kwaikwayo na Vishal Bhardwaj Haider (2014). Kapoor ta kafa kanta tare da rawar gani a cikin fim mai ban sha'awa na soyayya Ek Villain (2014), wasan kwaikwayo na rawa ABCD 2 (2015) da kuma fim din Baaghi (2016). Bayan jerin fina-finan da ba a samu nasara ba, fitowar ta mafi girma da aka fitar sun zo tare da ban dariya mai ban tsoro Stree (2018), mai ban sha'awa Saaho (2019), da wasan kwaikwayo-Chhichhore (2019).
Baya ga fitowa a fina-finai, Kapoor takan rera wakokinta a fina-finai da dama. Ita ce mai ba da goyon baya ga shahararrun masana'antu da samfura da yawa, a cikin Shekarar 2015, ta ƙaddamar da nata gun tufafin.
Rayuwar farko da asali An haifi jaruma Kapoor kuma ta girma a Mumbai A bangaren mahaifinta, Kapoor 'yar Punjabi ce, kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarta, ita yar zuriyar Marathi ce. Kakan mahaifiyarta Pandharinath Kolhapure, (dan kanin Deenanath Mangeshkar ya fito daga Kolhapur kuma kakarta ta fito daga Panaji, Goa Iyalan Kapoor sun hada da mahaifinta Shakti Kapoor da mahaifiyarta Shivangi Kapoor, babban yayanta Siddhanth Kapoor, kannen mahaifanta Padmini Kolhapure da Tejaswini Kolhapure duk 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne a gidan kallo na Indiya Ita ce babbar yar Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Meena Khadikar, Usha Mangeshkar da Hridaynath Mangeshkar Wanda ta fito daga dangin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, Kapoor tana son zama ƴar wasan kwaikwayo tun tana ƙarama. Tana sanya kayan iyayenta, ta kuma rika bitar waƙoƙin fina-finai da rawar waƙoƙi irinta jaruman fim din a gaban madubi. Ta kuma raka mahaifinta zuwa wuraren daukar fim daban-daban a lokacin kuruciyarta. A yayin daukar daya daga cikin faifan bidiyon David Dhawan, Kapoor ta yi abota da jarumi Varun Dhawan, don yin wasa da shi, kuma sun rike fitila suna nuna kamar kamara ne yayin da suke isar da layin fim ga junansu, da Haka kuma suna ta rawa da wakokin fim na Govinda Kapoor ta yi karatunta ne a Makarantar Jamnabai Narsee kuma tana da shekaru 15, ta koma Makarantar Bombay ta Amurka A wata hira da <i id="mwdw">jaridar The Times of India</i>, Shetty ya bayyana cewa dukkansu sun kasance suna shiga gasar rawa. Da yake ta yi imanin cewa ta kasance mai fafatawa tun tana 'yar shekara 17 a duniya, Kapoor ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon hannu yayin da take tunanin waɗannan wasannin suna da ƙalubale sosai. Lokacin da jaridar Hindustan Times ne ta yi hira da su a cikin shekarar 2016, Kapoor da Shroff sun yarda da cewa sun shaku da juna a makaranta, amma ba su taba neman junansu ba. Daga nan Kapoor ta shiga Jami’ar Boston inda ta yi karatunta na digiri a fannin ilimin karanatar halayyar dan adam, amma ta bar shekararta ta farko don fitowa a fim dinta na farko bayan da furodusa Ambika Hinduja ya gan ta a fezbuk, wanda ya jefa ta a matsayin Teen Patti A wata hira datayi da Filmfare, Shakti Kapoor ta bayyana cewa Kapoor bai cika shekara 16 ba a lokacin da aka ba ta fim dinta na farko, mai sa'a: No Time for Love (2005) na shahararran jarumin masana'an tar shirya fim ta indiya wato Salman Khan, bayan ya ga daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a makarantarta. amma ta yi watsi da shawarar yayin da take burin zama masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam. An horar da Kapoor a matsayin mawaƙiya tun lokacin ƙuruciyarta a matsayin kakanta na uwa kuma mahaifiyarta mawaƙiya ce na gargajiya.
Sana'a
Gwagwarmayar aiki da ci gaba (2010-2016) Kapoor ta fara fitowa ta farko a cikin 2010 a tallar <i id="mwpw">Teen Patti</i>, tare da Amitabh Bachchan, Ben Kingsley da R. Madhavan Ta taka rawa a matsayin 'yar jami'a. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau gaba ɗaya, kodayake aikinta ya fi karɓuwa. Preeti Arora, wanda ke rubutawa ga Rediff.com ya bayyana cewa: "ko da yake dan kadan ne, tana da damar da yawa." Nikhat Kazmi ta sake bitar: "Shraddha Kapoor ta fara fitowa mai ban sha'awa a matsayin matashiya mai taurin kai wacce ta zubar da ƙayyadaddun bayananta don sleaze, tare da access." Fim din ya kasa yin kyau a akwatin ofishin; duk da haka rawar da Kapoor ta yi ya sa ta samu nasarar lashe kyautar Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut Bayan fitowarta ta farko, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fina-finai uku tare da Yash Raj Films kuma ta fito a cikin 2011 matashiya mai ban dariya a shirin wasan kwaikwayon Luv Ka The End, tare da Taaha Shah Kapoor ta bayyana matsayin wata matashiya daliba da ta yi wa saurayinta makirci bayan ya yaudare ta. Fim ɗin bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba a ofishin akwatin kuma ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga masu suka. Duk da haka, aikin Kapoor ya sami kyakkyawan bita mai mahimmanci. Taran Adarsh ya rubuta: "Shraddha wahayi ne, yana kama ku ba tare da saninsa ba tare da kwarin gwiwa. Ta kasance mai ban sha'awa a cikin lokacin da ta rushe bayan ta san ainihin manufar masoyinta." Don aikinta, Kapoor ta sami lambar yabo ta Stardust Searchlight Award don Mafi kyawun Jaruma Daga baya an ba Kapoor kyautar jagorar mata a cikin Aurangzeb (2013) a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyarta da Yash Raj Films. Duk da haka, ta sanya hannu a cikin Vishesh Films Aashiqui 2 (2013) a maimakon haka, ta yadda ta soke kwangilar fina-finai uku da Yash Raj Films. A shekara ta 2013, Kapoor ta taka babbar rawa a cikin fim ɗin soyayya na Mohit Suri Aashiqui 2, mabiyin fim ɗin Aashiqui na 1990. An jefa ta a matsayin Aarohi Keshav Shirke, mawaƙiyar ƙaramin gari wanda ta zama ƙwararren mai yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da taimakon mashahurin mawaƙi na maza (wanda Aditya Roy Kapur ya buga). Fim din ya kasance nasara a ofis tare da kudaden shiga na duniya na 1.09 biliyan Anupama Chopra mai sukar fina-finai ta kira Kapoor a matsayin "nasara ta gaske" kuma ta kara da cewa "fuskar ta na da lahani mai ban tsoro." Koyaya, Vinayak Chakravorty ta Indiya A Yau ta rubuta cewa "tayi kyau duk da cewa ta kasa ƙara walƙiya." Kapoor ta sami nadi da yawa a cikin mafi kyawun jarumai, ciki har da ta farko a Filmfare Awards A wannan shekarar, ta kuma fitowa a matsayin bakuwa a wasan kwaikwayon barkwanci na soyayya Gori Tere Pyaar Mein, wanda ta fito a matsayin budurwar Imran Khan Gwagwarmayar sana'a (2016-2017) Fitar Kapoor na ƙarshe a cikin 2016 shine wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan rock Rock On 2, mabiyi na 2008's Rock On!! An jefa ta tare da Farhan Akhtar, Arjun Rampal da Prachi Desai Ta taka rawar Jiah Sharma, wata mawaƙiya ce da ta fito kuma mai buga madanni, wacce ke fama da rashin kula da mahaifinta. Don yin shiri, ta ɗauki lokaci tana karanta littattafai a keɓe kuma ta ɗauki horon murya a ƙarƙashin mawaƙa Samantha Edwards Namrata Joshi ta Hindu ba ta son fim ɗin kuma ta ɗauki aikin Kapoor a matsayin "tawali'u da biyayya". Rock On 2 bai dawo da miliyan 450 ba zuba jari, don haka fitowa a matsayin gazawar kasuwanci a ofishin akwatin.
Sauran aikin da hoton watsa labarai Bugu da kari kuma bayan a fina-finai, Kapoor ta tallafa wa ƙungiyoyin agaji, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rera waƙa a cikin fina-finanta. Ta kuma yi tafiya a cikin Makon Kaya na Lakme don masu zanen kaya iri-iri kuma ta kasance abin koyi ga mujallu da yawa. Kapoor shine jakadan alama na samfurori da yawa, ciki har da Lakmé, Veet, Lipton, Marico 's Hair Care da sauran su. Bollywood Hungama ta sanya mata suna "daya daga cikin sunayen da ake nema" a masana'antar talla. Daga baya, a cikin Maris 2015, ta kaddamar da nata layin tufafi ga mata, mai suna Imara, tare da haɗin gwiwar Amazon.com A cikin 2021, ta saka hannun jari a cikin alamar abin sha na Shunya.
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Haihuwan 1987
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
13518 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Kelly | Grace Kelly | Grace Patricia Kelly (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga wartan Nuwamba, shekarar alif 1929, ta mutu a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1982) yar fim din Amurka ce, wanda bayan fitowarta ta haskaka a wasu manyan fina-finai a farkon-zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1950, ta zama Gimbiya ta Monaco ta auranta da Yarima Rainier III a watan Afrilun na shekarar alif 1956. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka a cikin shekara ta alif 1949, Kelly ya fara fitowa a cikin abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na New York City da kuma abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa sama da 40 da aka watsa a farkon 1950s Golden Age of Television Ta kuma sami tauraro daga wasan da ta yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na John Ford na kasada- romancin Mogambo (1953), wanda a dalilinsa ne aka zabe ta don lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Jaruma Mai Tallafawa Ta ci lambar yabo ta Academy don Mafi kyawun Jaruma saboda rawar da ta yi a wasan kwaikwayo The Country Girl (1954). Sauran sananne ayyukansu sun hada da yammacin High noon (1952), da romance-comedy High Society (1956), da kuma uku a jere Alfred Hitchcock jinkirtar thrillers: Dial M for Kisa (1954), Rear Window (1954), da kuma a kama barawo 1955). Kelly ya yi aiki tare da wasu fitattun manyan mutane na zamanin, ciki har da Gary Cooper, Clark Gable, Ray Millan, James Stewart, Bing Crosby, William Holden, Cary Grant, Alec Guinness, da Frank Sinatra Kelly ta yi ritaya daga aiki tun tana da shekara 26 ta auri Rainier, kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin Gimbiya na Monaco Sanannen abu ne cewa Hitchcock yana fatan za ta fito a cikin wasu finafinan sa wadanda ke buƙatar fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, amma bai sami damar hana ta janye ba. Kelly da Rainier sunada yara uku: Princess Caroline, Prince Albert, da Princess Stéphanie Kelly ta ci gaba da kasancewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Amurka ta zama ɗan asalin Amurka da Monégasque. Princess Grace ta mutu a Asibiti na Monaco a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif 1982, sakamakon rauni da ta samu a hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar da ta gabata. A lokacin rasuwarta tana da shekara 52. Tana cikin jerin 13th a cikin Cibiyar Fina-Finan Amurka 25 mafi girma na taurari Hollywood Bayan fage da rayuwa An haifi Kelly ne a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1929, a Asibitin Jami'ar Hahnemann da ke Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ga dangi mai wadata da kuma manyan mutane. Mahaifinta, Ailan-American John B. Kelly Sr., ya lashe uku Olympic zinare ga sculling da kuma mallakar wani cin nasara brickwork kwangilar kamfanin da aka kyau da aka sani a kan Gabas Coast. A matsayin dan takarar Demokradiyya a zaben shekarar 1935 na magajin garin Philadelphia, mafi kusa ya ragu a tarihin garin. A shekarun baya ya yi aiki a Hukumar ta Fairmount Park kuma, yayin yakin duniya na biyu, Shugaba Roosevelt ya nada shi a matsayin Daraktan Kula da Lafiya na Kasa. Brotheran uwanta Walter C. Kelly ɗan wasan tauraruwar vaudeville ne, wanda kuma ya yi fina-finai na Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer da Paramount Pictures, wani kuma mai suna George shi ne Pulitzer Prize –winwin dramatist, marubucin allo, kuma darekta. Mahaifiyar Kelly, Margaret Katherine Majer, iyayenta yan Janus ne. Margaret ta koyar da physical education a University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach women's athletics at the institution. She also modeled for a time in her youth. After marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations.
Kelly tana da wasu 'yan uwanta biyu, Margaret da John Jr., da wata' yar uwa, Elizabeth. 'Ya'yan sun girma a cikin bangaskiyar Katolika. Kelly ya girma ne a cikin karamar ƙaramar cocin Katolika. Saint Bridget shine Ikklesiya ta East Falls inda aka yi mata baftisma kuma ta sami ilimin farko. Saint John Neumann, Bishop na huɗu na Philadelphia, an kafa shi a cikin 1853, a lokacin Saint Bridget shine ɗan Ikklesiya na matasa, inda iyalai ke da kusanci da juna. Yayinda ta halarci makarantar Ravenhill Academy, makarantar 'yan mata' yan darikar Katolika, Kelly tayi kwalliyar fati a wajen taron sadaqa tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta mata. A shekara ta 1942, lokacin tana 'yar shekara 12, ta jagoranci gaba a cikin Kada Ku ciyar da Dabbobin, wasan da kungiyar' Yan wasa ta Gabas ta Gabas suka gabatar. Kafin kammala karatun digiri a watan Mayu 1947 daga Stevens School, wata babbar jami'a mai zaman kanta a cikin Chestnut Hill da ke kusa, ta yi rawa da rawa. Littafin karatun ta na shekara-shekara ya jera 'yar wasan da ta fi so a matsayin Ingrid Bergman da kuma dan wasan da ta fi so a matsayin Joseph Cotten Rubuta a sashin "Annabcin Stevens" shine: "Miss Grace P. Kelly sanannen tauraruwa ne na mataki da allo Sakamakon maki mai karancin lissafi, Kwalejin Bennington ta ki karbarta a watan Yuli na shekarar 1947.
Aiki Duk da rashin amincewar iyayenta da farko, Kelly ta yanke shawarar bin burinta na zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. John bai ji daɗi sosai da shawarar da ta yanke ba; ya kalli yin hakan a matsayin "wani siriri a saman bakin titi". [12] Don fara aikinta, ta nemi izinin Kwalejin Ilimin Addinin gargajiya ta Amurka a New York, ta amfani da abin kallo daga kawunta George Kelly na The Torch-Bearers a shekarar (1923). Kodayake makarantar ta riga ta cika tanadin tsarin karatun ta, amma ta samu tattaunawa da jami'in shigar da karar, Emile Diestel, kuma an karbe shi ta hannun George. [12] Kelly ta yi aiki da himma, kuma ta yi amfani da maganarta ta amfani da rakodin tef. Ayyukanta na farko sun sa ta kai ga matakin, kuma ta yi ta farko a karon farko a Strindberg 's Uba, tare da Raymond Massey A 19, wasan karatun ta ya kasance kamar yadda Tracy Lord a cikin Labari na Filadelfia [12] Shiri a talebelijin Delbert Mann cast Kelly as Bethel Merriday in an adaptation of the Sinclair Lewis novel of the same name; this was her first of nearly 60 live television programs. As a theater personality, she was mentioned in Theatre World magazine as: "[a] most promising personality of the Broadway stage of 1950." Some of her well-known works as a theater actress were: The Father, The Rockingham Tea Set, The Apple Tree, The Mirror of Delusion, Episode (for Somerset Maugham's tele-serial), among others.
Success on television eventually brought her a role in a major motion picture. Impressed by her work in The Father, the director of the Twentieth Century-Fox film Fourteen Hours (1951), Henry Hathaway, offered her a small role in the film. Kelly had a minor role, opposite Paul Douglas, Richard Basehart, and Barbara Bel Geddes, as a young woman contemplating divorce. Kelly's co-artist Paul Douglas commented of her acting in this film: "In two senses, she did not have a bad side you could film her from any angle, and she was one of the most un-temperamental cooperative people in the business." Following the release of this film, the "Grace Kelly Fan Club" was established. It became popular all over the United States, with local chapters springing up and attracting many members. Kelly referred to her fan club as "terrifically amusing".. Gary Cooper ta lura da Kelly yayin ziyarar zuwa sa'o'in hudun na Sa'a, wanda daga baya ta kasance tare da ita a High Noon (1952). Kyautatawar da ya yi mata, ya ce ita ta bambanta da waɗannan ire-iren waɗannan haɓakar da muka gani da yawa Koyaya, abin da Kelly ta yi a cikin Shekaru Goma sha huɗu ba su da masu sukar ba, kuma ba su kai ta ga karɓar sauran rawar da ta taka ba. Ta ci gaba da ayyukanta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin, duk da cewa ba ta da "ƙarfin dawakai", kuma da alama ba za ta sami dogon lokacin aiki ba. [12] Kelly tana yin wasan ne a cikin gidan Elitch Gardens na Colorado lokacin da mai gabatar da kara Stanley Kramer ya ba ta rawar gani a gaban Gary Cooper a cikin Fred Zinnemann 's High Noon, Yammacin Yankin Yammacin Turai a wani tsohon gari da ke hakar ma'adinai a Columbia, California. Ta yarda da rawar, kuma an harbe fim din a ƙarshen bazara farkon faɗuwar 1951 a kan jadawalin harbe-harben kwana 28 a cikin yanayi mai zafi. An jefa ta a matsayin 'yar budurwa Quaker zuwa ga Gary Cooper's stoic Marshall kuma ta sanya" rigar da ta dace da rigar mutuncin Victoria tare da Gary Cooper, wacce ke da shekaru 28. [16] The movie aka saki a lokacin rani na shekarar 1952. [18] High noon janyo hudu Academy Awards, kuma ya tun da aka ranked a cikin mafi kyau fina-finan da duk lokaci. Koyaya, High Noon ba fim din da ya sa Kelly ta zama tauraron fim ba, duk da cewa a yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun fina-finai. Kamar yadda mawallafin tarihin H. Haughland ke faɗi: "Aikin Miss Kelly bai farantawa masu sukar lamirin ba, ko kuma sun yi rayuwa da nata." [16] Wasu masu sukar lamuni sun yi ba'a a ƙarshen fim ɗin wanda Kelly ya ceci halin Cooper. David Bishop ya bayar da hujjar cewa halayensa na rashin gaskiya, wanda ya kashe wani mutumin da ke shirin harbi mijinta, ya kasance mai sanyi. Alfred Hitchcock ya bayyana abin da ta yi a matsayin "makusantan mousy", kuma ya ce ba ta da tashin hankali. Ya ce a fina-fincinta na baya ne kawai "ta yi rawar jiki" kuma ta nuna ingancin tauraronsa na gaske. Kawun Grace Kelly George Kelly, 'yar fim din Pulitzer ne mai wasan kwaikwayo na mata, ta ba da shawara da ba da kulawa ga Kelly yayin fim din Hollywood. Aikin fim din ta ya kasance ne tun daga watan Satumbar shekarar 1951 zuwa watan Maris shekara ta 1956. [24]
Yin aiki a MGM Bayan yin fim ɗin High Noon, Kelly ya koma New York City kuma ya ɗauki darussan koyar da zaman kansu, masu sha'awar ɗauka da muhimmanci a matsayin ’yar wasan kwaikwayo. [16] Ta yi a cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma a shirye-shiryen talabijin. [25] Ta bayyana a cikin wasu wasannin kwaikwayo na talabijin da dama (wanda aka buga a sama da shirye-shiryen talabijin sama da sittin), da aka gwada allo domin fim din Taxi a cikin bazara na shekarar 1952. Darakta John Ford ya lura da Kelly a cikin gwajin allo na 1950, kuma injinsa ya tashi ta fito zuwa Los Angeles don dubawa a watan Satumbar shekarar 1952. Ford ya ce Kelly ya nuna "kiwo, inganci, da aji". An ba ta rawar, tare da kwangilar shekaru bakwai a ƙarancin albashi na $850 a mako. [26] Kelly ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a karkashin sharuɗɗa biyu: na farko, cewa ɗayan daga cikin shekaru biyu, tana da lokacin hutu don aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo; na biyu kuma, cewa ta sami damar zama a New York City a gidanta na Manhattan House, a 200 E. 66th Street, yanzu alamar ƙasa ce. [12] Bayan watanni biyu, a cikin watan Nuwamba shekarar 1952, Kelly da ɗan wasan sun isa Nairobi don fara fim din Mogambo Gene Tierney da farko an jefa shi cikin rawar, amma dole ne ta sauka a cikin minti na ƙarshe saboda batutuwan sirri. Daga baya Kelly ya fadawa mawakin fina-finan Hollywood Hedda Hopper, Mogambo yana da abubuwa uku da suka ba ni sha'awa: John Ford, Clark Gable, da tafiya zuwa Afirka, tare da biyan kuɗi. Idan an yi Mogambo a Arizona, da ba zan t sun aikata shi. Kelly tana wasa da Linda Nordley, matar aure ce ta Turanci mai ban sha'awa tare da sha'awar soyayya a Clark Gable. Kayan riguna, wadanda Helen Rose suka tsara, sun kasance "salon safari". Sama da tsawan watanni uku, babu kayan neman mata da aka yi amfani da su. Wani hutu a cikin shirin fim din ya baiwa mata tare da Mogambo abokin Ava Gardner ziyarar zuwa Rome. An saki fim ɗin a cikin shekarar 1953, kuma yana da nasara gudu a ofishin akwatin. [26] An zaba Kelly ta lambar yabo ta Golden Globe Award don Mafi kyawun Actungiyar Tallafawa, kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta farko ta Academy Award don Mafi Kyawun ressaddamarwa na Supportwarewa saboda ayyukanta. [32]. Bayan nasarar Mogambo, Kelly ya buga fim a hanyar 'TV' The Way of Eagle tare da Jean-Pierre Aumont, kafin a jefa shi a cikin fim din da Frederick Knott 's Broadway ya buga Dial M don Murder, gaban Ray Milland da Robert Cummings A cikin wannan fim, Kelly tana wasa da matar attajiri mai wasan ƙwallon tennis mai ritaya. [26] Darakta Alfred Hitchcock, wanda kuma ya ga gwajin allo na shekarar 1950, zai zama ɗayan masu jagoranci na ƙarshe. Matar studio ɗinta MGM ta ba da ranta (tare da wanda ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru bakwai don yin Mogambo), don yin aiki a kan fina-finai da yawa na Hitchcock, daga baya ta bayyana a cikin Rear Window da Don Kama Wani ɓarayi [26] Kelly ba tare da nuna wata damuwa ba, ya yi watsi da damar da ya yi wa tauraruwa tare da Marlon Brando a cikin Ruwa na Buga shekarar (1954). Eva Marie Saint, wacce ta maye gurbin ta, ta sami lambar yabo ta Academy domin wannan rawar. Madadin haka, sai ta himmatu ga rawar Lisa Fremont a cikin Wutar Window Kelly ya ce, "Duk ta hanyar yin Dial M don Murder, shi (Hitchcock) ya zauna ya yi min magana game da Window Window koyaushe, tun ma kafin mu tattauna kasancewar ta". Kelly's new co-star, James Stewart, was highly enthusiastic about working with her. The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and model a fashion model who "never wore the same dress twice" was unlike any of the previous women she had played. For the first time, she was playing an independent career woman. Just as he had done earlier, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with a close-up of the two stars kissing, finally lingering closely on her profile. Hitchcock brought her elegance to the foreground by changing her dresses many times, including: "glamorous evening short dresses, a sheer negligee over a sleek nightgown, a full-skirted floral dress, and a casual pair of jeans". On the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was again praised. Varietys film critic remarked on the casting, commenting on the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly", as "both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands".
Kelly ta taka rawar da matar ta yi na tsawon lokaci na Bing Crosby, Georgie Elgin, a cikin Yarinyar Kasar, bayan da wata mai ciki Jennifer Jones ta sunkuyar da kai. Lallai ya saba da wasan, Kelly ya kasance mai sha'awar sashin. Don yin shi, MGM dole ne ya bada rancen Kelly zuwa Paramount Kelly ta nuna halin ko in kula, kuma ta yi barazanar cewa ta bar fim din, in da suka ce idan ba su ba ta damar yin fim ba, to, za ta kwashe jakarta ta tafi New York da kyau. MGM ya juya baya, kuma sashin na ya koma. Har ila yau, Kelly ta sasanta da kwangilar da za ta fi samun riba, sakamakon nasarar da ta samu. [39] A cikin fim, Kelly tana wasa da matar mai wanki, mawaƙa, wacce Crosby ta buga. Halinta ya rikice cikin damuwa tsakanin masoyanta biyu, wanda Bing Crosby da William Holden suka buga. Edith Head ta sake yin ado da ita don dacewa da rawar da ta taka a fim. Da farko an saka ta da suttattun suttura, amma wannan rigar ta canza zuwa tsoffin 'yan kaduna da kuma "rigunan gida" zuwa ƙarshen fim. [39] As a result of her performance in The Country Girl, Kelly was nominated for and ultimately won an Academy Award for Best Actress. Her main competitor was Judy Garland for her performance in A Star Is Born. After receiving the Oscar nomination, Kelly won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954: Rear Window, Dial M For Murder, and The Country Girl. At the Golden Globe Awards in 1955, Garland and Kelly both won awards for their respective performances. Garland won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Musical, and Kelly won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama.
In April 1954, Kelly flew to Colombia for a 10-day shoot on her next project, Green Fire, with Stewart Granger. She played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. Granger wrote in his autobiography of his distaste for the film's script, while Kelly later confided to Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked It was awful."
Bayan fim ɗin da aka yi a jere na Rear Window, Toko-Ri, Yarinyar Countryasa, da Green wuta, Kelly ta tashi zuwa Riviera ta Faransa don fara aikinta na uku, kuma na ƙarshe, fim na Alfred Hitchcock, Don Kamawa aarawo An ba da shi ta hanyar MGM zuwa Paramount Films a karo na biyar, Kelly yana wasa da mai riƙon da ya ɗauka "suttura mai kyan gani", yayin da Cary Grant ya taka rawar tsohon barawo cat yanzu yana neman kama "ɓarawo wanda ke kwaikwayon shi" [41] Kelly da Grant sun inganta juna. Su biyun sun fi son lokacinsu tare har tsawon rayuwarsu. Shekaru daga baya, lokacin da aka nemi ya ba da sunan ɗan wasan da ya fi so, Grant ya amsa ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba: “Da kyau, tare da girmamawa ga masoyi Ingrid Bergman, na fi ƙaunar Alherin. Tana da nutsuwa A cikin 1956, Kelly ya ba da hoton Princess Alexandra a cikin fim ɗin Burtaniya wanda Swan, wanda Charles Vidor ya jagoranta, akasin Alec Guinness da Louis Jourdan Matsayinta na ƙarshe ya kasance a fim ɗin fim na Charles Walters High Society, sake fasalin Bikin 19400 na MGM Labari ne na Philadelphia A cikin wannan fim ɗin, tauraruwar ta taurari a gaban Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, da Celeste Holm Princess ta Monaco Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at the Cannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session with Prince Rainier III, the sovereign of the Principality of Monaco, at the Prince's Palace, about 55 kilometers away from Cannes. After a series of delays and complications, she met him at the Prince's Palace of Monaco on May 6, 1955. At the time of her initial meeting with him, she was dating the French actor Jean-Pierre Aumont.
After a year-long courtship described as containing "a good deal of rational appraisal on both sides", Prince Rainier married Kelly in 1956. The Napoleonic Code of Monaco and the laws of the Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies both a civil ceremony and a religious wedding. The 16-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956, and a reception later in the day was attended by 3,000 Monégasque citizens. To cap the ceremony, the 142 official titles that she acquired in the union (counterparts of her husband's) were formally recited. The following day the church ceremony took place at Monaco's Saint Nicholas Cathedral, before Bishop Gilles Barthe. The wedding was estimated to have been watched by over 30 million viewers on live television and was described by biographer Robert Lacey as "the first modern event to generate media overkill". Her wedding dress, designed by MGM's Academy Award-winning Helen Rose, was worked on for six weeks by three dozen seamstresses. The bridesmaids' gowns were designed by Joe Allen Hong at Neiman Marcus. The 700 guests included several famous people, including Aristotle Onassis, Cary Grant, David Niven and his wife Hjördis, Gloria Swanson, Ava Gardner, Aga Khan III, Gloria Guinness, and many others. Frank Sinatra was invited but did not attend. Kelly and Rainier left that night for their seven-week Mediterranean honeymoon cruise on his yacht, Deo Juvante II.
Ma'auratan nada ya'ya uku:
Princess Caroline, an haufe ta a Janairun 23, 1957
Prince Albert, an haife shi a Maris 14, 1958, shine Prince na Monaco
Princess Stéphanie, an haife ta February 1, 1965
Shekaru masu zuwa Hitchcock ya bai wa Princess Grace jagora a fim din Marnie a shekarar 1962. Tana da sha'awar, amma kukan jama'a a cikin Monaco game da kasancewarta a cikin fim inda za ta yi kleptomaniac ya sa ta sake tunani kuma a ƙarshe ta ƙi aikin. Darakta Herbert Ross yayi ƙoƙarin nuna mata sha'awar a wani bangare a fim ɗin shi na Turning Point (1977), amma Rainier ya soke ra'ayin. Daga baya a waccan shekarar, ta dawo cikin fasahar zane-zane a jerin karatuttukan wakoki da ke wakoki a kan labari da labari na shirin 'Theater of The Street Street Ta kuma ba da labarin fim din ABC wanda aka yi da talabijin mai suna The Poppy Is shima Flower (1966). Grace da Rainier sun yi aiki tare a cikin wani fim mai 'yanci na mintuna 33 da ake kira Rearranged a 1979, wanda ya samu karbuwa daga masu zartarwar ABC TV a 1982 bayan firaminista a Monaco, kan sharadin cewa ya kara zuwa awa daya. Kafin a kara daukar hotuna, Grace ta mutu kuma ba za a sake fitar da fim din ba ko kuma a nuna shi a bainar jama'a. Mutuwa A ranar 13 ga Satumabar, 1982, Kelly ta dawo da ita gida daga Monaco ta gida a Roc Agel lokacin da ta sami bugun jini. Sakamakon haka, ta rasa ikonta na 1971 Rover P6 3500. kuma ta kori babbar hanya, iska mai da saukar da tsaunin dutse. 'Yarta Stéphanie, wacce ke cikin wurin fasinja, ta yi ƙoƙari amma ta gaza wajen sake mallakar motar. An kai Kelly zuwa Asibitin Monaco (daga baya aka sanya wa suna Princess Grace Hospital Center tare da raunin da ya samu a kwakwalwa da thorax da kuma rauni na fyade. Likitocin sun yi imanin cewa ta samu rauni a lokacin da take tuki. Ta mutu washegari a 10:55 Da dare bayan Rainier ta yanke shawarar cire mata tallafi. An gudanar da jana'izar Kelly a Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate, ranar 18 ga Satumabar, 1982. Bayan Massiem Mass, an binne ta a cikin gidan iyayen Grimaldi. Fiye da mutane 400 suka halarci, ciki har da Cary Grant, Nancy Reagan, Danielle Mitterrand, Diana, Princess of Wales, da Empress Farah na Iran A wani taron tunawa da wani daga baya a Beverly Hills, James Stewart ya gabatar da wannan karar: Rainier, who did not remarry, was buried alongside her in 2005.
Ayyuka Zababbun fina-finai'''
class="wikitable"
|Shekara|Suna|Mataki|Darekta|Bayanai|-
|1951
|Fourteen Hours
|Louise Ann Fuller
|Henry Hathaway
|1952
|High Noon
|Amy Fowler Kane
|Fred Zinnemann
|1953
|Mogambo
|Linda Nordley
|John Ford
rowspan="5" |1954
|Dial M for Murder
|Margot Mary Wendice
rowspan="2" |Alfred Hitchcock
|Rear Window
|Lisa Carol Fremont
|The Country Girl
|Georgie Elgin
|George Seaton
|Green Fire
|Catherine Knowland
|Andrew Marton
|The Bridges at Toko-Ri
|Nancy Brubaker
|Mark Robson
|1955
|To Catch a Thief
|Frances Stevens
|Alfred Hitchcock
rowspan="2" |1956
|The Swan
|Princess Alexandra
|Charles Vidor
|High Society
|Tracy Samantha Lord
|Charles Walters
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo "True Love", a duet with Bing Crosby from High Society (1956)
L'Oiseau du Nord et L'Oiseau du Soleil, in French and in English (1978)
Birds, Beasts Flowers: A Programme of Poetry, Prose and Music (1980)
Legacy Acting Kelly left a lasting legacy as a model, theater artist, television actress (her most prolific work, acting in around 100 TV plays), and an iconic Hollywood film star. Kelly has been cited as one of the "classic Hitchcock blondes", and as one of the most elegant women in cinematic and world history. One author describes her as the "elegant glamour girl of the screen".
Grace Kelly appeared on the cover of the 31 January 1955 issue of the weekly magazine Time. The magazine hailed her as the top movie star who brought about "a startling change from the run of smoky film sirens and bumptious cuties". She was described as the "Girl in White Gloves" because she wore "prim and noticeable white gloves", and journalists often called her the "lady" or "Miss Kelly" for this reason as well. In 1954, she appeared on the Best Dressed list, and in 1955, the Custom Tailored Guild of America listed her as the "Best-Tailored Woman".
In appreciation of her work with Hitchcock in three of his films, Kelly later wrote a foreword to the book The Art of Alfred Hitchcock by Donald Spoto. Spoto also had written High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly.
Philanthropy During her marriage, Kelly was unable to continue her acting career. Instead, she performed her daily duties as princess and became involved in philanthropic work.
She founded AMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based non-profit organization that was eventually recognized by the UN as a Non-governmental organization. According to UNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion and in a spirit of complete political independence." Her daughter, Princess Caroline, carries the torch for AMADE today in her role as President.
Kelly was also active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming the Princess Grace Foundation in 1964 to support local artisans. In 1983, following her death, Princess Caroline assumed the duties of President of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation; Prince Albert is Vice-President.
Following Kelly's death, the Princess Grace Foundation-USA (PGF-USA) was established to continue the work she had done anonymously during her lifetime, assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York and is a tax-exempt, not-for-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 800 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $15 million to date. The foundation also says it "holds the exclusive rights and facilitates the licensing of her name and likeness throughout the world."
In 1965, Princess Grace accepted with pleasure the invitation to be an honorary member of La Leche League (a worldwide mother to mother support group that focuses on mothering through breastfeeding) and in 1971 was a speaker at their conference in Chicago, addressing 1400 mothers, 800 fathers and 800 babies. Princess Grace was a known advocate of breastfeeding, and successfully fed her 3 children.
Fashion While pregnant with her daughter Caroline in 1956, Kelly was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather handbag manufactured by Hermès. The purse, or Sac à dépêches, was likely a shield to prevent her pregnant abdomen from being exposed to the prying eyes of the paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that it would thereafter be known as the Kelly bag.
Kelly was inaugurated into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960.
Numerous exhibitions have been held of Kelly's life and clothing. The Philadelphia Museum of Art presented her wedding dress in a 2006 exhibition to mark the 50th anniversary of her marriage, and a retrospective of her wardrobe was held at London's Victoria and Albert Museum in 2010. The V&A exhibition continued in Australia at the Bendigo Art Gallery in 2012. This famous dress, seen around the world, took thirty five tailors six weeks to complete. An exhibition of her life as Princess of Monaco was held at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow in 2008 in conjunction with Monaco's Grimaldi Forum. In 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style" in recognition of her contributions to style and fashion.
After her death, Kelly's legacy as a fashion icon lived on. Modern designers, such as Tommy Hilfiger and Zac Posen, have cited her as a fashion inspiration. During her lifetime, she was known for introducing the "fresh faced" look, one that involved bright skin and natural beauty with little makeup. Her fashion legacy was even commemorated at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London, where an exhibit titled, "Grace Kelly: Style Icon" paid tribute to her impact on the world of fashion. The exhibit included 50 of her legendary ensembles. She is remembered for her "college-girl" everyday fashion, defined by her pulled-together yet simple look.
In 2016, Forbes included her on the list 10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous..
Rashin lafiyar Kelly In 1955, Kelly was photographed by Howell Conant in Jamaica. He photographed her without makeup in a naturalistic setting, a departure from the traditional portrayal of actresses. The resulting photographs were published in Collier's, with a celebrated photo of her rising from the water with wet hair making the cover. Following her marriage, Conant was the unofficial photographer to the House of Grimaldi and extensively photographed her, Rainier, and their three children. In 1992, Conant published Grace, a book of photographs that he took during her 26-year tenure as Princess of Monaco.
Kelly has been depicted by many pop artists including Andy Warhol and James Gill. Warhol made a portrait of her for the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia as a limited edition silkscreen in 1984.
Wani wurin A rose garden in Monaco's Fontvieille district is dedicated to the memory of Kelly. It was opened in 1984 by Rainier. She is commemorated in a statue by Kees Verkade in the garden, which features about 4,000 roses.
In 2003, the Henley Royal Regatta renamed the Women's Quadruple Sculls the "Princess Grace Challenge Cup." The Henley Stewards invited her to present the prizes at the 1981 regatta, expiating the ill will from her father's falling foul of its amateurism rules in 1920. Prince Albert presented the prizes at the 2004 regatta.
Gidan Iyayen Kelley A 2012, Kelly's childhood home was made a Pennsylvania historic landmark, and a historical marker was placed on the site. The home, located at 3901 Henry Avenue in the East Falls section of Philadelphia, was built by her father John B. Kelly Sr. in 1929. Grace lived in the home until 1950, and Prince Rainier III proposed to her there in 1955. The Kelly family sold the property in 1974.
Prince Albert of Monaco purchased the property, speculating that the home would be used either as museum space or as offices for the Princess Grace Foundation.
Kyautuka da gabatarwa Other Honors' Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (1960)
American Film Institute's 13th Top Female Stars of American Cinema (1999)
Girmamawa Girmamawa na ƙasa Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint-Charles
Girmamawa na ƙasashen waje Recipient of the Red Cross Medal
Egyptian Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Virtues, Special Class
Recipient of the Red Cross Medal
Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Beneficence
Iran Iranian Imperial Family: Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the 2,500 year Celebration of the Persian Empire
Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Solidarity
Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Dame of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Merit, Special Class
Grand Cross of the Order of Rubén Darío
Manazarta daga sanannun al'adu Coins da stamps In 1993, Kelly appeared on a U.S. postage stamp, released in conjunction with a Monaco postage stamp featuring her image on the same day.
To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Kelly's death, €2 commemorative coins were issued on July 1, 2007 with the "national" side bearing the image of her.
Fina-finai A 1983, a wani shirin American television film da aka kira da Grace Kelly focused on Kelly's early life was presented featuring Cheryl Ladd as Kelly and Ian McShane as Rainier.
Nicole Kidman portrayed Kelly in Grace of Monaco (2014), directed by Olivier Dahan. Reaction to the film was largely negative; many people, including the princely family of Monaco, felt it was overly dramatic, had historical errors, and lacked depth.
A season 6, na episode 20 of Once Upon a Time, Emma Swan wears a wedding dress that is highly similar to Grace Kelly's.
Waƙoƙi Kelly an ambace ta acikin lyrics na "Vogue" daga Madonna (1990).
Kelly's name is mentioned in the lyrics and title of "Grace Kelly" by MIKA (2007).
Kelly was also honored in the Piebald anthem, “Grace Kelly With Wings”. Kelly is mentioned as Princess Grace in Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire".
Kelly is mentioned in Grace Kelly Blues by the band, eels.
In the video game Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege, operator Grace "Dokkaebi" Nam is said to be named after Grace Kelly.
Duba kuma Manazarta Haɗin waje Grace Kelly Grace Kelly Grace Kelly Gidauniyar Princess Grace Amurka FBI Records: The Vault Grace Kelly a fbi.gov Tarihin Grace Kelly a britannica.com Fati alfarma Grace Kelly "High Society The Life of Grace Kelly Washington Post Nuwamba 15, 2009. Ganawar Princess Grace Of Monaco akan Rediyon BBC 4 Desert Island Discs'', Afrilu 24, 1981 Gimbiya Grace na Monaco ta yi hira da Vera Maxwell da John Touhey a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1978 ga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Musanya Pages with unreviewed |
61803 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdenour%20Boushaki | Abdenour Boushaki | Abdenour Boushaki (larabci: (an haife shi 27 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta alif 1972, a Thénia, Lardin Boumerdès, Kabylie, Algeria) malamin jami'a ne, ɗan siyasan Islama kuma mai fafutukar al'adu daga Aljeriya.
Iyali An haifi Boushaki a cikin 1972 a matsayin babban memba na dangin Morabite Argelina wanda ke zaune a cikin gundumar Thenia, zuwa gabashin lardin Argel.
Yana daga cikin zuriyar 18th na zuriyar al'adun musulmi na Maliki Sidi Boushaki (1394-1453) waɗanda suka zo ƙauyukan Soumâa, Meraldene, Tabrahimt da yankin da ke kusa da birnin Thénia.
Mahaifinta Boualem Boushaki kuma mahaifiyarta Melha Belhocine, rukunin iyalai na morabita da Chorfas da ke zaune a yankin Cablia.
Ilimi Boushaki ya samu karatun share fage ne daga wajen iyayensa, inda mahaifinsa Boualem Boushaki (1931-2003) ya cusa masa ilimin harsunan larabci da kur'ani mai tsarki, da kuma ilimin lissafi.
Kasancewar danginsa masu ilimi, da ’yan’uwansa maza da mata, sun ba shi damar koyon dabarun farko na ilimin gaba da sakandare a cikin yanayi mai daɗi na iyali mai wadatar ɗabi’a da ruhaniya.
Don haka tun yana karami ya kasance mai hazakar polyglot kuma mai iya furta yare na Aljeriya, Larabci na adabin Al-Qur'ani, Faransanci mai tsauri da ɗan Turancin fasaha da kiɗa, kuma hakan ya faru ne saboda tasirin kawun mahaifinsa Bouzid Boushaki (1935) -2023), wanda ya kasance babban mai karanta litattafai da adabin duniya.
Shigarsa a watan Satumba na 1978 zuwa makarantar firamare ta jima'i ga maza a Thénia wani muhimmin canji ne a rayuwarsa domin yana da 'yan mitoci kaɗan daga gidan danginsa, kuma wannan kusanci ya ba shi tabbacin kwanciyar hankali na ilimi wanda ke guje wa jinkirta safiya rashin hunturu.
Don haka Abdenour Boushaki ya ci gaba da karatunsa na farko na tsawon shekaru shida a jere, inda a kodayaushe ya kasance na farko a ajinsa, sai dai a lokuta biyu da ya kamu da rashin lafiya da kamuwa da cutar kyanda, sannan kuma abokin aikinsa Djamel Boucheneb ya zarce shi a matakin rarrabuwa.
Boushaki ya shiga cikin hazaka da nasara a jarrabawar makarantar firamare ta shekara ta shida, wacce aka yi a watan Yuni 1984 a makarantar maza ta Thénia, daidai da samar da lardin Boumerdès a lokacin rabon mulki da yankuna na watan Fabrairu 1984 da kuma mika mulki na gundumar Thénia na lardin Algiers zuwa sabuwar mazabar Boumerdès.
Wannan matashin dalibi ya sami maki 214 akan jimlar maki 220, ko kuma matsakaicin 19.45 20.00, akan wannan jarabawar makaranta da ake sha'awar, don haka ya sanya shi na farko a zamaninsa a duk makarantar Algiers Academy na Ilimi.
Sufismo Boushaki hizo kamfen na sabunta ruhi a Argelia ta hanyar gwagwarmayar watsa labarai tare da kawo karshen gyara zauía a Argelia na Sufismo a alamar hermandad Rahmaniyyah.
A yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban da ka'idojin zamantakewa don yada kyakkyawar fahimta da aiki da sufanci na daidaiku da na jama'a, ta hanyar zikiri da addu'a tare da daidaiton halayen da ake bukata a cikin yanayin zamantakewa.
Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki A halin yanzu Boushaki ya shiga aikin sake gina kogin Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki da ke wajen birnin Thenia, bayan da aka lalata shi a shekarar 1957 a lokacin yakin ‘yancin kai na Argelia.
An rubuta Este Proyecto a cikin Las Del Ministerio DE ASUNTOS Religiosos Y Dotaciones Para Revitalizar El Retorno a Lo Básico Mediante La Rehabilitación de las Zauías Destruidas por Franceses antes de la independencia a cikin 1962, así como la reapetura de otraa de otraa. shekaru goma na ta'addancin Salafawa.
Casi all the zaouias suffices de la tariqa rahamniyyah han reabierto sus puertas a la enseñanza en la lardin de Bumerdés, en este caso Zauía de Sidi Amar Cherif y Zauía de Sidi Boumerdassi, y queda que las tres zaouias esíelas de Sidi Boumerdassi Zauía de Sidi Salem da Zauía de Sidi Ghobrini cewa fatan zama reabiertas al público sufí da autético tan vinculado y anchored a cikin argina Islamic reference.
Motar bas din manyan filayen kasar Thenia na ci gaba kuma Abdenour Boushaki yana fuskantar matsin lamba daga jami'ai da wakilai don samun fili mai girman hekta biyar wanda zai iya gina gine-gine da gine-ginen wannan makarantar Islamiyya ta kakanni da aka gina a 1442 ta el Sidi Boushaki's teólogo después de regreso de son viaje iniciático al Machrek.
Duba kuma Sidi Boushaki
Brahim Boushaki
Malikiyya
Sufiyya
Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif
Manazarta
Hanyoyin waje Blogger: 13100546842055658963
Dailymotion: Abdenour Boushaki
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Tiktok: @boushaki1972
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Youtube: Abdenour Boushaki
Yanar Gizo "www.thenia.net" game da Thénia Yanar Gizo na farko "http://menerville.free.fr" game da "Ménerville da Thénia" kafin 1962
Yanar Gizo na Biyu "http://menerville2.free.fr" game da "Ménerville da Thénia" kafin 1962
Haifaffun 1972
Iyalin Boushaki
Musulmai
Rahmaniyya
Sufiyya
'Yan siyasa
Pages with unreviewed |
51094 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Blume | Judy Blume | Judy Blume (an haife ta a sha biyu ga febuwari a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas) marubuci Ba’amurke ne wanda ya kware a litattafai na yara da matasa. An haife ta kuma tana zaune a Elizabeth, New Jersey Ta yi, duk da haka, ta rubuta ƴan litattafai ga manya, kamar su Wifey ko Sisters of a Summer Ta kirkiri kananan labarai a cikin kanta, wanda har yanzu yana daya daga cikin ayyukan da ta fi so.
Tarihin Rayuwa An haifi Judy Blume a Elizabeth, New Jersey. mahaifiyarta, Esther (née Rosenfeld), matar gida ce, kuma mahaifintaa, Ralph Sussman, likitan hakori. Yayanta, David, ya girme ta da shekara biyar danginsa Bayahude ne Sana'ar ta Judy Blume na ɗaya daga cikin marubutan farko da suka rubuta litattafai ga matasa waɗanda suka magance batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar wariyar launin fata Gidan Iggie haila Allah, Kuna can). Ni ne, Margaret saki Ba ƙarshen duniya ba al'aura Tashi tsaye Sannan ban sani ba ko jima'i a cikin samari Har abada Magoya bayan Judy Blume sun yaba da ainihin ma'anar litattafanta, da barkwanci da take watsawa a cikinsu, da kuma ƙin kusanci batutuwan ɗabi'a a cikin sauƙi. Daidai yadda ta yi da gangan game da irin waɗannan batutuwa masu mahimmanci ne ya sa ta zama mai yawan cin zarafi a Amurka, da ɗakunan karatu na makaranta da kuma mambobi na addini. Ko a yau, littattafansa sun ci gaba da tabka cece-kuce a wasu makarantu. A gaskiya ma, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka ta ba da rahoton cewa Har abada shine littafi 8 mafi rikici a cikin ɗakunan karatu a lokacin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in Tana ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da aka fi tantancewa akai-akai wanda ya kai shi ga fitar da tarin labaran labarai masu jigogi Wuraren da Ban taɓa nufin zama: Labarun Asali na Marubuta Censored Bayan buga litattafai masu yawa ga matasa, Judy Blume ta zaɓi kusanci fiction na manya, tare da nasara, tunda litattafanta mata da Sisters of a Summer sun sayar da kwafi miliyan hudu da miliyan uku bi da bi.
A cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da shida, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amirka ta ba wa marubuciyar kyautar lambar yabo ta Margaret A. Edwards don Gudunmawa ga Adabi ga Matasa Ita ma ta karba a Afrilu shekara ta dubu biyu daga "Library of Congress" lambar yabo don babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga al'adun gargajiya na Amurka A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da shida, Judy Blume ta sami Medal don Babban Gudunmawa ga Adabin Amurka daga Gidauniyar Littattafai ta Kasa Littattafanta 25 sun sami lambobin yabo da yawa Ref. so Labarai The One in the Middle Is the Green Kangaroo
Iggie's house
Dieu, tu es là<span typeof="mw:DisplaySpace" id="mwTg"> </span>? C'est moi, Margaret (Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret.)
Et puis j'en sais rien (Then Again, Maybe I Won't)
Freckle Juice
Ce n'est pas la fin du monde (It's Not the End of the World)
C'est dur à supporter (Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing)
SuperSheila (Otherwise Known as Sheila the Great)
Tiens-toi droite (Deenie)
The Pain and the Great One
Pour toujours (Forever)
Starring Sally J. Freedman as Herself
Wifey
Le Roi des casse-pieds (Superfudge)
Œil de Tigre (Tiger Eyes)
The Judy Blume Diary
Smart Women
Letters to Judy: What Kids Wish They Could Tell You
Trois Amies (Just as Long as We're Together)
La Mousse-manie (Fudge-a-Mania)
Tiens bon, Rachel (Here's to You, Rachel Robinson)
Sœurs d'un été (Summer Sisters)
Mon frère adore l'argent (et son perroquet) (Double Fudge)
Un exposé fatal (Blubber)
Reflets de femmes
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
26417 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamsuddeen%20Usman | Shamsuddeen Usman | Department5Shamsuddeen Usman
Department4Shamsuddeen Usman
Shamsuddeen Usman, CON, OFR (an haifishi a ranar 18 ga watan Satumba shekarata 1949 a jihar Kano, Nigeria masanin tattalin arziƙin Najeriya ne, ma'aikacin banki kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban SUSMAN Associates, kamfanin tuntuba na tattalin arziki, kuɗi da gudanarwa wanda ke da hedikwata a Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance Ministan Kudi na Najeriya tsakanin watan Yuni shekarata 2007 da watan Janairu shekarata 2009 kuma ya kuma rike mukamin Ministan Tsare -Tsare na kasa daga watan Janairu shekarata 2009 zuwa watan Satumba shekarata 2013. Ya kuma kasance mai kula da Kulawa da Aiwatar da waɗannan tsare -tsaren Ci Gaban Ƙasa, Asusun Ƙaddamar da Ƙasashen Turai (EDF) Takardar Ƙasashen Ƙasa (CSP) da Shirin Nuna Ƙasa (NIP). A matsayinsa na Ministan Tsare -Tsare na kasa, shi ma yana kula da Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa, Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Ci Gaban da Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya (NISER).
Ya wakilci Najeriya a matsayin Gwamna a Hukumar Gudanarwar Bankin Duniya da Asusun Lamuni na Duniya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Tarayya, Majalisar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa da Majalisar Kasa kan mallakar kadarori. Shi ne Minista na farko da ya fara bayyana kadarorinsa a bainar jama'a kafin ya fara aiki a matsayin jami'in gwamnati, lamarin da ake ganin alama ce ta nuna gaskiya da rikon amana a kasar da aka santa da yawan cin hanci da rashawa..
Bayan Fage An haifi Usman a unguwar Warure Quarters dake jihar Kano. Mahaifinsa, malamin addinin Islama, ya rasu yana ɗan shekara shida. Ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta Dandago. Bayan halartar makarantar sakandare a babbar Kwalejin Gwamnati Keffi da Kwalejin King, Legas, ya sami BSc. a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, Najeriya. Daga baya ya ci nasarar samun gurbin karatu na kasa don yin karatun MSc. da PhD a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London tsakanin shekarar 1977 zuwa shekarar 1980. Digirinsa na PhD ya kasance kan "Tallafin Haraji da Zuba Jari a Masana'antar Mai ta Najeriya". A cikin shekaru biyu na farko a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar koyarwa a aji na ƙarshe a cikin Kudin Jama'a Farkon aiki Daga shekarar 1974 zuwa shekarar 1976, Usman ya yi aiki a matsayin Jami’in Tsare -tsare na Ma’aikatar Tsare -Tsare ta Jihar Kano. Ya koyar da Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Kudin Jama'a a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Jami'ar Bayero Kano da Jami'ar Jos tsakanin shekarar 1976 zuwa shekarar 1981. Ya kasance mai kula da Bankin Raya Masana'antu na Najeriya (NIDB) sannan ya zama Daraktan Kasafin Kudi/Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki na Gwamnatin Jihar Kano tsakanin shekarar 1981 zuwa shekarar 1983. Daga nan aka naɗa shi Babban Manaja na Bankin NAL Merchant (a halin yanzu Bankin Sterling Tasirin Keɓantarwa da Kasuwanci a Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya Daga shekarar 1989 zuwa shekarar 1991 Usman yayi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta janar na Kwamitin Fasaha kan Keɓancewa da Sadarwa, wanda yanzu shine Ofishin Kamfanonin Jama'a. Ya kasance da alhakin Phase I na shirin tare da umarni zuwa kyautatuwa da jama'a Enterprises, a matsayin na game da m bangaren na kasa da kasa Asusun bada lamuni -led Tsarin gyara Shirin (SAP), wanda aka fara a shekara ta 1986.
A karkashin kulawar sa, kusan kamfanoni 88 na gwamnati ko dai an cika su ko kuma an raba su ba tare da taimakon fasaha na kasashen waje ba. Shirin ya yi nasarar yayewa gwamnati babban ɗimbin kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen tallafa wa kamfanonin gwamnati, ta rage girman ikon sarrafa gwamnati ta hanyar sake fasalin matsayin ma'aikatun da ke sa ido, ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin masu hannun jari da zurfafa da faɗaɗa Babban Birnin Najeriya. Kasuwa zuwa matsayin kasancewa mafi ci gaba a cikin baƙar fata na Afirka. Babban darajar kasuwar hada -hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya (NSE) inda aka sayar da hannayen jarin ya karu daga N8.9 biliyoyin a shekarar 1987 (kafin mallakar gwamnati) zuwa N65.5 biliyan a 1994 (bayan Phase-I). Ba za a iya ƙara jaddada tasirin tasirin hannun jarin da aka saki a kasuwa ba ta hanyar gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, TCPC ta zama Ofishin Kamfanonin Jama'a (BPE) na yanzu a 1993. Mataki na-I na pravatisation gaba ɗaya ya haifar da ingantaccen Ayyuka na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, wanda hakan ya haifar da haɓaka ƙimar harajin kamfanoni wanda ya hau kan baitul malin ƙasa, tsakanin sauran fa'idodi da yawa. An sayar da hannun jari da kadarori sama da N3.7 biliyan kamar yadda aka samu halattacciyar kasuwanci daga cinikin kamfanoni 55 wanda jarin jarinsu na asali bisa ga bayanan Ma'aikatar Inshorar Kuɗi (MOFI) ya kai N652. miliyan. Wannan yana wakiltar kasa da kashi 2% na jimlar darajar jarin Gwamnatin Tarayya kamar a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1990 wanda ya kai N36 biliyan. Siyarwa ta musamman ta faɗaɗa ikon mallakar hannun jari a Najeriya. Ta hanyar rage dogaro da kamfanonin gwamnati ga gwamnati don samun kuɗaɗe, shirin mallakar kamfanoni ya ƙarfafa sabbin saka hannun jari a kamfanoni da sassan da abin ya shafa. Sabuwar ikon cin gashin kai na waɗannan kamfanoni da 'yantar da su daga katsalandan na siyasa a cikin gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun ya kuma inganta ingancin ayyukan waɗannan kamfanonin da ke ba su damar kasuwanci da ayyukansu, ɗaukar samfuran kasuwancin kamfanoni masu inganci da ingantattun hanyoyin aiki. Raba hannun jarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya taimaka matuka wajen bunƙasa bunƙasar Babban Kasuwar Najeriya kuma ya taimaka wajen zurfafa da faɗaɗa shi.
Banki An fara farautar Usman don zama babban darakta na Bankin United Bank for Africa mai kula da Bankin Duniya da Zuba Jari a 1992. Wannan ya haɗa da kula da reshen New York kai tsaye. Bayan haka, Union Bank of Nigeria ya nada shi a 1993 a matsayin babban darakta kuma shugaban Bankin Kamfanoni da Banki na Duniya. Lokacinsa a Union Bank bai daɗe ba yayin da NAL Merchant Bank ya ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta da babban jami'i a 1994, mukamin da ya riƙe sama da shekaru biyar. Ya kuma kasance mamba a kwamitin hangen nesa na 2010 A dawowar mulkin dimokradiyya a Najeriya a 1999, an nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) mai kula da Manufofin Kudi da Banki na cikin gida, wanda daga baya aka sanya masa suna Kula da Bangaren Kudi. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin jagorantar Project Eagles, shirin kawo sauyi na CBN, wanda ke da alhakin sauya kungiyar zuwa daya daga cikin cibiyoyi masu inganci, masu inganci da manufa a Najeriya. Daga Janairu 2004 zuwa Yuni 2007 ya kasance Mataimakin Gwamna mai kula da Daraktocin Ayyuka da ke kula da Daraktocin Ayyuka. Daga 2005, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba sannan kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kamfanin Tsaro na Kamfanin Tsaro na Najeriya (NSPMC) wanda aka fi sani da "Mint". A cikin wannan rawar, ya kula da gabatar da bayanan N500 da N1000 da sake tsara Mint ɗin zuwa kamfani mafi riba tare da ingantaccen aiki. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kasuwar Hannayen Jari ta Abuja, Bankin Fitar da Shigo da Kayayyaki na Najeriya (NEXIM) da Cibiyar Horar da Cibiyoyin Kudi. Ya kuma kasance memba na Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya (NES) kuma ya taba zama Shugaban Kungiyar tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1987. Ya kuma kasance mamba a kwamitin hukumar raya tattalin arzikin Afirka da bankin shigo da kaya na Afirka Aikin minista An nada Usman a matsayin Ministan Kudin Najeriya daga May 2007 zuwa Janairu 2009. A cikin wannan rawar, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tattalin Arziki kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Ƙasa kan Keɓancewa Usman ya bullo da wani tsari na kasafin kudi na aiki kuma ya bi sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki daban-daban kamar rage matsakaicin lokacin Share tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Najeriya daga kusan watanni 2 zuwa kusan kwanaki 14 a lokacin mulkinsa; kara girma, amana da ingancin bangaren inshora tare da bin aiwatar da dokar Inshora; sokewa ba bisa ka’ida da rangwame ba wanda ya haifar da zubewar kudaden shiga sama da 2 biliyan; rage bashin da ake bin Najeriya a waje; da sauƙaƙe cajin kwastam da cajin babban birnin kasuwa ga masu aiki don haɓaka yanayi mai fa'ida kuma mara matsala don saka hannun jari a cikin tattalin arziƙi. UA lokutan da shugaban kasa Umaru Musa Yar'Adua ya gabatar da kasafin kudin gwamnati ga Majalisar kasa, Usman bai ji dadin kyakkyawar dangantaka da wasu 'yan Majalisar Dattawa da na Majalisar kamar su duka ba, a kowane lokaci lokacin shirye -shiryen kasafin kudin, suna matsa lamba don kara kashe kudaden gwamnati ba tare da son Usman ba, musamman yadda Al'umma ke fama da raguwar kudaden shigar mai. Usman ya yi ikirarin dalilin hakan shi ne cewa Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya ba shi da ikon ɗaukar wannan ƙarin kashe kuɗi, idan aka yi la’akari da tushen samun kudaden shiga da kuma don magance hauhawar farashin kaya da rage cin hanci da rashawa da aiwatar da ba daidai ba kamar yadda a cikin Wutar Lantarki a lokacin gwamnatin Obasanjo wannan ya kamata a kauce masa. Usman ya dora alhakin karancin aiwatar da kasafin kudin na 2008 wani bangare na jinkirin da Majalisar ta yi wajen amincewa da kasafin, sanarwar da 'yan Majalisar suka nuna rashin jin dadin ta. A cikin shirya kasafin 2007 (kasafin kuɗi), 2008 (ƙaddamarwa) da na 2009, Usman ya kuma gabatar da tsarin kasafin kuɗi wanda ya dogara da Tsarin Ci gaban Matsakaici sabanin ɓataccen kasafin kuɗi na shekara wanda ya nuna daidaituwa dangane da tsare -tsaren ci gaban ƙasa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kamar yadda aka yi aikata a baya.
Hakazalika ga Trevor Manuel, tsohon Ministan Kudi na Afirka ta Kudu, an nada Usman a matsayin minista/mataimakin shugaban kwamitin tsare -tsare na kasa na Najeriya kuma a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Kula da Najeriya Vision 2020 a cikin Janairu 2009. A cikin wannan rawar, yana da alhakin Tsarin Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Al'umma ta hanyar tsara Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki/Manufa na Zamani, Tsarin Kasa na Tsawon Lokaci Nigeria Vision 2020 da aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Kudi don saita gaba ɗaya Manufofin kasafin shekara-shekara (Tsarin gajeren lokaci). Sanusi Lamido Sanusi ya ambace shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka yi babban tasiri ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya da gudummawar da suka bayar a wannan lokacin zai taimaka wajen rage koma bayan tattalin arzikin da ake ciki a yanzu. Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Shugaban Kasa kan rikicin kuɗi na duniya.
Ministan tsare -tsare na kasa (Janairu 2009 zuwa Satumba 2013) A matsayin Ministan tsare -tsare na kasa, Usman: Ya ƙirƙiri daftarin Nigeria Vision 2020 tare da shigar da bayanai daga masu ruwa da tsaki iri -iri (misali Matasa, Jihohi, Mata, Injiniyoyi, Naƙasassu)
Dabarun Ƙasa don Ci gaban Ƙididdiga wanda shine samar da bayanai don tsara ƙasa
Ya samar da tsarin kasa wanda za a yi amfani da shi don kimanta ayyukan Ma’aikatu, Sashe da Hukumomi
Kimanta ajandar mai maki 7 da sauran manufofin gwamnati
Tsarin aiwatarwa na shekaru huɗu don daftarin Vision 2020
Tsarin kashe kudi na matsakaicin lokaci wanda aka dora kasafin kasa a kai
Asusun Dukiyar Najeriya A shekarun baya kafin shekarar 2008, Najeriya ta ci gajiyar hauhawar farashin man fetur, wanda hakan ya ba gwamnati damar tara kudaden da suka wuce gona da iri da kuma kashe kudaden gwamnati. Duk da haka, Usman ya gano cewa farashin man volatility shirya kai sosai high kasada to girma a Najeriya ta mai dogara da tattalin arziki, da kuma irin tura domin kafa wani sarki dũkiya asusu, wanda zai yi aiki a dogon lokaci ceton gidauniya domin nan gaba da kuma a matsayin asusu na ci gaba don ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi An yi niyyar yin kama da Asusun Fensho na Gwamnati na Norway A ka’ida, an tara kudaden shiga da suka wuce kima (watau, ainihin kudaden shiga da aka kasa samun kuɗaɗen shiga na kasafin kuɗi) a cikin asusun danyen mai, don hana ɗimbin tattalin arziƙi, kodayake kamar yadda babu wani tsarin doka don gudanar da asusu mai yawa-: Duk da haka kamar yadda babu doka tsari na asusun danyen mai kuma babu wani umarni da za a yi amfani da shi azaman tsararraki masu zuwa, kamar yadda Asusun Arziki Mai Girma ya zama dole don haɓaka inganci a cikin gudanar da ajiyar ƙasar. Ya kafa Kwamitin Fasaha na Shugaban Kasa kan Kafa Asusun Arzikin Masarautar Najeriya, wanda ya mika rahotonsa ga Majalisar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa da Shugaban kasa. Duk da haka, saboda canjin wurin aiki kai tsaye zuwa Ma'aikatar Tsare -Tsare na Kasa, bai sami damar sanya ido kan kafa Asusun Maɗaukakin Sarki kai tsaye ba.
Binciken minista Bayan rusa majalisar ministocin da mukaddashin shugaban kasa na wancan lokacin, Goodluck Jonathan ya yi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Usman yana daya daga cikin mutane tara da aka sake zaba don zama minista a sabuwar majalisar ministocin cikin jimillar arba'in da biyu. Hakan ya faru ne saboda rashin tsaka tsaki kan batutuwan siyasa da kyakkyawar alakar aiki da mukaddashin shugaban. Duk da haka, sake zabar Usman ba ‘yan jam’iyyar PDP reshen jihar Kano ba ne suka yi masa kallon mai kyau, saboda suna ganin Usman masanin fasaha ne ba dan siyasa ba, kuma a matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki na Jam’iyyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jama’a a Jihar Kano. Wannan ya haifar da roƙon siyasa daga ƙungiyoyin masu sha'awar don hana nadin nasa. A sakamakon haka, ya bayyana cewa Majalisar Dokoki ta jinkirta tantance shi kuma zuwa washegari, jaridun yankin suna ba da rahoton cewa an sauke shi daga mukamin Minista saboda muradun siyasa da ya saba wa nadinsa a matsayin Technocrat. Sai dai kuma, a safiyar wannan rahoton na jaridar, Usman shi ne na farko da Majalisar Dattawa ta tantance inda ya amsa tambayoyi iri -iri kan tattalin arziki, kuma ya amsa tambayoyi kan ayyukansa a matsayin Ministan Kudi da Tsare -Tsaren Kasa. A nan ne ya yi shahararrun maganganunsa kan yaƙe -yaƙensa da mafia na tattalin arziki a Najeriya waɗanda ke lalata ikon samar da kudaden shiga na gwamnati. Nayi kasa-kasa da kungiyoyin mafia da yawa; nayi kasa da kungiyan mafia ta ma'aikatar customs, nayi kasa da hargitsin ma'aikatar haraji ta wannan kasan wadanda suka kasance sune ke tsotse duka harajin kasan nan. Kowa ya san kungiyar dana kafa karkashin Senator Udoma ta ceto ma kasan nan biliyoyin kudade a naira. Nayi dauki ba dadi da kungiyar mafia ta hada hadan mai; I fafata da harkokin shige da fice na wannan kasan gaba daya saboda ina kokarin ganin an samu awa 48 na cikakken tantancewa
Kyautatawa Usman shi ne shugaba kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Kano Peace and Development Initiative (KAPEDI), kungiyar 'yan asalin jihar Kano da ta damu da kokarin sake gina zaman lafiya da tattalin arzikin jihar Kano, musamman bayan rikicin addini a 2004.
Ya kuma fara Gidauniyar Alheri, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a unguwar Garangamawa da ke birnin Kano wanda ke ba da horon bunkasa ayyukan dan adam ga matasa tare da gudanar da wasu ayyukan alheri a jihar.
Kyaututtuka Wannan Ministan na Shekara na 2007
Kyautar Bankin Vanguard: Icon na Banki Abokin girmamawa, Cibiyar Bankunan Najeriya (Charter Institute of Bank of Nigeria (CIBN) Shugabannin 50 na ThisDay Gobe (2004) Aboki, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya
Wuri na 3 wanda ya lashe Gasar John F. Kennedy Essay Competition (1969)
Abokin aiki, Society for Corporate Governance Nigeria
Nassoshi Pages with unreviewed |
51212 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Network%20Server | Apple Network Server | Sabar hanyar sadarwa ta Apple (ANS) layin kwamfutocin uwar garken PowerPC ne, wanda Apple Computer Inc ya ƙera,ƙera shi kuma ya sayar daga Fabrairu 1996 zuwa Afrilu 1997.An sanya masa suna "Shiner"kuma asalinsa ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu, Sabar Network 500/132 ("Shiner LE",watau "low-end") da kuma Network Server 700/150 ("Shiner HE", watau "high".-end") wanda ya sami samfurin aboki,Sabar hanyar sadarwa 700/200 (kuma "Shiner HE") tare da CPU mai sauri a cikin Nuwamba 1996.
Injin ba sashe ne na layin kwamfutoci na Apple Macintosh ba, an tsara su ne don gudanar da tsarin aiki na IBM's AIX kuma ROM ɗinsu na musamman ya hana yin booting classic Mac OS. Wannan ya sa su zama kwamfutocin tebur na ƙarshe waɗanda Apple ba na Macintosh ba. An sayar da 500/132,700/150, da 700/200 a kasuwar Amurka akan dala 11,000,$15,000 da $19,000,bi da bi.
Sabbin sabar hanyar sadarwa ta Apple ba za su ruɗe da Apple Workgroup Servers da Macintosh Servers ba,waɗanda wuraren aiki ne na Macintosh,waɗanda ke jigilar su tare da software na uwar garken,kuma suna amfani da Mac OS.Banda shi kaɗai,Ƙungiyar Aiki 95-a Quadra 950,tare da ƙarin mai sarrafa SCSI wanda aka aika tare da A/UX,kuma yana iya tafiyar da Mac OS.Apple ba shi da kwatankwacin kayan aikin sabar a cikin jeri na samfuran su har sai an gabatar da Xserve a cikin 2002.
An danganta ɗan gajeren lokacin samfurin ga manyan matsalolin kuɗi a Apple a farkon 1997,shugaba Gil Amelio,ya soke duka Sabar hanyar sadarwa da OpenDoc a cikin taro ɗaya kamar yadda aka ƙaddara cewa ba su da fifiko.
Hardware Kayan aikin Apple,Network Server ya kamata ya dogara ne akan sabon ƙirar Allon tunani na musamman ga samfurin.A lokacin haɓaka kayan aikin,Apple ya watsar da ƙirar babban allo na asali saboda dalilan da ba a tabbatar da su ba,Domin ci gaba da jigilar samfurin, Apple ya yi gyare-gyare zuwa Power Macintosh 9500 loggic board da ROM (kulle duk kiran Mac OS),kuma ya tura AIX zuwa sabon kayan aiki.Ko yana da alaƙa da canjin kayan masarufi ko ta daidaituwa, Apple kuma ya watsar da NetWare akan haɓaka PowerPC(lambar suna:Wormhole) a wannan lokacin.Tsarin Allon ma'ana na gaba ɗaya,da alama yana ba da shawarar kusancin dangantaka da tsarin RS/6000 na tushen PowerPC ta IBM,waɗanda kuma an tsara su don gudanar da AIX. A gefe guda kuma,yawancin abubuwan da aka gyara na Allo musamman, Open Firmware boot ROM, suna kama da Allon "Tsunami"da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Power Macintosh 9500,da wasu Macintosh clones.
Yayin da tsarin da'ira na Apple Network Server(ANS) na iya kama da tsarin RS/6000,a hankali da kuma zahiri yana kusan kama da Power Macintosh 9500 (PM9500),kodayake yana aiki da firmware daban-daban, kuma wanda ke da takamaiman manufa ta musamman aiki.
An fara daga babban matakin bas da aiki ƙasa a cikin jerin motocin bas,a saman matakin shine bas ɗin CPU, tare da mai sarrafa Hammerhead(Apple Part# 343S1190),Wanda kuma ana samunsa akan PM9500.CPU kamar yadda aka ambata,
shine PowerPC 604 ko 604. Gadar motar bas-zuwa-PCI na bas ɗin masu sarrafa Bandit ne (343S0020).Dukansu ANS da PM9500 suna da masu sarrafa Bandit guda biyu,da bas ɗin PCI guda biyu daban. Duk na'urori a matakin bas ɗin CPU iri ɗaya ne,tsakanin ANS da PM9500.A duka tsarin,biyu ana ba da agogon Bus na CPU ta katin CPU mai cirewa.Koyaya,akan ma'aunin agogon ANS wanda ke raba agogon tsarin don duk na'urorin Bus na CPU yana kan allon dabaru,yayin da akan PowerMac9500,buffer agogon yana kan katin CPU.
Masu kula da layin bayanan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,sun bambanta akannANS daga waɗanda ke kanPM9500, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙarin tallafi don ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Masu kula da layin bayanan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ANS sune343S1161,maimakon343S1141 kamar akan PM9500.Koyaya,tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya iri ɗaya ne tare da bankuna biyu na ramukan DIMM da goyan baya don jujjuyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,lokacin da ramukan da suka dace a bankuna daban-daban sun ƙunshi DIMMs nemo wa iri ɗaya.ANS tana da ramukan DIMM ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya guda takwas,maimakonPM9500's goma sha biyu,amma sauran injunan Hammerhead kamar PM8500 kuma suna ɗaukar ramukan DIMM ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya takwas kawai.
A kan bas ɗin PCI,kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ANS tana amfani da gadar Bandit PCI,kamar yaddaPM9500 ke yi.Masu sasantawar bas na PCI suma iri ɗaya ne(343S0182).Masu sasantawar bas ɗin suna karɓar sigina na Bus ɗin Bus na PCI kuma suna ba da siginar Tallafin Bus zuwa ramukan PCI da guntuwar gadar PCI (Bandit).
Manajan katsewa,da mai kula da hukumar dabaru ma iri daya ne.Dukansu suna amfani da Grand Central(343S1125).Grand Central, na'ura ce akan bas ɗin PCI.
A bas ɗin PCI,ANS sassan hanyoyi tare daPM9500 ta hanyoyi kaɗan.ANS tana da kwakwalwan kwamfuta guda biyu na53C825A SCSI tare da goyan bayan ayyukan Fast&Wide SCSI,waɗanda ba sa cikinPM9500.Waɗannan kowanne yana bayyana azaman na'urar PCI daban akan bas ɗin PCI. ANS kuma tana ƙara mai sarrafa bidiyo na Cirrus Logic 54M30 azaman ƙarin na'urar PCI.
A cikin duka ANS na da na'urorin PCI guda uku waɗandaPM9500 ya rasa.Hakanan an tsara ramukan PCI na ANS daban.A kanPM9500,Grand Central da na farko guda uku na PCI suna samun goyan bayan Bandit1.Sauran ramukan PCI guda uku suna goyon bayan Bandit 2. A kan ANS,Grand Central,kwakwalwan kwamfuta na53C825A SCSI guda biyu,mai sarrafa bidiyo na 54M30 da manyan ramukan PCI guda biyu suna tallafawa Bandit1.Sauran ramukan PCI guda huɗu suna tallafawa ta Bandit 2.Wasu na iya samun ban sha'awa cewa wannan na'urori shida da Bandit1 ke goyan bayan) sun tabbatar da cewa Bandit PCI Bridge da guntu masu yanke hukunci na iya kai tsaye (babu gadar PCI-PCI da ake buƙata) tallafawa aƙalla na'urorin PCI guda shida da aka ba da tallafin firmware daidai.
Komawa ƙasa gaba a cikin matsayi,Grand Central guntu wani nau'in bas ne na I/O don na'urorin allo na dabaru daban-daban.Dukansu ANS da PM9500 suna amfani da guntu CURIO AM79C950,ɓangaren al'ada daga AMD don tallafawa tashar jiragen ruwa,jinkirin 5 Mbit/s, 53C94/96 tushen SCSI bas da 10Mbit/s ethernet.Mai sarrafa floppy SWIM shima na gama gari ne ga injinan biyu kuma an haɗa su ta guntuwar Grand Central. ANS ba ta da guntuwar MESH SCSI 53CF94/6 da aka samu Apple SCSI guntu wanda ke kanPM9600 kuma yana goyan bayan bas ɗin Fast SCSI na ciki.
Grand Central yana ba da tallafi ga katsewar tsarin goma sha ɗaya.A kan duka Macintosh da ANS,kowane ramin PCI yana ƙunshe da layin katsewa guda ɗaya kawai har zuwa huɗu da ke goyan bayan ƙayyadaddun PCI.Taswirar katse ta bambanta a cikin injinan guda biyu,kuma wannan yana wakiltar dalilin da yasa sakaPM9500 koPM9600 ROM a cikin ANS ba zai ƙyale injin yayi taho ba.Firmware yana tsammanin wasu katsewa suyi daidai da wasu abubuwan da suka faru,amma siginar katse yana haɗa ta jiki zuwa wata na'ura daban fiye da yadda firmware ke tsammani.
ANS 500/132 yana amfani da PowerPC 604 CPU wanda aka rufe a 132.MHz,kuma ANS 700/150 suna da CPU iyali iri ɗaya amma an rufe su a 150MHz.Dukansu suna da cache na L1 na 32kB.ANS 700/200 yana da ƙarin ci gaba PowerPC 604e wanda aka rufe a 200MHz.tare da cache na L1 na 64kB.An saka cache na L2 na ANS akan SIMM,tare da daidaitaccen girman 512.kB na 500 da 1MB na 700s.Kowane ANS na iya samun 1MB cache katin da aka dace. Gudun bas ɗin tsarin shine 44MHz don 500,da 50MHz don 700s ko kowane ANS wanda 200 ya kasance an saka katin processor na MHz.Kwamitin dabaru na ANS yana da ramummuka guda takwas na 168-pin DIMM paraty RAM tare da hudu daga cikinsu kyauta (tare da matsakaicin adadin 512).MB na RAM da aka ƙayyade).An aika da ANS 500/132 tare da 32an shigar da MB na RAM (4 8MB 60ns parity DIMMs wanda IBM ke ƙera) da ANS 700/150 da ANS 700/200 da aka jigilar su tare da 48MB (2 16 MB 60 ns 2 8 MB daidaitattun DIMMs kuma IBM ne ke ƙerawa).Don duk dalilai masu amfani,matsakaicin daidaitawar RAM shine 4 128 MB daidaitattun DIMMs (512MB, duka) ko 8 64 MB daidaitattun DIMMs (kuma 512MB total). Injin ba zai POST ba (watau, ba zai wuce Power -o n System Test) idan sama da 512an shigar da MB.Wannan cikakken hani ne da aka gina a cikin ROM-DIMM na injin. Idan ko da RAM DIMM guda ɗaya ba ta da alaƙa,to ana kashe duban daidaito ga duk RAM,a cikin wannan yanayin 70.ns RAM DIMMs karbu ne.FPM ko EDO RAM DIMMs ana karɓa,a kowane tsari,kamar yadda injin ke ɗaukar EDO RAM DIMMs azaman FPM RAM DIMMs.
Duk Sabar hanyar sadarwa tana da babban tashoshi biyu na Wide SCSI -2 mai sarrafawa kunkuntar, zuwa drive ɗin CD-ROM,da duk wani rumbun kwamfyuta waɗanda aka shigar tare da kayan haɗin Apple Narrow SCSI-2) na waje 25-pin. SCSI-1 mai haɗawa da daidaitaccen 1.44MB "SuperDrive"floppy.Akwai ramummuka guda shida na PCI kyauta don faɗaɗa-ɓangarorin da aka tallafawa ƙarƙashin AIX sun haɗa da katunan Ethernet guda biyu da katin SCSI RAID Sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun haɗa da tashar ADB ɗaya,tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu da tashar AAUI ɗaya.Ba kamar sauran kwamfutocin Apple na zamanin ba,ANS na amfani da mai haɗin VGA don bidiyo na kan-board;an haɗa adaftar don nunin Apple.
Wani bangare na musamman na Apple Network Servers shi ne lamarinsu,Yana da cikakken kullewa kuma yana da sauƙin isa,yana ɗauke da ƙaramin LCD don tantancewa,kuma gabansa yana da ramukan na'urori guda bakwai,tare da CD-ROM da rumbun kwamfutarka guda ɗaya a ciki a cikin su. daidaitaccen tsari.Za'a iya ƙara ƙarin nau'ikan rumbun kwamfutarka na SCSI masu zafi-zafi ko madaidaicin tef ɗin DAT zuwa ramummuka kyauta. Optionally,ANS 700 kuma yana goyan bayan raƙuman samar da wutar lantarki da zazzagewar zafi da ɗigon tuƙi na ciki don ƙarin ƙayyadaddun fayafai guda biyu.Shari'ar tana da girma kuma mai nauyi,a tsayin nisa na zurfin da nauyi fiye da,tare da madaidaicin nauyi dangane da ƙayyadaddun kayan by aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa yayin da yake kusa da faɗin dama don rakodin inch 19,yana buƙatar aƙalla rak14 a tsayi.Nau'in ƙira na uku a cikin ƙaramin akwati-Mount ba tare da babban faifan faifai ba,Sabar hanyar sadarwa300 lambar mai suna "Deep Dish"kamar a cikin babban tasa pizza,bai taɓa wucewa matakin samfurin ba.Hakanan a cikin haɓakawa amma ba a taɓa sakin su ba katunan CPU waɗanda ke nuna CPUs biyu.Power Macintosh 9500 katunan CPU,waɗanda ke akwai tare da masu sarrafawa biyu,basu dace da ANS ba.
Ana iya haɓaka ANS500/132 zuwa ANS500/200 ta shigar da200 Katin kayan masarufi na MHz. Yana yiwuwa a haɓaka ANS500 zuwa ANS700 ko kuma rage darajar ANS700 zuwa ANS500 kawai ta hanyar musanya maɓallin wutar lantarki da PSU(s),amma ya zama dole a wargaza tushen ANS gaba ɗaya don cim ma irin wannan haɓakawa ko raguwa.ANS700 yana da haɗin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya,kodayake yana iya samun PSUs masu zaman kansu.Koyaya,ana iya jujjuya ANS700 cikin sauƙi zuwa tsarin daidaitawar wutar lantarki biyu ikon farko mai zaman kansa,mai yuwuwa, da kuma buƙatu,daga bangarori daban-daban na wutar lantarki,wanda mai yuwuwar samun goyan bayan wutar lantarki mara yankewa ta hanyar cire mai haɗa wutar lantarki ta IEC da jiki ta hanyar lantarki tana haɗa igiyoyin shigar da wutar lantarki guda biyu, ɗaya zuwa kowane PSUs masu yawa.Koyaya, wannan canjin yana da yuwuwar ɓata lissafin UL na injin. Duk da haka,irin wannan gyare-gyare na iya aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin sakewa na N+1 na ANS700s.
Software An sayar da Sabar hanyar sadarwa ta musamman tare da AIX,a cikin wani nau'i mai suna AIX don Apple Network Servers tare da wasu siffofi na Apple,kamar ayyukan AppleShare, ya kara da cewa; bita guda biyu,4.1.4 da 4.1.5,akwai.An riga an dakatar da bambancin Unix na Apple A/UX kuma baya goyan bayan PowerPC. Saboda kamannin AIX OS da kayan masarufi,Sabar hanyar sadarwa yawanci binary sun dace da jerin RS/6000.Koyaya aikace-aikacen da suka dogara da farkon RS/6000's POWER2 processor da Micro Channel bas ba su dace da ANS's PowerPC,CPU da PCI bas.
Yayin haɓaka samfurin,Apple ya gwada nau'ikan alpha na Novell NetWare don PowerPC. Kusan lokaci guda kayan aikin sun canza,aikin NetWare ya daina sabuntawa kuma daga baya aka watsar da shi.Apple ya gwada kuma ya samar da iyakatattun lambobi na ROM SIMM waɗanda ke tallafawa Windows NT don PowerPC akan Sabar hanyar sadarwa500da700.
A matsayin madadin AIX yana yiwuwa,kodayake rikitarwa, shigar da PowerPC Linux ko NetBSD akan ANS. Yana yiwuwa,tare da samfurin Macintosh ROMs,don kunna Apple Network Server500ko700 zuwa Mac OS 7.5 ko kuma daga baya,duk da haka tallafin Ethernet bai cika ba. Babu tabbataccen tushe don hanya ko buƙatun da ke wanzu.Ba wai kawai Ethernet ya bambanta ba,amma ƙirar nunin ma.Yin amfani da alamar Apple, amma DEC "Tulip" katin Ethernet da katin nuni daga 9500 yana tafiya mai nisa wajen samun damar Mac OS amma ko da wannan ba a tabbatar ba.Yellowdog Linux 2.x ko 3.x ya fi tabbaci,kuma NetBSD 1.5.x na iya zama mafi kyau.Manyan batutuwa sun rage,kamar masu kula da bas biyu na "Bandit"tsarin floppy na mallakar mallaka,da yuwuwar CD-ROM.Hard disks na UW-SCSI ba safai ba ne matsala kuma Apple har ma ya fitar da kayan shigarwa na U-SCSI (amma kunkuntar) don ANS duk da cewa ANS tana sanye take da faifai UW-SCSI kawai.
Matsayi ,most Apple Network Servers had been removed from service and most had been returned to Apple or sold on the secondary market, either factory remanufactured or as-is, or sent to a recycler and crushed. It was once not uncommon for a well-featured ANS to barely recover the minimum bid on eBay. Shipping of an ANS is expensive, about from a U.S.-to-U.S. location if sent via bulk shipping.Few, if any, replacement parts are available, particularly not the mechanical components.
,Apple Network Servers are sometimes seen and sold for over on eBay.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Shiner.info, an unofficial ANS resource site (Web Archive copy)
Erik's Apple Network Server Page Network Server entry on EveryMac.com
ANS 500/700 |
37148 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogo%20Dalot | Diogo Dalot | José Diogo Dalot Teixeira (lafazin Portuguese pronunciation: oɡu lo] an haife shi 18 watan Maris 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier League United da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal Dalot samfur ne na tsarin matasa na Porto kuma ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru ga ƙungiyar B a cikin watan Janairu shekarar 2017. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan Taça de Portugal a watan Oktoba 2017. Bayan ya buga wa Porto wasanni takwas, ya koma Manchester United a watan Yunin shekarar 2018 kan kudi Yuro 22. miliyan (£19 miliyan). Daga Oktoba 2020 zuwa Yuni 2021, an ba Dalot aro zuwa kulob din Serie A na Italiya AC Milan Dalot ya kasance matashi na kasa da kasa kuma ya wakilci Portugal daga kasa da 15 zuwa matakin kasa da 21 Ya kasance memba na tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 da suka lashe gasar zakarun Turai na 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na 2016 Ya buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Portugal a UEFA Euro 2020 Aikin kulob
Porto An haife shi a Braga, Dalot ya shiga tsarin matasa na Porto a cikin shekarar 2008, yana da shekaru tara. A kan 28 shekarar Janairu 2017, ya fara halarta na farko tare da ƙungiyar B, yana wasa cikakken mintuna 90 a cikin asarar gida 2-1 da Leixões don gasar zakarun LigaPro Dalot ya fara bayyana tare da tawagar farko a wasan gasa ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2017, wanda ya fara a wasan da suka doke Lusitano de Évora da ci 6-0 a gasar Taça de Portugal Ya fara taka leda a gasar Premier a ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2018, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin minti na 75 a cikin 5-0 na gida na Rio Ave.
Manchester United
Wasannin farko a Manchester Dalot ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Premier League na Manchester United a ranar 6 ga Yunin 2018 kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar kan fam 19. miliyan. Lokacin da ya isa Manchester, kocin José Mourinho ya ce, la'akari da shekarunsa, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan baya a kusa. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2018 a wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai UEFA Champions League da kungiyar Young Boys ta Switzerland, amma ya kasa ci gaba da kasancewa a kungiyar saboda raunin da ya samu a kakar wasa ta baya.
Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 a waje da Southampton Duk da korar Mourinho da aka nada Ole Gunnar Solskjaer a matsayin sabon koci, Dalot ya kasance zabi mai mahimmanci: a karshen kakar wasa ta bana, ya buga wasanni 23. A lokacin wannan kakar, yana da wasan da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba a birnin Paris, a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe na 2nd kafa da Paris Saint-Germain, inda Manchester United ta kammala wani gagarumin koma baya saboda bugun fanareti, wanda ya yi nasara bayan harbin Dalot. Ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan cin kofin FA da Tranmere Rovers da ci 6-0 ita ce kwallonsa ta farko ga United. A lokacin farkon kakarsa na kulob din, Dalot ya yi fama da raunuka daban-daban kuma bayan zuwan Aaron Wan-Bissaka, ayyukansa sun yi rauni sosai a karkashin kocin Ole Gunnar Solskjaer.
Loan zuwa AC Milan Bayan amfani da Manchester United na lokaci-lokaci, an ba Dalot aro ga AC Milan ta Italiya a kakar shekarar 2020-21. Ya buga wasansa na farko a Milan a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba, inda ya fara a wasan da suka doke Celtic da ci 3-1 a wasan rukuni na rukuni na UEFA Europa League Kwanaki bakwai bayan haka, Dalot ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a Milan kuma ya ba da taimako ga dan kasar Rafael Leão a wasan da ci 3-0 a gida a gasar cin kofin Europa da Sparta Prague Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar Seria A ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya maye gurbin Davide Calabria a cikin mintuna na 71 na wasan da suka tashi 2-1 da Udinese Ya fara wasansa na farko a gasar a wasan da suka tashi 2–2 da Genoa A ranar 7 ga watan Maris 2021, Dalot ya zira kwallayen sa na farko a gasar Seria A cikin 2-0 a waje a Hellas Verona A lokacin kakar wasa, iyawar Dalot ya ba shi damar yin wasa ko dai a matsayin dama da baya na hagu Wannan ya sa ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar Stefano Pioli, yana taimaka wa Milan ta sami matsayi na biyu a cikin 2020-21 Seria A da cancantar shiga Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2021-22 bayan rashin shekaru takwas. A lokacin da yake wasa a matsayin Rossonero, ya iya yin wasa akai-akai, yana yin wasanni Talat in da uku 33, ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya ba da taimako uku. Kamar yadda Dalot ya fada sau da yawa, a Italiya ya iya inganta tsaro, ba tare da rasa ikonsa na kai hari ba.
Komawa Manchester United A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2021, Manchester United ta yi sha'awar siyan wani dan wasan baya na dama. A halin da ake ciki, Milan, wacce ta ji dadin Dalot a lokacin da ya koma kungiyar a matsayin aro, ya fara tattaunawa da Manchester United don siyan shi na dindindin. Bayan ya koma Manchester United, ya burge kociyan kungiyar Ole Gunnar Solskjaer da irin rawar da ya taka a lokacin wasannin share fage. Ita ma Borussia Dortmund tana sha'awar siyan shi a matsayin aro, amma ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a United don yin gogayya da Aaron Wan-Bissaka don samun gurbin farawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, Dalot ya ba da farkon farkon kakar wasa, wanda ke nuna a cikin asarar gida 1-0 zuwa West Ham United a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin EFL Tun daga wannan lokacin, yana da iyakacin damar da ya fara sau biyu da kuma sau uku. Ya buga wasa da Villarreal a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wasan rukuni-rukuni bayan an dakatar da Wan-Bissaka wasanni biyu. A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, Dalot ya ba shi farkon farawa a gasar a karkashin kocin rikon kwarya Michael Carrick, yana mai ban sha'awa sosai kuma ya haifar da burin na biyu a cikin nasara a gida da ci 3-2 a kan United ta hammayarsu Arsenal a Old Trafford Bayan isowa na riko manajan Ralf Rangnick, Dalot cemented wurinsa a matsayin Starter ga kulob din, bin da m wasanni a kulob din na gaba biyu matches da Crystal Palace da Norwich City Ayyukan kasa da kasa
Matasa Dalot ya taimaka wa Portugal lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta 2016 na 'yan kasa da shekaru 17, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni biyar a Azerbaijan ciki har da sau daya a wasan karshe da Spain A wannan shekarar, ya taimaka wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar daya. Tare da 'yan kasa da shekaru 19, Dalot ya shiga cikin 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, yana taimakawa kammalawa a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu, bayan da ya yi rashin nasara a wasan karshe a Ingila Don bajintar da ya yi a duk lokacin gasar, an ba shi suna a cikin "Team of Tournament". Dalot ya buga wa Portugal wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 na 2017, yana farawa a duk wasannin da aka yi a karshen wasan daf da karshe. A ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba 2017, ya lashe wasansa na farko ga Portugal Under-21s, wanda ya fara a kunnen doki 1-1 da Romania don neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2019 UEFA An fara a cikin watan Maris shekarar 2021, Dalot ya shiga cikin 2021 Gasar Cin Kofin Turai na Under-21 Portugal ta kare a matsayi na biyu bayan ta sha kashi a wasan karshe da Jamus da ci 1-0 a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2021.
Babban A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni 2021, Dalot ya kasance cikin tawagar Portugal don buga gasar Euro 2020 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin João Cancelo, wanda ya fice bayan an gwada ingancin COVID-19 Ya buga wasansa na farko bayan kwanaki goma a wasan karshe na rukuni -rukuni da suka tashi 2-2 da Faransa a Budapest inda ya maye gurbin Nélson Semedo na mintuna 11 na karshe. A kan 27 ga watan Yuni, Dalot ya fara farawa na farko tare da babban tawagar kasar, a cikin rashin nasarar 1-0 zuwa Belgium a zagaye na 16. A watan Oktoba shekarar 2021, Portugal ta kira shi kuma a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, ya ba da taimako biyu, yayin da Cristiano Ronaldo ya farke shi a wasan da suka doke Qatar da ci 3-0. A ranar 24 ga watan Satumba 2022, Dalot ya zira kwallayen sa na farko na kasa da kasa guda biyu a cikin nasara da ci 4-0 a waje da Jamhuriyar Czech yayin gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 2022-23 Salon wasa Dalot shine mai tsaron gida mai ƙarfi wanda aka sani da saurinsa, fasaha da kuma iyawar sa. Yana iya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ko winger a kowane gefe, ko da yake yakan yi wasa a dama. Yawancin lokaci ana tura shi azaman reshe-baya a hannun dama amma a cikin aikin cikakken baya na al'ada a hagu. A matsayinsa na dan wasan baya na hagu, an yabe shi saboda yadda yake da’a da kuma wayar da kan shi na tsaro. Yana da fasaha mai kyau na dribbling kuma ana lura da shi saboda shigar da ya yi wajen kai hare-hare ta hanyar tsallake- tsallake ko dogayen wuce gona da iri Jikinsa yana ba shi damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin duels na iska.
Kididdigar sana'a
Kulob
Ƙasashen Duniya Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Dalot goal.
Girmamawa Porto
Premier League 2017-18 Portugal
Gasar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na U-17 2016 Mutum
Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta Uefa ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 17: 2016 Ƙungiyar Gasar Zakarun Turai ta Uefa ta 'yan kasa da shekara 19 2017
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Manchester United profile
Bayanan martaba na League na Portuguese Bayanan ƙungiyar ƙasa Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1999
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
24751 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icen%20Dalbejiya%20%28Azadirachta%20Indica%29 | Icen Dalbejiya (Azadirachta Indica) | Azadirachta indica wanda aka fi sani da icen Dalbejiya, ko Bedi wato neem, bishiyar-nim ko Indian lilac, kuma a Najeriya ana kiranta dogo yaro ko dogonyaro, bishiya ce daga cikin dangin Mahogany Meliaceae. tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan halittu guda biyu na iyalan Azadirachta, kuma asalin yankin Indiya ne kuma galibin kasashen Afirka. Yawanci tana girma a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi. Itacen Neem kuma na girma a tsibiran kudancin Iran. 'Ƴa'ƴan itãcensa da tsabarsa sune asalin man-neem.
Bayanai Dalbejiya ko icen bedi ice ne mai azumi-girma itace cewa zai iya isa tsayin kimanin da wuya Yana zubar da yawancin ganye a lokacin damuna. Rassan suna da fadi kuma suna yaduwa. cikakkiyar kambi mai kauri ne tana zagaye ne kuma tana iya kaiwa fadin diamita Itacen bedi ko dalbejiya yayi kama da danginsa, chinaberry (Melia azzara|Melia azedarach). Akasin haka, ganyen pinnate suna da tsawon kimanin tare da 20 zuwa 30 matsakaici tsawo da ganye kore mai duhu mai tsawon Sashin tsakiya na fallen ganyen tashar tana ɓacewa sau da yawa. Petioles gajere ne. Icen na da fure masu launin fari da ƙamshi an shirya su a cikin ƙaramin ma'ajin axillary panicles masu saukowa waɗanda suka kai a tsawo. Inflorescences, wanda reshe ne yayi sama har zuwa mataki na uku, yana ɗaukar furanni 250 zuwa 300. Fure ɗaya na da tsawon da fadin Protantrism, furanni masu juna biyu da furannin maza suna saduwa akan bishiya guda.
Ya'yan itacen masu santsi ne (masu walƙiya), ana kiransu drupe suna kama da zaitun wanda ya bambanta ta siffar tsawo oval zuwa kusan zagaye, kuma lokacin cikakke ya14–28 millimetres (0.55–1.10 in) ta10–15 millimetres (0.39–0.59 in). Fatar 'ya'yan itace (exocarp) siriri ne kuma ɓacin rai mai ɗanɗano (mesocarp) yana da launin shuɗi-fari kuma yana da yawa. Mesocarp shine 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in) kauri. Farar, harsashi na ciki mai ƙarfi (endocarp) na 'ya'yan itacen yana ɗauke da guda ɗaya, da wuya biyu, ko uku, elongated tsaba (kernels) waɗanda ke da gashin launin ruwan.
Akanyi kuskure wajen kamanya icen dalbejiya da wani ice mai kama dashi suna bakain. Shima icen Bakain yana da ganye masu tsini da kuma 'ya'yan itace masu kama da juna. Bambanci ɗaya shine cewa ganyen neem yana da pinnate amma ganyen bakain Pinnation yana da biyu-biyu ko uku-uku.
Asalin Kalma Kalmar Neem sunan Hindi ne wanda aka samo daga yaren Sanskrit Nimba Ilimin Halittu da Muhallinsu Bishiyar dalbejiya wato neem tayi fice matuqa saboda juriya ga karancin ruwa. Yawanci yana wanzuwa a yankuna da ke da rani da kuma matsakaicin zafi, masuadadin ruwan sama na 400–1,200 millimetres (16–47 in). Icen na iya girma a yankuna daban daban na duniya, amma yana dogara ne mafi akasari da yanayin ruwan dake karkashin kasa. Sannan zai iya tsirowa ko wani irin nau'in na duniya, amma yafi wanzawa a nau'in kasa da ake kira sandy soil, suna ya dogara ne sosai akan matakan ruwan karkarshin ƙasa. Bedi na iya girma a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa daban -daban, amma yana haɓaka mafi kyau akan zurfin zurfin ƙasa da yashi. Yana da yanayi na wurare masu zafi zuwa bishiyar ƙasa kuma yana wanzuwa a matsakaicin yanayin zafin shekara na 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Zai iya jurewa sama zuwa yanayin zafi sosai kuma baya jure zafin da ke ƙasa 5 °C (41 °F). Dalbejiya yana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin da ke ba da inuwa waɗanda ke bunƙasa a cikin yankunan da ke fuskantar fari kamar busasshen bakin teku, gundumomin kudancin Indiya, da Pakistan. Bishiyoyin ba su dogara game da samun ruwa ba kuma suna bunƙasa ko da da digon ruwa ne, komai ingancin. A Indiya da ƙasashe masu zafi inda yakin ƙasar Indiya suka isa, ana yawan samun bishiyoyin Dalbejiya da ake amfani da su don rufe tituna, kusa da wuraren bauta, makarantu da sauran irin waɗannan gine -gine na mutum ko a mafi yawan yadudduka. A yakuna masu karancin ruwan sama, akan shuka bishiyoyin dalbejiya acikin manyan filaye.
Icen a matsayin ciyawa akan dauki ganyen icen a matsayin ciyawa mara amfani a wasu sassa na duniya, musamman a yankunan Gabas ta Tsakiya, ƙasashen Saharar Afirka da Yammacin Afirka da jihohin Tekun Indiya, da wasu sassan Ostiraliya A yanayin muhalli, yana rayuwa da kyau a cikin irin wannan muhallin ga nasa, amma ba a tantance ainihin matsayinsa na ciyawa ba.
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, an zartar da cewa Icen dalbejiya a matsayin ciyawa mara amfani na na ajin B da C a Yankin Arewacin Kasar, Ostiraliya, ma'ana dole ne a sarrafa shuka ta da yaduwar ta kuma ba a yarda a shigo da tsirrai ko propagules cikin NT ba. Shari'a ta yarda a siya, a saida, ayi sufurinta ko irin ta. An kaddamar da ita a matsayin ciyawa a sanadiyyar mamaye hanyoyin ruwa da tayi a Top End na yankin.
Bayan an gabatar da icen a kasar Ostiraliya, a 1940s, an dasa A. indica a yankin Arewa don samar da inuwa ga shanu. An kafa gonaki na gwaji tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 a Darwin, Queensland, da Yammacin kasar Australia, amma masana'antar sarrafa icen dalbejiya ta Ostiraliya ba ta tabbatar da mai yiwuwa ba. Yanzu itacen ya bazu zuwa cikin savanna, musamman a kusa da hanyoyin ruwa, kuma ana samun yawan mutane da yawa a yankunan.
Sinadarai daga Bishiyar 'Ya'yan itacen dalbejiyan, iri, ganye, mai tushe, da kuma bawon icen na dauke da sinadarai masu dumbin yawa wanda ake kira phytochemicals, wasu da aka fara ganowa daga iri, kamar azadirachtin wanda aka sarrafa su a shekarun 1960s matsayin maganin kwari antifeedant, tsaida yaduwa, da kuma maganin kwari. Amfani daga icen a yayinda ake murƙushe kilogiram 2 na yayan tsaba icen yakan kai kusan gram 5.
Bugu da kari sinadarin azadirachtin da limonoids masu alaƙa, man iri ya ƙunshi glycerides polyphenols iri-iri, nimbolide, triterpenes, da beta-sitosterol. Man yana da launin rawaya, bitter oil, yana da ƙamshi kamar tafarnuwa kuma ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 2% na mahaɗan limonoid. Ganyen yana ƙunshe da quercetin, catechins, carotenes, da bitamin C.
Amfani Akan busar da ganyen dalbejiya kuma ana sanya shi a cikin kabad don hana kwari cin sutura, da kuma cikin tins inda ake adana shinkafa. Hakanan ana amfani da furannin a wurin bukukuwan Indiya da yawa kamar Ugadi.
Matsayin kayan lambu Ana cin sashin furen da 'yayan itacen a matsayin kayan lambu a kasar Indiya. Ana shirya abinci mai kama da miya mai suna veppampoo charu a cikin Tamil (an fassara shi da "neem flower rasam wanda aka yi da furen bedi a yankunan Tamil Nadu. A Bengali, ana soya ganyen neem a cikin mai tare da eggplant (brinjal). ana kiran girkin neem begun bhaja kuma shine abu na farko yayin cin abinci a Bengali wanda ke matsayin abinci washe harshe, ana cinshi da shinkafa.
Ana amfani sassan dalbejiya a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, musamman a Kambodiya, Laos (inda ake kira kadao Thailand (inda aka sani da sa-dao ko sdao Myanmar (inda aka sani da tamar da Vietnam (inda aka sani da sầu đâu kuma ana amfani dashi wajen dafa salatin gỏi sầu đâu Ko da an dafa shi da sama sama, dandanon sa na da ɗaci sosai, kuma ba duk mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe ke cin wanan nau'in abincin ba. A Myanmar, ana dafa ganyen neem da sashen furanni da 'ya'yan tamarind wato tsamiya don rage dacinsa kuma ana ci a matsayin kayan lambu. Ana kuma cin ganyen neem mai tsami tare da tumatir da miya miya a Myanmar.
Magungunan Gargajiya Ana amfani da samfuran da aka cire daga icen dalbejiya a wajen maganin gargajiya na Indiya na tsawon ƙarnuka, amma babu isasshen shaidar asibiti don nuna fa'idodin amfani da bedi don dalilai na magani. A manya mutane, ba a kafa takamaiman ka'idojin shan maganin ba, kuma yin amfani da dalbejiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da aminci, amma yayin amfani da shi na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da matsalar koda ko hanta; a ga ƙananan yara, man-dalbejiya na da guba kuma yana iya sanadiyyar mutuwa. Bedi na iya haifar da bari wato zubewar ciki, rashin haihuwa, da ƙarancin sukari na jini.
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24899 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackichand%20Singh | Jackichand Singh | Telem Jackichand Singh (An haife shi ranar 17 ga watan Maris, 1992) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Indiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. A cikin gida yana buga wasa a matsayin dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob ɗin Indian Super League, na East Bengal, a matsayin aro daga Mumbai City, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Indiya Sana'a
Royal Wahingdoh Jackichand ya fara zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa don Royal Wahingdoh, sannan a cikin I-League 2nd Division, a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 2011 a Gasar Cin Kofin Federation da Churchill Brothers Wahingdoh ya ci wasan da ci 2-1 inda Jacki ya zura kwallo ta biyu a minti na 53 don kammala tashin hankali a kofin. Jackichand zai sake yin wasa sau biyu a matakin rukuni na gasar cin kofin tarayya, ya sake zira kwallaye, amma ba zai iya taimakawa kungiyarsa fice daga rukunin ba. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Royal Wahingdoh a lokacin kamfen ɗin su na 2011 I-League 2nd Division kuma zai zira kwallaye uku a lokacin rukunin, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta cancanci zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta 2 na shekarar 2011 a matsayin masu nasara a rukuni, amma Wahingdoh ya gama na 6. kuma ya kasa samun ci gaba. Jackichand ya sake kasancewa cikin tawagar a lokacin gasar I-League ta shekarar 2012, inda Wahingdoh ya sake samun cancantar shiga rukuninsu a matsayin wadanda suka lashe gasar a zagayen karshe, inda Jacki ya zira kwallaye biyu. A lokacin zagaye na ƙarshe, za mu iya lissafin wasanni 10 da ya yi, ya zira kwallaye 8 amma ba zai iya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta sami ci gaba zuwa I-League ba. Jackichand ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Royal Wahingdoh na rukunin I-League na shekarar 2013 amma a wannan karon, Wahingdoh ya kasa tsallakewa zuwa zagaye na ƙarshe daga rukuninsu yayin da suka gama na uku. A ƙarshe, yana cikin rukunin I-League na shekarar 2014 lokacin da Wahingdoh ya lashe gasar don haka ya sami ci gaba, bayan samun cancantar zama masu nasara a rukunin zuwa zagaye na ƙarshe na I-League 2nd Division shekara ta 2014, lokacin da Jackichand ya zira kwallaye biyu a zagayen ƙarshe.
2014 zuwa 2015 Jackichand ya fara wasan farko na sabuwar kakar don Royal Wahingdoh bayan samun ci gaba, a kan Mumbai a gasar cin kofin Federation na shekarun 2014 da 15 a cikin nasarar 2-1 inda ya zira duka ƙwallon ƙungiyarsa a kowane ɓangaren rabin lokaci. Ya zira kwallon sa ta uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Tarayya da Sporting Goa ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2015 a raunin 2-1. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar I-league a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu da Shillong Lajong a farkon Shillong Derby a cikin I-league kuma ya taimaki abokin wasansa Satiyasen Singh don Kwallo na Biyu a cikin nasara 2-1. Jackichand ya zira kwallon sa ta farko I-League a kan Salgaocar Ya ci kwallo ta biyu a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Bharat FC a ranar 21 ga watan Maris shekarar 2015. Jacki ya zira kwallaye biyu a ragar Pune a wasan da suka ci 2-0 a gida a ranar 29 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2015. Ya taimaki Godwin Franco a wasan da suka ci 1-0 a gida da Gabashin Bengal a ranar 31 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2015. Jackichand ya taimaki abokin wasansa Satiyasen Singh sau uku don hat-trick da ya yi da Salgaocar a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015 a nasarar 4-2 ga tawagarsa. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2014 zuwa 2015 Jackichand an ba shi mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.
Super League na Indiya
Pune City A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2015, an yi gwanjon Jackichand don yin wasa da FC Pune City akan 45 lakhs 58.2k) a cikin Super Indian na 2015 Ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a lokacin Delhi Dynamos na ISL a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2015. Ya ɗauki wasanni biyu kacal ya ci wa ƙungiyar kwallaye a kan ATK a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2015. Ya ci kwallon a cikin minti 1 da dakika 15. Ita ce ƙwallo mafi sauri da aka ci a bugun ISL na biyu. Ya buga wasansa na karshe a kulob din da NorthEast United a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2015. Ya kammala kakar wasa tare da wasanni 9, inda ya zira kwallaye guda daya a cikin tsari.
I-League
Salgaocar (aro) A ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 2016, Jackichand ya rattaba hannu kan Salgaocar yayin da Royal Wahingdoh ya yanke shawarar ficewa daga I-League, a matsayin aro daga Pune City don I-League na 2015-16. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a cikin 2015–16 I-League da Bengaluru FC 9 Janairu 2016. Jackichand ya ci kwallonsa ta farko ga Salgaocar a kan Mumbai a I-League a cikin rashin nasara 2-1. Ya buga wasan karshe na kulob din da Sporting Goa a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2016.
Komawa zuwa ISL
Mumbai City A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2016, Mumbai City ta ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Jackichand a karo na uku na ISL. Ya fara wasansa na farko ranar 3 ga Oktoba a kan tsohon kulob dinsa Pune City, inda ya maye gurbin Léo Costa a minti na 90 a wasan da suka ci 1-0. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2016, ya ci wa kungiyarsa kwallon farko da nasara, a minti na 45 a kan NorthEast United bayan mai tsaron ragar NorthEast Lima Gomes ya yi kuskure. Ya buga wasansa na karshe na kulob din da ATK a ranar 13 ga Disamba 2016, a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 (raunin 3-2) a wasan zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe.
Komawa I-League
Gabashin Bengal (aro) A ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara 2017, Singh ya rattaba hannu don kulob din I-League na gabas Bengal don kakar I-League ta 2016-17. Ya fara wasan farko da zakarun zakarun Aizawl a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2017 a wasan da suka tashi 1-1. Amma bayyanar da wahalar zuwa Singh kamar yadda babban kocin Gabashin Bengal Trevor Morgan baya buƙatar masu yawo a cikin tsarin sa. Ya buga wasanni 7 ne kawai a kulob din wanda daga ciki wasanni 4 suka fito daga benci. Wasansa na karshe na kulob din ya zo ne da Punjab a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2017.
Komawa zuwa ISL (x2)
Kerala Blasters A ranar 23 ga watan Yuli, shekara 2017, an zaɓi Singh a zagaye na 8th na 2017-18 'Yan wasan ISL na Kerala Blasters don kakar 2017 18 na Indian Super League Ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2017 da ATK Ya zo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Courage Pekuson na minti na 81 yayin da Kerala Blasters ya yi canjaras 0-0. Daga nan Singh ya ci wa kungiyarsa kwallon farko a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2017 a kan Goa Ya zira kwallaye daidai wa Kerala Blasters a minti na 30 don yin 2-2 amma abin takaici kulob din zai ci gaba da yin rashin nasara 5-2. Daga nan ya ci wa kungiyarsa kwallo ta biyu a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu shekara 2018 a kan Pune City Kwallon da ya zura a minti na 58 shine farkon fara wasan a nasarar 2-1 ga Blasters. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta bana da kwallaye 2 cikin wasanni 17 da ya bugawa kungiyar yayin da Kerala Blasters ya kare a matsayi na 6 a jadawalin gasar FC Goa A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli shekara 2018, ya sanya hannu kan Goa daga Kerala Blasters A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu ya ci kwallo daga yadi 22 wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwallo mafi sauri a cikin 18-19 ISL kakar wanda ya haifar da nasarar 3-0 ga FC Goa a kan masu nasara ISL sau biyu ATK Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi burge Gaurs a kakar wasa ta farko tare da su, inda ya zira kwallaye 4 sannan ya zira kwallaye 4 a wasanni 21 yayin da ya taimaki Goa ya kai wasan karshe na ISL. Ya ci gaba da wannan tsari ta hanyar zira kwallaye 5 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu tare da kulob din yayin da Goa ya kare a matsayi na 1 a jadawalin gasar, kuma ta haka ne ya zama kulob din Indiya na farko da ya cancanci shiga rukunin rukunin Champions League na AFC.
Jamshedpur A ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 2020, Singh ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru 3 tare da Jamshedpur don kakar ISL mai zuwa. An sanya masa riga mai lamba 12. Ya taimaka a wasansa na farko da Chennaiyin a cikin rashin nasara 2-1 a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba.
Mumbai City FC Mumbai City FC ta tabbatar da sa hannun Jackichand Singh daga Jamshedpur FC a ranar 23 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2021 don ragowar kakar ISL a shekarar 2020-2021. Dan wasan gefe na Manipur ya ba da taimako uku a wasanni 12 da ya yi wa Jamshedpur FC a gasar Super League ta Indiya 2020-2021.
Kasashen duniya Jackichand ya fara bugawa babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa wasa da Nepal a ranar 12 ga watan Maris, shekarar 2015, inda ya maye gurbin Lalrindika Ralte A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni, a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Asiya ta shekarar 2019 da Laos, ya taimaka sau uku bayan ya maye gurbinsa a farkon rabin nasarar da Indiya ta ci 6-1. A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2016, Jacki ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Udanta Kumam a minti na 44 a wasan gida da Laos a filin wasa na Indira Gandhi Athletic, Guwahati inda ya ba da taimako uku kuma ya taimaka wa Indiya ta cancanci zuwa zagaye na uku na wasannin cancantar gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC. A ranar 3 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 2016, Jackichand ya ci ƙwallon sa ta farko ga Indiya a nasarar 4 1 akan Puerto Rico a Andheri Sports Complex, Mumbai.
Ƙididdigar sana'a
Kulob
Kasashen duniya Indiya da aka jera da farko, shafi na nuna maki bayan kowane burin Jackichand.
Gasar Super League ta Indiya 2018–19 Super Cup na Indiya 2019
Na ɗaya I-League 2014-15 Mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na kakar
Rayuwar mutum Babban wahayi na Singh shine ɗan wasan Manipuri Renedy Singh, da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Jackie Chan, wanda aka sanya masa suna. Ya fito ne daga ƙasƙantar da kai kuma abokan wasan sa da abokan sa sun san shi da Jacki. Ya auri Beauty kuma yana da ɗa mai shekaru uku mai suna Civic. An saka sunayen matarsa da dansa a hannunsa na dama.
Manazarta
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun 1992
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22383 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yancin%20Kungiya | Yancin Kungiya | Yancin ƙungiya ya ƙunshi duka haƙƙin ɗan adam na shiga ko barin ƙungiyoyi da son rai, da 'yancin ƙungiyar don ɗaukar matakan gama kai don biyan bukatun membobinta, da haƙƙin ƙungiya ta karɓar ko ƙi memba bisa wasu sharuɗɗa. Ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin haƙƙin mutum wanda yake haɗuwa tare da wasu mutane don bayyana gaba ɗaya, inganta, bi da ko kare muradin gama gari. 'Yancin kafa kungiyoyi ne duka wani mutum dama da kuma wani na gama dama, tabbas da duk zamani da mulkin demokaraɗiyya] doka tsarin, ciki har da Amurka da Dokar' Yancin, labarin 11 na Turai Yarjejeniyar a kan Human Rights, da Canada, da Yarjejeniya na 'yancinsu da walwalarsu, da kuma na kasa da kasa doka, gami da shafuffuka 20 da 23 na Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya da kuma labarin 22 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa Sanarwa kan Ka'idoji da Hakkokin Aiki na Laborungiyar Laborasashen Duniya ma sun tabbatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin akan yancin kungiyoyi.
An bayyana ofancin ƙungiya ta hanyar haƙƙin shiga ƙungiyar ƙwadago, don shiga cikin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ko shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wata ƙungiya ko ƙungiya, gami da kima ƙungiyoyin addinai da ƙungiyoyi, yan uwantaka, da kungiyoyin wasanni da ba Tilas ya kasance daga wata ƙungiya. Yana da alaƙa sosai da 'yancin taro, musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar' Yancin Amurka 'Yancin taro galibi yana da alaƙa da abubuwan siyasa. Koyaya, (misali Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin walwala da haɗuwa na iya haɗawa da yancin walwala A Amurka, tun da an taƙaita dokar 'Yancin Civilasa ta shekarar 1968 na yanci na tarayya game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga launin fata ko ƙabila Kotuna da wakilai na kananan hukumomin na iya sanya takunkumi kan duk wani hakki na wanda aka yankewa hukunci a matsayin sharadin doka. 'Yanci ga ofishin ƙungiya da damar yancin haɗuwa ana tabbatar da su a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar yarda da laifi ko yanke hukunci, umarnin hanawa da hanyoyin bincike da kamewa.
Tarihi Yancin kungiyoyi ta amince yin tarayya da ƙungiyoyi gwargwadon zaɓin mutum, kuma don ƙungiyoyin su ɗauki matakin inganta buƙatunsu, ya kasance sifa ce da ake buƙata ga kowace al'umma ta demokraɗiyya. Saboda yancin ƙungiya dole ne ya yarda da tushen iko da ƙungiya da yawa, ba tare da gwamnati ba, ya kasance babban makircin danniya ga duk al'ummomin kama-karya. A cikin Burtaniya, an haramta duk nau'ikan "haɗuwa" kuma masu aikata laifi, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar haɗuwa ta 1825 Bayan wannan, har yanzu bai kasance ba har sai Dokar Kamfanoni 1856, Unionungiyar Tradeungiyar Ciniki ta 1871 da Dokar Laifin Laifi da Kariyar Kayan Gida ta 1875 cewa kamfanoni sannan ƙungiyoyin kwadago suka zama halal gaba ɗaya. A cikin Jamus, an kafa irin wannan dokokin danniya ga kungiyoyin kwadago da kungiyoyin dimokiradiyya na gwamnatin Bismarck karkashin Sozialistengesetze ("Ayyukan Socialist") a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance cikin karfi har zuwa 1890. A shekara ta 1933, kwadago da aka sake haramta ta farkisanci mulkin kama karya na Hitler 's National Socialist Party, da kuma da ta kasance kungiya ta kashin da aka nationalized da kuma a hade a cikin wani yunkuri gwamnatin ta sarrafawa Jamus Labor Front A Yammacin Jamus bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago masu zaman kansu sun tashi da sauri kuma Grundgesetz na Jamhuriyar ta ba da tabbaci. A Amurka, kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun rarraba kungiyoyin kwadagon, a lokuta daban-daban, a matsayin masu takaita kasuwanci A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba kungiyoyin kwadago 'yanci gaba daya don tsarawa tare da yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin gama gari, duk da haka an cigaba da fuskantar cikas har zuwa lokacin da Dokar Hulda da Ma'aikata ta Kasa ta 1935 ta kirkiro da cikakkiyar lambar kwadago.
Doka
Yarjejeniyar Turai
Tsarin mulkin Italiya A Italiya an kafa yancin ƙungiya a cikin Mataki na gama Sha takwas 18 na Tsarin Mulki, wanda ke cewa:
Dokar 'Yancin Afirka ta Kudu Dokar 'yancin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa' yancin walwala a Sashe na goma Sha takwas 18, wanda ya ce "Kowa na da 'yancin walwala." Bugu da kari, Sashe na sha bakwai 17 ya ce "Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya zauna lafiya ba tare da makami ba, don ya hallara, ya yi zanga-zanga, ya gabatar da koke-kokensa", don haka ya kafa 'yancin yin taro 'Yancin ma'aikata na' yancin walwala da haɗin kai dangane da haƙƙin kafa ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da kuma yarjejeniyar gama gari an yarda da su daban, a cikin Sashe na 23.
Tsarin Mulkin Amurka Yayinda Kwaskwarimar Tsarin Mulki ta Tsarin Mulki ta Amurka ta bayyana haƙƙin tattarawa da kai ƙara ga gwamnati, rubutun na da Kwaskwarimar Farko bai faɗi takamaiman haƙƙin haɗi ba. Koyaya, Kotun Koli ta Amurka da aka gudanar a NAACP v. Alabama (1958) cewa 'yancin yin ƙungiya wani muhimmin bangare ne na yancin faɗar albarkacin baki saboda, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya yin magana mai ma'ana kawai lokacin da suka shiga tare da wasu. Sauran kararrakin Kotun Koli da ke tattare da batun ‘yancin yin tarayya sun hada da: 'Yan uwantaka na Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia 377 US 1 (1964)
Mineungiyar Ma'aikata ta vasa v. Barungiyar Lauyoyi ta Jihar Illinois 389 US 217 (1967)
Healey v. Yakubu 408 US 169 (1972)
NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co. 458 US 898 (1982)
Yaron Scouts na Amurka v. Dale 530 US 640 (2000)
Janus v. AFSCME A'a. 16-1466, 585 US (2018)
Batutuwa
M tarayya Babban jigon 'yanci na mutum shine haƙƙin zaɓi don shiga da kiyaye wasu alaƙar ɗan'adam. Wadannan alaƙar ɗan adam suna ɗauke da nau'ikan "m tarayya." Misalin misali na "kusanci na tarayya" shine dangi. Ya danganta da ikon shi kuma yana iya kaiwa ga zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma masu zaman kansu, baligi, ba kasuwanci da kuma haɗin jima'i.
Amincewa da ma'amala A Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyana ra'ayi ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke shiga cikin ayyukan da Kwaskwarimar Farko ta kiyaye magana, taro, latsawa, roƙo ga gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da aiwatar da addini kyauta A cikin Roberts v. Amurka Jaycees, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta ce ƙungiyoyi ba za su iya ware mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na gaba na Hurley v. 'Yan Luwadi Ba'amurke,' Yan Madigo, da Bisexual Group na Boston, Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga kasancewa membobin su idan kasantuwar su zai shafi karfin kungiyar wajen bayar da shawarwarin wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin yaki da nuna wariya ba, tilasta kungiyoyi su hada da sakon da ba sa son isarwa.
Koyaya, wannan ra'ayin ba ya aiki yanzu a cikin tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Supremeoli a cikin Legungiyar Shari'a ta Kirista v. Martinez (2010), wacce ta goyi bayan manufofin Kwalejin Shari'a ta Hastings cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ra'ayi ne na tsaka-tsaki da tunani. Wannan dai da nifin wasu Manufofin na buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ba da izinin "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, ya zama memba, ko neman matsayin jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙin yarda da ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta mambobi su tabbatar a rubuce cewa "Na yi imani da: Baibul a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahn Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kristi, dan Allah; Mutuwar mutuwar Yesu Kiristi saboda zunubanmu; Tashin jikinsa da dawowar kansa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki a cikin aikin sabuntawa; da kuma Yesu Almasihu, ɗan Allah, shine Ubangijin rayuwata. Kotun ta yi tunanin cewa saboda wannan binciken na tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi iƙirarin da suka sa Kotun ta yi amfani da matakin ƙuntatawa na yin magana a cikin iyakantattun tarurruka na jama'a. Don haka, manufofin duk-masu zuwa kwaleji abu ne mai kyau, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi game da samun damar tattaunawar kungiyar daliban na fadin duniya.
Ayyadewa Hakkin mallakar Kwaskwarimar Farko na tarayya a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka an iyakance shi da hukuncin kotuna. Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen aiwatarwa da kwangiloli masu zaman kansu banda aure domin ba'a San nuna wariya, Wannan iyakance akan 'yanci na kungiya ya samu sakamako ne daga Sashe na 1981 na Take na 42 na Dokar Amurka, kamar yadda yayi daidai da Kwaskwarimar Farko a shawarar 1976 ta Runyon v. Mallaka Gwamnatoci galibi suna buƙatar kwangila na mannewa tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don dalilai na lasisi, kamar su tare da Hukumar Kula da Masana'antu ta Kuɗi don cinikin kasuwar hannayen jari a cikin dokar Maloney ta 1938 da aka yi kwaskwarima ga Dokar Musayar Tsaro ta 1934 Waɗannan kwangila galibi suna hana haɗuwa tare da mambobin da aka hana, kamar yadda ake gani a Amurka v. Merriam, 108 F.3d 1162.
Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasance yawan adawa da ƙarfi yayin ƙarni na sha tara 19, tare da ma ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar su Ingila sun hana ta tsawon lokuta (a batun Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 da 1824). A cikin kungiyar kwadago ta kasa da kasa, 'yancin yin tarayya wani hakki ne da aka bayyana a karkashin ka'idojin kwadago na kasa da kasa a matsayin' yancin ma'aikata na tsara da ciniki baki daya 'Yancin kafa kungiyoyi, a cikin wannan ma'ana, yana gane a matsayin muhimman hakkokin adam dama da dama da takardun ciki har da hakkokin yan-adam da International Labor Organization Yarjejeniyar C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na takwas na asali, core kasa da kasa aiki nagartacce. Ofancin ƙungiya 'na iya komawa zuwa hana doka a kan kwangila masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka yi yarjejeniya tsakanin masu ba da aiki mai zaman kansu da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiya a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na kungiya na zaman kansu sun yi iƙirarin cewa' yancin shiga ƙungiya ya haɗa da haƙƙin shiga ƙungiyar. A Amurka, kalmar yancin yin aiki 'ta fi dacewa ga irin wannan dokar a ko ina.
"Kotun Koli a yau (1-21-1997) ta takaita iyawar masu shirya kungiyar kwadago na zuwa dukiyar wani ma'aikaci don rarraba wallafe-wallafe ko neman ma'aikata su shiga kungiyar kwadagon. A cikin ra’ayi daga 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari’a Clarence Thomas ta rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Kwadago ta Kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga ’yancin mallakar ma’aikata a lokacin da ta zartar da dokar shekaru hudu da suka gabata da ke bai wa masu shirya kungiyar kwarin gwiwar samun dama zuwa yankunan kamar filin ajiye motoci na cibiyoyin cin kasuwa ko masana'antu a ko ina. -New York Times
Ka'idar
Dimokiradiyya da kungiyoyin jama'a Jeremy McBride ya bayar da hujjar cewa girmama 'yancin yin tarayya da dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da yin amfani da wannan' yanci ta kowane bangare na al'umma suna da mahimmanci duka don kafa dimokiradiyya ta gaskiya" da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an cimma hakan, ya kasance "mai lafiya da bunkasa". Dangane da wannan yana ganin kafa jam’iyyun siyasa a matsayin babbar alama ta ‘yancin walwala da jindaɗin.
'Yancin ƙungiya ba kawai ana aiwatar da su ba ne kawai a ma'anar siyasa ba, har ma don yawancin abubuwan sha'awa kamar al'adu, shakatawa, wasanni da taimakon jama'a da jin kai. Jeremy McBride ya bayar da hujjar cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu wadanda ya yi daidai da na kungiyoyin farar hula, shi ne "'ya'yan aikin hadin gwiwa".
'Yan Liberiyanci 'Yanci masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun yi amannar cewa yayin da' yancin yin ƙungiya ya haɗa da haƙƙin ma'aikata don yin ƙungiya ƙungiya da kuma janye aikinsu hakan kuma ya amince da haƙƙin mai ba da aiki don maye gurbin wannan aikin. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa inda ƙungiyoyin kwadagon ke yin amfani da karfi ko dabaru na tayar da hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance cikin keta haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar kungiyar kwadagon suna zargin cewa irin wannan keta haddin lamarin ya saba faruwa da ayyukan kungiyar kwadago.
Duba kuma 'Yancin jama'a
Associationungiyar kyauta (Markisanci da rashin tsari)
Aikin Jiha na Kyauta
Gurguzu mai ra'ayin gurguzu
Hakkin yin aiki
Dogaro da kai
Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman na Majalisar oninkin Duniya kan 'yancin walwala da haɗuwa cikin lumana
Ba da son rai
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21284 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa%20Low | Vanessa Low | Vanessa Low OAM (an haife ta 17 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta 1990) ƴar wasan Paralympic ne haifaffiyar Australiya wanda ke fafatawa a cikin tseren (T42) da abubuwan tsalle-tsalle. An kuma haife ta a Gabashin Jamus, ta sami shedar zama ‘yar ƙasar Ostireliya a watan Yuli a shekara ta 2017).
A cikin shekara ta (2016) look Low ita ce kawai 'yar wasan guje-guje ta mata tare da yanke ƙafafu biyu na sama da gwiwa. Duk da wurin da aka yanke waɗannan sassa kuma duk da cewa ta yi fafatawa da 'yan wasan da ke da cikakkiyar ƙafa daya, ta yi nasarar kai wasan ƙarshe na dukkan wasannin tsere da tsalle-tsalle a duka wasannin nakasassu na lokacin rani na shekarar 2012) da aka yi a London da kuma na nakasassu na lokacin bazara na shekarar (2016) a Rio. A Rio ta lashe lambar zinare da tseren mita (4.93 a tseren tsalle( T42 da lambar azurfa a gasar (T42 100m). An maimaita wannan a cikin wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekara ta (2020) a Tokyo tare da lambar zinare mai tsayi (T63) da rikodin duniya duk da cewa an rarraba ta (T61).
Tarihin sirri An haifi Low a ranar (17 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta (1990) a Schwerin, Jamus ta Gabas, kuma ta girma a Ratzeburg. A watan Yunin a shekara ta (2006)
tana da shekaru (15) jirgin ƙasa ya buge ta a wani dandalin layin dogo bayan ta rasa daidaito. Hatsarin ya sa an yanke ƙafarta ta hagu kuma ya bar ta cikin hammata tsawon wata biyu. A lokacin tiyatar ceton rai an tilastawa likitocinta yanke dayar ƙafarta. Ya ɗauki Low shekaru biyu don sake koyon tafiya da amfani da kayan aikinta. Low ta auri ɗan wasan nakasassu na Australiya Scott Reardon.
Sana'ar wasanni Low ta ji daɗin wasanni kafin haɗarinta, kuma tana son ci gaba da wasa bayan haɗarin. Ta kuma bayyana cewa ta samu ƙwarin gwuiwa daga ɗan wasan nakasassu ɗan kasar Amurka Cameron Clapp. Ta fara wasan guje-guje ne a shekarar (2008) kuma ta fara buga manyan wasanni a wannan shekarar, amma ta karya gwiwarta a shekarar (2009) abin da ya sa ta fita daga gasar har tsawon watanni uku. Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka zaɓe ta a matsayin ƴar wasa da zata fafata a wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙasar Jamus, inda ta je Christchurch a New Zealand don fafatawa a gasar wasan Duniya na shekarar (2011) IPC. A can ta kare na hudu a cikin dogon tsalle kuma ta ci tagulla a tseren mita( 100 na T42). A cikin shekara ta (2012) Low ta ci dukka gabannin biyun tseren mita( 100) da abubuwan tsalle-tsalle don wasannin nakasassu na bazara a London. An buɗe dogon tsalle a cikin nau'i uku,( F42 zuwa F44) kuma an yanke shawarar akan tsarin maki. Mafi kyawun sakamakonta na (3.93m) ya sa ta kare a matsayi na shida. A cikin tseren ta rubuta lokaci na (16.78) wanda ya bar ta a waje da matsayi na lambar yabo, ta ƙare ta hudu a bayan abokin wasan Jana Schmidt. Low ta ji takaicin rawar da ta taka a wasannin da kuma horon da ta yi gaba ɗaya har zuwa gasar Paralympics. Ta tuntubi mai horar da ita, Steffi Nerius, kuma ta yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga wasanni masu gasa. A cikin shekara ta (2013) Low ta ziyarci abokiyarta da kuma ɗan wasan Jamus Katrin Green, wanda ke zaune a Amurka kuma ta auri ɗan wasan Amurka Roderick Green. Yayin horo tare da Greens, Low ta sami sha'awar wasannin motsa jiki ta sake farfaɗowa kuma ta yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Amurka, kuma ta ɗauki Roderick a matsayin sabon mai horar da ita. A karshen shekara ta dawo wakiltar Jamus, a wannan karon a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar (2013) a Lyon. A can ne ta samu lambobin tagulla biyu, a tseren gudun mita (100 da tsalle mai tsayi. Shekarar da ta biyo baya ta ga wani babban ci gaba a tsayin daka, lokacin da ta fafata a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta IPC na shekarar (2014) a Swansea. Nisanta na mita (4.24) wani babban ci gaba ne a manyan gasannin da ta yi a baya, inda ba ta yi tsallaken mita hudu ba. Sakamakon ya sa ta lashe zinare, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ta doke manyan abokan hamayyarta biyu na duniya: Schmidt da Martina Caironi ta Italiya. A cikin ginin har zuwa wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekarar (2016) a Rio, Low ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar (2015) a Doha. A cikin tseren mita (100 )ta buga mafi kyawun mutum na( 15.41) don lashe lambar azurfa, amma nisan da ta yi a duniya na (4.79m )a cikin tsalle mai tsayi wanda ba kawai ya ba ta zinare ba har ma ya sanya ta a matsayin 'yar wasa don doke Rio. A wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekara ta (2016) a Rio de Janeiro, Low ta lashe lambar zinare tare da nisan rikodin duniya na (4.93m )a cikin tsalle mai tsayi na (T42 da) lambar azurfa a gasar (T42 100m )tare da mafi kyawun mutum na (15.17s). A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya na shekara ta (2019) a Dubai, ta ci lambar zinare a tseren tsalle na mata (T61-63) da tsalle na( 4.68m). Ita ce babbar lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko da ta wakilci Australia. Low ta fafata a Ostiraliya a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar (2020 a Tokyo. Ta lashe lambar zinare na (T63 na mata na tsalle-tsalle, inda ta zarce tarihin da aka yi a baya sau uku a cikin ruwa, tsallen da ta yi na karshe ya kasance 5.28m). Low tana horar da Iryna Dvoskina. Karramawa (2020) Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata na Ostiraliya( 2019).
2022 Medal na odar Ostiraliya don hidimar wasanni a matsayin mai cin lambar zinare a wasannin nakasassu na Tokyo (2020.) balance.
(2022 Wasannin guje-guje na Ostiraliya Amy Winters lambar yabo ga 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta shekara It took Low two years to relearn to walk using her prostheses.
Manazarta Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
29806 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajen%20zubar%20da%20shara | Wajen zubar da shara | Wurin zubar da ƙasa, wanda kuma aka sani da tip, juji, zubar da shara, juji, ko filin juji, wuri ne na zubar da kayan sharar gida. Landfill shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi yawan nau'in zubar da shara, kodayake tsarin binne sharar tare da kullun, tsaka-tsaki da murfin ƙarshe kawai ya fara ne a cikin shekarata 1940s. A da, an bar tarkace a cikin tudu ko kuma a jefar da shi cikin rami; a ilmin kimiyya na kayan tarihi ana kiran wannan a matsayin midden Ana amfani da wasu wuraren zubar da shara don dalilai na sarrafa sharar, kamar ajiya na ɗan lokaci, ƙarfafawa da canja wuri, ko don matakai daban-daban na sarrafa kayan sharar, kamar rarrabuwa, magani, ko sake amfani da su. Sai dai idan ba a daidaita su ba, za a iya fuskantar girgizar ƙasa mai tsanani ko kuma ruwan ƙasa a lokacin girgizar ƙasa. Da zarar an cika wurin da ke kan wurin zubar da shara za a iya dawo da shi don wasu amfani kamar su taki.
Ayyuka Masu gudanar da guraben aikin gona masu inganci don sharar da ba su da haɗari sun cika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ta hanyar amfani da dabaru zuwa: tsare sharar gida zuwa ƙaramin yanki gwargwadon yiwuwa
ƙanƙantar datti don rage girma Hakanan zasu iya rufe sharar gida (yawanci yau da kullun) tare da yadudduka na ƙasa ko wasu nau'ikan kayan kamar guntun itace da ƙananan barbashi.
A yayin gudanar da aikin shara, ma'auni ko gada na iya auna motocin tattara sharar idan sun iso kuma ma'aikata na iya duba kaya don sharar da ba ta dace da ka'idojin yarda da sharar ba. Bayan haka, motocin da ke tattara shara suna amfani da hanyar sadarwar da ake da su a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa fuska ko aiki, inda suke sauke abubuwan da ke ciki. Bayan an ajiye lodi, compactors ko bulldozers na iya yadawa da tattara sharar a fuskar aiki. Kafin barin iyakoki na zubar da shara, motocin tattara shara na iya wucewa ta wurin tsabtace ƙafafu. Idan ya cancanta, sai su koma kan gadar awo don sake yin awo ba tare da kayansu ba. Tsarin awo na iya haɗa kididdiga akan yawan sharar da ke shigowa yau da kullun, wanda ma'ajin bayanai za su iya riƙe don adana rikodi. Baya ga manyan motoci, wasu wuraren zubar da ruwa na iya samun kayan aikin da za su yi amfani da kwantenan layin dogo. Amfani da "rail-haul" yana ba da izinin zama wuraren ajiyar ƙasa a wurare masu nisa, ba tare da matsalolin da ke tattare da tafiye-tafiyen manyan motoci da yawa ba Ko rashin tsarin su.
Yawanci, a cikin fuskar aiki, ƙaƙƙarfan sharar ana rufe shi da ƙasa ko madadin kayan yau da kullun. Madadin kayan da ke rufe sharar sun haɗa da guntuwar itace ko wasu "sharar kore", da yawa da aka fesa akan samfuran kumfa, sinadarai "kafaffen" bio-solids, da barguna na wucin gadi. Ana iya ɗaga bargo a wuri da daddare sannan a cire washegari kafin a yi sharar gida. Wurin da aka mamaye yau da kullun ta ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida da abin rufewa ana kiransa tantanin halitta na yau da kullun. Ƙunƙarar sharar gida yana da mahimmanci don tsawaita rayuwar ma'aunin. Abubuwan da suka haɗa da damfara sharar, kauri-layin sharar da adadin wucewar da compactor akan sharar yana shafar yawan sharar.
Zagayowar rayuwar tsabtace shara Kalmar firar ƙasa yawanci gajarta ce don ƙasƙan ƙasa na birni ko tsabtace shara. An fara gabatar da waɗannan wuraren a farkon ƙarni na 20, amma sun sami amfani sosai a cikin shekarun 1960s da 1970s, a ƙoƙarin kawar da buɗaɗɗen juji da sauran ayyukan “marasa tsafta”. Wurin tsaftar shara kayan aikin injiniya ne wanda ke rarraba da kuma killace sharar gida. Ana nufin wuraren tsabtace ƙasa a matsayin masu sarrafa halittu bioreactors wanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su rushe hadadden sharar gida zuwa mafi sauƙi, ƙananan mahadi masu guba a kan lokaci. Dole ne a tsara waɗannan injiniyoyi da sarrafa su bisa ga ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi (Duba injiniyan muhalli Yawancin lokaci, bazuwar aerobic shine mataki na farko da ake rushe sharar gida a cikin wani wuri. Wadannan suna biye da matakai hudu na lalata anaerobic. Yawancin lokaci, ƙaƙƙarfan abu mai ƙarfi a cikin lokaci mai ƙarfi yana ruɓe da sauri yayin da manyan ƙwayoyin halitta suna raguwa zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan ƙananan kwayoyin halitta sun fara narkewa kuma suna motsawa zuwa yanayin ruwa, sannan kuma hydrolysis na wadannan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma hydrolyzed mahadi sa'an nan yin canji da kuma volatilization kamar carbon dioxide (CO 2 da methane (CH 4 tare da sauran sharar gida. sauran a cikin m da ruwa matakai da ake bi.
A lokacin farkon matakai, ƙananan ƙarar kayan abu ya kai ga leachate, kamar yadda kwayoyin halitta masu lalacewa na sharar gida ke raguwa cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, buƙatar iskar oxygen ɗin sinadarai na leachate yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara yawan mahaɗar abubuwan da ba za a iya jurewa ba idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin leachate ɗin. Nasarar jujjuyawar da kuma daidaita sharar ta dogara ne akan yadda yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke aiki a cikin syntrophy, watau hulɗar jama'a daban-daban don samar da bukatun juna na abinci.: Zagayowar rayuwar wurin zubar da shara na birni tana da matakai daban-daban guda biyar:
Daidaitawar farko (Mataki na I) Yayin da aka sanya sharar a cikin rumbun ƙasa, wuraren da ba kowa ba sun ƙunshi babban adadin oxygen na kwayoyin halitta O2 Tare da ƙarawa da ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, abun cikin O 2 na ɓangarorin ɓoyayyun halittu na ƙasa yana raguwa a hankali. Yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna girma, ana samun yawa yana ƙaruwa. Aerobic biodegradation ya mamaye, watau farkon mai karɓar lantarki shine O 2 Canji (Mataki na II) O 2 yana raguwa da sauri ta yawan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ragewar O 2 yana haifar da ƙarancin motsa jiki da ƙarin yanayin anaerobic a cikin yadudduka. Masu karɓa na farko na lantarki a lokacin canji sune nitrates da sulfates tun lokacin da O 2 ke gudun hijira ta CO 2 a cikin iskar gas.
Samuwar Acid (Mataki na III) Hydrolysis na juzu'in da ba za a iya cirewa daga cikin dattin datti yana farawa a lokacin samar da acid, wanda ke haifar da saurin tattara fatty acids (VFAs) a cikin lechate. Ƙara yawan abun ciki na acid Organic yana rage leachate pH daga kusan 7.5 zuwa 5.6. A lokacin wannan lokaci, madaidaitan mahadi kamar VFAs suna ba da gudummawar buƙatun iskar oxygen (COD). Dogon sarka mai canzawa Organic acid (VOAs) ana canza su zuwa acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2 CO 2, da hydrogen gas (H 2 Yawan adadin VFAs yana haɓaka buƙatun iskar oxygen na biochemical (BOD) da na Muryar Amurka, wanda ke fara samar da H 2 ta ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na H 2 -oxidizing. Tsarin ƙarni na H 2 yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci domin ya cika a ƙarshen lokacin samar da acid. Haɓakawa a cikin biomass na ƙwayoyin cuta na acidogenic yana ƙara yawan lalata kayan sharar gida da cin abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙarfe, waɗanda gabaɗaya sun fi narkewar ruwa a ƙananan pH, na iya zama mafi wayar hannu a wannan lokacin, wanda zai haifar da ƙara yawan ƙarfe a cikin leachate.
Methane fermentation (Mataki na IV) Hanyoyin samar da acid na tsaka-tsaki (misali, acetic, propionic, da butyric acid) an canza su zuwa CH 4 da CO 2 ta ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na methanogenic. Kamar yadda methanogens ke daidaita VFAs, ruwan pH na ƙasa yana komawa zuwa tsaka tsaki. Ƙarfin kwayoyin halittar leachate, wanda aka bayyana azaman buƙatar iskar oxygen, yana raguwa cikin sauri tare da haɓaka samar da iskar gas na CH 4 da CO 2 Wannan shine mafi tsayin lokaci na bazuwar ta.
Ƙarshe balaga da daidaitawa (Mataki na V) Adadin ayyukan microbiological yana raguwa yayin lokacin ƙarshe na ɓarnawar sharar gida yayin da wadatar kayan abinci ke iyakance halayen sinadarai, misali kamar yadda phosphorus bioavailable ke ƙara ƙaranci. Samar da CH 4 ya kusan ɓacewa gaba ɗaya, tare da O 2 da nau'in oxidized sannu a hankali suna sake bayyana a cikin rijiyoyin iskar gas yayin da O 2 ke ratsa ƙasa daga troposphere. Wannan yana canza yuwuwar rage oxidation-rage (ORP) a cikin leachate zuwa hanyoyin oxidative. Abubuwan da suka rage na kwayoyin halitta na iya ƙara canzawa zuwa lokacin iskar gas, kuma yayin da ake takin kwayoyin halitta; watau kwayoyin halitta suna juyar da su zuwa mahadi-kamar humic Tasirin zamantakewa da muhalli Wuraren zubar da shara suna da yuwuwar haifar da al'amura da dama. Rushewar ababen more rayuwa, kamar lalacewar hanyoyin shiga da manyan motoci, na iya faruwa. Gurbacewar hanyoyin gida da magudanan ruwa daga tayoyin kan ababen hawa lokacin da suke barin wurin da ake zubar da shara na iya zama muhimmi kuma ana iya rage su ta hanyar tsarin wanke hannu Gurɓatar muhalli na gida, kamar gurɓataccen ruwan ƙasa ko magudanar ruwa ko gurɓatar ƙasa na iya faruwa, haka nan.
Lechate Lokacin da hazo ya faɗi a buɗaɗɗen wuraren ajiyar ƙasa, ruwa yana ratsawa cikin datti kuma ya zama gurɓata da abin da aka dakatar da narkar da shi, yana haifar da leach. Idan ba'a ƙunshi wannan ba zai iya gurɓata ruwan ƙasa. Duk wuraren da ake zubar da shara na zamani suna amfani da haɗe-haɗe na layukan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin kauri na mita da yawa, wuraren tsayayyen yanayin ƙasa da tsarin tattarawa don ƙunshe da kama wannan leak ɗin. Sannan ana iya magance ta a kwashe. Da zarar wurin da ake zubar da shara ya cika, an rufe shi don hana hazo ruwa da sabon samuwar ruwa. Duk da haka, masu layi dole ne su kasance suna da tsawon rai, ya kasance shekaru ɗari da yawa ko fiye. Daga ƙarshe, duk wani injin da ke cikin ƙasa zai iya zubowa, don haka dole ne a gwada ƙasan da ke kusa da wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa don kare ƙazanta daga gurɓata ruwan ƙasa.
Rushewar iskar gas Abinci mai ruɓewa da sauran sharar jiki masu ruɓe suna haifar da iskar gas, musamman CO 2 da CH 4 daga bazuwar iska da anaerobic, bi da bi. Duka matakai biyu suna faruwa a lokaci guda a sassa daban-daban na wurin zubar da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari ga samuwa O 2, ƙananan abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas za su bambanta, dangane da shekarun zubar da ƙasa, nau'in sharar gida, abun ciki na danshi da sauran dalilai. Misali, matsakaicin adadin iskar gas da aka samar ana iya misalta sauƙaƙan amsawar diethyl oxalate wanda ke haifar da waɗannan halayen lokaci guda: 4 C 6 H 10 O 4 6 H 2 O 13 CH 4 11 CO 2
A matsakaita, kusan rabin adadin yawan adadin iskar gas shine CH 4 kuma ɗan ƙasa da rabi shine CO 2 Har ila yau, iskar gas ta ƙunshi kusan kimanin 5% nitrogen molecular (N 2 ƙasa da 1% hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ba methane ba (NMOC), game da 2700 ppmv Gas ɗin da ke cike da ƙasa na iya fitowa daga wurin da ake zubar da ƙasa zuwa cikin iska da ƙasa da ke kewaye. Methane iskar gas ce mai zafi, kuma yana ƙonewa kuma mai yuwuwar fashewa a wasu abubuwa, wanda ya sa ya zama cikakke don ƙonewa don samar da wutar lantarki mai tsafta. Tun da lalata kwayoyin halitta da sharar abinci kawai suna sakin carbon da aka kama daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar photosynthesis, babu wani sabon carbon da ke shiga cikin zagayowar carbon kuma yanayin yanayi na CO 2 bai shafi ba. Carbon dioxide yana kama zafi a cikin yanayi, yana ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi A cikin wuraren da aka sarrafa da kyau, ana tattara iskar gas kuma ana ƙonewa ko kuma a dawo dasu don amfanin iskar gas Vectors Wuraren zubar DA shara mara kyau na iya zama damuwa saboda ƙwayoyin cuta kamar beraye da kuda waɗanda ke yada cututtuka masu yaduwa. Ana iya rage faruwar irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar amfani da murfin yau da kullun Sauran abubuwan da ke damun su Wasu batutuwa masu yuwuwa sun haɗa da rushewar namun daji saboda zama da lalacewar lafiyar dabbobi ta hanyar cinye sharar gida daga wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa, ƙura, wari, gurɓataccen hayaniya, da rage ƙimar kadarorin gida da wasu abubuwan ƙyale-kyale
iskar gas Ana samar da iskar gas a wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa saboda narkewar anaerobic da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin wurin da aka sarrafa da kyau ana tattara wannan gas ɗin kuma ana amfani da shi. Amfaninsa ya bambanta daga sauƙi mai sauƙi zuwa amfani da iskar gas da samar da wutar lantarki. Sa ido kan iskar gas yana faɗakar da ma'aikata game da kasancewar tarin iskar gas zuwa matakin cutarwa. A wasu ƙasashe, farfaɗowar iskar gas yana da yawa; a {asar Amirka, alal misali, fiye da kimanin 850 wuraren sharar gida suna da tsarin dawo da iskar gas.
Ayyukan yanki
Kanada Hukumomin lardi na lardi da dokar kare muhalli ne ke sarrafa wuraren da ake cika shara a Kanada. Tsofaffin wuraren aiki suna faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin yanzu kuma ana kula da su don leaching Wasu tsoffin wuraren an canza su zuwa filin shakatawa da more rayuwa.
Tarayyar Turai A cikin Tarayyar Turai, kowane jihohi dole ne su samar da doka don biyan buƙatu da wajibai na Umarnin Filla Fil na Turai Yawancin ƙasashe membobin EU suna da dokoki da ke hanawa ko hana zubar da sharar gida ta hanyar zubar da shara.
Indiya Filayen ƙasa a halin yanzu shine babbar hanyar zubar da shara na birni a Indiya. Indiya kuma tana da filin jibge-gegen mafi girma na Asiya a Deonar, Mumbai. Ko da yake al'amura akai-akai suna tasowa saboda haɓakar haɓakar sharar ƙasa da rashin kulawa daga hukumomi. Ana yawan ganin gobarar sama da ƙasa a matsugunan ƙasar Indiya a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata.
Ƙasar Ingila Ayyukan sharar ƙasa a Burtaniya dole ne su canza a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don saduwa da ƙalubalen Umarnin Filayen shara na Turai. Yanzu Birtaniya na sanya harajin share fage akan sharar da za a iya cirewa wanda ake sakawa a wuraren da ake zubar da shara. Baya ga wannan an samar da Tsarin Kasuwancin Bayar da Fil ga ƙananan hukumomi don yin ciniki da ƙayyadaddun ƙasƙanci a Ingila. Wani tsari na daban yana aiki a Wales inda hukumomi ba za su iya 'yin ciniki' a tsakaninsu ba, amma suna da alawus da aka sani da Tsarin Allowance Landfill. Wato albashi Kenan.
Amurka Hukumar kula da muhalli ta kowace jiha ce ke sarrafa wuraren da ake zubar da shara a Amurka, wanda ke kafa mafi ƙanƙanta ƙa'idodi; duk da haka, babu ɗayan waɗannan ƙa'idodin da zai iya faɗuwa ƙasa da waɗanda Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta gindaya. Ba da izinin zubar da shara gaba ɗaya yana ɗaukar tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai, yana kashe miliyoyin daloli kuma yana buƙatar tsayayyen wurin zama, injiniyanci da nazarin muhalli da zanga-zangar don tabbatar da gamsuwa da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da aminci.
Nau'ukan Sharar gida ta gari sharar gida da kayan da ba su da haɗari. Haɗe da wannan nau'in ƙasƙan ƙasa akwai Bioreactor Landfill wanda ke lalata kayan halitta musamman.
Sharar gida: don sharar kasuwanci da masana'antu. Sauran wuraren da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da Gine-ginen Gine-gine da Rushewar tarkace da Ragowar Filayen Konewar Kwal.
Sharar gida mai haɗari ko sharar PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) matsuguni waɗanda Dokar Kula da Abubuwan Guba ta 1976 (TSCA) ke kulawa a cikin Amurka.
Batutuwan ƙwayoyin cuta Matsayin al'umman ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙayyade ingancinsa na narkewa. An gano kwayoyin cutar da ke narkewar robobi a wuraren da ake zubar da shara.
Maidowa kayan Mutum na iya ɗaukar wuraren zubar da ƙasa a matsayin madaidaicin tushen kayan aiki da kuzari A cikin ƙasashen duniya na uku, masu sharar gida sukan yi ɓarna ga kayan da har yanzu ba a iya amfani da su. A cikin mahallin kasuwanci, kamfanoni kuma sun gano wuraren zubar da ƙasa, da yawa sun fara girbi kayan aiki da makamashi. Sanannun misalan sun haɗa da wuraren dawo da iskar gas. Sauran wuraren kasuwanci sun haɗa da inneratorers waɗanda ke da ginanniyar dawo da kayan aiki. Wannan kayan dawowa yana yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da masu tacewa electro filter, aiki-carbon da potassium filter, quench, HCl-washer, SO 2 -washer, kasa ash -grating, da dai sauransu. Madadin Bugu da ƙari, dabarun rage sharar gida da sake amfani da su, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don zubar da ƙasa, ciki har da sharar gida-zuwa makamashi, narkewar anaerobic, takin gargajiya, maganin ilimin halitta, pyrolysis da plasma arc gasification Dangane da tattalin arziƙin gida da abubuwan ƙarfafawa, waɗannan za a iya sanya su mafi kyawun kuɗi fiye da wuraren zubar da ƙasa Ko muhalli.
Ƙuntatawa Kasashe da suka hada da Jamus, Ostiriya, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, da Switzerland, sun hana zubar da sharar da ba a kula da su ba a wuraren da ake zubar da shara.A cikin wasu ɓangarorin haɗari ne kawai, toka mai tashi daga ƙonawa ko ingantaccen kayan aikin injinan jiyya na ƙwayoyin cuta ana iya adana su.
Duba wasu abubuwan
Manazarta
Ci gaba da karatu Daniel A. Vallero, Kimiyyar Halittar Muhalli: Hanyar Tsarin Halitta Bugu na 2. Lantarki na Ilimi, Amsterdam, Netherlands da Boston MA, Littafin Buga eBook shekarata. 2015.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Ƙungiyar Sharar gida da sake amfani da su ta Amurka
Ƙungiya mai ƙarfi ta Arewacin Amurka
https://waste-management-world.com/a/a-compact-guide-to-landfill-operation-machinery-management-and-misconceptions
Shara
Juji
Hakki
Muhalli
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
51126 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Bekele | Daniel Bekele | Daniel Bekele: (Amharic: Daniel 17 ga watan Fabrairu 1967) lauyan Habasha ne kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama. An tsare shi daga watan Nuwamba 2005 zuwa watan Maris 2008 saboda korafin da ya yi game da tsarin babban zaben kasar Habasha na 2005. Ya kasance babban darektan sashin Afirka a Human Rights Watch daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2016. A shekarar 2019, an nada Daniel shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Habasha.
Matasa da ilimi An haifi Daniel Bekele a (1967-02-17 Ya kammala karatunsa na farko a shekarar 1989 da digirin farko a fannin shari'a sannan a shekarar 2001 ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin development studies daga jami'ar Addis Ababa. Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Oxford a 2003. Daga baya ya fara karatun digirin digirgir kan “Comparative Study of Media Law in East Africa” a Oxford.
Farkon aiki Daniel ya kasance mashawarci ga Kamfanin Sugar na Habasha a shekarun 1998-1990, sannan ya zama mashawarcin shari'a mai zaman kansa. Ya ƙware wajen tallafawa ƙungiyoyin jama'a, ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam, da haɓaka sauye-sauyen shari'a don inganta kariyar yancin mata. Daniel ya zama memba na ActionAid a shekarar 2004, ya zama mai alhakin bincike da shawarwari. Ya rike babban mukami a Kamfanin Inshora na United. Daniel na ɗaya daga cikin jagororin ɓangaren Habasha na the Global Call to Action Against Poverty campaign.
2005-2008 tsarewa Daniel ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu shirya kungiyoyin farar hula da ke gudanar da sa ido kan babban zaben kasar Habasha na shekarar 2005. Ya soki tsarin yadda aka gudanar da zaben. A ranar 16 ga watan Oktoban 2005, wasu mutane dauke da makamai da ba a san ko su waye ba sun yi masa mugun duka, wanda Amnesty International ta fassara a matsayin sakamakon sukar da ya yi kan tsarin zabe. An tsare Daniel a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 2005. A cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 2007, an yanke masa hukunci tare da Netsanet Demissie a babban kotun tarayya na Habasha saboda "harzuka da shirya 'yan adawa ga kundin tsarin mulki'" amma akasarin alkalai biyu daga cikin uku sun wanke shi daga laifin aikata "bacin rai", da rinjayen alkalai biyu daga cikin uku, bayan trial na shekara biyu. An saki Daniel da Netsanet a ranar 28 ga watan Maris 2008. Amnesty International ta yi la'akari da tsare Daniel da Netsanet da kuma hukuncin da aka yanke musu bisa la'akari da ayyukansu na 'yancin ɗan adam ne kawai, kuma ta ayyana duka a matsayin Prisoners of conscience. Daraktan Amnesty na Afirka, Erwin van der Bright, ya ce, "Abin takaici ne a kama masu fafutukar farar hula wadanda fursunonin lamiri kamar Daniel Bekele da Netsanet Demissie da kuma yanke musu hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba kawai saboda gudanar da ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama cikin lumana."
Hukumomin kare hakkin bil'adama Daniel ya kasance babban darektan kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch (HRW) a Afirka daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2016, sannan ya zama babban daraktan kula da harkokin Afirka. A watan Yulin 2019, an nada Daniel a matsayin sabon shugaban Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Habasha (EHRC), wanda aka zaba daga cikin ’yan takara 88 da Majalisar Wakilai ta Majalisar Wakilai (HoPR, karamar majalisar dokokin Habasha) ta maye gurbin Addisu Gebreegziabhier. A watan Satumba na 2021, an baiwa Daniel lambar yabo ta Afirka ta Jamus ta shekarar 2021 saboda jajircewarsa na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da dimokuradiyya.
Ra'ayi A shekarar 2012, Daniel ya soki Amurka da Tarayyar Turai don tallafawa ci gaban tattalin arziki a cikin ƙasashe masu iko yayin da kawai "ba da sabis na leɓe" ga take haƙƙin ɗan adam a waɗannan ƙasashe. Ya hada da Habasha a matsayin misali inda taimakon raya kasa ya karu yayin da 'yancin dan adam ya tabarbare sosai.
Duba kuma Andualem Aragie
Reyot Alemu
Eskinder Nega
Arena Tigray
Bekele Gerba
Habtamu Ayalew
Manazarta Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan |
21738 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim%20Ba | Ibrahim Ba | Ibrahim "Ibou" Ba (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1973) shi ne tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na dama. Fara aikinsa tare da Le Havre a Faransa a farkon shekarun 1990s, ya ci gaba da wakiltar kungiyoyi a Italiya, Ingila, Turkiyya, da Sweden kafin ya yi ritaya a AC Milan a shekarar 2008. Cikakken dan kasa da kasa tsakanin shekara ta 1997 da shekarar 1998, ya ci wasanni takwas. kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Faransa kuma ta zira kwallaye
Farkon aiki An haife shi a Dakar, babban birnin Senegal, Ibrahim Ngom Ba bai cika sha takwas ba tukuna, a shekara ta 1991, ya fara wasa a kulob din Faransa na Le Havre AC, inda ya kwashe shekaru biyar. A shekara ta 1996, ya koma Bordeaux na Ligue 1, ya kai wasan karshe na Coupe de la Ligue
AC Milan A shekarar 1997, Ba ya canza sheka daga FC Girondins de Bordeaux zuwa Milan, kuma a shekarar 1998 zuwa 1999 ya lashe gasar Serie A. Daga baya kuma aka bashi a AC Perugia, inda ya samu rauni a gwiwa. Ya sake yin wani rance, tare da Olympique de Marseille, a shekara ta 2001. Dawowa cikin Milan, Ba ya ci duka Kofin Zakarun Turai na UEFA da Coppa Italia a lokacin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu sosai a kakar wasanni ta shekarar 2002 zuwa 2003, kodayake bai taba zama dan wasa ba, wasanni 5 kacal ya buga a dukkannin wasannin a kakar.
Bolton Wanderers A shekara ta 2003, ya bar Milan ya koma Bolton Wanderers a Ingila. Ya taimaka musu suka kai ga wasan karshe na Kwallon Kafa na shekarar, 2004, suna wasa a duka kafafu biyu na nasarar kusa da karshe akan Aston Villa. Koyaya, an bar shi daga cikin tawagar ranar wasan yayin da suka yi rashin nasara a hannun Middlesbrough. Ba ya buga wasansa na karshe a wasan Bolton da Chelsea a ranar 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 2004.
Çaykur Rizespor Ya kasa yin rawar gani a Bolton, sannan ya koma Turkiyya bayan kaka daya, inda ya koma Çaykur Rizespor kan yarjejeniyar shekara daya a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, 2004.
Djurgårdens IF A ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta, 2005, Djurgårdens IF na Sweden ya sanya hannu kan Ba kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. Djurgården ya lashe duka biyun Allsvenskan da Svenska Cupen a kakarsa ta farko tare da kulob din. A farkon shekara ta, 2006, an yanke shawarar cewa kwantiraginsa za ta kare kuma daga baya ya bar Djurgården a cikin Janairun shekarar, yana taka leda a wasanni 14 kuma ya ci kwallo daya.
Komawa AC AC A farkon shekara ta, 2007 Ba ya koma Italiya don yin horo tare da ƙungiyar Serie C2 Varese don taimakawa lafiyar sa. A watan Yunin shekara ta 2007, bayan tafiya zuwa Athens tare da tawagar A.C. Milan don halartar wasan karshe na UEFA Champions League inda suka doke Liverpool Premier League ta Liverpool, Ba ya amince da kwantiragin shekara daya tare da rossoneri. A karshen kakar shekara ta, 2007 zuwa 2008, inda ya buga wasa sau daya kacal a Coppa Italia a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, ya yi ritaya daga wasan a matsayin dan wasa kuma ya zama mai leken Milan a Afirka.
Ayyukan duniya Ba ya ci wa Faransa wasa sau takwas tsakanin shekara ta, 1997 zuwa 1998, kuma ya ci kwallaye biyu. Kwallayen nasa biyu sun zo ne a wasannin sada zumunci da suka yi da Portugal da Afirka ta Kudu.
Rayuwar mutum Ibrahim Ba dan ɗa ne a shekara ta, 1970 dan ƙasar Senegal Ibrahima Ba (an haife shi a shekara ta, 1951), wanda ya kammala aikinsa a Faransa, inda ya taimaka wa Le Havre AC zuwa ci gaba a shekara ta, 1979 kuma ya kammala aikinsa a SC Abbeville. Karamin dan Ibrahima Ba, Fabien (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta, 1994) shi ma dan kwallon ne, yana wasa a Italiya tare da Giovanissimi Nazionali na tsohon dan uwansa Ibrahim tsohon kulob din AC Milan. A cikin shekarar, 2018, Paolo Maldini ya sanya sunan Ba daya daga cikin manyan abokansa daga duniyar kwallon kafa.
Daraja Kulab AC Milan Serie A: 1998–1999
Uefa Champions League: 2002 03
Coppa Italia: 2002-2003
Djurgårdens IF Allsvenskan: 2005 Kofin Sweden: 2005
Bayani "Ba ya koma Milan". UEFA. 1 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2002. An dawo da 14 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2015. "Bolton 5-2 Aston Villa". BBC. 21 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2004. An dawo da 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013. "Aston Villa 2-0 Bolton". BBC. 27 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2004. An dawo da 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013.
"Bolton 0-2 Chelsea". BBC. 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2004. An dawo da 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013."Çaykur Rizespor Babrahim Ba ile anlaştı". arsiv.ntv.com.tr. An dawo 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2021. "Ibrahim Ba ya shirya wa Djurgården". Aftonbladet (a Yaren mutanen Sweden). An dawo 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2021. Masu horarwar suna da ban tsoro Aftonbladet (a Yaren mutanen Sweden). An dawo 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2021.
"Sv Cupen maza: Djurgården ya ci biyu svenskfotboll.se". www2.svenskfotboll.se. An dawo 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2021."Ba ya bar Djurgården". DIF.se. "Ibrahim Ba a Varese" (a cikin Italiyanci). AS Varese 1910. An adana daga asali ranar 21 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 200 'Dinho ya farfado da haɗin Milan?". Kwallon kafa Italia. 13 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2007. An adana daga asali ranar 9 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2007. An dawo da 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2007. "OFFICIAL: Ibou Ba torna al Milan" (a yaren Italiyanci). Kwallon kafa Italia. 15 Yuni 2007. An dawo da 30 Yuli 2007. "Ba ya yi ritaya, ya hau kan mukamin Scout a Milan Goal.com". www.goal.com. An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021 "Ba ya koma Milan". UEFA. 1 Fabrairu 2002. An dawo da 14 Maris 2015. "Bolton 5-2 Aston Villa". BBC. 21 Janairu 2004. An dawo da 22 Janairu 2013. "Aston Villa 2-0 Bolton". BBC. 27 Janairu 2004. An dawo da 22 Janairu 2013. "Bolton 0-2 Chelsea". BBC. 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2004. An dawo da 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013. "Çaykur Rizespor Babrahim Ba ile anlaştı". arsiv.ntv.com.tr. An dawo 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2021. "Ibrahim Ba ya shirya wa Djurgården". Aftonbladet (a Yaren mutanen Sweden). An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. Masu horarwar suna da ban tsoro Aftonbladet (a Yaren mutanen Sweden). An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. "Sv Cupen maza: Djurgården ya ci biyu svenskfotboll.se". www2.svenskfotboll.se. An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. "Ba ya bar Djurgården". DIF.se. "Ibrahim Ba a Varese" (a cikin Italiyanci). AS Varese 1910. An adana daga asali ranar 21 ga Yuni 2007. "'Dinho ya farfado da haɗin Milan?". Kwallon kafa Italia. 13 Yuni 2007. An adana daga asali ranar 9 ga Yulin 2007. An dawo da 30 Yuli 2007. "OFFICIAL: Ibou Ba torna al Milan" (a yaren Italiyanci). Kwallon kafa Italia. 15 Yuni 2007. An dawo da 30 Yuli 2007. "Ba ya yi ritaya, ya hau kan mukamin Scout a Milan Goal.com". www.goal.com. An dawo 22 Fabrairun shekarar 2021. "Ibrahim Ba» Internationals "Abokai". duniya.net. An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. "Faransa da Afirka ta Kudu, 11 ga Oktoba 1997". 11v11.com. An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. "Portugal da Faransa 22 Janairu 1997 Soccerway". us.soccerway.com. An dawo 22 Fabrairu 2021. A.C. Milan Giovanissimi Nazionali ya Adana 9 Afrilu 2009 a Wayback Machine https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Milan/24-06-2018/50-volte-maldini-sono-uomo-felice-la-pelle-rossonera-28071449050.shtml?refresh_ce-cp Tambaya 42 http://www.difarkivet.se/dif_sm_guld_seniorer.pdf
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Ibrahim Ba a Soccerbase Gyara wannan a Wikidata Ibrahim Ba a Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Faransa (a Faransanci) Ibrahim Ba a Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Faransa (an adana shi (cikin |
61019 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihin%20Kungiyar%20Hockey%20ta%20Kasa%20%281917-1942%29 | Tarihin Kungiyar Hockey ta Kasa (1917-1942) | An kafa Kungiyar Hockey ta Kasa (NHL) a cikin 1917 bayan mutuwar kungiyar da ta gabace ta, Kungiyar Hockey ta Kasa (NHA). A cikin ƙoƙari na cire Eddie Livingstone a matsayin mai shi na Toronto Blueshirts, mafi rinjaye na NHA franchises (The Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs sun dakatar da NHA kuma sun kafa sabuwar NHL. Quebec Bulldogs, yayin da yake memba, ba su yi aiki a cikin NHL na shekaru biyu na farko ba. Madadin haka masu Gidan Lambun Arena na Toronto sun gudanar da sabon ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani na Toronto. Yayin da aka yi nufin NHL a matsayin ma'auni na wucin gadi, ci gaba da takaddama tare da Livingstone ya haifar da taron masu NHA guda hudu tare da sanya dakatar da NHA ta dindindin shekara guda bayan haka.
Ƙarni na farko na NHL ya ga gasar ta fafatawa da manyan gasa biyu masu hamayya, Ƙungiyar Hockey ta Pacific Coast da Western Canada Hockey League, don 'yan wasa da gasar Stanley NHL ta fara faɗaɗa cikin Amurka a cikin 1924 tare da kafuwar Boston Bruins, kuma ya zuwa 1926 ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi goma a cikin Ontario, Quebec, yankin Manyan Tafkuna da Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka A lokaci guda, NHL ta fito a matsayin babbar gasar lig guda ɗaya kuma ita kaɗai ce mai fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Stanley.
Wasan da kansa ya ci gaba da bunkasa a wannan lokacin. An gabatar da sabbin abubuwa da yawa ga ƙa'idodi da kayan aiki yayin da NHL ke ƙoƙarin haɓaka kwararar wasan da kuma sa wasan ya fi son abokantaka. NHL ta taka leda tare da maza shida zuwa gefe maimakon bakwai na gargajiya, kuma tana cikin ƙungiyoyin farko don ba da damar masu gola su bar ƙafafunsu don yin ceto. Sawun NHL ya bazu ko'ina cikin Kanada yayin da aka ji watsa shirye-shiryen rediyon Foster Hewitt daga bakin teku zuwa bakin teku tun daga 1933
An gina Dandalin Montreal da Maple Leaf Gardens, kuma kowannensu ya buga bakuncin wasannin fa'idar All-Star da aka gudanar don tara kuɗi don tallafawa Ace Bailey da dangin Howie Morenz a Toronto da Montreal, bi da bi. Ayyukan 'yan wasan biyu sun ƙare saboda wani abin da ya faru a kan kankara, tare da Morenz ya mutu a ƙarshe, wata guda bayan ya sami rauni na farko. Waɗannan wasannin farko na NHL All-Star za su kai ga wasannin All-Star na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke ci gaba a yau.
Babban Bala'in da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya rage gasar zuwa ƙungiyoyi shida ta 1942. Ƙungiyoyin kafa Ottawa, da ƙungiyoyin fadada New York Amirkawa, Montreal Maroons da Pittsburgh Pirates Philadelphia Quakers sun wuce daga wurin. Ƙungiyar Faɗawa Detroit Falcons ta ayyana fatarar kudi a cikin 1932 kuma ta tsira ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chicago Shamrocks na Ƙungiyar Hockey ta Amurka da kuma aljihun mai wadata James Norris ya zama Detroit Red Wings Matsanancin yanayi a Montreal yana nufin cewa birnin ya kusan rasa duka ƙungiyoyin sa a cikin 1930s; Canadiens sun kusan ƙaura zuwa Cleveland, amma sun tsira saboda ƙarfin goyon bayansa. Ƙungiyoyin shida da suka bar tsaye a cikin 1942 (Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers da Toronto Maple Leafs an san su a yau a matsayin Asali shida Shekarun farko Babban tauraron NHL na farko shine "Phantom" Joe Malone Zakaran zira kwallaye na NHA sau biyu, Malone ya zira kwallaye biyar ga Montreal Canadiens a nasara 7–4 akan Sanatocin Ottawa a daren bude NHL. Malone ya ci gaba da yin rikodin burin 44 na jagora a cikin wasanni 20 a cikin 1917–18 Ya sake jagorantar NHL wajen zira kwallaye a cikin 1919–20, inda ya zira kwallaye 39 a wasanni 24 tare da Quebec. A lokacin wannan kakar, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1920, Malone ya zira kwallaye bakwai a wasa daya a kan Toronto St. Patricks, rikodin da ke tsaye a yau. An zaɓi Malone zuwa Gidan Hockey na Fame a cikin 1950. Burin farko a tarihin NHL shine Dave Ritchie na Montreal Wanderers ya ci minti daya cikin nasara 10 9 akan Toronto, wanda shine nasarar da Wanderers suka yi a cikin NHL. Ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1918, wuta ta lalata filin wasa na Montreal, gida ga duka Wanderers da Kanada. Yayin da Canadiens suka koma Jubilee Arena na 3,000, Lichtenhein ya zaɓi ya janye Wanderers, yana nuna rashin samun 'yan wasa saboda yakin. NHL ta ci gaba da kasancewa ta ƙungiyoyi uku har zuwa lokacin da Quebec ya dawo gare ta a cikin 1919. A cikin shekarunta na farko, NHL ta ci gaba da tsarin tsagawar lokacin NHA. Zakaran rabin na farko Canadiens ya fadi a hannun zakaran rabin na biyu na Toronto a gasar cin kofin O'Brien na 1918 ta hanyar hada maki 10–7 a wasa biyu, jimillar jerin raga. Nasarar ta baiwa Toronto damar fuskantar zakaran Kungiyar Hockey ta Pacific Coast, the Vancouver Millionaires, a Gasar Gasar Cin Kofin Stanley. Torontos ta doke Vancouver don zama ƙungiyar NHL ta farko da ta lashe Kofin. Canadiens sun ci gasar NHL akan Sanatoci a 1918–19, kuma sun yi tafiya yamma don saduwa da zakaran PCHA, Babban Birnin Seattle An fi tunawa da jerin gwanon don sokewar sa tare da jerin da aka ɗaure a nasara biyu, asara biyu, da kunnen doki (2–2–1) saboda cutar sankarau ta Sipaniya 'Yan wasa da yawa daga kungiyoyin biyu sun kamu da rashin lafiya, lamarin da ya sa jami'an kiwon lafiya a Seattle soke wasan na shida, da yanke hukunci. Mai tsaron lafiyar Kanada Joe Hall ya mutu sakamakon mura a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1919. A halin da ake ciki, zakarun na Toronto sun ƙare a matsayi na ƙarshe a cikin rabi na 1918–19. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Toronto ta sanar da ƙungiyar cewa ta janye daga gasar. NHL ta guji ragewa zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu don 1919–20 lokacin da aka sake tsara ƙungiyar azaman Toronto St. Patricks. Har ila yau, ikon mallakar Quebec ya dawo, (wanda aka sani da kakar wasa ta Quebec Athletic Club yana kara gasar zuwa kungiyoyi hudu. Kulob din Quebec ya buga rikodin 4 20 a cikin 1919 20, duk da dawowar Malone. Lokaci ne na ƙarshe na ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani a cikin birnin Quebec, yana ƙaura zuwa Hamilton, Ontario, a cikin 1920 don zama Hamilton Tigers Gasa tare da WCHL Tun daga cikin 1921, NHL ta fuskanci gasa daga babban gasa na uku, ƙungiyar Hockey ta Western Canada (WCHL). Tare da gasar lig guda uku da ke fafatawa don hazaka, 'yan wasan hockey na kankara sun kasance cikin ƴan wasa mafiya samun kuɗi a Arewacin Amurka. Sun ba da umarnin albashi daidai da manyan 'yan wasan Baseball na lokacin. WCHL ta rayu tsawon yanayi shida kawai, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da PCHA a cikin 1924, amma ta ƙalubalanci NHL don Kofin Stanley sau huɗu. A cikin 1923 Stanley Cup Finals, Sanatoci sun ci Edmonton Eskimos bayan sun kawar da PCHA's Vancouver Millionaires. A cikin 1924, Canadiens sun ci nasara akan PCHA's Millionaires da WCHL's Calgary Tigers a kan ƙarfin rufewar biyu ta Georges Vezina da kuma wani mummunan mummunan nunawa ta hanyar rookie na gaba Howie Morenz |
24571 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Patrick%20Baffour | Robert Patrick Baffour | Robert Patrick Baffour, OBE, OV (14 ga Mayu 1912 6 ga Yuni 1993), injiniyan ƙasar Ghana ne, ɗan siyasa kuma mai kula da jami'a wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Ya kuma kasance jagora a ilimin injiniya a Ghana.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Robert Patrick Baffour (aka Papa Andoh) a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1912 a Elmina. Mahaifinsa yana hidimar Ma'aikatan Burtaniya a Najeriya a matsayin Jagoran Makarantu. Shi ne ɗan fari na Robert Patrick Baffour Andoh da Maria Frederica Adwoa Kane (Okai).
Kakan mahaifinsa shine Cif Kweku Andoh na Elmina wanda yayi aiki a yakin Sir Garnet Wolseley akan Prempeh I, Sarkin Ashanti. An nada shi sarautar jihar Edina bayan korar Cif Kobina Gyan da Turawan Ingila suka yi. Kakar mahaifin Baffour ita ce babbar 'yar Yaa Na Yakubu I na kabilar Dagomba mai suna Napari. Chief Andoh ya kubutar da ita daga Ashanti yayin kamfen din Prempeh kuma an sanya mata suna Efua Yendi. An kuma san ta da Nana Awuyea.
Kakan mahaifiyarsa shine Cif Nii Kofi Okai na yankin Gbese, Accra, wanda aka fi sani da Joseph H. Kane. Yana da aiki a matsayin malami kuma dan kasuwa. Baffour shi ma jikan George Emil Eminsang ne, wanda shi ne lauya na farko da ya fara karatu a Yammacin Turai a Gold Coast.
Tsakanin 1917 da 1926, Baffour ya halarci makarantu daban -daban a Ghana da Najeriya: Makarantar Katolika a Elmina, Makarantar Gwamnatin Okar a Najeriya da Kwalejin Richmond.
Baffour ya halarci Makarantar Mfantsipim kuma ya sami Takaddar Sakandare ta Cambridge tare da kebe daga Matriculation na London. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ya sami babbar daraja ta musamman da ta zo na farko a jarrabawar farar hula ta zamaninsa. Amma duk da haka maimakon shiga aikin farar hula na Burtaniya, ya zaɓi ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Kwalejin Achimota don yin karatun injiniya, inda Charles Deakin, malamin injiniyan kafa a makarantar ya koyar da shi. Ya zama ɗan ƙasar Ghana na farko da ya sami digiri na Jami'ar London a injiniyan injiniya a ƙasar Ghana.
Aiki
Injiniya da hidimar jama'a Baffour ya fara aikinsa tare da layin dogo na Gold Coast sannan daga baya ya zama malamin injiniya a Makarantar Achimota. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira da sababbin abubuwa akwai 'Descender gear', na'urar hana zamewa don zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, 250 classes locomotive' da na'urar kewaya ta jirgin sama.
Ya kuma rike mukaman gudanarwa da dama a cikin aikin farar hula, daga ciki akwai na Babban Sakataren Ma’aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa. Ya taka rawar gani wajen zabar wuraren da za a gina madatsar ruwan Akosombo, da tsarawa da fadada birnin Tema da Harbour, da aikin tashar jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi na Elmina baya ga kafuwar Kwalejin Nautical da Black Star Line. Lokacin da Baffour yayi aiki a majalisar birnin Accra, ya shiga cikin kera motoci, musamman motocin 'Ewurakua da 'King Kong'. Ya kuma kasance cikin shirin tsara Kaneshie Estates ta amfani da fasahar gini da aka riga aka ƙera.
A lokacin aikinsa, Baffour ya rike manyan mukamai da dama, ciki har da a matsayin shugaban hukumar hadakar karfe da karafa da kuma shugaban farko na hukumar makamashin nukiliya ta Ghana. Ya kasance mai motsawa a cikin tara kuɗi don Opon Manse Karfe Ayyuka.
Shi ne ya zuga aikin Tashar Nukiliya ta Kwabenya da aka dakatar, watanni shida da kammalawa, sakamakon juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi wa Kwame Nkrumah. A cikin 1962, an zaɓi Baffour shugaban zaman taro na 6 na babban taron Hukumar Makamashin Atomic ta Duniya (IAEA).
Mataimakin shugaban jami'a Daga ƙarshe a lokacin mulkin Nkrumah, ya kasance babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo don canza Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kumasi zuwa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah a 1960, ya zama mataimakiyar shugabanta na farko a 1961. Baffour yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kansila na KNUST daga 1961 zuwa 1967. Wannan ya biyo bayan yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban magabacin jami'ar daga 1960 zuwa 1961.
Siyasa Nkrumah ya shafe shi ya zama magajinsa. Sai dai abin takaici, bayan rashin jituwa da sauran membobin jam’iyyar, an kori Baffour daga jam’iyyar. A 1979, ya yi takara a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa.
Fasaha da al'ada Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu tallafawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1952, wanda aka shirya a Helsinki. Mai son fasaha, ya kasance mai yin fina-finai, musamman, “A Day in the life of an African” wanda Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya ya samar da kuma “Progress in Kojokrom” (fim wanda aka baje shi a ko'ina cikin Kogin Zinariya. Waɗannan sun sa mutane su san sabon canjin da aka samu a ƙaramar hukuma) da “The Boy Kumasenu”. A garinsu, Elmina, ya shirya bukukuwa, Edina Korye Kuw da Edina Mpuntu Fekuw. Ya jagoranci kamfani na Number Seven Asafo Company, Nyampafo. Daga baya a rayuwarsa, ya yi aikin likitanci na gidaopathic a matsayin mai son.
Kyaututtuka da karramawa An ba shi lambar yabo ta OBE a karramawar Sarauniya a shekarar 1953. A shekarar 1979, gwamnatin Ghana ta saka masa jari da Order of Volta. KNUST ta yi masa ado da digirin girmamawa a kimiyya.
Rayuwar mutum Dansa, Fritz Baffour, ɗan jarida kuma mai ba da shawara kan sadarwa ya yi aiki da ɗan Majalisar Tarayya daga 2009 zuwa 2016 da Ministan Watsa Labarai a 2012 a ƙarƙashin National Democratic Congress.
Mutuwa R.P Baffour ya mutu a Elmina saboda dalilai na halitta a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1993, yana da shekaru 81. An binne shi a makabartar Holland ta Elmina.
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