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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…ุŒ ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
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diabetes mellitus clinical utility of measuring
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insulin, proinsulin, c-peptide and glucagonุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ analytes
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ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŸุทุจุนุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุญุณุจ
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ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด role
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ routine testingูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ูˆ ุงู†ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ differential
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diagnosis ุจูŠู† ู„ูˆ type 1 ูˆ type 2 ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ Insulin ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณ
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ุงู„ู€C-peptideุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
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ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุน ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ routine
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testing ุจู…ุง ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† Evaluation of fasting hypoglycemia ุจุนุดุงู†
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ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ
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ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
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ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
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Evaluation of Polycystic Ovary Syndromeู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ syndrome ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… insulin
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resistance ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ insulin
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ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ fasting blood glucose ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
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ุจู€ HOMA IR ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ insulin
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resistanceุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ formula ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ home IR
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ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุงุถุญุงู† ุงู„ home IR ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุถุฑุจ
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ units
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ู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ milligram per deciliter ุฃูˆ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุถุฑุจ
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† point ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู†
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ุงู„ glucose units ุงู„ one millimole per literูˆ ุงู„
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units ู„ุฃ ุงู„ insulin micro units ู„ูƒู„ mil ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจ
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ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
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ูˆููŠุด ุฃูŠ insulin resistance ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ home IR
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ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ early insulin resistance ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ
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ู…ู† 1.9 ูˆ significant insulin resistance ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
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home IR ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 2.9
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ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† for
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classification of diabetes mellitus ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด
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ุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู„ูŠ glucose ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ absolute
38
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deficiency of ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ
39
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ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† .. ุงู† .. ุงู† ู‚ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุงู† .. ุงู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ ุฏู‡ุจูŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ type one ู‡ู„
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ู‡ูˆ type two ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ modyุฃูŠุถู‹ุง prediction of diabetes
42
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mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ุน
43
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€ diabetes mellitus
44
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ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ HOMA IR
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ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง insulin resistance ูˆู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠุตุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงู‹ุจุงู„ู€
47
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diabetes mellitus ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type
48
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1 ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€
49
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ุงู„ beta cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ concentration
50
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ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†
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assessment of beta cell activity ุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูŠู… ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
52
00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:38,090
beta cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุง
53
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selection of optimal therapy for diabetes ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰
54
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
55
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ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
56
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ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง
57
00:04:55,450 --> 00:05:02,860
ูƒุงู†ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ exogenous insulin ุงูˆ
58
00:05:02,860 --> 00:05:10,180
ู„ุฃ Invisitation of insulin resistance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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00:05:15,190 --> 00:05:19,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Polycystic
61
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Ovary Syndrome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง AIR
62
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Prediction of the Development of Coronary Artery
63
00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:34,450
Disease ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ insulin
64
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resistance ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ atherosclerosis ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
65
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ุงู„ coronary artery disease ุทุจุนุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
66
00:05:44,170 --> 00:05:50,190
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆู†ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Proinsulin
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00:05:50,190 --> 00:05:56,630
ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis of beta cell tumors ู„ุฃู†
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00:05:56,630 --> 00:06:00,430
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ beta cell tumors ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
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00:06:00,430 --> 00:06:06,970
ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Proinsulin ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„
70
00:06:06,970 --> 00:06:09,510
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€
71
00:06:09,510 --> 00:06:14,350
Proinsulin ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุญุงู„ุงุช
72
00:06:14,350 --> 00:06:17,670
ุงู„ูู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ hyperproinsulinemia
73
00:06:18,270 --> 00:06:22,770
ู„ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุฃู† ุงู„ insulin is not
74
00:06:22,770 --> 00:06:28,830
sufficiently processed before secretion ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
75
00:06:28,830 --> 00:06:31,770
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„
76
00:06:31,770 --> 00:06:37,270
.. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pro-insulin ุฅู„ู‰ insulin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
77
00:06:37,270 --> 00:06:43,330
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ insulin
78
00:06:43,330 --> 00:06:46,810
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ immature form of insulin ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
79
00:06:46,810 --> 00:06:48,950
pro-insulin
80
00:06:53,060 --> 00:07:01,060
ุงู„ู€ C-peptide ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู†
81
00:07:01,060 --> 00:07:08,700
ุฃู†ู‡ evaluation of fasting hypoglycemia ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
82
00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:13,040
ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ beta cell ุงู„ tumors
83
00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:23,810
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ with beta cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumors ูŠุนู†ูŠ
84
00:07:23,810 --> 00:07:29,450
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ุตู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ InsulinูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด
85
00:07:29,450 --> 00:07:34,450
ุญุงุณุจุฉ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ diagnosis
86
00:07:34,450 --> 00:07:38,750
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
87
00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:43,490
hyperinsulinism intermittent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
88
00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:48,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
89
00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:51,310
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Insulin ู…ุงู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠุด
90
00:07:51,310 --> 00:07:55,710
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Insulin ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
91
00:07:55,710 --> 00:07:58,770
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide
92
00:07:58,770 --> 00:08:06,290
concentration ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ููŠุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‡
93
00:08:06,290 --> 00:08:10,970
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ concentration ู„ู€ C-peptide ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจู€
94
00:08:10,970 --> 00:08:14,890
5 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Insulin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,170
ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ C-peptidehas a longer half life
96
00:08:21,170 --> 00:08:25,350
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ evaluation
97
00:08:25,350 --> 00:08:30,450
ู„ู€infectious ุงู„ู„ูŠ
98
00:08:30,450 --> 00:08:34,910
ู‡ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง fasting hypoglycemia ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
99
00:08:34,910 --> 00:08:40,990
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€exogenousุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
100
00:08:40,990 --> 00:08:46,580
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€C-peptideูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
101
00:08:46,580 --> 00:08:51,160
ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู„ ุจ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
102
00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:56,440
endogenous insulin ุฃูˆ ุจ .. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ exogenous
103
00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:01,780
insulinุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Insulin
104
00:09:01,780 --> 00:09:06,920
concentration high ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ C-peptide values ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
105
00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:11,060
low ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดูŠุงุจุฉ
106
00:09:11,060 --> 00:09:13,860
ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† Classification of diabetes
107
00:09:13,860 --> 00:09:17,500
mellitus Assessment of beta cell activity
108
00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:22,250
Obtaining insurance coverage for insulin pumpูŠุนู†ูŠ
109
00:09:22,250 --> 00:09:26,090
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
110
00:09:26,090 --> 00:09:33,310
ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจุนุถ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
111
00:09:33,310 --> 00:09:39,750
ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฑู insulin pump
112
00:09:39,750 --> 00:09:44,950
ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ C-peptide
113
00:09:45,650 --> 00:09:49,630
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
114
00:09:49,630 --> 00:09:54,350
monitoring of therapy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠูƒุชู…ูŠ
115
00:09:54,350 --> 00:09:58,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
116
00:09:58,410 --> 00:10:04,130
ุงู„ู€ pancreas ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงู„
117
00:10:04,130 --> 00:10:09,950
ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide
118
00:10:09,950 --> 00:10:13,190
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide ู‡ุฐุง
119
00:10:13,190 --> 00:10:18,170
ู‡ูŠุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„
120
00:10:18,170 --> 00:10:24,410
ูƒุงู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
121
00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:29,190
partial pancreatectomy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู… ุงุณุชู‚ุตุงู„
122
00:10:29,190 --> 00:10:33,570
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pancreas ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
123
00:10:33,570 --> 00:10:38,420
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ Exocrineุงู„ู€ glands ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุฒ
124
00:10:38,420 --> 00:10:43,900
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide ุนุดุงู†
125
00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:48,060
ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰
126
00:10:48,060 --> 00:10:53,720
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€
127
00:10:53,720 --> 00:11:00,060
transplant ู„ู„ eyelids of longer handsุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
128
00:11:00,060 --> 00:11:05,160
ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ Transplantation ู„ Islets of
129
00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:10,360
longer hands ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ islets ูŠุนู†ูŠ
130
00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:18,500
ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฏุช ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ insulin ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู…ุง
131
00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:24,060
ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ monitoring therapy ูˆ ุงู„ immunomodulation
132
00:11:24,060 --> 00:11:31,040
of type 1ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immunomodulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ
133
00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:41,960
part of immunotherapy ู„ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
134
00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:45,440
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุทูŠุจ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ beta smaletas ุฃูˆ ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู…ู…ูƒู†
135
00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:49,400
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุทูŠุจ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ beta smaletas ู„ูƒู†
136
00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:55,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุงู„ู€ Beta cells ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชู…
137
00:11:55,950 --> 00:12:05,350
ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
138
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:12,810
ุฒูŠ ุชุซุจูŠุช ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุงูุธ
139
00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:19,010
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Beta-cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
140
00:12:19,010 --> 00:12:23,590
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุต ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู
141
00:12:23,590 --> 00:12:32,090
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€immune modulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุนู†ุฏู‡
142
00:12:32,090 --> 00:12:36,070
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ glucagon ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุชู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง
143
00:12:36,070 --> 00:12:41,910
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ diagnosis of alpha cell tumors
144
00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:45,350
pathogenesis
145
00:12:45,350 --> 00:12:54,020
of type 1 diabetes mellitus ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุงู„ุณุจุจ
146
00:12:54,020 --> 00:12:59,900
ู„ูŠุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes mellitus ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ
147
00:12:59,900 --> 00:13:03,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune destruction of beta cells
148
00:13:03,740 --> 00:13:11,500
ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
149
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:17,380
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุจุงู„ู€ Type 1 ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
150
00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:20,440
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ idiopathic
151
00:13:22,670 --> 00:13:25,270
ุงู„ู€ in the vast majority of patients destruction
152
00:13:25,270 --> 00:13:31,910
is mediated by T cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„
153
00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:36,890
ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune destruction ุจู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
154
00:13:36,890 --> 00:13:45,470
type 1a ุฃูˆ immune mediated diabetes ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
155
00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:51,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุจูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู‡ูˆุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Beta
156
00:13:51,500 --> 00:13:56,040
-cells ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Alpha
157
00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:59,880
-cells ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Delta-cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ู€
158
00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:04,260
Delta-cells are preserved ุจุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ
159
00:14:04,260 --> 00:14:10,040
ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… The islet cells have a chronic mononuclear
160
00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:15,560
cell infiltrate ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงinfiltration
161
00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:19,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lymphocytic infiltration ู„ุงู„ู€ islets of
162
00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:24,840
Langerhans ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง enceolitis
163
00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:28,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inflammation of the islets of Langerhans
164
00:14:28,740 --> 00:14:32,580
ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lymphocytic
165
00:14:32,580 --> 00:14:34,180
infiltration
166
00:14:36,990 --> 00:14:43,570
ุงู„ู€ Autoimmune Destruction ุงู„ู€ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู‚ุฏูŠ
167
00:14:43,570 --> 00:14:46,810
ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง Destruction of Beta Cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
168
00:14:46,810 --> 00:14:52,710
Type I ุฏู‡ Beta Smaletas ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
169
00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:58,810
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† month ู„ years ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฃุณุจุงุจ
170
00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:07,890
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„
171
00:15:07,890 --> 00:15:12,410
clinical presentations ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูˆ ุงู„ diagnosis ู…ู…ูƒู†
172
00:15:12,410 --> 00:15:18,370
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ symptoms ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† 80 ุฅู„ู‰ 90
173
00:15:18,370 --> 00:15:26,650
ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ beta cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุตุงุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠู‡ุง
174
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,360
ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
175
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:37,840
ุฃุณุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
176
00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:42,980
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ destruction ู„ ุงู„ beta
177
00:15:42,980 --> 00:15:51,360
cells ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณุฑุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
178
00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:55,920
ุงู„ autoimmune destruction ู„ ุงู„ beta cellsุจูŠุชู…
179
00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:59,680
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ antibodies
180
00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:07,080
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ุชุชู…
181
00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:14,400
ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
182
00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:19,240
ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง Detection ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum
183
00:16:19,240 --> 00:16:24,080
ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ patients years before the onset of
184
00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:29,520
hyperglycemia ู„ุฃู† ุญู„ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงู„ู€ ุงู„
185
00:16:29,520 --> 00:16:32,580
destruction ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
186
00:16:32,580 --> 00:16:37,060
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ antibodies ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
187
00:16:37,060 --> 00:16:42,220
antibodies ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ patients serumู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Antibodies
188
00:16:42,220 --> 00:16:47,140
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes
189
00:16:47,140 --> 00:16:51,640
mellitus ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฉ Cell Cytoplasmic Antibodies
190
00:16:51,640 --> 00:17:01,100
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุถุฏ ุฃู†ุชุฌูŠู†ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุณูŠุงู„ูˆ
191
00:17:01,100 --> 00:17:05,460
ุฅูŠุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ูƒูˆู†ุฌูŠุฌูŠุช ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
192
00:17:05,460 --> 00:17:09,360
ุจุงู„ู€Cytoplasm of all endocrine cells of the
193
00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:14,120
pancreatic eyelids. These antibodies are detected
194
00:17:14,120 --> 00:17:17,480
in the serum of 0.5% of normal subjectsุŒ ุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
195
00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:21,160
ุฃู† ุงู„ู€antibodies ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
196
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:26,800
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู† 0.5%of
197
00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:32,100
normal subjects ู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ
198
00:17:32,100 --> 00:17:34,640
ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes mellitus
199
00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:40,620
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 75% ุฅู„ู‰ 85% of patients with a newly
200
00:17:40,620 --> 00:17:43,920
diagnosed Type 1 diabetes mellitus have eyelid
201
00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:50,320
cell cytoplasmic antibodies ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
202
00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:54,890
antibody ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู†ุดู„ูŠู† O2
203
00:17:54,890 --> 00:18:00,390
Antibodies ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
204
00:18:00,390 --> 00:18:02,530
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
205
00:18:02,530 --> 00:18:08,950
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Type 1
206
00:18:08,950 --> 00:18:15,830
Diabetes Mellitus ูŠุง ุจุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
207
00:18:15,830 --> 00:18:21,170
Antibodies ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุณู† ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
208
00:18:23,340 --> 00:18:28,700
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุณู† ุงู„ู€ 12 ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
209
00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:34,140
Antibodies ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู†ุฏ 40% ุฃูˆ
210
00:18:34,140 --> 00:18:40,120
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
211
00:18:40,120 --> 00:18:43,220
ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ detection ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡
212
00:18:43,220 --> 00:18:50,260
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู€ 0.5%ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู†
213
00:18:50,260 --> 00:18:56,800
antibodies ู„ู€ 65-kD-isoform of glutamic acid D
214
00:18:56,800 --> 00:19:00,040
-carboxylase ุงู„ูˆุงู„ุฌุงุฏ 65
215
00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:06,110
ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antibodies
216
00:19:06,110 --> 00:19:11,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
217
00:19:11,710 --> 00:19:15,710
diagnosis ู„ุดุฎุต with type 1 diabetes ู…ู„ูŠุชุงุณ ูˆุนู†ุง
218
00:19:15,710 --> 00:19:22,790
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ detection ู„ู„ู€
219
00:19:22,790 --> 00:19:25,090
antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ against glutamic acid
220
00:19:25,090 --> 00:19:28,750
decarboxylase 10 years before the onset of a
221
00:19:28,750 --> 00:19:33,020
clinical type 1 diabetesู…ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุงุณ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
222
00:19:33,020 --> 00:19:37,980
antibodies ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู† 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ patients within you
223
00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:44,280
ุงู„ู„ูŠ diagnosed type 1 diabetes ู…ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ
224
00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:49,160
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดุฎุต ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง type 2
225
00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:50,360
diabetes ู…ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุงุณ
226
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:56,220
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ apparently ูŠุนู†ูŠ type 2 diabetes mellitus
227
00:19:56,220 --> 00:20:05,920
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฌุงุฏ 65 antibodies ูˆุทุจุนุง
228
00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:11,080
ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ antibodies ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
229
00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:15,620
patient ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ diagnosis ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
230
00:20:15,620 --> 00:20:17,220
ู‡ูˆ type 1 diabetes
231
00:20:24,180 --> 00:20:31,160
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ
232
00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:36,680
ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 1 diabetes
233
00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:45,610
mellitus ูˆู…ุด type 2ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€type 2
234
00:20:45,610 --> 00:20:48,670
diabetes mellitus patients ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„
235
00:20:48,670 --> 00:20:54,490
ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€exogenous
236
00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:59,990
ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€type 2
237
00:20:59,990 --> 00:21:06,430
diabetes mellitusู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ progression ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
238
00:21:06,430 --> 00:21:13,450
disease ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู…ุงูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุด ู…ุฏุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู†
239
00:21:13,450 --> 00:21:19,070
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ exogenous insulin ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
240
00:21:19,070 --> 00:21:23,450
ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2
241
00:21:23,450 --> 00:21:30,410
diabetes mellitusู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
242
00:21:30,410 --> 00:21:36,610
deficiency ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุญุตู†ุง ู„ู„ู€
243
00:21:36,610 --> 00:21:41,410
GAD65 Antibodies ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€Type-2 Diabetes ู…ู„ูŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„
244
00:21:41,410 --> 00:21:45,010
patients ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ GAD65
245
00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:48,230
Antibodies ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง
246
00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:53,590
progression ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน
247
00:21:54,610 --> 00:22:01,010
ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„
248
00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:06,510
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง Antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฒูˆุง against
249
00:22:06,510 --> 00:22:12,410
insulinoma associated antigens ุงู„ู„ูŠ IA to A ูˆ IA
250
00:22:12,410 --> 00:22:18,250
to Beta A ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Transmembrane
251
00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:23,030
proteins of dead core vesicles
252
00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:32,060
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ antigens ู…ู†
253
00:22:32,060 --> 00:22:38,660
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
254
00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,560
ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ dense core vesicles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
255
00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:50,300
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
256
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:54,540
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ islands of Langerhans ูˆุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช
257
00:22:54,540 --> 00:23:00,040
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
258
00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:04,600
antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุถุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ antigens ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
259
00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:10,980
ุงู„ู€ dense core vesiclesูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
260
00:23:10,980 --> 00:23:17,640
secretion of insulin hormones ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ antibodies
261
00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:21,140
have been detected in more than 50% of newly
262
00:23:21,140 --> 00:23:26,980
diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus patients ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
263
00:23:26,980 --> 00:23:32,680
ุฃูŠุถุง antibodies ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ against the
264
00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:38,580
zinc transporterุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† TransmembraneุŒ a
265
00:23:38,580 --> 00:23:44,420
protein responsible for the influx of zinc and
266
00:23:44,420 --> 00:23:51,300
other ions Was
267
00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:55,840
identified in 2007 as a major auto-antigen in type
268
00:23:55,840 --> 00:23:57,880
1 diabetes mellitus
269
00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:05,160
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู…ูŠุฒู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุทุงุช ุงู„ู€ O2 ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠุงุจุชุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
270
00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:10,380
ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
271
00:24:13,810 --> 00:24:19,890
60% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
272
00:24:19,890 --> 00:24:26,770
Type 1 diabetes mellitus ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
273
00:24:26,770 --> 00:24:33,970
antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ Zinc ุงู„ู€ Transporterุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
274
00:24:33,970 --> 00:24:39,950
ุจุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 2% ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Controls ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 3% ุนู†ุฏ
275
00:24:39,950 --> 00:24:43,950
ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
276
00:24:43,950 --> 00:24:49,890
ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ patients with
277
00:24:49,890 --> 00:24:55,070
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง
278
00:24:55,070 --> 00:25:01,080
ุงู„ู€ Auto Antigenุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏุงุช ู„ู€ Zinc
279
00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:06,740
Transporter ุชุชู… ุฅุชุฌุงุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 26% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู†
280
00:25:06,740 --> 00:25:09,460
ู„ู€ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ
281
00:25:09,460 --> 00:25:14,300
ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูˆุชูˆ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
282
00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:20,200
ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ Type 1
283
00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:24,450
Diabetes Mellitusูˆ negative ู„ู„ auto antibodies
284
00:25:24,450 --> 00:25:30,910
ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† positive ู„ู„ูˆุฒูŠู†ูƒ transporter
285
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:32,270
antibodies
286
00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:41,300
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
287
00:25:41,300 --> 00:25:45,940
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Radio Immunoassay ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ ELISA
288
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:51,280
ูˆููŠ ุฅู† ู„ู‡ ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‰ Plasmonic Chip Based
289
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:56,980
Assay ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antibodies
290
00:25:56,980 --> 00:25:58,620
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
291
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:04,400
ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ Genetics ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes
292
00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:12,220
mellitus ุงู„ู€ Genetics ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุจุชู„ุงุนุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุจู€
293
00:26:12,220 --> 00:26:17,580
ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes mellitus ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุชู… ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
294
00:26:17,580 --> 00:26:20,320
ุจู€ ุงู„ู€ Type 2 diabetes mellitus
295
00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:24,850
ุงู„ู€ susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus is
296
00:26:24,850 --> 00:26:27,390
inherited but the mode of inheritance is complex
297
00:26:27,390 --> 00:26:31,730
and has not been identifiedุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ more
298
00:26:31,730 --> 00:26:37,010
research ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ genetics ุจุงู„ู€
299
00:26:37,010 --> 00:26:40,890
type 1 diabetes mellitusุŒ it is a multi-genetic
300
00:26:40,890 --> 00:26:46,170
traitุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
301
00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:50,940
ุงู„ุจุฑุท And the major locus is the major
302
00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:56,740
histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 ุฅู†
303
00:26:56,740 --> 00:27:05,700
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง 11 ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ 9 ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
304
00:27:05,700 --> 00:27:16,510
ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ regulatory region ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุฌูŠู†ุงู„ู€
305
00:27:16,510 --> 00:27:16,750
Human Leukocyte Antigen HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†
306
00:27:16,750 --> 00:27:22,050
ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช
307
00:27:22,050 --> 00:27:22,050
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ
308
00:27:22,050 --> 00:27:22,070
-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†
309
00:27:22,070 --> 00:27:22,950
ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช
310
00:27:22,950 --> 00:27:27,310
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ
311
00:27:27,310 --> 00:27:34,870
-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†
312
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:39,430
ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DR ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช
313
00:27:39,430 --> 00:27:45,160
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ Concordance Rate ุจูŠู†
314
00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:53,840
Identical Twins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง 30% ูู‚ุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
315
00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:59,640
ุงู„ู€ Identical Twins ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ 30% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
316
00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:02,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Identical Twins ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Type 1
317
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:07,240
Diabetes ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€Type 1 Diabetes
318
00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:08,220
Malatus
319
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:15,340
10 ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ of patients with type 1 diabetes
320
00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:19,360
mellitus have an affected first degree relative
321
00:28:19,360 --> 00:28:27,520
ูˆุนู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ HLA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
322
00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:32,320
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 40 ุฌูŠู†
323
00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:39,440
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุฌูˆุง ุฅู† ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ู…ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู† these have a
324
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:44,800
smaller effects ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒูˆุฑู†
325
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:48,220
ุจุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู„ ุงู„ HLA
326
00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:56,700
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ Genes
327
00:28:56,700 --> 00:29:01,820
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€Type
328
00:29:01,820 --> 00:29:08,560
I Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุดุญ ุฅู†ู‡ Genุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
329
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:14,320
ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงู‹ ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุฑุจุทูˆู‡ุง ุจู€Type I
330
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:21,030
Diabetes Mellitusุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ Measurement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
331
00:29:21,030 --> 00:29:26,810
Detection of Genetic Markers ู‡ู„ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
332
00:29:26,810 --> 00:29:30,630
ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Routine Measurement of Genetic Markers
333
00:29:30,630 --> 00:29:35,490
is not of value at this time for the diagnosis or
334
00:29:35,490 --> 00:29:38,850
management of patients with type 1 diabetes
335
00:29:38,850 --> 00:29:43,360
mellitusูˆู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis
336
00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:50,300
ูˆู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ management ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
337
00:29:50,300 --> 00:29:56,620
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ environment ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
338
00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:02,500
ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ genetic
339
00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:06,820
predisposition ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ
340
00:30:06,820 --> 00:30:13,440
ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุฃู† ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู†
341
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:18,680
ุจุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู„ุฏูŠุงุจุชุณูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Environmental Factors
342
00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:23,860
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Viruses ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„
343
00:30:23,860 --> 00:30:30,940
Chemicals ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ food ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
344
00:30:30,940 --> 00:30:34,960
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ viruses ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
345
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:39,600
ุฑูˆุจูŠู„ุง .. ุฑูˆุจูŠู„ุง ู…ุงู…ุณ Indirovirus ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูƒูŠ virus
346
00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,600
ุจูŠู‡ have been implicated
347
00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:54,040
ูˆุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุดุจู‡ ุจูŠู† Viral
348
00:30:54,040 --> 00:31:02,180
Protein ู…ุน Beta Cell Protein ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Viral
349
00:31:02,180 --> 00:31:05,180
Protein shares amino acid sequence with a Beta
350
00:31:05,180 --> 00:31:10,280
Cell Protein ู„ู…ุง ูŠูˆู… ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
351
00:31:10,280 --> 00:31:12,320
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:19,280
ูŠูุนู„ ุฃูˆ can initiate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ immune response
353
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:25,430
against the beta cellsุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Genetic
354
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:30,310
Factors ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
355
00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:35,990
more susceptible ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ HLA-type ุนู†ุฏ
356
00:31:35,990 --> 00:31:40,770
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ู…ุน
357
00:31:40,770 --> 00:31:43,770
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Environmental Factors determine the
358
00:31:43,770 --> 00:31:49,390
progression of the Beta Cell destructionุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฒูŠ
359
00:31:49,390 --> 00:31:53,290
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
360
00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:56,770
ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
361
00:31:56,770 --> 00:32:01,970
Epidemiological studies they have implicated early
362
00:32:01,970 --> 00:32:05,470
exposure to cow's milk as a trigger of type 1
363
00:32:05,470 --> 00:32:10,950
diabetes mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชู…
364
00:32:10,950 --> 00:32:16,990
ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏุน ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„
365
00:32:16,990 --> 00:32:26,400
ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ู… ุญู„ูŠุจ ุจู‚ุฑ ู„ุฌูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡
366
00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:30,300
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ุจู€ Type 1
367
00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:34,780
diabetes mellitus ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
368
00:32:34,780 --> 00:32:40,440
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุด fully mature ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
369
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:46,810
ุนู†ุง absorption ู„ุจุนุถู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุง
370
00:32:46,810 --> 00:32:50,350
ูŠู…ุซู„ู‡ุงุด absorption ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
371
00:32:50,350 --> 00:32:55,430
ุงู„ trigger ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ type 1 diabetes mellitus
372
00:32:55,430 --> 00:33:00,270
this model is argumentative and has been debated
373
00:33:00,270 --> 00:33:06,710
for decades ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠุด ูุนู„ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุนู„ู‰
374
00:33:06,710 --> 00:33:13,370
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cows milk ูˆููŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู
375
00:33:13,370 --> 00:33:20,990
ูˆุฌุฏุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุทูŠุจ
376
00:33:20,990 --> 00:33:23,670
ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
377
00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:32,860
mellitus ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู†ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
378
00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:36,940
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Insulin resistance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู…
379
00:33:36,940 --> 00:33:41,580
ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ Decreased
380
00:33:41,580 --> 00:33:46,560
ability of insulin to act on peripheral tissue It
381
00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:49,300
is thought by many to be the primary underlying
382
00:33:49,300 --> 00:33:55,200
pathological process ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
383
00:33:56,680 --> 00:34:01,100
ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ Beta cell dysfunction in ability
384
00:34:01,100 --> 00:34:04,660
of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin to
385
00:34:04,660 --> 00:34:09,440
compensate for the insulin resistance ุจุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
386
00:34:09,440 --> 00:34:13,980
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
387
00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:17,780
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠุงู„ู€ Insulin resistance
388
00:34:17,780 --> 00:34:23,320
ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ secretion ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุนุดุงู†
389
00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:30,160
ุงู†ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ insulin resistance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ.ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
390
00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:38,880
ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจ relative deficiency of insulinุชู…ุงู…ุŒ
391
00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:42,180
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง Beta cell
392
00:34:42,180 --> 00:34:47,080
dysfunction ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Type 2
393
00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:50,840
diabetes mellitus ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจู€
394
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:55,600
Absolute deficiency ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
395
00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:59,600
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูƒุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
396
00:35:02,050 --> 00:35:07,070
ููŠู‡ hand ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
397
00:35:07,070 --> 00:35:10,250
whether type 2 is due primarily to a defect in
398
00:35:10,250 --> 00:35:15,290
beta cell secretion or to peripheral resistance to
399
00:35:15,290 --> 00:35:21,870
insulin or to both ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด
400
00:35:21,870 --> 00:35:25,850
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŸู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
401
00:35:25,850 --> 00:35:29,790
ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง Beta Cell Dysfunction ูˆู„ุง
402
00:35:29,790 --> 00:35:34,690
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta Cell Dysfunction
403
00:35:34,690 --> 00:35:39,450
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Secretion ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†ุŸ
404
00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:46,800
ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู„ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ
405
00:35:46,800 --> 00:35:52,040
ู…ุฎุทุท ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุชุช ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู…ู†
406
00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:59,080
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ research ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
407
00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:04,800
data ุจุชุฏุนู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ insulin
408
00:36:04,800 --> 00:36:06,840
resistance
409
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:13,930
ูˆุงู„ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
410
00:36:14,380 --> 00:36:17,440
secretionุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ Insulin
411
00:36:17,440 --> 00:36:23,420
resistance ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ
412
00:36:23,420 --> 00:36:29,340
ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
413
00:36:29,340 --> 00:36:37,000
ู…ุง ูุนู„ูŠุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ diagnosis ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู€ Type 2
414
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,280
diabetesู…ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุณ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ insulin resistance ู…ู…ูƒู†
415
00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:47,560
ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
416
00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:53,660
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ุงู„ู€ diabetes ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุณุจุจ ุงู„ insulin
417
00:36:53,660 --> 00:36:56,360
resistance ู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„
418
00:36:56,360 --> 00:37:02,230
insulin resistance ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฃู† genetic factorsุชู…ุงู…
419
00:37:02,230 --> 00:37:08,510
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ predispose the persons to type 2 diabetes
420
00:37:08,510 --> 00:37:14,050
mellitus ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุธู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„
421
00:37:14,050 --> 00:37:16,930
environmental factors ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ genetic
422
00:37:16,930 --> 00:37:21,550
factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ environmental factors ุงู„ุขู†
423
00:37:24,260 --> 00:37:28,800
ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู„ู„ู€ Environmental
424
00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:34,420
Factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู‡ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2
425
00:37:34,420 --> 00:37:39,380
Diabetes Mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰
426
00:37:39,380 --> 00:37:43,440
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Insulin
427
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:44,740
Resistance
428
00:37:46,580 --> 00:37:50,100
ูˆุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุงุฏุจ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
429
00:37:50,100 --> 00:37:56,420
ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุง compensation ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ ..
430
00:37:56,420 --> 00:38:01,980
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ beta cells ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ ..
431
00:38:01,980 --> 00:38:08,600
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
432
00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:13,840
progressive loss of beta cell functionุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
433
00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:19,680
ู„ู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑุบู„ุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุน
434
00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:25,140
ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠุทุงุณูŠู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
435
00:38:25,140 --> 00:38:31,460
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุช
436
00:38:31,460 --> 00:38:37,440
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ูƒุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
437
00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:44,780
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠู„ู…ู‘ุง ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
438
00:38:44,780 --> 00:38:51,020
glucose ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ simulation ู„ู„ beta cells
439
00:38:51,020 --> 00:38:57,490
ูˆุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ู†ุง ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ insulinู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุงู† ููŠ
440
00:38:57,490 --> 00:38:59,870
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุถุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุน ุถูŠุจุฉ Smellitus
441
00:38:59,870 --> 00:39:05,510
ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ุงู„ู€ Glucose ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ induction
442
00:39:05,510 --> 00:39:12,390
ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠู„ูŠุฒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡
443
00:39:12,390 --> 00:39:16,530
ู…ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุจู€ Selective Glucose Unresponsiveness
444
00:39:18,310 --> 00:39:22,630
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
445
00:39:22,630 --> 00:39:28,290
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hyperiglycemia appeared to
446
00:39:28,290 --> 00:39:32,690
render the beta cells increasingly unresponsive to
447
00:39:32,690 --> 00:39:38,350
glucose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุชู…ุงู…
448
00:39:38,350 --> 00:39:43,710
ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Beta cells
449
00:39:43,710 --> 00:39:49,830
ู„ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€Glucotoxicity
450
00:39:49,830 --> 00:39:53,530
The degree of dysfunction correlates with both
451
00:39:53,530 --> 00:39:57,500
glucose concentrationand a duration of
452
00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:02,520
hyperoglycemia ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ glucose ูƒู„
453
00:40:02,520 --> 00:40:09,500
ู…ุง ุทูˆู„ุช ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ hyperoglycemia ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
454
00:40:09,500 --> 00:40:18,040
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ glucotoxicity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„
455
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:23,970
progressive loss of beta cell functionู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
456
00:40:23,970 --> 00:40:28,630
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Free fatty acids
457
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:34,510
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta cell failure
458
00:40:34,510 --> 00:40:41,130
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุงู„ู€ Lipotoxicity ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
459
00:40:41,130 --> 00:40:46,430
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ disruption
460
00:40:46,430 --> 00:40:51,580
of the normal pulsatile releaseูˆุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง
461
00:40:51,580 --> 00:40:54,380
ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2 diabetes mellitus
462
00:40:54,380 --> 00:40:59,020
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ normal pulsatile release of
463
00:40:59,020 --> 00:41:05,880
ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† and an increase ratio of plasma pro insulin
464
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:12,340
to insulinุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
465
00:41:12,340 --> 00:41:20,140
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌู‡ุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Beta Cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง
466
00:41:20,140 --> 00:41:28,600
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta Cells ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
467
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:35,120
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
468
00:41:35,120 --> 00:41:39,010
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistancedefined as decreased
469
00:41:39,010 --> 00:41:44,050
biological response to normal concentrations of
470
00:41:44,050 --> 00:41:48,350
circulating insulin ุจูŠุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
471
00:41:48,350 --> 00:41:50,890
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
472
00:41:55,010 --> 00:42:00,370
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ concentration
473
00:42:00,370 --> 00:42:03,650
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ insulin ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ concentration
474
00:42:03,650 --> 00:42:09,310
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ insulin ุจุชุจุทู„ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
475
00:42:09,310 --> 00:42:12,970
glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ insulin
476
00:42:12,970 --> 00:42:17,750
resistance ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†
477
00:42:17,750 --> 00:42:26,180
ููŠ ุงู„ obese persons non-diabetic individualsand in
478
00:42:26,180 --> 00:42:32,900
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ุทูŠุจ
479
00:42:32,900 --> 00:42:37,780
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ pathophysiologic defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
480
00:42:37,780 --> 00:42:45,460
.. ู…ุง ุชู…ุด .. ู…ุง ุชู…ุด ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
481
00:42:45,460 --> 00:42:47,860
insulin resistance ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ insulin resistance
482
00:42:47,860 --> 00:42:52,380
usually attributed to a defect in insulin action
483
00:42:52,380 --> 00:42:57,750
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ measurement of insulin
484
00:42:57,750 --> 00:43:01,110
resistance in a routine clinical setting is
485
00:43:01,110 --> 00:43:05,290
difficultูˆุฃุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€ SurrogateุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€
486
00:43:05,290 --> 00:43:08,950
Concentration of Fasting Insulin ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ U-Glycemic
487
00:43:08,950 --> 00:43:14,910
Insulin Clamp ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ
488
00:43:14,910 --> 00:43:18,310
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‚ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† resistance
489
00:43:18,310 --> 00:43:23,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุตุนุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู†ู‚ูŠุฒู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†
490
00:43:23,710 --> 00:43:27,950
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‚ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† resistance ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
491
00:43:27,950 --> 00:43:32,770
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ fasting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
492
00:43:32,770 --> 00:43:36,010
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ fasting ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
493
00:43:36,010 --> 00:43:41,550
IR ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ insulin resistance
494
00:43:43,840 --> 00:43:48,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… IR ู„ูŠู‡ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู€ Homostatic Model
495
00:43:48,740 --> 00:43:54,560
Assessment of Insulin Resistance ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
496
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:57,700
ู†ุดูˆู
497
00:43:57,700 --> 00:44:01,540
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ Insulin Resistance ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง
498
00:44:01,540 --> 00:44:08,150
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic Insulin Clampูˆู‡ุง
499
00:44:08,150 --> 00:44:13,650
ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ more invasive ูˆุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃุทูˆู„
500
00:44:13,650 --> 00:44:17,210
ู„ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
501
00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:23,320
ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic clamp performed in the hospital
502
00:44:23,320 --> 00:44:28,720
under closed supervision ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆ
503
00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:37,120
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจุนุง intravenously ุจูŠุนุทู‰ infusion of insulin
504
00:44:37,120 --> 00:44:40,680
constant intravenous infusion of insulin ุจูŠุนุทู‰
505
00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:50,090
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู†ู…ุน ุฅุนุทุงุกู‡ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
506
00:44:50,090 --> 00:44:54,590
variable amounts of glucose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฅูŠุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
507
00:44:54,590 --> 00:44:59,010
ุฅู†ู‡ constant infusion ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ
508
00:44:59,010 --> 00:45:07,730
ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ glucose to
509
00:45:07,730 --> 00:45:10,250
maintain blood glucose at a normal fasting
510
00:45:10,250 --> 00:45:13,940
concentrationู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
511
00:45:13,940 --> 00:45:17,220
ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุจุฌู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุจุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุจุฌู‡ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ
512
00:45:17,220 --> 00:45:22,220
ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ intravenously ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู…
513
00:45:22,220 --> 00:45:25,760
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุนุทูŠ ู„ุง
514
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:31,460
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ insulin ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฅุฐุง
515
00:45:31,460 --> 00:45:35,320
ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู…ูƒู†
516
00:45:35,320 --> 00:45:42,240
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจู€ hypoglycemia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ insulinูˆู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
517
00:45:42,240 --> 00:45:47,680
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ Glucose ูˆููŠู‡ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู€ Glucose
518
00:45:47,680 --> 00:45:50,420
Concentration ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Glucose
519
00:45:50,420 --> 00:45:54,900
Concentration ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
520
00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:59,700
ููŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุตุงูŠู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† 70 ู„110
521
00:46:02,350 --> 00:46:04,370
ุนุจุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
522
00:46:04,370 --> 00:46:06,890
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
523
00:46:06,890 --> 00:46:11,430
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
524
00:46:11,430 --> 00:46:11,430
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
525
00:46:11,430 --> 00:46:11,470
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
526
00:46:11,470 --> 00:46:12,930
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
527
00:46:12,930 --> 00:46:14,670
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
528
00:46:14,670 --> 00:46:15,210
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
529
00:46:15,210 --> 00:46:16,710
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
530
00:46:16,710 --> 00:46:19,530
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
531
00:46:19,530 --> 00:46:24,830
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ
532
00:46:24,830 --> 00:46:29,280
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
533
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:35,880
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ endogenous insulinุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
534
00:46:35,880 --> 00:46:41,900
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hyperglycemia ูŠุจู‚ู‰
535
00:46:41,900 --> 00:46:47,900
ุญุงู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ glucose concentration ูŠุนู†ูŠ
536
00:46:47,900 --> 00:46:51,900
ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ normal fasting
537
00:46:51,900 --> 00:46:56,960
concentration ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„ large doses of exogenous
538
00:46:56,960 --> 00:47:01,080
insulin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชู…ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง at a constant
539
00:47:01,080 --> 00:47:02,680
concentration
540
00:47:05,210 --> 00:47:08,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Constant
541
00:47:08,990 --> 00:47:14,950
Insulin Infusion ูˆุนู†ุงู‡ุง Variable Glucose Infusion
542
00:47:14,950 --> 00:47:19,570
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Frequent Blood Sampling ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ู‚ุงุฐ
543
00:47:19,570 --> 00:47:27,170
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ Glucose ูˆุนู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง Variable Glucose
544
00:47:27,170 --> 00:47:30,350
Infusion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Concentration
545
00:47:31,420 --> 00:47:36,580
adjust a glucose infusion to ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ clam blood
546
00:47:36,580 --> 00:47:38,220
glucose levels
547
00:47:40,900 --> 00:47:45,200
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€โ€ฆ ุงู„ู€Euglycemic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Glucose
548
00:47:45,200 --> 00:47:49,400
ุฅู‚ู„ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ measure of the
549
00:47:49,400 --> 00:47:53,400
whole body glucose disposal ุจู†ุดูˆู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑ
550
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:57,960
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ infusion
551
00:47:57,960 --> 00:48:02,060
at a given level of insulinemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
552
00:48:02,060 --> 00:48:08,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ constant infusion ofinsulin under steady
553
00:48:08,990 --> 00:48:17,510
state conditions ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง
554
00:48:17,510 --> 00:48:20,910
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ glucose concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
555
00:48:20,910 --> 00:48:27,370
ู…ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ insulin concentration ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„
556
00:48:27,370 --> 00:48:31,410
oxygenous insulin ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡
557
00:48:31,410 --> 00:48:35,480
ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ Glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ
558
00:48:35,480 --> 00:48:41,740
ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง
559
00:48:41,740 --> 00:48:44,660
ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
560
00:48:44,660 --> 00:48:47,200
Insulin Resistance ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
561
00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:51,740
Syndrome X ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุงู„ู€ Metabolic Syndrome
562
00:48:51,740 --> 00:48:55,060
Group of Associated Clinical and Laboratory
563
00:48:55,060 --> 00:48:59,120
Finding ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Insulin
564
00:48:59,120 --> 00:49:03,080
ResistanceุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ hyperinsulinemia ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
565
00:49:03,080 --> 00:49:06,120
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ insulin concentrationุŒ obesityุŒ ูˆ
566
00:49:06,120 --> 00:49:10,060
dyslipidemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
567
00:49:10,060 --> 00:49:18,620
triglyceridesุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ
568
00:49:18,620 --> 00:49:24,120
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ high density lipoproteinุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
569
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,910
hypertensionุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ุชู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฏุฑูˆุงู…
570
00:49:27,910 --> 00:49:34,510
ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุฏูˆูุงุณูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง
571
00:49:34,510 --> 00:49:38,980
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ type 2 diabetes mellitusุงู„ู€ Genetics
572
00:49:38,980 --> 00:49:44,740
ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ
573
00:49:44,740 --> 00:49:50,140
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ at higher risk ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2
574
00:49:50,140 --> 00:49:53,060
Diabetes Mellitus ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Environmental
575
00:49:53,060 --> 00:49:59,040
Factors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ Environmental Factors such as
576
00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:02,380
diet and exercise are important determinants in
577
00:50:02,380 --> 00:50:05,860
the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰
578
00:50:05,860 --> 00:50:11,020
ุงู„ู€ diet ูˆ ุงู„ู€ exerciseูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ genetic
579
00:50:11,020 --> 00:50:18,640
factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุด ู…ุญุงูุธ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฐุงุก
580
00:50:18,640 --> 00:50:27,260
ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ููŠุด exerciseุŒ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ูˆู„ุŒ
581
00:50:27,260 --> 00:50:32,940
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ
582
00:50:32,940 --> 00:50:38,900
ุจุงู„ type 2 diabetes malatusุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ
583
00:50:38,900 --> 00:50:40,880
ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ
584
00:50:40,880 --> 00:50:45,700
ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ
585
00:50:45,700 --> 00:50:53,540
ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ
586
00:50:53,540 --> 00:50:56,560
ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ
587
00:50:57,020 --> 00:51:02,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง obese ุฃูˆ overweightุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
588
00:51:02,500 --> 00:51:06,900
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ obesity ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus
589
00:51:10,840 --> 00:51:17,580
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ obese ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
590
00:51:17,580 --> 00:51:21,800
ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุจู€ type 2 diabetes malatus
591
00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:28,220
ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
592
00:51:28,220 --> 00:51:31,820
obese less than 15 percent of obese individuals
593
00:51:31,820 --> 00:51:39,180
will develop diabetes ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
594
00:51:39,180 --> 00:51:41,220
Genetic FactorsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ู…ุง
595
00:51:41,220 --> 00:51:44,700
ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ obese ูˆู…ุงููŠุด
596
00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:48,580
exercise ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic
597
00:51:48,580 --> 00:51:55,180
Factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† obese ูˆู…ุงููŠุด exercise
598
00:51:55,180 --> 00:51:58,660
ูˆุงู„ู€ Risk Factors ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ู€ Type
599
00:51:58,660 --> 00:52:02,820
2 Diabetes MaliciousุŒ ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† obese
600
00:52:02,820 --> 00:52:07,980
ูŠุตุงุจุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ genetic factors
601
00:52:07,980 --> 00:52:12,520
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† obese ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
602
00:52:12,520 --> 00:52:16,560
ุฃู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจูŠ ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus ุฅู† 60% to
603
00:52:16,560 --> 00:52:20,320
80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are
604
00:52:20,320 --> 00:52:21,200
obese
605
00:52:26,260 --> 00:52:29,900
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠูƒูˆู† obese ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
606
00:52:29,900 --> 00:52:34,340
type 2 diabetes mellitus ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
607
00:52:34,340 --> 00:52:39,220
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ carbohydrate tolerance ููŠ
608
00:52:39,220 --> 00:52:43,060
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ carbohydrates ูˆูŠุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
609
00:52:43,060 --> 00:52:47,100
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hyperinsulinemia and are insulin
610
00:52:47,100 --> 00:52:48,220
resistant
611
00:52:50,730 --> 00:52:54,910
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Obesity ุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Genetic
612
00:52:54,910 --> 00:52:57,250
Predisposition ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Family History ุทุจุนุงู‹
613
00:52:57,250 --> 00:52:59,810
ูŠูุชุญ ุจุชูˆุนูŠ ุฏู‡ ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ Lettuce ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Duration
614
00:52:59,810 --> 00:53:04,850
of Obesity ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Distribution of Fat ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู†
615
00:53:04,850 --> 00:53:09,290
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Fat ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
616
00:53:09,290 --> 00:53:14,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fat ู…ูˆุฒุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Trunk ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ูˆุฒุน ููŠ
617
00:53:14,570 --> 00:53:19,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ูŠ
618
00:53:19,920 --> 00:53:26,300
ุงู„ู€ risk ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus It is
619
00:53:26,300 --> 00:53:28,840
important to note that intervention can delay or
620
00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:32,920
prevent the onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ุทุจุนุง
621
00:53:32,920 --> 00:53:36,240
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
622
00:53:36,240 --> 00:53:43,930
ูู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ pre-diabetes ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุฅุฐุง
623
00:53:43,930 --> 00:53:52,250
ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„ ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
624
00:53:52,250 --> 00:53:57,290
exercise ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู†
625
00:53:57,290 --> 00:54:02,330
ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฃุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู…ู†ุน ู…ู† ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ Type 2
626
00:54:02,330 --> 00:54:08,730
Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุซุจุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
627
00:54:08,730 --> 00:54:10,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
628
00:54:12,560 --> 00:54:14,120
ุชูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
629
00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:14,700
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
630
00:54:14,700 --> 00:54:18,340
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
631
00:54:18,340 --> 00:54:20,260
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
632
00:54:20,260 --> 00:54:24,260
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
633
00:54:24,260 --> 00:54:24,320
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
634
00:54:24,320 --> 00:54:24,860
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
635
00:54:24,860 --> 00:54:24,860
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
636
00:54:24,860 --> 00:54:26,940
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
637
00:54:26,940 --> 00:54:32,430
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
638
00:54:32,430 --> 00:54:37,270
ู„ูˆุฒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ risk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ weight
639
00:54:37,270 --> 00:54:41,210
loss was modest ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
640
00:54:41,210 --> 00:54:46,190
ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† the rate of progression to type 2
641
00:54:46,190 --> 00:54:48,770
diabetes pellitus was reduced by fifty eight
642
00:54:48,770 --> 00:54:54,910
percentin both studiesุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ
643
00:54:54,910 --> 00:55:00,830
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
644
00:55:00,830 --> 00:55:05,070
ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2 diabetes mellitus ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
645
00:55:05,070 --> 00:55:11,250
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠู†ุŒ 58%. This
646
00:55:11,250 --> 00:55:14,410
observation has been validated by several other
647
00:55:14,410 --> 00:55:18,650
studiesุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูƒุฏุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
648
00:55:21,300 --> 00:55:26,640
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ degree of
649
00:55:26,640 --> 00:55:30,680
physical activity and the prevalence of type 2
650
00:55:30,680 --> 00:55:38,020
diabetes mellitus ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
651
00:55:38,020 --> 00:55:41,800
geneticsูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Genetics ููŠ ุงู„ู€ type 2
652
00:55:41,800 --> 00:55:45,500
diabetes mellitus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ it is
653
00:55:45,500 --> 00:55:47,820
widely acknowledged that genetic factors
654
00:55:47,820 --> 00:55:51,240
contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes
655
00:55:51,240 --> 00:55:56,720
mellitus ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ concordance rate for
656
00:55:56,720 --> 00:55:59,720
type 2 diabetes mellitus in identical twins
657
00:55:59,720 --> 00:56:03,360
approaches 100%
658
00:56:05,950 --> 00:56:09,390
ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ genetic factors ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ type
659
00:56:09,390 --> 00:56:12,170
2 diabetes mellitus is ten times more likely to
660
00:56:12,170 --> 00:56:16,210
occur in an obese person with a diabetic parent
661
00:56:16,210 --> 00:56:21,510
ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู‡ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ genetic factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุฅู†
662
00:56:21,510 --> 00:56:24,030
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุชูŠ ุจุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠู‚ู„ type 2 diabetes
663
00:56:24,030 --> 00:56:30,870
mellitus ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุจู€ equally obese person
664
00:56:30,870 --> 00:56:33,530
without a diabetic family history
665
00:56:35,960 --> 00:56:39,740
However, the mood of inheritance is unknown
666
00:56:43,890 --> 00:56:49,530
ุทุจ ู…ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
667
00:56:49,530 --> 00:56:55,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ single locus ุฒูŠ cystic fibrosis ุฒูŠ Deutsch
668
00:56:55,030 --> 00:57:00,470
-Niemuscular Dystrophy ู„ูƒู† ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€Diabetes
669
00:57:00,470 --> 00:57:08,750
Mellitus ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู€Multiple
670
00:57:08,750 --> 00:57:13,570
Genetic Factorsูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ ุฌู†ูˆู†ุงุชูŠุง
671
00:57:13,570 --> 00:57:18,390
ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุงุช
672
00:57:18,390 --> 00:57:19,710
ุฅูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ
673
00:57:27,310 --> 00:57:32,830
factors ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง multi
674
00:57:32,830 --> 00:57:35,550
genetic factors ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
675
00:57:35,550 --> 00:57:38,150
diabetes mellitus ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ atherosclerosisุŒ
676
00:57:38,150 --> 00:57:41,590
hypertensionุŒ osteoporosis
677
00:57:44,400 --> 00:57:49,540
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
678
00:57:49,540 --> 00:57:56,220
ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type 2
679
00:57:56,220 --> 00:58:02,300
Diabetes Mellitus ูˆุนู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…
680
00:58:02,300 --> 00:58:04,900
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Genome-wide Association
681
00:58:04,900 --> 00:58:13,900
Studies ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุดุงุฑุฉุฃูˆ
682
00:58:13,900 --> 00:58:21,260
ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ genes ุจู…ุฑุถ
683
00:58:21,260 --> 00:58:24,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes malatus with more than
684
00:58:24,580 --> 00:58:29,180
60 genetic low key now identified