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9998

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents. The disease is caused by the invading agents multiplying. As they multiply, they produce toxins and damage host tissues. Infectious disease, also known as 'transmissible disease' or 'communicable disease', is illness resulting from an infection. Common infectious diseases Diseases caused by bacteria Tuberculosis - also called TB. Bubonic plague Pertussis - also called whooping cough leprosy Diseases caused by viruses AIDS/HIV Hepatitis B Polio Colds Influenza - also called the flu. COVID-19 Diseases caused by fungus Thrush Ringworm Cryptococcosis Candidiadis Athlete's foot Diseases caused by parasites Malaria (carried by mosquitos) Schistosomiasis (flat worms) Chagas disease Diseases caused by proteins Prions are proteins which act as infectious diseases. Diseases caused by many infectious agents Some infections are caused by different infectious agents at different times. For example, some diarrhea is caused by bacteria. Some is caused by viruses. Diarrhea Pneumonia Meningitis This is a very short list. There are many more diseases from infection and other causes: common diseases. Getting infectious disease Some diseases can be passed from one person to another easily. Other infectious diseases are harder to get. If a person kisses or touches another person who is infected with the flu, a cold, measles, or a sore throat, he or she may get their disease. They may also give the person their disease if they cough on them. Other medical conditions such as AIDS, herpes, and hepatitis B, are only passed by closer contact. Having sex with an infected person, blood transfusions, or touching their blood or urine can sometimes pass on these conditions or diseases. Stopping infectious disease People can stop disease by: Covering the mouth every time during coughing Only drinking clean water Only eating very cooked meat Using a condom during sex Treating infectious disease Bacteria are usually treated with antibiotic medicines like Tetracycline and Penicillin. Viruses will not be killed by antibiotics. They must be treated with special medicines called antivirals. Medicines to treat HIV/AIDS like zidovudine are antivirals. Antifungals like miconazole and fluconazole treat infections from fungus. Anti-parasitic medicines like Praziquantel and mebendazole. Some infectious diseases have no treatments that work well. For example, there is no medicine that works well to cure West Nile Virus and Rabies. So it is important to avoid getting these diseases. Some infectious disease goes away on its own. These mild diseases do not need to be treated. For example, colds are caused by viruses and they do not need medicines. Some diseases can be prevented by immunizations. Immunizations try to make a person have an immune reaction to an infectious agent. This is usually done before the person gets the disease. Examples of diseases prevented by immunizations are: polio, tetanus, and pertussis. In some cases, if all of the disease can be removed from society, we can get rid of the disease completely. An example of this is smallpox. This virus used to kill people, cause blindness, and bad scars. Now there has not been a person who had smallpox in over thirty years. Related pages Social distancing Vaccine Vector (biology) Zoonosis References Other websites World Health Organization Report on Infectious Disease - 2002 Infectious diseases Microbiology Parasitism

9999

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minesweeper%20%28video%20game%29

Minesweeper (video game)

Minesweeper is a strategy game that comes with most Microsoft computer operating systems. It is available for many other operating systems and desktop environments as well. The object of the game is to clear a minefield of mines. By clicking on blocks, the player learns if the block contains a mine. If they do not see a mine, the game continues. If they clicked on a mine, the game is over. When the player clicks on a block, a number may appear. The number shows how many mines are next to this square. This helps the player find out where the mines are. The most common variation of the game is won when every block that does not contain a mine has been clicked, although some variations are won by having every block that contains a mine flagged. Variations There are many versions out there: Microsoft software Windows games

10000

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing

Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fishing can be done in the sea, or in a lake or river, and by boat or from the shore. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping. The term fishing may be used for catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not normally used for catching farmed fish. With aquatic mammals, such as whales, the term whaling is better. According to FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries. In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with 7.4 kilograms more got from fish farms. In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational sport. Fishing for money Fishing for money is a very dangerous job, because people can die or be badly hurt. Fishing gives a lot of food to many countries around the world, but those who take it as a job must often go far into the ocean under bad conditions. Commercial fishermen get many kinds of sea animals. This includes fish such as tuna, cod, and salmon, as well as invertebrates such as shrimp, lobster, clams, and squid. Alaskan king crab fishing is a famous example. Ways to fish for money have become very simple, using large nets and machines to catch the animals. Many countries have made rules limiting how much fish people can catch, because some kinds have become scarce. Raising fish in the forms of aquaculture and mariculture add to the free-range catch of fish. Fishing for fun Sport fishing is normally done with a fishing rod and line with any number of hooks to get the fish. This method is called angling. There may be rules that say how many lines and hooks one fisherman can use and how many fish he can catch. Anglers in fresh water catch many Black Bass (Black Bass includes the entire range of Bass fish), Pike, Muskellunge, Perch, Carp, Trout, Salmon, and Sunfish. Fish people get in saltwater include Swordfish, Marlin, Tuna, and others. Rules generally do not allow the use of nets and catching fish with hooks not in the mouth. However some kinds of fish can be taken with nets for bait and a few for food. Non-sport fish that are not said to be worth as much can sometimes be taken by many ways like snagging, bow and arrow, or even gun, because they are seen as competing with more valuable fish. Recreational fishing laws also include other life that lives in water, such as frogs and turtles. Sport fishing can be a contest where fishermen try to get more fish than other fishermen. This sport came from local fishing contests into a large contest in the U.S.A. where skilled fishermen can compete and be helped out by companies giving prize money, and other large contests around the world. Catch and release Catch-and-release fishing is increasingly practiced especially by fly fishermen, as well as spin and bait casting fishermen, to increase conservation and to protect rare fish such as marlin. The practice is however disputed as it by some is considered unethical to perform painful actions to the fish for fun and not for the reason of food production. Because of this, catch-and-release practice is illegal in Norway. Collection of live fish Fish can also be collected in ways that do not injure them (such as in a seine net), for observation and study or for keeping in Aquarium. There is a substantial industry devoted to the collection, transport, export and farming of wild and domesticated live fish, usually freshwater or marine tropical fish. Fishing with traps Fish can also be collected in ways that do not injure them (such as in a seine net), for observation and study or for keeping in Aquarium. There is a substantial industry devoted to the collection, transport, export and farming of wild and domesticated live fish, usually freshwater or marine tropical fish. Too much fishing In the past, fishing has been so good for getting money that people began overfishing (fishing too much) - a serious problem that does lots of damage (bad). Overfishing does not always mean extinction, but simply that a fish type has been harvested so that there cannot be as many of that kind of fish as before. As more boats are sent out to catch the fish, many population levels of a type of fish can drop. Then, there are not enough of that kind of fish left to have new kinds of fish. Many times, fishing boats catch fish they do not mean to catch, called bycatch. All kinds of fish can become bycatch, and they are usually thrown back into the sea after they have died. Drift net fishing sometimes catches creatures like seals, dolphins, whales, and sea turtles. This kind of fishing made people complain. In the 1980s, it was guessed that 18 miles (30 km) of nets were lost every night, tangling up boats and animals. There is now a floating pile of plastic in the Pacific Ocean hundreds of miles wide. Most of it is lost fishing nets, called ghost nets, and other fishing tools from large boats. References Related pages Fishing net Fishing lure Fishing hook Fishing rod Overfishing Survival skills

10002

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate%20States%20of%20America

Confederate States of America

Sometimes called the CSA, for other uses see CSA. The Confederate States of America (CSA) was a short-lived government that existed in the southern United States during the American Civil War. It was established (made) in 1861 by seven southern states in which slavery was legal, after Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the U.S., but before he took office. South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas declared their secession (independence) from the United States. After war began, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined them. The first capital of the Confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama, but for most of the war the capital was Richmond, Virginia. The government of the Confederacy was much like the United States government. The Confederate States Constitution was similar to that of the United States; however, it emphasized states’ rights and clearly protected the enslavement of black Americans. Jefferson Davis was chosen as president and Alexander Stephens as Vice-President. As in the United States, the CSA president had a cabinet of advisors. The United States government (also known as the Union) did not agree that the states could leave and start a new government. Thus, the Union government refused to abandon all its forts in the states that wanted to secede. War began when the CSA attacked one of those forts, Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. This war is known as the American Civil War, and it lasted from 1861 to 1865. After some of the deadliest battles in U.S. history, Union forces gradually regained control of southern states. As Confederate forces surrendered, the Confederacy fell apart and the Civil War came to a close in 1865. Following the war, slavery was outlawed everywhere in the United States. The process of restoring the states of the CSA to the Union, called the Reconstruction of the United States, continued until 1877. It is still undecided if the Confederate States of America was ever a country. The Union never said that the Confederacy was really a country. Although British and French companies sold ships and materials to the Confederacy, no nation officially recognized the CSA as an independent country. The CSA was also called "the South," "the Confederacy," and "Dixie." References Other websites Confederate States of America -Citizendium Unrecognized countries

10003

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Tale%20of%20Two%20Cities

A Tale of Two Cities

A Tale of Two Cities is a book written by Charles Dickens. It was published (printed) in 1859. It is set during the time of the French Revolution (1775-1793). The story happens in France and England. It talks about the French Revolution and the troubles the poor go through and how the rich ignore them. The main characters are Sydney Carton, Charles Darnay and their love interest, Lucie Manette. The story's main theme is society. Other websites 1859 books Books by Charles Dickens English novels English-language novels

10005

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji

Fiji

Fiji is a small country in the Pacific Ocean. It has 322 islands. The most important islands are Vanua Levu and Viti Levu. The capital city of Fiji is Suva, and the city with the most people is Nadi. There are about 844,330 people in Fiji. The official languages of Fiji are Fijian, English and Hindustani (a mix of Hindi and Urdu). Fiji is part of the Pacific Rim. About 313000 speak Fiji Hindi. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch and the British explored Fiji. Fiji was a British colony up until 1970; British occupation lasted almost a century. Fiji has many forest, mineral, and fish resources. Divisions and provinces Fiji is divided into Four Major Divisions: Central Eastern Northern Western These divisions are divided into 14 provinces: Cities Lautoka Suva Incorporated towns Fijian law defines "towns" as urbanized areas incorporated as municipal bodies, governed by Town Councils. Unincorporated towns The following localities are urbanized, but have not been municipally organized. Dreketi Lomawai Korolevu Navua Natumbua Vatukoula Nakasi, 9½ Miles Tourism Fiji has a lot of tourism and many people go to the Nadi and Denarau islands. Most visitors are from Australia, New Zealand and the USA. Fiji has many soft coral reefs. Scuba diving is a common tourist activity. More budget resorts are being opened in remote areas, which provides more tourism opportunities. Related pages Fiji at the Olympics Fiji national football team List of rivers of Fiji Other websites Pictures of Fiji UN Fiji LESA - Association References Commonwealth member states 1970 establishments in Oceania

10006

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijian%20language

Fijian language

The Fijian language is a Austronesian language. It is one of the official languages of Fiji. It has about 350,000 speakers. References Austronesian languages Languages of Oceania Fiji

10008

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922

1922

Events February 28 – Egypt becomes an independent country. Most of Ireland stopped being part of the United Kingdom. Collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Tomb of Tutankhamun discovered by Howard Carter Archibald Hill, English mathematician, and Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German doctor, won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Declaration of the foundation of the Soviet Union. Births January 17 - Betty White, American actress and comedian (d. 2021) February 18 - Helen Gurley Brown, American publisher (d. 2012) March 1 – Yitzhak Rabin, 5th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1995) March 12 – Jack Kerouac, American writer (d. 1969) March 17 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bengali founder (d. 1975) March 28 – Joey Maxim, American boxer (d. 2001) April 3 – Doris Day, actress (d. 2019) April 15 - Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (d. 2013) April 16 – Kingsley Amis, English writer (d. 1955) June 10 – Judy Garland, American actress (d. 1969) June 16 – Wayne Mixson, American politician July 14 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (d. 1970) August 24 – René Lévesque, Canadian politician (d. 1987) September 9 – Warwick Estevam Kerr, Brazilian entomologist November 23 – Manuel Fraga Iribarne, Spanish politician Rafael Ishkhanyan, Armenian historian (d. 1996) Deaths January 22 - Pope Benedict XV Books Ulysses by James Joyce Movies released Nanook of the North

10010

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legend

Legend

Legends (derived from Latin, ''Legenda)' are stories in oral tradition and a narrative of human actions. They are usually old but are believed to have taken place within human history. Legends are often passed on by word-of-mouth. Legends have often been transformed over time to keep them realistic. The word is also used for famous or historically you sure significant people, places, art, etc. We sometimes say of someone who is extremely famous that they are a "legend" or "of legendary fame". Examples of legends are Ali Baba, the Fountain of Youth, Paul Bunyan, Kraken, Atlantis, the Loch Ness Monster, and Bigfoot ,Yeti. Some legends are stories about real people; others are not. Odysseus and Robin Hood for example may have been real but most the stories about them are definitely fiction. For some places, legends are the earliest history. For example, the origin of ancient Rome is known only from legends, as are the earliest dynasties in the history of China. Oral tradition

10011

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain%20of%20Youth

Fountain of Youth

The Fountain of Youth is a legendary spring. People talked about it for thousands of years. They thought its water could make people young and healthy. Herodotus put it in the Horn of Africa. Later stories said it was in India. A Spanish explorer, Juan Ponce de Leon, was said to have looked for it while in present-day Florida. Mythology

10012

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%20Chi%20Minh%20City

Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City () is a city in southern Vietnam. It is governed as a municipality and includes a large rural area. It is the biggest city in Vietnam. About 9 million people live in the city. Before its fall on 30 April 1975, the city used to be called "Saigon", and this is still the most common name in everyday conversation. The name Saigon come from the Saigon River, which flows through the city. History It used to be a Khmer port city called Prey Nokor, or “Jungle City”. The city was taken over by the Vietnamese and eventually took the name of(Sài Gòn). It was invaded by the French in 1859. As (French) Saigon it was the capital of French Indochina and became an important city in French colonial trade. After independence(from France), in 1954 to 1975, Saigon became the capital of the Republic of Vietnam. After the end of the US campaign (1973) in the Vietnam War, Saigon was overtaken by the North Vietnamese army on 30 April 1975 and renamed after Hồ Chí Minh. The tradition of naming places in Vietnam after great people is very common. Many streets bear the names of epic heroes. Hai Ba Trung street is named after heroic sisters. Despite the name change, many people from other countries, and even among Vietnamese people, still call the city "Saigon" today. Interestingly enough, both the names of the Saigon River and the Saigon railway station have stayed unchanged. City categorization Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has expanded with industrialization. It now includes all of the surrounding towns. The city center is old Saigon. Old Saigon has two main districts (One and Three). The new city districts used to be rice fields and fish farms. There are fish all over the city. Geography Ho Chi Minh City is as flat as the river plain it sits on. Nearly all roads are built flat. Bicycle riding around the Mekong delta is very easy in dry weather. Because of the flatness, roads and buildings sink into the draining soil. Lying water keeps pollution very close to city homes. The rising tides can flood many districts when the moon is fullest. Because rainwater can't be kept in valleys or mountains, the city-water is dangerous to drink. Most people drink from large bottles of water - . When the streets flood (in rain or tides) the dirt from drains returns onto the city. This has caused a lot of problems for the health of the people living in the city. Escaping sewer water makes people very sick in the tropical countries. Older people may avoid drinking more than a few drinks a day. Environment It's very tropical in the city. The trees in streets are cut down to half every year - but they grow back. Fresh food markets are all over the city. The city has so much rain, that drains and rivers surround every district. The southeast of the province has the Can Gio Wetlands. It's a 752 square kilometre mangrove area between Ho Chi Minh City and the sea. Inside the wetlands there are birds, deer, fish, frogs, insects, lizards, monkeys, otters, and snakes. The centipedes all around the city are very dangerous (maybe deadly to tiny animals). People catch and consume the snakes. The wetlands and ecosystem has been designated as a biosphere reserve. Ho Chi Minh people get education on how to look after their biosphere reserve and wetlands. Port The city is a river port on the Saigon River. Several larger terminals operate outside and inside of the city. Many small docks operate around the city. The river system leads out to sea at Vung Tau, or onto the Mekong delta. Delivery of materials for the city can be made by boat. Farm produce distributors can arrive by boat in many districts outside the city. Education The use of English is rising in HCMC. Many HCMC people will travel around the world by using English as their international language. Many other languages are studied. French was previously the most popular. Chinese is also very well known to many people. International The city has international schools that teach foreign children. All classes (except for languages) are given in the chosen language. Many international schools have chosen English as the primary language. Some of the international schools are named by their country of origin. The schools named after a country use the national language of that country. National English is a subject taught in all national schools. After-school and colleges Many HCMC parents use cram schools to improve their children's English. HCMC adults attend colleges to learn English. Going overseas Some HCMC people will go overseas to get foreign education. It can be through staying with relatives, attending boarding schools, joining programs, or with family. Universities English is taught at university in HCMC. It doesn't replace the national language at most universities. International universities might set a requirement for English or another language. Hobbies A favorite hobby is fishing. Fish invade grass fields when they flood - locals wade into the fields with good fishing rods to catch them. Kite flying is a popular hobby in the city. When the wind season starts many fields are full of kite-flyers. At this time, the city skyline is dotted with kites. Ho Chi Minh City is a very busy city. The traffic makes little sense to foreigners. Motorbikes are the most common vehicle. The motorbikes mostly travel at speeds under 40 km/hr. Cars drivers do their best to never hit motorcycles. Families ride together around the city for fun in the evening. Street food is as popular in HCMC as it is in all of South-East Asia. Poverty Wealthy people live a fantastic life in the city. But, others are very poor. Poor does not always mean without food, clothing, shelter, or work in HCMC. The cost of living in Vietnam helps even the poorest people to survive. Many temples, churches, charities, and government organizations help people that are even more misfortunate than the poor. But still, some ultra-poor people struggle with homelessness, and the tropical weather - they get very dark skin compared to other people. Entertainment There is a lot of entertainment for the people in the city. Many discos, bars, and clubs operate all around the city. Food is also a source of entertainment for people in HCMC. Very strange restaurants sell very strange food: scorpions, bats, rats and more. Tourists are amazed by what is eaten in HCMC. Neighbors The Mekong River delta is accessible from HCMC. It has a many rice, coconut, fish, and prawn farms. The main city is Can Tho City. The mountain range of Vietnam is accessed via Dalat City. The beaches of Vietnam are accessed via Vung Tau City or Phan Thiet City when leaving HCMC. The border to Cambodia is the closest international exit point for tourists. This exit border takes people to Phnom Penh City. Bien Hoa City is another industrial city to the northeast. Around there, the province of Binh Duong is growing through strong financial investment. Other websites Ho Chi Minh City government website Ho Chi Minh City travel information at Wikivoyage References Cities in Vietnam

10013

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apricot

Apricot

An apricot is a drupe fruit. It is closely related to the plum. Description The apricot comes from a small to medium-sized tree, tall, with a trunk up to 40 centimetres in diameter with spreading, dense canopy; leaves are shaped somewhat like a heart, with pointed tips, about 8 centimetres (3 inches) wide. Flowers: Flowers are white to pinkish in color. Fruit: The fruit has only one seed; the color runs from yellow to orange and may have a red cast; the surface of the fruit is smooth and nearly hairless. Related pages List of fruits Other websites www.apricotseeds.org – includes information on medicinal uses of apricot seeds Apricot Kernel products – About Apricot Kernel Scintro fruit book – All about fruits Prunus

10016

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction

Contraction

A contraction is a word that is made up of two or more words that are connected together. One or more letters are removed from the words when they are connected. One or more apostrophes are added in the location letters are removed. For example, an apostrophe goes in place of the o in not when "do not" is shortened to "don't." In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in loose parlance. Contraction is also distinguished from morphological clipping, where beginnings and endings are omitted. The definition overlaps with the term portmanteau (a linguistic blend), but a distinction can be made between a portmanteau and a contraction by noting that contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not, whereas a portmanteau word is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a singular concept that the portmanteau describes. Pronoun + verb contractions Helping verbs I will = I'll He will = He'll You are = You're Negative contractions Be Are not = aren't Is not = isn't Do Do not = don't Did not = didn't Does not = doesn't Helping Verbs Cannot or Can not = can't Could not = couldn't Shall not = shan't Should not = shouldn't Might not = mightn't Must not = mustn't Will not = won't Would not = wouldn't He did = he'd Have Has not = hasn't Have not = haven't Had not = hadn't References Grammar

10017

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga

Tonga

Tonga is a country in Pacific Ocean. It has 169 islands. Only 36 islands have inhabitants. The most important island is Tongatapu. George Tupou V is the king of Tonga and the Prime Minister is Pohiva Tu'ionetoa. The capital of Tonga is Nuku'alofa. The official languages of Tonga are Tongan and English. Tonga had 102,321 inhabitants in 2000. It is a very hot country. Tonga became independent in 1970. History About 3000 years before, the Polynesians had settled in Tongatapu. In 1845, Tāufaʻāhau united Tonga into a kingdom. He declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy. Between 1845 and 1893, slavery was stopped. Also, constitution was made up. In 1900, Tonga became a protected state of the United Kingdom. Tonga maintained its sovereignty. It remained the only Pacific nation never to have given up its monarchical government. Foreign affairs was managed by the UK. Tonga was no longer a protected state and became independent in 1970. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. It became a member of the United Nations in September 1999. Tonga has never lost indigenous governance. Politics Tonga is a constitutional monarchy. Tonga provides for its citizens: free and mandatory education for all secondary education with only nominal fees and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education Tongans have universal access to a national health care system. The Tongan constitution protects land ownership. Land cannot be sold to foreigners. While there is a land shortage on the urbanised main island of Tongatapu, there is farmland available in the outlying islands. The majority of the population engages in some form of subsistence production of food. Women and men have equal access to education and health care. They are fairly equal in employment. Women are discriminated against in land holding, electoral politics, and government ministries. Geography Tonga is in Oceania. It is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean. It has 177 islands. Thirty-six of them are inhabited. The islands are divided into three main groups – Vava'u, Ha'apai, and Tongatapu. The largest island is Tongatapuon. The capital city of Nukuʻalofa is on Tongatapuon. Climate The climate is tropical with a distinct warm period (December–April) and a cooler period (May–November). The average wettest period is around March. The average daily humidity is 80%. References Current monarchies 1970 establishments in Oceania

10018

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo%20Azzaiolo

Filippo Azzaiolo

Filippo Azzaiolo (1530 - 1569) was an Italian composer. He lived in 16th century. Azzaiolo worked in Bologna. All his known songs were composed between 1557 and 1569. Azzaiolo's most famous song is "Chi passa". References 1530 births 1569 deaths Italian composers Renaissance composers

10020

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2010

June 10

Events Up to 1925 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor drowns in the River Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem. 1329 - The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine Empire defeat against the Ottoman Empire. 1523 - Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city does not recognize him as successor to Christian II of Denmark. 1539 - Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the council due to war and the difficulty the bishops had in travelling to Venice. 1596 - Bear Island, the southernmost island of Svalbard, is discovered by Willem Barentsz. 1619 - Thirty Years' War: Battle of Zablati, turning point in the Bohemian revolt. 1692 – In Salem, Massachusetts Bridget Bishop becomes the first person to be executed during the Salem Witch Trials, for alleged witchcraft. 1719 – Jacobite uprising: The Battle of Glen Shiel takes place. 1770 – James Cook's ship HMS Endeavour runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef. 1786 - A landslide dam created by an earthquake ten days earlier, in Sichuan, China, collapses, killing 10,000 people. 1793 - French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the committee of public safety, installing the revolutionary dictatorship. 1829 – The Boat Race between Oxford University and Cambridge University takes place for the first time. 1838 – Myall Creek Massacre: 28 Australian Aboriginals are killed. 1854 – The First Class of US Naval Academy students graduate. 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel - Confederate forces under John B. Magruder defeat a Union force under Ebenezer W. Pierce, in Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: A Confederate force under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeats the Union force under Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi. 1865 – Wagner's opera, Tristan und Isolde first performed in Munich. 1878 - The League of Prizren is founded in the Balkans. 1886 – Mount Tarawera on New Zealand's North Island erupts, killing 153 people and destroys the famous Pink Terraces. 1898 – Spanish-American War: US marines land on Cuba. 1906 – William Hall-Jones replaces Richard Seddon as Prime Minister of New Zealand. 1907 - The first Beijing to Paris car rally begins. It is the longest race of its kind in the world. 1916 - Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. 1918 – World War I: Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent Istvan sinks, having been torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat. 1924 – Fascists kill Italian socialist Giacomo Matteotti. 1925 – The United Church of Canada is founded in Toronto. 1926 2000 1935 – Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio. 1935 - The Chaco War ends, as a truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay. 1940 – World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces. 1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on the United Kingdom and France. 1942 – World War II: The Nazis burn the village of Lidice in Czechoslovakia. 1944 – World War II: 642 people are killed by German troops in Oradour-sur-Glane in France. 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Greece, German troops kill 218 people. 1944 – 15-year-old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player in a Major League Baseball game. 1945 - World War II: Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei. 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile. 1955 – The foundation stone of CERN, on the Switzerland-France border, is laid. 1957 – John Diefenbaker is elected Prime Minister of Canada. 1967 – The Six-Day War ends. 1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. 1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is re-captured on June 13. 1977 - Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale. 1979 - The first election to the European Parliament takes place. 1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight for imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela. 1991 – The American military's Clark Air Base in the Philippines is evacuated, because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. 1991 – Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped by Philip Garrido in California. He holds her captive until 2009, and fathers two daughters with her. 1996 – Peace negotiations begin in Northern Ireland, without the participation of Sinn Féin. 1997 – Fleeing his main stronghold, former Cambodian dictator Pol Pot orders the killing of his former defense chief Son Sen, and of 11 of Sen's family members. 1998 - The 1998 FIFA World Cup in France begins. 1999 – NATO's air war over Kosovo ends, as Serbian forces withdraw. 2000 – Syrian President Hafez al-Assad dies. His son Bashar al-Assad replaces him. 2000 – UEFA Euro 2000 begins in the Netherlands and Belgium. From 2001 2001 - Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint, Saint Rafqa. 2002 - The first director electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Briton Kevin Warwick. 2003 – The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Explorer Rover System. 2003 - Wicked begins on Broadway, later winning 40 awards. 2005 – The Svinesund Bridge between Norway and Sweden is opened. 2014 - Militants from the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", affiliated with Al-Qaeda, take control of Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city. 2014 - Reuven Rivlin is chosen to succeed Shimon Peres as President of Israel. He is sworn in on July 24. 2016 - The UEFA Euro 2016 football championship in France begins. 2016 - American singer Christina Grimmie is shot at a concert in Orlando, Florida, and dies later the same evening, aged 22. Births Up to 1900 1213 – Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher (d. 1289) 1493 – Anton Fugger, German banker (d. 1560) 1513 - Louis, Duke of Montpensier, French aristocrat (d. 1582) 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1675) 1657 - James Craggs the Elder, English politician (d. 1921) 1688 – James Francis Edward Stuart ("The Old Pretender"), claimant to the British throne (d. 1766) 1713 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain (d. 1757) 1716 - Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish physician and explorer (d. 1784) 1753 – William Eustis, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825) 1775 – James Barbour, American lawyer, politician and 19th Governor of Virginia (d. 1842) 1804 – Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884) 1819 – Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877) 1825 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (d. 1897) 1825 – Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (d. 1864) 1832 – Nikolaus August Otto, German engineer (d. 1891) 1832 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American politician (d. 1920) 1835 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, American politician (d. 1930) 1835 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1908) 1839 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (d. 1912) 1839 - Ion Creanga, Romanian writer (d. 1889) 1840 – Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (d. 1920) 1843 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1900) 1844 - Carl Hagenbeck, German zoo director (d. 1913) 1855 - Charles Allen Culberson, Governor of Texas (d. 1925) 1859 – Emanuel Nobel, Swedish-Russian oil baron (d. 1932) 1863 – Louis Couperus, Dutch writer (d. 1923) 1865 – Frederick Cook, American physician and explorer, claimed to be first at the North Pole (d. 1940) 1870 - Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1948) 1876 - William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German aristocrat (d. 1923) 1887 - Harry F. Byrd, Governor of Virginia (d. 1966) 1891 - Al Dubin, American songwriter (d. 1945) 1894 - Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia (d. 1918) 1895 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952) 1895 - Immanuel Velikovsky, Russian-born psychoanalyst and author (d. 1979) 1897 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) 1899 - Stanislaw Czaykowski, Polish racing driver (d. 1933) 1901 1950 1901 – Frederick Loewe, German-born composer (d. 1988) 1903 - Theo Lingen, German actor and director (d. 1978) 1904 - Lin Huiyin, Chinese architect and poet (d. 1955) 1910 – Howlin' Wolf, American blues singer and musician (d. 1976) 1911 - Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977) 1912 - Jean Lesage, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1980) 1915 – Saul Bellow, Canadian-American novelist (d. 2005) 1916 - Peride Celal, Turkish novelist and short story writer (d. 2013) 1918 - Patachou, French singer and actress (d. 2015) 1918 - Barry Morse, English actor (d. 2008) 1919 - Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian physician and politician (d. 2007) 1919 - Kevin O'Flanagan, Irish footballer, rugby player and physician (d. 2006) 1920 – Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (d. 2007) 1921 - Jean Robic, French motorcycle racer (d. 1980) 1921 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (d. 2021) 1921 - Oskar Gröning, German SS member (d. 2018) 1922 – Judy Garland, American actress (d. 1969) 1922 - Bill Kerr, Australian actor (d. 2014) 1923 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media tycoon (d. 1991) 1924 - Friedrich L. Bauer, German computer scientist (d. 2014) 1925 - James Salter, American writer (d. 2015) 1925 - Leo Gravelle, Canadian ice hockey player 1926 – Lionel Jeffries, British actor (d. 2010) 1927 - Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician (d. 2013) 1928 – Maurice Sendak, American writer and illustrator (d. 2012) 1929 - E. O. Wilson, American biologist, researcher, theorist, naturalist and author 1929 – Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005) 1929 - James McDivitt, American astronaut 1929 - Lyudmila Zykina, Russian singer (d. 2009) 1929 - Yevgeniy Chazov, Russian physician 1930 - Aranka Siegal, Czech-born American writer and Holocaust survivor 1930 - Ilya Glazunov, Russian painter (d. 2017) 1930 - Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (d. 2013) 1931 - Bryan Cartledge, English diplomat 1931 – Joao Gilberto, Brazilian singer and guitarist 1932 - Philipp Jenninger, German politician (d. 2018) 1933 – Georgi Atanasov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1934 - Alois Mock, Austrian politician (d. 2017) 1936 - Eugenio Bersellini, Italian footballer (d. 2017) 1938 – Violetta Villas, Belgian-born Polish singer, songwriter, composer and actress (d. 2011) 1939 - Joe Bossano, former Chief Minister of Gibraltar 1941 – Jürgen Prochnow, German actor 1941 – Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles) 1941 - Mickey Jones, American drummer and actor 1942 - Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, Scottish judge 1942 - Lopo do Nascimento, 1st Prime Minister of Angola 1943 - Simon Jenkins, English journalist 1943 - Edward Peel, English actor 1944 - Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-born Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972) 1947 - Nicole Bricq, French politician (d. 2017) 1949 - Frankie Faison, American actor 1949 – John Sentamu, Archbishop of York 1949 - Kevin Corcoran, American actor (d. 2015) 1951 1975 1953 – John Edwards, American politician 1953 - Bill Longmuir, Scottish golfer 1954 - Rich Hall, American comedian and writer 1955 – Annette Schavan, German politician 1956 – Rolandas Paksas, former President of Lithuania 1959 – Carlo Ancelotti, Italian footballer and football manager 1959 – Eliot Spitzer, American politician, former Governor of New York 1960 – Mark-Anthony Turnage, English composer 1960 – Maxi Priest, English singer 1961 - Kim Deal, American singer-songwriter and musician 1962 – Gina Gershon, American actress 1962 - Akie Abe, wife of Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe 1963 - Nadia Hasnaoui, Norwegian television presenter 1963 - Brad Henry, American politician, 26th Governor of Oklahoma 1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress 1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician 1964 - Stuart McCall, Scottish footballer and manager 1964 – Kate Flannery, American actress 1965 – Elizabeth Hurley, British actress 1965 - Veronica Ferres, German actress 1965 - Joey Santiago, Filipino-American musician and songwriter 1966 – David Platt, English footballer 1967 - Paul Maskey, Northern Irish politician 1967 - Heimir Hallgrímsson, Icelandic dentist and football coach 1968 - Bill Burr, American comedian and writer 1969 – Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer 1969 - Helen Young, English television presenter 1969 - Jane Hill, English television journalist 1970 - Chris Coleman, Welsh footballer and coach 1970 - Katsuhiro Harada, Japanese game designer, director and producer 1971 – Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer 1971 – Bobby Jindal, American politician, former Governor of Louisiana 1973 – Faith Evans, American singer 1974 - Dustin Lance Black, American director, producer and screenwriter 1974 - Simon Elliott, New Zealand footballer 1974 - Mohamed Emara, Egyptian footballer 1975 – Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer 1975 - Risto Jussilainen, Finnish ski jumper From 1976 1976 - George Friedrich, Prince of Prussia 1978 – Shane West, American musician and actor 1979 - Assi Azar, Israeli television host 1980 - Wang Yaegu, Singaporean table tennis player 1980 - Jessica DiCicco, American actress 1981 – Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein of Jordan 1981 – Nicky Whelan, Australian actress and model 1982 - Laleh Pourkarim, Iranian-Swedish singer 1982 – Princess Madeleine of Sweden 1982 – Tara Lipinski, American figure skater 1983 – Leelee Sobieski, American actress 1983 - Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer 1983 - Marion Barber III, American football player 1985 - Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player 1985 - Kaia Kanepi, Estonian tennis player 1985 – Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer 1985 – Andy Schleck, Luxembourg cyclist 1986 - Keith Harkin, Irish singer-songwriter and actor 1987 – Martin Harnik, Austrian footballer 1989 – Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer 1991 - Juan Jesus, Brazilian footballer 1992 - Kate Upton, American model and actress 1994 - Annefleur Kalvenhaar, Dutch cyclist (d. 2014) 1996 - Kristjan Ilves, Estonian skier 1999 - Blanche, Belgian singer 2001 – Sasha Obama, daughter of Barack Obama Deaths Up to 1900 323 BC – Alexander the Great (b. c. 355 BC) 38 – Julia Drusilla, sister of Caligula (b. 16) 223 - Liu Bei, Chinese Emperor (b. 161) 1075 – Ernest, Margrave of Austria (b. 1027) 1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Frederick Barbarossa) (b. 1122) 1556 – Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486) 1580 – Luis de Camoes, Portuguese poet 1654 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598) 1680 – Johan Goransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635) 1692 – Bridget Bishop, English-born alleged witch (b. 1632) 1776 – Hsinbyushin, Burmese King (b. 1736) 1799 - Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1745) 1811 - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, German aristocrat (b. 1728) 1836 – Andre-Marie Ampere, French mathematician (b. 1775) 1896 – Amelia Dyer, British murderer of babies (b. 1829) 1898 - Tuone Udaina, Croatian-Italian barber, last speaker of the Dalmatian language 1899 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855) 1901 2000 1902 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845) 1903 - Luigi Cremona, Italian mathematician, statistician and politician (b. 1830) 1906 – Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845) 1918 - Arrigo Boito, Italian composer (b. 1842) 1923 - Pierre Loti, French soldier and author (b. 1850) 1924 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian Socialist politician (b. 1885) 1926 – Antoni Gaudi, Catalan architect (b. 1852) 1930 - Adolf von Harnack, German historian and theologian (b. 1851) 1934 – Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862) 1937 – Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854) 1940 – Marcus Garvey, African American publicist and political activist (b. 1887) 1946 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878) 1949 – Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer (b. 1882) 1955 - Margaret Abbott, American golfer (b. 1876) 1962 - Francisco Bru, Spanish footballer, coach and referee (b. 1885) 1967 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900) 1974 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900) 1976 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (b. 1873) 1982 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German director and actor (b. 1945) 1988 – Louis L'Amour, American writer (b. 1908) 1992 - Hachidai Nakamura, Japanese composer and pianist (b. 1931) 1993 – Les Dawson, English comedian (b. 1934) 1996 - Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1914) 1998 – Hammond Innes, English actor (b. 1914) 2000 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930) From 2001 2001 - Leila Pahlavi, daughter of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (b. 1970) 2002 – John Gotti, American criminal (b. 1940) 2003 – Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929) 2004 – Ray Charles, American singer (b. 1930) 2004 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek politician (b. 1904) 2007 – Laurence Mancuso, American religious leader (b. 1934) 2008 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyz writer (b. 1928) 2010 – Ferdinand Oyono, Cameroonian writer (b. 1929) 2010 – Sigmar Polke, German painter (b. 1941) 2011 - Patrick Leigh Fermor, British soldier and writer (b. 1915) 2012 – George Saitoti, Kenyan politician (b. 1945) 2013 - Enrique Orizaola, Spanish footballer (b. 1922) 2013 - Barbara Vucanovich, American politician (b. 1921) 2014 - Gerald Nicholas McAllister, American Anglican prelate (b. 1923) 2015 - Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (b. 1936) 2015 - Robert Chartoff, American movie producer (b. 1933) 2016 - Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928) 2016 - Alex Govan, Scottish footballer (b. 1929) 2016 - Habib, Iranian singer (b. 1952) 2016 - Mary Feik, American aviatrix (b. 1924) 2016 - Alexander Gorlov, Russian politician (b. 1931) 2016 - Gopal Gurung, Nepalese politician and author (b. 1935) 2016 - Alfred Oftedal Telhaug, Norwegian educator (b. 1934) 2016 - Giuseppe Virgili, Italian footballer (b. 1935) 2016 - Christina Grimmie, American singer (b. 1994) 2017 - Chi Po-lin, Taiwanese photographer and director (b. 1964) 2017 - Austin Deasy, Irish politician (b. 1936) 2017 - Samuel V. Wilson, American army general (b. 1923) 2017 - Helen Freedhoff, Canadian theoretical physicist (b. 1940) 2018 - Neal E. Boyd, American pop singer and reality show contestant (b. 1975) 2018 - Liliana Ross, Italian-Chilean actress (b. 1939) 2019 - Girish Karnad, Indian actor, writer and director (b. 1938) 2019 - Lee Hee-ho, First Lady of South Korea (b. 1922) 2019 - Crazy Mohan, Indian comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1952) 2019 - Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal, American guitarist and singer-songwriter (b. 1944) 2019 - Wang Jun, Chinese business executive (b. 1941) Observances Day of Camoes, Portugal Day (Portugal) Reconciliation Day (Republic of the Congo) Army Day (Jordan) Abolition Day (French Guiana) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2025

June 25

Events Up to 1900 253 Pope Cornelius is executed by beheading. 524 The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vezeronce. 841 Battle of Fontenay: Forces lead by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine. 1530 At the Diet of Augsburg, the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and electors of Germany. 1658 Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War. 1678 Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia becomes the first woman to get a Doctorate of Philosophy, graduating from the University of Padua. 1741 Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Hungary. 1786 Gavriil Pribylov discovers Saint George Island in the Pribilof Islands (now belonging to Alaska, US) in the Bering Sea. 1788 Virginia ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 10th state of the United States. 1876 Battle of the Little Big Horn and the death of Colonel George Armstrong Custer. 1888 Fire destroys Sundsvall, Sweden. 1900 Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts of great historical significance, in the Magao Caves at Dunhuang, China. 1901 2000 1903 Marie Curie announces the discovery of radium. 1910 Igor Stravinsky's ballet "The Firebird" is first performed in Paris. 1935 Colombia and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations. 1938 Dr. Douglas Hyde is elected the first President of Ireland. 1940 World War II: France officially surrenders to Germany. 1943 The Holocaust: Jews in the Czestochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis. 1944 World War II: The Nordic countries' biggest battle of the war, of Tali-Ihantala, begins. 1945 Seán T. O'Kelly is elected the second President of Ireland. 1947 The Diary of a Young Girl (Diary of Anne Frank) is first published. 1948 The Berlin airlift begins. 1949 "Long-Haired Hare", starring Bugs Bunny, is released in theatres. 1950 The beginning of the Korean War. 1953 In the UK, the murderer John Christie is sentenced to death. 1959 Éamon de Valera is elected the third President of Ireland. 1960 Two cryptographers working on the US National Security Agency leave for vacation in Mexico, and from there they defect to the Soviet Union. 1967 First global satellite television programme – "Our World". 1973 Erskine Hamilton Childers is elected the fourth President of Ireland. 1975 Mozambique gains independence from Portugal. 1975 A State of Emergency is declared in India. 1976 A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in New Guinea kills 422 people. 1978 The Rainbow flag for Gay pride is flown for the first time in San Francisco. 1978 Argentina wins the FIFA World Cup, beating the Netherlands 3-1 in extra time. 1981 Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington. 1982 A match-fixing scandal erupts after West Germany and Austria both qualify from the group stage of the 1982 FIFA World Cup in a very slow-paced match, at Algeria's expense. 1982 Greece abolishes headshaving of the recruits in the military. 1988 In West Germany, the Netherlands wins the UEFA European Championship, defeating the Soviet Union 2-0. In the game, Dutch striker Marco van Basten scores a goal that is widely considered to be the best in European Championship history. 1991 Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia. 1993 David Letterman airs his last episode of Late Night with David Letterman. 1993 Kim Campbell is chosen as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and becomes the first female Prime Minister of Canada. 1993 Tansu Ciller becomes the first female Prime Minister of Turkey. 1993 Vienna Declaration is adopted by World Conference on Human Rights. 1996 Khobar Towers bombing leaves 19 U.S. servicemen dead in Saudi Arabia. 1997 The Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat erupts, killing 19 people. 1997 An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian Space Station Mir. 1998 Microsoft Windows 98 is released. 1998 In Clinton v. City of New York, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional. 1999 The American soap opera Another World airs its 8891st and final episode. From 2001 2001 A typhoon strikes Fujian province of China, killing over 100 people. 2006 Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit is kidnapped by Palestinian militants. 2007 British soldiers leave Northern Ireland after 37 years. 2009 Pop star Michael Jackson dies suddenly, aged 50, leading to a worldwide outpouring of grief. 2013 Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani becomes the 8th Emir of Qatar. 2014 An explosion in Abuja, Nigeria, kills over 20 people. Births Up to 1900 1242 Beatrice of England, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1275) 1328 William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (d. 1397) 1373 Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435) 1560 Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634) 1568 Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597) 1612 John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (d. 1634) 1646 Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia, Italian philosopher (d. 1684) 1715 Jean-François Foulon, French politician (d. 1789) 1726 Thomas Pennant, British naturalist (d. 1798) 1755 Princess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776) 1768 Lazare Hoche, French general (d. 1797) 1799 David Douglas, Scottish botanist (d. 1834) 1821 Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (d. 1906) 1825 James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888) 1842 Eloy Alfaro, 15th President of Ecuador (d. 1912) 1852 Antoni Gaudí, Catalan architect (d. 1926) 1858 Georges Courteline, French dramatist (d. 1929) 1860 Gustave Charpentier, French composer (d. 1956) 1863 Emile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935) 1864 Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1941) 1865 Robert Henri, painter (d. 1929) 1870 Yi-junyong, Korean Joseon Dynasty politician (d. 1917) 1884 Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German art promoter (d. 1979) 1886 Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950) 1887 Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1938) 1887 George Abbott, American playwright, screenwriter, producer, director and actor (d. 1995) 1894 Hermann Oberth, physicist (d. 1989) 1896 Alfred Anderson, Scottish centenarian and World War I veteran (d. 2005) 1900 Marta Abba, Italian actress (d. 1988) 1900 Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (d. 1979) 1901 1950 1902 Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953) 1903 George Orwell, English writer (d. 1950) 1903 Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990) 1903 Bob Skelton, American swimmer (d. 1977) 1904 Vladimir Kokkinaki, Russian test pilot (d. 1985) 1905 Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer (d. 1976) 1907 J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist (d. 1973) 1908 Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher (d. 2000) 1911 William Howard Stein, American chemist (d. 1980) 1912 William T. Cahill, American politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996) 1913 Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005) 1915 Peter Lind Hayes, actor (d. 1998) 1917 Nils Karlsson, Swedish cross-country skier (d. 2012) 1917 Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018) 1921 Heinrich Windelen, German politician (d. 2015) 1923 Nicholas Mosley, British writer (d. 2017) 1923 Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994) 1924 Sidney Lumet, American actor, director and producer (d. 2011) 1925 June Lockhart, American actress 1925 Robert Venturi, American architect (d. 2018) 1926 Margaret Anstee, British diplomat (d. 2016) 1926 Ingeborg Bachmann, writer (d. 1973) 1926 Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge and politician (d. 2015) 1927 Antal Roka, Hungarian athlete (d. 1970) 1928 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian physicist (d. 2017) 1928 Peyo, Belgian comic book artist (d. 1992) 1928 Alex Toth, American cartoonist (d. 2006) 1929 Eric Carle, American children's writer (d. 2021) 1929 Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014) 1930 George Murdock, American actor (d. 2012) 1931 Mrunalini Devi Puar, Indian educator (d. 2015) 1931 V. P. Singh, Prime Minister of India (d. 2008) 1932 George Sluizer, Dutch filmmaker (d. 2014) 1932 Peter Blake, British artist 1933 James Meredith, American civil rights activist 1935 Charles Sheffield, English mathematician, physicist and science fiction author (d. 2002) 1935 Larry Kramer, American writer and activist 1936 Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia, 1998 – 1999 1937 Obuchi Keizo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2000) 1940 Denys Arcand, French-Canadian movie director, screenwriter and producer 1940 Peer Augustinski, German actor (d. 2014) 1940 Mary Beth Peil, American opera singer and actress 1942 Michel Tremblay, Canadian playwright 1945 Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter 1945 Kevin McKenna, Irish politician (d. 2019) 1946 Roméo Dallaire, Canadian senator 1946 Ian McDonald, British musician 1949 Brigitte Bierlein, Austrian jurist and Chancellor of Austria 1951 1975 1952 Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter, musician and composer 1954 Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court 1954 Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player 1954 David Paich, American singer-songwriter 1954 Alison Leslie, British diplomat 1955 Terry Chimes, musician 1956 Boris Trajkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004) 1956 Anthony Bourdain, American chef and writer (d. 2018) 1957 Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player 1959 Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper 1960 Aldo Serena, Italian footballer 1960 Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player 1961 Ricky Gervais, British comedian and actor 1961 Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakhstani producer and director 1962 Phill Jupitus, British comedian and broadcaster 1963 George Michael, British singer (d. 2016) 1963 Yann Martel, Spanish-Canadian writer 1963 Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player 1963 John Benjamin Hickey, American actor 1964 Johnny Herbert, British Formula One driver 1964 Greg Raymer, American poker player 1966 Richard Matt, American murderer and prison escapee (d. 2015) 1966 Dikembe Mutombo, basketball player 1969 Zim Sum, American guitarist 1970 Lucy Benjamin, British actress 1971 Neil Lennon, Northern Irish footballer 1971 Scott Maslen, English actor 1971 Jason Lewis, American actor 1972 Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican baseball player 1972 Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan politician 1973 Milan Hnilicka, Czech ice hockey player 1973 Jamie Redknapp, English footballer 1973 Sunetra Sarker, English actress 1974 Karisma Kapoor, Indian actress 1975 Derek Adams, Scottish footballer and coach 1975 Linda Cardellini, American actress 1975 Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player 1975 Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player From 1976 1976 José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer 1976 Carlos Niesto, Argentine-Italian rugby player 1976 Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player 1976 Gavin Williamson, English politician 1977 Lola Ponce, Argentine-born Italian singer, actress and model 1979 Daniel Jensen, Danish footballer 1979 La La, American actress and TV host 1981 Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper 1981 Sheridan Smith, English actress and singer 1981 Pooja Umashankar, Indian actress 1982 Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player 1982 Rain, Korean singer and actor 1982 Cécile Cassel, French actress and singer 1983 Marc Janko, Austrian footballer 1984 Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer 1985 Scott Brown, Scottish footballer 1985 Hanna Pérez Moza, Mexican singer (Ha*Ash) 1985 Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer 1986 Gabriele Grunewald, American runner (d. 2019) 1986 Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer 1986 Charlie Davies, American soccer player 1987 Claudio Corti, Italian motorcycle racer 1987 Alissa Czisny, American figure skater 1988 Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player 1989 Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1989 Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director and screenwriter 1991 Kyousuke Hamao, Japanese actor, singer and model 1991 Victor Wanyama, Kenyan footballer 1991 Simone Zaza, Italian footballer 1993 Barney Clark, English actor 1997 Rodrigo Bentancur, Uruguayan footballer 2002 Mason Vale Cotton, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 253 Pope Cornelius 635 Emperor Gaozu, 1st Emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China (b. 566) 1134 King Niels of Denmark (b. 1034) 1218 Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, Norman crusader (b. 1160) 1291 Eleanor of Provence (b. 1223) 1533 Mary Tudor, Queen of France (b. 1496) 1579 Hatano Hideharu, Japanese daimyo and samurai (b. 1541) 1593 Michele Mercati, Italian physician (b. 1541) 1634 John Marston, English playwright (b. 1576) 1638 Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1602) 1665 Archduke Sigismund Francis of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1630) 1671 Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer (b. 1598) 1686 Simon Ushakov, Russian painter (b. 1626) 1767 Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (b. 1681) 1792 Thomas Peters, Sierra Leone founding father (b. 1738) 1822 E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer, and painter (b. 1776) 1857 Langdon Cheves, American politician (b. 1776) 1861 Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1823) 1864 King William I of Württemberg (b. 1781) 1866 Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish zoologist (b. 1803) 1868 Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist (b. 1811) 1876 George Armstrong Custer, American army officer (b. 1839) 1876 Thomas Custer, American army officer (b. 1845) 1876 Boston Custer, American guide, forager, packer and scout (b. 1848) 1882 François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806) 1884 Hans Rott, composer (b. 1858) 1886 Jean-Louis Beaudry, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809) 1889 Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States (b. 1831) 1898 Ferdinand Julius Cohn, German botanist and microbiologist (b. 1828) 1901 2000 1906 Stanford White, American architect (b. 1853) 1916 Thomas Eakins, artist (b. 1844) 1922 Satyendranath Dutta, Bengali poet (b. 1882) 1929 Georges Courteline, French dramatist and novelist (b. 1858) 1932 Howard Valentine, American track and field athlete (b. 1881) 1933 Giovanni Giacometti, Swiss painter (b. 1868) 1937 Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900) 1939 Dick Seaman, English racing driver (b. 1913) 1944 Dénes Berinkey, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871) 1944 Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (b. 1906) 1948 William C. Lee, U.S. general (b. 1895) 1949 Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871) 1960 Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (b. 1869) 1971 John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician (b. 1880) 1974 Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893) 1976 Johnny Mercer, American songwriter (b. 1909) 1977 Bob Skelton, American swimmer (b. 1903) 1979 Dave Fleischer, American animator, director and producer (b. 1894) 1983 Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (b. 1916) 1983 Oddbjorn Hagen, Norwegian skier (b. 1908) 1984 Michel Foucault, French philosopher (b. 1926) 1988 Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist (b. 1962) 1992 James Stirling, British architect (b. 1926) 1995 Warren E. Burger, United States Supreme Court Chief Justice (b. 1907) 1995 Ernest Walton, Irish physicist (b. 1905) 1997 Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French explorer, scientist, movie maker and inventor (b. 1910) 1999 Tommy Ivan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1911) From 2001 2003 Lester Maddox, segregationist Governor of Georgia (b. 1915) 2006 Kenneth Griffith, British actor and director (b. 1921) 2008 Erika Crusardson, artist and actress (b. 1975) 2009 Farrah Fawcett, American actress (b. 1947) 2009 Michael Jackson, American entertainer and singer (b. 1958) 2009 Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1937) 2011 Margaret Tyzack, British actress (b. 1931) 2013 Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916) 2014 Ana Maria Matute, Spanish writer (b. 1925) 2014 Nigel Calder, English science writer (b. 1931) 2014 Arvid Jacobsen, Norwegian newspaper editor (b. 1938) 2015 Patrick Macnee, English-American actor (b. 1922) 2016 Bill Cunningham, American photographer (b. 1929) 2016 Giuseppe Ferrara, Italian movie director (b. 1932) 2016 Patrick Mayhew, British politician, former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (b. 1929) 2016 Nicole Courcel, French actress (b. 1931) 2016 Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo, Indian writer (b. 1926) 2017 Gordon Wilson, Scottish politician (b. 1938) 2017 Elsa Daniel, Argentine actress (b. 1938) 2017 K. R. Mohanan, Indian film director (b. 1947) 2017 José Manuel Mourinho Félix, Portuguese footballer and manager (b. 1938) 2017 Walter Fillmore, American general (b. 1933) 2018 Paul Gérin-Lajoie, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1920) 2018 Richard Benjamin Harrison, American businessman and television presenter (b. 1941) 2018 David Goldblatt, South African photographer and critic of Apartheid (b. 1930) 2018 James M. Keck, American lieutenant general (b. 1921) 2019 Kevin McKenna, Irish politician (b. 1945) 2019 Isabel Sarli, Argentine actress and model (b. 1929) Observances Independence Day (Mozambique) National Day of Slovenia and Croatia Statehood Day (Virginia) National Catfish Day (United States) Arbor Day (Philippines) Days of the year

10022

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2013

June 13

Events Up to 1960 313 The Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-Emperor Valerius Licinius granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, is posted in Nicomedia. 1373 The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance takes effect. 1381 The Peasants' Revolt in England, led by Wat Tyler, ends in the burning of the Savoy Palace. 1525 Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora. 1625 Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland marries Henrietta Maria of France. 1665 Anglo-Dutch War: English victory at the naval Battle of Lowestoft. 1733 The island of Croix in the Caribbean goes from French control to the Danish West India Company. 1740 In the present-day United States, Georgia's Governor James Oglethorpe begins an unsuccessful attempt to take Spanish Florida during the Siege of Saint Augustine. 1774 Rhode Island bans the import of slaves. 1777 American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army. 1805 Lewis and Clark Expedition: Meriwether Lewis and four companions see the Great Falls on the Missouri River. 1858 Up to 250 passengers are killed in an explosion on the paddle steamer Pennsylvania on the Mississippi River, near Memphis, Tennessee. 1881 The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. 1886 A fire destroys much of Vancouver. 1886 Ludwig II of Bavaria is found dead in the Starnberger See (Starnberg Lake). His doctor was also found dead. The exact circumstances of their deaths remain a mystery. 1893 Grover Cleveland secretly undergoes a successful operation to remove a large cancerous portion of his jaw. 1898 The Yukon Territory is split from Canada's Northwest Territories. Dawson becomes the capital. Later, the capital moves to Whitehorse 1910 The University of the Philippines College of Engineering is founded. 1917 A World War I German air raid on London kills 162 people. 1927 Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York City. 1934 Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet in Venice. 1935 Jim Braddock wins the World Heavyweight Boxing title by defeating Max Baer. 1946 King Umberto II of Italy goes into exile in Portugal as Italy becomes a republic after a referendum on June 2. 1950 Hugo Koblet wins the 33rd edition of the Giro d'Italia cycling race. As a Swiss, he is the first non-Italian to win the event. 1952 Catalina Affair: A Swedish DC-3 aircraft is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter. 1955 The Mir Mine, the first Soviet diamond mine, is discovered. 1956 In football, Real Madrid wins the first European Cup, defeating Stade Reims 4-3 in Paris. 1961 2000 1967 Thurgood Marshall is nominated as the first African American justice on the United States Supreme Court. 1967 The Soviet Union calls for action against Israel. 1970 The Long and Winding Road becomes The Beatles' last US Number One hit song. 1971 The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers. 1974 The 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany begins. 1977 James Earl Ray, who was convicted of killing Martin Luther King, Jr., is recaptured following his escape from prison three days earlier. 1978 Israel's Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon. 1981 Marcus Serjeant fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II during the Trooping the Colour parade. 1982 Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia, succeeding his deceased half-brother Khalid. 1982 Racing driver Riccardo Paletti is killed when he crashes on the start grid of the Canadian Grand Prix. 1983 Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the Solar System. 1990 Official demolition of the Berlin Wall begins. 1991 The 1998 Winter Olympics are given to Nagano, Japan. 1994 A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazlewood for the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989. 1995 Jacques Chirac announces that France will continue to carry out nuclear testing in French Polynesia. 1996 Guernsey votes to end its ban on abortion. 1997 The Uphaar cinema fire in New Delhi kills 59 people. 1997 Timothy McVeigh is sentenced to death for the Oklahoma bombing. 2000 South Korea's President Kim Dae Jung and North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il meet at the first inter-Korean summit, in Pyongyang. 2000 Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, who shot at Pope John Paul II in 1981. From 2001 2002 The US withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. 2002 Two 14-year-old South Korean girls are struck and killed by a United States Army armored vehicle on the Yangju highway, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the US and South Korea. 2005 Irish becomes one of the official languages of the European Union. 2005 Michael Jackson is found not guilty of child molestation at his Neverland Ranch. 2011 Two strong aftershocks, following the February 22 earthquake, hit Christchurch, New Zealand, measuring at 5.5 and 6 magnitude, causing more damage, liquefaction, and 10 injuries. 2012 At least 93 people are killed in a series of bombings across Iraq. 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup: Previous champions, Spain, are beaten 5-1 by the Netherlands in a group match. They had beaten the Dutch in the final of the previous World Cup. It is the worst opening-day result of any defending champion in the history of tournament. 2019 Two oil tankers are attacked in the Strait of Hormuz; The governments of the United States and United Kingdom blame Iran for the attacks. Births Up to 1800 40 Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general (d. 93) 823 Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the West Franks (d. 877) 839 Charles the Fat, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks (d. 888) 1508 Alesandro Piccolomini, Italian writer and philosopher (d. 1579) 1584 Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese Samurai warrior, artist and writer (d. 1645) 1595 Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (d. 1667) 1615 Pope Innocent XII (d. 1700) 1649 Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706) 1672 Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1741) 1752 Fanny Burney, English novelist (d. 1840) 1753 Johan Afzelius, Swedish chemist (d. 1837) 1761 Antonin Vranicky, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1820) 1763 José Bonifacio de Andrade, Brazilian statesman (d. 1838) 1773 Thomas Young, English polymath (d. 1829) 1775 Antoni Radziwill, Polish politician (d. 1833) 1786 Winfield Scott, American general (d. 1866) 1790 José Antonio Sáez, President of Venezuela (d. 1873) 1801 1900 1809 Heinrich Hoffmann, German painter and writer (d. 1894) 1821 Albert, 4th duc de Broglie, French historian, publicist and statesman (d. 1901) 1822 Carl Schmidt, German chemist (d. 1894) 1827 Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (d. 1882) 1831 James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish inventor and physicist (d. 1879) 1854 Charles Algernon Parsons, Anglo-Irish engineer (d. 1931) 1863 Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, English fashion designer (d. 1935) 1864 Rudolf Kjellén, Swedish professor (d. 1922) 1865 William Butler Yeats, Irish writer (d. 1939) 1866 Aby Warburg, German art historian (d. 1929) 1870 Jules Bordet, Belgian doctor, won the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961) 1874 Leopoldo Lugones, Argentine poet (d. 1938) 1875 Paul Neumann, Austrian swimmer and physician (d. 1932) 1876 William Sealey Gosset, English chemist and statistician (d. 1937) 1882 Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1960) 1884 Dobri Bozhilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1945) 1884 Burrill Bernard Crohn, American physician (d. 1983) 1884 Anton Drexler, German political figure (d. 1942) 1885 Henry George Lamond, Australian novelist (d. 1959) 1887 André François-Poncet, French politician and diplomat (d. 1978) 1887 Bruno Frank, German writer (d. 1957) 1888 Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (d. 1935) 1892 Basil Rathbone, British actor (d. 1967) 1893 Dorothy L. Sayers, English writer (d. 1957) 1894 Dr. Leo Kanner, Austrian-American physician (d. 1981) 1894 Jacques Henri Lartigue, French photographer (d. 1986) 1894 Tay Garnett, American movie director (d. 1977) 1897 Paavo Nurmi, Finnish athlete (d. 1973) 1899 Carlos Chavez, Mexican composer, conductor, theorist and journalist (d. 1978) 1901 1950 1901 Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1985) 1903 Red Grange, American football player (d. 1991) 1905 Doc Cheatham, American trumpeter, singer and bandleader (d. 1997) 1905 Xian Xinghai, Chinese composer (d. 1945) 1906 Bruno de Finetti, Italian mathematician (d. 1985) 1908 Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, Portuguese painter (d. 1992) 1908 Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime Minister of North Yemen (d. 2003) 1909 E. M. S. Namboodiripad, Indian politician, 1st Chief Minister of Kerala (d. 1998) 1910 Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, Galician writer (d. 1999) 1910 Mary Whitehouse, British campaigner (d. 2001) 1910 Mary Wickes, American actress (d. 1995) 1911 Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist (d. 1988) 1914 Barbara Reynolds, English author and lexicographer (d. 2015) 1915 Don Budge, American tennis player (d. 2000) 1917 Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer (d. 2005) 1917 Teddy Turner, English actor and comedian (d. 1992) 1920 Rolf Huisgen, German chemist (d. 2020) 1921 Lennart Strand, Swedish runner (d. 2004) 1926 Paul Lynde, American comedian and actor (d. 1982) 1926 Jerome Lejeune, French physician and geneticist (d. 1994) 1927 Slim Dusty, Australian singer (d. 2003) 1928 John Forbes Nash, American mathematician (d. 2015) 1928 Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (d. 2015) 1928 Li Ka-shing, Chinese businessman 1929 Ralph McQuarrie, American production designer (d. 2012) 1929 Robert W. Scott, 67th Governor of North Carolina (d. 2009) 1932 Bob McGrath, American actor and singer 1935 Samak Sundaravej, former Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2009) 1935 Christo, Bulgarian artist (d. 2020) 1935 Jeanne-Claude, French artist (d. 2009) 1937 Erich Ribbeck, German football manager 1939 Siegfried, German-born tiger trainer and magician (Siegfried and Roy) (d. 2021) 1940 Bobby Freeman, American singer-songwriter, pianist and producer (d. 2017) 1940 Gojko Mitic, Serbian actor 1941 Esther Ofarim, Israeli singer 1941 Marcel Lachemann, American baseball player, coach and manager 1942 Abdulsalami Abubakar, former President of Nigeria 1943 Malcolm McDowell, English actor 1943 Jim Guy Tucker, 43rd Governor of Arkansas 1944 Ban Ki-moon, South Korean Secretary-General of the United Nations 1946 Gonzalo Aja, Spanish cyclist 1946 Sher Bahadur Deuba, 32nd Prime Minister of Nepal 1946 Paul L. Modrich, American biochemist 1948 Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player and executive (d. 2001) 1948 Joe Roth, American director and producer 1949 Ulla Schmidt, German politician 1950 Gerd Zewe, German footballer 1950 Nick Brown, British politician 1951 1975 1951 Richard Thomas, American actor 1951 Stellan Skarsgaard, Swedish actor 1953 Tim Allen, American actor 1954 Andrzej Lepper, Polish politician (d. 2011) 1954 Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigerian economist and politician 1955 Alan Hansen, Scottish footballer 1957 Roy Cooper, American politician, 75th Governor of North Carolina 1958 Peter Scudamore, British jockey and trainer 1959 Lance Kinsey, Canadian actor 1959 Boyko Borisov, three-time Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1959 Klaus Iohannis, 5th President of Romania 1961 Bob Crow, English trade union leader (d. 2014) 1962 Ally Sheedy, American actress 1964 Kathy Burke, English actress 1964 Sarunas Marciulionis, Lithuanian basketball player 1965 Lisa Vidal, American actress 1965 Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca, Spanish royal 1966 Grigori Perelman, Russian mathematician 1966 Naoko Hattori, Japanese racing driver 1968 David Gray, British singer 1968 Marcel Theroux, British writer and broadcaster 1969 Virginie Despentes, French writer, novelist and movie maker 1969 Svetlana Krivelyova, Russian athlete 1969 Soren Rasted, Danish singer-songwriter, musician and producer 1969 Jamie Walters, American entertainer 1970 Chris Cairns, New Zealand cricketer 1970 Rivers Cuomo, American musician 1970 Mikael Ljungberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2004) 1973 Mattias Hellberg, Swedish musician 1973 Kasia Kowalska, Polish singer-songwriter, producer and actress 1974 Selma Björnsdóttir, Icelandic singer 1974 Steve-O, American stunt performer and TV personality 1975 Ante Covic, Australian footballer From 1976 1976 Kym Marsh, English singer, actress and TV presenter 1978 Mikako Ichikawa, Japanese actress and model 1978 Richard Kingson, Ghanaian footballer 1980 Sarah Connor, German singer 1980 Darius Vassell, English footballer 1980 Florent Malouda, French footballer 1980 Juan Carlos Navarro, Spanish basketball player 1981 Julie-Marie Parmentier, French actress 1981 Radim Vrbata, Czech ice hockey player 1982 Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopian long-distance runner 1982 Chris Cusiter, Scottish rugby union player 1986 Mary-Kate & Ashely Olsen, American actresses 1986 Keisuke Honda, Japanese footballer 1986 Kat Dennings, American actress 1986 Mans Zelmerlow, Swedish singer 1989 Lisa Tucker, American singer and actress 1990 Aaron Johnson, English actor 1991 Barbara Bonansea, Italian footballer 1991 Anatoly Zabolotny, Russian footballer 1992 Kim Jin-su, South Korean footballer 1993 Simona Senoner, Italian ski jumper (d. 2011) 1993 Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (d. 2018) 1996 Kodi Smit-McPhee, Australian actor Deaths Up to 1975 1036 Ali az-Zahir, Islamic ruler (b. 1005) 1231 Anthony of Padua, Portuguese saint (b. 1195) 1256 Tankei, Japanese sculptor (b. 1173) 1645 Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman and author (b. 1584) 1762 Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, German doctor (b. 1715) 1784 Henry Middleton, American politician (b. 1717) 1817 Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Irish author and engineer (b. 1744) 1846 Jean-Baptiste Benoit Eyries, French geographer, author and translator (b. 1767) 1881 Josef Skoda, Czech physician (b. 1805) 1886 King Ludwig II of Bavaria (b. 1845) 1898 Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, 5th Premier of Quebec (b. 1840) 1901 Leopoldo Alas, Spanish writer (b. 1852) 1905 Theodoros Deligiannis, Greek statesman (b. 1820) 1908 Antonio Gonzalez de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1824) 1918 Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1878) 1930 Henry Segrave, American-English racing driver (b. 1896) 1931 Kitasato Shibasaburo, Japanese physician (b. 1851) 1948 Osamu Dazai, Japanese writer (b. 1909) 1951 Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885) 1957 Irving Baxter, American athlete (b. 1876) 1965 Martin Buber, Austrian-born philosopher (b. 1878) 1972 Georg von Bekesy, Hungarian biophysicist (b. 1899) 1972 Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-German spy (b. 1891) 1976 2010 1979 Demetrio Stratos, Egyptian-Italian singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1945) 1980 Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and activist (b. 1942) 1982 Riccardo Paletti, Italian racing driver (b. 1958) 1982 King Khalid of Saudi Arabia (b. 1912) 1986 Benny Goodman, American musician (b. 1909) 1987 Geraldine Page, American actress (b. 1924) 1993 Deke Slayton, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1924) 1997 Nguyen Manh Tuong, Vietnamese lawyer (b. 1909) 1998 Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (b. 1911) 2003 Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1916) 2003 Hassan ibn Yahya, Prime Minister of North Yemen (b. 1908) 2004 Dick Durrance, American skier (b. 1914) 2006 Charles Haughey, Irish Taoiseach (b. 1925) 2007 Walid Eido, Lebanese politician (b. 1942) 2008 Tim Russert, American broadcast journalist (b. 1950) 2009 Mitsuharu Misawa, Japanese wrestler (b. 1962) 2010 Jimmy Dean, American singer (b. 1928) From 2011 2012 William Standish Knowles, American chemist (b. 1917) 2012 Roger Garaudy, French philosopher, author and Holocaust denier (b. 1913) 2014 Gyula Grosics, Hungarian footballer (b. 1926) 2014 Robert Peters, American poet, playwright and actor (b. 1924) 2014 Mahdi Elmandjra, Moroccan economist and futurologist (b. 1933) 2014 Chuck Noll, American football player and coach (b. 1932) 2014 Robert Peters, American poet, critic, scholar, playwright, editor and actor (b. 1924) 2014 Jim Keays, Australian rock musician (b. 1946) 2014 Sara Widén, Swedish opera singer (b. 1980) 2015 Drs. P, Swiss-Dutch singer-songwriter, poet and writer (b. 1919) 2015 Buddy Boudreaux, American jazz saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1917) 2016 Ofelya Hambardzumyan, Armenian singer (b. 1925) 2016 Oleg Karavaychuk, Soviet-Russian composer (b. 1927) 2016 Chips Moman, American songwriter (b. 1937) 2017 A. R. Gurney, American playwright (b. 1927) 2017 Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (b. 1924) 2017 Jack Ong, American actor (b. 1940) 2017 Anita Pallenberg, Italian actress (b. 1944) 2017 Ulf Stark, Swedish screenwriter and author (b. 1944) 2018 Arkangel de la Muerte, Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1966) 2018 Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (b. 1961) 2018 D. J. Fontana, American rock music drummer (b. 1931) 2018 Charles Vinci, American weightlifter (b. 1933) 2019 Pat Bowlen, American sports executive (b. 1944) 2019 Nature Ganganbaigal, Chinese musician and composer (b. 1990) 2019 Edith González, Mexican actress (b. 1964) 2019 Geoff Lees, English footballer (b. 1933) 2019 Heinrich Reichert, Swiss neurobiologist (b. 1949) 2019 Wilhelm Wieben, German television journalist, actor and author (b. 1935) 2020 Sheikh Md Abdullah, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1945) 2020 Dick Garmaker, American basketball player (b. 1932) 2020 Jim Grelle, American runner (b. 1936) 2020 B. Kannan, Indian cinematographer (b. 1951) 2020 Mohammed Nasim, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1948) 2020 Maurice Rajsfus, French writer and historian (b. 1928) 2020 Jean Raspail, French author and explorer (b. 1925) 2020 Tineke Verburg, Dutch journalist and television presenter (b. 1956) 2020 Marc Zermati, French record producer (b. 1945) Holidays and Observances Inventors' Day (Hungary) Days of the year

10023

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2014

June 14

Events Up to 1900 1057 Pope Stephen IX is elected. 1158 Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. 1177 The Cham people conquer the Khmer city of Angkor in present-day Cambodia, where the Angkor Wat temple is located. They came over the Tonle Sap lake on their way there. 1216 First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France captures the city of Winchester and then conquers over half of the Kingdom of England. 1276 While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince, Zhao Shi, making Emperor Duanzong of Song. 1285 Forces led by Prince Tran Quang Khai of Vietnam's Tran Dynasty destroys most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in the Battle of Chuong Duong. 1381 Richard II of England meets with leaders of the Peasants' Revolt. 1645 English Civil War: The Battle of Naseby results in 12,000 royalists being defeated by 15,000 parliamentarian soldiers. 1648 Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston, Massachusetts, being the first execution for witchcraft in the Massachusetts colony. 1775 The Continental Army is founded by the Continental Congress. This is regarded as the founding of the United States Army. 1777 The Stars and Stripes is chosen as the national flag of the United States. 1789 After the Mutiny on the Bounty, William Bligh and 18 other survivors reach the island of Timor, after a 7,400-kilometre open-boat journey. 1797 The Ligurian Republic is declared in Genoa. 1800 Napoleonic Wars: The French re-conquer Italy after defeating the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo. 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in what was then part of Poland, ending the War of the Fourth Coalition 1811 Harriet Beecher Stowe, writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin, is born. 1822 Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine to the Royal Astronomical Society, which he describes as 'note on application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables'. 1830 The French invasion of Algiers begins. 1839 The first Henley-on-Thames Royal Regatta takes place in Oxfordshire. 1846 Not knowing of the Mexican-American War, 22 American settlers found the Republic of California, which is annexed by the United States soon after. 1863 American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester. 1872 Trade Unions are legalised in Canada. 1891 A bridge collapse near Munchenstein in Switzerland, causes a train to derail, killing 78 people. 1900 Hawaii is annexed by the United States. 1900 The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy. 1901 2000 1907 Norway gives women the right to vote. 1913 Football: The club Racing Santander is founded in Santander, Cantabria, Spain. 1914 The five-ring flag of the Olympics is first raised. 1919 John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart from St. John's, Newfoundland on the first non-stop trans-Atlantic flight. 1926 Brazil leaves the League of Nations. 1937 Itatiaia National Park becomes the first National Park in Brazil. 1937 Pennsylvania starts to celebrate Flag Day as a public holiday. 1940 World War II: Paris falls under German occupation. 1940 Holocaust: The Auschwitz Concentration Camp is opened. 1940 The Soviet Union issues an ultimatum to Lithuania, ending its independence. 1941 June deportation: The first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murders of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians begins. 1942 Anne Frank starts to write in her diary. 1949 Bao Dai is installed as the South Vietnamese leader in Saigon. 1951 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) is dedicated by the US Census bureau. 1954 Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill adding 'under God' into the US Pledge of Allegiance. 1955 Chile signs the Buenos Aires Convention. 1962 The European Space Research Organisation is founded in Paris, later becoming the European Space Agency. 1965 Nguyen Cao Ky becomes leader of South Vietnam, leading a military junta. 1967 The Mariner 5 space probe is launched to Venus. 1967 The People's Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb. 1982 The Falklands War comes to an end, as Argentine forces surrender to the British in Port Stanley. 1985 TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens. 1993 Tansu Ciller becomes the first female Prime Minister of Turkey. 1994 A riot occurs in Vancouver after a Stanley Cup ice hockey match, where the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks. 1998 The Storebaelt Bridge, consisting of Western and Eastern sections and connecting the Danish islands of Funen and Zealand, is opened to traffic. 1998 The Chicago Bulls win a 6th NBA championship in 8 years. Part of the successful team was Michael Jordan. 1999 Thabo Mbeki is chosen to succeed Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa. From 2001 2002 Near-Earth asteroid "2002 MN" misses the Earth by 121,000 kilometers (75,000 miles). 2003 In a referendum, a majority of voters in the Czech Republic approves entry to the EU. 2013 The Airbus A350 aircraft has its first flight. 2015 The Philae spacecraft, which made the first successful landing on a comet in November 2014, wakes up. It had gone into hibernation a few days after landing. 2015 Flooding in Tbilisi, Georgia, kills 12 people and results in several zoo animals either being killed or escaping onto the streets. 2017 Grenfell Tower fire: A massive fire occurs in a tower block in North Kensington, London, killing 72 people. 2017 2017 Congressional baseball shooting: Gunman James T. Hodgkinson opens fire on a baseball practice session among US Republican members of Congress, before being shot dead by police. Congressman Steve Scalise is severely injured in the attack. 2017 Leo Varadkar becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. 2018 The 2018 FIFA World Cup starts in Moscow, as hosts Russia defeat Saudi Arabia 5-0. 2019 The 2019 Copa América, in Brazil, starts; the hosts start the tournament with a 3-0 win over Bolivia. Births Up to 1900 1444 Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1544) 1463 Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1514) 1479 Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian poet (d. 1552) 1529 Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria (d. 1595) 1691 Jan Francisci, Hungarian organist and composer (d. 1758) 1712 Sayat-Nova, Armenian singer, poet and composer (d. 1795) 1726 James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797) 1726 Thomas Pennant, Welsh naturalist (d. 1798) 1730 Antonio Sacchini, Italian composer (d. 1786) 1736 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (d. 1806) 1763 Simon Mayr, German composer (d. 1845) 1780 Henry Salt, English artist, diplomat and Egyptologist (d. 1827) 1796 Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician (d. 1866) 1798 Frantisek Palacky, Czech scholar and politician (d. 1876) 1801 Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868) 1811 Harriet Beecher Stowe, American writer (d. 1896) 1812 Fernando Wood, Mayor of New York City (d. 1881) 1819 Henry Gardner, 23rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1892) 1832 Nikolaus Otto, German engineer (d. 1891) 1835 Nikolai Rubinstein, Russian composer, pianist and conductor (d. 1881) 1838 Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese military leader, and two-time Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1922) 1840 William F. Nast, American attaché, railroad executive and inventor (d. 1893) 1855 Robert M. La Follette, Sr., 20th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 1925) 1856 Andrei Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922) 1862 John Ulric Nef, Swiss-born chemist (d. 1915) 1864 Alois Alzheimer, German doctor, discovered Alzheimer's disease (d. 1915) 1868 Karl Landsteiner, Austrian doctor, won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1943) 1870 Sophia of Prussia, Queen consort of Greece (d. 1932) 1871 Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946) 1877 Jane Bathori, French soprano (d. 1970) 1884 John McCormack, Irish fencer (d. 1945) 1884 Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (d. 1953) 1888 Jacques de Lacretelle, French writer (d. 1985) 1893 Siggie Nordstrom, Swedish singer (d. 1980) 1894 Marie-Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924) 1895 Jack Adams, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1968) 1895 Pan Yuliang, Chinese painter (d. 1977) 1899 Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer (d. 1972) 1901 1950 1903 Alonzo Church, American mathematician and theorist (d. 1995) 1907 Chico Landi, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1989) 1909 Burl Ives, American musician (d. 1995) 1910 Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976) 1910 Carlo Ceseroli, Italian footballer (d. 1995) 1916 Georg Henrik von Wright, Finnish philosopher (d. 2003) 1917 Lise Norgaard, Danish journalist, novelist and screenwriter 1919 Gene Barry, American actor (d. 2009) 1919 Sam Wanamaker, American actor (d. 1993) 1920 Jacques Datin, French songwriter (d. 1973) 1921 Martha Greenhouse, American actress (d. 2013) 1922 Kevin Roche, Irish architect (d. 2019) 1923 Judith Kerr, German-born English writer (d. 2019) 1924 James W. Black, Scottish physician (d. 2010) 1925 Serge Moscovici, French psychologist (d. 2014) 1925 Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician (d. 2004) 1926 Hermann Kant, German writer (d. 2016) 1928 Che Guevara, Argentinian Marxist revolutionary (d. 1967) 1928 Robert Brout, Belgian physicist (d. 2011) 1929 Gunilla Pontén, Swedish fashion designer (d. 2019) 1930 Odile Versois, French actress (d. 1980) 1931 Marla Gibbs, American actress, singer and screenwriter 1931 Junior Walker, American saxophonist and singer (d. 1995) 1933 Jerzy Kosinski, Polish-American writer (d. 1991) 1933 Vladislav Rastorotsky, Soviet gymnastics coach 1936 Renaldo Benson, American singer-songwriter (d. 2005) 1936 George Hugh Niederauer, American bishop (d. 2017) 1939 Steny Hoyer, American politician 1940 Jack Bannon, American actor (d. 2017) 1940 Francesco Guccini, Italian singer, musician and actor 1942 Andy Irvine, English-Irish singer-songwriter and bouzouki player 1943 Piet Keizer, Dutch footballer (d. 2017) 1945 Rod Argent, English rock musician 1945 Carlos Reichenbach, Brazilian director and producer (d. 2012) 1946 Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer (d. 1979) 1946 Donald Trump, American businessman, politician and 45th President of the United States 1946 Robert Louis-Dreyfus, French businessman (d. 2009) 1947 Barry Melton, American guitarist 1949 Jim Lea, British musician (Slade) 1949 Papa Wemba, Congolese singer and musician (d. 2016) 1949 Alan White, British musician 1950 Rowan Williams, former Archbishop of Canterbury 1951 1975 1951 Paul Boateng, British politician 1952 Pat Summitt, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016) 1953 Hana Laszlo, Israeli actress and comedienne 1954 Frank Hadden, Scottish rugby union coach 1955 Kirron Kher, Indian actress 1955 Paul O'Grady, British TV presenter and entertainer 1955 Michael D. Duvall, American politician 1956 King Diamond, Danish singer 1956 Gianna Nannini, Italian singer-songwriter and musician 1958 Olaf Scholz, German politician, former Mayor of Hamburg 1958 Eric Heiden, American speed skater 1958 Pamela Geller, American blogger, author, political activist and animator 1961 Boy George, British singer 1961 Dusan Kojic, Serbian singer-songwriter and musician 1966 Traylor Howard, American actress 1968 Yasmine Bleeth, American actress 1969 Steffi Graf, German tennis player 1969 Kyle Hebert, American actor 1970 Heather McDonald, American actress, comedienne and author 1971 Ramon Vega, Swiss footballer 1971 Bruce Bowen, American basketball player 1973 Sami Kapanen, Finnish ice hockey player From 1976 1976 Alan Carr, British comedian 1976 Massimo Oddo, Italian footballer 1977 Joe Worsley, English rugby player 1978 Diablo Cody, American screenwriter 1979 Paradorn Srichaphan, Thai tennis player 1981 Lonneke Engel, Dutch model 1981 Elano, Brazilian footballer 1981 Alastair Kellock, Scottish rugby union player 1982 Lang Lang, Chinese pianist 1982 Luda Kroiter, Moldovan 5-time world salsa champion 1984 Siobhan Donaghy, British singer 1984 Yury Prilukov, Russian swimmer 1985 Oleg Medvedev, Russian luger 1986 Haley Hudson, American actress and singer 1988 Dayo Okeniyi, Nigerian actor 1988 Kevin McHale, American actor 1989 Lucy Hale, American actress 1989 Cory Higgins, American basketball player 1989 Joao Rojas, Ecuadorean footballer 1990 Patrice Cormier, Canadian ice hockey player 1991 Erick Barrondo, Guatemalan race walker 1991 Kostas Manolas, Greek footballer 1991 André Carrillo, Peruvian footballer 1991 Jesy Nelson, English singer (Little Mix) 1992 Daryl Sabara, American actor 1992 Evan Sabara, American actor 1993 Svetlana Issakova, Estonian figure skater 1993 Callum McGregor, Scottish footballer Deaths Up to 1930 1161 Emperor Qinzong of China (b. 1100) 1205 Walter, Count of Brienne 1349 Günther von Schwarzburg, King of Germany (b. 1304) 1381 Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury 1497 Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia, son of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1474) 1516 John III of Navarre (b. 1469) 1544 Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489) 1548 Carpentras, French composer (b. 1470) 1594 Orlande di Lasso, Flemish composer (b. 1532) 1642 Saskia van Uylenburgh, wife of Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn (b. 1612) 1648 Margaret Jones, first person to be executed for witchcraft in Massachusetts 1662 Henry Vane the Younger, English colonial governor and politician (b. 1613) 1703 Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625) 1746 Colin Maclaurin, Scottish mathematician (b. 1698) 1800 Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French general (b. 1768) 1801 Benedict Arnold, American soldier (b. 1841) 1825 Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and designer (b. 1754) 1837 Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798) 1883 Charles J. Jenkins, Governor of Georgia (b. 1805) 1886 Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (b. 1823) 1908 Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, British Governor-General of Canada (b. 1841) 1914 Adlai E. Stevenson, American politician (b. 1835) 1920 Max Weber, German sociologist and political economist (b. 1864) 1923 Isabelle Bogelot, French philanthropist (b. 1838) 1926 Mary Cassatt, American painter (b. 1843) 1927 Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (b. 1894) 1927 Jerome K. Jerome, British writer (b. 1859) 1928 Emmeline Pankhurst, British women's rights campaigner (b. 1858) 1931 2010 1932 Peter Adler Alberti, Danish politician and swindler (b. 1851) 1936 G. K. Chesterton, British writer (b. 1874) 1936 Hans Poelzig, German architect, painter and designer (b. 1869) 1946 John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor and television pioneer (b. 1888) 1953 Klement Gottwald, Czech politician (b. 1896) 1968 Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer (b. 1901) 1976 Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (b. 1900) 1979 Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer (b. 1946) 1986 Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer and poet (b. 1899) 1986 Alan Jay Lerner, American composer (b. 1918) 1991 Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (b. 1907) 1994 Henry Mancini, American composer (b. 1924) 1994 Marcel Mouloudji, French singer and actor (b. 1922) 1996 Noemi Gerstein, Argentine artist (b. 1908) 1997 Richard Jaeckel, American actor (b. 1926) 2000 Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and writer (b. 1911) 2004 Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (b. 1900) 2005 Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor (b. 1914) 2007 Ruth Graham, American poet, wife of Billy Graham (b. 1920) 2007 Kurt Waldheim, Austrian UN Secretary-General (b. 1918) 2007 Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (b. 1922) 2009 Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1940) 2010 Leonid Kizim, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1941) From 2011 2011 Peter Schamoni, German movie director and producer (b. 1934) 2012 Carlos Reichenbach, Brazilian director and producer (b. 1945) 2013 Gene Mako, Hungarian-American tennis player (b. 1916) 2014 Sam Kelly, English actor (b. 1943) 2014 Isabelle Collin Dufresne, French-American actress (b. 1935) 2014 Robert Lebeck, German photojournalist (b. 1929) 2014 Francis Matthews, English actor (b. 1927) 2014 Benjamin Winter, German equestrian (b. 1988) 2015 Hugo Blanco, Venezuelan musician (b. 1940) 2015 Zito, Brazilian footballer (b. 1932) 2015 Qiao Shi, Chinese politician (b. 1924) 2015 Anne Nicol Gaylor, American activist (b. 1926) 2016 Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist (b. 1943) 2016 Irma Roy, Argentine actress and politician (b. 1932) 2016 Ronnie Claire Edwards, American actress (b. 1933) 2016 Anatoli Grishin, Russian sprint canoeist (b. 1939) 2016 Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (b. 1928) 2016 Gertrude Kerbis, American architect (b. 1926) 2016 Gilles Lamontagne, Canadian politician (b. 1919) 2017 James T. Hodgkinson, American home inspector, businessman and gunman (b. 1951) 2017 Ernestina Herrera de Noble, Argentine newspaper editor (b. 1925) 2017 Arthur J. Jackson, American military officer (b. 1924) 2018 Vincent R. Gray, English-New Zealand chemist (b. 1922) 2018 Mongi Kooli, Tunisian politician (b. 1930) 2018 Stanislav Govorukhin, Russian film director, actor and screenwriter (b. 1936) 2018 Sonia Scurfield, Canadian businesswoman and sports team owner (b. 1928) 2018 Fazlullah, Pakistani terrorist (b. 1974) 2019 Bernard M. Judge, American newspaper editor (b. 1940) 2019 Ricardo Migliorisi, Paraguayan painter and designer (b. 1948) 2019 Roger Béteille, French aeronautical engineer and businessman (b. 1921) 2019 George E. Felton, British computer scientist (b. 1921) 2019 Ebert Van Buren, Honduran-American football player (b. 1924) 2019 James Wyngaarden, American physician (b. 1924) 2020 Luce Douady, French climber (b. 2003) 2020 Elsa Joubert, South African writer (b. 1922) 2020 Noel Kelly, Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1936) 2020 Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz, Iranian actor (b. 1930) 2020 Aarón Padilla Gutiérrez, Mexican footballer (b. 1942) 2020 Sushant Singh Rajput, Indian actor (b. 1986) 2020 Haroldo Rodas, Guatemalan politician (b. 1946) 2020 Claude Samuel, French music critic and radio businessman (b. 1931) 2020 Keith Tippett, British jazz pianist and composer (b. 1947) 2020 Raj Mohan Vohra, Indian army lieutenant general (b. 1932) Observances Flag Day (United States) Freedom Day (Malawi) Liberation Day (Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) Women's Day (Iraq) World Blood Donor Day (after birthday of Karl Landsteiner) Mourning and Commemoration Day (Estonia) Mourning and Hope Day (Lithuania) Day of Memory for Repressed People (Armenia) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2015

June 15

Events Up to 1900 763 BC The Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. 923 Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and Charles the Simple is arrested by supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy. 1184 King Magnus V of Norway is killed in battle. 1215 King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta. 1219 Northern Crusades: Danish victory at Battle of Lyndanisse (present-day Tallinn) leads to the Danish Duchy of Estonia being established. In Legend, it was also the first time that the Dannebrog was used. 1300 The city of Bilbao in the Basque Country is founded. 1389 Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats the Serbs and Bosnians. 1502 Christopher Columbus reaches the island of Martinique. 1520 Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther. 1580 Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent an outlaw. 1667 The first blood transfusion is administered by Doctor Jean-Baptiste Denys. 1741 Vitus Bering sets sail on his voyage from Petropavlovsk, Russia that will lead him to Alaska. 1775 American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. 1776 Delaware votes to suspend government under the British crown, and separates from Pennsylvania. 1785 Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier, co-pilot of the first-ever manned flight (in 1783), and his companion, Pierre Romain, become the first-ever air crash casualties when their hot-air balloon explodes during their attempt to cross the English Channel. 1804 New Hampshire ratifies the United States Constitution, after approving the 12th Amendment. 1808 Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain. 1836 Arkansas becomes the 25th State of the United States. 1844 Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber. 1846 The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as being the longest part of the Canada-United States border. 1859 The shooting of a pig in the San Juan Islands on the Pacific Ocean coast of North America leads to the so-called "Pig War" between the United States and Canada, which was then under British control. 1862 Australian bushranger Frank Gardiner and his gang, hold up a coach carrying gold at Eugowra, New South Wales. This is the biggest robbery in Australian history. 1864 Arlington National Cemetery is established in the United States. 1877 Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy. 1878 Eadward Muybridge takes a series of photographs that prove that all four of a horse's legs leave the ground when it is running. This is also a key milestone in the development of moving pictures. 1888 Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of Germany. 1896 A tsunami in Japan kills more than 22,000 people. 1901 2000 1904 The paddle stramer General Slocum sinks on the East River in New York City, killing 1,388 people. 1910 Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated expedition to Antarctica leaves Cardiff. 1916 Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America. 1919 John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown complete the first trans-Atlantic flight when they land in Ireland. 1920 A border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark. 1934 Great Smoky Mountains National Park is established in the Appalachian Mountains. 1937 A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses 16 members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas. 1940 World War II: Allied troops start to evacuate Paris, following the German take-over. 1944 World War II: The US invades the Japanese-occupied island of Saipan. 1954 UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is founded. 1969 Georges Pompidou is elected President of France. 1970 Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders. 1972 Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen. 1977 In the first Spanish election since the Francisco Franco dictatorship, Adolfo Suarez is elected Prime Minister of Spain. 1978 King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who chooses to be known as Queen Noor of Jordan. 1991 After showing activity since April 2, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines enters its most destructive phase. 1994 Formal relations between Israel and Vatican City are officially established. 1996 The Provisional IRA explode a large bomb in the centre of Manchester. From 2001 2002 A near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 121,000 kilometres. 2006 Microsoft announces the resignation of its "Chief Software Architect" Bill Gates. 2008 Kosovo's Constitution takes effect, following the declaration of independence in February, which Serbia disagrees with. 2011 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot: Rioting occurs in Vancouver, Canada, following the Vancouver Canucks ice hockey team's defeat in the final of the Stanley Cup. 2012 Nik Wallenda successfully walks on a tightrope across Niagara Falls. 2013 The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup begins with the Brazil national football team defeating the Japan national football team 3-0. 2018 The Glasgow School of Art's Mackintosh building is hit by a second fire in just over four years, causing a lot of damage to it. Births Up to 1900 1330 Edward, the Black Prince, heir to the throne of England (d. 1376) 1479 Lisa del Giocondo, Italian model (d. 1542) 1519 Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, son of Henry VIII of England (d. 1536) 1534 Henri I de Montmorency, French nobleman (d. 1614) 1542 Richard Grenville, English captain and explorer (d. 1591) 1594 Nicolas Poussin, French painter (d. 1665) 1623 Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672) 1640 Bernard Lamy, French mathematician (d. 1715) 1749 Georg Joseph Vogler, German composer, organist and theorist (d. 1814) 1763 Franz Danzi, German cellist, composer and conductor (d. 1826) 1765 Martin Baum, American businessman and politician (d. 1831) 1765 Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bonnenberger, German mathematician (d. 1831) 1767 Rachel Jackson, wife of Andrew Jackson before he became US President (d. 1828) 1792 Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Australian explorer (d. 1855) 1798 Alexander Gorchakov, Russian diplomat (d. 1883) 1801 Benjamin Wright Raymond, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883) 1805 William Butler Ogden, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1877) 1835 Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress, painter and poet (d. 1868) 1843 Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907) 1848 Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala, Indian bishop and saint (d. 1902) 1867 Konstantin Balmont, Russian songwriter (d. 1942) 1875 Herman Smith-Johannsen, Norwegian-born cross country skier and supercentenarian (d. 1987) 1876 Margaret Abbott, American golfer (d. 1955) 1882 Ion Antonescu, Romanian military leader (d. 1946) 1882 Morgan Foster Larson, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1961) 1884 Harry Langdon, American actor (d. 1944) 1888 Ramón López Velarde, Mexican poet (d. 1921) 1890 Wilhelm Leuschner, German political activist and member of the Resistance (d. 1944) 1894 Trygve Gulbranssen, Norwegian writer (d. 1962) 1894 Robert Russell Bennett, American composer and arranger (d. 1981) 1894 Nikolai Chebotaryov, Ukrainian mathematician (d. 1947) 1900 Otto Luening, German-born American composer (d. 1996) 1901 1950 1902 Erik Erikson, German-born psychoanalyst (d. 1994) 1906 Gordon Welchman, British mathematician (d. 1985) 1908 Sam Giancana, American mafioso (d. 1975) 1910 David Rose, American songwriter, composer and orchestra leader (d. 1990) 1911 Wilbert Awdry, British children's writer (d. 1997) 1914 Yuri Andropov, Soviet political leader (d. 1984) 1915 Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist (d. 2008) 1916 Horacio Salgan, Argentine pianist, composer, orchestra leader and arranger 1916 Herbert Simon, American economist (d. 2001) 1917 John Bennett Fenn, American chemist (d. 2010) 1920 Alberto Sordi, Italian actor and director (d. 2003) 1923 Erland Josephson, Swedish actor (d. 2012) 1923 Ninian Stephen, 20th Governor-General of Australia (d. 2017) 1923 Erroll Garner, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 1977) 1924 Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (d. 2005) 1925 Richard Baker, English broadcaster (d. 2018) 1926 Shigeru Kayano, Japanese activist (d. 2006) 1927 Hugo Pratt, Italian writer and artist (d. 1995) 1930 John Fretwell, English diplomat (d. 2017) 1930 Marcel Pronovost, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015) 1932 Mario Cuomo, American politician, former Governor of New York (d. 2015) 1933 Mohammad-Ali Rajai, 2nd President of Iran (d. 1981) 1933 Yasukazu Tanaka, Japanese footballer 1934 Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor (d. 2016) 1934 Mikel Laboa, Basque singer and songwriter (d. 2008) 1936 Claude Brasseur, French actor 1936 William Levada, American cardinal (d. 2019) 1937 Waylon Jennings, American musician (d. 2002) 1937 Anna Hazare, Indian activist 1938 Billy Williams, American baseball player 1939 Brian Jacques, British writer (d. 2011) 1941 Harry Nilsson, American singer and composer (d. 1994) 1942 John E. McLaughlin, American deputy director of the CIA 1943 Johnny Hallyday, French rock musician and singer (d. 2017) 1943 Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark 1943 Muff Winwood, English musician 1945 Robert Sarah, Guinean cardinal 1945 Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipina politician (d. 2016) 1946 Brigitte Fossey, French actress 1946 Noddy Holder, British singer (Slade) 1946 Demis Roussos, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2015) 1948 Henry McLeish, 2nd First Minister of Scotland 1948 Alan Huckle, English politician and diplomat, Governor of Anguilla 1948 José Huerta, Peruvian politician (d. 2019) 1949 Simon Callow, English actor 1949 Simone Rethel, German actress 1949 Jim Varney, American actor (d. 2000) 1950 Lakshmi Mittal, Indian industrialist 1951 1975 1951 John Redwood, English politician 1953 Rita Lee, American model 1953 Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1954 James Belushi, American actor 1954 Beverley Whitfield, Australian swimmer (d. 1996) 1955 Julie Hagerty, American actress 1955 David Kennedy, son of Robert F. Kennedy (d. 1984) 1955 Mauril Bélanger, Canadian politician 1956 Robin Curtis, American actress 1956 Yevgeny Kiselyov, Russian journalist 1958 Wade Boggs, American baseball player 1958 Riccardo Paletti, Italian racing driver (d. 1982) 1959 Alan Brazil, Scottish footballer 1959 Eileen Davidson, American actress 1961 Laurent Cantet, French director 1963 Mario Gosselin, Canadian ice hockey player 1963 Helen Hunt, American actress 1963 Blanca Portillo, Spanish actress 1963 Nigel Walker, Welsh rugby player 1964 Courteney Cox, American actress 1964 Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer 1964 Gavin Greenaway, English composer and conductor 1965 Karim Massimov, 7th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan 1966 Raimonds Vejonis, 9th President of Latvia 1968 Samira Ahmed, British journalist and presenter 1969 Oliver Kahn, German goalkeeper 1969 Ice Cube, American rapper 1969 Bashar Warda, Iraqi archbishop 1970 Leah Remini, American actress 1971 Edwin Brienen, Dutch-German actor, director and producer 1971 Bif Naked, Indian-Canadian singer-songwriter, actress and poet 1972 Marcus Hahnemann, American goalkeeper 1973 Neil Patrick Harris, American actor, singer and director 1973 Tore André Flo, Norwegian footballer 1973 Greg Vaughan, American actor 1974 Chakri, Indian movie composer and singer (d. 2014) From 1976 1976 Gary Lightbody, Northern Irish singer (Snow Patrol) 1977 Michael Doleac, American basketball player 1978 Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer 1979 Danielle Lineker, British model 1979 Yulia Nesterenko, Belarussian athlete 1980 Iker Romero, Spanish handball player 1980 Almudena Cid Tastado, Spanish rhythmic gymnast 1980 Mary Carey, American pornographic actress 1981 John Paintsil, Ghanaian footballer 1981 Emma Snowsill, Australian triathlete 1981 Billy Martin, American musician (Good Charlotte) 1982 Mike Delany, New Zealand rugby player 1982 Katie Chapman, English footballer 1982 Atli Gregersen, Faroese footballer 1983 Laura Imbruglia, Australian musician 1984 Amber Coffman, American musician 1984 Tim Lincecum, American baseball player 1985 Nadine Coyle, Northern Irish singer (Girls Aloud) 1986 Stoya, American pornographic actress, writer and model 1988 Barakat Al-Hartini, Omani sprinter 1988 Miku Ishida, Japanese singer and actress 1990 Miwa, Japanese singer-songwriter and musician 1990 Denzel Whitaker, American actor 1992 Mohamed Salah, Egyptian footballer 1992 Dafne Schippers, Dutch heptathlete and sprinter 1993 Kanna Arihara, Japanese singer (Cute) 1994 Rina Hidaka, Japanese voice actress 1994 Iñaki Williams, Spanish footballer Deaths Up to 1900 707 Emperor Mommu of Japan 923 King Robert I of France (b. 866) 991 Theophanu, consort of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 960) 1073 Emperor Go-Sanjo of Japan (b. 1073) 1184 King Magnus V of Norway (b. 1156) 1189 Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese warrior (b. 1159) 1246 Frederick II of Austria (b. 1219) 1381 Wat Tyler, English peasant leader (b. 1341) 1383 John VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1292) 1389 Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1326) 1389 Lazar of Serbia, Serbian saint (b. 1329) 1416 John, Duke of Berry (b. 1340) 1467 Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1396) 1586 Primoz Trubar, Slovenian religious reformer (b. 1508) 1768 James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (b. 1710) 1772 Louis-Claude Daguin, French composer (b. 1694) 1785 Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier, French physicist and balloonist (b. 1757) 1849 James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States (b. 1795) 1888 Kaiser Friedrich III of Germany (b. 1831) 1889 Mihai Eminescu, Romanian poet (b. 1850) 1890 Unryu Kyukichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1822) 1901 2000 1917 Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (b. 1867) 1934 Alfred Bruneau, French composer (b. 1857) 1938 Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, German painter and printmaker (b. 1880) 1945 Carl Gustaf Ekman, Swedish politician (b. 1872) 1961 Giulio Cabianca, Italian racing driver (b. 1923) 1962 Alfred Cortot, French-Swiss pianist (b. 1877) 1971 Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist (b. 1904) 1976 Jimmy Dykes, American baseball player and manager (b. 1896) 1982 Art Pepper, American saxophonist (b. 1925) 1989 Maurice Bellemare, Canadian politician (b. 1912) 1991 Arthur Lewis, British economist (b. 1915) 1991 Happy Chandler, 44th and 49th Governor of Kentucky and Commissioner of Baseball (b. 1898) 1993 John Connally, Governor of Texas (b. 1917) 1993 James Hunt, English racing driver (b. 1947) 1994 Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (b. 1925) 1995 John Vincent Atanasoff, American computer pioneer (b. 1903) 1996 Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (b. 1917) 1996 Fitzroy MacLean, Scottish soldier, writer and politician (b. 1911) From 2001 2001 Jay Moriarty, American surfer (b. 1978) 2002 Choi Hong Hi, founder of Taekwondo (b. 1918) 2003 Hume Cronin, Canadian actor (b. 1911) 2005 Suzanne Flon, French actress (b. 1918) 2007 Sherri Martel, American professional wrestler (b. 1958) 2008 Stan Winston, American filmmaker (b. 1946) 2010 Heidi Kabel, German actress (b. 1914) 2013 Heinz Flohe, German footballer (b. 1948) 2013 Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist (b. 1936) 2013 José Froilán González, Argentine racing driver (b. 1922) 2014 Ray Fox, American NASCAR engine builder and team owner (b. 1916) 2014 Casey Kasem, American radio presenter, DJ and voice actor (b. 1932) 2014 Daniel Keyes, American author (b. 1927) 2015 Jean Doré, Canadian politician, 39th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1944) 2015 Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman (b. 1917) 2015 Blaze Starr, American burlesque dancer, stripper and model (b. 1932) 2015 Jeanna Friske, Russian actress, singer and socialite (b. 1974) 2015 Harry Rowohlt, German writer (b. 1945) 2015 Mighty Sam McClain, American soul-blues singer (b. 1943) 2016 Lois Duncan, American writer (b. 1934) 2016 Claude Confortès, French actor (b. 1928) 2017 Aleksey Batalov, Russian actor (b. 1928) 2017 Ibrahim Abouleish, Egyptian pharmacologist (b. 1937) 2017 Ajmer Singh Aulakh, Indian playwright (b. 1942) 2017 P. N. Bhagwati, Indian judge (b. 1921) 2017 Wilma de Faria, Brazilian politician (b. 1945) 2017 Bill Dana, American comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1924) 2018 Leslie Grantham, English actor (b. 1947) 2018 Enoch zu Guttenberg, German conductor (b. 1946) 2018 Matt Murphy, American blues guitarist (b. 1929) 2019 Marta Harnecker, Chilean sociologist, political scientist, journalist and activist (b. 1937) 2019 Wilhelm Holzbauer, Austrian architect (b. 1930) 2019 Kevin Killian, American poet, author and playwright (b. 1952) 2019 Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film director (b. 1923) 2020 Giulio Giorello, Italian philosopher and mathematician (b. 1945) 2020 Nagendra Nath Jha, Indian politician (b. 1935) 2020 Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1951) 2020 Marinho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1957) 2020 Anton Schlembach, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1932) Observances Separation Day (Delaware) Statehood Day (Arkansas) Arbor Day (Costa Rica) Flag Day (Denmark) National Salvation Day (Azerbaijan) Engineers' Day (Italy) Global Wind Day World Elder Abuse Awareness Day Saint Vitus' Day Days of the year

10025

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2016

June 16

Events Up to 1900 363 - Emperor Julian marches up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. 632 - Yazdegerd III becomes Shah of Persia, as the last ruler of the Sassanid Dynasty. 1487 – Battle of Stoke Field, the end of the Wars of the Roses. 1494 - A tropical storm strikes the island of Hispaniola. It is believed to have been the first Caribbean hurricane to have been observed by Europeans. 1586 - Mary, Queen of Scots recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor. 1745 – British troops take Cape Breton Island, which is now part of Nova Scotia, Canada. 1745 – Sir William Pepperell captures the French Fortress Louisbourg in Louisbourg, Nova Scotia during the War of the Austrian Succession. 1746 – War of Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza 1755 – French and Indian War: French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians 1774 – Formation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky. 1779 - Spain declares war on the United Kingdom and the Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1815 – Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before Waterloo. 1836 – Formation of the London Working Men's Association begins the Chartist Movement 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 concludes. Pope Pius IX is elected pope, beginning the longest reign in the history of the post-apostolic papacy. 1858 – Abraham Lincoln's House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois 1858 – The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny. 1871 – University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests, except for courses in theology. 1883 - The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, North East England, kills 183 children. 1884 – The first roller coaster in the United States begins operation at Coney Island, New York 1891 – John Abbott becomes Canada's third prime minister. 1896 - British passenger steamer Drummond Castle strikes a reef off the French island of Ouessant in deep fog, killing 243 out of the 246 people on board. 1897 - A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the US is signed. It enters into effect the following year. 1901 1950 1902 – Australia: Female British subjects (with the glaring exception of Asians, Aborigines and Africans) won the vote with the Uniform Franchise Act. 1903 – Ford Motor Company incorporates. 1903 – Roald Amundsen commences first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage by leaving Oslo, Norway. 1904 – Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolai Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland. 1904 – James Joyce uses this day as the setting for his novel Ulysses, a day in the life of Leopold Bloom. Known as Bloomsday. 1911 – A 772 gram stony meteorite struck Earth near Kilbourn, Wisconsin, damaging a barn. 1911 – IBM is founded. 1915 – Foundation of the British Women's Institute 1922 – General election in Irish Free State: large majority to pro-treaty Sinn Féin 1924 – Whampoa Military Academy is founded 1925 – Artek, the most famous Young Pioneer camp of the USSR, established. 1940 – World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Premier of Vichy France 1940 – A Communist government is installed in Lithuania. 1944 - George Stinney, aged 14, becomes the youngest American to be executed in the 20th century when he is wrongly executed for murder. 1947 - The Saar Mark is introduced as a currency in Saarland. 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by the Cathay Pacific airline, marks the first skyjacking of a commercial plane. 1951 2000 1954 - The 1954 FIFA World Cup in Switzerland starts. 1955 – Pope Pius XII excommunicates Juan Perón. 1956 – Ted Hughes marries Sylvia Plath. 1958 - Imre Nagy, Pal Maleter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed. 1960 – Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho opens in New York. 1961 – Rudolf Nureyev defects at Le Bourget airport in Paris. 1962 – Two U.S. Army officers are killed in Saigon, Vietnam. 1963 – Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space. 1966 - The ship Texaco Massachusetts, loaded with naphtha, collides with British tanker Alva Cape outside Manhattan, starting a massive fire, killing 33 people. 1972 – Burglars are caught breaking into the United States Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate Hotel in the night on June 17. 1972 – Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen. 1972 – Opening of the New York Jazz Museum. 1972 – Largest single-site hydro-electric power project starts at Churchill Falls Newfoundland. 1976 – Apartheid: A non-violent march by 15000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd and kill 566 children. 1977 – Leonid Brezhnev becomes president of the Soviet Union 1981 – Ken Taylor honoured for helping six Americans escape from Iran during hostage crisis 1983 – Yuri Andropov becomes president of the Soviet Union. 1984 - Cirque du Soleil is founded in Montreal. 1989 - Imre Nagy is reburied in Budapest. 1994 – A Chinese operated Northwest Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes 10 minutes after takeoff killing 160 1995 – The Astronomy Picture of the Day begins 1996 – First round of voting in the Russian presidential election 1997 – Dairat Labguer massacre in Algeria; some 50 people killed. 1999 – Thabo Mbeki elected President of South Africa. 1999 - Japan allows the contraceptive pill. From 2001 2001 – George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin meet in Brdo pri Kranju, Slovenia 2002 – Politically Incorrect is cancelled (from sponsors dropping the show) after host Bill Maher makes controversial comments on air regarding the integrity of President George W. Bush. 2003 – The Hatfields and McCoys sign a formal truce. 2003 - The Church of All Saints is consecrated in Yekaterinburg, on the site of the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were executed in 1918. 2010 - Bhutan bans tobacco. 2012 - Liu Yang becomes China's first female astronaut. 2012 - Aung San Suu Kyi accepts the Nobel Peace Prize in person, having won it in 1991 while she was under house arrest. 2014 - A terrorist attack in Kenya kills 48 people. 2014 - It is announced that Michael Schumacher is no longer in a coma following his skiing accident on December 29, 2013. He is moved from a hospital in Grenoble, France to Switzerland. 2015 - Donald Trump announces his intention to run for US President in 2016. 2016 - British Member of Parliament Jo Cox dies after being attacked in her constituency. 2018 - Iceland, the least-populated country ever to play in the competition, picks up its first FIFA World Cup point, and scores its first goal in the competition, drawing 1-1 with Argentina. 2019 - A widespread power outage affects most of Argentina and Uruguay, as well as parts of Paraguay. 2020 - Twenty Indian soldiers are killed in a border clash with the People's Republic of China. 2020 - COVID-19 pandemic: The number of recorded COVID-19 cases worldwide reaches 8 million. Births Up to 1800 1139 - Emperor Konoe of Japan (d. 1155) 1313 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (d. 1375) 1332 - Isabella de Coucy, daughter of Edward III of England (d. 1382) 1514 – John Cheke, English classical scholar (d. 1557) 1583 – Axel Oxenstierna, Swedish statesman (d. 1654) 1591 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. 1655) 1606 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (d. 1675) 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1640) 1613 – John Cleveland, English poet (d. 1658) 1633 – Jean de Thévenot, French traveler and scientist (d. 1667) 1644 – Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of Scotland, England and Ireland and Duchess of Orléans (d. 1670) 1713 - Meshech Weare, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1786) 1723 – Adam Smith, Scottish philosopher (d. 1790) 1738 – Mary Katharine Goddard, American printer and publisher (d. 1816) 1752 - Salawat Yulayev, Russian Bashkir national hero (d. 1800) 1792 – John Linnell, English artist (d. 1882) 1792 – Sir Thomas Mitchell, Australian explorer (d. 1855) 1793 - Diego Portales, Chilean politician (d. 1837) 1801 1900 1801 – Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1868) 1806 – Edward Davy, English physician, chemist, and inventor (d. 1885) 1813 – Otto Jahn, German archaeologist (d. 1869) 1820 – Athanase Coquerel, French Protestant preacher (d. 1875) 1821 - Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1908) 1826 – Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian geologist and botanist (d. 1897) 1829 – Geronimo, Apache leader (d. 1909) 1836 – Wesley Merritt, American soldier (d. 1910) 1837 – Ernst Laas, German philosopher (d. 1885) 1838 – Cushman Davis, American politician (d. 1900) 1838 - Frederic Archer, British composer, conductor and organist (d. 1901) 1840 – Ernst Otto Schlick, German engineer (d. 1913) 1851 - Peter Adler Alberti, Danish politician and swindler (d. 1932) 1851 - Georg Jellinek, German public lawyer (d. 1911) 1858 – King Gustav V of Sweden (d. 1950) 1858 - John Peter Russell, Australian painter (d. 1930) 1862 - Olaf Frydenlund, Norwegian rifle shooter (d. 1947) 1863 - Paul Vidal, French composer (d. 1931) 1874 – Arthur Meighen, ninth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960) 1880 – Otto Eisenschiml, Austrian-American chemist and historian (d. 1963) 1880 - Alice Bailey, British author (d. 1949) 1881 - Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter (d. 1962) 1882 - Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1967) 1888 - Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 1925) 1888 - Peter Stoner, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1980) 1890 – Stan Laurel, British-born actor and comedian (d. 1965) 1894 - Norman Kerry, American actor (d. 1956) 1896 – Murray Leinster, American writer (d. 1976) 1897 - Elaine Hammerstein, American actress (d. 1948) 1897 – Georg Wittig, German chemist, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1987) 1899 - Helen Traubel, American singer (d. 1972) 1901 1925 1901 - Henri Lefebvre, French sociologist and philosopher (d. 1991) 1902 – Barbara McClintock, American geneticist (d. 1992) 1902 – George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist (d. 1984) 1903 – Helen Traubel, American soprano (d. 1972) 1907 – Jack Albertson, American actor (d. 1981) 1908 - Sarit Thanarat, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1963) 1909 – Archie Fairley Carr, biologist (d. 1987) 1910 – Juan Velasco, President of Peru (d. 1977) 1912 – Enoch Powell, British politician (d. 1998) 1915 – Mariano Rumor, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1990) 1916 – Hank Luisetti, American baseball player (d. 2002) 1917 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (d. 2001) 1917 – Irving Penn, American photographer (d. 2009) 1917 – Phaedon Gizikis, Greek army officer and President (d. 1999) 1917 - Aurelio Lampredi, Italian automobile and aircraft designer (d. 1989) 1920 – José López Portillo, President of Mexico (d. 2004) 1920 – John Howard Griffin, American writer (d. 1980) 1920 - Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Bengali singer, composer and producer (d. 1989) 1922 - Frances Rafferty, American actress and dancer (d. 2004) 1924 - Faith Domergue, American actor (d. 1999) 1925 - Jean d'Ormesson, French novelist (d. 2017) 1925 - Otto Muehl, Austrian artist 1926 1950 1926 - Efraín Ríos Montt, 26th President of Guatemala (d. 2018) 1927 – Tom Graveney, English cricketer (d. 2015) 1927 – Herbert Lichtenfeld, German writer and playwright (d. 2001) 1927 - Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian playwright and author (d. 2014) 1928 - Pierrette Bloch, Swiss artist (d. 2017) 1928 - Annie Cordy, Belgian singer and actress 1929 – Ramón Bieri, American actor (d. 2001) 1929 - Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait 1929 - Pauline Yates, English actress (d. 2015) 1930 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer (d. 2016) 1934 – Dame Eileen Atkins, English actress 1934 - Jane Henson, American puppeteer (d. 2013) 1934 – William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist 1935 – Jim Dine, American artist 1935 - James Bolam, English actor 1936 - Lincoln Almond, former Governor of Rhode Island 1936 - Ann Carter, American actress (d. 2014) 1936 - Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, Nigerian cardinal 1937 – Erich Segal, American writer (d. 2010) 1937 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg Gotha, Bulgarian royal and Prime Minister 1938 – Joyce Carol Oates, American novelist 1938 - Torgny Lindgren, Swedish writer (d. 2017) 1940 – Neil Goldschmidt, former Governor of Oregon 1941 – Lamont Dozier, American record company executive 1942 – Giacomo Agostini, Italian motorcyclist 1942 - John Rostill, British musician (d. 1973) 1943 - Joan Van Ark, American actress 1946 – Rick Adelman, American basketball player and coach 1946 - Jodi Rell, 87th Governor of Connecticut 1946 - Derek Sanderson, Canadian ice hockey player 1947 - Willy Mutunga, Chief Justice of Kenya 1947 - Günther Kaufmann, German actor (d. 2012) 1948 - Leopoldo María Panero, Spanish poet (d. 2014) 1950 - Mithun Chakraborty, Indian actor 1950 - Klaus Lage, German musician 1951 1975 1951 – Roberto Durán, Panamanian boxer 1952 – George Papandreou, former Prime Minister of Greece 1952 – Gino Vannelli, Canadian singer and songwriter 1954 - Jeffrey Ashby, American astronaut 1955 – Laurie Metcalf, American actress 1955 - Patrizio Sala, Italian footballer 1957 - Ian Buchanan, Scottish-American actor 1957 - Alexandra Marinina, Russian writer 1958 - Darrell Griffith, American basketball player 1958 - Johannes Helgason, Icelandic guitarist and pilot 1959 - The Ultimate Warrior, American professional wrestler (d. 2014) 1962 - Femi Kuti, Nigerian singer-songwriter and musician 1966 – Jan Zelezný, Czech athlete 1967 - Jürgen Klopp, German footballer and coach 1967 – John Franklin, American actor 1968 - James Patrick Stuart, American actor 1969 - Shami Chakrabarti, British academic and activist 1970 – Phil Mickelson, American golfer 1970 – James Shaffer, American guitarist (KoЯn) 1970 – Cobi Jones, American soccer player 1970 - Clifton Collins, Jr., American actor 1971 – Tupac Shakur, American rapper and actor (d. 1996) 1971 – Derek R. Audette, Canadian artist and poet 1972 - Simon Coveney, Irish politician 1972 – Hank von Helvete, Norwegian musician 1972 - John Cho, Korean-American actor and musician 1973 - Eddie Cibrian, American actor 1973 - Federica Mogherini, Italian politician, former European Union foreign policy chief 1974 - Joseph May, Canadian voice actor From 1976 1976 – Edwin Tenorio, Ecuadorean footballer 1976 - Cian Ciaran, Welsh musician 1977 – Kerry Wood, American baseball player 1978 – Daniel Brühl, Spanish-German actor 1978 - Dainius Zubrus, Lithuanian ice hockey player 1978 - Fish Leong, Malaysian singer 1980 - Brandon Armstrong, American basketball player 1980 – Joey Yung, Hong Kong singer 1980 – Martin Stranzl, Austrian footballer 1980 – Nehir Erdoğan, Turkish actress 1980 - Sibel Kekilli, German actress 1981 – Laron Kevin Mathieu, American poet and world traveler 1981 - Benjamin Becker, German tennis player 1982 - Albert Rocas, Spanish handball player 1983 - Olivia Hack, American actress 1983 – Armend Dallku, Albanian footballer 1984 – Steven Whittaker, Scottish footballer 1985 - Cat Smith, English politician 1986 – Fernando Muslera, Uruguayan footballer 1987 - Per Ciljan Skjelbred, Norwegian footballer 1987 – Abby Elliott, American actress and comedienne 1988 – Keshia Chanté, Canadian singer 1988 - Banks, American singer and songwriter 1989 - Jelena Glabova, Estonian figure skater 1989 - Odion Ighalo, Nigerian footballer 1989 - Yuichi Maruyama, Japanese footballer 1990 - John Newman, English singer 1991 – Joe McElderry, English singer 1991 - Siya Kolisi, South African rugby union player 1994 - Caitlyn Taylor Love, American actress and singer 1995 - Joo Da-young, South Korean actress 1998 - Lauren Taylor, American actress and singer 2000 - Bianca Andreescu, Canadian tennis player Deaths Up to 1900 AD 1216 – Pope Innocent III 1397 – Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (b. 1358) 1464 – Roger van der Weyden, Flemish painter (b. 1399) 1468 – Jean Le Fevre, Burgundian chronicler (b. ca. 1395) 1622 – Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline, Chancellor of Scotland (b. 1555) 1623 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (b. 1599) 1666 – Richard Fanshawe, English poet, translator, and diplomat (b. 1608) 1671 – Stenka Razin, Cossack rebel leader (executed) 1707 – Marie d'Orléans-Longueville, Duchess de Nemours, sovereign princess of Neuchâtel and writer (b. 1625) 1712 - Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1657) 1722 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general (b. 1650) 1749 – Johann Baptista Ruffini, Italian trader (b. 1672) 1752 – Giulio Alberoni, Spanish cardinal (b. 1664) 1752 – Joseph Butler, English philosopher (b. 1692) 1777 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and dramatist (b. 1709) 1778 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720) 1779 – Sir Francis Bernard, Governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts (b. 1712) 1792 - Benjamin Tupper, American general (b. 1738) 1804 – Johann Hiller, German composer (b. 1728) 1817 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman and financier (b. 1759) 1824 - Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, French statesman (b. 1839) 1849 – Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette, German theologian (b. 1780) 1850 - William Lawson, explorer of Australia (b. 1774) 1855 – John Gorrie, American physician (b. 1803) 1858 – John Snow, English obstetrician (b. 1813) 1862 - Hidenoyama Raigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1808) 1866 – Joseph Méry French poet (b. 1798) 1869 – Charles Sturt, English explorer (b. 1795) 1872 – Norman MacLeod, Scottish clergyman (b. 1812) 1878 – Crawford Long, American physician (b. 1815) 1881 – Sir Josiah Mason, English manufacturer (b. 1795) 1885 – Wilhelm Camphausen, German painter (b. 1818) 1894 – William Calder Marshall, Scottish sculptor (b. 1813) 1901 2000 1902 - Ernst Schröder, German mathematician (b. 1841) 1925 – Chittaranjan Das, Indian patriot and freedom fighter (b. 1870) 1925 – Emmett Hardy, American musician (b. 1903) 1929 - Bramwell Booth, 2nd General of the Salvation Army (b. 1871) 1930 – Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American inventor (b. 1860) 1930 – Ezra Fitch, American founder of the Abercrombie & Fitch clothing retailer (b. 1865) 1939 - Chick Webb, American drummer and bandleader (b. 1905) 1940 – DuBose Heyward, American writer (b. 1885) 1944 – Marc Bloch, French historian (executed) (b. 1886) 1944 - George Stinney, African American wrongly executed for murder (b. 1929) 1952 – Andrew Lawson, Scottish-American geologist (b. 1861) 1953 – Margaret Bondfield, English politician and feminist (b. 1873) 1958 – Imre Nagy, Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1896) 1958 - Pál Maléter, Hungarian revolution leader (b. 1917) 1959 – George Reeves, American actor (b. 1914) 1969 – Harold Alexander, British military commander (b. 1891) 1970 – Heino Eller, Estonian composer (b. 1887) 1970 – Brian Piccolo, American football player (b. 1943) 1971 – Lord Reith, British broadcast executive (b. 1889) 1973 - Louise Latimer, American actress (b. 1913) 1976 – Hector Pieterson, South African schoolboy and symbol of anti-Apartheid movement (b. 1963) (shot) 1977 – Wernher von Braun, German-born rocket scientist (b. 1912) 1979 – Nicholas Ray, American movie director (b. 1911) 1979 - Ignatius KutuAcheampong, Ghanaian leader (b. 1931) 1981 – Jule Gregory Charney, meteorologist (b. 1917) 1982 - James Honeyman-Scott, British musician (b. 1956) 1986 – Maurice Duruflé, French composer and organist (b. 1902) 1988 – Kim Milford, American actor (b. 1951) 1990 – Gertrude Baniszewski, American murderer (of Sylvia Likens) (b. 1929) 1991 - Vicki Brown, English singer (b. 1940) 1993 – Lindsay Hassett, Australian cricketer (b. 1913) 1994 - Kristen Pfaff, American bassist (b. 1967) 1996 – Mel Allen, baseball announcer (b. 1913) 1996 – Curt Swan, American comic book artist (b. 1920) 1998 - Jafar Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1910) 1999 – Screaming Lord Sutch, British musician and politician (b. 1940) 2000 – Empress Nagako of Japan (b. 1903) From 2001 2003 – Georg Henrik von Wright, Finnish-Swedish philosopher (b. 1916) 2004 – Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1912) 2005 – Enrique Laguerre, Puerto Rican writer (b. 1906) 2008 – Mario Rigoni Stern, Italian writer (b. 1921) 2008 - Tom Compernolle, Belgian runner (b. 1975) 2010 – Ronald Neame, British cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director (b. 1911) 2010 - Marc Bazin, 49th President of Haiti (b. 1932) 2012 - Nils Karlsson, Swedish cross-country skier (b. 1917) 2012 - Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz al-Saud, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1934) 2013 - Ottmar Walter, German footballer (b. 1924) 2013 - Hans Hass, Austrian diver (b. 1919) 2014 - Tony Gwynn, American baseball player (b. 1960) 2014 - Pierre D'Archambeau, Belgian-American violinist (b. 1927) 2015 - Charles Correa, Indian architect (b. 1930) 2015 - Tony Ranasinghe, Sri Lankan actor (b. 1937) 2016 - Jo Cox, English politician (b. 1974) 2016 - Bill Berkson, American poet and art critic (b. 1939) 2016 - Irving Moskowitz, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1928) 2016 - Pat Suggate, British-New Zealand geologist (b. 1922) 2016 - Jerome Teasley, American drummer (b. 1948) 2017 - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1930) 2017 - John G. Avildsen, American film director (b. 1935) 2017 - Curt Hanson, American politician (b. 1943) 2017 - Stephen Furst, American actor (b. 1955) 2018 - Martin Bregman, American film producer (b. 1926) 2018 - Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Russian conductor (b. 1931) 2019 - Bishop Bullwinkle, American singer and comedian (b. 1948) 2019 - Erzsébet Gulyás-Köteles, Hungarian gymnast (b. 1924) 2019 - Frank LaMere, Native American activist (b. 1950) 2019 - Simona Mafai De Pasquale, Italian politician (b. 1928) 2020 - Mohammad Asghar, Welsh politician (b. 1945) 2020 - Eduardo Cojuangco Jr., Filipino businessman and politician (b. 1935) 2020 - Fred Jarvis, English trade union leader (b. 1924) 2020 - John Madigan, Australian politician (b. 1966) 2020 - Patrick Poivey, French actor (b. 1948) 2020 - John G. Richardson, American lawyer and politician (b. 1957) Observances International Day of the African child Youth Day (South Africa), commemorating the Soweto Uprising Bloomsday (Ireland), celebrating the work of James Joyce Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev (Sikhism) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2017

June 17

Events Up to 1900 1462 Vlad III the Impaler attempts to kill Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed II forcing him to retreat to Wallachia. 1497 Battle of Deptford Bridge – Forces under King Henry VII soundly defeat troops led by Michael An Gof. 1565 Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru. 1579 Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England. 1596 Willem Barents reaches Svalbard during his attempt to find the Northeast Passage. 1631 Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, then spent more than 20 years having her tomb, the Taj Mahal, built. 1673 French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet reach the Mississippi River. 1775 American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bunker Hill – The British forces take Bunker Hill outside of Boston. 1789 In France, the Third Estate declares itself as a national assembly. 1839 In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the Edict of Toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace is later established as a result. 1843 The Wairau Affray, the first serious clash of arms between Maori and British settlers in the New Zealand Land Wars, takes place. 1863 Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War 1876 American Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud – 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory. 1877 American Indian Wars: The Nez Perce defeat United States Cavalry in the Battle of White Bird Canyon, in what was then the Idaho Territory. 1885 The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor. 1898 The Navy Hospital Corps is established. 1900 Boxer Rebellion: Allied Japanese and Western forces capture Taku Forts, Tianjin, China. 1901 2000 1911 The University of Iceland is founded. 1928 Aviator Amelia Earhart starts her attempt to become the first woman to fly in an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean. She was a passenger; Wilmer Stutz was pilot and Lou Gordon, mechanic. 1929 A magnitude 7.8 earthquake hits Murdison, New Zealand, killing 17 people. It was New Zealand's deadliest natural disaster at the time. 1930 U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff into law. 1930 Bonus Army: Around a thousand World War I veterans mass at the United States Capitol as the U.S. Senate considers a bill that would give them certain benefits. 1933 Union Station Massacre: In Kansas City, Missouri, four FBI agents and captured fugitive Frank Nash were gunned down by gangsters attempting to free Nash. 1939 Convicted murderer Eugen Weidmann is executed in the last public guillotining in France. 1940 World War II: Operation Ariel begins – Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation. 1940 World War II: Sinking of the RMS Lancastria by the Luftwaffe near Saint-Nazaire, France. 1940 The three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fall under the occupation of the Soviet Union. 1944 Iceland becomes independent from Denmark and forms a republic. 1948 A Douglas DC-6 carrying United Air Lines Flight 624 crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, killing all 43 people on board. 1953 Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a division of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion. 1958 The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, while being built to connect Vancouver to North Vancouver in Western Canada, collapses into the Burrard Inlet, killing many of the ironworkers and injuring others. 1961 The New Democratic Party of Canada is founded with the merger of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the Canadian Labour Congress. 1963 The United States Supreme Court ruled 8 to 1 in Abington School District v. Schempp against allowing the reciting of Bible verses and the Lord's Prayer in public schools. 1967 The People's Republic of China announces its first test of a thermonuclear weapon. 1969 Boris Spassky defeats Tigran Petrosian to become world chess champion. 1971 Representatives of Japan and the United States sign the Okinawa Reversion Agreement, setting out a plan where the U.S. would return control of Okinawa. 1971 Richard Nixon declares the US War on Drugs. 1972 Watergate scandal: Five White House operatives are arrested for breaking in to the offices of the Democratic National Committee, in an attempt by the Republican party to illegally wiretap the opposition. 1974 The IRA carries an attack on the British Parliament in London. 1982 The body of "God's Banker", Roberto Calvi, is found hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London. 1985 Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off on Mission STS-51-G. On board is Saudi Arabian Prince Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, the first Arab in space. 1987 The Dusky Seaside Sparrow becomes extinct. 1991 Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act, which had required all racial classification of all South Africans at birth. 1992 A 'Joint Understanding' agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II). 1994 Following a televised highway chase and a failed attempt at suicide, O. J. Simpson is arrested for the murders of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ronald Goldman. From 2001 2012 Greece holds its second parliamentary election in the space of six weeks, with no party winning overall control. 2012 Egypt holds the second round of its first Presidential election since Hosni Mubarak left office following the 2011 Egyptian protests. 2013 Singapore is hit by the worst haze since 1997. The PSI levels reaches levels not seen since 2006, with a PSI of 155 recorded at 10pm, after air quality plummeted into the "Unhealthy" range at 2pm. 2015 Charleston church shooting: 9 people are killed in a shooting at a prayer meeting in Charleston, South Carolina. Local politician and pastor Clementa C. Pinckney is among those killed. 2017 The 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup starts, with hosts Russia defeating New Zealand 2-0. 2017 Massive wildfires break out in central Portugal, killing at least 60 people. 2018 2018 FIFA World Cup: Mexico defeat defending champions Germany in both teams' first group match of the competition. 2019 Former President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi reportedly dies after fainting while on trial in Cairo. 2020 The English Premier League returns after being halted in March because of COVID-19. Births Up to 1900 801 Drogo of Metz, son of Charlemagne (d. 855) 1239 King Edward I of England (d. 1307) 1530 François de Montmorency, French politician (d. 1579) 1603 Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (d. 1663) 1604 John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1679) 1625 Peder Hansen Resen, Danish historian and legal scholar (d. 1688) 1631 Gauhara Begum, daughter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (d. 1706) 1658 Diogo de Medonca Corte-Real, Portuguese diplomat and statesman (d. 1736) 1682 King Charles XII of Sweden (d. 1718) 1691 Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765) 1703 John Wesley, English theologian, founder of Methodism (d. 1791) 1714 César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer (d. 1784) 1808 Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian writer (d. 1845) 1810 Ferdinand Freiligrath, German writer (d. 1876) 1811 Jón Sigurðsson, Icelandic independence fighter (d. 1879) 1811 Adolphe d'Ennery, French writer (d. 1899) 1818 Charles Gounod, French composer (d. 1893) 1818 Sophie of Württemberg, Queen of the Netherlands (d. 1877) 1832 Sir William Crookes, physicist and chemist (d. 1919) 1835 Eugene Borel, Swiss politician (d. 1892) 1858 Ebenezer Sumner Draper, 44th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1914) 1861 Omar Bundy, American general (d. 1940) 1863 Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1934) 1867 Henry Lawson, Australian poet (d. 1922) 1867 John Robert Gregg, American educator, publisher and humanitarian (d. 1948) 1869 Aloys, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1955) 1880 Carl Van Vechten, American photographer (d. 1964) 1881 Tommy Burns, Canadian boxer (d. 1955) 1882 Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971) 1882 Adolphus Frederick IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918) 1884 Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland, Swedish royal (d. 1965) 1897 Maria Izilda de Castro Ribeiro, Brazilian saint (d. 1911) 1898 M. C. Escher, Dutch artist (d. 1972) 1898 Harry Patch, British World War I veteran and supercentenarian (d. 2009) 1898 Carl Hermann, German physicist (d. 1961) 1900 Martin Bormann, Nazi official (d. 1945) 1901 1950 1903 Ruth Graves Wakefield, American inventor of the chocolate-chip cookie (d. 1977) 1904 Ralph Bellamy, American actor and comedian (d. 1987) 1907 Charles Eames, American designer and architect (d. 1978) 1907 Maurice Cloche, French director and screenwriter (d. 1990) 1909 Elmer L. Andersen, Governor of Minnesota (d. 2004) 1910 Red Foley, American country musician (d. 1968) 1914 John Hersey, American writer (d. 1993) 1914 Julian Marias, Spanish philosopher (d. 2005) 1915 Karl Targownik, psychiatrist (d. 1996) 1915 David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player and actor (d. 1973) 1915 Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011) 1916 Terry Gilkyson, American singer, songwriter, guitarist and composer (d. 1999) 1917 Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician 1917 Dufferin Roblin, Premier of Manitoba (d. 2010) 1919 Beryl Reid, English actress (d. 1996) 1920 François Jacob, French biologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2013) 1920 Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (d. 2015) 1922 John Amis, British journalist and critic (d. 2013) 1923 Elroy 'Crazylegs' Hirsch, American football player (d. 2004) 1923 Anthony Bevilacqua, American cardinal (d. 2012) 1923 Larry Kwong, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2019) 1924 William MacDonald, English-Australian serial killer (d. 2014) 1925 Alexander Shulgin, American pharmacologist and chemist (d. 2014) 1928 Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (d. 2011) 1928 Peter Shirayanagi, Japanese cardinal (d. 2009) 1929 Tigran Petrosian, Armenian chess player (d. 1984) 1929 James Shigeta, American actor (d. 2014) 1930 Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco (d. 2011) 1930 Brian Statham, English cricketer (d. 2000) 1931 John Baldessari, American painter (d. 2020) 1932 Derek Ibbotson, English runner 1932 Peter Lupus, American actor 1932 John Murtha, American politician (d. 2010) 1933 Harry Browne, American actor 1933 Christian Ferras, French violinist (d. 1982) 1936 Ken Loach, British movie director 1937 Clodovil Hernandes, Brazilian entertainer (d. 2009) 1937 Ted Nelson, American sociologist and philosopher 1938 Grethe Ingmann, Danish singer (d. 1990) 1939 Krzysztof Zanussi, Polish film and theatre director 1940 George Akerlof, American economist 1942 Roger Steffens, American actor, author, photographer and producer 1942 Mohamed ElBaradei, Egyptian International Atomic Energy Agency Director 1943 Newt Gingrich, American politician 1943 Barry Manilow, American musician 1944 Chris Spedding, British guitarist 1945 Ken Livingstone, British politician, former Mayor of London 1945 Eddy Merckx, Belgian cyclist 1945 Frank Ashmore, American actor 1946 Eduardo Camaño, Argentine politician 1946 Peter Rosei, Austrian writer 1947 Linda Chavez, American writer 1947 George S. Clinton, American composer, songwriter and musician 1948 Hrafn Gunnlaugsson, Icelandic movie director 1948 Joaquín Almunia, Spanish politician 1949 Tom Corbett, American politician, 46th Governor of Pennsylvania 1949 Snakefinger, British musician, singer and songwriter (d. 1987) 1949 John Craven, English economist and academic 1951 1975 1951 John Garrett, Canadian ice hockey player 1951 Paul McGuinness, manager of U2 1951 Starhawk, American author and activist 1952 Estelle Morris, Baroness Morris of Yardley, English politician 1952 Judith Macgregor, English diplomat 1952 Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian businessman (d. 2018) 1952 Mike Milbury, American ice hockey player, coach and manager 1954 Mark Linn-Baker, American actor and director 1957 Phil Chevron, Irish musician, singer and songwriter (d. 2013) 1957 Jon Gries, American actor 1958 Jello Biafra, American musician, politician 1959 Nikos Stavropoulos, Greek basketball player 1959 Baltazar Maria de Morais Junior, Brazilian footballer 1960 Thomas Haden Church, American actor 1963 Christophe Barratier, French film producer, director and screenwriter 1963 Greg Kinnear, American actor 1964 Michael Gross, swimmer 1966 Jason Patric, American actor 1966 Tory Burch, American fashion designer, businesswoman and philanthropist 1967 Eric Stefani, American musician (No Doubt) 1968 Minoru Suzuki, Japanese professional wrestler and mixed martial arts artist 1969 Paul Tergat, Kenyan runner 1969 Ilya Tsymbalar, Russian footballer (d. 2013) 1970 Michael Showalter, American actor, writer and director 1971 Paulina Rubio, Mexican singer 1972 Sebastian White, English musician (Oasis) 1973 Leander Paes, Indian tennis player 1975 Chloe Jones, American pornographic actress (d. 2005) 1975 Joshua Leonard, American actor 1975 Néstor Pitana, Argentine football referee From 1976 1976 Scott Adkins, English actor and martial artist 1976 Peter Svidler, Russian chess player 1978 Isabelle Delobel, French ice dancer 1979 Nick Rimando, footballer 1979 Young Maylay, American rapper 1980 Venus Williams, American tennis player 1980 Kimeru, Japanese singer and actor 1981 Shane Watson, Australian cricketer 1982 Arthur Darvill, English actor 1982 Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa, Brazilian footballer 1983 Connie Fisher, British stage actress 1983 Lee Ryan, British singer (Blue) 1983 Kazunari Ninomiya, Japanese actor 1985 Marcos Baghdatis, Cypriot tennis player 1985 Rafael Sobis, Brazilian footballer 1986 Apoula Edel, American footballer 1986 Helen Glover, British rower 1987 Nozomi Tsuji, Japanese singer 1987 Kendrick Lamar, American rapper 1987 L'ubos Kamenar, Slovakian footballer 1988 Andrew Ogilvy, Australian basketball player 1988 Stephanie Rice, Australian swimmer 1989 Simone Battle, American actress and singer (d. 2014) 1990 Alan Dzagoev, Russian footballer 1990 Joel Robles, Spanish footballer 1990 Jordan Henderson, English footballer 1990 Laura Wright, English singer 1993 Jean Marie Froget, Mauritian swimmer 1995 Arkadiusz Reca, Polish footballer Deaths Up to 1900 676 Pope Adeodatus II 850 Tachibana no Kachiko, Japanese Empress (b. 786) 924 Edward the Elder, Saxon King of England (b. 874) 1025 Boleslaw I the Brave, King of Poland (b. 967) 1091 Dirk V, Count of Holland (b. 1052) 1463 Princess Catherine of Portugal (b. 1436) 1501 John I Albert, King of Poland (b. 1459) 1565 Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Ashikaga shogun (b. 1536) 1631 Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan, inspiration for the Taj Mahal (b. 1593) 1694 Philip Howard, English cardinal (b. 1629) 1696 John III Sobieski, King of Poland (b. 1629) 1719 Joseph Addison, English politician and writer (b. 1672) 1734 Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars, Marshal of France (b. 1653) 1740 William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet, British politician (b. 1687) 1775 John Pitcairn, British military officer (b. 1722) 1775 Joseph Warren, American soldier (b. 1741) 1797 Agha Muhammad Khan, Persian Shah of Qajar dynasty (b. 1742) 1813 Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, Scottish-English admiral and politician (b. 1726) 1839 Lord William Bentinck, British Governor-General of India (b. 1774) 1842 Arthur Conolly, British traveler, military and diplomat (b. 1807) 1858 Rani Lakshmibai, Indian political figure (b. 1828) 1866 Lewis Cass, American politician (b. 1782) 1898 Edward Burne-Jones, English artist (b. 1833) 1901 2000 1904 Nikolai Bobrikov, Russian politician (b. 1839) 1917 José Manuel Pando, Bolivian politician (b. 1848) 1936 Henri Louis Le Chatelier, French chemist and physicist (b. 1850) 1936 Julius Seljamaa, Estonian politician, diplomat and journalist (b. 1883) 1939 Eugen Weidmann, last public guillotine execution in France (b. 1908) 1940 Arthur Harden, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) 1941 Johan Wagenaar, Dutch composer and organist (b. 1862) 1956 Paul Rostock, German doctor (b. 1892) 1957 Dorothy Richardson, English feminist writer (b. 1873) 1960 Pierre Reverdy, French writer (b. 1889) 1961 Jeff Chandler, actor (b. 1918) 1963 Aleksander Kesküla, Estonian politician (b. 1882) 1968 José Nasazzi, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1901) 1968 A. M. Cassandre, Ukrainian-French artist (b. 1901) 1979 Duffy Lewis, Major League Baseball player (b. 1888) 1982 Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (b. 1920) 1986 Kate Smith, American singer (b. 1907) 1987 Dick Howser, American baseball player and manager (b. 1936) 1996 Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher of science (b. 1922) 1998 John Carberry, American cardinal (b. 1904) 1999 Basil Hume, English Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1931) 2000 Ismail Mahomed, 17th Chief Justice of South Africa (b. 1931) From 2001 2001 Donald J. Cram, American chemist (b. 1919) 2001 Thomas Joseph Winning, Archbishop of Glasgow (b. 1925) 2002 Willie Davenport, athlete (b. 1943) 2002 Fritz Walter, German footballer (b. 1920) 2004 Gerry McNeil, hockey player (b. 1926) 2004 Sara Lidman, Swedish writer (b. 1923) 2006 Arthur Franz, American actor (b. 1920) 2007 Angelo Felici, Italian cardinal (b. 1919) 2008 Tsutomu Miyazaki, Japanese serial killer (b. 1962) 2008 Cyd Charisse, American dancer and actress (b. 1921) 2009 Ralf Dahrendorf, German-born sociologist and politician (b. 1929) 2012 Rodney King, American victim of police brutality (b. 1965) 2013 James Holshouser, 68th Governor of North Carolina (b. 1934) 2014 Jorge Romo, Mexican footballer (b. 1924) 2014 Larry Zeidel, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928) 2014 Patsy Byrne, English actress (b. 1933) 2015 Ron Clarke, Australian athlete and former Mayor of Gold Coast, Queensland (b. 1937) 2015 Süleyman Demirel, 9th President of Turkey (b. 1924) 2015 Jeralean Talley, American supercentenarian (b. 1899) 2015 Roberto M. Levingston, Argentine general and politician (b. 1920) 2015 Clementa C. Pinckney, American politician and pastor (b. 1973) 2015 Nelson Doubleday, Jr., American publisher (b. 1933) 2015 John David Crow, American football player (b. 1935) 2015 Nicola Badalucco, Italian screenwriter and journalist (b. 1929) 2015 Chang Ch'ung-ho, Chinese-American poet, calligrapher and opera singer (b. 1914) 2016 Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor (b. 1934) 2016 Attrell Cordes, American singer (P.M. Dawn) (b. 1970) 2016 Ron Lester, American actor (b. 1970) 2016 David Morgenthaler, American businessman (b. 1919) 2017 Baldwin Lonsdale, President of Vanuatu (b. 1950) 2017 Luis Lusquiños, Argentine politician (b. 1951) 2017 Venus Ramey, American beauty pageant contestant (b. 1924) 2017 Leopoldo S. Tumulak, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1944) 2017 Elias Burstein, American physicist (b. 1917) 2017 Pierre Imhasly, Swiss author and poet (b. 1939) 2017 Emil Wojtaszek, Polish politician (b. 1927) 2018 Elizabeth Brackett, American journalist (b. 1941) 2018 Zhao Nanqi, Korean-born Chinese general and politician (b. 1927) 2018 Igor Muradyan, Armenian political activist (b. 1957) 2019 Philipp Bobkov, Russian intelligence officer (b. 1925) 2019 Darwin Hindman, American politician (b. 1933) 2019 Mohamed Morsi, 5th President of Egypt (b. 1951) 2019 Salvatore Senese, Italian magistrate and politician (b. 1935) 2019 Gloria Vanderbilt, American socialite, fashion designer and artist (b. 1924) 2020 Marlene Ahrens, Chilean athlete (b. 1933) 2020 Tariq Aziz, Pakistani actor and television host (b. 1936) 2020 William C. Dement, American sleep researcher (b. 1928) 2020 Terry Dicks, British politician (b. 1937) 2020 György Kárpáti, Hungarian water polo player (b. 1935) 2020 Petr Král, Czech writer (b. 1941) 2020 Jean Kennedy Smith, American diplomat (b. 1928) 2020 Willie Thorne, British snooker player (b. 1954) 2020 Vatanyar Yagyua, Russian politician (b. 1938) Observances Independence Day (Iceland) Day of German Unity, observed on June 17 in West Germany until 1990, to commemorate East Germany's Workers' Uprising in 1953 Soviet occupation Day (Latvia) Father's Day (El Salvador, Guatemala) Bunker Hill Day (Sussex County, Massachusetts) World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought Days of the year

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June 18

Events Up to 1900 618 Tang Dynasty rule begins in China, with the accession of Emperor Gaozu of Tang (Li Yuan). 1053 Battle of Civitate: 3,000 horsemen of Norman Count Humphrey of Hauteville heavily defeat the troops of Pope Leo IX. 1264 The Parliament of Ireland meets at Castledermot in County Kildare, as the first known meeting of an Irish legislature. 1429 French forces under the leadership of Joan of Arc defeat the English army under John Fastolf at the Battle of Patay, helping to turn the tide in the Hundred Years' War. 1633 Charles I is crowned King of Scots at Saint Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh. 1757 Battle of Polin: Between the Prussians under Frederick the Great and the Austrians in the Seven Years' War. 1767 English captain Samuel Wallis sights Tahiti, possibly being the first European to sight the island in present-day French Polynesia. 1778 American Revolutionary War: British troops abandon Philadelphia. 1812 The United States declares war on the United Kingdom, starting the War of 1812. 1815 Battle of Waterloo: British, Russian and Prussian forces defeat a French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte. 1830 The French colonisation of Algeria begins. 1858 Charles Darwin receives a paper from Alfred Russel Wallace with almost-identical conclusions about Evolution. 1859 First successful climb of the Aletschhorn mountain in the Swiss Alps. 1873 Susan B. Anthony is fined for her attempt to vote in the 1872 US Presidential Election. 1897 Kyoto University is founded. 1900 Empress Dowager Longyu of China orders that all foreigners be killed. 1901 2000 1908 Japanese immigration to Brazil begins. 1908 The University of the Philippines is founded. 1928 As a passenger, Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, from Newfoundland to Wales. Her pilot was Wilmer Shutz and Lou Gordon was her mechanic. 1928 Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen goes missing on a rescue mission in the Arctic Ocean. His plane is most likely to have crashed near Svalbard. 1932 FIBA, the world's governing authority on basketball, is founded in Geneva, Switzerland. 1940 Charles de Gaulle makes the appeal of June 18th, calling on the French to resist the Nazis. 1940 Winston Churchill makes his famous "Finest Hour" speech, to raise the spirits of the British people during World War II. 1945 William Joyce is charged with treason for his pro-German propaganda during World War II. 1946 Italy is formally proclaimed a Republic after a referendum on June 2 when a majority of voters chose not to have the monarchy. 1953 Egypt becomes a Republic. 1953 A US Air Force C-124 plane crashes and burns in Tokyo, Japan, killing 129 people. 1954 Pierre Mendès-France becomes Prime Minister of France. 1965 The US uses B-52 bombers to attack National Liberation Front guerrillas in South Vietnam. 1972 The Staines Air Disaster occurs near London Heathrow Airport. 1979 US President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II arms reduction treaty in Vienna. 1981 The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the first operational aircraft initially designed around stealth technology, makes its first flight. 1981 The Treaty of Basseterre is signed, creating the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. 1982 After defeat in the Falklands War, Argentine military leader Leopoldo Gualtieri resigns from office. 1983 Sally Ride became the first American woman in space. 1983 Iranian teenager Mona Mahmudnizhad and 9 other women are executed for their membership of the Baha'i faith. 1994 The Troubles: Members of the Ulster Volunteer Force attack a crowded bar in Loughinisland, Northern Ireland with assault rifles, killing 6 people. 1996 Ted Kaczynski, the suspected Unabomber, is indicted on ten criminal counts. 2000 Ethiopia and Eritrea sign an agreement to end their border war. From 2001 2006 Kazakhstan launches its first space satellite, KazSat. 2007 The Charleston Sofa Super Store fire in Charleston, South Carolina kills 9 firefighters. 2009 The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, a NASA robotic spacecraft, is launched. 2010 The US' first execution by firing squad in 14 years occurs in the state of Utah. 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup: The Spain national football team, defending champion, is knocked out at the group stage by the Chile national football team. Four years earlier, then-defending champion, the Italy national football team, also got knocked out at this stage. Births Up to 1900 1269 Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar (d. 1298) 1318 Princess Eleanor of Woodstock (d. 1355) 1466 Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (d. 1539) 1511 Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect and sculptor (d. 1892) 1517 Emperor Ogimachi of Japan (d. 1593) 1667 Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshal (d. 1750) 1673 Antonio de Libres, Spanish composer (d. 1747) 1677 Antonio Maria Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1726) 1757 Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine political leader (d. 1833) 1757 Ignaz Pleyel, Austrian-French composer and piano manufacturer (d. 1831) 1769 Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1822 1799 William Lassell, English astronomer (d. 1880) 1799 Prosper Menière, French physician (d. 1862) 1812 Ivan Goncharov, Russian writer (d. 1891) 1816 Hélène Napoleone Bonaparte, daughter of Napoleon (d. 1907) 1816 Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepali ruler (d. 1877) 1839 William H. Seward Jr., Union Brigadier General in the American Civil War (d. 1920) 1845 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French doctor, won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1922) 1845 Gustav Storm, Norwegian historian, writer and professor (d. 1903) 1850 Richard Heuberger, Austrian composer and critic (d. 1914) 1857 Henry Clay Folger, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1930) 1868 Miklós Horthy, Hungarian regent (d. 1957) 1870 Edouard Le Roy, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1954) 1874 George Tupou II, King of Tonga (d. 1918) 1877 James Montgomery Flagg, American painter and illustrator (d. 1960) 1882 Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian Communist leader (d. 1949) 1883 Mary Alden, American actress (d. 1946) 1884 Edouard Daladier, French politician (d. 1970) 1886 George Mallory, English mountaineer (d. 1924) 1886 Alexander Wetmore, American ornithologist and paleontologist (d. 1978) 1891 Mae Busch, Australian-American actress (d. 1946) 1896 Blanche Sweet, American actress (d. 1986) 1897 Martti Marttelin, Finnish long-distance runner (d. 1940) 1901 1950 1901 Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) 1902 Boris Barnet, Soviet movie director, actor and boxer (d. 1965) 1903 Jeanette McDonald, American actress and singer (d. 1965) 1903 Raymond Radiguet, French novelist and poet (d. 1923) 1904 Manuel Rosenthal, French conductor and composer (d. 2003) 1907 Frithjof Schuon, Swiss-American metaphysicist, philosopher and author (d. 1998) 1910 Ray McKinley, American musician (d. 1995) 1912 Glenn Morris, American decathlete and actor (d. 1974) 1913 Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008) 1915 Red Adair, American firefighter (d. 2004) 1916 Julio César Turbay Ayala, 25th President of Colombia (d. 2005) 1917 Erik Ortvad, Danish painter (d. 2008) 1917 Richard Boone, American actor (d. 1981) 1918 Jerome Karle, American chemist (d. 2013) 1918 Franco Modigliani, Italian economist (d. 2003) 1920 Lode van den Bergh, Belgian writer 1922 Claude Helffer, French pianist (d. 2004) 1922 Donald Keene, Japanese and American scholor and expert of Japan studies (d. 2019) 1923 Veronica Carstens, First Lady of Germany (d. 2012) 1923 Szymon Szurmiej, Polish actor and director (d. 2014) 1924 George Mikan, American basketball player (d. 2005) 1925 Robert Arthur, American actor (d. 2008) 1927 Eva Bartok, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1998) 1929 Jürgen Habermas, German sociologist and philosopher 1929 Ann Mara, American businesswoman (d. 2015) 1929 Tibor Rubin, Hungarian-American soldier (d. 2015) 1931 Fernando Henrique Cardoso, 34th President of Brazil, 1995-2003 1932 Dudley R. Herschbach, American chemist 1932 Geoffrey Hill, English poet (d. 2016) 1936 Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (d. 1992) 1936 Barack Obama, Sr. (d. 1982), Kenyan father of Barack Obama 1936 Norodom Monineath, Cambodian Queen Mother 1936 Ronald Venetiaan, former President of Suriname 1937 Vitaly Zholobov, Soviet cosmonaut 1937 Jay Rockefeller, American politician 1939 Jack Herer, American writer and activist (d. 2010) 1940 Mirjam Pressler, German writer (d. 2019) 1941 Delia Smith, British cookery writer 1941 Roger Lemerre, French footballer and manager 1942 Thabo Mbeki, former President of South Africa 1942 Roger Ebert, American movie critic (d. 2013) 1942 Sir Paul McCartney, English singer-songwriter and musician (The Beatles) 1942 Hans Vonk, Dutch conductor (d. 2004) 1942 Carl Radle, American bass player and producer 1943 Raffaella Carra, Italian singer, dancer and actress 1944 Salvador Sánchez Cerén, President of El Salvador 1946 Maria Bethania, Brazilian singer 1946 Fabio Capello, Italian football manager 1947 Bernard Giraudeau, French actor, director and writer (d. 2010) 1949 Jaroslaw Kaczynski, former Prime Minister of Poland 1949 Lech Kaczynski, President of Poland (d. 2010) 1949 Lincoln Thompson, Jamaican singer, songwriter and musician (d. 1999) 1950 Annelie Ehrhardt, German athlete 1950 Rod de'Ath, Welsh drummer (d. 2014) 1950 Mike Johanns, 38th Governor of Nebraska 1951 1975 1951 Jerry McNerney, American politician 1951 Gyula Sax, Hungarian chess player (d. 2014) 1952 John Carl Buechler, American visual effects artist and film director (d. 2019) 1952 Isabella Rossellini, Italian actress 1952 Marcella Bella, Italian singer 1952 Denis Herron, Canadian ice hockey player 1952 Lee Soo-man, South Korean businessman 1953 Sandy Allen, American, world's tallest woman (d. 2008) 1953 Vladislav Terzyul, Ukrainian mountaineer (d. 2004) 1954 Tinna Gunnlaugsdottir, Icelandic actress 1955 Misia, Portuguese singer 1957 Andrea Evans, American actress 1957 Miguel Angel Lotina, Spanish footballer 1957 Irene Epple, German skier 1958 Peter Altmaier, German politician 1961 Alison Moyet, British singer 1962 Mitsuharu Misawa, Japanese wrestler (d. 2009) 1964 Uday Hussein, son of Saddam Hussein (d. 2003) 1965 Robin Christopher, American actress 1970 Ivan Kozak, Slovakian footballer 1970 Katie Derham, English broadcaster 1971 Nigel Owens, Welsh rugby referee 1971 Jason McAteer, English-Irish footballer and manager 1971 Gaute Kivistik, Estonian journalist and author 1972 Anu Tali, Estonian pianist and conductor 1973 Julie Depardieu, French actress 1973 Ray LaMontagne, American singer-songwriter and musician 1973 Alexandros Papadimitriou, Greek hammer thrower 1974 Vincenzo Montella, Italian footballer 1974 Sergey Sharikov, Russian fencer 1975 Jem, Welsh singer-songwriter and producer 1975 Jamel Debbouze, French-Moroccan actor and producer From 1976 1976 Alana de la Garza, American actress 1976 Blake Shelton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1978 Wang Liqin, Chinese table tennis player 1978 Lilia Kopylova, Russian-English professional dancer 1979 Yumiko Kobayashi, Japanese voice actress 1980 Kevin Bishop, English actor and comedian 1981 Marco Streller, Swiss footballer 1982 Nadir Belhadj, Algerian footballer 1982 Marco Borriello, Italian footballer 1984 Janne Happonen, Finnish ski jumper 1986 Richard Gasquet, French tennis player 1986 Richard Madden, Scottish actor 1987 Omar Arellano, Mexican footballer 1987 Melanie Iglesias, American model and actress 1987 Marcelo Martins Moreno, Bolivian footballer 1988 Elini Dimoutsos, Greek footballer 1988 Islam Slimani, Algerian footballer 1988 Josh Dun, American musician (Twenty One Pilots) 1989 Renee Olstead, American actress and singer 1989 Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, Gabonese footballer 1990 Luke Adam, Canadian ice hockey player 1990 Sandra Izbasa, Romanian gymnast 1991 Rei Okamoto, Japanese model and actress 1997 Max Records, American actor 2006 Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau, Jonkrouwe van Amsberg, Dutch royal Deaths Up to 1950 741 Leo III the Issaurian, Byzantine Emperor (b. 685) 1234 Emperor Chukyo of Japan (b. 1218) 1291 King Alfonso III of Aragon (b. 1265) 1464 Rogier van der Weyden, Flemish painter (b. 1400) 1629 Piet Hein, Dutch naval commander (b. 1577) 1650 Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer (b. 1575) 1673 Jeanne Mance, French settler in New France, present-day Quebec (b. 1606) 1680 Samuel Butler, English poet (b. 1612) 1726 Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (b. 1657) 1742 John Aislabie, English politician (b. 1670) 1749 Ambrose Philips, English poet (b. 1674) 1772 Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1706) 1794 François Nicolas Léonard Buzet, French revolutionary figure (b. 1760) 1815 Thomas Picton, British general (b. 1758) 1886 Prince Sigismund of Prussia (b. 1864) 1902 Samuel Butler, English writer (b. 1835) 1905 Carmine Crocco, Italian soldier (b. 1830) 1915 Eufemio Zapata, brother of Emiliano Zapata (b. 1873) 1916 Max Immelmann, German flying ace (b. 1890) 1917 Tito Maiorescu, Romanian Prime Minister (b. 1840) 1922 Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (b. 1851) 1928 Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer (b. 1872) 1929 Carlo Airoldi, Italian marathon runner (b. 1869) 1936 Maxim Gorky, Russian writer (b. 1868) 1937 Gaston Doumergue, French politician (b. 1863) 1942 Arthur Pryor, American trombonist and bandleader (b. 1870) 1945 Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (b. 1886) 1947 Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese admiral (b. 1898) 1951 2010 1959 Ethel Barrymore, American actress (b. 1879) 1963 Pedro Armendariz, Mexican actor (b. 1912) 1967 Beat Fehr, Swiss racing driver (b. 1942) 1967 Geki, Italian racing driver (b. 1942) 1971 Paul Karrer, Swiss chemist (b. 1889) 1974 Georgy Zhukov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1896) 1978 Walter C. Alvarez, American physician (b. 1884) 1980 André Leducq, French cyclist (b. 1904) 1982 Djuna Barnes, American writer (b. 1892) 1983 Mona Mahmudnizhad, Iranian Baha'i 1986 Frances Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (b. 1921) 1989 I. F. Stone, American journalist (b. 1907) 1992 Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (b. 1896) 1997 Lev Kopelev, Russian writer and dissident (b. 1912) 2006 Vincent Sherman, American actor and director (b. 1906) 2007 Bernard Manning, English comedian (b. 1930) 2007 Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (b. 1938) 2008 Jean Delannoy, French movie director and producer (b. 1908) 2010 José Saramago, Portuguese writer (b. 1922) 2010 Marcel Bigeard, French military officer (b. 1916) From 2011 2011 Frederick Chiluba, 2nd President of Zambia (b. 1943) 2011 Yelena Bonner, Russian human rights activist (b. 1923) 2011 Ulrich Biesinger, German footballer (b. 1934) 2011 Clarence Clemons, American musician and actor (b. 1942) 2012 Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrin, 109th Prime Minister of Peru (b. 1919) 2013 Michael Hastings, American journalist (b. 1980) 2014 Claire Martin, Canadian author (b. 1914) 2014 Vladimir Popovkin, Russian general, Director of the Russian Federal Space Agency (b. 1957) 2014 Horace Silver, American jazz musician and composer (b. 1928) 2014 Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist, invented Kevlar (b. 1923) 2014 Johnny Mann, American musician, composer, conductor and entertainer (b. 1928) 2015 Ralph J. Roberts, American businessman (b. 1920) 2015 Jack Rollins, American movie producer (b. 1915) 2015 Allen Weinstein, American historian (b. 1937) 2015 Patrick Eisdell Moore, New Zealand surgeon (b. 1928) 2016 Vittorio Merloni, Italian entrepreneur (b. 1933) 2016 Paul Cox, Dutch-Australian film director (b. 1940) 2016 Sverre Kjelsberg, Norwegian musician (b. 1946) 2016 William J. Livsey, American army general (b. 1931) 2016 Wu Jianmin, Chinese diplomat (b. 1939) 2017 Pierluigi Chicca, Italian fencer (b. 1937) 2017 Tim Hague, Canadian mixed martial artist (b. 1983) 2017 Tony Liscio, American football player (b. 1940) 2017 Shih Chun-jen, Taiwanese neurosurgeon (b. 1923) 2017 Hans Breder, German-American artist (b. 1935) 2017 Keith Farnham, American politician (b. 1947) 2018 Walter Bahr, American soccer player (b. 1927) 2018 Kostas Politis, Greek basketball player (b. 1942) 2018 XXXTentacion, American rapper (b. 1998) 2018 Big Van Vader, American professional wrestler (b. 1955) 2018 Bertha Sanseverino, Uruguayan politician (b. 1946) 2018 Nathan Shaham, Israeli writer (b. 1925) 2019 Stephen Blaire, American bishop (b. 1941) 2020 Tibor Benedek, Hungarian water polo player (b. 1972) 2020 John Bredenkamp, Zimbabwean rugby union player and businessman (b. 1940) 2020 Dame Vera Lynn, British singer and actress (b. 1917) Observances Autistic Pride Day Evacuation Day (Egypt) International Sushi Day National Day (Seychelles) Days of the year

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June 19

Events Up to 1950 936 Louis IV of France is crowned as the West Frankish King in the city of Laon. 1179 Battle of Kalskinnet in takes place outside Nidaros (present-day Trondheim). Earl Erling Skakke is killed, as the battle changes the progress of the civil wars. 1269 Louis IX of France orders that all Jews in public in France without their yellow badge should be fined 10 livres of silver. 1306 The Earl of Pembroke's army defeats Robert the Bruce's Scottish army at the Battle of Methven. 1586 English colonists leave Roanoke Island, after failing to establish England's first permanent settlement in North America. 1770 Emmanuel Swedenborg reports the completion of the Second Coming of Christ is his work True Christian Religion. 1815 A day after the Battle of Waterloo, the Battle of Wavre is fought, as the last battle of the Napoleonic Wars. 1816 Battle of Seven Oaks between the Northwest Company and the Hudson's Bay Company near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 1821 The Coronation of King George IV of the United Kingdom takes place in London. The expensive (costs a lot of money) coronation banquet is the last-to-date at the crowning of a British monarch. 1846 The first officially recorded, organized baseball game is played under Alexander Cartwright's rules in Hoboken, New Jersey. 1850 Princess Louise of the Netherlands marries the future King Charles XIII of Sweden. 1862 US Congress prohibits Slavery in US territories. 1865 Slaves in Galveston, Texas, are informed of their freedom, over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Texas and thirteen other US states celebrate this as "Juneteenth". 1867 Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico is executed by a firing squad. 1875 The Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire begins. 1910 The first Father's Day is observed in Spokane, Washington. In some Western countries, including the US and UK, it is still observed on the third Sunday in June. 1911 Norwegian football club Molde FK is founded. 1913 The Natives' Land Act in South Africa is introduced. 1936 Max Schmeling defeats Joe Louis to win the World Heavyweight Boxing title. 1938 In France, the Italy national football team wins the FIFA World Cup for a second time, defeating the Hungary national football team 4-2. 1944 World War II: First day of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. 1951 2010 1953 After being convicted of espionage, Ethel Rosenberg and Julius Rosenberg are executed in New York City. 1961 Kuwait declares independence from the UK. 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is approved in the US. 1965 In Algeria, President Ahmed Ben Bella is removed in a military coup, and replaced by Houari Boumedienne. 1970 The Patent Convention Treaty is signed. 1976 King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden marries Silvia Sommerlath. 1978 Jim Davis' comic strip about a lazy and overeating cat named Garfield is published for the first time. 1982 The body of "God's banker" Roberto Calvi is found hanging at the Blackfriars Bridge in London. 1987 Basque separatist group ETA commits one of its worst terrorist attacks, on a supermarket in Barcelona. 1990 The current international law defending indigenous peoples, the Indigenous Peoples Convention, 1989, is ratified for the first time by Norway. 1991 In the Croatian War of Independence, the Battle of Dubrovnik starts. 1991 Soviet occupation of Hungary ends. 1992 In Heavyweight Boxing, Evander Holyfield becomes world champion, defeating Larry Holmes. 1999 The computer game Counter-strike is released. 1999 In Seoul, South Korea, it is announced that Turin, Italy, is to host the 2006 Winter Olympics. 2002 Steve Fossett starts his round-the-world journey in a hot-air balloon. 2006 Prime Ministers of several Northern European countries participate in a ceremonial "laying of the first stone" at the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway. 2007 The Al-Khilani Mosque bombing in Baghdad kills 78 people. 2009 Mass riots involving thousands of civilians and police officers break out in Shishou, China, after the unexplained death of a local chief. 2010 Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden marries Daniel Westling. From 2011 2012 WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange asks for asylum in Ecuador at the country's embassy in London. 2013 At 10pm, Singapore's 3-hour PSI reading set an all-time high record of 321 in the Hazardous range, surpassing the previous record of 226 during the 1997 haze. This is the first time that Singapore's PSI has entered the Hazardous range. 2014 King Felipe VI of Spain ascends to the throne after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos I of Spain. 2016 Virginia Raggi, of the Five Star Movement, is elected as the first female Mayor of Rome. 2017 2017 Finsbury Park attack: A van is driven into a crowd of Muslim worshippers in London's Finsbury Park area, causing several injuries; the attacker is arrested by police. 2018 The United States pulls out of the United Nations Human Rights council. 2018 Canada decides to legalise the recreational use of cannabis. 2019 Four men are named as suspects in the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 over Eastern Ukraine in 2014, in which 298 people were killed. Births Up to 1900 1301 Prince Morikuni, Japanese Shogun (d. 1333) 1566 King James VI of Scotland (James I of England) (d. 1625) 1595 Guru Hargobind, Indian religious figure (d. 1644) 1606 James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (d. 1649) 1623 Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1662) 1701 François Rebel, French composer (d. 1775) 1717 Johann Stamitz, Czech composer and violinist (d. 1757) 1731 Joaquim Machado de Castro, Portuguese sculptor (d. 1822) 1764 José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan national hero (d. 1850) 1771 Joseph Gergonne, French mathematician (d. 1859) 1790 John Gibson, Welsh sculptor (d. 1866) 1792 Gustav Schwab, German writer (d. 1850) 1795 James Braid, Scottish surgeon (d. 1860) 1815 Cornelius Krieghoff, Canadian painter (d. 1872) 1816 William H. Webb, American shipbuilder and philanthropist (d. 1899) 1842 Carl Zeller, Austrian jurist, politician and composer (d. 1898) 1846 Antonio Abetti, Italian astronomer (d. 1928) 1850 David Jayne Hill, American diplomat and historian (d. 1932) 1854 Alfredo Catalani, Italian composer (d. 1893) 1861 Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, British field marshal and soldier (d. 1928) 1861 Jose Rizal, Filipino national hero (d. 1896) 1865 May Whitty, English actress (d. 1948) 1871 Alajor Szokolyi, Hungarian hurdler, jumper and physician (d. 1932) 1874 Peder Oluf Pedersen, Danish engineer and physicist (d. 1941) 1877 Charles Coburn, American actor (d. 1961) 1878 Yakov Yurovsky, Russian Bolshevik, chief executioner of the Tsarist family (d. 1938) 1880 Jóhann Sigurjónsson, Icelandic playwright and poet (d. 1919) 1884 Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, French artist and writer (d. 1974) 1891 John Heartfield, German painter and photomontage artist (d. 1968) 1893 Madeleine Astor, American survivor of the RMS Titanic sinking (d. 1940) 1896 Wallis Simpson, American, Duchess of Windsor through marriage to the abdicated Edward VIII (d. 1986) 1897 Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist (d. 1967) 1897 Moe Howard, American comedian (d. 1975) 1900 Laura Z. Hobson, American novelist (d. 1986) 1901 1950 1901 Piero Gobetti, Italian journalist, intellectual and activist (d. 1926) 1902 Guy Lombardo, Canadian musician (d. 1979) 1903 Hans Litten, German jurist (d. 1938) 1903 Lou Gehrig, American baseball player (d. 1941) 1903 Wally Hammond, English cricketer (d. 1965) 1905 Mildred Natwick, American actress (d. 1994) 1906 Ernst Boris Chain, German biochemist, won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1979) 1907 Clarence Wiseman, 10th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1985) 1909 Osamu Dazai, Japanese author (d. 1948) 1909 Midori Naka, Japanese actress (d. 1945) 1910 Paul Flory, American chemist (d. 1985) 1910 Sydney Allard, English racing driver (d. 1966) 1914 Alan Cranston, American politician (d. 2000) 1914 Lester Flatt, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 1979) 1915 Julius Schwartz, American publisher, writer and editor (d. 2004) 1917 Joshua Nkomo, Zimbabwean politician (d. 1999) 1919 Pauline Kael, American writer and critic (d. 2001) 1920 Yves Robert, French actor, screenwriter and director (d. 2002) 1921 Doris Sands Johnson, Bahamian teacher, suffragette and politician (d. 1983) 1921 Louis Jourdan, French actor (d. 2015) 1922 Aage Niels Bohr, Danish physicist (d. 2009) 1923 Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti, President of Paraguay (d. 1997) 1926 Anneliese Rothenberger, German soprano (d. 2010) 1928 Tommy DeVito, American singer and guitarist 1930 Gena Rowlands, American actress 1931 Sudarshan Agarwal, Indian politician (d. 2019) 1932 Pier Angeli, Italian actress (d. 1971) 1932 Marisa Pavan, Italian actress 1933 Viktor Patsayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1971) 1934 Gérard Latortue, Haitian politician 1934 Terence Clark, English diplomat 1936 Zacharias Heinesen, Faroese painter 1937 André Glucksmann, French philosopher (d. 2015) 1938 Jean-Claude Labrecque, Canadian director and cinematographer 1938 Karl Moik, Austrian entertainer (d. 2015) 1939 Al Wilson, American singer (d. 2008) 1940 Paul Shane, English actor (d. 2013) 1941 Vaclav Klaus, former President of the Czech Republic 1944 Chico Buarque, Brazilian singer-songwriter and poet 1945 Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician and pro-Democracy campaigner, Nobel Peace Prize winner 1945 Radovan Karadzic, Bosnian-Serb politician, on trial for war crimes 1946 Michael Jay, Baron Jay of Ewelme, English diplomat 1947 Salman Rushdie, Indian-born writer 1948 Nick Drake, English musician and singer (d. 1974) 1948 Phylicia Rashad, American actress 1949 Hassan Shehata, Egyptian football manager 1950 Ann Wilson, American singer 1951 1975 1951 Francesco Moser, Italian cyclist 1951 Ayman al-Zawahiri, Egyptian terrorist (al-Qaeda) 1952 Bob Ainsworth, British politician 1953 Larry Dunn, American musician (Earth, Wind & Fire) 1954 Kathleen Turner, American actress 1955 Don McCarthy, British businessman (d. 2018) 1957 Anna Lindh, Swedish politician, Foreign minister (d. 2003) 1958 Sergei Makarov, Soviet ice hockey player 1959 Anne Hidalgo, French politician, Mayor of Paris 1959 Christian Wulff, former President of Germany 1959 Mark DeBarge, American singer-songwriter and trumpeter 1959 Sophie Grigson, English cookery writer and chef 1961 Bidhya Devi Bhandari, 2nd President of Nepal 1962 Masanao Sasaki, Japanese footballer 1962 Paula Abdul, American dancer and singer; American Idol judge 1962 Jeremy Bates, English tennis player 1964 Boris Johnson, English journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1965 Sadie Frost, English actress 1967 Bjorn Daehlie, Norwegian skier 1967 Mia Sara, American actress 1969 Yoshiaki Sato, Japanese footballer 1970 Rahul Gandhi, Indian politician 1970 Quincy Watts, American athlete 1970 Brian Welch, American musician 1972 Jean Dujardin, French actor 1972 Brian McBride, American soccer player 1972 Robin Tunney, American actress 1972 Ilya Markov, Russian athlete 1972 Poppy Montgomery, Australian actress 1972 Dagur B. Eggertsson, Icelandic politician, Mayor of Reykjavik 1973 Yuko Nakazawa, Japanese singer and actress 1973 Yasuhito Yabuta, Japanese baseball player 1973 Nadiya, French singer 1975 Hugh Dancy, British actor From 1976 1977 Rebecca Loos, Dutch model 1977 Maria Cioncan, Romanian athlete (d. 2007) 1977 Sacha Modolo, Italian road-racing cyclist 1978 Dirk Nowitzki, German basketball player 1978 Zoe Saldana, American actress 1978 Maria Maestro, Argentine actress and singer 1979 José Kléberson, Brazilian footballer 1980 Lauren Lee Smith, Canadian actress 1980 Robbie Neilson, Scottish footballer 1982 Chris Vermeulen, Australian motorcycle racer 1982 Alexander Frolov, Russian ice hockey player 1983 Mark Selby, British snooker player 1983 Macklemore, American rapper 1984 Paul Dano, American actor 1984 Helen George, English actress 1985 Kajal Aggarwal, Indian actress 1985 Chikashi Masuda, Japanese footballer 1986 Dimitris Sialmas, Greek footballer 1986 Marvin Williams, American basketball player 1986 Marie Dorin Habert, French biathlete 1986 Ragnar Sigurdsson, Icelandic footballer 1987 Beattie Edmondson, English actress 1987 Miho Fukuhara, Japanese singer 1990 Moa Hjelmer, Swedish athlete 1992 Oscar Taveras, Dominican baseball player (d. 2014) 1995 Blake Woodruff, American actor 1996 Larisa Iordache, Romanian gymnast 1998 Atticus Shaffer, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 1027 Romuald, Italian saint (b. 951) 1179 Earl Erling Skakke, Norwegian nobleman 1205 Roman the Great, Russian prince (b. 1151) 1282 Eleanor de Montfort, wife of Llywelyn the Last (b. 1252) 1542 Leo Jud, Swiss reformer (b. 1482) 1545 Abraomas Kulvietis, Lithuanian reformer (b. 1509) 1584 Francis, Duke of Anjou (b. 1555) 1715 Nicolas Lemery, French chemist (b. 1645) 1747 Alessandro Marcello, Italian composer (b. 1669) 1762 Johann Ernst Eberlin, German composer (b. 1702) 1820 Joseph Banks, British naturalist and botanist (b. 1743) 1850 Margaret Fuller, American writer and journalist (b. 1810) 1865 Evangelos Zappas, Greek patriot, philanthropist and businessman (b. 1800) 1867 Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1832) 1884 Juan Bautista Alberdi, Argentine politician and writer (b. 1810) 1897 Charles Boycott, British land owner in Ireland (b. 1832) 1901 2000 1902 Albert, King of Saxony (b. 1828) 1903 Herbert Vaughan, English archbishop (b. 1832) 1922 Hitachiyama Taniemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1874) 1937 J. M. Barrie, Scottish writer (b. 1860) 1939 Grace Abbott, American social worker and activist (b. 1878) 1940 Maurice Jaubert, French composer (b. 1900) 1953 Ethel Rosenberg, American convicted of Espionage (b. 1915) 1953 Julius Rosenberg, American convicted of Espionage (b. 1918) 1957 Karl Plagge, German army officer and humanitarian (b. 1897) 1968 James Joseph Sweeney, American bishop (b. 1898) 1975 Sam Giancana, American mafioso (b. 1908) 1977 Olave Baden-Powell, founder of the Girl Guides (b. 1899) 1979 Paul Popenoe, American explorer and scholar (b. 1888) 1981 Lotte Reiniger, German illustrator (b. 1899) 1984 Lee Krasner, American painter (b. 1908) 1986 Len Bias, American basketball player (b. 1963) 1986 Coluche, French comedian and actor (b. 1944) 1993 William Golding, British writer (b. 1911) 1995 Peter Townsend, British military officer (b. 1914) 2000 Christiane Herzog, First Lady of Germany (b. 1936) From 2001 2003 Laura Sadler, English actress (b. 1980) 2007 Antonio Aguilar, Mexican actor, singer, producer and screenwriter (b. 1919) 2007 El Fary, Spanish singer and actor (b. 1937) 2009 Tomoji Tanabe, Japanese supercentenarian, world's oldest man at the time of his death (b. 1895) 2010 Manute Bol, Sudanese basketball player (b. 1962) 2010 Carlos Monsivais, Mexican writer (b. 1938) 2012 Nobert Tiemann, 32nd Governor of Nebraska (b. 1924) 2013 Slim Whitman, American country music singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1923) 2013 Gyula Horn, former Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1932) 2013 James Gandolfini, American actor (b. 1961) 2014 Gerry Goffin, American songwriter (b. 1939) 2014 Ibrahim Touré, Ivorian footballer (b. 1985) 2014 Alan Moller, American meteorologist, storm chaser and photographer (b. 1950) 2015 Phil Austin, American comedian, writer and musician (b. 1941) 2015 Jack Aeby, American photographer (b. 1923) 2015 James Salter, American writer (b. 1925) 2015 Harold Battiste, American jazz and R&B composer (b. 1931) 2015 Fredrik Fasting Torgersen, Norwegian convicted murderer (b. 1934) 2015 Wendell Holmes, American musician (b. 1944) 2016 Götz George, German actor (b. 1938) 2016 Anton Yelchin, Russian-American actor (b. 1989) 2017 Brian Cant, English actor and television presenter (b. 1933) 2017 Ivan Dias, Indian cardinal (b. 1936) 2017 Otto Warmbier, American student (b. 1994) 2017 Tony DiCicco, American soccer player and coach (b. 1948) 2017 Tabaré Hackenbruch, Uruguayan politician (b. 1928) 2017 Mustafa Tlass, Syrian military officer and politician (b. 1932) 2018 Stanley Cavell, American philosopher (b. 1926) 2018 Princess Elisabeth of Denmark (b. 1935) 2018 Koko, American-bred Western lowland gorilla (b. 1971) 2018 Ivan Drach, Ukrainian poet and screenwriter (b. 1936) 2018 Hubert Green, American golfer (b. 1946) 2018 Paul John Marx, French-born Papua New Guinean Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1935) 2019 Peng Xiaolian, Chinese film director (b. 1953) 2019 Rafael de la Sierra, Spanish politician (b. 1948) 2019 Dmytro Tymchuk, Ukrainian politician, military expert and blogger (b. 1972) 2019 Etika, American YouTuber (b. 1990) 2020 Ian Holm, English actor (b. 1931) Observances Day of Independent Hungary Juneteenth (United States) Labour Day (Trinidad and Tobago) Never Again Day (Uruguay) World Sickle Cell Day References Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2026

June 26

Events Up to 1950 4 Roman Emperor Augustus adopts Tiberius. 221 Roman Emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir. 363 Roman Emperor Julian is killed during retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Troops on the battlefield proclaim Jovian Emperor. 687 Benedict II becomes Pope. 1409 Western Schism: The Catholic church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon. 1483 Richard III becomes king of England. 1492 Mont Aiguille, in the Western Alps in France is climbed for the first time by Antoine de Ville. 1541 Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima. 1718 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia (son of Peter I of Russia) dies mysteriously after his father sentenced him to death for plotting against him. (occurred on July 7 in the Gregorian calendar) 1723 After a siege, and bombardment by cannon, Baku surrenders to the Russians. 1740 A combined force of Spanish, free Blacks, and allied Indians defeat a British garrison at the Siege of Fort Mose near St. Augustine, Florida in the War of Jenkins' Ear. 1819 The bicycle is patented. 1830 King George IV of the United Kingdom dies. His brother succeeds him as William IV of the United Kingdom. 1843 The Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, effectively giving Hong Kong to the United Kingdom. 1848 End of the June Days Uprising in Paris. 1857 First Investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London. 1860 In Durban, South Africa, Africa's first railway is opened. 1870 Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the US. 1879 Egypt sells its parts of the Suez Canal to the United Kingdom. 1886 Henri Moissan isolates elemental fluorine for the first time. 1889 Bangui, now-capital city of the Central African Republic, is founded. 1905 A telegram is sent to Iceland for the first time, from Cornwall. 1906 The 1906 French Grand Prix is held, as the first Grand Prix motor racing event ever held. 1917 World War I: US troops arrive in France to fight alongside Britain and France against Germany. 1920 Antonio Maria da Silva becomes Prime Minister of Portugal. 1924 American occupying forces leave the Dominican Republic. 1934 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, which establishes credit unions. 1934 Initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter. 1940 World War II: Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Romania requiring it to cede Bessarabia and northern part of Bukovina. 1945 The United Nations Charter is signed. 1945 In Germany, the CDU political party is founded. 1948 The Western allies start an airlift to Berlin after the Soviet Union has blockaded West Berlin. 1951 2000 1954 The FIFA World Cup's most goal-filled match occurs in Lausanne, Switzerland, as the Austria national football team wins 7-5 against the Switzerland national football team. 1959 Ingemar Johansson of Sweden becomes Boxing Heavyweight World Champion when he defeats Floyd Patterson. 1959 The Saint Lawrence Seaway opens, opening North America's Great Lakes to ocean-going ships. 1960 Former British Protectorate of Somaliland (British Somaliland) gains its independence. 1960 Madagascar becomes independent from France. 1963 John F. Kennedy speaks the famous words "Ich bin ein Berliner" at a speech in Berlin. 1964 The Beatles release the album A Hard Day's Night. 1966 The Basel Canton in Switzerland allows women to vote. 1973 On Plesetsk Cosmodrome 9 persons were killed at an explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket. 1974 The first retail product (a pack of chewing gum) was sold using a barcode reader. 1975 Indira Gandhi establishes authoritarian rule in India. 1976 The CN Tower in Toronto is officially opened. 1977 The last concert of Elvis Presley takes place. 1978 Air Canada Flight 221 to Toronto overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. 1979 Muhammad Ali retires. 1987 Convention against Torture entered into force. 1991 The Yugoslav People's Army begins the Ten-Day War in Slovenia and Croatia. 1995 Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak survives an assassination attempt in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1995 Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani becomes Emir of Qatar after deposing his father, Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani in a bloodless coup. 1996 Journalist Veronica Guerin is shot dead in Dublin, Ireland. 1997 Bertie Ahern becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. 1997 The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment. 1997 Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the U.S.), the first book in J.K. Rowling's hugely popular Harry Potter series, is published. 2000 Human Genome Project: The completion of the first rough map of the human genetic code is announced. From 2001 2003 The U.S. Supreme Court rules that sodomy laws are unconstitutional in Lawrence v. Texas. 2006 East Timorese Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri resigns after weeks of political unrest. 2007 In Zheijiang, China, the Huangzhou Bay Bridge is opened. 2007 Lina Hahne, a 23-year-old medical student, is crowned Miss Sweden after the original winner was dethroned. 2013 Prime Minister of Australia Julia Gillard loses a vote within the Australian Labor Party against previous Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, who succeeds her the next day. 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup: FIFA hands out its heaviest FIFA World Cup ban to Uruguayan striker Luis Suarez for biting Italy's Giorgio Chiellini two days earlier. The Uruguayan Football Association appeals the decision. 2015 Islamist Terror attacks occur in France, Kuwait and Tunisia. A local businessman is decapitated in Southeast France; At least 27 people killed in a bombing at a mosque in Kuwait; A gun attack on foreign tourists in Sousse, Tunisia, kills at least 38 people. 2015 The Supreme Court of the United States rules that all states of the United States are to recognize same-sex marriage. 2016 Chile defeats Argentina in the final of the Copa América Centenario. Argentina's Lionel Messi announces his retirement from the national team after the match. 2017 Theresa May's Conservative Party agrees a deal with Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party in order to stay in power in the United Kingdom. 2018 The United States Supreme Court, in a majority decision, rules in favour of Donald Trump's travel ban on people from several Muslim-majority countries. 2018 Activist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez defeats incumbent United States Representative Joe Crowley in an upset victory in the Democratic Party primary for New York's 14th congressional district. Births Up to 1900 1501 Cho Shik, Korean scholar, politician, educator and poet (d. 1572) 1557 Leandro Bassano, Italian painter (d. 1622) 1575 Anne Catherine of Brandenburg, Queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1612) 1582 Johannes Schultz, German composer (d. 1653) 1653 Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV (d. 1743) 1681 Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (d. 1708) 1689 Edward Holyoke, American clergyman and academic (d. 1769) 1726 Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (d. 1796) 1730 Charles Messier, French astronomer (d. 1817) 1741 John Langdon, American politician (d. 1819) 1753 Antoine de Rivarol, French writer (d. 1801) 1760 Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1836) 1786 Sunthorn Phu, Thai poet (d. 1855) 1817 Branwell Bronte, English painter and poet (d. 1848) 1819 Abner Doubleday, American major general (d. 1893) 1821 Bartolomé Mitre, 6th President of Argentina (d. 1906) 1824 William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish physicist (d. 1907) 1826 Adolf Bastian, German polymath (d. 1905) 1839 Sam Watkins, American Confederate soldier and writer (d. 1901) 1854 Robert Laird Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937) 1865 Bernard Berenson, art connoisseur (d. 1959) 1866 George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (d. 1923) 1871 Johan Anker, Norwegian sailor (d. 1940) 1880 Mitchell Lewis, American movie actor (d. 1956) 1892 Pearl S. Buck, American writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1973) 1893 Big Bill Broonzy, American blues musician and composer (d. 1958) 1895 George Hainsworth, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1956) 1897 Viola Dana, American actress (d. 1987) 1898 Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer (d. 1978) 1899 Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Alexandra Fyodorovna (d. 1918) 1899 Elvy Kalep, Estonian pilot and artist (d. 1989) 1901 1950 1902 Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor (d. 2010) 1904 Peter Lorre, Hungarian actor (d. 1964) 1904 Frank Scott Hogg, Canadian astronomer (d. 1951) 1906 Edward Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana (d. 1979) 1908 Salvador Allende, President of Chile (d. 1973) 1909 Colonel Tom Parker, Elvis Presley's manager (d. 1997) 1909 Wolfgang Reitherman, German-American animator, director and producer (d. 1985) 1911 Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (d. 1956) 1912 Jay Silverheels, actor (d. 1980) 1913 Aimé Césaire, French-Martinican poet and politician (d. 2008) 1913 Maurice Wilkes, British computer scientist (d. 2010) 1914 Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian politician (d. 1991) 1914 Laurie Lee, English poet, novelist and screenwriter (d. 1997) 1914 Wolfgang Windgassen, German tenor (d. 1974) 1916 Giuseppe Taddei, Italian baritone (d. 2010) 1919 Richard Neustadt, political historian (d. 2003) 1920 Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian baseball player (d. 2014) 1922 Eleanor Parker, American actress (d. 2013) 1922 Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (d. 2014) 1924 Richard Bull, American actor (d. 2014) 1925 Pavel Belyayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1970) 1925 Wolfgang Unzicker, German chess player (d. 2006) 1927 Dimitar Iliev Popov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 2015) 1928 Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japanese inventor 1929 Milton Glaser, American graphic designer, typographer and teacher 1930 Jackie Fargo, American professional wrestler (d. 2013) 1933 Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (d. 2014) 1933 David Winnick, English politician 1934 Dave Grusin, American jazz pianist 1934 Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965) 1936 Robert Maclennan, British politician 1936 Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (d. 2015) 1936 Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (d. 2014) 1936 Hal Greer, American basketball player 1937 Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist (d. 2013) 1938 Neil Abercrombie, American politician, 7th Governor of Hawaii 1939 Chuck Robb, American politician, 64th Governor of Virginia 1942 Gilberto Gil, first Minister of Culture of Brazil, singer, songwriter and musician 1944 Wolfgang Weber, German footballer 1945 Dwight York, musician, fashion consultant, cult leader and child molester 1947 Peter Sloterdijk, German philosopher 1948 Sergei Bodrov, Russian movie director, screenwriter and producer 1949 Fredric Brandt, American dermatologist (d. 2015) 1950 Michael Paul Chan, American actor 1951 1975 1951 Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer (d. 2014) 1951 Jürgen Rüttgers, German politician 1952 Gordon McQueen, Scottish footballer 1952 Simon Mann, English mercenary 1954 Luis Arconada, Basque-Spanish footballer 1954 Steve Barton, American actor, singer and dancer (d. 2001) 1955 Mick Jones, British musician, guitarist with The Clash, Big Audio Dynamite 1956 Chris Isaak, American pop singer and actor 1956 Patrick Mercer, British politician 1957 Pietro Paolo Virdis, Italian footballer 1957 Philippe Mabboux, French organist and composer 1957 Patty Smyth, American singer-songwriter 1958 Pedro Cateriano, former Prime Minister of Peru 1958 Riho Sibul, Estonian singer and guitarist 1959 Mark McKinney, Canadian actor and screenwriter 1960 Mark Durkan, Northern Irish politician 1961 Greg Lemond, cyclist 1961 Toni Barry, British voice actress 1961 Terri Nunn, American singer (Berlin) 1962 Jerome Kersey, American basketball player (d. 2015) 1963 Richard Garfield, American game designer 1963 Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russian CEO of YUKOS Oil Company 1966 Dany Boon, French actor, director and screenwriter 1967 Olivier Dahan, French director and screenwriter 1967 Tarun Sagar, Indian Jain monk (d. 2018) 1968 Gudni Th. Johannesson, Icelandic historian and academic, 6th President of Iceland 1968 Jovenel Moïse, President of Haiti (d. 2021) 1968 Rich Eisen, American ESPN SportsCenter anchor 1968 Shannon Sharpe, American football player and commentator 1968 Paolo Maldini, Italian footballer 1968 Armand de Las Cuevas, French cyclist (d. 2018) 1969 Colin Greenwood, musician, Radiohead 1969 Francis Magee, Irish actor 1969 Geir Moen, Norwegian sprinter 1970 Paul Thomas Anderson, American director, producer and screenwriter 1970 Irv Gotti, American record producer 1970 Sean Hayes, American actor, singer and producer 1970 Chris O'Donnell, American actor 1972 Caroline Nokes, English politician 1972 Jussi Sydanmaa, Finnish musician (Lordi) 1973 Gretchen Wilson, American country music singer 1974 Derek Jeter, American baseball player 1975 Jean-Paul Abalo, Togolese footballer From 1976 1976 Ed Jovanovski, Canadian ice hockey player 1976 Chad Pennington, American football player 1976 Alexander Zakharchenko, Ukrainian separatist leader (d. 2018) 1977 Kubo Tite, cartoonist 1979 Ryan Tedder, American singer, musician and producer (OneRepublic) 1980 Jason Schwartzman, American actor 1980 Michael Vick, American football player 1981 Paolo Cannavaro, Italian footballer 1983 Felipe Melo, Brazilian footballer 1984 Raymond Felton, American basketball player 1984 Deron Williams, American basketball player 1984 Priscah Jeptoo, Kenyan runner 1984 Aubrey Plaza, American actress 1985 Arjun Kapoor, Indian actor 1985 Daniela Sabatino, Italian footballer 1985 Urgyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan spiritual leader 1986 Xisco, Spanish footballer 1987 Samir Nasri, French footballer 1988 Amanda Marchant, English singer 1988 Sam Marchant, English singer 1988 Dakota L. Meyer, American soldier 1990 Belaynesh Oljira, Ethiopian runner 1992 Joel Campbell, Costa Rican footballer 1992 Melanie Amaro, British-American singer 1992 Jennette McCurdy, American actress and singer 1993 Ariana Grande, American actress and singer 2005 Princess Alexia of the Netherlands Deaths Up to 1950 363 Julian, Roman Emperor (killed in battle) (b. 331) 1291 Eleanor of Provence, queen of Henry III of England 1541 Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conqueror of Peru (murdered) 1718 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia (b. 1690), died on July 7 in the Gregorian calendar 1784 Caesar Rodney, 4th Governor of Delaware (b. 1728) 1808 Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, Polish poet and politician (b. 1748) 1810 Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor (b. 1740) 1830 King George IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1762) 1836 Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, French composer (b. 1706) 1856 Max Stirner, German philosopher (b. 1806) 1870 Armand Barbès, French revolutionary (b. 1809) 1878 Mercedes of Orléans, Queen of Spain (b. 1860) 1883 Edward Sabine, Irish-English astronomer, geophysicist and ornithologist (b. 1788) 1918 Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet (b. 1843) 1922 Albert I, Prince of Monaco (b. 1841) 1938 Daria Pratt, American golfer (b. 1859) 1939 Ford Maddox Ford, English writer (b. 1873) 1943 Karl Landsteiner, Austrian doctor, won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1868) 1945 Emil Hacha, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1872) 1946 Yosuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician (b. 1880) 1947 Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1870) 1949 Kim Gu, Korean politician (b. 1876) 1951 2000 1951 Frank Ferera, Hawaiian musician (b. 1885) 1955 Engelbert Zaschka, German helicopter pioneer (b. 1895) 1956 Clifford Brown, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1930) 1957 Alfred Döblin, German writer (b. 1878) 1957 Malcolm Lowry, English poet and author (b. 1909) 1958 Andrija Štampar, physician and United Nations diplomat (b. 1888) 1958 George Orton, Canadian athlete (b. 1873) 1964 Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (b. 1888) 1975 St. Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish Roman Catholic priest (b. 1902) 1979 Akwasi Afrifa, Ghanaian politician (b. 1936) 1990 Anni Blomqvist, Finnish writer (b. 1909) 1993 William H. Riker, political scientist (b. 1920) 1996 Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist (b. 1958) 1997 Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, Hawaiian singer (born 1959) From 2001 2002 Jay Berwanger, American football player (b. 1914) 2002 Arnold Brown, 11th General of the Salvation Army (b. 1913) 2003 Sir Denis Thatcher Bt., husband of Margaret Thatcher (b. 1915) 2003 Strom Thurmond, United States Senator (b. 1902) 2003 Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroonian footballer (b. 1975) 2004 Yash Johar, Indian movie producer (b. 1929) 2005 Richard Whiteley, British game show host (b. 1943) 2007 Liz Claiborne, Belgian-born fashion designer (b. 1929) 2007 Jupp Derwall, German footballer and manager (b. 1927) 2010 Algirdas Brazauskas, Lithuanian President (b. 1932) 2011 Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer (b. 1948) 2012 Nora Ephron, American writer, screenwriter and movie director (b. 1941) 2013 Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (b. 1934) 2013 Bert Stern, American photographer (b. 1929) 2013 Kimberly McCarthy, American murderer (b. 1961) 2014 Ivan Plyushch, Ukrainian politician (b. 1941) 2014 Howard Baker, American politician and diplomat, United States Senator for Tennessee (b. 1925) 2014 Wolf Koenig, German-born Canadian filmmaker (b. 1927) 2014 Ron Hall, Australian rules footballer (b. 1945) 2015 Yevgeny Primakov, former Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1929) 2015 Richard Matt, American murderer and prison escapee (b. 1966) 2016 Austin Clarke, Canadian novelist (b. 1934) 2016 Barbara Goldsmith, American author (b. 1931) 2016 Ryan Jimmo, Canadian mixed martial artist (b. 1981) 2016 Kim Sung-min, South Korean actor (b. 1973) 2016 Kavalam Narayana Panicker, Indian dramatist, theatre director and poet (b. 1928) 2016 Rostislav Yankovsky, Belarussian actor (b. 1930) 2017 Desh Bandhu Gupta, Indian businessman (b. 1938) 2017 Doug Peterson, American yacht designer (b. 1945) 2017 Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (b. 1933) 2017 Alice Trolle-Wachtmeister, Swedish countess (b. 1926) 2017 Claude Fagedet, French photographer (b. 1928) 2018 Andrey Dementyev, Russian poet (b. 1928) 2018 Henri Namphy, President of Haiti (b. 1932) 2018 Daniel Pilon, Canadian actor (b. 1940) 2018 Big Bill Bissonnette, American jazz trombonist (b. 1937) 2018 Ignatios Lappas, Greek Orthodox bishop (b. 1946) 2018 Phil Rodgers, American golfer (b. 1938) 2019 Georges Brossard, Canadian entomologist (b. 1940) 2019 Douglas Fielding, British actor and narrator (b. 1946) 2019 Manuel Real, American lawyer and politician (b. 1924) 2019 Andrey Nikolayevich Sakharov, Russian historian (b. 1930) 2019 Max Wright, American actor (b. 1943) Observances Independence Day in Madagascar Flag Day (Romania) Army and Navy Day (Azerbaijan) International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking International Day in Support of Victims of Torture Days of the year

10030

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2030

June 30

Events Up to 1900 350 Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantian dynasty, is defeated and killed by the usurper Magnentius. 763 A Byzantine army under Emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus. 1422 Battle of Arbedo between the Duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons. 1521 Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noain during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre. 1559 Henry II of France is wounded in a jousting contest against Gabriel de Montgomery. 1651 Battle of Beresteczko: Victory for Poland-Lithuania. 1758 Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place. 1805 The United States Congress organises the Michigan Territory. 1859 French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope. 1860 The Oxford Evolution debate takes place at the Oxford Museum of Natural History. 1861 A group of 3000 European gold miners attack Chinese miners at Lambing Flat, New South Wales. 1864 Abraham Lincoln grants the Yosemite Valley to California for 'public use, resort and recreation'. 1882 Charles J. Guiteau is executed for the assassination of US President James A. Garfield. 1886 The first transcontinental train trip across Canada leaves Montreal. It arrives at Fort Moody, British Columbia on July 4. 1894 London Tower Bridge is opened to traffic. 1900 A harbour fire in Hoboken, New Jersey spreads to five German liners, killing 326 people. 1901 2000 1905 Albert Einstein publishes the article 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in which he introduces Special Relativity. 1908 The Tunguska Incident occurs, as a large area of forest in Siberia is destroyed. The circumstances have not yet been fully explained, but it is widely believed to have been the explosion of a meteor. 1912 A deadly tornado hits Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, killing 28 people. 1917 World War I: Greece declares war on the Central Powers. 1934 The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's purge of political rivals, begins. 1936 Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid from the League of Nations after being invaded by Italy. 1940 World War II: Nazi Germany invades Guernsey in the Channel Islands, English Channel. 1944 World War II: The city of Cherbourg in Normandy falls to American forces. 1954 A total Solar eclipse is seen over parts of North America, Europe and Asia. 1956 A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people in both airliners. 1960 The present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo becomes independent. 1969 Nigeria bans Red Cross aid from Biafra. 1971 The crew of Soyuz 11 are suffocated when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve. 1971 Ohio reduces the voting age to 18. 1972 The first Leap second is added to the UTC time. 1975 Muhammad Ali successfully defends his Heavyweight Boxing World title, against Joe Bugner. 1985 Palau's President Haruo Remeliik is murdered. 1985 39 American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut, Lebanon, after 17 days. 1987 The Canadian 1 Dollar coin, the 'Loonie', is introduced. 1990 East Germany and West Germany merge their economies. 1991 32 miners are killed when a coal mine catches fire in the Donbass region of Ukraine and releases toxic gas. 1996 Germany wins the UEFA Euro 1996 Championship against the Czech Republic, with Oliver Bierhoff scoring the first-ever 'Golden Goal'. 1998 Joseph Estrada becomes President of the Philippines. 2000 The Indonesian ferry Chaya Bahara sinks off the island of Sulawesi, killing over 500 people. From 2001 2002 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea: Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup for a fifth time, over Germany, with two goals from Ronaldo. 2005 Spain legalises Same-sex marriage. 2007 Islamist extremists drive a jeep packed with explosives into the main building at Glasgow Airport in Scotland. 2009 A Yemenia Airlines plane crashes into the Indian Ocean near the Comoros. Only one of the 153 people on board survives. 2010 Benigno Aquino III becomes President of the Philippines. 2010 Christian Wulff is chosen to succeed Horst Koehler as President of Germany. 2012 Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is sworn in as President of Egypt. 2013 The Brazil national football team wins the FIFA Confederations Cup against the Spain national football team. 2013 A whole entire fire crew in Arizona is killed while battling wild fires. 2015 A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in Medan, Indonesia, killing a total of 116 people. 2016 Rodrigo Duterte becomes President of the Philippines. 2017 Germany's Bundestag votes in favour of same-sex marriage by 393 votes to 226. Births Up to 1900 1470 King Charles VIII of France (d. 1498) 1503 John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554) 1588 Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer and educator (d. 1649) 1628 Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (d. 1696) 1685 John Gay, English writer (d. 1732) 1685 Dominikus Zimmermann, master builder (d. 1766) 1748 Dominique, comte de Cassini, French cartographer and astronomer (d. 1845) 1755 Paul de Barras, French politician (d. 1829) 1768 Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (d. 1830) 1789 Horace Vernet, painter and graphic artist (d. 1863) 1807 Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, narrator, lyricist, and philosopher (d. 1887) 1815 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888) 1817 Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911) 1818 Lysius Salomon, 13th President of Haiti (d. 1888) 1819 William A. Wheeler, 19th Vice President of the United States (d. 1887) 1824 Antonio Gonzalez de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1908) 1827 Jacques-Louis Soret, Swiss chemist and physicist (d. 1890) 1833 Manuel Amador Guerrero, 1st President of Panama (d. 1909) 1843 Ernest Mason Satow, writer (d. 1929) 1864 Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945) 1883 Johan Olin, Finnish wrestler (d. 1928) 1884 Georges Duhamel, French writer (d. 1966) 1888 Rudolf Amelunxen, German politician (d. 1969) 1890 Paul Boffa, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962) 1891 Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953) 1891 Ed Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966) 1892 Bo Carter, American blues musician (d. 1962) 1892 Oswald Pohl, Nazi politician (d. 1951) 1893 Walter Ulbricht, East German politician (d. 1973) 1899 Harry Shields, American jazz musician (d. 1971) 1899 Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990) 1901 1950 1903 Robert E. Hannegan, American politician, 52nd United States Postmaster General (d. 1949) 1906 Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981) 1906 Anthony Mann, American movie actor and director (d. 1967) 1906 Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955) 1907 Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950) 1908 Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003) 1909 Juan Bosch, Dominican Republic politician (d. 2001) 1911 Czesław Miłosz, Polish poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2004) 1912 Leopoldo Zea Aguilar, Mexican philosopher (d. 2002) 1912 Avigdor Dagan, Czech-Israeli writer, playwright, translator and diplomat (d. 2006) 1913 Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007) 1914 Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese politician (d. 2001) 1914 Allan Houser, Native American artist (d. 1994) 1917 Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975) 1917 Lena Horne, American actress and singer (d. 2010) 1919 Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007) 1921 Oswaldo Lopez Arellano, President of Honduras (d. 2010) 1926 Peter Alexander, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2011) 1926 Paul Berg, American biochemist 1933 Lea Massari, Italian actress 1933 Derek Bentley, British victim of a miscarriage of Justice (d. 1953) 1934 Harry Blackstone, Jr., American magician (d. 1997) 1936 Assia Djebar, Algerian writer, director and historian (d. 2015) 1937 Gainan Saidkhuzhin, Russian cyclist (d. 2015) 1937 Gideon Ezra, Israeli politician (d. 2012) 1938 Apostolis Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999) 1938 Billy Mills, American runner 1939 John Fortune, British scriptwriter and actor (d. 2013) 1939 José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican writer (d. 2014) 1941 Otto Sander, German actor (d. 2013) 1942 Robert Ballard, American underwater archaeologist 1943 Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976) 1944 Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist 1944 Terry Funk, American wrestler and actor 1945 Sean Scully, Irish-American painter 1951 1975 1953 Hal Lindes, American-born British guitarist (Dire Straits) 1954 Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia 1954 Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004) 1954 Wayne Swan, Australian politician 1956 David Lidington, English politician 1958 Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer 1959 Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor 1959 Brendan Perry, English musician (Dead Can Dance) 1960 James Kwesi Appiah, Ghanaian footballer and coach 1960 Jack McConnell, Scottish politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland 1960 Murray Cook, Australian musician (The Wiggles) 1962 Tony Fernandez, American baseball player 1963 Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian athlete 1963 Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist 1964 Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, Hong Kong-born former member of the Danish royal family 1965 Gary Pallister, English footballer 1965 Mitch Raymond, American basketball player 1966 Cheryl Bernard, Canadian curler 1966 Mike Tyson, American world champion boxer 1967 Nitin Ganatra, British actor 1967 Silke Renk, German athlete 1968 Philip Anselmo, American musician 1970 Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer 1971 Monica Potter, American actress 1972 James Martin, English chef 1973 Frank Rost, German footballer 1973 Chan Ho Park, Korean baseball pitcher 1974 Juli Zeh, German writer 1975 Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer 1975 Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver From 1976 1977 Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer 1980 Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer 1981 Barbara Spotakova, Czech athlete 1982 Lizzy Caplan, American actress 1982 Willam Belli, American actor, drag queen and television personality 1982 Andy Knowles, British musician (Franz Ferdinand) 1983 Cheryl Cole, British singer, formerly of Girls Aloud 1983 Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist 1983 Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer 1983 Katherine Ryan, Canadian comedienne 1984 Dimitry Ipatov, Russian ski jumper 1984 Fantasia Barrino, American singer 1985 Michael Phelps, American swimmer 1985 Cody Rhodes, American professional wrestler 1985 Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer 1985 Charley Uchea, American Reality show personality 1986 Allegra Versace, Italian heiress 1986 Fredy Guarin, Colombian footballer 1988 Jack Douglass, American comedian and actor 1989 Miguel Vitor, Portuguese footballer 1989 Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner 1991 Kaho, Japanese actress 1994 Rhys Jones, Welsh athlete Deaths Up to 1900 350 Nepotianus, Roman usurper 1224 Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185) 1520 Moctezuma II (Montezuma), Aztec ruler (b. around 1465) 1538 Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467) 1649 Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1599) 1670 Henrietta of England, daughter of Charles I (b. 1644) 1708 Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706) 1709 Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist and geographer (b. 1660) 1785 James Oglethorpe, English general (b. 1696) 1861 Robert O'Hara Burke, Irish explorer of Australia (b. 1820) 1882 Charles J. Guiteau, assassin of US President James A. Garfield (b. 1841) 1882 Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827) 1898 Siegfried Marcus, English technician and inventor (b. 1831) 1899 E. D. E. N. Southworth, American author (b. 1819) 1901 2000 1919 John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist (b. 1842) 1932 Bruno Kastner, German actor (b. 1890) 1934 Night of the Long Knives: Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882) Gregor Strasser, Nazi politician (b. 1892) Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862) Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader (b. 1904) Erich Klausener, German politician (b. 1885) 1949 Edouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868) 1953 Charles William Miller, British-Brazilian sportsman, considered as the 'father of Brazilian football' (b. 1874) 1954 Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873) 1959 José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882) 1961 Lee De Forest, American inventor (b. 1873) 1965 Margarete Sommer, German social worker (b. 1893) 1966 Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (b. 1906) 1971 Crew of Soyuz 11: Viktor Patsayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1933) Georgi Dobrovolsky, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928) Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1935) 1971 Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943) 1971 Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938) 1973 Nancy Mitford, British writer and biographer (b. 1904) 1974 Alberta Williams King, mother of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1905) 1974 Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890) 1984 Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905) 1985 Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933) 1993 George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928) 1993 Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor (b. 1962) 1995 Georgi Beregovoi, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921) 1995 Phyllis Hyman, American singer and songwriter (b. 1949) 1996 Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1932) From 2001 2001 Chet Atkins, American musician and producer (b. 1924) 2003 Buddy Hackett, American comedian (b. 1924) 2007 Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943) 2009 Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940) 2011 Georg Sterzinsky, German cardinal (b. 1936) 2012 Yitzhak Shamir, former Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915) 2013 Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920) 2014 Frank Cashen, American baseball executive (b. 1925) 2014 Alvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (b. 1957) 2014 Christian Fuehrer, German pastor and activist (b. 1943) 2014 Alejandra Da Passano, Argentine actress (b. 1947) 2014 Zeljko Sturanovic, former Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960) 2014 Pierre Bec, French Occitan language poet (b. 1921) 2014 Paul Mazursky, American director, screenwriter and actor (b. 1930) 2014 Frank M. Robinson, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1926) 2014 Bob Hastings, American actor (b. 1925) 2015 Eddy Louiss, French jazz musician (b. 1941) 2015 Leonard Starr, American cartoonist (b. 1925) 2016 Martin Lundström, Swedish cross-country skier (b. 1918) 2016 Geoffrey Hill, English poet (b. 1932) 2016 Don Friedman, American jazz pianist (b. 1935) 2016 Juan Habichuela, Spanish flamenco guitarist (b. 1933) 2016 Gordon Murray, English puppeteer and television producer (b. 1921) 2017 Simone Veil, French politician (b. 1927) 2017 Barry Norman, English film critic (b. 1933) 2017 Karunamaya Goswami, Bangladeshi musicologist (b. 1942) 2017 Darrall Imhoff, American basketball player (b. 1938) Observances Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day Army Day (Guatemala) Revolution Day (Sudan) Navy Day (Israel) Days of the year

10031

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2028

June 28

This is the only date in the Gregorian calendar where the day and the month (28 and 6) are different Perfect numbers. Events Up to 1900 1098 Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. 1243 Innocent IV becomes pope. 1360 Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada becomes the 10th Nasrid King of Granada after killing his brother, Ismail II, Sultan of Granada. 1389 Ottoman Empire defeats Christian Europe army in Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan). 1461 King Edward IV of England is crowned. 1519 Charles V elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 1575 The Battle of Nagashino takes place in Japan. 1635 Guadeloupe becomes a French colony. 1651 Battle of Beresteczko between Poles and Ukrainians, the biggest battle in the 17th century, starts. 1709 Tsar Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. 1745 War of the Austrian Succession: A New England colonial army captures Louisbourg, New France, after a 47-day siege. 1776 American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Sullivan's Island becomes the first decisive US victory of the war, over Great Britain. 1807 Second British Invasion of Rio de la Plata: John Whitelock lands at Ensenada in an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals. 1811 Napoleonic Wars: French troops storm the city of Tarragona, Spain and carry out a massacre on citizens who offer strong resistance. 1838 In the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria is officially crowned. 1841 Giselle, a ballet by French composer Adolphe Adam, is first performed in Paris. 1859 The first dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. 1865 In the US, the Army of the Potomac is disbanded. 1880 Ned Kelly, the Australian bushranger, is captured at Glenrowan. 1882 The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone. 1886 The first passenger train of the Canadian Pacific Railway leaves Montreal, Quebec. 1887 Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city. 1894 Labor Day becomes an official US holiday. 1895 El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American Union. 1896 An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pattston City, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners. 1901 2000 1902 United States Congress passes the Spooner Act, allowing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal. 1904 The Danish ship SS Norge runs aground and sinks off Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean; 625 people are killed. 1904 Helen Keller completes her studies at Radcliffe College. 1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia are killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I. 1919 The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany. 1921 King Alexander I of Serbia proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 1922 The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Irish Free State forces. 1926 Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies. 1936 The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China. 1938 A 450-tonne meteorite struck the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania 1940 Romania cedes Bessarabia (current-day Moldova) to the Soviet Union. 1948 A magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Fukui, Japan, kills 5,390 people. 1950 Seoul is captured by troops from North Korea. 1960 US-owned oil refineries in Cuba confiscated and nationalised. 1960 A gas explosion in a coal mine in Monmouthshire, Wales, kills 37 miners. 1964 Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity. 1967 Israel annexes East Jerusalem. 1969 Stonewall riots in New York city mark the beginning of the modern gay rights era. 1976 An Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda trial. 1978 The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 438 US 265 1978, bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms constitutionality of programs giving advantage to minorities. 1981 A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republic Party. 1983 The partial collapse of Connecticut's busy I-95 Mianus River Bridge, killing 3 people. 1987 For the first time in military history a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bomb the Iranian town of Sardasht. 1988 Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal-plating plant in Auburn, Indiana, in the worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history. A fifth victim dies two days later. 1990 Paperback Software, a company founded by Adam Osborne, found guilty by a U.S. court of copyright violation for copying the appearance and menu system of Lotus 1-2-3 in its competing spreadsheet program. 1992 The Constitution of Estonia is signed into law. 1994 Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan, killing 7 people and injuring 660. 1996 The Constitution of Ukraine is signed into law. 1997 Boxer Mike Tyson is disqualified for biting off part of the ear of his opponent Evander Holyfield. From 2001 2004 Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia join the ERM II 2004 Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation. 2006 Montenegro becomes a member of the UN. 2009 A political crisis lasting several months begins in Honduras, as President Manuel Zelaya is overthrown by Roberto Micheletti. 2011 Google launches Google+. 2016 At least 41 people are killed in a terrorist attack on Istanbul's Atatürk International Airport. 2018 Five people are shot dead in the Capital Gazette shooting at a newspaper office in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. 2019 100th anniversary of the signing the Treaty of Versailles. 2019 France records its hottest-ever temperature, at 45.9 degrees Celsius. 2019 The European Union and Mercosur agree a trade deal. Births Up to 1900 1170 King Valdemar II of Denmark (d. 1241) 1243 Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (d. 1304) 1444 Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1487) 1476 Pope Paul IV (d. 1559) 1490 Albert of Mainz, bishop and elector of Mainz (d. 1545) 1491 Henry VIII, King of England (d. 1547) 1503 Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556) 1547 Cristoforo Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599) 1577 Peter Paul Rubens, German painter (d. 1640) 1653 Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal ruler (d. 1707) 1692 Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (d. 1718) 1703 John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (d. 1791) 1712 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (d. 1778) 1719 Etienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician (d. 1785) 1734 Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1778) 1794 John Biscoe, English explorer (d. 1843) 1806 Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883) 1807 Anton Philipp Reclam, German publisher (d. 1895) 1819 Carlotta Grisi, Italian ballerina (d. 1899) 1824 Paul Broca, French physician (d. 1880) 1831 Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d. 1907) 1835 John Young Brown, American politician, 31st Governor of Kentucky (d. 1904) 1836 Lyman J. Gage, American politician (d. 1927) 1847 Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson, Icelandic composer (d. 1927) 1852 Charles Cruft, English businessman (d. 1938) 1867 Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist and narrator, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1936) 1871 Sergei Bulgakov, Russian theologian and philosopher (d. 1944) 1873 Alexis Carrel, French surgeon, won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944) 1875 Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941) 1876 Robert Guérin, French sports official, 1st President of FIFA (d. 1952) 1883 Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945) 1884 Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964) 1888 George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947) 1890 Howard Drew, American sprinter (d. 1957) 1891 Carl Panzram, American serial killer (d. 1930) 1901 1950 1902 Richard Rodgers, American composer (d. 1979) 1906 Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German-American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1972) 1912 Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007) 1913 Franz Antel, Austrian movie maker (d. 2007) 1914 Lester Flatt, bluegrass musician (d. 1979) 1915 David Honeyboy Edwards, American blues musician (d. 2011) 1917 Albert De Cleyn, Belgian footballer (d. 1990) 1918 William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999) 1921 P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India, 1991 1996 (d. 2004) 1923 Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010) 1923 Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2001) 1923 Pete Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2008) 1925 Giselher Klebe, German composer (d. 2009) 1926 Mel Brooks, American actor, director and filmmaker 1927 Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist (d. 2012) 1928 Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat 1930 Itamar Franco, former President of Brazil (d. 2011) 1930 Jack Gold, British movie director (d. 2015) 1930 William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist and parasitologist 1931 Hans Alfredsson, Swedish actor, movie director, writer and comedian 1932 Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005) 1934 Carl Levin, United States Senator (d. 2021) 1934 Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (d. 2015) 1934 Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell, Irish lawyer and judge 1935 John Inman, English actor and singer (d. 2007) 1936 Chuck Howley, American football player 1938 Moy Yat, martial artist 1938 Leon Panetta, American politician 1940 Karpal Singh, Malaysian lawyer and politician (d. 2014) 1940 Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi banker and economist, Nobel Peace Prize winner 1941 David Lloyd Johnston, 28th Governor General of Canada 1941 Joseph Goguen, American scientist (d. 2006) 1942 Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993) 1942 Rupert Sheldrake, British writer, biochemist and parapsychologist 1943 Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 1989) 1946 Gilda Radner, American actress and comedienne (d. 1989) 1946 Jaime Guzman, Chilean politician (d. 1991) 1946 John Michael Lounge, American astronaut (d. 2011) 1947 Mark Helprin, American writer 1948 Kathy Bates, American actress 1948 Clarence Thomas, United States Supreme Court justice 1948 Robin Dunbar, British anthropologist and evolutionary biologist 1951 1975 1951 Mark Shand, English conservationist and author, brother of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (d. 2014) 1951 Lalla Ward, English actress 1951 Walter Alva, Peruvian archaeologist 1952 Pietro Mennea, Italian athlete and politician (d. 2013) 1952 John Patrick Lowrie, American voice actor, actor, musician and author 1952 Jean-Christophe Rufin, French physician and author 1953 Gernot Rohr, German footballer and manager 1954 A. A. Gill, British journalist, author and critic (d. 2016) 1954 Alice Krige, actress 1957 Georgi Parvanov, former President of Bulgaria 1957 Jim Spanarkel, American basketball player and sportscaster 1958 Donna Edwards, American lawyer, politician and writer 1959 Clint Boon, English singer and keyboardist 1960 John Elway, American football player 1961 Jeff Malone, American basketball player and coach 1963 Charlie Clouser, American musician (Nine Inch Nails) 1964 Mark Grace, American Major League Baseball player 1964 Sabrina Ferilli, Italian actress 1964 Tommy Lynn Sells, American serial killer (d. 2014) 1966 John Cusack, American actor 1966 Mary Stuart Masterson, American actress, director and producer 1967 Lars Riedel, German athlete 1967 Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian politician 1967 Gil Bellows, Canadian actor 1968 Adam Woodyatt, English actor 1969 Ayelet Zurer, Israeli actress 1969 Stéphane Chapuisat, Swiss footballer 1971 Sean Dyche, English football manager 1971 Fabien Barthez, French footballer 1971 Lorenzo Amoruso, Italian footballer 1971 Bobby Hurley, American basketball player 1971 Elon Musk, South African-American entrepreneur 1971 Louise Mensch, English politician and author 1972 Ngo Bao Chau, Vietnamese mathematician 1972 Alessandro Nivola, American actor 1972 Jon Heidenreich, American professional wrestler 1973 Adrian Annus, hammer thrower 1973 André Lange, German bobsledder 1974 Rob Dyrdek, American skateboarder, actor and producer 1975 Ning Baizura, Malaysian singer and producer From 1976 1977 Mark Stoermer, American bass player (The Killers) 1978 Simon Larose, tennis player 1979 Felicia Day, American actress and writer 1979 Randy McMichael, American football player 1982 Ibrahim Camejo, Cuban long jumper 1982 Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia 1984 Tamara Ecclestone, British model and television host 1985 Phil Bardsley, British footballer 1986 Kellie Pickler, American country music singer and songwriter 1986 Suzuko Mimori, Japanese voice actress and singer 1987 Terrence Williams, American basketball player 1988 Kanon Wakeshima, Japanese singer and cellist 1989 Lucy Rose, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1989 Mark Edward Fischbach, American actor and comedian 1990 Nick Purcell, American actor 1990 Jasmine Richards, Canadian actress 1990 Daisy Turner, English model and actress 1991 Seohyun, South Korean singer, dancer and actress (Girls' Generation) 1991 Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer 1993 Bradley Beal, American basketball player 1994 Anish Giri, Russian-Dutch chess player 1994 Madeline Duggan, English actress 1994 Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan 1995 Kare Hedebrandt, Swedish actor Deaths Up to 1900 202 Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord 548 Theodora I, Byzantine Empress (b. 500) 572 Alboin, Lombard King (b. 530) 683 Pope Leo II (b. 611) 767 Pope Paul I (b. 700) 928 Louis the Blind, King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor (b. 880) 1061 Floris I, Count of Holland (b. 1020) 1175 Andrey Bogolyubsky, Russian saint (b. 1111) 1189 Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1156) 1194 Emperor Xiaozong of Song of China (b. 1127) 1385 Andronikos IV Palaiologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1348) 1586 Primoz Trubar, Slovenian author and reformer (b. 1508) 1598 Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer (maker of maps) (b. 1527) 1716 George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (b. 1665) 1757 Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia (b. 1687) 1813 Gerhard Scharnhorst, Prussian general (b. 1755) 1834 Joseph Bové, Russian architect (b. 1784) 1836 James Madison, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751) 1880 Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne, Australian bushrangers, killed at Glenrowan, Victoria. 1880 Texas Jack Omohundro, American cowboy and actor (b. 1848) 1881 Jules Armand Dufaure, 33rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1798) 1889 Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and Women's Rights activist (b. 1818) 1892 Harry Atkinson, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1831) 1892 Alexandros Rhizos Rhankaves, Greek poet and statesman (b. 1810) 1901 2000 1913 Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (b. 1811) 1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassination) (b. 1863) 1914 Archduchess Sophie Chotek, wife of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (b. 1868) 1917 Sven Berggren, Swedish naturalist and botanist (b. 1837) 1928 Ida Ferenczy, lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth of Bavaria (b. 1839) 1929 Edward Carpenter, English poet and philosopher (b. 1844) 1935 Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871) 1940 Italo Balbo, Italian general and politician (b. 1896) 1942 Yanka Kupala, Belarussian writer (b. 1882) 1960 Jake Swirbul, co-founder of Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation 1962 Mickey Cochrane, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1903) 1965 Red Nichols, American jazz musician (b. 1905) 1971 Franz Stangl, Nazi Concentration camp commandant (b. 1908) 1974 Frank Sutton, American actor (b. 1923) 1975 Rod Serling, American scriptwriter, host of The Twilight Zone (b. 1924) 1976 Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and movie producer (b. 1927) 1978 Clifford Dupont, President of Rhodesia (b. 1905) 1980 José Iturbi, Spanish musician, conductor (b. 1895) 1981 Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and cancer activist (b. 1958) 1989 Joris Ivens, movie maker (b. 1898) 1991 Henri Lefebvre, French philosopher (b. 1901) 1992 Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (b. 1936) 1993 GG Allin, American punk rock singer (b. 1956) 1997 Mrs. Miller, singer (b. 1907) From 2001 2001 Mortimer Adler, American philosopher (b. 1902) 2001 Joan Sims, actress (b. 1930) 2003 Wim Slijkhuis, Dutch athlete (b. 1923) 2004 Anthony Buckeridge, writer (b. 1912) 2007 Kiichi Miyazawa, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919) 2008 Ruslana Korshunova, Kazakhstani model (b. 1987) 2009 Billy Mays, American pitchman (b. 1958) 2010 Robert Byrd, American politician, longest-serving United States Senator (b. 1917) 2011 Michael Wenning, American minister (b. 1935) 2013 Peter Lehmann, Australian winemaker (b. 1930) 2014 Meshach Taylor, American actor (b. 1947) 2014 Brian Roe, English cricketer (b. 1939) 2014 Jim Brosnan, American baseball player (b. 1929) 2014 Julio Silva Solar, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1926) 2015 Todor Slavov, Bulgarian rally driver (b. 1984) 2015 Jack Carter, American comedian and actor (b. 1922) 2015 Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919) 2016 Scotty Moore, American guitarist (b. 1931) 2016 Buddy Ryan, American football coach (b. 1931) 2016 Pat Summitt, American basketball coach (b. 1952) 2016 Zurlon Tipton, American football player (b. 1990) 2017 John Higgins, Scottish footballer (b. 1930) 2017 Wally O'Connell, Australian rugby league player (b. 1923) 2017 Ola Mildred Rexroat, American World War II military official (b. 1917) 2018 Domenico Losurdo, Italian philosopher (b. 1940) 2018 Rob Hiaasen, American journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1959) 2018 Denis Akiyama, Canadian actor (b. 1952) 2018 Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian author (b. 1936) 2019 Willie Frazer, Northern Irish activist (b. 1960) Observances Saint Irenaeus Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova Observed as Tau Day by opponents of Pi (Mathematics) Days of the year

10032

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2027

June 27

Events Up to 1900 678 Pope Agatho is elected. 1358 The Republic of Dubrovnik is founded. 1497 Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 The thirteen Stratford martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1709 Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. 1715 In a war with Venice, 40,000 Ottoman soldiers land in the Peloponnese, present-day Greece. 1743 War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen - on the battlefield in Bavaria, King George II of Great Britain leads his troops into battle. It is the last time that a British monarch would command troops on the field. 1759 General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec. 1760 Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War. 1806 The British capture Buenos Aires. 1844 Joseph Smith, Jr and his brother Hyrum murdered in Carthage Jail, Carthage, Illinois. 1864 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the American Civil War. 1867 The Bank of California opens its doors 1893 Crash of the New York Stock Exchange. 1898 First solo circumnavigation of the globe completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island Nova Scotia. 1899 A. E. J. Collins scores 628 not-out, a record score in cricket. 1901 2000 1905 Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin. 1927 Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi leads a conference to discuss Japan's plans for China. 1941 Romanian government forces, supporting Nazi Germany, launch a violent pogrom against the Jewish population of the city of Iasi, Romania; 13,266 are subsequently murdered. 1945 Under Secretary of the Navy Ralph Bard sends memo to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson urging that the United States give "preliminary warning" to Japan before using the atomic bomb on a Japanese target. 1946 The Parliament of Canada establishes the definition (meaning) of Canadian citizenship. 1950 The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1953 Joseph Laniel becomes Prime Minister of France. 1954 World's first nuclear power station opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz is removed from power with US assistance. 1957 Hurricane Audrey kills 500 people in Louisiana and Texas. 1963 John F. Kennedy visits his ancestral home in County Wexford, Republic of Ireland. 1966 The military seizes power in Argentina. 1967 World's first ATM installed in Enfield, London. 1972 ATARI is established by Nolan Bushnell. 1973 President of Uruguay Juan Maria Bordaberry dissolves parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 US President Richard Nixon visits the U.S.S.R. 1976 Air France Flight 139 is captured by Palestinian militants and diverted to Entebbe Airport in Uganda. 1977 France grants independence to Djibouti. 1977 Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) becomes a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. 1979 Muhammad Ali announces his retirement from boxing. 1980 A commercial DC-9 (Itavia Flight 870) is apparently shot down. 1982 Space Shuttle Columbia is launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1984 Pierre Elliott Trudeau wins the Albert Einstein Peace Prize. 1984 UEFA Euro 1984: France defeats Spain 2-0 to win the tournament. 1985 Route 66 ceases to be an official highway. 1986 International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in the Nicaragua v. United States. 1988 In Atlantic City, New Jersey, Mike Tyson becomes Boxing Heavyweight Champion of the World, defeating Michael Spinks. 1991 Slovenia, which declared independent two days previously, is invaded by Yugoslavia troops, tanks, and aircraft. 1995 Jodi Huisentruit, an anchorwoman in Mason City, Iowa disappears, presumably abducted. 1998 130 people are killed in an earthquake in southwestern Turkey. From 2001 2001 International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in the LaGrand Case. 2006 2006 FIFA World Cup: Brazil's Ronaldo becomes the highest goalscorer in FIFA World Cup history, with 15 goals. 2007 Gordon Brown becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, succeeding Tony Blair. 2008 In a highly scrutinised election, Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe claims a landslide victory, after opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn, citing violence against MDC supporters. 2010 Iceland legalizes same-sex marriage. 2010 2010 FIFA World Cup: Two controversial decisions in Second Round matches prompt discussions about technology in football. Frank Lampard's goal for England against Germany is not given despite crossing the line, and an offside goal by Argentina's Carlos Tévez against Mexico is given. 2013 Kevin Rudd becomes Prime Minister of Australia for a second time, replacing Julia Gillard. 2013 NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 Jean-Claude Juncker is chosen to become President of the European Commission. 2016 UEFA Euro 2016: Iceland defeats England 2-1 in a surprise result in the second round of the tournament. 2017 Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon delays a plan for a second independence referendum. 2017 A vote in the German Bundestag on same-sex marriage is set for June 30 after Chancellor Angela Merkel changes her official position on the issue. 2017 Armin Laschet takes over from Hannelore Kraft as Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany's most-populous state. 2017 A second Ransomware cyber attack in just over six weeks affects the world's computers, with Russia, Poland and Ukraine among the most-affected countries. 2018 2018 FIFA World Cup: Germany is knocked out of the FIFA World Cup at the first stage for the first time in 80 years, after a 2-0 defeat to South Korea; it is the fourth time in five FIFA World Cups that the previous champion goes out at the group stage. 2018 United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy announces his retirement. Births Up to 1900 1040 King Ladislaus I of Hungary (d. 1095) 1350 Manuel II Palaiologus, Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 1425) 1462 King Louis XII of France (d. 1515) 1550 King Charles IX of France (d. 1574) 1682 King Charles XII of Sweden (d. 1718) (June 17 in Swedish calendar) 1717 Louis Guillaume Le Monnier, French botanist (d. 1799) 1740 John Latham, English physician, naturalist and author (d. 1837) 1805 Napoléon Coste, French composer and guitarist (d. 1883) 1806 Augustus De Morgan, English mathematician (d. 1871) 1821 August Conradi, German organist and composer (d. 1873) 1821 Samuel Washington Woodhouse, American surgeon, explorer and naturalist (d. 1904) 1828 Bryan O'Loghlen, Irish-Australian politician, 13th Premier of Victoria (d. 1905) 1838 Paul Mauser, German weapon designer (d. 1914) 1838 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author and poet (d. 1894) 1838 Eugenia Washington, American historian (d. 1900) 1839 George Mary Searle, American astronomer and clergyman (d. 1918) 1840 Ingram Bywater, British classical philologist (d. 1914) 1846 Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish nationalist political leader (d. 1891) 1850 Lafcadio Hearn, writer (d. 1904) 1869 Hans Spemann, German doctor and zoologist, won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941) 1869 Emma Goldman, Lithuanian-American anarchist, feminist, free love advocate (d. 1940) 1870 Frank Rattray Lillie, zoologist, embryologist (d. 1947) 1880 Helen Keller, American writer and spokeswoman for the deaf and blind (d. 1968) 1882 Eduard Spranger, philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. 1963) 1884 Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (d. 1962) 1885 Guilhermina Suggia, Portuguese cellist (d. 1950) 1885 Pierre Montet, French Egyptologist (d. 1966) 1888 Antoinette Perry, American actress and director (d. 1946) 1890 Roberto Urdaneta, 44th President of Colombia (d. 1972) 1891 Vladimir Petlyakov, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1942) 1892 Paul Colin, French illustrator (d. 1985) 1893 Ivan Belov, Soviet military (d. 1938) 1899 Juan Trippe, American airline entrepreneur (d. 1981) 1901 1950 1904 Alberta Vaughn, American actress (d. 1992) 1905 Armand Mondou, French Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1976) 1906 Catherine Cookson, British writer (d. 1998) 1906 Vernon Watkins, Welsh-American poet (d. 1967) 1907 John McIntire, American actor (d. 1991) 1908 Joao Guimaraes Rosa, Brazilian writer (d. 1967) 1909 Billy Curtis, American actor (d. 1988) 1910 Pierre Joubert, French artist (d. 2002) 1913 Willie Mosconi, professional billiards player (d. 1993) 1914 Robert Aickman, English writer (d. 1981) 1914 Giorgio Almirante, Italian journalist and politician (d. 1988) 1915 Grace Lee Boggs, American writer, activist and feminist (d. 2015) 1918 Adolph Kiefer, American swimmer (d. 2017) 1921 Muriel Pavlow, English actress 1925 Michael Dummett, English philosopher (d. 2011) 1925 Jerome Felder, AKA Doc Pomus, American musician, composer (d. 1991) 1927 Otto Herbert Hajek, German sculptor (d. 2005) 1928 Rudy Perpich, American politician (d. 1995) 1930 Ross Perot, American billionaire and politician (d. 2019) 1930 Tommy Kono, American weightlifter (d. 2016) 1931 Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dutch physicist 1931 Magali Noel, French actress and singer (d. 2015) 1932 Anna Moffo, American soprano (d. 2006) 1934 Alberto Bevilacqua, Italian writer, poet and journalist (d. 2013) 1935 Laurent Terzieff, French actor (d. 2010) 1938 Bruce Babbitt, American politician 1938 Yevgeniy Ivchenko, Soviet race walker 1940 Ian Lang, Baron Lang of Monkton, Scottish politician 1941 Krzysztof Kieslowski, Polish movie director (d. 1996) 1942 Bruce Johnston, American musician (The Beach Boys) 1942 Danny Schechter, American television producer, moviemaker, blogger and media critic (d. 2015) 1949 Rafael Chirbes, Spanish writer (d. 2015) 1949 Vera Wang, American fashion designer 1951 1975 1951 Mary McAleese, former President of Ireland 1951 Julia Duffy, American actress 1951 Ulf Andersson, Swedish chess player 1952 Madan Kumar Bhandari, Nepalese politician (d. 1993) 1952 Mary Rosenblum, American author (d. 2018) 1955 Isabelle Adjani, French actress 1956 Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, Saudi Arabian prince and astronaut 1957 Gabriella Dorio, Italian middle-distance runner 1958 Lisa Germano, American musician 1958 Magnus Lindberg, Finnish pianist and composer 1959 Clint Boon, musician best known for playing keyboards in the band Inspiral Carpets 1960 David Cholmondeley, British aristocrat 1960 Craig Hodges, American basketball player 1961 Tim Whitnall, British voice actor 1961 Meera Syal, British actress, comedienne and writer 1962 Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Hong Kong actor 1962 Michael Ball, British singer and actor 1962 Carrie Gracie, British journalist and news presenter, former BBC News China editor 1962 Sunanda Pushkar, Indian-Canadian businesswoman (d. 2014) 1962 Ollanta Humala, 94th President of Peru 1963 Wendy Alexander, Scottish politician 1963 Jay Karnes, American actor 1964 Stephan Brenninkmeijer, Dutch director, producer and screenwriter 1964 Chuck Person, American basketball player and coach 1964 Taimak, American martial arts actor and stuntman 1965 Simon Sebag Montefiore, English journalist, historian and author 1965 Ange Postecoglou, Australian footballer and coach 1966 J. J. Abrams, American television writer and producer 1966 Aigars Kalvitis, former Prime Minister of Latvia 1969 Alessandro Esseno, Italian composer and pianist 1969 Viktor Petrenko, Ukrainian figure skater 1970 John Eales, Australian rugby player 1970 Jim Edmonds, American baseball player 1970 Vitamin C, pop singer 1971 Jo Frost, English nanny and television personality 1971 Dipendra of Nepal (d. 2001) 1971 Régine Cavagnoud, French skier (d. 2001) 1972 Dmytro Tymchuk, Ukrainian politician, military expert and blogger (d. 2019) 1974 Christian Kane, American actor and singer 1974 Christopher O'Neill, British-American businessman and husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden 1975 Tobey Maguire, American actor From 1976 1976 Nekima Levy-Pounds, American lawyer, professor, activist and writer 1977 Raúl, Spanish footballer 1977 Arkadiusz Radomski, Polish footballer 1978 Anna Kumble, British singer 1978 Courtney Ford, American actress 1978 Marc Terenzi, American singer 1979 Fabrizio Miccoli, Italian footballer 1980 Kevin Pietersen, South African-born English cricketer 1980 Takahiro Futagawa, Japanese footballer 1981 Andrew Embley, Australian footballer 1981 Cléber Santana, Brazilian footballer (d. 2016) 1983 Alsou, Russian singer 1984 José Holebas, German-born Greek footballer 1984 Gökhan Inler, Swiss footballer 1984 Khloe Kardashian, American reality television personality 1985 Svetlana Kuznetsova, Russian tennis player 1985 James Hook, Welsh rugby player 1985 Nico Rosberg, Finnish-German racing driver 1986 LaShawn Merritt, American sprinter 1986 Sam Claflin, English actor 1987 Ed Westwick, English actor 1988 Célia Sasic, German footballer 1988 Matthew Spiranovic, Australian footballer 1988 Alanna Masterton, American actress 1989 Matthew Lewis, English actor 1990 Taylor Phinney, American cyclist 1991 Madylin Sweeten, American actress 1992 Sohee, South Korean singer, dancer and actress 1999 Chandler Riggs, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 363 Emperor Julian (b. 313) 1149 Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch (b. 1099) 1458 Alfonso V of Aragon (b. 1396) 1462 Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1118) 1497 Michael An Gof, Cornish rebel 1497 Thomas Flamank, Cornish rebel 1574 Giorgio Vasari, Italian artist (b. 1511) 1648 Arngrimur Jonsson, Icelandic academic (b. 1568) 1655 Eleonore Gonzaga, wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1598) 1794 Wenzel Anton Graf Kaunitz, Austrian statesman (b. 1711) 1794 Philippe de Noailles, duc de Mouchy, French nobleman (b. 1715) 1794 Anne d'Arpajon, comtesse de Noailles, French noblewoman (b. 1729) 1823 Pierre Antoine Delalande, French explorer and naturalist (b. 1787) 1829 James Smithson, founder of the Smithsonian Institute 1831 Sophie Germain, French mathematician (b. 1776) 1839 Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (b. 1780) 1844 Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (b. 1800) 1844 Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1805) 1852 Lemuel H. Arnold, American politician, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1792) 1878 Sarah Helen Whitman, American poet (b. 1803) 1901 2000 1907 Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American educator (b. 1822) 1916 Stefan Luchian, Romanian painter (b. 1868) 1917 Karl Allmenroder, German World War I ace (b. 1896) 1934 Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1876) 1935 Eugene Augustin Lauste, French inventor (b. 1857) 1944 Milan Hodza, Slovakian politician (b. 1878) 1946 Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (b. 1888) 1952 Elmo Lincoln, actor (b. 1889) 1957 Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1924) 1957 Malcolm Lowry, novelist (b. 1909) 1959 Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (b. 1883) 1960 Lottie Dod, English athlete (b. 1871) 1961 Hélène Dutrieu, French pilot (b. 1877) 1970 Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler (b. 1902) 1986 George Nepia, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1905) 1989 Alfred Jules Ayer, British philosopher (b. 1910) 1991 Molly Geertsema, Dutch politician (b. 1918) 1996 Albert R. Broccoli, American movie producer (b. 1909) 1998 Kerim Tekin, Turkish singer 1999 Georgios Papadopoulos, Greek military leader (b. 1919) 2000 Pierre Pflimlin, French politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1907) From 2001 2001 Jack Lemmon, American actor and movie director (b. 1925) 2001 Tove Jansson, Finnish writer of the Moomin books (b. 1914) 2002 John Entwistle, English musician, bass player for The Who (b. 1944) 2003 David Newman, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1937) 2004 Darrell Russell, NHRA drag racer (b. 1968) 2004 Fred Ramdat Misier, President of Suriname (b. 1926) 2005 Shelby Foote, American historian and author (b. 1917) 2007 Patrick Allotey, Ghanaian footballer (b. 1979) 2011 Elaine Stewart, American actress (b. 1930) 2013 Alain Mimoun, French runner (b. 1921) 2013 Stefano Borgonovo, Italian footballer (b. 1964) 2014 Leslie Manigat, 43rd President of Haiti (b. 1930) 2014 Bobby Womack, American musician (b. 1944) 2014 Rachid Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1926) 2014 Rex Whitehead, Australian cricket umpire (b. 1948) 2014 Tymon Mabaleka, Zimbabwean footballer and music producer (b. 1950) 2015 Chris Squire, English bass guitarist (Yes) (b. 1948) 2015 Zvi Elpeleg, Polish-Israeli diplomat (b. 1926) 2016 Bud Spencer, Italian swimmer and actor (b. 1929) 2016 Simon Ramo, American engineer, business leader and author (b. 1913) 2016 Alvin Toffler, American writer and futurist (b. 1928) 2016 Elmer Cravalho, American politician (b. 1926) 2016 Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen, Danish composer (b. 1932) 2016 Harry Halbreich, Belgian musicologist (b. 1931) 2016 Mack Rice, American songwriter and singer (b. 1933) 2017 Geri Allen, American jazz pianist and composer (b. 1957) 2017 Piotr Bikont, Polish journalist, critic and author (b. 1955) 2017 Michael Bond, English author (Paddington Bear) (b. 1926) 2017 Michael Nyqvist, Swedish actor (b. 1960) 2017 Suh Yun-bok, South Korean athlete (b. 1923) 2017 Ric Suggitt, Canadian rugby coach (b. 1958) 2017 Peter L. Berger, Austrian-American sociologist (b. 1929) 2017 Anthony Young, American baseball player (b. 1966) 2017 Toytown, English eventing horse (b. 1992) 2017 Better Talk Now, American racehorse (b. 1999) 2018 Harlan Ellison, American science fiction writer (b. 1934) 2018 Joe Jackson, American talent manager, patriarch of the Jackson family (b. 1928) 2018 Steve Soto, American punk guitarist (b. 1963) 2018 Vladimir Andreyevich Uspensky, Russian mathematician and writer (b. 1930) 2018 Paola Paternoster, Italian discus and javelin thrower (b. 1935) 2018 Steven Hilliard Stern, Canadian-American director and screenwriter (b. 1937) 2018 Steve Ditko, American comic book artist and writer (b. 1927) 2019 Gualberto Castro, Mexican singer, actor and television personality (b. 1934) 2019 David Golomb, Israeli politician (b. 1933) 2019 Justin Raimondo, American author (b. 1951) Observances Independence Day in Djibouti Canadian Multiculturalism Day Seven Sleepers Day in Germany (According to legend, the weather on this date is supposed to be the same as in the rest of the Summer) National Unity Day (Tajikistan) Mixed Race Day (Brazil) Days of the year

10033

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2022

June 22

Events Up to 1950 217 BC Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. 168 BC Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War. 816 Pope Stephen IV is elected. 1593 Battle of Sisak: Slovene – Croat troops defeat the Turks. 1622 Portuguese forces repel a Dutch invasion at the Battle of Macau during the Dutch-Portuguese War. 1633 The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his scientific view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe. 1634 Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn marries Saskia van Uylenburgh. 1675 The Greenwich Royal Observatory is founded. 1774 The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules for governance of the colony of Quebec in what was then British North America. 1783 The poisonous cloud from the erupting Laki volcanic crater in Iceland reaches Le Havre, on France's English Channel coast. 1813 War of 1812: After learning of American plans to carry out a surprise attack on the Beavers Dams, Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a 30 kilometer journey on foot to warn James FitzGibbon. 1825 British Parliament abolishes feudalism and the seigneurial system in British North America. 1866 Battle of Custoza: an Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War. 1870 The United States Congress creates the United States Department of Justice. 1893 The Royal Navy battleship HMS Camperdown accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship HMS Victoria which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon. 1898 Spanish-American War: United States Marines land in Cuba. 1906 The Flag of Sweden is adopted as the country's official national flag. 1907 The London Underground's Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway opens. 1911 George V is crowned King of the United Kingdom, succeeding his father, Edward VII, who had died in 1910. 1918 The Hammond Circus Train Wreck kills 86 people and injures 127 in Hammond, Indiana. 1919 Law student Jens Oliver Lisberg first raises the current Flag of the Faroe Islands in the village of Famjin. 1922 Herrin massacre: 19 strikeboarders and 2 union miners are killed in Herrin, Illinois. 1936 Austrian philosopher Moritz Schlick is murdered by a former student at the University of Vienna. 1937 Camille Chautemps becomes Prime Minister of France. 1940 France forced to sign armistice with Nazi Germany. 1941 Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, one of the most dramatic turning points of World War II. 1941 First Croatian anti-fascist armed unit (partisans) founded near Sisak, Croatia. 1941 June coup in Lithuania against the Soviets starts. 1942 Erwin Rommel is promoted to the rank of Field Marshal after the capture of Tobruk, in Libya. 1944 Opening day of the Soviet Union's Operation Bagration against Army Group Centre. 1945 World War II: The Battle of Okinawa comes to an end. 1950 The longship replica Ormen Friske , en route from Birka to Rotterdam, broke apart in the North Sea because of improper construction. All 15 crew members drowned. 1951 2000 1955 The Disney film Lady and the Tramp has its premiere. 1957 The Soviet Union launches an R-12 missile for the first time. 1962 An Air France Boeing 707 jet crashes in bad weather in Guadeloupe, West Indies killing 113 1963 Pope Paul VI elected by College of Cardinals. 1964 François Duvalier (Papa Doc) is officially declared "President for Life" in Haiti. 1974 In Hamburg, during the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the East Germany national football team defeats the West Germany national football team 1-0 in a Group Stage match, with the goal scored by Jürgen Sparwasser. 1976 Canadian House of Commons abolishes capital punishment. 1978 Pluto's moon Charon is discovered. 1984 William Schnoebelen and his wife Sharon are "saved" by a tract from Chick Publications. There is some debate over the reliability of this, however. 1986 Argentine footballer Diego Maradona scores the Hand of God goal and the "Goal of the Century" against England during the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico City. 1989 Dublin City University and University of Limerick are established in Ireland. 1990 Checkpoint Charlie in Berlin is removed. 1993 Dr. Charles Epstein of Tiburon, California, United States is injured by a mail bomb sent by the Unabomber. 1996 The Quake computer game is released. 2000 A ferry sinking on the Yangtze River in Sichuan province, China, kills 131 people. From 2001 2002 An earthquake in western Iran measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale kills more than 261 people 2003 The largest hailstone ever recorded falls from a thunderstorm in Aurora, Nebraska, United States. 2004 In Belgium, Marc Dutroux is sentenced to life in prison for kidnapping, raping and murdering young girls. 2006 At the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Ronaldo of Brazil equals Gerd Müller's overall World Cup goal-scoring record of 14. He beats the record five days later. 2008 Filipino ferry Princess of the Stars runs aground in a typhoon, killing around 800 people. 2009 Two Washington, DC metro trains collide, killing 9 people. 2010 The longest match in professional tennis history begins at Wimbledon, in which John Isner defeats Nicolas Mahut 70-68 in the fifth, and deciding, set two days later. 2012 President of Paraguay Fernando Lugo is removed from office by impeachment and is succeeded by Federico Franco. 2012 A Turkish Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter airplane is shot down by Syrian Armed Forces, killing both pilots on board. This worsens the already strained relations between Turkey and Syria. 2019 Mohamed Ould Ghazouani is elected President of Mauritania, in what would be the country's first peaceful transfer of power since gaining independence from France in 1960. Births Up to 1900 662 Emperor Ruizong of Tang of China (d. 716) 1000 Robert I, Duke of Normandy (d. 1035) 1680 Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish religious dissenter (d. 1754) 1684 Francesco Manfredini, Italian baroque composer (d. 1762) 1738 Jacques Delille, French poet and translator (d. 1813) 1757 George Vancouver, English navigator, naval surveyor (d. 1798) 1767 Wilhelm von Humboldt, German philosopher and statesman (d. 1835) 1792 James Baeumont Neilson, Scottish inventor (d. 1865) 1805 Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian jurist and activist (d. 1872) 1820 James Hutchison Stirling, Scottish physician and philosopher (d. 1909) 1821 Theodor Möbius, German philologist (d. 1890) 1830 Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist, professor and composer (d. 1915) 1837 Ernst Ziller, German architect (d. 1923) 1837 Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884) 1845 Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1906) 1856 H. Rider Haggard, writer (d. 1925) 1861 Maximilian von Spee, German admiral (d. 1914) 1864 Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician (d. 1909) 1871 Arthur Wynne, English-American inventor of the Crossword (d. 1945) 1871 William MacDougall, English psychologist and polymath (d. 1938) 1874 Viggo Jensen, Danish weightlifter, shooter, gymnast and athlete (d. 1930) 1874 Walter F. Otto, German scholar (d. 1958) 1876 Gwen John, Welsh painter (d. 1939) 1879 John J. Dempsey, American politician, 13th Governor of New Mexico (d. 1958) 1880 Johannes Drost, Dutch backstroke swimmer (d. 1954) 1884 James Rector, American sprinter (d. 1949) 1885 Milan Vidmar, Slovene electrical engineer and chess player (d. 1962) 1887 Julian Huxley, British biologist (d. 1975) 1888 Harold Ritz Burton, 45th Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1964) 1890 Aleksander Warma, Estonian commander and politician (d. 1970) 1892 Emil Telmanyi, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 1988) 1896 Leonard W. Murray, Canadian admiral (d. 1971) 1897 Norbert Elias, German sociologist (d. 1990) 1898 Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970) 1899 Michal Kalecki, Polish economist (d. 1970) 1899 Artur Kukk, Estonian wrestler (d. 1958) 1899 Richard Gurley Drew, American engineer (d. 1980) 1900 Oskar Fischinger, German animator, filmmaker and painter (d. 1967) 1901 1930 1902 Marguerite De La Motte, American movie actress (d. 1950) 1903 Carl Hubbell, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1988) 1903 John Dillinger, American bank robber (d. 1934) 1906 Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American writer and aviator (d. 2001) 1906 Billy Wilder, Austrian-born director (d. 2002) 1907 Marta Colvin, Chilean sculptor (d. 1995) 1909 Buddy Adler, American film producer (d. 1960) 1909 Katherine Dunham, American dancer (d. 2006) 1909 Mike Todd, American movie and theatre producer (d. 1958) 1910 John Hunt, Indian-British mountaineer (d. 1998) 1910 Peter Pears, English tenor (d. 1986) 1910 Konrad Zuse, German engineer (d. 1995) 1912 Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1983) 1919 Gower Champion, American dancer and choreographer (d. 1980) 1920 Paul Frees, cartoon voice-over artist (d. 1986) 1920 Jovito Salonga, Filipino politician (d. 2016) 1921 Joseph Papp, director, producer (d. 1991) 1922 Osvaldo Fattori, Italian footballer (d. 2017) 1924 Géza Vermes, Hungarian-British scholar (d. 2013) 1926 Tadeusz Konwicki, Polish writer and filmmaker (d. 2015) 1926 Rachid Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2014) 1928 Steingrimur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 2010) 1928 Ralph Waite, American actor (d. 2014) 1929 Bruce Kent, British social activist 1930 Yuri Artyukhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998) 1930 Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, son of Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, and young victim of crime (d. 1932) 1930 John Joseph Scanlan, Roman Catholic prelate 1930 Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (d. 2011) 1931 1950 1932 Amrish Puri, Indian actor (d. 2005) 1932 Prunella Scales, British actress 1932 Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Queen Consort of Iran (d. 2001) 1933 Dianne Feinstein, United States Senator and former Mayor of San Francisco 1933 Libor Pesek, Czech conductor 1936 Kris Kristofferson, American country music singer, songwriter and actor 1936 Hermeto Pascoal, Brazilian composer and musician 1936 Izatullo Khayoyev, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (d. 2015) 1937 Bernie McGann, American musician (d. 2013) 1938 Virginio De Paoli, Italian footballer (d. 2009) 1939 Robert Kramer, American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1999) 1939 Ada Yonath, Israeli chemist, Nobel Prize winner 1940 Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2016) 1940 Esther Rantzen, British television presenter 1941 Marco Aurélio Garcia, Brazilian politician (d. 2017) 1941 Ed Bradley, American journalist, 60 Minutes correspondent (d. 2006) 1943 Brit Hume, American FOX News anchor and commentator 1943 Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer and producer 1943 Klaus Maria Brandauer, Austrian actor 1944 Helmut Dietl, German movie director (d. 2015) 1944 Gérard Mourou, French physicist 1945 Rainer Brüderle, German politician 1946 Eliades Ochoa, Cuban guitarist (Buena Vista Social Club) 1946 Józef Oleksy, Polish politician (d. 2015) 1947 Octavia E. Butler, American science fiction author (d. 2006) 1947 David Lander, American actor, baseball scout (Laverne and Shirley) 1947 David Landau, British-Israeli journalist (d. 2015) 1947 Bruno Latour, French philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist 1947 Jerry Rawlings, former President of Ghana (d. 2020) 1948 Todd Rundgren, American singer, songwriter and recording producer 1949 Meryl Streep, American actress 1949 Lindsay Wagner, American actress 1949 Alan Osmond, American singer 1949 Larry Gunstrom, American bassist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) 1949 Elizabeth Warren, American politician 1949 Carlo Petrini, Italian journalist, activist and writer 1950 Zenonas Petrauskas, Lithuanian lawyer and politician (d. 2009) 1950 Adrian Nastase, Romanian politician 1951 1970 1951 Craig Gruber, American musician (d. 2015) 1952 Graham Greene, Canadian actor 1952 Alastair Stewart, English journalist and newsreader 1953 Cyndi Lauper, American singer 1953 Wim Eijk, Dutch archbishop 1954 Wolfgang Becker, German film director and writer 1954 Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (d. 1977) 1956 Wang Guozhen, Chinese poet (d. 2015) 1956 Shah Mehmood Qureshi, Pakistani politician 1956 Derek Forbes, Scottish musician (Simple Minds) 1957 Danny Baker, English comedy writer, journalist, DJ and screenwriter 1957 Arkadi Ghukasyan, former President of Nagorno-Karabakh 1958 Bruce Campbell, American actor 1960 Erin Brockovich, American activist 1960 Tracy Pollan, American actress 1961 Jimmy Somerville, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician 1962 Bobby Gillespie, Scottish singer and musician 1962 Clyde Drexler, former NBA player 1962 Campino, German singer 1962 Emmanuelle Seigner, French actress and musician 1963 Hokutoumi Nobuyoshi, Japanese sumo wrestler 1964 Amy Brenneman, American actress 1964 Miroslav Kadlec, Czech footballer 1964 Dan Brown, American writer (The Da Vinci Code) 1964 John Penrose, English politician 1965 Uwe Boll, German director 1965 L'ubomir Moravcik, Slovakian footballer 1968 Darrell Armstrong, American basketball player 1968 Melinda Nadj Abonji, Hungarian-Swiss writer and musician 1970 Michel Elefteriades, Greek-Lebanese politician and businessman 1970 Steven Page, Canadian singer (Barenaked Ladies) 1971 1985 1973 Carson Daly, American talk show host, MTV VJ 1974 Jo Cox, British politician (d. 2016) 1974 Joseph Vijay, Indian actor 1974 Sabina Nore, Austrian artist 1974 Donald Faison, American actor 1976 Gordon Moakes, English singer and musician 1978 Champ Bailey, American football player 1978 Dan Wheldon, British IRL race car driver (d. 2011) 1979 Jai Rodriguez, American television personality 1979 Leire Martinez, Basque singer and songwriter 1980 Ilya Bryzgalov, Russian ice hockey player 1981 Sione Lauaki, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2017) 1981 Chris Urbanowicz, British guitarist (Editors) 1981 Monty Oum, American animator (d. 2015) 1982 Soraia Chaves, Portuguese actress and model 1984 Janko Tipsarevic, Serbian tennis player 1984 Giorgos Apostolidis, Greek basketball player 1984 Dustin Johnson, American golfer 1984 Ruben Ivan Martinez, Spanish footballer 1985 Sofaklis Schortsanitis, Greek basketball player 1985 Rosa Kato, Italian-Japanese model and actress 1985 Scott MacIntyre, American singer-songwriter and pianist From 1986 1986 Dwayne Anderson, American basketball player 1986 Ramin Ott, American Samoan footballer 1987 Nikita Rukavytsya, Ukrainian-Australian footballer 1987 Danny Green, American basketball player 1987 Cory Gunz, American rapper and songwriter 1987 Lee Min Ho, South Korean actor, model and singer 1988 Portia Doubleday, American actress 1989 Jung Yong-hwa, South Korean musician, singer and songwriter 1989 Andreas Mikkelsen, Norwegian rally driver 1989 Karla Crome, British actress 1989 Cédric Mongongu, Congolese footballer 1990 Sebastian Jung, German footballer 1991 Giuseppe De Luca, Italian footballer 1991 Katie Jarvis, English actress 1991 Emil Larsen, Danish footballer 1993 Caydee Denney, American figure skater 1993 Loris Karius, German footballer 2006 Anna Hursey, Welsh table tennis player Deaths Up to 1950 431 Paulinus of Nola, Latin poet 1276 Pope Innocent V (b. 1225) 1429 Ghiyath al-Kashi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1380) 1535 John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, executed on Tower Hill (b. 1469) 1691 Suleiman II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1642) 1699 Josiah Child, English merchant, economist and politician (b. 1630) 1727 King George I of Great Britain (b. 1660) 1813 Anton Graff, Swiss painter (b. 1736) 1868 Heber C. Kimball, Mormon church leader (b. 1801) 1872 Rudecindo Alvarado, Argentine general (b. 1795) 1874 Howard Staunton, English chess player (b. 1810) 1892 Pierre Ossian Bonnet, French mathematician (b. 1819) 1896 Benjamin Bristow, American politician (b. 1832) 1905 Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815) 1913 Stefan Octavian Iosif, Romanian poet (b. 1875) 1925 Felix Klein, German mathematician (b. 1849) 1931 Armand Fallières, President of France (b. 1841) 1933 Henry Birkin, English racing driver (b. 1896) 1935 Szymon Askenazy, Polish historian, diplomat and politician (b. 1866) 1936 Moritz Schlick, German philosopher (b. 1882) 1942 August Froehlich, German priest and Resistance activist (b. 1891) 1945 Isamu Cho, Japanese general (b. 1895) 1945 Mitsuru Ushijima, Japanese general (b. 1887) 1945 Jambyl, KazakhstanI folk singer (b. 1846) 1951 2000 1956 Walter de la Mare, English author and poet (b. 1873) 1959 Hermann Brill, German politician (b. 1895) 1961 Maria of Yugoslavia, Romanian-born Consort of Yugoslavia (b. 1900) 1965 David O. Selznick, American movie producer (b. 1902) 1969 Judy Garland, American singer and actress (b. 1922) 1974 Darius Milhaud, French composer (b. 1892) 1977 Jacqueline Audry, French director and screenwriter (b. 1908) 1978 Jens Otto Krag, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1914) 1979 Louis Chiron, Monegasque racing driver (b. 1899) 1987 Fred Astaire, American dancer and actor (b. 1899) 1988 Dennis Day, American singer and actor (b. 1916) 1990 Ilya Frank, Russian physicist (b. 1908) 1992 Chuck Mitchell, American actor (b. 1927) 1993 Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (b. 1912) 1995 Al Hansen, American artist, grandfather of rock musician Beck (b. 1927) 1995 Yves Congar, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1904) 1997 Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician and diplomat (b. 1919) From 2001 2001 Luis Carniglia, Argentine footballer and coach (b. 1917) 2002 Darryl Kile, American Major League baseball player (b. 1968) 2002 Ann Landers, American writer (b. 1918) 2004 Mattie Stepanek, American poet (b. 1990) 2004 Bob Bemer, American computer pioneer (b. 1920) 2008 George Carlin, American comedian and actor (b. 1937) 2013 Allan Simonsen, Danish racing driver (b. 1978) 2013 Henning Larsen, Danish architect (b. 1925) 2013 Peter Fraser, Baron Fraser of Carmyllie, Scottish politician (b. 1945) 2014 Fouad Ajami, Lebanese-American university professor and writer (b. 1945) 2015 Laura Antonelli, Italian actress (b. 1941) 2015 James Horner, American film score composer (b. 1953) 2015 James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife, Scottish nobleman (b. 1929) 2016 Amjad Sabri, Pakistani singer (b. 1970) 2016 Joan Acker, American sociologist (b. 1924) 2016 John William Ashe, Antiguan diplomat (b. 1954) 2016 Vasily Bochkaryov, Russian politician (b. 1949) 2016 Jim Boyd, American singer-songwriter (b. 1956) 2016 Marc Allan Feldman, American physician and politician (b. 1960) 2016 David J. Hickson, British theorist (b. 1931) 2016 Harry Rabinowitz, British composer and conductor (b. 1916) 2017 Gunter Gabriel, German singer, musician and composer (b. 1942) 2017 Frank Kush, American football player (b. 1929) 2017 Keith Loneker, American football player and actor (b. 1971) 2017 Quett Masire, 2nd President of Botswana (b. 1925) 2017 Nikolai Zhugan, Soviet-Russian pilot (b. 1917) 2018 Geoff Case, Australian rules football player (b. 1935) 2018 Nahum Korzhavin, Russian-American poet (b. 1925) 2018 Dick Leitsch, American LGBT rights activist (b. 1935) 2018 Deanna Lund, American actress (b. 1937) 2018 Geoffrey Oryema, Ugandan-born French guitarist (b. 1953) 2018 Vinnie Paul, American rock music drummer (b. 1964) 2018 Waldir Pires, Brazilian politician (b. 1926) 2018 Sally Pierone, American art director and psychiatrist (b. 1921) 2019 Judith Krantz, American author (b. 1928) 2019 Leevi Lehto, Finnish poet, translator and programmer (b. 1951) 2019 Se'are Mekonnen, Ethiopian army officer 2019 Stepan Shakaryan, Azerbaijani-Armenian composer (b. 1935) Holidays Roman Catholic Church: Feast day of Thomas More Anti-Fascist Struggle Day (Croatia) Teachers' Day (El Salvador) Days of the year

10034

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2023

June 23

Events Up to 1900 229 Sun Quan declares himself Chinese Emperor of the Wu Dynasty. 1280 The Emirate of Granada defeats the Kingdom of Castile in the Battle of Moclin. 1295 Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome. 1305 Flemish-French peace treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge. 1314 Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England and Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland. 1532 Henry VIII & François I sign secret treaty against Emperor Charles V. 1611 The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in the Atlantic Ocean; they are never heard from again. 1661 Marriage contract between Charles II of England and Catharina of Portugal. 1683 William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Native Americans in Pennsylvania. 1713 French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada. 1724 Russia and Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople. 1757 Battle of Plassey – 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj-ud-Dawlah at Plassey. 1758 Seven Years War: Battle of Krefeld – British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany. 1760 Seven Years War: Battle of Landshut – Austria beats Prussia. 1794 Empress Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kyiv. 1810 John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company. 1812 War of 1812: The United Kingdom removes the restrictions on American commerce, therefore eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war. 1848 Beginning of the June Days Uprising in Paris. 1858 Six-year-old Edgardo Mortara is seized by Papal authorities. 1860 The US Congress establishes the Government Printing Office. 1865 American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army. 1868 Christopher Latham Sholes receives a patent for the typewriter. 1887 The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park. 1888 Frederick Douglass is the first African-American nominated for US president. 1894 International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. 1897 The first women's international chess tournament begins in London. 1901 2000 1913 Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran. 1914 Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta 1915 First wholesale slaughter of Armenian men in Harput (Kharpert), Turkey. 1919 Estonian War of Independence: Decisive defeat of the "Baltische Landswehr" in the Battle of Cesis. 1924 German serial killer Fritz Haarmann is captured. 1925 Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak at 5959 metres above sea level, in the Yukon, is climbed for the first time, by a team of 6 climbers, led by Albert MacCarthy. 1931 Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane. 1938 The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States. 1938 Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida. 1940 World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now-occupied France. 1941 Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence (June independence) of Lithuania from Soviet Union; it was only brief however as Nazis occupied Lithuania a few weeks later. 1942 Holocaust: The first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place, on a train full of Jews from Paris. 1943 World War II: British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Asciangihi in the Mediterranean Sea, after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland. 1944 Thomas Mann becomes a US citizen. 1946 An earthquake strikes Vancouver Island. 1947 The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act. 1956 Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt. 1958 The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers. 1959 Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career). 1959 A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim, Norway kills 34 people. 1960 Japan signs security treaty with the U.S. 1961 Having been signed on December 1, 1959, the Antarctic Treaty goes into effect. 1967 Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference. 1968 74 are killed and 150 injured in a soccer stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium. 1969 Warren E. Burger is sworn in as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring chief Earl Warren. 1972 Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins. 1974 In Switzerland, the Canton of Jura separates from the Canton of Bern. 1979 Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980. 1983 Pope John Paul II meets imprisoned Solidarity leader Lech Walesa in Poland. 1985 A Boeing 747 carrying Air India Flight 182 blew up at 31,000 feet (9500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, South of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard. 1989 The movie Batman is released in the United States. 1990 Moldova declares independence. 1992 Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2. 1992 Yitzhak Rabin wins the Israeli parliamentary elections. 2000 A ferry sinks on the Yangtze river, near Luzhou, in China's Sichuan province, killing 131 people. From 2001 2001 A magnitude 8.4 earthquake strikes off the coast of Peru. 2006 Harriet the tortoise dies as one of the world's oldest living creatures, aged around 176 years. 2013 Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tightrope. 2013 The health of former South African President Nelson Mandela is first reported to be in a "critical" state. 2014 Three journalists working for Al-Jazeera are sentenced to prison in Egypt on accusations of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood. 2016 The Colombian government and FARC guerrillas sign a peace treaty. 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum: A majority (51.9%) vote to leave the European Union, making the United Kingdom the first independent country to do so. Majorities in Scotland, Northern Ireland and London all vote to remain. 2018 Thousands of people protest in Central London against Brexit, two years to the day of the United Kingdom's narrow-majority vote to leave the European Union. 2018 A bomb is detonated at a political rally attended by Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa, in what is considered as an attempt to kill him. 2018 Tham Luang cave rescue: 12 boys and their assistant football coach get stuck in the Tham Luang cave in northern Thailand; they are discovered alive on July 2, with the internationally followed rescue being completed on July 10. 2019 Ekrem Imamoglu wins the re-run of the mayoral election in Istanbul, Turkey's largest city; he defeats Binali Yildirim, who was formerly Prime minister of Turkey in Recep Tayyip Erdogan's AK Party. Births Up to 1900 47 BC Ptolemy Caesarion of Egypt (d. 30 BC) 1373 Queen Joan II of Naples (d. 1435) 1435 Francis II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1488) 1456 Margaret of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland (d. 1486) 1534 Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582) 1612 André Tacquet, Flemish mathematician (d. 1660) 1668 Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher and historian (d. 1744) 1703 Marie Leszczynska, Queen Consort of France (d. 1768) 1711 Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, Italian instrument maker (d. 1786) 1763 Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (d. 1814) 1772 Cristobal Mendoza, 1st President of Venezuela (d. 1829) 1800 Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (d. 1846) 1815 Robert Milligan McLane, American politician and diplomat (d. 1898) 1824 Carl Reinecke, German musician and composer (d. 1910) 1863 Sándor Bródy, Hungarian author and journalist (d. 1924) 1875 Carl Milles, Swedish sculptor (d. 1955) 1875 Norman Pritchard, Indian athlete (d. 1929) 1884 Cyclone Taylor, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1979) 1887 Ernst Rowohlt, German publisher (d. 1960) 1888 Bronson M. Cutting, American politician (d. 1935) 1888 Lee Moran, American actor (d. 1961) 1889 Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (d. 1966) 1894 King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (d. 1972) 1894 Alfred Kinsey, American entomologist and sexologist (d. 1956) 1897 Alexandru Giugaru, Romanian actor (d. 1986) 1901 1950 1906 King Tribhuvan of Nepal (d. 1955) 1907 James Meade, English economist (d. 1995) 1909 Georges Rouquier, French actor, movie director and screenwriter (d. 1989) 1910 Milt Hinton, American jazz musician (d. 1990) 1910 Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (d. 1987) 1910 Gordon B. Hinckley, American Mormon leader (d. 2008) 1912 Alan Turing, British mathematician (d. 1954) 1913 William P. Rogers, American politician (d. 2001) 1916 Ernst Willimowski, Polish footballer (d. 1987) 1919 Hermann Gmeiner, founder of SOS Children's Villages (d. 1986) 1919 Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian political leader (d. 1992) 1923 Johnny Barnes, Bermudian entertainer (d. 2016) 1923 Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance activist (d. 1945) 1923 Walter Wolfgang, German-British socialist and peace activist (d. 2019) 1925 John Shepherd-Barron, Scottish inventor (d. 2010) 1925 Art Modell, American businessman (d. 2012) 1925 Oliver Smithies, British-American geneticist (d. 2017) 1926 Arnaldo Pomodoro, Italian sculptor 1927 Bob Fosse, American choreographer (d. 1987) 1928 Klaus von Dohnanyi, former Mayor of Hamburg 1929 June Carter Cash, American singer (d. 2003) 1930 Donn F. Eisele, American colonel, pilot and astronaut (d. 1987) 1931 Ola Ullsten, former Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 2018) 1931 Gunnar Uusi, Estonian chess player (d. 1981) 1935 Maurice Ferré, 32nd Mayor of Miami, Florida 1936 Richard Bach, American writer and pilot 1936 Jan Hoet, Belgian art historian (d. 2014) 1936 Costas Simitis, former Prime Minister of Greece 1937 Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland 1940 Stuart Sutcliffe, British musician (d. 1962) 1940 Wilma Rudolph, American runner (d. 1994) 1940 Adam Faith, English singer and actor (d. 2003) 1940 Derry Irvine, Scottish lawyer, judge and politician 1940 Willie Wallace, Scottish footballer 1942 Martin Rees, English cosmologist and astrophysicist 1943 Albert Pintat, former Prime Minister of Andorra 1943 James Levine, American conductor 1943 Vint Cerf, American computer scientist and author 1945 John Garang, South Sudanese politician (d. 2005) 1948 Clarence Thomas, American jurist 1948 Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian author (d. 2015) 1950 Orani Joao Tempesta, Brazilian cardinal 1951 1975 1951 Michèle Mouton, French rally driver 1951 Sergei Skripal, Russian double-agent 1953 Armen Sarkissian, former Prime Minister and current President of Armenia 1955 Maggie Philbin, English television and radio presenter 1955 Jean Tigana, French footballer 1956 Randy Jackson, American music producer 1957 Frances McDormand, American actress 1957 Jochen Schweizer, German entrepreneur 1960 Tatsuya Uemura, Japanese musician and programmer 1960 Donald Harrison, American saxophonist, composer and producer 1960 Fadil Vokrri, Kosovar footballer (d. 2018) 1961 Andrea Borella, Italian fencer 1961 John Nicolson, Scottish politician 1963 Colin Montgomery, Scottish golfer 1964 Joss Whedon, American television director and movie director 1964 Kenji Honnami, Japanese footballer 1965 Paul Arthurs, British guitarist (Oasis) 1969 Fernanda Ribeiro, Portuguese athlete 1970 Yann Tiersen, French musician and songwriter 1972 Zinedine Zidane, French footballer 1972 Go Oiwa, Japanese footballer 1972 Selma Blair, American actress 1973 Marie N, Latvian singer 1973 Eisuke Nakanishi, Japanese footballer 1975 KT Tunstall, Scottish singer 1975 Shuhei Terada, Japanese footballer From 1976 1976 Patrick Vieira, French footballer 1976 Emmanuelle Vaugier, Canadian actress, singer, songwriter and model 1977 Hayden Foxe, Australian footballer 1977 Miguel Angel Angulo, Spanish footballer 1977 Jason Mraz, American singer 1978 Memphis Bleek, American rapper 1978 Frédéric Leclercq, French singer-songwriter and musician 1980 Francesca Schiavone, Italian tennis player 1980 Melissa Rauch, American actress 1981 Antony Costa, British singer (Blue) 1982 Derek Boogaard, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011) 1983 José Manuel Rojas, Chilean footballer 1984 Takeshi Matsuda, Japanese swimmer 1984 Duffy, Welsh singer 1987 Alessia Filippi, Italian swimmer 1988 Chellsie Memmel, American gymnast 1989 Jordan Nolan, Canadian ice hockey player 1989 Ayana Taketatsu, Japanese voice actress 1989 Lauren Bennett, British dancer, singer and model 1989 Billie Kay, American professional wrestler 1991 Katie Armiger, American singer 1992 Luiza Galiulina, Uzbek gymnast 1995 Hao Yun, Chinese swimmer 1995 Danna Paola, Mexican singer and actress 2004 Mana Ashida, Japanese actress and singer Deaths Up to 2000 79 Vespasian, Roman Emperor (b. 9) 679 Aethelthryth, Queen of Northumbria 1018 Henry I, Margrave of Austria 1222 Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1179) 1516 Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452) 1555 Pedro Mascarenhas, Portuguese explorer (b. 1470) 1565 Dragut, Ottoman general (b. 1485) 1582 Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese military leader (b. 1537) 1615 Mashita Nagamori, Japanese warlord (b. 1545) 1677 William Louis, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1647) 1686 William Coventry, English statesman (b. 1628) 1691 Suleiman II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1642) 1707 John Mill, English theologian (b. 1645) 1779 Mikael Sehul, Ethiopian warlord (b. 1691) 1806 Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French zoologist and philosopher (b. 1723) 1832 James Hall, Scottish geologist (b. 1761) 1836 James Mill, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1773) 1856 Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (b. 1806) 1881 Matthias Jakob Scheiden, German botanist (b. 1804) 1891 Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (b. 1804) 1893 William Fox, four-times Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1812) 1893 Theophilus Shepstone, British-South African politician (b. 1817) 1914 Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian philosopher and spiritual reformist (b. 1838) 1926 Jon Magnusson, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1859) 1945 Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance activist (b. 1923) 1959 Boris Vian, French polymath (b. 1920) 1970 Roscoe Turner, American aviator (b. 1895) 1980 Varahagiri Venkata Giri, 4th President of India (b. 1894) 1980 Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi (b. 1946) 1981 Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1907) 1986 Moses I. Finley, British historian (b. 1912) 1991 Lea Padovani, Italian movie actress (b. 1920) 1995 Anatoly Tarasov, Russian ice hockey coach (b. 1918) 1995 Jonas Salk, American biologist and physician (b. 1914) 1996 Andreas Papandreou, former Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919) 1997 Betty Shabazz, American activist (b. 1934) 1998 Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911) 1999 Buster Merryfield, English actor (b. 1920) 2000 Peter Dubovsky, Slovakian footballer (b. 1972) From 2001 2001 Yvonne Dionne, one of the Dionne Quintuplets (b. 1934) 2001 Corinne Calvet, French actress (b. 1925) 2006 Aaron Spelling, American TV producer (b. 1923) 2006 Harriet, Galapagos Tortoise (b. 1830) 2008 Arthur Chung, former President of Guyana (b. 1918) 2009 Hanne Hiob, German actress (b. 1923) 2009 Ed McMahon, American television personality (b. 1923) 2010 Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (b. 1925) 2011 Gene Colan, American comic book artist (b. 1926) 2011 Dennis Marshall, Costa Rican footballer (b. 1985) 2011 Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927) 2012 Alan McDonald, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1963) 2012 Brigitte Engerer, French pianist (b. 1952) 2013 Bobby Bland, American singer-songwriter (b. 1930) 2013 Richard Matheson, American author (b. 1926) 2014 Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor (b. 1960) 2015 Chris Woodhead, English educationist (b. 1946) 2015 Helmuth Lohner, Austrian actor and theatre director (b. 1933) 2015 Dick Van Patten, American actor (b. 1928) 2015 Harvey Pollack, American sport statistician (b. 1922) 2015 Thé Lau, Dutch singer and guitarist (b. 1952) 2015 Magali Noël, French actress and singer (b. 1931) 2016 James Green, American historian (b. 1944) 2016 Stanley Mandelstam, American theoretical physicist (b. 1928) 2016 Ralph Stanley, American musician (b. 1927) 2017 Saman Kelegama, Sri Lankan economist (b. 1959) 2017 Tonny van der Linden, Dutch footballer (b. 1932) 2017 Mr. Pogo, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1951) 2017 Gabe Pressman, American journalist (b. 1924) 2017 Betty Metcalf, American politician (b. 1921) 2018 Alberto Fouilloux, Chilean footballer (b. 1940) 2018 Donald Hall, American poet (b. 1928) 2018 Kim Jong-pil, Prime minister of South Korea (b. 1926) 2018 Violeta Rivas, Argentine singer and actress (b. 1937) 2019 Peter Ball, English bishop and convicted sex offender (b. 1932) 2019 Dave Bartholomew, American musician, bandleader and songwriter (b. 1918) 2019 Andrey Kharitonov, Russian actor (b. 1959) 2019 Fernando Roldán, Chilean footballer (b. 1920) 2019 George Rosenkranz, Hungarian-Mexican chemist (b. 1916) 2019 Abdul Sattar, Pakistani political scientist and diplomat (b. 1931) Observances National Day of Luxembourg (Grand Duke's official birthday) Saint John's Eve, midsummer celebrations in some Northern Hemisphere countries New Year in the Mapuche culture in southern Chile, related to the Southern Hemisphere's Winter solstice United Nations Public Service Day Victory Day (Estonia) Father's Day (Poland, Nicaragua and Uganda) Okinawa Memorial Day (after end of Battle of Okinawa) Days of the year

10035

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2024

June 24

Events Up to 1900 79 - Titus becomes Roman Emperor after the previous day's death of his father, Vespasian. 109 - Roman Emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometers northwest of Rome. 972 - Battle of Cedynia: First documented victory of Polish forces takes place. 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Afonso I beat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava. After this battle, the future king calls himself "Prince of Portugal", the first step towards "official independence" in 1143. 1230 - The Siege of Jaén starts in the context of the Spanish Recoquista. 1314 – End of the Battle of Bannockburn. Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce beat Edward II of England. Scotland regains its independence. 1340 - Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys - The French fleet is almost destroyed by the English fleet commanded personally by King Edward III of England. 1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John's Dance causes people in the streets of Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion. 1441 – Eton College is founded. 1497 – John Cabot lands on North America in Newfoundland; first European discovery of the region since the Vikings. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London 1509 – Henry VIII is crowned King of England. 1534 – Jacques Cartier makes the European discovery of Prince Edward Island. 1535 – The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded. 1571 - Miguel Lopez de Legazpi founds Manila. 1597 – The first Dutch voyage to the East Indies reaches Bantam (on Java). 1604 – Edward De Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford dies. Leading candidate for true authorship of the Shakespeare canon. 1622 - Battle of Macau: The Dutch fail in an attempt to capture Macau. 1662 – The Dutch attempt but fail to capture Macao. 1664 – The colony of New Jersey is founded. 1692 – Kingston, Jamaica is founded. 1779 - American Revolutionary War: The Great Siege of Gibraltar begins. 1793 – First republican constitution in France adopted. 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's invasion of Russia begins. 1813 - Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army. 1821 – Battle of Carabobo: Venezuela gains total independence from Spain. 1859 – Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns). Sardinia and France defeat Austria in northern Italy. 1861 – Tennessee becomes the 11th and last state to secede from the US. 1880 – First performance of O Canada, the song that would become the national anthem of Canada, at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. 1894 – The IOC decides to hold the Olympic Games every four years. 1901 2000 1901 – First exhibition of Pablo Picasso's work opens. 1902 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom develops appendicitis, delaying his coronation. 1910 – Japan invades Korea. 1913 – Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria. 1913 – Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia. 1916 – Mary Pickford becomes first movie star to get million dollar contract. 1918 – First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto. 1918 – The giant cannon Big Bertha begins bombardments on Paris 1932 – A military coup ends the absolute power of the king of Siam (Thailand). 1938 - Pieces of meteor, estimated to have weighed 450 metric tons when it explodes in the Earth's atmosphere, lands near Chicora, Pennsylvania. 1939 - Siam is renamed Thailand for the first time, by Prime Minister Plaek Pibulsonggram. 1940 – France and Italy sign an armistice. 1941 – Government of briefly independent Lithuania conducts its first meeting under prime minister Juozas Ambrazevičius 1945 – The U.S.S.R. capture the Free Republic of Schwarzenberg. 1946 – Georges Bidault becomes Prime Minister of France 1947 – First known sighting of UFOs: Kenneth Arnold, flying over Washington, USA, notices nine luminous disks in the form of saucers. 1948 – Start of the Berlin Blockade. The Soviet Union makes overland travel between the West with West Berlin impossible. 1957 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment. 1963 – Zanzibar is granted internal self-government by the UK. 1967 - The UK's worst caving disaster kills 6 people at Mossdale Caverns. 1974 – The UPC label is used for the first time to ring up purchases at a supermarket. 1975 – An Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashes at John F. Kennedy Airport, New York. 113 people die. 1981 – For what would be the world's longest single-span suspension bridge for 17 years, the Humber Bridge, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, opens. 1982 – British Airways flight 9 flies into volcanic ash erupting from Mount Galunggung in Indonesia, causing all four of its engines to fail. 1982 - Jean-Loup Chrétien becomes the first French person to go into space. 1983 – Sally Ride, first female American astronaut, returns to earth. 1983 – Yasser Arafat banned from Damascus. 1989 - Jiang Zemin becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. 1993 – Yale computer science professor Dr. David Gelernter loses the sight in one eye, the hearing in one ear, and part of his right hand after receiving a mailbomb from the Unabomber. 1995 - South Africa wins the Rugby Union World Cup in front of its home crowd. Nelson Mandela famously hands the trophy to team captain Francois Pienaar. 1996 – Michael Johnson breaks the world record in the 200 metres with a time of 19.66 seconds 1999 – The guitar with which Eric Clapton recorded Layla is sold at auction for the astounding price of $497,500. From 2001 2002 – The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281 people. 2003 - Air France's last Concorde flight takes place. 2004 - In the state of New York, capital punishment is declared unconstitutional. 2005 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is elected to his first term as President of Iran. 2007 – Before becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (on June 27) Gordon Brown succeeds Tony Blair as leader of the Labour Party. 2010 – Julia Gillard becomes the first female Prime Minister of Australia, succeeding Kevin Rudd. 2010 – The longest match in the history of professional tennis ends at Wimbledon, after two days. John Isner beats Nicolas Mahut 70-68 in the deciding set. 2012 - Lonesome George, the last-known surviving Pinta Island tortoise, dies in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, aged around 100. His sub-species is therefore considered to be extinct. 2012 - Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood is declared the winner of the previous week's Presidential election in Egypt. 2014 - Albania officially becomes an EU candidate country. 2014 - Uruguayan footballer Luis Suárez is involved in a biting controversy at the 2014 FIFA World Cup when cameras show him biting Italy's Giorgio Chiellini during a match. He is suspended from competitive games for four months. 2016 - David Cameron announces his intention to resign as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after 51.9% of British voters decided to leave the European Union in a referendum. 2017 - 15 people are killed and 93 are missing after a landslide hits Xinmo village in Sichuan, People's Republic of China. Births Up to 1800 1244 Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (died 1308) 1293 Joan the Lame, Queen of France (died 1348) 1314 Philippa of Hainaut, Queen Consort of Edward III of England (died 1369) 1343 Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre (died 1373) 1386 John of Capistrano, Italian saint (died 1456) 1413 John IV, Marquess of Montferrat (died 1464) 1485 Johannes Bugenhagen, German reformer (died 1558) 1519 Theodore Beza, French theologian and reformer (died 1605) 1532 Edzard II, Count of East Frisia (died 1599) 1532 William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (died 1592) 1532 Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (died 1588) 1535 Joan of Spain, Spanish-born Queen Consort of Portugal (died 1573) 1542 Saint John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (died 1591) 1661 Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyo (died 1730) 1694 Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Swiss theorist (died 1748) 1704 Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French aristocrat (died 1771) 1740 Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist (died 1829) 1755 Anarchasis Clats, Prussian-born French revolutionary (died 1794) 1767 Jean-Baptiste Benoit Eyries, French geographer, author and translator (died 1846) 1770 Albrecht Berblinger, German inventor (died 1829) 1774 Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine military commander (died 1819) 1777 John Ross, naval officer and explorer (died 1856) 1782 Juan Larrea, Argentine politician and merchant (died 1847) 1784 Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan revolutionary and political figure (died 1853) 1795 Ernst Heinrich Weber, anatomist and physiologist (died 1878) 1801 1900 1803 George James Webb, composer (died 1887) 1804 Willard Richards, American religious leader (died 1854) 1811 John Archibald Campbell, American jurist (died 1889) 1813 Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (died 1887) 1818 Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (died 1901) 1821 Guillermo Rawson, Argentine politician (died 1890) 1825 Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (died 1844) 1826 George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (died 1898) 1833 Gustaf Akerhielm, Prime Minister of Sweden (died 1900) 1838 Jan Matejko, Polish painter (died 1893) 1842 Ambrose Bierce, American writer (died 1914) 1850 Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British general, original Order of Merit member (died 1916) 1852 Victor Adler, Austrian politician (died 1918) 1860 Mercedes of Orléans, Queen of Spain (died 1878) 1869 Prince George of Greece and Denmark (died 1957) 1869 Caroline Furness, American astronomer (died 1936) 1880 Oswald Veblen, American mathematician (died 1960) 1882 Carl Diem, German sports scientist and Olympic official (died 1962) 1883 Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born American physicist (died 1964) 1883 Frank Venner, American runner (died 1966) 1884 Frank Waller, American athlete (died 1941) 1888 Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (died 1964) 1893 Roy O. Disney, American businessman (died 1971) 1895 Jack Dempsey, American boxer (died 1983) 1898 Karl Selter, Estonian politician (died 1958) 1901 1925 1901 Harry Partch, composer (died 1974) 1906 Pierre Fournier, French cellist (died 1986) 1907 Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet (died 1989) 1908 Hugo Distler, German composer (died 1942) 1908 Guru Gopinath Indian classical dancer (died 1987) 1908 Alfons Rebane, Estonian colonel (died 1976) 1909 Jean Deslauriers, Canadian conductor, violinist and composer (died 1978) 1909 William Penney, English mathematician (died 1991) 1909 David Rose, composer, musician (died 1990) 1911 Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (died 1995) 1911 Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer and physicist (died 2011) 1912 Mary Wesley, British writer (died 2002) 1913 Gustaaf Detoor, Belgian cyclist (died 2002) 1914 Robert Aickman, writer (died 1981) 1915 Fred Hoyle, cosmologist and science fiction writer (died 2001) 1916 William B. Saxbe, 70th United States Attorney General (died 2010) 1917 David Easton, Canadian political scientist (died 2014) 1919 Al Molinaro, American actor (died 2015) 1922 Tata Giacobetti, Italian singer and lyricist (Quartetto Cetra) (died 1988) 1922 Jack Carter, American comedian and actor (died 2015) 1923 Margaret Olley, Australian artist (died 2011) 1923 Marc Riboud, French photographer 1923 Cesare Romiti, Italian businessman and economist 1923 Yves Bonnefoy, French poet (died 2016) 1924 Kurt Furgler, Swiss politician (died 2008) 1926 1950 1926 Walter Hirrlinger, German politician (died 2018) 1927 Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist (died 2014) 1927 James B. Edwards, American politician, 110th Governor of South Carolina and 3rd United States Secretary of Energy (died 2014) 1928 M. S. Viswanathan, Indian film score composer (died 2015) 1928 Yvan Delporte, Belgian comics writer (died 2007) 1928 Wolfgang Altenburg, German general 1929 Carolyn S. Shoemaker, American astronomer 1930 Claude Chabrol, French movie director (died 2010) 1930 Dave Creighton, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2017) 1931 Billy Casper, American golfer (died 2015) 1933 Sam Jones, American basketball player 1937 Anita Desai, American novelist 1938 Lawrence Block, American writer 1938 Albufaz Elchibey, former President of Azerbaijan 1940 Vittorio Storaro, Italian cinematographer 1940 Augusto Fantozzi, Italian lawyer and politician (died 2019) 1941 Charles Whitman, American murderer (died 1966) 1942 Colin Groves, Australian primatologist (died 2017) 1942 Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, former President of Chile 1942 Michele Lee, actress 1944 Jeff Beck, British guitarist (Yardbirds) 1944 Chris Wood, British musician (died 1983) 1945 Colin Blunstone, American musician (The Zombies) 1945 George Pataki, former Governor of New York 1945 Betty Stöve, Dutch tennis player 1946 Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (died 1986) 1946 Robert Reich, American politician and political commentator 1947 Clarissa Dickson Wright, English cookery writer and broadcaster (died 2014) 1947 Mick Fleetwood, British musician (Fleetwood Mac) 1949 Betty Jackson, English fashion designer (born in Lancashire) 1949 John Illsey, English guitarist (Dire Straits) 1949 Brigitte Mohnhaupt, German militant, member of the Red Army Faction 1950 Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (d. 2015) 1950 Wilfried, Austrian singer and actor (d. 2017) 1950 Moshe Ya'alon, Israeli politician 1951 1975 1951 Ivar Formo, Norwegian cross-country skier (died 2006) 1951 Raelene Boyle, Australian athlete 1951 Simon Rouse, English actor 1952 Dianna Melrose, English diplomat 1953 William E. Moerner, American chemist and physicist 1953 Garry Shider, musician (P Funk) 1954 Mark Edmondson, Australian tennis player 1956 Owen Paterson, British politician 1956 Joe Penny, American actor 1957 Astro, English rapper (UB40) 1957 Mark Parkinson, 45th Governor of Kansas 1958 Jean Charest, Quebec politician 1959 Andy McCluskey, British singer, songwriter and musician 1960 Elish Angiolini, Scottish judge 1960 Trisha Meili, writer 1961 Iain Glen, Scottish actor 1961 Bernie Nicholls, Canadian ice hockey player 1963 Mike Wieringo, American comic book artist (died 2007) 1963 Preki, Serbian-American footballer 1966 Adrienne Shelly, American actress (died 2006) 1966 Milena Bertolini, Italian footballer and coach 1967 Richard Kruspe-Bernstein, German guitarist (Rammstein) 1967 Sherry Stringfield, American actress 1969 Sissel Kyrkjebø, Norwegian singer 1970 Glenn Medeiros, Hawaiian singer and songwriter 1971 Ji Jin-hee, South Korean actor 1971 Christopher Showerman, American actor 1972 Robbie McEwen, Australian cyclist 1973 Alexander Beyer, German actor 1973 Jere Lehtinen, Finnish ice hockey player 1974 Chris Guccione, American baseball player and umpire 1975 Marek Malik, Czech ice hockey player 1975 Federico Pucciarello, Argentine-Italian rugby player From 1976 1977 Dimos Dikoudis, Greek basketball player 1978 Luis García, Spanish footballer 1978 Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer 1978 Juan Román Riquelme, Argentine footballer 1978 Erno "Emppu" Vuorinen, Finnish guitarist (Nightwish) 1979 Petra Nemcova, Czech model 1979 Dafydd Jones, Welsh rugby player 1980 Cicinho, Brazilian footballer 1980 Minka Kelly, American actress 1980 John Bryant Davila, American actor 1981 Siddharth Nair, cartoonist and writer 1982 Kevin Nolan, English footballer 1982 Christian Montero, Costa Rican footballer 1982 Jarret Stoll, Canadian ice hockey player 1983 Rebecca Cooke, English swimmer 1985 Diego Alves, Brazilian footballer 1986 Stuart Broad, English cricketer 1986 Solange Knowles, American actress and singer 1987 LiSA, Japanese singer and musician 1987 Lionel Messi, Argentine footballer 1988 Micah Richards, English footballer 1991 Rie Kitahara, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48) 1992 David Alaba, Austrian footballer 1992 Raven Goodwin, American actress 1992 Stuart Hogg, Scottish rugby player 1992 Sam Morrison, Welsh cyclist 1993 Piero Barone, Italian singer (Il Volo) 1993 Beanie Feldstein, American actress Deaths Up to 1950 238 Maximius Thrax, Roman Emperor (born 173) 803 Higbald, Bishop of Lindisfarne 1195 Albert I, Margrave of Meissen (born 1158) 1314 Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester (born 1291) 1314 Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (born 1274) 1398 Hongwu Emperor of China, founder of the Ming Dynasty (born 1328) 1439 Frederick IV of Austria, Regent of Tyrol and Further Austria 1519 Lucrezia Borgia, duchess of Ferrara (born 1480) 1520 Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese samurai commander (born 1489) 1564 Rani Durgavati, Indian queen (born 1524) 1604 Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England (born 1550) 1637 Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (born 1580) 1766 Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician (born 1678) 1803 Matthew Thornton, signer of the US Declaration of Independence (born 1714) 1817 Thomas McKean, American lawyer and politician (born 1769) 1835 Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral and politician (born 1769) 1882 Joachim Raff, German-Swiss composer (born 1822) 1894 Marie François Sadi Carnot, French statesman (born 1837) 1908 Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (born 1837) 1909 Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (born 1849) 1922 Walther Rathenau, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1867, assassinated) 1931 Otto Mears, Russian-American businessman (born 1840) 1931 Xiang Zhongfa, Chinese Communist politician (born 1880) 1935 Carlos Gardel, Argentine singer-songwriter (born 1890) 1947 Emil Seidel, American politician and Mayor of Milwaukee (born 1864) From 1951 1953 George Herbert Walker, grandfather of US President George H. W. Bush (born 1875) 1968 Tony Hancock, British comedian (born 1924) 1984 Clarence Campbell, Canadian president of the National Hockey League (born 1905) 1987 Jackie Gleason, American actor and musician (born 1916) 1988 Marta Abba, Italian actress (b. 1900) 1989 Hibari Misora, Japanese singer and actress (born 1937) 1993 Archie Williams, American sprinter (b. 1915) 2000 Vera Atkins, Special Operations Executive intelligence officer (born 1908) 2000 Rodrigo Bueno, Argentine singer-songwriter (born 1973) 2002 Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (born 1913) 2004 Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, Greek songwriter (born 1957) 2007 Nancy Benoit, American professional wrestler (born 1964) 2007 Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (born 1967) 2007 Hans Sturm, German footballer (born 1935) 2007 Natasja Saad, Danish reggae and dance hall artist (born 1924) 2009 Roméo LeBlanc, Governor-General of Canada (born 1927) 2012 Lonesome George, Ecuadorean Pinta Island tortoise (born around 1912) 2012 Heino Kruus, Estonian basketball player (born 1926) 2012 Miki Roqué, Spanish footballer (born 1988) 2013 Mick Aston, British archaeologist (born 1946) 2013 Emilio Colombo, former Prime Minister of Italy (born 1920) 2013 William Hathaway, American politician (born 1924) 2014 Ramón José Velásquez, former Acting President of Venezuela (born 1916) 2014 Eli Wallach, American actor (born 1915) 2015 Walter Browne, Australian-American chess player (born 1939) 2015 Mario Biaggi, American politician (born 1917) 2015 Marva Collins, American educator (born 1936) 2016 Bernie Worrell, American musician (born 1944) 2017 Mats Johansson, Swedish journalist (born 1951) 2017 Parker Lee McDonald, American jurist (born 1924) 2017 Maria Mutagamba, Ugandan economist and politician (born 1952) 2017 Nils Nilsson, Swedish ice hockey player (born 1936) 2018 Frank Heart, American computer engineer (born 1929) 2018 Constance Adams, American architect and explorer (born 1964) 2018 Stanley Anderson, American actor (born 1939) 2018 Darryl N. Johnson, American politician (born 1938) 2018 Josip Pirmajer, Slovenian footballer and manager (born 1944) 2019 Jeff Austin, American musician and singer (born 1974) 2019 Billy Drago, American actor (born 1946) 2019 Steve Dunleavy, Australian-born American journalist (born 1938) 2019 Jónas Gómez Gallo, Chilean businessman and politician (born 1923) 2019 José Huerta, Peruvian politician (born 1948) 2019 Yekaterina Mikhailovna-Demina, Russian military doctor (born 1925) 2019 Jörg Stübner, German footballer (born 1965) Observances Discovery Day (Newfoundland and Labrador) National Day of Quebec Saint John's Day, day of midsummer celebrations in the Northern Hemisphere Flag Day (Estonia, Finland) Days of the year

10036

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%2029

June 29

Events Up to 1900 226 Cao Pi dies and his son Cao Rui succeeds him as Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei in present-day China. 1149 Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. 1194 King Sverre of Norway is crowned. 1534 Jacques Cartier becomes the first-known European to reach Prince Edward Island. 1613 The Globe Theatre burns to the ground. 1644 King Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge. 1749 New Governor, Charles de la Ralière Des Herbiers, arrives at Isle Royale (Cape Breton Island). 1786 Alexander Macdonnell and over five hundred Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario. 1807 Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Athos. 1850 Coal is discovered on Vancouver Island. 1855 The Daily Telegraph newspaper is founded in London. 1863 George Custer is appointed as a U.S. Union brigadier-general 1864 Ninety-nine people are killed in Canada's worst railway disaster near St-Hilaire. 1880 France annexes Tahiti. 1891 National Forest Service is organized. 1891 Street railway in Ottawa starts running. 1895 Doukhobors burn their weapons as a protest against conscription by the Tsarist Russian government. 1901 2000 1913 The Second Balkan War begins. 1914 Jina Guseva attempts to kill Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia. 1916 The UK sentences Irish Easter Rising leader Roger Casement to death. He is executed on August 3. 1922 France grants 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes". 1925 Canada House opens in London. 1926 Arthur Meighen returns as Prime Minister of Canada. 1927 First test of Wallace Turnbull's variable-pitch propeller. 1933 Italian boxer Primo Carnera knocked out American Jack Sharkey to become the heavyweight champion of the world. 1937 Joseph-Armand Bombardier receives patent for sprocket and track traction system used in snow vehicles. 1939 The state of Hatay becomes part of the Republic of Turkey. 1945 Carpathian Ruthenia was annexed by Soviet Union. 1950 At the 1950 FIFA World Cup, the United States national football team, through a goal from Joe Gaetjens, defeats the England national football team 1-0. 1956 Marilyn Monroe marries Arthur Miller. 1958 Brazil wins the FIFA World Cup for the first time, beating the host country Sweden 5-2 in the final. 1974 Isabel Perón takes over Presidential duties in Argentina, as her husband Juan Perón is dying. 1974 Mikhail Baryshnikov defects from the Soviet Union to Canada while on tour with the Kirov Ballet. 1975 Steve Wozniak tests his first prototype Apple Inc. I computer. 1976 The Seychelles become independent. 1986 Argentina wins the FIFA World Cup, defeating West Germany 3-2. 1986 Richard Branson sets the record for the fastest powerboat crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. 1995 The Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian Space Station Mir. 1995 In Seoul, South Korea, the Sampoong department store collapses, killing 501, and injuring 937 people. 1996 Olafur Ragnar Grimsson is elected President of Iceland, taking office on August 1. He succeeds Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, who decided not to run for election for a fifth time. From 2001 2002 Naval clashes occur between North Korea and South Korea. 6 South Korean sailors are killed and a North Korean vessel is sunk. 2007 Two explosive devices are found in cars outside nightclubs in London, UK. 2007 The IPhone goes on sale in the United States. 2008 UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland: The tournament is won by the Spain national football team, with a goal by Fernando Torres securing a 1-0 victory over the Germany national football team. 2009 American financier Bernard Madoff is sentenced to 150 years in prison for a multibillion Dollar fraud. 2009 Tennis: Wimbledon Centre Court's new roof is used for the first time. 2014 A building collapse in Delhi, India, kills at least 10 people, and another building collapse in Chennai in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu kills at least 17. 2014 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant self-declares a caliphate in Syria and Iraq. Births Up to 1900 1139 Petronilla of Aragon (d. 1173) 1397 John II of Aragon (d. 1479) 1475 Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan (d. 1497) 1482 Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (d. 1517) 1516 Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist and physician (d. 1585) 1528 Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1589) 1543 Christine of Hesse (d. 1604) 1596 Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (d. 1680) 1609 Pierre-Paul Riquet, French engineer and canal builder (d. 1680) 1636 Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (d. 1703) 1746 Joachim Heinrich Campe, pedagogue (d. 1818) 1782 Christian Lyngbye, Danish minister and botanist (d. 1837) 1793 Josef Ressel, Czech-Austrian inventor (d. 1857) 1798 Giacomo Leopardi, Italian poet (d. 1837) 1798 Willibald Alexis, German writer (d. 1871) 1818 Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer (d. 1878) 1819 Thomas Dunn English, American politician (d. 1902) 1844 Peter I of Serbia (d. 1921) 1845 George W. Atkinson, American politician, 10th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1925) 1847 Paul Flechsig, German neuranatomist (d. 1929) 1849 John Hunn, American politician, 51st Governor of Delaware (d. 1926) 1849 Pedro Montt, President of Chile (d. 1910) 1849 Sergei Witte, Russian politician (d. 1915) 1858 George Goethals, American army engineer (d. 1928) 1861 Dr. William Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939) 1865 (disputed) Shigechiyo Izumi, Japanese centenarian (d. 1986) 1868 George Ellery Hale, American astronomer (d. 1938) 1873 Leo Frobenius, German ethnologist, archaeologist (d. 1938) 1879 Benedetto Aloisi Masella, Italian cardinal (d. 1970) 1880 Ludwig Beck, German general (d. 1944) 1881 Harry Frazee, American director, producer and agent (d. 1929) 1882 Henry Hawtrey, English runner (d. 1961) 1886 Robert Schuman, French politician and statesman (d. 1963) 1888 Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 1925) 1889 Willie McFarlane, Scottish golfer (d. 1961) 1890 Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 2005) 1893 Aarre Merikanto, Finnish composer (d. 1958) 1900 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and writer (d. 1944) 1901 1925 1901 Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (d. 1967) 1901 Putte Kock, Swedish footballer, ice hockey and contract bridge player (d. 1979) 1903 Alan Blumlein, English engineer (d. 1942) 1906 Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 1945) 1907 Junji Nishikawa, Japanese footballer (d. unknown) 1908 Leroy Anderson, American composer (d. 1975) 1910 Frank Loesser, American composer (d. 1969) 1911 Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (d. 2004) 1911 Bernard Herrmann, American composer (d. 1975) 1912 Lucie Aubrac, French Resistance activist (d. 2007) 1912 José Pablo Moncayo, Mexican composer and conductor (d. 1958) 1913 Earle Meadows, American pole vaulter (d. 1992) 1914 Rafael Kubelik, Czech conductor (d. 1996) 1915 Ruth Warrick, American actress (d. 2005) 1919 Slim Pickens, American actor (d. 1983) 1919 Lloyd Richards, American actor and director (d. 2006) 1920 César Rodriguez Alvarez, Spanish footballer (d. 1995) 1920 Ray Harryhausen, American movie maker (d. 2013) 1921 Jean Kent, English actress (d. 2013) 1921 Reinhard Mohn, German publisher (d. 2009) 1922 Vasko Popa, Yugoslav poet (d. 1991) 1924 Philip H. Hoff, American politician, former Governor of Vermont (d. 2018) 1924 Flo Sandon's, Italian singer (d. 2006) 1925 Giorgio Napolitano, 11th President of Italy 1926 1950 1926 Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (d. 2006) 1926 Jorge Enrique Adoum, Ecuadorean writer (d. 2009) 1928 Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (d. 1999) 1929 Oriana Fallaci, Italian journalist and writer (d. 2006) 1930 Ernst Albrecht, German politician (d. 2014) 1931 Ed Gilbert, American actor (d. 1999) 1932 Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton, British politician 1933 John Bradshaw, American author (d. 2016) 1936 Harmon Killebrew, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 2011) 1939 Amarildo Tavares da Silveira, Brazilian footballer 1941 Kwame Ture, (born "Stokely Carmichael"), civil rights activist (d. 1998) 1943 Little Eva, American singer (d. 2003) 1943 Louis Nicollin, French entrepreneur (d. 2017) 1944 Gary Busey, American actor 1944 Sean Patrick O'Malley, Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts 1944 Roger Wootton, English aeronautical engineer and balloonist (d. 2017) 1945 Chandrika Kumaratunga, Sri Lankan politician and former President 1946 Ernesto Pérez Balladares, 46th President of Panama 1946 Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d. 2004) 1948 Ian Paice, British musician (Deep Purple) 1949 Dan Dierdorf, American football player 1949 Joan Clos i Matheu, 116th Mayor of Barcelona 1951 1975 1951 Don Rosa, American cartoonist 1952 Joe Johnson, English snooker player 1956 Pedro Santana Lopes, former Prime Minister of Portugal 1957 Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan 1957 Michael Nutter, 98th Mayor of Philadelphia 1958 Rosa Mota, Portuguese runner 1958 Dieter Althaus, German politician 1958 Ralf Rangnick, German football manager 1959 Atsushi Uchiyama, Japanese footballer 1959 Gary Rydstrom, American sound designer 1961 Sharon Lawrence, American actress 1962 Joan Laporta, Spanish lawyer and politician 1962 George D. Zamka, American colonel, pilot and astronaut 1963 Anne-Sophie Mutter, German violinist 1968 Theoren Fleury, Canadian ice hockey player 1970 Mike Vallely, American Professional Skateboarder 1971 Anthony Hamilton, English snooker player 1971 Kaitlyn Ashley, American erotic actress 1971 Matthew Good, Canadian rock musician and activist 1971 Nawal Al-Zoghbi, Lebanese singer 1972 Samantha Smith, American social activist and actress (d. 1985) From 1976 1977 Sotiris Liberopoulos, Greek footballer 1978 Nicole Scherzinger, American actress and singer (Pussycat Dolls) 1979 Tomoyuki Sakai, Japanese footballer 1980 Katherine Jenkins, Welsh singer 1981 Nino, Greek singer 1981 Nicolas Vuyovich, Argentine Formula One driver 1984 Christopher Egan, Australian actor 1984 Derek Lee Rock, American musician 1984 Emil Hallfredsson, Icelandic footballer 1986 José Manuel Jurado, Spanish footballer 1987 Jena Lee, French singer 1988 Troy Deeney, English footballer 1988 Ever Banega, Argentine footballer 1988 Adrian Mannarino, French tennis player 1990 Kim Little, Scottish footballer 1990 Yann M'Vila, French footballer 1991 Suk Hyun-Jun, South Korean footballer 1991 Kawhi Leonard, American basketball player 1991 Addison Timlin, American actress 1992 Adam G. Sevani, American dancer and actor 1993 George Sampson, English dancer and actor 1993 Fran Kirby, English footballer 1993 Lorenzo James Henrie, American actor 1994 Shin Dong-ho, South Korean singer (U-KISS) 1994 Leandro Paredes, Argentine footballer 2000 Red Gerard, American snowboarder Deaths Up to 1900 67 Paul the Apostle, preacher, teacher and writer (b. 5) 226 Cao Pi, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei 1059 Bernard II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 995) 1149 Raymond of Poitiers (b. 1115) 1252 King Abel of Denmark (b. 1218) 1509 Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry VII of England (b. 1443) 1520 Moctezuma II, Aztec ruler (b. 1466) 1575 Baba Nobuharu, Japanese samurai (b. 1515) 1763 Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, Swedish writer (b. 1718) 1779 Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter (b. 1728) 1831 Heinrich Friedrich Karl von und zum Stein, Prussian politician (b. 1757) 1837 Nathaniel Macon, American politician (b. 1758) 1840 Lucien Bonaparte, French politician (b. 1775) 1852 Henry Clay, United States Senator (b. 1777) 1855 John Gorrie, American physician and humanitarian (b. 1803) 1861 Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (b. 1806) 1875 Ferdinand I of Austria (b. 1793) 1895 Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist and educator (b. 1825) 1895 Floriano Peixoto, President of Brazil (b. 1839) 1900 Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin, Russian mathematician (b. 1827) 1901 2000 1925 Christian Michelsen, Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1857) 1928 Alvaro de Castro, Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1878) 1933 Olaf Bull, Norwegian poet (b. 1893) 1933 "Fatty" Arbuckle, American actor (b. 1887) 1940 Paul Klee, Swiss painter (b. 1879) 1941 Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1860) 1950 Melitta Bentz, German businesswoman and inventor of the coffee filter (b. 1873) 1955 Max Pechstein, German painter (b. 1881) 1957 Malcolm Lowry, English writer (b. 1909) 1958 Karl Arnold, German politician (b. 1901) 1967 Primo Carnera, Italian boxer (b. 1906) 1967 Jayne Mansfield, American actress and singer (b. 1933) 1969 Moise Tshombe, Congolese politician (b. 1919) 1975 Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947) 1977 Magda Lupescu, former Queen of Romania (b. 1895) 1978 Bob Crane, American actor (b. 1928) 1992 Mohammed Boudiaf, President of Algeria (b. 1919) 1994 Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (b. 1908) 1994 Jack Unterweger, Austrian writer and murderer (b. 1950) 1995 Lana Turner, American actress (b. 1921) 1997 William Hickey, American actor (b. 1927) 1998 Horst Jankowski, German pianist (b. 1936) 1999 Karekin I, Catholicos (Head) of the Armenian Apostolic Church (b. 1950) From 2001 2002 Ole-Johan Dahl, Norwegian computer scientist (b. 1931) 2002 Rosemary Clooney, American actress and singer (b. 1928) 2003 Katharine Hepburn, American actress (b. 1907) 2006 Lloyd Richards, American actor and director (b. 1919) 2008 Don S. Davis, American actor (b. 1942) 2013 Margherita Hack, Italian astrophysicist (b. 1922) 2013 Jim Kelly, American actor and martial artist (b. 1946) 2014 Damian D'Oliveira, South African-English cricketer (b. 1960) 2014 Dermot Healy, Irish poet, novelist and actor (b. 1947) 2015 Josef Masopust, Czech footballer (b. 1931) 2015 Charles Pasqua, French politician (b. 1927) 2015 Jackson Vroman, American-Lebanese basketball player (b. 1981) 2016 Inocente Carreño, Venezuelan composer (b. 1919) 2016 Vasyl Slipak, Ukrainian opera singer (b. 1974) 2016 Xu Jiatun, Chinese politician and dissident (b. 1916) 2016 Gunnar Garbo, Norwegian politician (b. 1924) 2016 Ojo Maduekwe, Nigerian politician (b. 1945) 2017 John Monckton, American swimmer (b. 1938) 2017 Louis Nicollin, French entrepreneur (b. 1943) 2017 Dave Semenko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1957) 2018 Kwesi Amissah-Arthur, Ghanaian economist and politician (b. 1951) 2018 Matt Cappotelli, American professional wrestler (b. 1979) 2018 Arvid Carlsson, Swedish pharmacologist (b. 1923) 2018 Liliane Montevecchi, French-Italian dancer and actress (b. 1932) 2019 Jeon Mi-seon, South Korean actress (b. 1970) 2019 Gunilla Pontén, Swedish fashion designer (b. 1929) Observances Independence Day (Seychelles) Veterans Day (Netherlands) Roman Catholic Feast Day of Saint Peter and Paul Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2024

July 24

Events Up to 1900 1132 Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. 1148 King Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. 1245 Pope Innocent IV forces King Sancho II of Portugal out, and replaces him with Afonso III of Portugal. 1411 The Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest in Scotland, takes place. 1487 Citizens of Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer. 1534 Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspe peninsula in present-day Quebec, taking possession of the territory and naming it after Francis I of France. 1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, is deposed and replaced by her 1-year-old son King King James VI. 1701 Detroit, Michigan is founded. 1783 The Kingdom of Georgia and the Russian Empire sign the Treaty of Georgievsk. 1814 War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders. 1823 Chile abolishes Slavery. 1823 The Naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place. 1832 Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass. 1847 After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. 1864 American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown – Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley. 1866 Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War. 1901 1950 1901 O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank. 1910 James MacGillivray publishes the first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News. 1911 Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu "the Lost City of the Incas". 1915 Passenger ship Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 845 lives. 1922 The draft of the British Mandate for Palestine is officially confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations. 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I. 1924 Archaeologist Themistoklis Sofoulis becomes Prime Minister of Greece. 1927 The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres. 1929 The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers). 1931 A fire at a home for aged people in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people. 1935 The dust bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109 °F (44 °C) in Chicago and 104 °F (40 °C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 1937 Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys." 1938 The first successful climb of the Eiger North Face is made. 1943 World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings. 1950 Bumper 8 becomes the first aircraft to be launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. 1951 2000 1956 At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together which started on July 25, 1946, almost exactly ten years earlier. 1959 At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, US vice-president Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a "kitchen debate." 1965 Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are the targets of anti-aircraft missiles in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other three sustain damage. 1966 Michael Petkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan in Yosemite National Park, along with Brian Schubert. They both end up with broken bones. 1967 During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians. 1969 Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean. 1974 Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously rule that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor. 1974 Konstantinos Karamanlis arrives in Greece, following the collapse of the military junta. 1977 End of the four-day long Libyan-Egyptian War. 1983 George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident". 1990 Iraqi forces start massing on the Kuwaiti border, preparing for the invasion on August 2. 1998 Russel Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial. From 2001 2001 Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, and became the only monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office. He becomes Prime Minister under the name Simeon Saksburggotsky. 2001 The Taiwan Solidarity Union is established. 2002 James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1. 2002 Alfred Moisiu becomes President of Albania. 2005 Lance Armstrong wins the Tour de France for seventh consecutive year. After being revealed to have taken illegal drugs to improve his performance during his career, all of his Tour de France titles are removed from the record in 2012. 2010 Love Parade disaster: At a stampede at a music festival in Duisburg, Germany, 19 people are crushed to death. 2 later die in hospital, as a result of their injuries. 2010 Over 80,000 people record their lives for the YouTube documentary A Life in a Day. 2012 President of Ghana John Atta Mills dies aged 68. His Vice President John Dramani Mahama is sworn in as President later the same day. 2013 A passenger train carrying over 218 people crashes just outside Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, northwest Spain, killing at least 80 people and injuring at least 130. It was travelling from Madrid to Ferrol on the Galician coast when it crashed. It occurred a day before the regional July 25 holiday in Galicia. 2014 Air Algerie Flight 5017 crashes in Mali on a flight between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Algiers, Algeria. 2014 Reuven Rivlin becomes the 10th President of Israel, succeeding Shimon Peres. 2015 Barack Obama makes the first visit by a US President to Kenya. 2016 The International Olympic Committee decides against banning the entire Russian team from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, after its track-and-field athletes had already been banned following a doping scandal. 2019 Boris Johnson becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, taking over from Theresa May. One of his first actions is a massive change of the jobs in the cabinet. Births Up to 1900 923 Suzaku, Emperor of Japan (d. 952) 1468 Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1524) 1574 Thomas Platter the Younger, Swiss physician (d. 1629) 1720 Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, Prussian princess and Queen of Sweden (d. 1782) 1725 John Newton, cleric and hymnist (d. 1807) 1737 Alexander Dalrymple, Scottish geographer (d. 1808) 1740 Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist (d. 1829) 1757 Vladimir Borovikovski, Russian painter (d. 1825) 1759 King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia (d. 1824) 1783 Simón Bolívar, South American liberator (d. 1830) 1783 Frédéric de Lafresnaye, French ornithologist (d. 1861) 1786 Joseph Nicollet, mathematician and explorer (d. 1843) 1798 John Adams Dix, American general, senator and Governor of New York (d. 1879) 1802 Alexandre Dumas, père, French writer (d. 1870) 1803 Adolphe Charles Adam, French composer (d. 1956) 1817 Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1905) 1823 Arthur I. Boreman, Governor of West Virginia (d. 1896) 1826 Ivan Bloch, Polish banker (d. 1902) 1828 Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian writer (d. 1889) 1832 John J. Bagley, 16th Governor of Michigan (d. 1881) 1841 Francisco da Veiga Beirao, Portuguese politician (d. 1916) 1847 Margarete Steiff, German seamstress, known for Steiff stuffed toys (d. 1909) 1851 Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935) 1853 William Gillette, actor and writer (d. 1937) 1857 Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer (d. 1943) 1857 Juan Vicente Gomez, Venezuelan officer, politician and dictator (d. 1935) 1858 Wolfgang Kapp, Prussian civil servant and journalist (d. 1922) 1860 Alphonse Mucha, Czech artist (d. 1939) 1860 Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919) 1864 Frank Wedekind, German writer (d. 1918) 1867 Vicente Acosta, El Salvadorean poet (d. 1908) 1874 Oswald Chambers, Scottish Baptist evangelist and teacher (d. 1917) 1878 Lord Dunsany, writer (d. 1957) 1880 Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (d. 1959) 1883 Katia Mann, wife of Thomas Mann (d. 1980) 1883 Nelle Wilson Reagan, mother of Ronald Reagan (d. 1962) 1884 Maria Caserini, Italian actress (d. 1969) 1886 Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (d. 1965) 1888 Arthur Richardson, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 1973) 1895 Robert Graves, English writer (d. 1985) 1896 Hermann Kasack, writer (d. 1966) 1897 Amelia Earhart, American aviator (d. 1937) (disappeared) 1899 Chief Dan George, Native American actor (d. 1981) 1899 Bernice Madigan, American supercentenarian (d. 2015) 1900 Zelda Fitzgerald, American artist (d. 1948) 1901 1950 1908 Cootie Williams, trumpeter (d. 1985) 1914 Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian physician (d. 2015) 1914 Edwin Mirvish, retailer and impresario (d. 2007) 1916 John D. MacDonald, novelist (d. 1986) 1917 Robert Farnon, conductor, composer and arranger (d. 2005) 1918 Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist (d. 2012) 1920 Bella Abzug, American politician and activist (d. 1998) 1920 Constance Dowling, American actress (d. 1969) 1921 Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor (d. 2008) 1923 Warren E. Hearnes, 46th Governor of Missouri (d. 2009) 1925 Adele Addison, American soprano 1926 Hans Günter Winkler, German equestrian jumper (d. 2018) 1929 Peter Yates, British movie director (d. 2011) 1930 Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician, former Chief Minister of Gujarat 1931 Ermanno Olmi, Italian director (d. 2018) 1933 John Aniston, Greek-American actor 1933 Doug Sanders, American golfer 1934 Rudy Collins, American drummer (Dizzy Gillespie Quintet) 1935 Pat Oliphant, Australian political cartoonist 1936 Ruth Buzzi, comedienne 1936 Dan Inosanto, American martial artist and actor 1937 Manoj Kumar, Indian actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1939 Walt Bellamy, American basketball player (d. 2013) 1940 Stanley Hauerwas, Christian theologian 1942 Chris Sarandon, American actor 1944 Jan-Carl Raspe, German Red Army Faction militant (d. 1977) 1945 Azim Premji, Indian businessman 1947 Robert Hays, actor 1947 Peter Serkin, American pianist 1949 Michael Richards, American actor and comedian 1949 Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Catalan bishop and co-Prince of Andorra 1951 1975 1951 Lynda Carter, American actress 1951 Chris Smith, British politician 1952 Carsten Jensen, Danish writer 1952 Gus Van Sant, American movie director 1953 Claire McCaskill, American politician, United States Senator for Missouri 1956 Charlie Crist, American politician, 44th Governor of Florida, 2007 2011 1956 Pat Finn, American game show host and producer 1957 Pam Tillis, American country music singer 1958 Konrad Graber, Swiss politician 1958 Jim Leighton, Scottish footballer 1960 Catherine Destivelle, Algerian-born French rock climber and mountaineer 1963 Karl Malone, American basketball player 1964 Pedro Passos Coelho, former Prime Minister of Portugal 1964 Barry Bonds, American Major League Baseball player 1964 Banana Yoshimoto, Japanese writer 1965 Andrew Gaze, Australian basketball player and broadcaster 1965 Kadeem Hardison, actor 1966 Martin Keown, English footballer 1966 Hilarion, Russian writer and theologian 1968 Kristin Chenoweth, American actress and singer 1968 Laura Leighton, American actress 1969 Rick Fox, American basketball player 1969 Jennifer Lopez, American actress, dancer, fashion designer and singer 1970 Julia Bradbury, English journalist and presenter 1971 Dino Baggio, Italian footballer 1971 John Partridge, English actor, singer and dancer 1974 Eugene Mirman, Russian-American actor, comedian and writer 1974 Boogie2988, American Internet personality (Francis) 1975 Tracey Crouch, English politician 1975 Eric Szmanda, American actor From 1976 1976 Rashida Tlaib, American politician 1977 Danny Dyer, British actor 1977 Mehdi Mahdavikia, Iranian footballer 1978 Andy Irons, American surfer (d. 2010) 1979 Rose Byrne, Australian actress 1979 Ryan Humphrey, American basketball player 1981 Gauge, actress 1981 Summer Glau, American actress 1982 Elisabeth Moss, American actress 1982 Anna Paquin, Canadian-born actress 1983 Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer 1985 Lukas Rosol, Czech tennis player 1986 Andrei Lutai, Russian figure skater 1986 Vugar Gashimov, Azerbaijani chess player (d. 2014) 1986 Natalie Tran, Australian actress and writer 1987 Mara Wilson, American actress 1987 Jovan Belcher, American football player (d. 2012) 1989 Kim Tae-Hwan, South Korean footballer 1989 Felix Loch, German luger 1990 Daveigh Chase, American actress 1990 Jay McGuiness, English singer (The Wanted) 1991 Lin Yue, Chinese diver 1991 Emily Bett Rickards, Canadian actress 1992 Mitch Grassi, American singer 1992 Mikael Kingsbury, Canadian skier 1998 Bindi Irwin, daughter of Steve Irwin Deaths Up to 1900 811 Gao Yang, Chinese chancellor (b. 740) 1115 Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (b. 1046) 1129 Shirakawa, Emperor of Japan (b. 1053) 1568 Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545) 1594 John Boste, English martyr and saint (b. 1544) 1739 Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (b. 1686) 1768 Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian (b. 1684) 1862 Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782) 1883 Matthew Webb, British swimmer (b. 1848) 1891 Hermann Raster, German-American journalist and politician (b. 1827) 1901 – 1950 1906 Ferdinand von Saar, Austrian writer, dramatist and poet (b. 1833) 1908 Vicente Acosta, El Salvadorean poet (b. 1867) 1910 Arkhip Kuindzhi, Russian painter (b. 1841) 1920 Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (b. 1855) 1922 Saint George Ashe, British rower (b. 1871) 1927 Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (b. 1892) 1951 2000 1957 Sacha Guitry, French actor and director (b. 1885) 1960 Hans Albers, German actor and singer (b. 1891) 1962 Wilfrid Noyce, English mountaineer (b. 1917) 1965 Constance Bennett, American actress (b. 1904) 1969 Witold Gombrowicz, Polish novelist and dramatist (b. 1904) 1970 Beatrice Roberts, American actress (b. 1901) 1973 Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and Prime Minister (b. 1898) 1974 James Chadwick, British physicist (b. 1891) 1976 Julius Döpfner, German cardinal (b. 1913) 1980 Peter Sellers, British actor (b. 1925) 1980 Uttam Kumar, Indian actor, director and producer (b. 1926) 1985 Ezechiele Ramini, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953) 1986 Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist (b. 1899) 1991 Isaac Bashevis Singer, writer, received Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978 (b. 1902) 1992 Arletty, French singer and actress (b. 1898) 1995 Marjorie Cameron, American writer, painter, actress and occultist (b. 1922) 1996 Mohammed Farah Aidid, Somali warlord 1997 William J. Brennan, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1906) 1997 Saw Maung, Burmese dictator (b. 1928) From 2001 2005 Richard Doll, British epidemiologist (b. 1912) 2008 Norman Dello Joio, American composer (b. 1913) 2010 Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player (b. 1949) 2010 Theo Albrecht, German businessman (Aldi Nord) (b. 1922) 2011 Virgilio Noe, Italian cardinal (b. 1922) 2011 Dan Peek, American singer (b. 1951) 2012 Larry Hoppen, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1951) 2012 John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (b. 1944) 2012 Sherman Hemsley, American actor (b. 1938) 2012 Chad Everett, American actor (b. 1936) 2013 Fred Dretske, American philosopher (b. 1932) 2013 Steve Berrios, American drummer (b. 1945) 2013 Virginia E. Johnson, American sexologist (b. 1925) 2014 Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer (b. 1973) 2014 Jaan Arder, Estonian singer (b. 1952) 2014 Dale Schlueter, American basketball player (b. 1945) 2015 Peg Lynch, American comedy writer and actress (b. 1916) 2016 Marni Nixon, American singer and actress (b. 1930) 2017 Michiko Inukai, Japanese writer (b. 1921) 2017 Yash Pal, Indian scientist and educator (b. 1926) 2017 Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Indian space scientist (b. 1932) 2017 Niculae Nedeff, Romanian handball player and coach (b. 1928) 2018 Mary Ellis, British World War II aviator (b. 1917) 2018 Walter Hirrlinger, German politician (b. 1926) 2018 Tony Cloninger, American baseball player (b. 1940) 2019 Claes Andersson, Finnish psychiatrist, writer and politician (b. 1937) 2019 Margaret Fulton, Scottish-born Australian chef and cookbook writer (b. 1924) 2019 Cathy Inglese, American college basketball coach (b. 1958) Holidays and observances Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela – Simón Bolívar Day Utah – Pioneer Day (1847) Vanuatu – Children's Day Venezuela – Birth of the Libertador (Simón Bolívar Day) Ancient Latvia – Jekaupa Diena held Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2011

July 11

Events Up to 1900 472 - After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in Saint Peter's Basilica and put to death. 1174 - Baldwin IV, aged 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor. 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs () – the Flemish cities beat the king of France. 1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 1405 - Ming Dynasty admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time. 1502 - The Caribbean island of Hispaniola is ravaged by a hurricane, killing 500 people. 1533 - King Henry VIII of England is excommunicated. 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland. 1613 - Mikhail Romanov is crowned as Tsar of Russia. The Romanov Dynasty rules Russia until Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is removed during the Russian Revolution in 1917. 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec. 1735 - Dwarf planet Pluto is in Neptune's orbit for the last time until 1979. 1740 – Jews expelled from Little Russia. 1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia almost completely destroyed by fire. 1776 – Captain James Cook begins third voyage. 1789 - Jacques Necker is dismissed as French finance minister, leading to the Storming of the Bastille three days later. 1796 – The U.S. takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty. 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War. 1801 - French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. He will later go on to discover another 36 comets over the following 27 years - more than any other person has discovered. 1804 – In a duel, Vice President Aaron Burr kills Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. 1810 - Frederick Hasselborough sights the Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, named after Lachlan Macquarie, the Scottish Governor of New South Wales. It currently belongs to Australia. 1811 – Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about molecular content of gases. 1848 – The Waterloo railway station in London opens. 1859 – A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published. 1864 – Confederate forces attempt an invasion of Washington, DC. 1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded. 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto. 1893 - A revolution led by general and politician Jose Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua. 1895 – The brothers Lumière show movie for scientists. 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies. 1901 2000 1914 – Babe Ruth debuts in major league baseball. 1914 - The warship USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched. 1919 – Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands. 1921 – Truce called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar. 1921 – Former US President William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice. 1921 – Mongolia becomes independent (from China). 1930 - Australian cricketer Donald Bradman scores a world-record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a test match against England. 1934 - Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport with assisted take-off. 1936 – Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic. 1940 – Vichy Regime formally established in France. (and Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France). 1943 – World War II: The Germans counter-attack on Sicily, following the start of the Allied invasion of the island. 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt says he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States. 1950 - Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank. 1955 – The phrase In God We Trust is added to all US currency. 1957 - Prince Karim Hosseini becomes the Aga Khan IV. 1960 – The novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is published for the first time. 1960 – Dahomey (now Benin), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Niger all gain independence. 1960 - The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission. 1962 – Soviet cosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record. 1966 - The 1966 FIFA World Cup in England begins. 1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalised by the government of Salvador Allende. 1972 - The first game of the 1972 World Chess Championship is played in Reykjavik, Iceland, in which Bobby Fischer ends up defeating Boris Spassky on September 1. 1973 – A Brazilian Boeing 707 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, resulting in the death of 122 people. 1975 – Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC. 1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously rewarded the Medal of Freedom. 1978 - Los Alfaques Disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain, killing 216 tourists. 1979 – The space station Skylab returns to Earth. 1982 – Defeating West Germany 3–1 at Santiago Bernabéu stadium, Italy wins the 1982 edition of the Football World Cup. 1983 – A Boeing 727 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives. 1987 – According to the United Nations, the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark. 1991 – A Nigerian DC-8 crashes while landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing 261 1991 – Total solar eclipse in Hawaii, Pacific Ocean, Mexico and parts of Central and South America. 1995 – Full diplomatic relations are established between the United States and Vietnam. 1995 – Bosnian Serbs capture the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants are murdered, beginning the Srebrenica Massacre, the biggest massacre in Europe since World War II. 1995 – A Cubana de Aviacion Antonov AN-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44. From 2001 2006 – A series of bomb attacks devastates Mumbai, India, killing 207 people. 2010 – 2010 FIFA World Cup: Spain wins the FIFA World Cup for the first time, after a 1-0 extra time win over the Netherlands, who had also never won the World Cup before. The game was overshadowed by some violent tackling, and referee Howard Webb gave out a record number of yellow cards for a World Cup final. 2010 - Two suicide bombings occur in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people. 2012 - Astronomers announce the discovery of Styx, a moon of Pluto. 2013 - Luxembourg's government under Jean-Claude Juncker is brought down by a spy scandal. 2016 - Theresa May is designated as leader of the British Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (from July 13) after Andrea Leadsom withdraws her candidacy. She succeeds David Cameron in both positions. Births Up to 1900 154 - Bardaisan, Syrian astrologer, scholar and philosopher (d. 222) 1274 – King Robert I of Scotland, also known as "Robert the Bruce" (d. 1329) 1366 – Anne of Bohemia, Queen Consort of England (d. 1394) 1376 - King Ladislaus II of Naples (d. 1414) 1603 - Kenelm Digby, English courtier and diplomat (d. 1665) 1628 - Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyo (d. 1701) 1653 - Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (d. 1692) 1657 – King Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713) 1662 - Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726) 1667 - Anna Maria de' Medici, Italian aristocrat (d. 1743) 1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist (d. 1785) 1723 - Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (d. 1799) 1732 - Jerome Lalande, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1807) 1751 - Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. 1775) 1754 - Thomas Bowdler, English physician (d. 1825) 1767 – John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848) 1774 - Robert Jameson, Scottish naturalist and mineralogist (d. 1854) 1826 - Alexander Afanasyev, Russian author (d. 1871) 1832 - Charilaos Trikoupis, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896) 1832 - Carlos Holguin Mallarino, 24th President of Colombia (d. 1894) 1834 - James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American painter (d. 1903) 1846 – Léon Bloy, French writer (d. 1917) 1851 - Millie and Christine McKoy, American conjoined twins (d. 1912) 1857 - David Prain, Scottish physician (d. 1944) 1866 - Princess Irene of Hesse and By Rhine (d. 1953) 1867 - John J. Cornwell, American politician, Governor of West Virginia (d. 1953) 1880 - Friedrich Lahrs, German architect (d. 1964) 1881 - Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer (d. 1955) 1882 – James Larkin White, American, discovered the Carlsbad Caverns (d. 1946) 1886 - Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter (d. 1939) 1888 - Carl Schmitt, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1985) 1889 - Eduard Heimann, German economic and social scientist (d. 1967) 1890 - John S. Battle, American politician, Governor of Virginia (d. 1972) 1892 - Trafford Leigh-Mallory, English Royal Air Force officer (d. 1944) 1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American actor (d. 1962) 1896 - Ludwik Fleck, Polish physician and biologist (d. 1961) 1897 - Gregorio Fuentes, Lanzarote-born Cuban fisherman (d. 2002) 1899 – E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985) 1899 - Wilfrid Israel, Anglo-German businessman and philanthropist (d. 1943) 1901 1950 1902 - Samuel Goudsmit, Dutch-American physicist (d. 1978) 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990) 1912 - Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996) 1916 - Mortimer Caplin, American lawyer and educator (d. 2019) 1916 – Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014) 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Russian physicist (d. 2002) 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor (d. 2008) 1918 - Venetia Burney, English girl who named the dwarf planet Pluto (d. 2009) 1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985) 1920 - Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (d. 2010) 1921 – Ilse Werner, Dutch-born actress (d. 2005) 1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998) 1923 – Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa, Brazilian footballer (d. 2010) 1923 - Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic (d. 2018) 1923 - Tun Tun, Indian playback singer, actress and comedienne (d. 2003) 1924 - Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1971) 1924 - Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007) 1925 - Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2004) 1927 - Theodore Maiman, American physicist (d. 2007) 1928 - Greville Janner, British politician (d. 2015) 1929 - David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012) 1930 - Harold Bloom, American author and critic 1930 - Murphy J. Foster Jr., American politician, former Governor of Louisiana (d. 2020) 1931 - John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (d. 1986) 1931 - Dick Gray, American baseball player (d. 2013) 1931 - Tab Hunter, American actor (d. 2018) 1931 - Tullio Regge, Italian physicist (d. 2014) 1932 - Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1933 - Frank Kelso, American admiral (d. 2013) 1933 - A. J. Langguth, American historian and journalist (d. 2014) 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer 1935 - Oliver Napier, Irish politician (d. 2011) 1939 - Seth Gaaikema, Dutch comedian and writer (d. 2014) 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (d. 1983) 1943 - Howard Gardner, American psychologist 1943 - Tom Holland, American actor, director and screenwriter 1943 - Robert Malval, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti 1944 - Lou Hudson, American basketball player (d. 2014) 1947 - John Holt, Jamaican singer (d. 2014) 1950 - Bonnie Pointer, American singer (The Pointer Sisters) 1951 1975 1951 - Vyacheslav Anisin, Russian ice hockey player 1952 - Stephen Lang, American actor 1952 - Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer 1956 - Robin Renucci, French actor and director 1957 - Johann Lamont, Scottish politician, leader of the Scottish Labour Party 1957 - Peter Oborne, English journalist 1958 - Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer 1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer (Bon Jovi) 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer 1961 - Antony Jenkins, English businessman 1962 - Pauline McLynn, Irish actress 1963 - Lisa Rinna, American actress 1964 - Kyril, Prince of Preslav 1966 - Greg Grunberg, American actor 1966 - Rod Strickland, American basketball player 1966 - Mick Molloy, Australian actor, screenwriter and producer 1970 - Justin Chambers, American actor 1970 - Sajjad Karim, English politician 1971 - Leisha Hailey, Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress 1972 – Jussi 69, Finnish musician 1972 - Michael Rosenbaum, American actor, director and producer 1973 - Andrew Bird, American singer-songwriter and violinist 1973 - Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete 1974 – Hermann Hreidarsson, Icelandic footballer 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer 1975 – Samer El Nahal, Finnish musician (Lordi) 1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper, singer and actress 1975 - Choi Ji-woo, South Korean actress 1975 – Nadya Suleman, American, famous mother of octuplets From 1976 1979 – Eric Abidal, French footballer 1979 - Im Soo-jung, South Korean actress 1980 - Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler 1983 - Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer 1984 - Rachael Taylor, Australian actress 1984 - Morné Steyn, South African rugby player 1985 - Robert Adamson, American actor 1985 - Aki Maeda, Japanese actress and singer 1986 - Ian Cathro, Scottish football manager 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer 1986 - Jonathan Sexton, Irish rugby player 1989 - David Henrie, American actor 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player 1990 - Mona Barthel, German tennis player 1990 - Kelsey Sanders, American actress and singer 1994 - Lucas Ocampos, Argentine footballer 1994 - Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer 1996 - Alessia Cara, Canadian singer 1996 - Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer Deaths Up to 1900 ca. 155 – Pope Pius I 472 – Anthemius, Emperor of the Western Empire (legal murder) 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880) 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890) 1174 - Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136) 1183 - Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117) 1302 - Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250) 1535 - Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484) 1553 - Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521) 1688 – King Narai of Siam (b. 1629) 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, United States Secretary of the Treasury (duel) (b. 1757) 1825 - Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744) 1844 - Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (b. 1800) 1879 - William Allen, 31st Governor of Ohio (b. 1803) 1901 2000 1908 - Friedrich Traun, German tennis player (b. 1876) 1909 - Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835) 1916 – Jon Olafsson, Icelandic editor, journalist and poet (b. 1850) 1920 - Eugénie de Montijo, Spanish wife of Napoleon III of France (b. 1826) 1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898) 1941 - Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (b. 1851) 1957 - Aga Khan III (b. 1877) 1959 – Charlie Parker, cricketer (b. 1882) 1962 - Owen D. Young, American lawyer, diplomat, industrialist and businessman (b. 1874) 1966 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet and author (b. 1913) 1967 - Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge and politician (b. 1917) 1971 – John W. Campbell, science fiction writer and editor (b. 1910) 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891) 1987 - Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963) 1989 – Sir Laurence Olivier, English actor (b. 1907) 1991 – Hitoshi Igarashi, English-Japanese translator, of The Satanic Verses (b. 1947) 1991 - Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer (b. 1953) 1994 – Gary Kildall, computer programmer (b. 1942) 1995 - Don Starr, American actor (b. 1917) 1999 – Helen Forrest, American jazz singer (b. 1917) 2000 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921) From 2001 2001 – Herman Brood, singer and artist (suicide) (b. 1946) 2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1949) 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American conservationist and philanthropist (b. 1910) 2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (b. 1911) 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1912) 2007 – Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913) 2008 – Michael DeBakey, American surgeon and inventor (b. 1908) 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Canadian boxer (b. 1972) 2010 – Bob Sheppard, American announcer (b. 1910) 2011 - Tom Gehrels, Dutch-American astronomer (b. 1925) 2013 - Zeb Alley, American politician (b. 1928) 2013 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician (b. 1936) 2014 - Charlie Haden, American jazz musician (b. 1937) 2014 - Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American musician (b. 1952) 2014 - Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (b. 1915) 2014 - John Seigenthaler, American journalist and writer (b. 1927) 2014 - Carin Mannheimer, Swedish writer (b. 1934) 2014 - Ray Lonnen, British actor (b. 1940) 2014 - Randall Stout, American architect (b. 1958) 2015 - Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928) 2015 - Satoru Iwata, Japanese President and CEO of Nintendo (b. 1959) 2015 - James U. Cross, American military pilot and author (b. 1920) 2015 - Hussein Fatal, American rapper (b. 1977) 2016 - John Brademas, American politician and educator (b. 1927) 2016 - Emma Cohen, Spanish actress (b. 1946) 2016 - Elaine Fantham, English classicist (b. 1933) 2016 - Corrado Farina, Italian movie director, screenwriter and novelist (b. 1939) 2016 - Jim Metzen, American politician (b. 1943) 2017 - Fikret Hakan, Turkish actor (b. 1934) 2017 - Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini, Italian musicologist and composer (b. 1929) 2017 - Denis Mack Smith, British historian (b. 1920) 2017 - Buddy Wolfe, American professional wrestler (b. 1941) 2018 - Richard John Garcia, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1947) 2018 - Liu Zhenhua, Chinese general and politician (b. 1921) 2018 - Pat Swindall, American politician (b. 1950) 2018 - Abdelkhader Houamel, Algerian painter (b. 1936) 2018 - Mai Tai Sing, American actress and businesswoman (b. 1923) 2019 - Brendan Grace, Irish actor, comedian and singer (b. 1951) Observances Day of the Flemish Community in Belgium First Day of Naadam (Mongolia) National Day of Commemoration (Republic of Ireland) Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland) World Population Day Days of the year

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July 12

Events Up to 1900 927 - Aethelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that he (Constantine) will not ally with Viking Kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain. 1191 - Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre. 1470 - The Ottoman Empire capture Euboea. 1493 - Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published. 1543 – King Henry VIII of England married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace. 1561 - Moscow's St. Basil's Cathedral is consecrated. 1562 - Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya. 1573 – Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem after a seven-month siege. 1580 - The Ostrog Bible is published. It is one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language. 1690 – Williamite War in Ireland: Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar) – The army of William III of England defeats that of the deposed King James VII of Scotland and II of England. 1691 – Williamite War in Ireland: Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) – The decisive victory of William III's forces in Ireland. 1730 - Lorenzo Corsini, in old age and almost blind, becomes Pope Clement XII. 1759 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: British cannon start firing on French at Quebec City, from Lévis, Quebec. 1776 - James Cook begins his voyage. 1801 - French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras. 1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and formed the Confederation of the Rhine. On the same day, Liechtenstein is granted full sovereignty. 1812 – War of 1812: The United States invades Canada at Windsor, Ontario. 1862 – Medal of Honor authorized by the United States Congress. 1879 - The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded. 1892 – A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint Gervais. 1901 2000 1906 - French military officer Alfred Dreyfus is rehabilitated after his wrongful conviction in the so-called Dreyfus Trial over 12 years earlier. 1913 - Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin. 1917 - World War I: German troops first use mustard gas. 1917 - Bisbee Deportation: Vigilantes kidnap and deport near 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona. 1918 - Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachiblows up at Shunan, Western Honshu, killing 621 people. 1920 - In the Soviet-Lithuanian Peace Treaty, Soviet Russia recognizes Lithuanian independence. 1924 - The marathon at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris is run in the heat of 45 degrees Celsius. Only 15 out of 38 runners reach the finish line. Paavo Nurmi of Finland finishes first. 1932 – Lambeth Bridge, London, opened by King George V of the United Kingdom 1932 – Hedley Verity establishes a first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm. 1933 – Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour. 1943 – World War II: Battle of Kursk – German and Soviet forces engage in largest tank engagement of all time. 1950 – René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France. 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded. 1961 - Due to heavy rain, two reservoirs in the Indian state of Maharashtra break, causing heavy flooding in the city of Pune, killing 1,000 to 2,000 people. 1962 - The Rolling Stones perform their first concert at the Marquee Club in London. 1967 – Four days of race riots begin in Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people. 1970 - Fire destroys the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geir Tveitt. 90 percent of his output is destroyed. 1971 - The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time. 1973 – The 1973 National Archives Fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center. 1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence. 1979 – The island nation of Kiribati declares independence. 1979 – Reinhold Messner and Michael Dacher climb to the top of K2 without oxygen supplies. 1979 – Disco Demolition Night held at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois 1993 – A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the shore of Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri. 1998 – KDE 1.0 released. 1998 – 1998 FIFA World Cup: The France national football team beats the Brazil national football team 3-0, to win the FIFA World Cup for the first time, and in front of their home support. Before the final, there had been controversy over whether Brazil's Ronaldo would play in the game. From 2001 2002 – Gay rights: The Superior Court of Ontario orders Ontario to recognize same-sex marriages. 2004 – An earthquake strikes in Posočje, Slovenia, with 2 dead, and measuring 4.9 on the Richter scale. 2004 – Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed Prime Minister of Portugal. 2005 – Prince Albert II is enthroned as ruler of the Principality of Monaco. 2006 – War erupts between Israel and Lebanon. 2012 - A tank truck explosion in Okogie, Nigeria, kills over 100 people. 2013 - Malala Yousafzai speaks at the UN Headquarters on her 16th birthday, in support of education for all. 2013 - A train crash near Paris kills 6 people. 2014 - 2014 FIFA World Cup: After being humiliated a few days earlier (7-1) by the Germany national football team in the Semi-Final, the Brazil national football team, hosting the tournament, also loses the Third-Place play-off against the Netherlands national football team, 3-0. 2016 - A train collision in Apulia, South-eastern Italy, kills 27 people. 2017 - A massive iceberg, 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 square miles) large, breaks away from the Larsen C ice shelf in Antarctica. 2017 - Malta's parliament votes to legalise same-sex marriage. 2018 - US President Donald Trump starts a four-day visit to the United Kingdom. 2019 - Asasey hotel attack: Gunmen storm the Asasey hotel in Kismayo, Somalia, killing 26 people. Births Up to 1850 100 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman soldier and politician (d. 44 BC) 1394 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441) 1468 – Juan del Encina, poet and composer 1596 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645) 1607 - Jean Petitot, Swiss painter (d. 1691) 1675 - Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1742) 1730 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795) 1784 - Juan Mora Fernandez, Costa Rican Head of State (d. 1854) 1803 - Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841) 1807 – Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893) 1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist (d. 1878) 1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862) 1819 – Charles Kingsley, English writer (d. 1875) 1824 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898) 1828 - Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889) 1849 – Sir William Osler, Canadian physician, writer, professor of medicine (d. 1919) 1850 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912) 1851 1900 1852 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (d. 1933) 1854 – George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932) 1854 - Juan Gualberto Gómez, Cuban revolutionary leader (d. 1933) 1855 – Edward 'Ned' Hanlan, rower (d. 1908) 1861 - Anton Arensky, Russian composer, pianist and educator (d. 1906) 1863 - Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933) 1863 - Paul Drude, German physicist (d. 1906) 1864 – George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943) 1868 – Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933) 1870 – Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949) 1876 – Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944) 1880 – Tod Browning, American movie director (d. 1962) 1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920) 1886 – Jean Hersholt, Danish movie director and actor (d. 1956) 1892 – Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942) 1892 – Harry Piel, actor, movie director, and producer (d. 1963) 1895 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962) 1895 – R. Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983) 1895 – Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960) 1901 1950 1902 – Günther Anders, philosopher and writer (d. 1992) 1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize recipient (d. 1973) 1905 – Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919) 1906 - Pietro Tordi, Italian actor (d. 1990) 1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002) 1909 – Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d. 1993) 1909 - Fritz Leonhardt, German engineer (d. 1999) 1913 – Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008) 1916 - Robert E. Gilka, American photojournalist (d. 2013) 1917 – Andrew Wyeth, American artist (d. 2009) 1920 – Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000) 1920 – Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004) 1922 – Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator and Governor from Oregon (d. 2011) 1922 – Michael Ventris, English architect and philologist (d. 1956) 1923 - René Favaloro, Argentine heart surgeon (d. 2000) 1923 - Jonás Gómez Gallo, Chilean businessman and politician (d. 2019) 1925 – Roger B. Smith, American automobile executive 1926 - Carl Adam Petri, German mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2010) 1927 - Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (d. 2001) 1928 - Jo Myong-rok, North Korean politician (d. 2010) 1928 – Elias James Corey, American chemist 1928 - Kathy Staff, English actress (d. 2008) 1930 – Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and writer 1932 – Otis Davis, American runner 1932 - Monte Hellman, American movie director, producer and editor 1932 - Eddy Wally, Belgian singer (d. 2016) 1933 - Brian Cant, English actor, presenter and writer (d. 2017) 1933 – Donald E. Westlake, American writer (d. 2008) 1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist (d. 2013) 1935 - Roy Barraclough, English actor (d. 2017) 1935 – Hans Tilkowski, German footballer 1937 – Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor 1937 – Lionel Jospin, former Prime Minister of France 1937 - Michel Louvin, Canadian singer 1938 - Jaishankar, Indian actor (d. 2000) 1943 - Paul Silas, American basketball player and coach 1943 – Christine McVie, singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac) 1944 - Delia Ephron, American author, screenwriter and playwright 1945 - Leopoldo Mastelloni, Italian actor 1946 – Valentina Tolkunova, Russian singer (d. 2010) 1946 – Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player 1947 - Wilko Johnson, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor 1948 – Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer, actor, comedian, producer and writer 1948 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Sufi musician (d. 1997) 1948 - Jay Thomas, American actor (d. 2017) 1948 - Ben Burtt, American sound designer 1948 - Walter Egan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1950 – Eric Carr, American drummer (Kiss) (d. 1991) 1950 - Gilles Meloche, Canadian ice hockey player 1951 1975 1951 - Cheryl Ladd, American actress and singer 1952 - Voja Antonic, Serbian inventor and journalist 1952 - Irina Bokova, Bulgarian politician, Director-General of UNESCO 1952 - Philip Taylor Kramer, American bass player (Iron Butterfly) (d. 1995) 1952 - Liz Mitchell, Jamaican performer (Boney M) 1953 – John Ausonius, Swedish criminal 1954 – Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer 1955 - Jimmy LaFave, American singer-songwriter and folk musician (d. 2017) 1956 - Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player 1957 - Dave Semenko, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2017) 1959 - King Tupou VI of Tonga 1959 - Charlie Murphy, American actor and writer (d. 2016) 1960 - Corynne Charby, French model, actress and singer 1961 - Masaaki Mori, Japanese footballer 1961 - Shiva Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer and producer 1962 - Luc De Vos, Belgian musician and writer (d. 2014) 1962 - Dean Wilkins, English footballer 1964 – Gaby Roslin, English television presenter 1966 - Annabel Croft, English tennis player 1966 - Tamsin Greig, English actress 1966 - Ana Torrent, Spanish actress 1967 – Richard Herring, English comedian 1967 - John Petrucci, American guitarist 1967 - Bruny Surin, Haitian-Canadian athlete 1969 - Jesse Pintado, American guitarist (d. 2006) 1969 - Chantal Jouanno, French politician 1971 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater 1972 – Travis Best, NBA player 1973 - Magoo, American rapper 1973 – Christian Vieri, Italian footballer 1974 – Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer 1974 - Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer and composer 1974 - Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler 1975 - Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer 1975 - Carolina Kasting, Brazilian actress 1975 - Anastassia Michaeli, Israeli journalist, television presenter and politician From 1976 1976 – Anna Friel, English actress 1977 – Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler 1978 – Topher Grace, American actor 1978 - Michelle Rodriguez, American actress 1980 - Tom Price, Welsh actor 1982 – Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer 1984 – Gareth Gates, English singer 1984 - Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer 1985 - Emil Hegle Svendsen, Norwegian biathlete 1985 - Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer 1986 – Simone Laudehr, German footballer 1986 - Didier Digard, French footballer 1986 - Krystal Forscutt, Australian model, actress and singer 1988 - Patrick Beverley, American basketball player 1989 - Nick Palmieri, American ice hockey player 1989 - Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model 1991 - James Rodríguez, Colombian footballer 1991 – Erik Per Sullivan, American actor 1992 – Eoghan Quigg, Northern Irish singer 1995 - Luke Shaw, English footballer 1995 - Jordyn Wieber, American artistic gymnast 1996 – Jordan Romero, American mountain climber 1996 - Moussa Dembélé, French footballer 1997 - Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist for education Deaths Up to 1900 783 – Bertrada, wife of Pippin III (b. 720) 1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394) 1536 – Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher (b. around 1466) 1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596) 1664 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610) 1682 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620) 1712 – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626) 1742 - Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675) 1773 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697) 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755) 1838 - Ezra Butler, American politician, Governor of Vermont (b. 1763) 1845 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian writer (b. 1808) 1845 - Ludwig Persius, Prussian architect (b. 1803) 1855 - Pavel Nakhimov, Russian admiral (b. 1802) 1849 – Dolley Madison, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768) 1892 - Alexander Cartwright, American inventor of baseball (b. 1820) 1901 2000 1901 - Richard B. Hubbard, 17th Governor of Texas (b. 1832) 1910 – Charles Stewart Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887) 1918 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864) 1923 - William P. Dillingham, Governor of Vermont (b. 1843) 1926 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (b. 1868) 1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish clergyman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1866) 1934 - Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American inventor (b. 1877) 1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859) 1944 - Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general and politician (b. 1887) 1945 - Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician and engineer (b. 1871) 1945 - Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895) 1947 - Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1902) 1949 – Douglas Hyde, first President of Ireland (b. 1860) 1950 – Elsie De Wolfe, actress and interior decorator (b. 1865) 1960 - Buddy Adler, American movie producer (b. 1909) 1962 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907) 1969 - Henry George Lamond, Australian novelist (b. 1885) 1978 - Esmond Harmsworth, 2nd Viscount Rothermere, English politician and media magnate (b. 1898) 1979 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (b. 1947) 1982 - Kenneth More, English actor (b. 1914) 1988 – Josh Logan, movie director and writer 1990 - Joao Saldanha, Brazilian footballer, manager and journalist (b. 1917) 1996 – John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927) 1996 – Jonathan Melvoin, musician and keyboardist (The Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961) 1998 - Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1907) 1999 – Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914) 1999 – Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1929) From 2001 2003 – Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907) 2007 – Kesha Wizzart, British singer (b. 1988) 2008 - Tony Snow, American journalist (b. 1955) 2010 – Günter Behnisch, German architect (b. 1922) 2010 – Harvey Pekar, American comic book writer and artist (b. 1939) 2011 - Sherwood Schwartz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1916) 2012 - Dara Singh, Indian wrestler and actor (b. 1928) 2013 - Pran, Indian actor (b. 1920) 2013 - Amar Bose, American sound engineer and entrepreneur (b. 1929) 2013 - Alan Whicker, English broadcaster (b. 1925) 2014 - Nestor Basterretxea, Basque artist (b. 1924) 2014 - Valeriya Novodvorskaya, Russian liberal politician (b. 1950) 2014 - Emil Bobu, Romanian politician (b. 1927) 2014 - Kenneth J. Gray, American politician (b. 1924) 2014 - Alberto Cassano, Argentine engineer and academic (b. 1935) 2015 - Chenjerai Hove, Zimbabwean writer (b. 1956) 2015 - Cheng Siwei, Chinese economist (b. 1935) 2015 - Tenzin Delek Rinpoche, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1950) 2015 - Javier Krahe, Spanish singer-songwriter (b. 1944) 2016 - Zygmunt Zimowski, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1949) 2017 - Chuck Blazer, American soccer administrator (b. 1945) 2017 - Gerrit Braks, Dutch politician (b. 1933) 2017 - Sam Glanzman, American comic artist (b. 1924) 2017 - Tamara Miansarova, Russian pop singer (b. 1931) 2017 - Ray Phiri, South African jazz musician (b. 1947) 2017 - Tod Sloan, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927) 2018 - Abbas Amir-Entezam, Iranian politician and political prisoner (b. 1932) 2018 - Alain Fauré, French politician (b. 1962) 2018 - Roger Perry, American actor (b. 1933) 2018 - Dada Vaswani, Indian spiritual leader and writer (b. 1918) 2018 - Robert Wolders, Dutch actor (b. 1936) 2018 - Xerardo Fernández Albor, Spanish politician, President of Galicia (b. 1917) 2019 - Fernando J. Corbató, American computer scientist (b. 1926) 2019 - Hodan Nalayeh, Somali-Canadian journalist (b. 1976) 2019 - Claudio Naranjo, Chilean psychiatrist (b. 1932) 2019 - M. J. Radhakrishnan, Indian cinematographer (b. 1957/1958) 2019 - Jean-Pierre Worms, French sociologist and politician (b. 1934) Observances Independence Day in Kiribati and São Tomé and Príncipe Second Day of Naadam (Mongolia) The Twelfth, or Orangeman's Day, commemorating the Battle of the Boyne (Northern Ireland) Days of the year

10041

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2010

July 10

Events Up to 1900 48 BC – Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. 988 – Founding date of the city of Dublin. 1212 – London is almost completely destroyed by fire. 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes Henry VI of England prisoner in the Battle of Northampton. 1499 – Portuguese explorer Nicolau Coelho returns to Lisbon, after discovering the sea route to India as a companion to Vasco da Gama, who died on December 24 the previous year. 1519 – Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming Dynasty Zhengde Emperor as a usurper, beginning the Prince of Ning rebellion, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing. 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the English throne following the death of 15-year-old Edward VI of England on July 6. She becomes known as the "Nine-day queen". 1584 – William I of Orange is assassinated in Delft by Balthasar Gérard. 1645 – English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place. 1778 – American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the United Kingdom of Great Britain. 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River Delta. 1821 – The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain. 1832 – US president Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States. 1850 – Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th president of the United States. 1882 – War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepcion when a garrison of 77 men is virtually wiped out by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears. 1890 – Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state. 1901 1950 1908 – Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes manages to turn helium into liquid. 1913 – Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States. In 2012 it is also recognized as the hottest-recorded temperature in the world after a record set in Libya in 1922 is discredited. 1921 – Belfast's Bloody Sunday: 16 people are killed and 161 houses are destroyed during rioting and gun battles. 1925 – Meher Baba begins his 44-year silence. 1925 – The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the official news agency of the Soviet Union, is established. 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law. 1931 – Norway annexes Erik Raudes Land (Eric the Red Land) in eastern Greenland. 1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world. 1940 – World War II: Vichy France government established. 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – The German Luftwaffe begin to hit British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though). 1942 – The Netherlands and Soviet Union start diplomatic relations. 1943 – World War II: Operation Husky – British, American and Canadian troops land on Sicily. 1945 – Saarland changes its occupying force from American to French. 1946 – A hyperinflation (a big and quick increase in prices) record is set in Hungary. 1947 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor-General of Pakistan by British prime minister Clement Attlee. 1951 2000 1951 – Korean War: At Kaesong, armistice negotiations begin. 1951 – Randy Turpin becomes the middleweight boxing champion after defeating Sugar Ray Robinson. 1962 – Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit. 1967 – Uruguay becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. 1968 – Maurice Couve de Murville becomes prime minister of France 1973 – The Bahamas gain full independence within the British Commonwealth. 1973 – The National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on the recognition of Bangladesh as an independent state. 1976 – An environmental disaster occurs at a chemical plant in Seveso, Italy. 1978 – Moktar Ould Daddah is ousted in a coup as president of Mauritania. 1980 – London's Alexandra Palace burns down for a second time. 1985 – Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand Harbor by French DGSE agents. 1985 – In response to market demand, Coca-Cola re-introduces its old formula cola as "Coca-Cola Classic" (see New Coke). 1991 – Boris Yeltsin begins his 5-year term as the first elected president of Russia. 1991 – The South African cricket team is re-admitted to the International Cricket Council after being banned for its Apartheid policy. 1992 – In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations. 1997 – London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. 1998 – The remains of United States Air Force 1st Lt. Michael Joseph Blassie are returned to his family in St. Louis, Missouri from the Tomb of the Unknowns upon identification through DNA analysis. The remains had been in the first tomb since 1984. 1998 – Catholic priests' sex abuse scandal: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos. 2000 – A leaking southern Nigerian petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers scavenging gasoline. 2000 – EADS, the world's second largest aerospace group, is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA. From 2001 2002 – At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" is sold for £49.5 million (US $76.2 million) to Lord Kenneth Thomson. 2003 – A Neoplan bus, owned by Kowloon Motor Bus, collides with a truck, falls off a bridge on Tuen Mun Road, Hong Kong, and plunges into the underlying valley, killing 21 people. This is the deadliest bus accident to date in Hong Kong. 2003 – Wikibooks, a project of the Wikimedia Foundation, is created. 2006 – For the first time in history, the positions of president and prime minister in a country are held by twin brothers (In Poland, with Lech Kaczynski and Jaroslaw Kaczynski respectively). 2010 – A week-long manhunt comes to an end in Northumberland, England, when fugitive criminal Raoul Moat commits suicide by gunshot after a stand-off with police. 2011 – British Sunday tabloid newspaper, The News of the World, ends publication after a major phone-hacking scandal. 2011 – Russian river cruiser Bulgaria sinks on the Volga River, killing over 100 people. 2016 – Portugal wins UEFA Euro 2016, defeating host nation France in extra time in the final. 2019 – Kim Darroch resigns as Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United States following a leak of comments criticising the administration of Donald Trump and Trump's subsequent reaction to them. Births Up to 1900 1419 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471) 1451 – James III of Scotland (d. 1488) 1509 – John Calvin, Swiss reformer (d. 1564) 1515 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Viceroy of Peru (d. 1582) 1517 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal (d. 1571) 1592 – Pierre d'Hozier, French genealogist (d. 1660) 1625 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703) 1640 – Aphra Behn, English writer, spy and feminist (d. 1689) 1682 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716) 1723 – William Blackstone, English jurist, professor and politician (d. 1780) 1724 – Eva Ekeblad, Swedish countess and scientist (d. 1786) 1736 – Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1807) 1792 – George M. Dallas, 11th vice president of the United States (d. 1864) 1804 – Emma Smith, American religious leader (d. 1879) 1830 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903) 1832 – Alvan Graham Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1897) 1834 – James McNeill Whistler, American painter (d. 1903) 1835 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880) 1839 – Adolphus Busch, German-born brewer (d. 1913) 1849 – John W. Griggs, American politician (d. 1927) 1856 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian physicist and inventor (d. 1943) 1867 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929) 1871 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922) 1871 – Hugh M. Dorsey, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1948) 1872 – Ivar Wickman, Swedish physician (d. 1914) 1874 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (d. 1971) 1875 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955) 1877 – Hélène Dutrieux, Belgian pilot (d. 1961) 1883 – Friedrich Flick, German industrialist and Nazi war criminal (d. 1972) 1888 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978) 1888 – Toyohiko Kagawa, Japanese evangelist, author and activist (d. 1960) 1894 – Jimmy McHugh, American composer (d. 1969) 1895 – Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982) 1895 – Nahum Goldmann, founder of the World Jewish Congress (d. 1982) 1897 – Karl Plagge, German army officer, engineer and humanitarian (d. 1957) 1899 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936) 1899 – Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (d. 1978) 1901 1925 1902 – Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958) 1903 – John Wyndham, British writer (d. 1969) 1903 – Werner Best, German SS officer (d. 1989) 1904 – Lili Damita, French-American actress (d. 1994) 1905 – Wolfram Sievers, German Nazi physician (d. 1948) 1907 – Blind Boy Fuller, American singer and guitarist (d. 1941) 1914 – Joe Shuster, Canadian cartoonist (d. 1992) 1917 – Don Herbert, American television host and producer (d. 2007) 1917 – Reg Smythe, English cartoonist (d. 1998) 1919 – Pierre Gamarra, French poet and writer (d. 2009) 1920 – David Brinkley, American television reporter (d. 2003) 1920 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006) 1921 – Harvey Ball, American inventor (d. 2001) 1921 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist (d. 2009) 1922 – Jake LaMotta, American boxer (d. 2017) 1922 – Herb McKenley, Jamaican sprinter (d. 2007) 1923 – Jean Kerr, American writer (d. 2003) 1923 – Earl Hamner Jr., American writer and television producer (d. 2016) 1924 – Johnny Bach, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016) 1924 – Bobo Brazil, American wrestler (d. 1998) 1925 – Mahathir Mohamad, 4th and 7th prime minister of Malaysia 1926 1950 1926 – Fred Gwynne, American actor (d. 1993) 1927 – Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician (d. 2018) 1927 – David Dinkins, 106th Mayor of New York City 1929 – Winnie Ewing, Scottish lawyer and politician 1929 – George Clayton Johnson, American writer (d. 2015) 1929 – Moe Norman, Canadian golfer (d. 2004) 1930 – Susan Cummings, German-American actress (d. 2016) 1931 – Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968) 1931 – Alice Munro, Canadian writer 1932 – Carlo Maria Abate, Italian racing driver (d. 2019) 1933 – C.K. Yang, Taiwanese decathlete and pole vaulter (d. 2007) 1934 – Alfred Biolek, German entertainer 1934 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer and voice actor (d. 2012) 1936 – Lois Lilienstein, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram) (d. 2015) 1937 – Edwards Barham, American businessman and politician (d. 2014) 1938 – Paul Andreu, French architect 1939 – Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Turkish politician, journalist, and educator (d. 1999) 1940 – Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai, Indian-English economist and politician 1940 – Tom Farmer, Scottish businessman 1940 – Helen Donath, American soprano 1940 – Erich Iltgen, German politician (d. 2019) 1941 – David G. Hartwell, American critic, publisher and editor (d. 2016) 1942 – Pyotr Klimuk, Soviet cosmonaut 1942 – Sixto Rodriguez, Mexican-American folk musician and singer-songwriter 1942 – Ronnie James Dio, American musician (d. 2010) 1943 – Nasr Abu Zayd, Egyptian-Dutch academic (d. 2010) 1943 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (d. 1993) 1945 – Virginia Wade, English tennis player 1945 – Ron Glass, American actor 1945 – John Motson, English sports broadcaster 1946 – Stuart Christie, Scottish anarchist and writer 1946 – Sue Lyon, American actress 1946 – Henryk Kasperczak, Polish footballer and coach 1947 – Arlo Guthrie, American musician 1950 – Prokopis Pavlopoulos, president of Greece 1951 1975 1951 – Cheryl Wheeler, American singer and songwriter 1952 – Lee Hae-chan, former prime minister of South Korea 1954 – Neil Tennant, British musician (Pet Shop Boys) 1957 – Cindy Sheehan, American activist 1958 – Fiona Shaw, Irish actress 1958 – Bela Fleck, American musician 1959 – Anjani, American singer-songwriter and pianist 1965 – Princess Alexa of Greece and Denmark 1968 – Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete 1970 – John Simm, English actor 1970 – Jason Orange, English singer (Take That) 1970 – Lisa Coleman, English actress 1970 – Adam Hills, Australian comedian, actor and presenter 1971 – Adam Foote, Canadian ice hockey player 1972 – Peter Serafinowicz, English comedian 1972 – Sofía Vergara, Colombian actress 1972 – Tilo Wolff, German singer, pianist and composer 1973 – Annie Mumolo, American actress, screenwriter and producer 1974 – Daniele Adani, Italian footballer 1974 – Imelda May, Irish singer-songwriter 1975 – Andrew Firestone, American businessman 1975 – Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1975 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor (d. 2018) From 1976 1976 – Ludovic Giuly, French footballer 1976 – Adrian Grenier, American actor 1976 – Lars Ricken, German footballer 1977 – Schapelle Corby, Australian criminal 1977 – Chiwetel Ejiofor, British actor 1977 – Levan Kobiashvili, Georgian footballer 1977 – Moktar Ali Zubeyr, Somali militant (d. 2014) 1979 – Tobias Unger, German athlete 1980 – Katrina Bryan, Scottish actress 1980 – Alejandro Millan, Mexican singer-songwriter and keyboardist 1980 – Thomas Ian Nicholas, British actor 1980 – Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000) 1980 – James Rolfe, American actor, director and producer 1980 – Jessica Simpson, American singer 1981 – Aleksandar Tunchev, Bulgarian footballer 1982 – Sebastian Mila, Polish footballer 1983 – Kim Heechul, South Korean singer and actor 1983 – Golshifteh Farahani, Iranian actress, musician and singer 1984 – María Julia Mantilla, Peruvian model 1985 – Park Chu-young, South Korean footballer 1985 – Mario Gómez, German footballer 1989 – Carlos Zambrano, Peruvian footballer 1990 – Sung Joon, South Korean model and actress 1991 – Matsuko Maeda, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48) 1993 – Perrie Edwards, English singer (Little Mix) 1995 – Ada Hegerberg, Norwegian footballer 1997 – Rena Kato, Japanese singer, dancer, model and actress 1998 – Haley Pullos, American actress 2001 – Isabela Moner, American actress and singer Deaths Up to 1900 138 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor (b. 76) 649 – Emperor Taizong of Tang of China (b. 598) 983 – Pope Benedict VII 1103 – Eric I of Denmark 1290 – Ladislaus II of Hungary (b. 1262) 1461 – Stephen Thomas of Bosnia (b. 1412) 1510 – Caterina Comaro, Queen of Cyprus 1559 – Henry II of France (b. 1519) 1584 – William the Silent (William of Orange), Dutch leader (b. 1533) 1590 – Archduke Charles II of Austria, regent of Inner Austria (b. 1540) 1805 – Thomas Wedgwood, English photography pioneer (b. 1771) 1806 – George Stubbs, British painter (b. 1724) 1820 – William Wyatt Bibb, American politician, 1st Governor of Alabama (b. 1781) 1851 – Louis Daguerre, French photographer and physicist (b. 1787) 1881 – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect and educator (b. 1812) 1884 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837) 1901 2000 1908 – Phoebe Knapp, American organist and composer (b. 1839) 1910 – Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (b. 1812) 1920 – Jackie Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841) 1927 – Louise Abbéma, French painter (b. 1853) 1934 – Erich Mühsam, German writer, journalist and anarchist (b. 1878) 1941 – Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz musician (b. 1890) 1970 – Bjarni Benediktsson, prime minister of Iceland (b. 1908) 1972 – Lovie Austin, American pianist, composer and bandleader (b. 1887) 1978 – John D Rockefeller III, American businessman (b. 1906) 1978 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (b. 1901) 1979 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894) 1985 – Fernando Pereira, Portuguese-Dutch photographer (b. 1950) 1987 – John Hammond, American record producer (b. 1910) 1989 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (b. 1908) From 2001 2003 – Lord Shawcross, Britain's chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1902) 2003 – Winston Graham, English writer (b. 1908) 2004 – Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, Portuguese politician (b. 1930) 2004 – Inge Meysel, German actress (b. 1910) 2008 – Hiroaki Aoki, Japanese-American wrestler and businessman (b. 1938) 2010 – Raoul Moat, British fugitive criminal (b. 1973) 2010 – Sugar Minott, Jamaican musician (b. 1956) 2011 – Roland Petit, French choreographer (b. 1924) 2012 – Lol Coxhill, English saxophonist (b. 1933) 2013 – Concha García Campoy, Spanish journalist (b. 1958) 2013 – Ibrahim Youssef, Egyptian footballer (b. 1959) 2014 – Zohra Sehgal, Indian actress and choreographer (b. 1912) 2014 – Robert C. Broomfield, American judge (b. 1933) 2015 – Omar Sharif, Egyptian actor (b. 1932) 2015 – Roger Rees, Welsh-American actor (b. 1944) 2015 – Jon Vickers, Canadian tenor (b. 1926) 2016 – Robert E. Cooper, Sr., American judge (b. 1920) 2016 – Anatoli Isayev, Russian footballer (b. 1932) 2016 – Alfred G. Knudson, American geneticist (b. 1927) 2017 – Jim Bush, American track and field coach (b. 1926) 2017 – Isabelle Sadoyan, French actress (b. 1928) 2017 – Mangesh Tendulkar, Indian cartoonist (b. 1935) 2017 – Augustin Buzura, Romanian writer and journalist (b. 1937) 2018 – Clive King, English author (b. 1924) 2018 – John Laird, Baron Laird, British politician (b. 1944) 2018 – Henry Morgenthau III, American author and television producer (b. 1917) 2018 – Jan Henry T. Olsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1956) 2018 – Darryl Rogers, American football coach (b. 1935) 2018 – José María Setién, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1928) 2018 – Mien Schopman-Klaver, Dutch athlete (b. 1911) 2018 – John A. Stormer, American political writer (b. 1928) 2018 – Ye Lwin, Burmese guitarist and peace activist (b. 1947) 2019 – Paulo Henrique Amorim, Brazilian journalist (b. 1942) 2019 – Jim Bouton, American baseball player, writer and actor (b. 1939) 2019 – Valentina Cortese, Italian actress (b. 1923) 2019 – Motto McLean, Scottish-Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1925) 2019 – Walt Michaels, American football player and coach (b. 1929) 2019 – Denise Nickerson, American actress (b. 1957) Observances Independence Day – the Bahamas Statehood Day – Wyoming Silence Day Days of the year

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July 21

Events Up to 1900 356 BC The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (present-day Turkey), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is destroyed in an arson attack. 230 Pope Pontian succeeds Pope Urban I. 285 Diocletian appoints Maximian as Roman Caesar and co-ruler. 365 After a magnitude 8 earthquake, and a tsunami, around 50,000 people are killed in and around Alexandria, Egypt. 1342 The St. Mary Magdalene's flood leads to several rivers in central Europe bursting their banks. It is Europe's worst flood of the second millennium. 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels in the north of the county of Shropshire. 1545 The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight, during the island's French invasion. 1645 Qing Dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus. 1656 The Raid on Malaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. 1718 The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. 1774 The First Russo-Turkish War ends. 1795 Mungo Park becomes the first European to reach the River Niger. 1798 Battle of the Pyramids: Napoleon Bonaparte's army defeats the army of the Mamluks under the leadership of Mourad Bey. 1822 Agustin de Iturbide becomes Emperor of Mexico. 1831 The British Guyana colony is created. 1831 Leopold I, King of the Belgians becomes Belgium's first king. 1843 Antwerp Zoo is founded, becoming the first zoo in Belgium. 1847 Spain recognizes Bolivia's independence. 1861 American Civil War: The First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas ends in Confederate victory. 1865 Wild Bill Hickok shoots Davis Tutt in one of the first Western showdowns. 1873 At Adair, Iowa Jesse James and the James Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the Old American West. 1897 London's Tate Gallery opens. 1901 2000 1902 The steamer Primus sinks in the Elbe River near Hamburg, killing 101 people. 1904 Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the barrier on land. He drove a 15-litre Gobron-Brille in Ostend, Belgium. 1907 The passenger steamer SS Columbia collides with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California. The Columbia sinks, killing 88 people. 1914 Romania, it is decided, is neutral in World War I, after a decision by the country's crown council. 1925 Tennessee high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching the theory of evolution. He is fined 100 dollars. 1925 Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to break the land barrier at Pendine Sands, Wales. He drove a Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of . 1938 In a peace deal at the end of the Chaco War, Bolivia loses part of its territory to Paraguay. That makes Paraguay twice as big. 1944 Leaders of the July 20 plot to kill Adolf Hitler are executed. 1944 World War II: The Battle of Guam begins. 1949 The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty. 1951 The Dalai Lama returns to Tibet from exile. 1954 Publication of the first part of the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. 1954 The Geneva Conference decides to split Vietnam into North and South. 1959 Pumpsie Green becomes the first African American to play for the Boston Red Sox baseball team. 1961 Gus Grissom becomes the second American in space. 1962 British band the Rolling Stones play their first show, at the Marquee Club in London. 1969 At 2:56 am on this day (July 20 in the US), Apollo 11 lands, leading to Neil Armstrong becoming the first person to walk on the Moon. 1970 In Egypt, the Aswan Dam is completed. 1972 The Troubles: Bloody Friday - Provisional IRA members detonate 22 bombs in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the space of 80 minutes. 1973 Lillehammer affair: The Mossad kills waiter Ahmed Bouchiki in Norway, mistakenly thinking he was terrorist leader Ali Hassan Salameh. 1974 Eddy Merckx wins his 5th Tour de France. 1977 Start of the four-day Libyan-Egyptian War. 1983 The lowest-measured temperature is recorded as at the Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica. 1992 Russia and Moldova enter into a peace agreement. 1994 Tony Blair becomes leader of the British Labour Party. 1994 Jacques Santer is elected President of the European Commission. 1996 Bjarne Riis becomes the first Scandinavian to win the Tour de France. From 2001 2001 At the end of a fireworks display in Okura Beach, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan, the footbridge connecting the beach to the JR Asagiri railway station becomes crowded, with the resulting crush killing 11 people and injuring 120. 2005 Four suicide bombers fail to detonate their bombs on London's underground and bus systems. 2005 Horst Koehler dissolves the Bundestag (German Parliament) ahead of an early election. 2007 The last novel in the Harry Potter series goes on sale. 2008 Former Bosnian-Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is arrested on war crimes charges in Belgrade, after several years in disguise. 2011 The Space Shuttle program ends, as the Space Shuttle Atlantis returns safely to Earth on its last mission. 2013 King Albert II of Belgium leaves the throne to his son, who becomes King Philippe of Belgium, and is therefore the 7th King of the Belgians. 2013 British cyclist Chris Froome wins the 100th Tour de France. 2016 Donald Trump accepts the Republican Party nomination for US President. Births Up to 1900 1414 Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484) 1515 Philip Neri, Italian saint (d. 1595) 1620 Jean Picard, French astronomer (d. 1682) 1664 Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (d. 1721) 1693 Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1768) 1766 Thomas Charles Hope, Scottish physician and chemist (d. 1844) 1808 Simion Barnutiu, Romanian philosopher, liberal politician, jurist and historian (d. 1864) 1810 Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878) 1816 Paul Reuter, German-British journalist (d. 1899) 1821 Vasile Alecsandri, Romanian poet, dramatist and politician (d. 1890) 1843 Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal (d. 1884) 1851 Sam Bass, American train robber and outlaw (d. 1878) 1856 Wilhelm Geiger, German indologist (d. 1943) 1858 Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain (d. 1929) 1858 Lovis Corinth, German painter and graphic artist (d. 1925) 1864 Frances Folsom Cleveland, First Lady of the United States (d. 1947) 1870 Emil Orlik, Czech painter and graphic artist (d. 1932) 1873 Charles Schlee, Danish-American cyclist (d. 1947) 1875 Charles Gondouin, French rugby player (d. 1947) 1879 Joseph A. A. Burnquist, Governor of Minnesota (d. 1961) 1880 Milan Rastislav Stefanik, Slovakian politician and astronomer (d. 1919) 1882 David Burliuk, Ukrainian illustrator, publicist and author (d. 1967) 1885 Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, screenwriter and movie director (d. 1948) 1891 Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower (d. 1969) 1893 Hans Fallada, German writer (d. 1947) 1893 Margarete Sommer, German humanitarian (d. 1965) 1897 Edmund Heines, German Nazi politician (d. 1934) 1899 Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932) 1899 Ernest Hemingway, American writer (d. 1961) 1901 1950 1903 Roy Neuberger, American financier and art collector (d. 2010) 1908 Ljerko Spiller, Argentine conductor and violinist (d. 2008) 1908 Harold "Jug" McSpaden, American golfer (d. 1996) 1911 Marshall McLuhan, Canadian writer (d. 1980) 1914 Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Italian screenwriter (d. 2010) 1919 Nuto Revelli, Italian military, resistance activist, professor and writer (d. 2004) 1920 John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014) 1920 Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (d. 2001) 1920 Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter (d. 2005) 1920 Mohammed Dib, Algerian journalist and writer (d. 2003) 1921 James Cooke Brown, American sociologist (d. 2000) 1922 Jay Hammond, Governor of Alaska (d. 2005) 1922 Kay Starr, American entertainer (d. 2016) 1922 Molly Sugden, British actress (d. 2009) 1923 Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist 1924 Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan 1924 Don Knotts, American actor (d. 2006) 1925 Anne Meacham, American actress (d. 2006) 1926 Norman Jewison, Canadian movie director 1926 Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013) 1926 Karel Reisz, Czech-English director (d. 2002) 1930 Helen Merrill, American jazz singer 1933 John Gardner, American writer (d. 1982) 1934 Jonathan Miller, British director, actor and author 1935 Norbert Blüm, German politician 1938 Janet Reno, United States Attorney General (d. 2016) 1938 Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer and conductor 1939 Helmut Haller, German footballer (d. 2012) 1939 Kim Fowley, American record producer (d. 2015) 1941 Martin Bandier, music publisher 1943 Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014) 1943 Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016) 1944 Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian novelist (d. 2017) 1944 John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (d. 2012) 1944 Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (d. 2002) 1945 Lydia Shum, Hong Kong actress and singer (d. 2008) 1945 John Lowe, English darts player 1945 Wendy Cope, English poet 1946 Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge 1946 Jüri Tarmak, Estonian high jumper 1947 Chetan Chauan, Indian cricketer 1947 Co Adriaanse, Dutch football manager 1948 Beppe Grillo, Italian actor, comedian and political activist (Five Star Movement) 1948 Ed Hinton, sportswriter 1948 Yusuf Islam, English singer, formerly known as Cat Stevens 1948 Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist 1948 Litto Nebbia, Argentine tango and rock musician 1948 Snooty, American manatee (d. 2017) 1950 Susan Kramer, English politician 1951 1975 1951 Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014) 1953 John Salazar, American politician 1953 Jeff Fatt, Australian musician (The Wiggles) 1955 Marcelo Bielsa, Argentine footballer and manager 1955 Taco, Indonesian-born Dutch singer 1955 Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter and producer (d. 2003) 1955 Béla Tarr, Hungarian actor, director and screenwriter 1955 Dannel Malloy, American politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut 1957 Stefan Löfven, Prime Minister of Sweden 1957 Jon Lovitz, American comedian 1958 Dave Henderson, American baseball player (d. 2015) 1960 Lance Guest, American actor 1962 Mokgweetsi Masisi, 5th President of Botswana 1964 Ross Kemp, British actor 1964 Jens Weissflog, German ski jumper 1965 Gudni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer 1968 Brandi Chastain, American soccer player 1968 Lyle Odelein, hockey player 1969 Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1970 Angus MacNeil, Scottish politician 1971 Charlotte Gainsbourg, French actress 1972 Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan long-distance runner 1972 Simon Reeve, English television presenter and writer 1973 Roberto Bisconti, Belgian footballer 1973 Ali Landry, American model and actress 1973 Caroline Néron, Canadian singer, actress and fashion designer From 1976 1977 Paul Casey, British golfer 1977 Jaime Murray, British actress 1978 Kyoko Iwasaki, Japanese swimmer 1978 Gary Teale, Scottish footballer 1978 Josh Hartnett, American actor 1978 Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer 1979 David Carr, American football player 1979 Dorinel Gurbina, Romanian handball player 1979 Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer 1980 CC Sabathia, American baseball player 1981 Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress 1981 Yushin Okami, Japanese mixed martial artist 1981 Joaquín Sánchez, Spanish footballer 1982 Mao Kobayashi, Japanese actress 1983 Kellen Winslow Jr., American football player 1983 Eivør Pálsdóttir, Faroese singer and composer 1984 Liam Ridgewell, English footballer 1985 Von Wafer, American basketball player 1986 Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer 1986 Livia Brito, Cuban-Mexican actress and model 1986 Rebecca Ferguson, English singer 1988 DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player 1989 Rory Culkin, American actor 1989 Ali Cobrin, American actress 1989 Juno Temple, English actress 1989 Marco Fabian, Mexican footballer 1989 Chris Gunter, Welsh footballer 1990 Chris Martin, English footballer 1992 Rachael Flatt, American figure skater 1992 Jessica Barden, English actress 1995 Baekho, South Korean singer Deaths Up to 1950 1403 Henry Percy, English nobleman and soldier (b. 1364) 1425 Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1350) 1552 Antonio de Mendoza, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495) 1793 Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French explorer (b. 1739) 1796 Robert Burns, Scottish poet (b. 1759) 1796 Philip Carteret, English explorer (b. 1733) 1859 John Gayle, American politician (b. 1792) 1865 Davis Tutt, American gambler and salloon drinker (b. 1836) 1878 Sam Bass, American train robber and outlaw (b. 1851) 1880 Hiram Walden, American politician (b. 1800) 1889 Nelson Dewey, American politician (b. 1813) 1899 Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier and politician (b. 1833) 1907 Nicolae Grigorescu, Romanian painter (b. 1838) 1938 Owen Wister, American writer (b. 1860) 1941 Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian writer and poet (b. 1872) 1943 Charley Paddock, American politician (b. 1900) 1944 Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, leader of the July 20 plot to kill Hitler (b. 1907) 1944 Ludwig Beck, German Chief of Staff (b. 1880) 1946 Gualberto Villarroel, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908) 1948 Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904) 1951 2010 1967 Albert Lutuli, South African political activist (b. 1898) 1967 Basil Rathbone, British actor (b. 1892) 1968 Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878) 1970 Mikhail Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907) 1972 Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (b. 1928) 1972 Ralph Craig, American sprinter (b. 1889) 1973 Ahmed Bouchiki, Algerian-born victim of mistaken identity, killed by the Mossad in Norway (b. 1943) 1982 Dave Garroway, American journalist (b. 1913) 1991 Paul Warwick, English racing driver (b. 1969) 1998 Robert Young, American actor (b. 1907) 1998 Alan Shepard, the first American to travel into space (b. 1923) 2004 Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist (b. 1918) 2010 Anthony Rolfe Johnson, British operatic tenor (b. 1940) 2010 Luis Corvalán, Chilean Communist politician (b. 1916) From 2011 2011 Kazimierz Świątek, former Catholic Cardinal of Belarus, Gulag survivor (b. 1914) 2011 Bruce Sundlum, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1920) 2012 Susanne Lothar, German actress (b. 1960) 2014 Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1927) 2014 John M. Coyne, American politician (b. 1916) 2014 Hans-Peter Kaul, German judge (b. 1943) 2014 Dan Borislow, American telecommunications executive (b. 1961) 2014 Harald Hove, Norwegian politician (b. 1949) 2015 Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949) 2015 Theodore Bikel, Austrian-American actor (b. 1924) 2015 Robert Broberg, Swedish singer and songwriter (b. 1940) 2015 E. L. Doctorow, American writer (b. 1931) 2015 Luiz Paulo Conde, Brazilian politician and architect (b. 1934) 2017 Howard Eichenbaum, American psychologist and neuroscientist (b. 1947) 2017 John Heard, American actor (b. 1945) 2017 Yami Lester, Australian activist (b. 1942) 2017 Geoff Mack, Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1922) 2017 Deborah Watling, English actress (b. 1948) 2017 Stubbs, American cat, Honorary Mayor of Talkeetna, Alaska (b. 1997) 2017 Jon van Rood, Dutch immunologist (b. 1926) 2018 Jonathan Gold, American food critic (b. 1965) 2018 Don McCarthy, British businessman and philanthropist (b. 1955) 2018 Elmarie Wendel, American actress (b. 1928) 2018 Alene Duerk, American admiral (b. 1920) 2019 José Manuel Estepa Llaurens, Spanish cardinal (b. 1926) 2019 Hugo Cóccaro, Argentine politician (b. 1954) 2019 Antonino Cuffaro, Italian politician (b. 1932) 2019 Francisco Grau, Spanish military officer and composer (b. 1947) 2019 Paul Krassner, American writer and political activist (b. 1932) 2019 Robert Morgenthau, American lawyer (b. 1919) Observances National Day of Belgium Liberation Day in Guam Racial Harmony Day (Singapore) Days of the year

10043

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2022

July 22

Events Up to 1950 838 Battle of Anzen: Byzantine Emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. 1099 First Crusade: Godfrey de Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre. 1209 Massacre of Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade. 1298 William Wallace fights the English at the Battle of Falkirk. 1456 Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade - John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire. 1499 Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeats the army of Emperor Maximilian I. 1587 Colony of Roanoke: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off present-day North Carolina to re-establish a deserted colony. 1706 The Acts of Union of 1707 are agreed upon by Commissioners from the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. 1786 Albany, New York is officially chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan. 1793 Alexander McKenzie reaches the Pacific coast of North America, becoming the first Euro-American to cross Canada. 1796 Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland", after General Moses Cleveland. 1797 Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. 1802 Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unifies modern-day Vietnam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare. 1805 Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition - Battle of Cape Finisterre. 1812 Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War - Battle of Salamanca. 1864 American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta. 1894 The first-ever motor race is held in France between Paris and Rouen. 1916 A bomb explodes during a 'Preparedness Day' parade in Market Street in San Francisco, California, killing 10 people and injuring 40. 1927 Sheep herder Killar Kashirov of the Kabardin people becomes the first person to reach the top of the Eastern summit of Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia, considered the highest mountain in Europe. 1933 Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world, travelling 25,099 kilometres (15,596 miles) in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes. 1934 A man identified as American bank robber John Dillinger is shot dead. 1942 World War II: Start of the fighting on the Kokoda Track in New Guinea between Australia and Japan. 1943 World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo. 1944 The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting Communist rule in Poland. 1946 A terrorist attack on the King David Hotel in Jerusalem kills at least 91 people. From 1951 1951 Dezik and Tsygan are the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight. 1954 Laos becomes independent from France. 1962 The Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after take-off and has to be destroyed. 1969 Francisco Franco declares that the Juan Carlos will be his successor. 1976 Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes in World War II. 1977 Deng Xiaoping returns to power in China. 1983 Martial Law in Poland is officially revoked. 1986 The United Kingdom bans corporal punishment in schools. 1991 Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested in Milwaukee after police discover human remains in his apartment. 1992 In Medellin, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from the luxury prison. 1993 Kaskasia, Illinois, is evacuated in the Great Flood of 1993. 1994 Gambia's President Dawda Jawara is removed from office in a coup, to be replaced by Yahya Jammeh. 2003 A US airstrike on a compound in Mosul, Iraq, kills Saddam Hussein's sons Uday Hussein, Qusay Hussein (and his son Mustapha) and a security guard. 2005 In London, officers of the Metropolitan Police shoot and kill Brazilian Jean Charles de Menezes when he boards a tube train. 2005 Yelena Isinbayeva becomes the first woman to clear 5 metres in the High Jump. 2009 A Solar eclipse is seen over East Asia and the Pacific Ocean, and is the longest such event of the 21st century. It is also believed to have been witnessed by more people than any solar eclipse in history. 2010 The International Court of Justice rules that Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia was not illegal. 2011 2011 Norway attacks: An explosion in Oslo city centre kills 8 people. Two hours later, 69 people are killed in a shooting at a political youth event on the island of Utoya, carried out by Anders Behring Breivik. 2012 Bradley Wiggins becomes the first British cyclist to win the Tour de France. 2013 Two earthquakes in Gansu province, People's Republic of China, kill at least 90 people. 2013 A baby boy, Prince George of Cambridge, third in line to the British throne, is born to Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. It comes just a day after nearby Belgium got its new King, Philippe. 2016 Nine people are killed in a shooting in and around a shopping mall in Munich, Germany. The attacker then kills himself. 2019 Jo Swinson becomes the first woman to be chosen to lead the British Liberal Democrats. Births Up to 1900 1210 Joan of England, Queen of Scots (d. 1238) 1361 Carlos III of Navarre (d. 1425) 1478 King Philip I of Castile (d. 1506) 1510 Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537) 1519 Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591) 1535 Katarina Stenbock, Queen of Sweden (d. 1621) 1559 Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (d. 1619) 1596 Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645) 1702 Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and oboist (d. 1775) 1711 Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German Baltic physicist (d. 1753) 1733 Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and historian (d. 1790) 1751 Caroline Matilda of Wales (d. 1775) 1755 Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1839) 1784 Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician (d. 1846) 1822 Gregor Mendel, Austrian pioneering geneticist (d. 1884) 1831 Emperor Komei of Japan (d. 1867) 1844 William Archibald Spooner, known for verbal inversions called spoonerisms (d. 1930) 1848 Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914) 1856 Kamran Mirza, Prime Minister of Persia (d. 1927) 1859 Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887) 1877 Giovanni Giorgio Tressino, Italian horse rider (d. 1963) 1882 Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967) 1886 Hella Wuolijoki, Finnish author (d. 1954) 1887 Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German quantum physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1975) 1888 Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-American biochemist (d. 1973) 1889 James Whale, English movie director, actor and screenwriter (d. 1957) 1890 Rose Kennedy, mother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1995) 1893 Jesse Haines, American baseball player (d. 1978) 1893 Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990) 1894 Oskar Maria Graf, writer (d. 1967) 1895 Pavel Sukhoi, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1975) 1898 Stephen Vincent Benét, American writer (d. 1943) 1898 Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976) 1899 Sobhuza II, King of Swaziland (d. 1982) 1901 1950 1905 Doc Cramer, American Major League Baseball player (d. 1990) 1908 Amy Vanderbilt, writer on etiquette (d. 1974) 1909 Dorino Serafini, Italian racing driver (d. 2000) 1913 Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995) 1916 Marcel Cerdan, world champion boxer (d. 1949) 1923 Bob Dole, United States Senator from Kansas, Presidential candidate (d. 2021) 1923 Mukesh, singer (d. 1976) 1923 Netti Witziers-Timmer, Dutch sprinter (d. 2005) 1923 The Fabulous Moolah, American wrestler (d. 2007) 1924 Margaret Whiting, American singer (d. 2011) 1925 Joseph Sargent, American movie director (d. 2014) 1926 Bryan Forbes, English actor (d. 2013) 1926 Wolfgang Iser, German literary scholar (d. 2007) 1927 Johan Ferner, Norwegian sailor (d. 2015) 1928 Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian politician (d. 2015) 1928 Jimmy Hill, English football manager and pundit (d. 2015) 1928 Orson Bean, American actor 1931 Guido de Marco, 6th President of Malta (d. 2010) 1932 Oscar de la Renta, Dominican fashion designer (d. 2014) 1934 Louise Fletcher, American Academy Award-winning actress (in 1976) 1936 Tom Robbins, American writer 1939 Terence Stamp, actor 1939 Erhard Walther, artist 1940 Alex Trebek, American game show host (d. 2020) 1941 Estelle Bennett, American singer (The Ronettes) (d. 2009) 1941 George Clinton, musician 1942 Peter Habeler, Austrian mountaineer 1943 Kay Bailey Hutchison, American politician 1943 Bobby Sherman, American singer and actor 1944 Anand Satyanand, former Governor-General of New Zealand 1944 Rick Davies, English musician 1946 Danny Glover, American actor and activist 1946 Mireille Mathieu, French singer 1946 Johnson Toribiong, former President of Palau 1946 Paul Schrader, American movie director 1947 Albert Brooks, American comedian 1947 Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician 1947 Don Henley, drummer, singer, and songwriter 1948 Otto Waalkes, German comedian, actor and entertainer 1948 Ana de Palacio, Spanish politician 1948 Alfonso Cano, Colombian guerrilla (FARC) (d. 2011) 1949 Alan Menken, American composer 1949 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai 1949 Lasse Virén, Finnish athlete 1950 S. E. Hinton, American writer 1951 1975 1951 Patriarch Daniel of Romania 1951 J. V. Cain, American football player (d. 1979) 1953 René Vandereycken, Belgian footballer 1953 Jimmy Bruno, American guitarist 1954 Al Di Meola, American guitarist 1955 Willem Dafoe, American actor 1957 Alvaro Corcuera, Mexican priest (d. 2014) 1958 Tatsunori Hara, Japanese baseball player 1959 Lon Bender, American sound editor 1960 Barbara Cassani, American businesswoman 1961 Keith Sweat, singer 1962 Alvin Robertson, American basketball player 1964 John Leguizamo, Colombian-American actor 1964 Bonnie Langford, English actress and dancer 1964 David Spade, American comedian 1965 Shawn Michaels, retired American professional wrestler 1965 Robert Aderholt, American politician 1967 Irene Bedard, American actress 1967 Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor 1969 Jason Becker, American actor 1969 Despina Vandi, Greek singer 1970 Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player 1970 Devendra Fadnavis, Indian politician 1971 Kristine Lilly, American soccer player 1972 Andrew Holness, Prime minister of Jamaica 1972 Paulinho, footballer 1972 Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor 1972 Keyshawn Johnson, American football player 1973 Rufus Wainwright, Canadian singer and songwriter 1973 Daniel Jones, English-Australian musician 1974 Franka Potente, German actress 1975 Markus Metzenthin, economist From 1976 1976 Kokia, Japanese singer 1978 Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer 1979 Anna Belen-Zarska, Polish tennis player 1980 Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer 1980 Kate Ryan, Belgian singer 1982 Anna Chicherova, Russian high jumper 1983 Sharni Vinson, Australian actress 1983 Shelby Belle, actress 1984 Stewart Downing, English footballer 1987 Charlotte Kalla, Swedish skier 1987 Joshua Small, singer, songwriter 1987 Andrey Golubev, Kazakhstani tennis player 1989 Keegan Allen, American actor 1989 Baltasar Breki Samper, Icelandic actor 1992 Selena Gomez, American singer and actress 1993 Amber Beattie, English actress 1993 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Chechen-American suspected terrorist 1994 Emina Jonasson, Swedish handball player 1996 Skyler Gisondo, American actor 1998 Madison Pettis, American actress 2002 Prince Felix of Denmark 2013 Prince George of Cambridge, son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge Deaths Up to 1900 1387 Frank Ackerman, Flemish statesman (b. 1330) 1461 Charles VII of France (b. 1403) 1525 Richard Wingfield, English diplomat (b. 1426) 1540 John Zapolya, Hungarian King 1619 Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian monk (b. 1559) 1645 Gaspar de Guzman, Count of Olivares, Duke of San Lucar (b. 1587) 1676 Pope Clement X (b. 1590) 1734 Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1669) 1802 Marie François Xavier Bichet, French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771) 1813 George Shaw, English naturalist (b. 1751) 1826 Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer, mathematician and theologian (b. 1746) 1832 Napoleon II of France (b. 1811) 1845 Count Heinrich von Bellegarde, Austrian field marshal and statesman (b. 1757) 1869 John August Roebling, German-American engineer and bridge builder (b. 1806) 1893 John Rae, Orcadian explorer (b. 1813) 1901 2000 1903 Cassius Marcellus Clay, American lawyer, publisher and politician (b. 1810) 1904 Wilson Barrett, actor (b. 1846) 1908 Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist (b. 1828) 1909 Detlev von Liliencron, German poet and writer (b. 1844) 1915 Sandford Fleming, Scottish-Canadian inventor of Standard time (b. 1827) 1916 James Whitcomb Riley, American writer and poet (b. 1849) 1918 Indra Lal Roy, Indian flying ace (b. 1898) 1920 William Kissam Vanderbilt, American businessman and horsebreeder (b. 1849) 1922 Jokichi Takamine, chemist (b. 1854) 1932 Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., American theatrical producer (b. 1867) 1932 Errico Malatesta, Italian anarchist (b. 1853) 1932 Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor (b. 1866) 1934 John Dillinger, American bank robber, shot at the Biograph Theater in Chicago (b. 1903) 1936 Andreas Hinterstoisser, German mountaineer (b. 1914) 1936 Toni Kurz, German mountaineer (b. 1913) 1950 William Lyon Mackenzie King, tenth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874) 1967 Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878) 1968 Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (b. 1908) 1974 Wayne Morse, former Senator from Oregon 1979 Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929) 1979 J. V. Cain, American football player (b. 1951) 1988 Duane Jones, American actor (b. 1936) 1989 Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (b. 1935) 1990 Manuel Puig, Argentine writer (b. 1932) 1996 Rob Collins, English keyboardist (The Charlatans) (b. 1956) 1998 Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (b. 1929) 1998 Alan Shepard, American astronaut (b. 1923) 1999 Gar Samuelson, American drummer (Megadeth) (b. 1958) 2000 Eric Christmas, British actor (born 1916) 2000 Claude Sautet, French movie director (b. 1924) From 2001 2001 Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and writer (b. 1909) 2003 Wahome Muthahi, Kenyan humourist (b. 1954) 2003 Qusay Hussein of Iraq, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1966) 2003 Uday Hussein of Iraq, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1964) 2004 Sacha Distel, French singer (b. 1933) 2004 George Kidd, Canadian diplomat (b. 1917) 2005 Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian shooting victim (b. 1978) 2007 Ulrich Mühe, German actor (b. 1953) 2007 Laszlo Kovacs, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1933) 2008 Estelle Getty, American actress (b. 1923) 2010 Kenny Guinn, American politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (b. 1936) 2011 Linda Christian, American actress (b. 1924) 2011 Tore Eikeland, Norwegian youth politician (b. 1989) (2011 Norway attacks) 2012 Bohdan Stupka, Ukrainian actor and former culture minister (b. 1941) 2012 George Armitage Miller, American psychologist (b. 1920) 2012 Oswaldo Payá, Cuban activist (b. 1952) 2013 Dennis Farina, American actor (b. 1944) 2013 Lawrie Reilly, Scottish footballer (b. 1928) 2014 John Blundell, English economist (b. 1952) 2015 Christopher M. Fairman, American legal scholar (b. 1960) 2015 Eddie Hardin, British rock musician (b. 1949) 2015 Jeannette Cathy, American philanthropist (b. 1923) 2016 Viktor Kryzhanivskyi, Ukrainian artist (b. 1950) 2016 Ursula Franklin, German-American scientist, author and educator (b. 1921) 2017 Kostiantyn Sytnyk, Ukrainian botanist and politician (b. 1926) 2017 Artyom Tarasov, Russian businessman and political activist (b. 1950) 2017 Jim Vance, American news anchor (b. 1942) 2017 Fritz Hellwig, German politician (b. 1912) 2018 Rene Portland, American basketball player (b. 1953) 2018 Chiyo Miyako, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1901) 2018 Tony Sparano, American football coach (b. 1961) 2018 Tor Erling Staff, Norwegian lawyer (b. 1932) 2018 Manos Eleutheriou, Greek poet (b. 1938) 2019 Peter Hamm, German poet and journalist (b. 1937) 2019 Christopher C. Kraft Jr., American aerospace engineer (b. 1924) 2019 Brigitte Kronauer, German writer (b. 1940) 2019 Hans Lagerqvist, Swedish pole vaulter (b. 1940) 2019 Art Neville, American musician (b. 1937) 2019 Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1928) Observances Feast of Saint Mary Magdalene Pi Approximation Day Days of the year

10044

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2014

July 14

Events Up to 1900 756 - An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang of China flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city. 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France. 1769 - Spanish soldier Gaspar de Portola leads the first European land expedition to present-day California. 1771 - Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junipero Serra. 1789 – The Bastille is attacked, starting the French Revolution. 1790 – The citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fete de la Federation. 1798 - La Marseillaise becomes the national anthem of France 1798 - The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States, making it a federal crime to write, publish or say heavily critical or false statements about the United States Government. 1853 - Start of the first major World's Fair to take place in the United States, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City. 1865 – The first ascent of the Matterhorn is made, by a team lead by Edward Whymper. Four members of the group die on the way back down. 1865 - Piz Buin, the highest peak in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, first climbed by a team of four led by Joseph Anton Specht. 1881 – At Fort Sumner, New Mexico, Pat Garrett shoots and kills Billy the Kid. 1900 - The Armies of the Eight Nation Alliance capture Tientsin, China, during the Boxer Rebellion. 1901 2000 1902 - The Campanile in Saint Mark's Square, Venice, collapses. 1911 - Henry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers, lands his airplane on the South Lawn of the White House. 1916 - World War I: Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme. 1920 - The Red Army conquers Vilnius during the Polish-Soviet War. 1933 – Gleichschaltung: All political parties, apart from the Nazi Party, are banned in Germany. 1943 - In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the US National Monument in honor of an African American. 1948 - Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded outside the Italian Parliament. 1950 - Korean War: North Korean troops start the Battle of Taejon. 1951 - At Silverstone, England, Argentina's Jose Froilan Gonzalez achieves Ferrari's first Formula One Grand Prix victory. 1957 - In Egypt, Rawya Ateya becomes the first Member of the Parliament in the Arab world. 1958 – King Faisal II of Iraq is killed, and the monarchy is overthrown by forces lead by Abdul Karim Kassem, who takes over as head of state. 1958 - In Ghana, the Ghanaian pound replaces the colonial British West African pound. 1960 - Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild. 1964 - Frenchman Jacques Anquetil wins his 5th Tour de France and his 4th in a row. 1965 - The Mariner 4 fly-by of Mars takes the first close-up photographs of a planet other than Earth. 1969 – Football War: After Honduras loses a football match against El Salvador, riots break out against El Salvadoran migrant workers in Honduras. 1969 - In the US, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 dollar bills are withdrawn from circulation. 1976 - Capital punishment is banned in Canada. 1987 - Montreal is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal flood of 1987. 2000 - A powerful solar flare causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth. From 2001 2002 – An assassination attempt is made on French President Jacques Chirac at a Bastille Day parade. 2003 – The United States Government admits the existence of Area 51. 2006 - Tropical storm Bilis strikes the Chinese mainland - Hunan province experiences its worst flooding in 100 years. 2007 - The Gran Telescopio Canarias reflecting telescope begins operations on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands. 2011 – The United Nations admits South Sudan as the 193rd member nation. 2014 - The Church of England votes in favor of having female bishops at its General Synod (its official meeting). 2015 - The novel Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee goes on sale. 2015 - A deal is struck on limiting Iran's nuclear programme in return for sanctions relief. 2015 - The New Horizons space probe passes by the dwarf planet Pluto. 2016 - 2016 Nice attack: A truck is driven through a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, Southern France, killing 84 people. 2018 - Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German to win the women's singles title at the Wimbledon championships since Steffi Graf in 1996, by defeating Serena Williams in two sets in the final. 2019 - Novak Djokovic wins a five-set final against Roger Federer to win his fifth singles title at the Wimbledon championships. 2019 - England wins the men's Cricket World Cup for the first time, defeating New Zealand in a close match in the final. 2019 - US President Donald Trump causes controversy and debate with a Twitter attack on four ethnic minority Democrat Congresswomen also known as "The Squad" - Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Rashida Tlaib and Ayanna Pressley. Births Up to 1900 1454 – Poliziano, Italian humanist (d. 1494) 1602 – Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661) 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670) 1634 - Pasquier Quesnel, French theologian (d. 1719) 1675 - Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French nobleman, soldier and adventurer (d. 1747) 1676 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (d. 1763) 1743 - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816) 1743 - William Paley, English theologian and philosopher (d. 1805) 1798 - Alessandro Antonelli, Italian architect (d. 1888) 1829 – Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896) 1830 - Henry Bird, English chess player (d. 1908) 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928) 1859 - Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928) 1860 – Owen Wister, American writer (d. 1938) 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918) 1865 - Arthur Capper, 20th Governor of Kansas (d. 1951) 1866 - Ragnar Ostberg, Swedish architect (d. 1945) 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926) 1872 - Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939) 1874 – Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan (d. 1944) 1882 - Teddy Billington, American racing cyclist (d. 1966) 1885 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959) 1888 - Scipio Slataper, Italian author and critic (d. 1915) 1889 – Ante Pavelic, Croatian fascist leader (d. 1959) 1891 - Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and screenwriter (d. 1977) 1893 - Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician (d. 1965) 1893 - Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and freedom fighter (d. 1952) 1893 - J. G. Strijdom, Prime minister of South Africa (d. 1958) 1894 - Dave Fleischer, American animator, director and producer (d. 1979) 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936) 1897 - Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai general and politician, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 1964) 1898 - Happy Chandler, 49th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1991) 1901 1950 1901 - George Tobias, American actor and singer (d. 1980) 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989) 1904 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish Yiddish writer (d. 1991) (possibly born on November 21) 1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983) 1910 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001) 1912 – Northrop Frye, American literary critic (d. 1991) 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967) 1913 – Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006) 1916 – Natalia Ginzburg, writer (d. 1991) 1917 - George Bookasta, American actor and director (d. 2014) 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie and theatre director (d. 2007) 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director (d. 2011) 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-born actor (d. 1987) 1921 – Leon Garfield, English children's writer (d. 1996) 1921 - Sixto Durán Ballén, 48th President of Ecuador (d. 2016) 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist (d. 1996) 1922 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (d. 2007) 1923 - Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013) 1923 - Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989) 1925 - Francisco Alvarez Martinez, Spanish former Archbishop of Toledo 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor (d. 2017) 1928 - Laurie Mitchell, American actress (d. 2018) 1930 - Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (d. 2014) 1931 - Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer and sculptor 1932 - Anatoli Isayev, Russian footballer (d. 2016) 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, head of Wittelsbach family and part of Jacobite Succession 1933 - Robert Bourassa, 22nd Premier of Quebec (d. 1996) 1935 - Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize winner 1936 - Robert F. Overmyer, American pilot and astronaut (d. 1996) 1937 - Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician, former Prime Minister of Japan 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist (d. 1994) 1938 - Tommy Vig, Hungarian vibraphone player, drummer and composer 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer (d. 2019) 1939 - Sid Haig, American actor (d. 2019) 1941 - Gérard Férey, French chemist (d. 2017) 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American writer amd activist 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish European Union foreign policy chief 1945 - Jim Gordon, American musician 1946 - Sue Lawley, English broadcaster 1946 - Vincent Pastore, American actor 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius 1948 - Goodwill Zwelithni kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king 1948 - Eliza Manningham-Buller, British MI5 director 1948 - Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013) 1951 1975 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003) 1952 - Bob Casale, American guitarist 1952 - Eric Laneuville, American director, actor and producer 1953 - Bebe Buell, American model and actress 1955 - L. Brent Bozell III, American journalist and activist 1957 - Scot Breithaupt, American motorcycle racer (d. 2015) 1958 - Anne Hegerty, English quiz player and television personality 1959 - Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (d. 2016) 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician, former Premier of Queensland 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress 1960 - Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter and activist 1960 - Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor 1960 - Mike McPhee, Canadian ice hockey player 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor 1962 - Antonio Díaz Sánchez, Cuban activist 1963 - Jacques Lacombe, Canadian organist and conductor 1963 - John Colquhoun, Scottish footballer 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor 1966 – Owen Coyle, Scottish football manager 1966 - Ellen Reid, Canadian singer and pianist (Crash Test Dummies) 1967 – Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (d. 2010) 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician 1967 – Robin Ventura, baseball player 1969 - Carlo de Gavardo, Chilean rally driver and motorcycle racer (d. 2015) 1971 - Pui Fan Lee, English actress and presenter 1971 – Howard Webb, English football referee 1971 - Nick McCabe, English guitarist 1971 - Madhu Sapre, Indian model 1973 – Kota Hirano, Japanese manga artist 1973 - Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter 1974 – David Mitchell, British comedian 1975 – Taboo, American rapper From 1976 1976 – Geraint Jones, English cricketer 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden 1979 - Sergei Ignashevich, Russian footballer 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier 1981 – Lee Mead, English stage actor 1982 – Fernando Lope de Vergara, Argentinian handball manager 1983 – Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player 1984 – Nilmar Honorato da Silva, Brazilian footballer 1984 - Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer 1984 - Samir Handanovic, Slovenian footballer 1986 - Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer 1986 - Dan Smith, English singer (Bastille) 1987 - Sara Canning, Canadian actress 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer 1987 - Ryan Sweeting, American tennis player 1988 - Olli Muotka, Finnish ski jumper 1989 - Sean Flynn, American singer and actor 1991 - Shabazz Napier, American basketball player 1995 - Kim Hyo-joo, South Korean golfer 1999 - Camryn, American singer and actress Deaths Up to 1900 664 - Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury 937 - Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria 1223 – King Philip II of France (b. 1165) 1486 – Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (b. 1456) 1575 - Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. 1505) 1614 - Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550) 1704 - Sophia Alexeyevna of Russia (b. 1657) 1742 - Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662) 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (b. 1721) 1789 – Bernard-Rene de Launay, Governor of the Bastille prison (b. 1740) 1790 - Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717) 1809 - Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek monk and saint (b. 1749) 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750) 1817 - Germaine de Stael, Swiss writer (b. 1766) 1827 - Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788) 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789) 1876 - Thomas Hazlehurst, English architect (b. 1816) 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859) 1901 2000 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer politician (b. 1824) 1907 - William Henry Perkin, British chemist (b. 1838) 1910 - Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1898) 1917 - Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887) 1918 - Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897) 1924 - Isabella Ford, British suffragette, activist and peer (b. 1855) 1935 - Edoardo Agnelli, Italian industrialist (b. 1892) 1936 - Ghan Gopal Mukerji, Indian writer (b. 1890) 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech artist (b. 1860) 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer (b. 1866) 1954 - Jackie Saunders, American actress (b. 1892) 1958 – King Faisal II of Iraq (b. 1935) 1965 – Adlai Stevenson, American politician (b. 1900) 1966 - Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878) 1967 - Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880) 1968 – Ilzas Tsirimkas, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907) 1970 - Luis Mariano, Spanish Basque singer (b. 1914) 1974 - Carl Spaatz, American air force (b. 1891) 1990 - Walter Sedlmayer, German actor (b. 1926) 1993 - Léo Ferré, French singer-songwriter, poet and pianist (b. 1916) 1994 - César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940) 1998 - Richard McDonald, American businessman (b. 1909) From 2001 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906) 2005 - Cicely Saunders, British nurse (b. 1918) 2005 - Tilly Fleischer, German athlete (b. 1911) 2010 – Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (b. 1925) 2010 – Madalina Manole, Romanian singer (b. 1967) 2012 - Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929) 2014 - Alice Coachman, American athlete (b. 1923) 2014 - Leopoldo Verona, Argentine actor (b. 1931) 2014 - Vange Leonel, Brazilian singer-songwriter, journalist, novelist, playwright and activist (b. 1963) 2014 - Martin Richard Hoffmann, American politician (b. 1932) 2014 - Tom Rolf, Swedish-American film editor (b. 1931) 2015 - M. S. Viswanathan, Indian film score composer (b. 1928) 2015 - Olaf Pooley, English actor (b. 1914) 2016 - Hallard White, New Zealand rugby league player (b. 1929) 2016 - Helena Benitez, Filipino politician and educator (b. 1914) 2016 - Péter Esterházy, Hungarian writer (b. 1949) 2016 - Sharon Runner, American politician (b. 1954) 2016 - Michael J. Elliott, British journalist and magazine editor (b. 1951) 2016 - Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Tunisian terrorist, perpetrator of the 2016 Nice attack (b. 1985) 2017 - Mahi Beamer, American singer and dancer (b. 1928) 2017 - Anne Golon, French novelist and journalist (b. 1921) 2017 - Julia Hartwig, Polish poet and journalist (b. 1921) 2017 - William "Hootie" Johnson, American banker and sports administrator (b. 1931) 2017 - Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (b. 1977) 2018 - Mario Casalinuovo, Italian politician (b. 1922) 2018 - Gordon Chong, Canadian politician (b. 1943) 2018 - Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister of Namibia (b. 1938) 2018 - Masa Saito, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1942) 2018 - Petr Weigl, Czech director and playwright (b. 1939) 2018 - Hans Kronberger, German-Austrian politician (b. 1951) 2019 - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (b. 1930) 2019 - Terry Hodgkinson, British businessman (b. 1949) 2019 - Nereo Laroni, Italian politician (b. 1942) 2019 - Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (b. 1964) 2019 - Paul Albert Zipfel, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1935) Observances Bastille Day (France) Republic Day (Iraq) References Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2015

July 15

Events Up to 1900 1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after a difficult siege. 1149 - The rebuilt Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem. 1207 – John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton. 1240 - Swedish-Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes at the Battle of the Neva. 1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England. 1410 – Battle of Grunwald (a.k.a. Tannenberg or Zalgiris): power of the Teutonic Knights broken by a defeat from Poles and Lithuanians. 1482 - Muhammad XII of Granada becomes the 22nd and last Nasrid King of Granada. 1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemore on 6 July 1685. 1741 - Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska and sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first European to land in mainland Alaska. 1789 – Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, by acclamation, named colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris. 1799 – Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta, by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard. 1806 – Pike expedition: Near St. Louis, Missouri, United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine to explore the west. 1815 – Napoléon Bonaparte surrenders from aboard HMS Bellerophon. 1834 - The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederates break naval blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1870 – Post-American-Civil-War Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union. 1870 – Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established from these vast territories. 1888 – The Bandai volcano in Japan erupts, killing 477 people. 1895 – Archie MacLaren scores County Championship record cricket innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton. 1901 2000 1916 – In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing). 1918 – World War I: Second Battle of the Marne – The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack. 1922 - The Japanese Communist Party is created in Japan. 1926 – BEST buses make its début in Mumbai. 1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna. 1929 – First weekly radio broadcast of Mormon Tabernacle Choir radio show, Music and the Spoken Word. 1931 – Kid Chocolate becomes Cuba's first world boxing champion. 1945 – US President Harry Truman disembarks the heavy cruiser the USS Augusta (CA-31) in Antwerp en route to Potsdam for the Potsdam Conference. 1953 – John Reginald Christie, British serial killer executed. 1954 – First flight of the Boeing 707, the first American jet passenger airliner. 1955 - Eighteen Nobel Prize winners sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by 34 others. 1958 – In Lebanon, 5,000 United States Marines land in the capital Beirut in order to provide military support to the pro-Western government there. 1965 - The Mariner 4 sends the first close-up pictures of a planet other than Earth, when it sends pictures from Mars. 1974 – In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president. 1974 – Christine Chubbock, a TV host in Sarasota, Florida commits suicide during the taping of her show live on air. 1975 – Apollo Soyuz Test Project: Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft take off for U.S.-Soviet link-up in space. 1977 – Griffith N.S.W, Anti – Drug campaigner Donald Mackay disappears presumed murdered. 1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his famous "malaise" speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation." 1988 – Die Hard opens in theaters, starring Bruce Willis 1989 – Punk rock band Bad Religion releases their sixth album, No Control. 1992 – A major fire consumes an entire city block in tourist destination Gatlinburg, Tennessee, destroying the Ripley's Believe It Or Not! Museum and several other local businesses in the process. The block was rebuilt and re-opened in 1995. 1994 – Albert Belle of the Cleveland Indians caught with a corked bat. 1995 – Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought by Douglas Hofstadter becomes the first item sold on Amazon.com 1996 – MSNBC cable-DBS channel launched 1996 – A Royal Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport. Thirty-two people die in the flames, two people die of their injuries, and Seven people sustain severe burns. 1997 – In Miami, Florida, serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan guns down Gianni Versace outside his home. 1999 – Safeco Field opens in Seattle, Washington. 1999 - The first flights from the United Kingdom to Argentina since the Falklands War occur. From 2001 2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and for the possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. Lindh agrees to serve 10 years in prison for each of the charges. 2002 – Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and three other suspects convicted of murdering Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl. 2003 – AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape Communications Corporation. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day. 2004 – Monorail service begins in Las Vegas. 2004 – The BBC airs the documentary The Secret Agent, exposing racism by members of the British National Party. 2005 – Jack Nicklaus plays his last hole of competitive golf during The Open Championship at Hole 18 at St Andrews, finishing with a birdie. 2005 – Disneyland "re-launches" Space Mountain in Anaheim, California. 2006 - Twitter is launched. 2007 - Shimon Peres becomes President of Israel. 2009 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 crashes in Northwestern Iran, killing 153 people. 2016 - Sections of the military attempt a coup in Turkey. 2018 - 2018 FIFA World Cup: France defeat first-time finalists Croatia 4-2 in the Final to win their second FIFA World Cup trophy. 2019 - It is announced that Alan Turing will appear on the new 50-pound Bank of England note. Births Up to 1900 1273 - Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and saint (d. 1352) 1353 - Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410) 1471 - Eskender, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1494) 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595) 1573 – Inigo Jones, English architect (d. 1652) 1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch artist (d. 1669) 1626 - Christiane Sehested, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1671) 1626 - Hedvig Uffeldt, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1678) 1631 - Jens Juel, Danish Governor-General of Norway (d. 1700) 1638 - Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1693) 1737 – Princess Louise Marie of France (d. 1787) 1765 - Charles Goldsborough, American politician, Governor of Maryland (d. 1834) 1779 – Clement Clarke Moore, American educator, writer, and poet (d. 1863) 1790 - William Henry Playfair, Scottish architect (d. 1857) 1796 – Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (d. 1796) 1799 - Reuben Chapman, American politician, 13th Governor of Alabama (d. 1882) 1804 - Jane Stirling, Scottish pianist (d. 1859) 1808 – Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, English Catholic archbishop (d. 1892) 1812 – James Hope-Scott, English barrister (d. 1873) 1817 - Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, English civil engineer (d. 1898) 1827 - William Wallace Thayer, American politician, 6th Governor of Oregon (d. 1899) 1837 – Stephanie von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen Consort of Portugal (d. 1859) 1848 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923) 1850 – Mother Cabrini, Italian-born Roman Catholic saint (d. 1917) 1851 - Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentine author (d. 1889) 1858 - Emmeline Pankhurst, English activist (d. 1928) 1864 - Marie Tempest, English actress and singer (d. 1942) 1865 - Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Irish-English publisher (d. 1922) 1865 - Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian mathematician (d. 1945) 1867 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French scientist (d. 1936) 1870 – Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, Russian publisher and politician (d. 1922) 1871 – Kunikida Doppo, Japanese writer (d. 1908) 1884 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam, present-day Thailand (d. 1948) 1892 – Walter Benjamin, German literary critic and writer (d. 1940) 1897 - Sam H. Jones, American politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 1978) 1899 – Seán F. Lemass, Irish leader and Taoiseach (d. 1971) 1901 1950 1902 – Jean Rey, Belgian politician and President of the European Commission (d. 1983) 1911 – Edward Shackleton, English explorer (d. 1994) 1913 – Hammond Innes, English writer (d. 1998) 1913 - Cowboy Copas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1963) 1913 - Abraham Sutzkever, Russian poet (d. 2010) 1914 - Howard Vernon, Swiss actor (d. 2010) 1917 - Robert Conquest, English-American historian (d. 2015) 1918 - Nuur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (d. 1979) 1918 – Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003) 1918 - Brenda Milner, English-Canadian neuropsychologist and academic 1919 – Iris Murdoch, English writer (d. 1999) 1921 – Robert Bruce Merrifield, American chemist (d. 2006) 1922 – Leon M. Lederman, American physicist (d. 2018) 1924 - Jeremiah Denton, American admiral and politician (d. 2014) 1925 – Philip Carey, American actor (d. 2009) 1925 - Taylor Hardwick, American architect (d. 2014) 1925 - D. A. Pennebaker, American documentary filmmaker (d. 2019) 1926 - Raymond Gosling, English physicist and academic (d. 2015) 1926 – Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine dictator (d. 2003) 1926 – Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan writer (d. 2007) 1927 – Nan Clow Martin, actress 1927 - Carmen Zapata, American actress (d. 2014) 1928 – Carl Woese, American microbiologist (d. 2012) 1930 – Jacques Derrida, French philosopher (d. 2004) 1930 – Stephen Smale, American mathematician 1931 – Clive Cussler, American writer 1932 – Ed Litzenberger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010) 1933 – Julian Bream, English guitarist and lutenist 1933 – Guido Crepax, Italian comics artist (d. 2003) 1934 – Harrison Birtwistle, English composer 1934 – Risto Jarva, Finnish movie maker (d. 1977) 1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actress 1936 - George Voinovich, American politician, 65th Governor of Ohio (d. 2016) 1939 - Abdulhussain Abdulredha, Kuwaiti actor and writer (d. 2017) 1939 – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, former President of Portugal 1939 - Patrick Wayne, American actor 1940 – Robert Winston, British scientist, politician and television presenter 1942 – Mil Mascaras, Mexican professional wrestler 1943 - Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Northern Irish astrophysicist, astronomer and academic 1944 – Millie Jackson, American singer 1945 – Jürgen Möllemann, German politician (d. 2003) 1946 – Linda Ronstadt, American singer 1946 – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei 1946 – Dieter Herzog, German footballer 1947 - Peter Banks, English guitarist (d. 2013) 1948 - Twinkle, English singer-songwriter (d. 2015) 1948 - Artimus Pyle, American drummer and songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd) 1949 – Carl Bildt, Swedish politician, former Prime Minister of Sweden 1949 – Trevor Horn, English musician 1950 - Colin Barnett, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Western Australia 1950 – Arianna Huffington, Greek-American journalist (Huffington Post) 1951 1975 1951 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (d. 2010) 1951 – Jesse Ventura, American professional wrestler and former Governor of Minnesota 1952 - David A. Granger, 9th President of Guyana 1952 - Celia Imrie, English actress 1952 - Yuriko Koike, Japanese politician, Governor of Tokyo 1952 – Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, United States Congresswoman from Florida 1953 - Sultanah Haminah Hamidun, Queen of Malaysia 1953 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti 1953 – John Denham, British politician 1954 – Mario Kempes, Argentine footballer 1954 - Tarak Dhiab, Tunisian footballer 1954 - Jeff Jarvis, American journalist and blogger 1956 – Ian Curtis, British musician, singer and lyricist (Joy Division) (d. 1980) 1956 – Barry Melrose, Canadian hockey player, coach, and commentator 1956 – Marky Ramone, American musician (The Ramones) 1958 – Mac Thornberry, American politician 1960 – Willie Aames, American actor 1961 – Forest Whitaker, American actor 1961 - Scott Ritter, American weapons inspector 1961 - Jean-Christophe Grangé, French journalist and screenwriter 1963 - Brigitte Nielsen, Danish-American model, actress and singer 1965 - Alistair Carmichael, Scottish politician 1965 – David Miliband, English politician 1966 - Jason Bonham, English drummer 1966 – Irène Jacob, French-born Swiss actress 1968 – Eddie Griffin, American actor 1968 – Stan Kirsch, American actor 1968 - Shirley Robertson, Scottish sailor 1970 - Angela Constance, Scottish politician 1970 - Gabriel Weston, English surgeon and author 1970 – Chi Cheng, American musician 1971 – John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born drummer (System of a Down) 1971 - Jim Rash, American actor, producer and screenwriter 1972 - Yao Defen, Chinese world's tallest-living woman record holder (d. 2012) 1972 - Scott Foley, American actor 1972 - Beth Ostrosky Stern, American model and actress 1973 – Brian Austin Green, American actor From 1976 1976 – Diane Kruger, German actress and model 1976 - Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (d. 2014) 1976 – Marco Di Vaio, Italian footballer 1977 - Kitana Baker, American model and actress 1977 - Lana Parrilla, American actress 1979 – Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer 1981 – Alou Diarra, French footballer 1981 – Peter Odemwingie, Nigerian footballer 1981 - Taylor Kinney, American actor and model 1983 - Heath Slater, American wrestler 1986 - Tyler Kennedy, Canadian ice hockey player 1989 - Alisa Kleybanova, Russian tennis player 1989 - Anthony Randolph, American basketball player 1989 - Tristan Wilds, American actor and singer 1990 - Olly Alexander, English singer-songwriter and actor (Years and Years) 1990 - Zach Bogosian, American ice hockey player 1990 - Tyler Honeycutt, American basketball player (d. 2018) 1990 - Damian Lillard, American basketball player 1991 - Derrick Favors, American basketball player 1991 - Yuki Kashiwagi, Japanese singer and actress 1992 – Koharu Kusume, Japanese singer, former member of Morning Musume 1992 - Tobias Harris, American basketball player 1992 - Wayde van Niekerk, South African sprinter 1992 - Porter Robinson, American DJ and producer 1996 - Vivianne Miedema, Dutch footballer Deaths Up to 1900 756 - Yang Guifei, Chinese consort (b. 719) 1085 – Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer (b. c. 1015) 1274 - Bonaventure, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1221) 1291 – Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1218) 1406 - William, Duke of Austria (b. 1370) 1445 - Jean Beaufort, Queen of Scots (b. 1406) 1521 – Juan Ponce de León, Spanish explorer and Conquistador (b. c. 1474) 1571 – Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514) 1655 - Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1570) 1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (b. 1649) 1750 - Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (b. 1686) 1767 – Michael Bruce, Scottish poet (b. 1746) 1782 – Farinelli, Italian castrato (b. 1705) 1828 – Jean Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (b. 1741) 1839 – Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet (b. 1802) 1844 – Claude Charles Fauriel, French historian (b. 1772) 1851 - Juan Felipe Ibarra, Argentine soldier and politician (b. 1787) 1857 – Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b. 1791) 1890 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (b. 1819) 1901 2000 1904 – Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (b. 1860) 1907 - Qiu Jin, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1875) 1916 – Elie Metchnikoff, Russian scientist (b. 1845) 1919 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852) 1929 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (b. 1874) 1930 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1845) 1931 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian economist (b. 1868) 1933 – Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (b. 1865) 1933 – Freddie Keppard, American musician (b. 1890) 1940 – Robert Wadlow, American, tallest human on record (b. 1918) 1940 - Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist and physician (b. 1857) 1946 – Razor Smith, English cricketer (b. 1877) 1947 – Walter Donaldson, American songwriter (b. 1893) 1948 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860) 1953 – John Reginald Christie, British murderer (b. 1899) 1957 – George Cleveland, Canadian actor (b. 1885) 1957 – James M. Cox, American politician (b. 1870) 1958 - Julia Lennon, mother of John Lennon (b. 1914) 1959 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (b. 1880) 1960 – Lawrence Tibbett, American actor (b. 1896) 1961 – John E. Brownlee, Canadian politician (b. 1884) 1965 – Francis Cherry, American politician (b. 1908) 1979 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1911) 1989 - Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (b. 1956) 1990 - Margaret Lockwood, English actress and singer (b. 1913) 1991 – Bert Convy, American actor (b. 1933) 1992 – Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (b. 1922) 1992 - Chingiz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani journalist and author (b. 1960) 1996 – Dana Hill, American actress (b. 1964) 1997 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (b. 1946) From 2001 2003 – Adi Preißler, German footballer (b. 1921) 2003 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean writer (b. 1953) 2008 - Karl Unterkircher, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1970) 2009 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian activist (b. 1958) 2012 - Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (b. 1917) 2014 - James MacGregor Burns, American historian and political scientist (b. 1918) 2014 - Robert A. Roe, American politician (b. 1924) 2015 - Wan Li, Chinese politician (b. 1916) 2015 - Fred Wendorf, American archaeologist (b. 1924) 2016 - Qandeel Baloch, Pakistani model and social media celebrity (b. 1990) 2016 - Janez Bernik, Slovenian painter (b. 1933) 2016 - Duncan M. Gray, Jr., American prelate (b. 1926) 2017 - Anne Buttimer, Irish geographer (b. 1938) 2017 - Martin Landau, American actor (b. 1928) 2017 - Babe Parilli, American football player (b. 1930) 2017 - Bob Wolff, American broadcaster (b. 1920) 2017 - Vjekoslav Vojo Radoicic, Croatian painter, sculptor and stage designer (b. 1930) 2018 - Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1982) 2019 - Mortimer Caplin, American lawyer and educator (b. 1916) 2019 - Ousmane Tanor Dieng, Senegalese politician (b. 1947) 2019 - Craig Fallon, British judoka (b. 1982) 2019 - Werner Müller, German politician and businessman (b. 1946) Observances Saint Swithin's Day (England), according to legend, supposed to predict weather for the rest of the Summer Sultan's birthday (Brunei) Days of the year

10047

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2018

July 18

Events Up to 1900 390 BC – Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome. 64 – Great fire of Rome: A fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance. 362 - Roman-Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force of around 60,000 soldiers and stays for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire. 1195 – Battle of Alarcos, great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso VIII. 1290 - King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion against all Jews in England, saying that they have to leave the country. 1334 - The Bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new Campanile (Bell tower) of Florence Cathedral, designed by architect Giotto di Bondone. 1389 - France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, beginning a 13-year peace, the longest period of continued peace during the Hundred Years' War. 1656 - Polish-Lithuanian forces clash with Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the start of what becomes known as the Battle of Warsaw, which becomes a decisive Swedish victory. 1830 – Uruguay adopts its first constitution. 1841 - Emperor Pedro II of Brazil is crowned. 1857 - Louis Faidherbe, French Governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's rebellion against the French. 1863 – American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war. 1873 – Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim. 1879 - Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiold and his ship Vega escape from Arctic pack ice and continue on their route through the Northeast Passage. 1898 – Marie and Pierre Curie announce the discovery of a new element and proposed to call it polonium. 1901 2000 1914 – The United States Army's Signal Corps is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time. 1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf. 1936 - An army uprising in Spanish Morocco starts the Spanish Civil War. 1942 – World War II: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time. 1944 – World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort. 1947 – President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law which places the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President. 1966 - Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes the docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle. 1968 – Vietnam War: The two-day Honolulu Conference begins in Honolulu, Hawaii between US President Lyndon B. Johnson and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu. 1968 – Intel is incorporated. 1969 – After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a wooden bridge into a tide-swept pond and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies. 1969 – Apollo 11 makes preparations for landing on the Moon. 1976 – Gymnast Nadia Comaneci, aged 14, scores first ever perfect 10 at the Olympics. 1980 - India becomes the 6th country to send a rocket and a satellite into space. 1982 – 268 campesinos are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala. 1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty kills 21 people and injures 19 others before being shot dead by police. 1986 – A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter. 1986 – The movie Aliens opens in theaters. 1992 – The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappeared from their university in Lima. 1994 – In Buenos Aires, an explosion destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations killing 96 and injuring many more. 1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee. 1995 - Fabio Casartelli is killed in a fall on the 15th stage of the Tour de France cycling race. 1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River in Quebec, beginning one of Canada's costliest natural disasters ever. 1996 – In an event very similar to the Oklahoma tornado that would occur three years later, a tornado ranking as a F5 hit the town of Oakfield, Wisconsin. 2000 - Queen Elizabeth II opens the new British Embassy in Berlin, as the first British Head of State to open a diplomatic mission. From 2001 2001 – In Baltimore, Maryland, a 60-car train derailment occurs in a tunnel sparking a fire that will last days and virtually shut down downtown Baltimore. 2003 – The body of British UN weapons inspector Dr. David Kelly is found. 2007 - Nelson Mandela (on his 89th birthday) and Desmond Tutu co-found The Elders, an influential group of Elder statesmen. 2013 - The city of Detroit declares bankruptcy with debts of over 20 billion dollars. 2019 - An arson attack on an anime studio in Fushimi of Kyoto, Japan, kills 34 people. Births Up to 1900 1439 John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1507) 1501 Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Denmark (d. 1526) 1504 Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575) 1552 Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612) 1634 Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695) 1635 Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703) 1659 Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743) 1670 Giovanni Battista Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747) 1718 Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808) 1720 Gilbert White, English naturalist and ornithologist (d. 1793) 1724 Duchess Anna Antonia of Bavaria (d. 1780) 1797 Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879) 1804 Elizabeth Gould, English illustrator (d. 1841) 1811 William Makepeace Thackeray, English writer (d. 1863) 1818 Louis Gerard De Geer, first Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896) 1821 Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910) 1826 Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru (d. 1901) 1831 Johann Martin Schleyer, German priest and poet (d. 1912) 1837 Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary and national hero (d. 1873) 1848 W. G. Grace, English cricketer (d. 1915) 1853 Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist (d. 1928) 1862 Nikolai Yudenich, Russian general (d. 1933) 1864 Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, English politician (d. 1937) 1867 Margaret Brown, American socialite and philanthropist (d. 1932) 1871 Giacomo Balla, Italian painter (d. 1958) 1871 Sada Yacco, Japanese dancer (d. 1946) 1883 Jiang Kanghu, Chinese politician and activist (d. 1954) 1884 Alberto di Jorio, head of the Vatican Bank (d. 1979) 1886 Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., American general (d. 1945) 1887 Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier, politician and traitor (d. 1945) 1890 Frank Forde, 15th and shortest-serving Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983) 1892 Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969) 1895 Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (d. 1991) 1895 Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954) 1897 Ernest Eldridge, English racing driver (d. 1935) 1900 Nathalie Sarraute, French writer (d. 1999) 1901 1950 1901 Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, Polish politician (d. 1966) 1906 Clifford Odets, American director, playwright and screenwriter (d. 1963) 1908 Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress (d. 1944) 1909 Andrei Gromyko, Soviet politician (d. 1989) 1909 Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (d. 1994) 1909 Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994) 1910 Mamadou Dia, Prime Minister of Senegal (d. 2009) 1911 Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003) 1912 Max Rousié, French rugby player (d. 1950) 1913 Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997) 1914 Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000) 1914 Jo Cals, 41st Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1971) 1916 Owen Woodhouse, New Zealand judge (d. 2014) 1917 Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008) 1918 Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, Nobel Peace Prize winner (d. 2013) 1921 John Glenn, American astronaut and politician (d. 2016) 1921 Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist 1922 Thomas Kuhn, American physicist, historian and philosopher of science (d. 1996) 1923 Michael Medwin, British actor 1924 Norbert Tiemann, 32nd Governor of Nebraska (d. 2012) 1925 Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete (d. 2004) 1926 Joshua Fishman, American linguist (d. 2015) 1927 Kurt Masur, Silesian-born conductor (d. 2015) 1928 Andrea Gallo, Italian priest (d. 2013) 1928 Billy Harrell, American baseball player (d. 2014) 1929 Dick Button, American figure skater 1929 Franca Rame, Italian actress and playwright (d. 2013) 1929 Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer (d. 2000) 1930 Burt Kwouk, English actor (d. 2016) 1930 James I. Robertson Jr., American historian (d. 2019) 1932 Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet (d. 2017) 1933 Jean Yanne, French movie actor and director (d. 2003) 1935 Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru 1937 Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born American Nobel Prize-winning chemist 1937 Hunter S. Thompson, American writer (d. 2005) 1938 Paul Verhoeven, Dutch movie director 1938 Perch Zeytuntsyan, Egyptian-Armenian playwright and screenwriter (d. 2017) 1938 Ian Stewart, Scottish musician (d. 1995) 1940 Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager 1940 James Brolin, American actor 1941 Frank Farian, German music producer 1941 Lonnie Mack, American country musician (d. 2016) 1941 Martha Reeves, American singer, actress and politician 1942 Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician 1942 Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006) 1945 Boomer Castleman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015) 1948 Hartmut Michel, German chemist 1950 Richard Branson, British businessman 1950 Glenn Hughes, American singer (Village People) (d. 2001) 1950 Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer 1950 Jack Layton, Canadian politician, leader of the New Democratic Party (d. 2011) 1951 1975 1951 Elio Di Rupo, 50th Prime Minister of Belgium 1951 Margo Martindale, American actress 1951 Bruce Lietzke, American golfer (d. 2018) 1952 Ian Gibbons, English keyboardist (d. 2019) 1953 Post Bahadur Bogati, Nepalese politician (d. 2014) 1954 Ricky Skaggs, American musician, singer, producer and composer 1957 Keith Levene, British musician 1957 Nick Faldo, British golfer 1957 Audrey Landers, American actress and singer 1959 Pauline Quirke, English actress 1960 Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress 1961 David Irons, Scottish footballer and coach 1961 Elizabeth McGovern, American actress 1961 Alan Pardew, English football manager 1962 Lee Arenberg, American actor 1962 Jack Irons, American drummer 1963 Martín Torrijos, former President of Panama 1964 Wendy Williams, American talk show host, actress and author 1965 Steve Webb, English politician 1966 Lori Alan, American actress 1967 Vin Diesel, American actor 1968 Jonathan Gould, Scottish footballer and coach 1969 Masanori Murakawa, Japanese wrestler 1970 Gruff Rhys, Welsh musician, composer, producer, moviemaker and author 1971 Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress 1971 Penny Hardaway, American basketball player 1971 Sukhwinder Singh, Indian singer-songwriter and actor 1972 Hannes Stefánsson, Icelandic chess player 1975 Daron Malakian, Armenian-American musician (System of a Down) 1975 Torii Hunter, American baseball player From 1976 1978 Tomas Danilevicius, Lithuanian footballer 1978 Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player 1978 Virginia Raggi, Italian politician, Mayor of Rome 1979 Jason Weaver, American actor 1979 Jermaine Paul, American singer-songwriter and musician 1980 Kristen Bell, American actress 1980 Ryoko Hirosue, Japanese actress and singer 1981 Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player 1982 Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress 1982 Ryan Cabrera, American musician and TV host 1983 Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer 1983 Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer 1985 Chace Crawford, American actor 1985 Jan Hopsin, American rapper 1988 Cesar Villaluz, Mexican footballer 1988 Sofia Kvatsabaia, Georgian tennis player 1989 Jamie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player 1989 Yohan Mollo, French footballer 1990 Canelo Álvarez, Mexican professional boxer 1991 Karina Pasian, American singer and pianist 1993 Nabil Fekir, French footballer 1993 Lee Taemin, South Korean singer, dancer, rapper and actor 1996 Yung Lean, Swedish rapper Deaths Up to 1900 707 Emperor Monmu of Japan (b. 683) 715 Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi, founded Islam in South Asia (b. 695) 912 Zhu Wen, Emperor Taizu of Later Liang (b. 1852) 1488 Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432) 1566 Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish bishop (b. 1484) 1591 Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550) 1608 Joachim Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546) 1610 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (b. 1573) 1695 Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634) 1698 Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633) 1721 Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684) 1730 François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644) 1792 John Paul Jones, American naval commander (b. 1747) 1817 Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775) 1826 Isaac Shelby, 1st Governor of Kentucky (b. 1750) 1863 Robert Gould Shaw Colonel of the 54th Massachusetts infantry (b. 1837). 1872 Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (b. 1806) 1875 Jane Franklin, British adventurer (b. 1791) 1890 Lydia Becker, British activist (b. 1827) 1892 Thomas Cook, British pioneer travel agent (b. 1808) 1901 2000 1918 Princess Elizabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1864) 1919 Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot (b. 1886) 1925 Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal and archbishop (b. 1840) 1938 Queen Marie of Romania (b. 1875) 1947 Heiti Talvik, Estonian poet (b. 1904) 1947 Evald Tipner, Estonian footballer, ice hockey and bandy player (b. 1906) 1949 Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (b. 1870) 1953 Lucy Booth, daughter of William Booth and Catherine Booth (b. 1868) 1954 Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895) 1966 Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942) 1967 Humberto Alencar Castelo Branco, President of Brazil (b. 1897) 1968 Corneille Heymans, Belgian doctor, won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1892) 1969 Mary Jo Kopechne, American Robert F. Kennedy campaign worker (b. 1940) 1982 Roman Jakobson, Russian philologist and linguist (b. 1896) 1985 Louisa Ghijs, Belgian stage actress (b. 1902) 1988 Nico, German-American model and singer (b. 1938) 1988 Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924) 1989 Rebecca Schaeffer, American actress (b. 1967) 1990 Yun Poson, President of South Korea (b. 1897) 1990 Johnny Wayne, Canadian actor and screenwriter (b. 1918) 1995 Fabio Casartelli, Italian professional cyclist (b. 1970) 1995 Srinagarindra, Queen Mother of Thailand (b. 1900) 1997 Eugene Shoemaker, American astronomer (b. 1928) From 2001 2001 Fabio Taglioni, Italian automotive engineer (b. 1920) 2001 James Hatfield, American author (b. 1958) 2004 Paul Foot, British journalist (b. 1937) 2005 William Westmoreland, American military officer (b. 1914) 2005 Bill Hicke, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager (b. 1938) 2009 Henry Allingham, British World War I veteran and supercentenarian, oldest man in the world at the time of his death (b. 1896) 2012 Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (b. 1942) 2012 Jean François-Poncet, French politician (b. 1928) 2013 Nobuyuki Aihara, Japanese gymnast (b. 1934) 2014 Andreas Biermann, German footballer (b. 1980) 2014 Joao Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian writer (b. 1941) 2014 James Govan, American singer (b. 1949) 2015 Alex Rocco, American actor (b. 1936) 2015 George Coe, American actor (b. 1929) 2016 Manuel G. Batshaw, Canadian social worker (b. 1915) 2016 Uri Coronel, Dutch sports director (b. 1946) 2016 Bloeme Evers-Emden, Dutch teacher, child psychologist and Holocaust survivor (b. 1926) 2016 Agata Karczmarek, Polish long jumper (b. 1963) 2016 Jeffrey Montgomery, American LGBT rights activist (b. 1953) 2016 Billy Name, American photographer (b. 1940) 2017 José Bragato, Italian-Argentine cellist, composer and conductor (b. 1915) 2017 Max Gallo, French writer, historian and politician (b. 1932) 2017 Shigeaki Hinohara, Japanese physician (b. 1911) 2017 André Lafargue, French journalist (b. 1917) 2017 Andrew Paulson, American executive (b. 1958) 2017 Gustavo Alessandri Valdés, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1929) 2017 Red West, American actor, stuntman and songwriter (b. 1936) 2017 Ben's Cat, American racehorse (b. 2006) 2018 Adrian Cronauer, American disc jockey (b. 1938) 2018 Gopaldas Neeraj, Indian poet and writer (b. 1925) 2018 Burton Richter, American physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics (b. 1918) 2018 Geoffrey Wellum, British fighter pilot (b. 1921) 2018 Anne Olivier Bell, English literary editor and arts scholar (b. 1916) 2018 John Banks Elliott, Ghanaian diplomat (b. 1917) 2018 Ronald H. Griffith, American military officer (b. 1936) 2018 Rob van Mesdag, Dutch rower (b. 1930) 2019 Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud, French lawyer and politician (b. 1925) 2019 Luciano De Crescenzo, Italian screenwriter (b. 1928) 2019 Kurt Julius Isselbacher, German-born American physician (b. 1925) 2019 Roelof Nelissen, Dutch politician and banker (b. 1931) 2019 Yukiya Amano, Japanese diplomat (b. 1947) 2019 David Hedison, American actor (b. 1927) Observances Mandela Day Constitution Day (Uruguay) Days of the year

10048

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2019

July 19

Events Up to 1900 64 The Great Fire of Rome starts. 484 Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern Emperor at Tarsus in modern-day Turkey. 711 Ummayad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete - Ummayad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic. 1333 Wars of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Halidon Hill ends in an English victory. 1545 The Tudor battleship Mary Rose sinks. 1553 In England, Lady Jane Grey is replaced as queen by Mary I of England, having been queen for only a few days. 1572 Wanli Emperor takes control in China, becoming the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. 1588 Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada is seen in the English Channel. 1692 In the Salem Witch Trials, five women are hanged for witchcraft. 1701 Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding large territory north of the Ohio River to England. 1702 Great Northern War: A larger Polish-Saxon Army of Augustus III the Strong, operating from a better defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish Army half its size under the command of Charles XII of Sweden, in the Battle of Klissow. 1821 George IV of the United Kingdom is crowned king. 1832 The British Medical Association is founded by Charles Hastings. 1843 Isambard Kingdom Brunel's steamship, the SS Great Britain is launched. 1848 A Women's rights convention begins in Seneca Falls, New York. 1864 Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking - Qing Dynasty defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1870 Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia. 1900 The first line of the Paris Metro opens. From 1901 1903 Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France. 1908 The Dutch football club Feyenoord of Rotterdam is founded. 1912 A meteorite estimated to weigh 190 kilograms explodes over Holbrook, Arizona, causing around 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the village. 1916 World War I: Battle of Fromelles - British and Australian troops attack German trenches. 1920 Antonio Joaquim Granjo becomes Prime Minister of Portugal. 1936 The Sieges of Oviedo and Gijon begin shortly after the start of the Spanish Civil War. 1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches the V for Victory campaign. 1943 World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft. 1947 Several leading Burmese politicians, including Bogyoko Aung San, are executed by Galon U Saw. 1950 West Germany and the Saarland join the European Council. 1952 The Summer Olympics in Helsinki begin. 1961 Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte. 1965 The Mont Blanc road tunnel is opened. 1971 The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City opens. 1976 The Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created. 1979 The Sandinistas take official control of the government in Nicaragua. 1979 Two oil tankers collide near Trinidad and Tobago, causing an oil spill, and killing 29 seamen in the fire resulting from the collision. 1980 The Summer Olympics in Moscow begin. Some Western countries, including the United States and West Germany, boycott the event. 1981 French President Francois Mitterrand privately reveals to US President Ronald Reagan documents showing the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development. 1985 The Val di Stava dam collapses in Italy, killing 268 people. 1987 In Portugal, the Social Democrats under Anibal Cavaco Silva become the first political party during the Third Republic to form an overall majority in parliament. 1989 A United Airlines airplane crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, and bursts into flames, killing 112 out of the 296 people on board. 1992 Anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino and two police officers are killed by a car-bomb attack in Palermo, Sicily. 1996 Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is forced out of office. Wanted on war crimes charges, he goes into hiding until his arrest in 2008. 1996 The 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta begin, with Muhammad Ali lighting the Olympic flame. 1997 The Provisional IRA resumes a ceasefire during the Northern Ireland Troubles. 2002 In Scotland, the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park is created. 2003 The first successful tongue transplant is carried out in Vienna. 2007 Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman to be chosen to become President of India. 2018 Israel's Knesset passes a law defining the country as a Jewish Nation State. 2018 A duck boat capsizes on Table Rock Lake in Southwestern Missouri, United States, killing 17 people (out of 31 on board), including 9 from the same family. 2019 Iran seizes two British oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz. Births Up to 1900 1670 Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758) 1688 Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766) 1698 Johann Jakob Bodmer, Swiss writer and poet (d. 1783) 1739 Joseph Stanton, Jr., American politician (d. 1807) 1744 Heinrich Christian Boie, German poet (d. 1806) 1759 Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833) 1764 Juan José Castelli, Argentine politician (d. 1812) 1789 John Martin, English painter (d. 1854) 1800 Juan José Flores, first President of Ecuador (d. 1864) 1806 Alexander Dallas Bache, American physicist (d. 1867) 1814 Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862) 1819 Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890) 1822 Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916) 1827 Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857) 1834 Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917) 1840 José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (d. 1891) 1842 Frederick T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896) 1848 Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil (d. 1850) 1860 Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927) 1863 Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer and dramatist (d. 1934) 1865 Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939) 1876 Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972) 1876 Ignaz Seipel, Austrian politician (d. 1952) 1877 Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949) 1881 Friedrich Dessauer, German philosopher and physicist (d. 1963) 1883 Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and movie producer (d. 1972) 1884 Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1954) 1886 Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (d. 1957) 1890 King George II of Greece (d. 1947) 1892 Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957) 1893 Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930) 1894 Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965) 1894 Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959) 1895 Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953) 1896 A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981) 1898 Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979) 1901 1950 1904 Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer (d. 1985) 1914 Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005) 1917 William Scranton, American politician and diplomat, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 2013) 1920 Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2018) 1920 Aldo Protti, Italian opera singer (d. 1995) 1921 André Moynet, French fighter pilot, businessman, politician and racing driver (d. 1993) 1921 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011) 1921 Harold Camping, American evangelist and religious broadcaster, predicted the rapture (d. 2013) 1922 Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan, 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia (d. 2008) 1922 George McGovern, American politician (d. 2012) 1923 Lon Simmons, American sportscaster (d. 2015) 1923 Joseph Hansen, American writer (d. 2004) 1923 Alex Hannum, American basketball player (d. 2002) 1924 Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005) 1924 Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009) 1924 Arthur Rankin, Jr., American director, producer and writer (d. 2014) 1925 Otto Arosemena, President of Ecuador (d. 1984) 1926 Helen Gallagher, American actress, Ryan's Hope 1928 Bobby Davidson, Scottish football referee (d. 1993) 1929 Martin Grüner, German politician (d. 2018) 1932 Erró, Icelandic artist 1934 Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980) 1935 Vasily Livanov, Russian movie actor and screenwriter 1935 Nick Koback, American baseball player (d. 2015) 1935 Gerd Albrecht, German conductor (d. 2014) 1937 George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (d. 2014) 1938 Vakhtang Kikabidze, Georgian movie actor, director and singer 1938 Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993) 1941 Vikki Carr, American singer 1943 Thomas J. Sargent, American economist 1945 George Dzundza, American actor 1945 Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director and screenwriter 1945 Richard Henderson, Scottish molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry laureate 1946 Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band) 1946 Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player 1947 Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles) 1947 Brian May, English guitarist (Queen) 1947 Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer 1948 Atilio Ancheta, Uruguayan footballer 1948 Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980) 1949 Kgalema Motlanthe, former President of South Africa 1950 Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance 1950 Freddy Moore, American songwriter 1951 1975 1952 Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990) 1952 Robert A. Ficano, County Executive for Wayne County, Michigan (Detroit and environs) 1954 Alvan Adams, American basketball player 1954 Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist 1955 Dalton McGuinty, Canadian politician, 24th Premier of Ontario 1956 Nikki Sudden, American musician (d. 2006) 1958 Peter Houston, Scottish footballer and coach 1958 Kazushi Kimura, Japanese footballer 1958 Reuben Kane, American professional wrestler 1958 Angharad Tomos, Welsh author and language activist 1959 Juan José Campanella, Argentine director 1960 Atom Egoyan, Canadian movie maker 1960 Steve Viksten, American television writer and voice actor 1961 Campbell Scott, American actor and director 1961 Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast 1961 Niall Mackenzie, Scottish motorcycle road racer 1961 Benoît Mariage, Belgian movie director 1961 Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie director 1961 Lisa Lampanelli, American comedienne 1962 Anthony Edwards, American actor 1964 Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, lyricist and actor 1965 Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist 1965 Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia 1965 Stuart Scott, American sportscaster (d. 2015) 1966 Nancy Carell, American actress 1968 Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer 1968 Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head) 1969 Gabrielle, English singer 1970 Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish politician, 5th First Minister of Scotland 1971 Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo) 1971 Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kiev 1971 Naoki Soma, Japanese footballer 1971 Russell Allen, American singer 1971 Alan Marriott, Canadian voice actor 1972 Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer 1972 David Lammy, English politician 1973 Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth) 1973 Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player 1974 Preston Wilson, American baseball player From 1976 1976 Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and producer 1976 Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor 1976 Vinessa Shaw, American actress 1976 Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer 1976 Angela Griffin, English actress 1977 Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler 1977 Charles John Spencer, American professional wrestler 1978 Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress 1979 Luke Young, English footballer 1979 Rick Ankiel, American baseball pitcher 1980 Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player 1980 Michelle Heaton, English singer and model (Liberty X) 1980 Mark Webber, American actor 1981 Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause) 1981 Nikki Osborne, Australian actress 1981 Chris Spicuzza, American musician (Chimaira) 1982 Jared Padalecki, American actor 1982 Stuart Parnaby, English footballer 1983 Brooke Kinsella, English actress 1983 Helen Skelton, English television presenter 1984 Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer 1984 Adam Morrison, American basketball player 1985 LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player 1985 Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015) 1986 Leandro Greco, Italian footballer 1987 Hugh Harris, English singer and guitarist (The Kooks) 1988 Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor 1988 Kevin Grosskreutz, German footballer 1990 Aron Pálmarsson, Icelandic handball player 1990 Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor 1995 Maria Paseka, Russian gymnast 1996 Oh Ha-young, South Korean singer 1998 Erin Cuthbert, Scottish footballer Deaths Up to 1900 514 Pope Symmachus 806 Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778) 931 Uda of Japan (b. 867) 1374 Francesco Petrarca, Italian poet (b. 1304) 1415 Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359) 1543 Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. 1499) 1631 Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550) 1682 Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1640) 1692 Sarah Good, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653) 1692 Susannah Martin, accused at the Salem Witch Trials (b. 1621) 1742 William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675) 1810 Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776) 1814 Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774) 1824 Agustin de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783) 1838 Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785) 1838 Christmas Evans, Welsh minister (b. 1766) 1850 Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810) 1857 Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1796) 1878 Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847) 1901 2000 1911 Manuel Iradier, Spanish explorer (b. 1854) 1913 Climaco Calderon, President of Colombia (b. 1852) 1925 Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840) 1943 Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet flying ace (b. 1916) 1947 Aung San, Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician (b. 1915) 1947 U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898) 1947 Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886) 1965 Rhee Syng-man, President of South Korea (b. 1875) 1970 Egon Eiermann, German architect and designer (b. 1904) 1974 Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (b. 1904) 1975 Lefty Frizzell, American country musician and singer (b. 1928) 1977 Karl Ristikivi, Estonian writer (b. 1912) 1980 Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912) 1980 Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904) 1982 Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930) 1984 Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896) 1989 Kazimierz Sabbat, President of Poland (b. 1913) 1992 Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940) From 2001 2003 Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1908) 2004 Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911) 2007 Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944) 2009 Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930) 2009 Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991) 2010 David Warren, Australian inventor (b. 1925) 2012 Omar Suleiman, Egyptian army general, intelligence officer and politician (b. 1936) 2012 Hans Nowak, German footballer (b. 1937) 2013 Bert Trautmann, German footballer (b. 1923) 2013 Mel Smith, British comedian, actor, director and writer (b. 1952) 2013 Simon Pimenta, Indian cardinal (b. 1920) 2014 Lionel Ferbos, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1911) 2014 John Fasano, American screenwriter, producer and director (b. 1961) 2014 David Easton, Canadian political scientist (b. 1917) 2014 Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936) 2014 Yehuda Nir, Polish-born psychiatrist (b. 1930) 2014 Iring Fetscher, German political scientist (b. 1922) 2014 Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian and philosopher (b. 1933) 2014 Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician (b. 1933) 2014 Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (b. 1992) 2014 James Garner, American actor (b. 1928) 2015 Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian politician (b. 1947) 2015 Galina Prozumenshchikova, Russian swimmer (b. 1948) 2015 Van Alexander, American jazz composer, arranger and bandleader (b. 1915) 2015 Stellan Bojerud, Swedish politician (b. 1944) 2015 Carmino Ravosa, Argentine composer (b. 1930) 2016 Carlos Gorostiza, Argentine playwright, theatre director and novelist (b. 1920) 2016 Garry Marshall, American director, actor, producer and writer (b. 1934) 2016 Chief Zee, American football fan (Washington Redskins) (b. 1941) 2017 Miguel Blesa, Spanish banker (b. 1947) 2017 Jake Butcher, American banker and politician (b. 1936) 2017 Blaoui Houari, Algerian singer-songwriter (b. 1926) 2017 Ralph Regula, American politician (b. 1924) 2018 Rayo de Jalisco Sr., Mexican professional wrestler and actor (b. 1932) 2018 Jon Schnepp, American film director and animator (b. 1967) 2018 Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993) 2019 Agnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (b. 1929) 2019 César Pelli, Argentine architect (b. 1926) 2019 Yao Lee, Chinese singer (b. 1922) 2019 John Elya, Lebanese-born religious figure (b. 1928) 2019 Bert Rechichar, American football player (b. 1930) 2019 Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor (b. 1944) 2019 Don Mossi, American baseball player (b. 1929) Observances Sandinista Day (Nicaragua) Martyrs' Day (Burma) Christopher Street Day Days of the year

10049

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2027

July 27

Events Up to 1900 1054 Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, somewhere North of the Firth of Forth. 1202 Georgian-Seljuk Wars: At the Battle of Basian, the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum. 1214 Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies. 1299 According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding date of the Ottoman State. 1302 Battle of Bopheus: Ottoman victory over the Byzantines, opening up Bahynia for Turkish conquest. 1549 Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reaches Japan. 1663 The English Parliament passes the Second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. 1689 The Jacobite Army defeats Government forces in the Battle of Killiecrankie. 1694 A Royal Charter is granted to the Bank of England. 1778 American Revolution: First Battle of Usant - British and French fleets fight to a stand-off. 1789 The United States Department of Foreign Affairs is founded, later being renamed the United States Department of State. 1793 Maximilien Robespierre takes control of the 'Committee of Public Safety'. 1794 Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 'Enemies of the Revolution'. 1830 The July Revolution in France against King Charles II of France. 1862 Sailing from San Francisco to Panama City, the SS Golden Gate catches fire and sinks off Manzanillo, Mexico. 1865 Welsh settlers arrive in Chubut, Argentina. 1866 The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, from Valentia Island, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland. 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand - Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeats a British Army. 1890 Vincent van Gogh is believed to have shot himself, leading to his death two days later. 1900 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany makes a speech comparing the Germans to the Huns. The word 'Huns' has often been used as an offensive word to describe Germans ever since. 1901 2000 1919 The Chicago Race Riot breaks out after an incident on the South Side. Subsequent rioting leads to 38 deaths. 1921 University of Toronto researchers, led by Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulation regulates blood sugar. 1924 The 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris come to an end. 1929 The Third Geneva Convention, on dealing with prisoners of war, is signed by 53 nations. 1940 Bugs Bunny makes his debut (first appearance) on television. 1941 World War II: Japanese troops occupy French Indochina, in what is now Vietnam. 1942 World War II: Allied forces successfully halt a final Axis advance into Egypt. 1945 Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 1953 The Korean War ends. 1955 The Allied occupation of Austria officially ends. 1976 Former Prime Minister of Japan Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. 1983 At Weikada High Security Prison in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 18 Tamil prisoners are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners. 1990 Belarus declares independence. 1990 The Jamaat al-Muslimeen group attempts a coup d'état in Trinidad and Tobago. 1995 The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC. 1996 A bomb explodes at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, US, killing 1 person. Eric Rudolph carried out the attack. 1997 Jan Ullrich becomes the first German to win the Tour de France. 1997 About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria. From 2001 2002 In New Zealand's election, Helen Clark's Labor Party Government is reelected. 2002 The world's worst ever air show disaster occurs in Lviv, Ukraine, as a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes, killing 85 people. 2005 NASA suspends Space Shuttle flights, just a day after the Discovery launch, as, during it, part of the foam insulation sheds from the fuel tank. Repairs are performed on space walks and the Shuttle lands safely on August 9. 2006 The Federal Republic of Germany is deemed guilty in the loss of Bashkirian 2937 and DHL Flight 611, because it is illegal to outsource flight surveillance. 2007 Two news helicopters, from TV Stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Phoenix, Arizona, while covering a police chase. 2012 The 2012 Summer Olympics in London begin. 2013 Between 65 and 100 people are estimated to have been killed in clashes between the military, and supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt. 2018 The longest-lasting total lunar eclipse of the 21st century is seen in many parts of the world; coincidentally, it occurs at the same time as Mars' closest approach to Earth in 15 years. Births Up to 1900 1452 Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508) 1667 Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1748) 1733 Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779) 1734 Princess Sophie of France (d. 1782) 1740 Jeanne Baret, French naturalist (d. 1803) 1768 Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter (d. 1839) 1768 Charlotte Corday, French aristocrat who killed Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793) 1773 Jacob Aall, Norwegian politician and historian (d. 1844) 1773 Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (d. 1802) 1781 Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (d. 1828) 1784 Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (d. 1839) 1824 Alexandre Dumas, fils, French writer (d. 1895) 1833 Thomas George Bonney, geologist (d. 1923) 1834 Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian national hero (d. 1879) 1835 Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer (d. 1907) 1848 Lorand Eotvos, Hungarian physicist (d. 1919) 1851 Guillermo Billinghurst, President of Peru (d. 1915) 1851 Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery, British noblewoman (d. 1890) 1853 Vladimir Korolenko, Russian writer (d. 1921) 1854 Takahashi Korekiyo, 20th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936) 1857 José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican political leader (d. 1921) 1857 Augusta Stowe-Gullen, Canadian physician and feminist (d. 1943) 1857 E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist and philologist (d. 1934) 1866 Antonio José de Almeida, Portuguese politician (d. 1929) 1867 Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916) 1870 Hilaire Belloc, English writer (d. 1953) 1877 Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 1960) 1878 Iwane Matsui, Japanese general (d. 1948) 1879 Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1960) 1880 Joe Tinker, American baseball player (d. 1948) 1881 Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945) 1882 Geoffrey de Havilland, British aircraft designer (d. 1965) 1886 Ernst May, German architect (d. 1970) 1896 Robert George, Scottish-born 24th Governor of South Australia (d. 1967) 1896 Henri Longchambon, French politician (d. 1969) 1900 Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (d. 1976) 1901 1950 1903 Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek politician (d. 2002) 1903 Nikolai Cherkasov, actor (d. 1966) 1904 Lyudmila Rudenko, Russian chess player (d. 1986) 1905 Leo Durocher, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1991) 1906 Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (d. 2000) 1907 Gregory Vlastos, American philosopher (d. 1991) 1908 Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996) 1910 Julien Gracq, French writer (d. 2007) 1910 Lupita Tovar, Mexican actress (d. 2017) 1915 Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982) 1916 Elizabeth Hardwick, novelist (d. 2007) 1916 Keenan Wynn, American character actor (d. 1986) 1916 Amha Selassie, Crown Prince of Ethiopia (d. 1997) 1917 Bourvil, French actor (d. 1970) 1918 Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984) 1919 Jack Goody, English social anthropologist (d. 2015) 1922 Norman Lear, American television writer and producer 1923 Masutatsu Oyama, founder of Kyokushin marshal art (d. 1994) 1924 Vincent Canby, movie critic (d. 2000) 1927 Heinz Wewers, German footballer (d. 2008) 1927 John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (d. 2014) 1927 Guy Carawan, American folk musician (d. 2015) 1928 Karl Mai, German footballer (d. 1993) 1928 Joe Kittinger, American pilot 1929 Jean Baudrillard, French philosopher (d. 2007) 1930 Shirley Williams, British politician 1931 Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (d. 2018) 1931 Khieu Samphan, Cambodian politician 1937 Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009) 1938 Isabelle Aubret, French singer 1938 Gary Gygax, American game creator (d. 2008) 1939 Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet 1939 William Eggleston, American photographer 1940 Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009) 1940 Gary Kurtz, American film producer (d. 2018) 1942 John Pleshette, American actor, director and screenwriter 1942 Dennis Ralston, American tennis player 1943 Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat 1943 John Button, English racing driver (d. 2014) 1944 Tony Capstick, English comedian (d. 2003) 1944 Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter 1944 Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist 1944 Barbara Thompson, British musician and composer 1948 Peggy Fleming, American figure skater 1948 Hans Rosling, Swedish physician, academic, statistician and public speaker (d. 2017) 1949 André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player 1949 Rory MacDonald, Scottish musician (Runrig) 1949 Maureen McGovern, American singer and Broadway actress 1949 Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (d. 2010) 1951 1975 1951 Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish politician 1951 Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (d. 2019) 1952 Roxanne Hart, American actress 1954 Peter L. Allen, actor and musician 1954 Philippe Alliot, French racing driver 1957 Bill Engvall, American comedian 1957 Allan Simmons, English Scrabble player 1958 Christopher Dean, English figure skater 1958 Barbara Rudnik, German actress (d. 2009) 1959 Siobhan Redmond, Scottish actress 1960 Conway Savage, Australian rock singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2018) 1960 Emily Thornberry, English politician 1960 Jo Durie, English tennis player 1961 Daniel C. Burbank, American astronaut 1962 Tony Leung, Chinese actor 1963 Donnie Yen, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist 1965 José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer 1965 Trifon Ivanov, Bulgarian footballer (d. 2016) 1967 Juliana Hatfield, musician 1967 Monique Sluyter, Dutch model 1967 Kellie Waymire, actress (d. 2003) 1968 Cliff Curtis, New Zealand actor 1969 Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress 1969 Triple H, American professional wrestler 1969 Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer 1972 Jill Arrington, American sports reporter 1972 Maya Rudolph, American actress, singer and screenwriter 1972 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut 1973 Abe Cunningham, American drummer (Deftones) 1974 Eason Chan, Hong Kong pop singer 1975 Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer 1975 Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player 1975 Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player From 1976 1976 Fernando Ricksen, Dutch footballer (d. 2019) 1977 Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, British actor 1977 Björn Dreyer, German footballer 1979 Sidney Govou, French footballer 1979 Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler 1980 Nick Nemeth, American professional wrestler 1983 Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer 1983 Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer 1984 Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player 1984 Arynne Sherouse, American writer, actor, and singer 1984 Iekeliene Stange, Dutch model 1985 Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player 1986 DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player 1986 Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player 1987 Marek Hamsik, Slovakian footballer 1987 Jordan Hill, American basketball player 1989 Charlotte Arnold, Canadian actress 1989 Mohamed Bangura, Sierra Leonean footballer 1990 Indiana Evans, Australian actress 1990 Nick Hogan, American reality TV personality 1990 Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1991 Rena Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48) 1993 Jordan Spieth, American golfer 1994 Winnie Harlow, Canadian model Deaths Up to 1900 432 Pope Celestine I 916 Clement of Ohrid, Slavic archbishop and scholar (b. 840) 1101 Conrad II of Italy (b. 1074) 1276 King James I of Aragon (b. 1208) 1365 Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339) 1382 Joanna I of Naples (b. 1326) 1656 Salomo Glassius, German theologian (b. 1593) 1675 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (b. 1611) 1759 Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (b. 1698) 1770 Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693) 1841 Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer, poet and painter (b. 1814) 1844 John Dalton, English physicist and chemist (b. 1776) 1863 William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (b. 1813) 1873 Fyodor Tyutchev, Russian poet (b. 1803) 1883 Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813) 1901 2000 1917 Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss doctor, won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1841) 1924 Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist (b. 1866) 1946 Gertrude Stein, American writer and publicist (b. 1874) 1948 Joe Tinker, American baseball player (b. 1880) 1962 Richard Herrmann, German footballer (b. 1923) 1962 James H. Kindelberger, American aerospace pioneer (b. 1895) 1970 António de Oliveira Salazar, President of Portugal (b. 1889) 1971 Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1924) 1978 Bob Heffron, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890) 1978 Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (b. 1907) 1980 Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (b. 1919) 1985 Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (b. 1889) 1987 Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1903) 1988 Frank Zamboni, American inventor (b. 1901) 1990 Elizabeth Allan, British actress (b. 1908) 1991 Gino Colaussi, Italian footballer (b. 1914) 1995 Miklos Rozsa, Hungarian-American composer (b. 1907) 1995 Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician (b. 1915) 1999 Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1912) From 2001 2001 Leon Wilkeson, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1952) 2003 Bob Hope, English-American comedian (b. 1903) 2008 Horst Stein, German conductor (b. 1928) 2010 Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (b. 1949) 2011 Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer (b. 1935) 2012 Jack Taylor, English football referee (b. 1930) 2012 Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (b. 1944) 2012 Norman Alden, American actor (b. 1924) 2012 R. G. Armstrong, American actor (b. 1917) 2012 Tony Martin, American singer (b. 1913) 2012 Russ Mayberry, Scottish-American television director (b. 1926) 2013 Lindy Boggs, American politician (b. 1916) 2013 Jon Leyne, British journalist (b. 1958) 2014 Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (b. 1929) 2014 Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Japanese-American Rinzai Zen teacher (b. 1907) 2014 Paul Schell, 50th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1937) 2014 George Freese, American baseball player (b. 1926) 2015 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian scientist and politician, 11th President of India (b. 1931) 2015 Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (b. 1929) 2016 Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (b. 1928) 2016 Jack Davis, American artist (b. 1924) 2016 Richard Thompson, American cartoonist (b. 1957) 2016 James Alan McPherson, American writer (b. 1943) 2016 Jerry Doyle, American actor, broadcaster and political commentator (b. 1956) 2016 Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1915) 2017 D. L. Menard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1932) 2017 Ovidio Messa, Bolivian footballer (b. 1952) 2017 Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor (b. 1943) 2017 Marty Sklar, American businessman (b. 1934) 2017 Magnus Böcker, Swedish businessman (b. 1961) 2018 Michael P. DeLong, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General (b. 1945) 2018 Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian sexologist and television presenter (b. 1938) 2018 Bernard Hepton, English actor (b. 1925) 2018 Vladimir Voinovich, Russian novelist and journalist (b. 1932) 2018 Gervase Markham, British computer programmer (b. 1978) 2018 Enrique Verástegui, Peruvian poet, physicist and philosopher (b. 1950) 2019 Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (b. 1923) 2019 Humphrey Mijnals, Surinamese-Dutch footballer (b. 1930) 2019 Mike Roarke, American baseball player (b. 1930) 2019 John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist (b. 1931) Observances National Sleepy Head Day (Finland) Victory Day (North Korea) José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico) Days of the year

10050

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2028

July 28

Events Up to 1900 1364 Troops of the Republic of Pisa and Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. 1540 Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex is executed at the order of King Henry VIII of England, who marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day. 1566 A storm sinks several ships off the coast of the island of Gotland, Sweden, killing around 6,000 people. 1609 Bermuda is settled by English sailors, after their ship, the Sea Venture, runs aground, on the way to Virginia. 1794 French revolutionary leaders Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just are executed on the guillotine. 1800 First successful climb of the Grossglockner in the Austrian Alps by Martin and Sepp Klotz. 1809 Napoleonic Wars: In the Battle of Talavera an army led by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington prevents Joseph Bonaparte from advancing into Portugal. 1821 Peru declares independence from Spain, through Jose de San Martin. 1835 Joseph Fieschi and co-plotters attempt an attack on Louis Philippe of France, who survives with slight injuries, though several people are killed. 1858 Fingerprints are used for the first time to prove identity. William Herschel, Indian Civil service, used Rajyadhar Konai's print on the back of an envelope. 1864 American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church - Confederate forces fail their third attempt to drive Union forces out of Atlanta. 1865 Welsh settlement of Chubut, Argentina, begins. 1866 At age 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest woman to be commissioned by the United States Government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln). 1868 The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans citizenship. 1883 The Italian island of Ischia is struck by a powerful earthquake, killing 2,300 people. 1896 The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated. 1901 2000 1914 World War I starts when Austria-Hungary goes to war with Serbia. 1932 US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, DC. 1933 Spain and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations. 1935 First flight of a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. 1938 The Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in the Trans-Pacific China Clipper service. 1942 World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order Number 227 in response to alarming German advances into the Soviet Union. Under the order, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions, without orders to do so, are to be executed. 1943 World War II: British bombers bomb the city of Hamburg, causing a firestorm which kills around 42,000 people. 1945 A US Army plane crashes into the Empire State Building in New York, killing 14 people. 1947 An ammonium nitrate-loaded ship, Ocean Liberty, explodes in the harbor of Brest, Brittany, France, killing 21 people and injuring over 100. 1957 Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, Kyushu, Japan, kill 992 people. 1965 US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces the increase of US troops in Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000. 1973 Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: 600,000 people attend a rock music festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway. 1976 A strong earthquake, estimated at magnitude 8.2, strikes Tangshan, China. It kills 242,769 people. The estimated number of people injured is 164,851. 1977 Spain applies for membership of the European Community. 1981 An earthquake in Iran kills 1,500 people. 1984 The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin. 1987 A rock fall buries the village of Morignone in upper Valtellina, northern Italy, killing 53 people and making 1,500 homeless. 1990 Alberto Fujimori becomes President of Peru. 1991 Miguel Indurain wins his first Tour de France. 1993 Andorra joins the United Nations. 1996 Ivan Milat is found guilty of 7 murders in the Sydney backpacker trial. 1996 Remains of a prehistoric man are discovered in Kennewick, Washington, later known as the Kennewick Man. From 2001 2001 Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win 6 gold medals at a single World Championship. 2001 Alejandro Toledo becomes President of Peru. 2005 Tornadoes hit residential areas of Birmingham and Coventry, England, injuring 14 people. 2005 The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its 30-year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland. 2006 Alan García becomes President of Peru. 2008 The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare, England, burns down for the second time in 80 years. 2010 A plane crash in the Margalla Hills, near Islamabad, Pakistan, kills 152 people. 2011 Ollanta Humala becomes President of Peru. 2013 Jewels worth 103 million euros are stolen in Cannes, France. 2013 A coach carrying 50 people crashes into a ravine near Avellino, Campania region, Italy, killing 38 people. It was travelling to nearby Naples when it crashed. 2014 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow: Host nation Scotland achieves its highest-ever gold medal total at the Commonwealth Games, winning a 12th one with six days of competition remaining. 2016 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski becomes President of Peru. 2016 Hillary Clinton accepts the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States, becoming the first woman to become the candidate of a major US political party. 2017 Nawaz Sharif resigns as Prime Minister of Pakistan after being ruled unfit for office over his family's involvement in the Panama Papers scandal. 2019 Egan Bernal becomes the first Colombian cyclist to win the Tour de France and, at age 22, the youngest cyclist to win it in 110 years. Births Up to 1900 1165 Ibn Arabi, Spanish sufi (d. 1240) 1347 Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1412) 1456 Jacopo Sannazzaro, Italian poet (d. 1530) 1522 Margaret of Parma (d. 1586) 1609 Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (d. 1660) 1635 Robert Hooke, English polymath (d. 1703) 1643 Antonio Tarsia, Slovenian composer (d. 1722) 1645 Marguerite Louise d'Orleans, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1721) 1746 Thomas Heyward, Jr., American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1809) 1777 William II, Elector of Hesse (d. 1847) 1804 Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872) 1815 Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian military figure (d. 1889) 1844 Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889) 1859 Mary Anderson, American actress (d. 1940) 1860 Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922) 1860 Elias M. Ammons, 18th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925) 1863 Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919) 1866 Beatrix Potter, British writer (d. 1943) 1866 Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938) 1867 Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (d. 1951) 1872 Albert Sarraut, French politician (d. 1962) 1873 Louisa Garrett Anderson, British physician and suffragette (d. 1943) 1874 Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (d. 1945) 1879 Lucy Burns, American Women's rights activist (d. 1966) 1879 Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944) 1887 Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968) 1891 Ron Oxenham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939) 1896 Barbara La Marr, American actress (d. 1926) 1901 1950 1901 Harry Bridges, Australian-American labor leader (d. 1990) 1901 Rudy Vallée, American singer (d. 1986) 1901 Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1979) 1902 Albert Namatjira, Australian artist (d. 1959) 1902 Karl Popper, Austrian-British philosopher (d. 1994) 1903 Roger Mynors, British classical philologist (d. 1989) 1904 Selwyn Lloyd, British politician (d. 1978) 1904 Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist (d. 1990) 1907 Earl Tupper, American inventor (d. 1983) 1909 Malcolm Lowry, English writer (d. 1957) 1914 Carmen Dragon, American composer (d. 1984) 1915 Charles Hard Townes, American physicist (d. 2015) 1915 Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998) 1916 David Brown, American producer (d. 2010) 1920 Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American movie and television director (d. 2014) 1922 Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss undersea explorer (d. 2008) 1923 Kent Lee, American Vice Admiral (d. 2017) 1924 Irving Burgie, American songwriter (d. 2019) 1925 Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician (d. 2011) 1925 Harry Haddock, Scottish footballer (d. 1998) 1925 Juan Schiaffino, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2002) 1927 Ermes Muccinelli, Italian footballer (d. 1994) 1927 John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017) 1929 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994) 1930 Jean Roba, Belgian comics writer (d. 2006) 1930 Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014) 1931 Karl-Friedrich Haas, German athlete 1933 Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016) 1934 Bud Luckey, American cartoonist, animator, actor and comedian (d. 2018) 1935 Ernie Bowman, American baseball player (d. 2019) 1937 Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter 1937 John Anthony Walker, American naval officer (d. 2014) 1938 Luis Aragonés, Spanish football manager (d. 2014) 1938 Alberto Fujimori, former President of Peru 1938 Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician 1938 Ian McCaskill, Scottish weather forecaster (d. 2016) 1938 Arsen Dedic, Croatian singer-songwriter (d. 2015) 1939 Gösta Ekman, Swedish actor (d. 2017) 1941 Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor 1941 Michael Mukasey, 81st Attorney General of the United States 1941 Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor 1943 Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician 1943 Richard Wright, English keyboardist (Pink Floyd) (d. 2008) 1943 Judy Martz, American politician, 22nd Governor of Montana (d. 2017) 1943 Mike Bloomfield, American blues guitarist 1945 Jim Davis, American cartoonist 1946 Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter 1946 Linda Kelsey, American actress 1947 Peter Cosgrove, 26th Governor-General of Australia 1947 Barbara Ferrell, American athlete 1947 Sally Struthers, American actress 1948 Georgia Engel, American actress (d. 2019) 1950 Isidore Battikha, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Homs, Syria 1950 Tom Cotcher, Scottish actor 1951 1975 1951 Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect 1951 Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach 1951 Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, Spanish politician (d. 2019) 1952 Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand 1954 Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (d. 2013) 1954 Gerd Faltings, German mathematician 1954 Steve Morse, American guitarist 1954 Bruce Abbott, American actor 1955 Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian cross-country skier 1956 Luca Barbareschi, Italian movie and theatre actor, producer and director 1957 Scott Pelley, American journalist 1958 Terry Fox, Canadian athlete (d. 1981) 1958 Michael Hitchcock, American screenwriter, actor and producer 1960 Alexandre Czerniatynski, Belgian footballer 1960 Yoichi Takahashi, Japanese cartoonist 1960 Harald Lesch, German astrophysicist 1960 Jonathan Gold, American food critic (d. 2018) 1961 Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director 1961 Yannick Dalmas, French racing driver 1961 Aleksandr Kurlovich, Soviet weight lifter 1964 Lori Loughlin, American actress 1965 Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer 1965 Delfeayo Marsalis, American trombonist 1965 Daniela Mercury, Brazilian singer 1966 Miguel Angel Nadal, Spanish footballer 1967 Brent Saulsbury, American musician and composer 1969 Alexis Arquette, American actress (d. 2016) 1969 Garth Snow, American ice hockey player 1970 Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter 1970 Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian ice skater 1971 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 1972 Elizabeth Berkley, American actress 1973 Clara Ng, Indonesian writer 1973 Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1974 Justin Lee Collins, British comedian 1974 Alexis Tsipras, Greek politician, former Prime Minister of Greece 1975 Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer From 1976 1977 Emanuel Ginobili, Argentine basketball player 1977 Pascale Bruderer, Swiss politician 1977 Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player 1978 Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer, songwriter and guitarist 1979 Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer 1980 Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer and actor (Hear'Say) 1981 Michael Carrick, English footballer 1981 Willie Green, American basketball player and coach 1982 Agusta Eva Erlendsdottir, Icelandic singer and actress 1983 Dhanush, Indian actor and singer 1983 Juan Guaidó, Venezuelan politician 1984 Ali Krieger, American soccer player 1984 Zach Parise, American ice hockey player 1985 Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer 1985 Darren Murphy, Irish footballer 1987 Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma, Spanish footballer 1987 Sumire, Japanese fashion model (d. 2009) 1988 Ayla Brown, American basketball player and coach 1990 Soulja Boy, American rapper 1992 Spencer Boldman, American actor 1993 Hannah Lochner, Canadian actress 1993 Cher Lloyd, English singer and rapper 1993 Harry Kane, English footballer Deaths Up to 1900 450 Theodosius II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1401) 1057 Pope Victor II (b. 1018) 1230 Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176) 1285 Keran, Queen of Armenia 1527 Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador (b. 1460) 1540 Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1495) 1614 Felix Platter, Swiss doctor and autobiographical writer (b. 1536) 1631 Guillen de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569) 1655 Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619) 1677 Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618) 1685 Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (b. 1618) 1718 Etienne Baluze, French scholar (b. 1630) 1741 Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678) 1746 John Peter Zenger, American publicist (b. 1697) 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685) 1762 George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician (b. 1691) 1794 Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1758) 1794 Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1867) 1794 Georges Couthon, French politician (b. 1755) 1808 Selim III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1762) 1818 Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746) 1835 Edouard Mortier, duc de Trevise, French general and politician (b. 1768) 1836 Nathan Mayer Rothschild, English banker and financier (b. 1777) 1842 Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778) 1844 Joseph Bonaparte, older brother of Napoleon I and King of Naples and Spain (b. 1768) 1849 Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798) 1850 Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian businessman and banker (b. 1774) 1869 Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787) 1875 Jean Baptista von Schweitzer, German dramatist (b. 1833) 1878 George Law Curry, American politician (b. 1820) 1895 Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803) 1899 Antonio Guzman Blanco, President of Venezuela (b. 1829) 1901 2000 1917 Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (b. 1879) 1930 Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862) 1930 John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881) 1933 Nishinoumi Kajiro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1890) 1934 Marie Dressler, actress (b. 1868) 1935 Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871) 1942 William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (b. 1853) 1944 Ralph H. Fowler, British astronomer (b. 1889) 1957 Edith Abbott, social worker, educator, and writer (b. 1876) 1965 Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese writer of detective novels (b. 1894) 1965 Sheikh Attallah Suleimat, Jordanian ruler (b. 1875) 1967 Karl W. Richter, American aviator (b. 1942) 1968 Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1879) 1969 Frank Loesser, composer (b. 1910) 1971 Myril Hoag, baseball player (b. 1908) 1972 Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903) 1982 Keith Green, American gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1953) 1996 Marguerite "Marge" Ganser, singer (Shangri-Las) (b. 1948) 1997 Seni Pramoj, Thai politician (b. 1905) 1998 Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and writer (b. 1924) 1999 Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist (b. 1911) 2000 Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918) From 2001 2002 Arthur John Porter Martin, English chemist (b. 1910) 2003 Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish Senator and campaigner for the disabled (b. 1918) 2004 Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist (b. 1938) 2004 Francis Crick, English chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916) 2004 Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915) 2006 Patrick Allen, British actor (b. 1927) 2008 Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese actress and singer (b. 1977) 2011 Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan military commander (b. 1944) 2013 Mustafa Adrisi, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922) 2013 Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914) 2013 Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (b. 1924) 2013 William Scranton, American diplomat and politician, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917) 2013 Eileen Brennan, American actress (b. 1932) 2014 Margot Adler, American writer and journalist (b. 1946) 2014 James Shigeta, American actor (b. 1930) 2014 Yvette Lebon, French actress (b. 1910) 2014 Paul D. McGowan, American politician (b. 1947) 2014 Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot and navigator (b. 1921) 2014 Monty M. Wyche, American judge (b. 1926) 2015 Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1954) 2015 Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (b. 1950) 2015 David Faber, Polish Holocaust survivor and author (b. 1928) 2016 Mahasweta Devi, Indian writer (b. 1926) 2016 Emile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin (b. 1918) 2017 Enzo Bettiza, Croatian-Italian novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1927) 2017 Charlie Gard, British infant, focus of life support and parental rights case (b. 2016) 2017 Inder Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1973) 2017 John G. Morris, American photo editor (b. 1916) 2017 Warren Keith Urbom, American judge (b. 1925) 2018 Kora Jackowska, Polish rock music singer and voice actress (b. 1951) 2018 Bruce Lietzke, American golfer (b. 1951) 2019 Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (b. 1951) 2019 George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (b. 1934) 2019 Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr., Russian journalist and television host (b. 1959) 2019 Loek van Mil, Dutch baseball player (b. 1984) 2019 Jaipal Reddy, Indian politician (b. 1942) 2019 Ruth de Souza, Brazilian actress (b. 1921) Observances Peru: Independence Day Faroe Islands: Eve of the feast day of Saint Olaf. San Marino: Liberation Day World Hepatitis Day (after birthday of Baruch Samuel Blumberg) Days of the year

10051

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2029

July 29

Events Up to 1900 238 - The Praetorian Guard storm the palace and capture Pupienus and Balbinus, who are then dragged through the streets of Rome and executed. 904 - Sack of Thessaloniki - Saracen raiders under Leo of Tripoli sack Thessaloniki, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city after a short siege, and plunder it for a week. 1014 - Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine Emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army. The way he treats 15,000 prisoners is said to have caused Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack just over two months later, on October 6. 1030 - Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II of Norway fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes. 1565 - Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. 1567 - King James VI of Scotland, barely a year old, is crowned in the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling. 1588 – The Spanish Armada is defeated. 1793 - John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there. 1836 - Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. 1848 - Tipperary Revolt during the Irish Potato Famine: An unsuccessful national revolt against British rule is put down by police. 1851 - Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia. 1864 - American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained in Old Capitol Prison, Washington, DC. 1894 - First Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops defeat Chinese troops in the Battle of Seonghwan. 1899 - The first Hague Convention is signed. 1900 – King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by anarchist Gaetano Bresci. 1901 2000 1907 - Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout Camp in Dorset on the South coast of England. This is regarded as the founding of the Scouting movement. 1914 - The first transcontinental telephone service begins with first conversation between New York City and San Francisco. 1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the Nazi Party. 1937 - Tongzhou Incident: In Tongzhou, China, the East Hopei Army attacks Japanese troops and civilians. 1948 - The 1948 Summer Olympics in London begin. 1954 - J. R. R. Tolkien's novel, Lord of the Rings is first published. 1957 - The International Atomic Energy Agency is founded. 1958 - Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 1959 - Hawaii holds its first elections to the United States Congress. It becomes a state on August 21. 1967 - Off North Vietnam the military ship USS Forrestal catches fire, killing 134 people. 1967 – An earthquake strikes Caracas and kills 500 people. 1968 - The Arenal volcano in Costa Rica erupts, destroying settlements in Pueblo Nuevo and Tabacon. 1973 - Most voters in Greece choose to get rid of their monarchy and become a republic. 1973 - At the Dutch Grand Prix, Roger Williamson is killed in the race, after his car hits the barriers at high speed. 1976 – The first victims of the Son of Sam serial killer are murdered. 1980 - The Flag of Iran is modified. 1981 – Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales marry. 1987 - Margaret Thatcher and Francois Mitterrand sign an agreement to build a tunnel under the English Channel. 1987 - Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan Prime Minister J. R. Jayewardene sign the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord on ethnic issues. 1993 - The Israeli Supreme Court acquits John Demjanjuk, who is later found guilty of war crimes. From 2001 2004 - Italy decides to get rid of conscription from July 1, 2005. 2005 – The discovery of the dwarf planet Eris is announced. 2006 - Declaration of Montreal for human rights of LGBT is adopted. 2010 - Start of a major flooding disaster in Pakistan. 2010 - A overloaded passenger ferry capsizes on the Kasai River, Bandundu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing over 80 people. 2014 - Israel-Gaza Conflict: Over 100 people in the Gaza Strip are reported to have been killed in a single day. 2015 - Microsoft Windows 10 launches. 2018 - Geraint Thomas becomes the first Welsh cyclist to win the Tour de France. 2019 - A prison riot in Altamira, Pará, Brazil, results in 57 people being killed. Births Up to 1900 1166 - Henry II, Count of Champagne, King of Jerusalem (d. 1197) 1356 - Martin of Aragon (d. 1410) 1580 - Francesco Mochi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654) 1605 - Simon Dach, German poet (d. 1659) 1793 - Jan Kollar, Slovakian writer (d. 1852) 1794 - Thomas Corwin, Governor of Ohio (d. 1865) 1796 - Christian Winther, Danish writer and poet (d. 1876) 1801 – George Bradshaw, English publisher (d. 1853) 1805 – Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and political scientist (d. 1859) 1814 - Hermann Bonitz, German philosopher (d. 1888) 1817 - Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter (d. 1900) 1817 - Wilhelm Griesinger, German psychiatrist (d. 1868) 1825 - George Pendleton, American legislator (d. 1889) 1836 - Wilhelm Kress, Austrian aviation pioneer (d. 1913) 1841 – Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Norwegian doctor and scientist (d. 1912) 1843 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901) 1846 - Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (d. 1921) 1846 - Sophie Menter, German pianist and composer (d. 1918) 1849 – Max Nordau, writer, philosopher and Zionist leader (d. 1923) 1860 - Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, Governor of Queensland (d. 1940) 1865 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (d. 1936) 1869 – Booth Tarkington, writer (d. 1946) 1874 – James Shaver Woodsworth, Methodist minister, social worker, and politician (d. 1942) 1876 – Maria Ouspenskaya, actress (d. 1949) 1878 – Don Marquis, writer (d. 1937) 1879 - Giuseppe Garibaldi II, Italian adventurer (d. 1950) 1883 – Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator (d. 1945) 1883 – Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and writer (d. 1942) 1884 – Ralph A. Bard, U.S. Navy Under Secretary (d. 1975) 1885 - Theda Bara, American silent movie actress (d. 1955) 1887 – Sigmund Romberg, composer (d. 1951) 1888 - Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982) 1889 - Ernst Reuter, German politician (d. 1953) 1891 - Bernhard Zondek, German-Israeli gynecologist (d. 1966) 1892 – William Powell, actor (d. 1984) 1897 – Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (d. 1983) 1898 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, Hungarian-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988) 1900 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer (d. 1976) 1900 - Don Redman, American composer and bandleader (d. 1964) 1901 - 1950 1904 - Mahasi Sayadaw, Burmese Buddhist monk and meditation master (d. 1982) 1904 - J. R. D. Tata, French-Indian pilot and businessman (d. 1993) 1905 – Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965) 1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish UN Secretary-General (d. 1961) 1905 – Thelma Todd, American actress (d. 1935) 1905 – Stanley Kunitz, American poet (d. 2006) 1906 – Diana Vreeland, fashion editor (d. 1989) 1907 – Melvin Belli, lawyer and actor (d. 1996) 1911 - Foster Furcolo, 60th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1995) 1913 - Erich Priebke, German SS officer (d. 2013) 1914 - Irwin Corey, American comedian, actor and activist (d. 2017) 1915 - Francis W. Sargent, 64th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1998) 1916 - Rupert Hamer, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (d. 2004) 1917 - Rochus Misch, German SS officer (d. 2013) 1921 - Richard Egan, American actor (d. 1987) 1921 - Chris Marker, French movie maker (d. 2012) 1923 - Edgar Cortright, American scientist and engineer (d. 2014) 1923 - Jim Marshall, English founder of Marshall Amplification (d. 2012) 1924 – Lloyd Bochner, Canadian actor (d. 2005) 1924 - Robert Horton, American actor (d. 2016) 1925 – Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer and political activist 1926 – Don Carter, bowler 1927 - Harry Mulisch, Dutch writer (d. 2010) 1929 – Julio Botelho, Brazilian footballer (d. 2003) 1930 – Paul Taylor, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2018) 1932 – Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker, U.S. Senator 1933 - Lou Albano, American professional wrestling manager (d. 2009) 1933 - Robert Fuller, American actor 1934 - Albert Speer Jr., German architect and urban planner (d. 2017) 1935 – Peter Schreier, German tenor 1936 – Elizabeth Dole, former United States Senator 1937 – Daniel McFadden, American economist 1937 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, former Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2006) 1938 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American television news anchor (d. 2005) 1938 - Klaus Töpfer, German politician 1940 - Ole Lund Kirkegaard, Danish children's book author (d. 1979) 1941 – David Warner, actor 1942 - Fitzhugh Mullan, American physician and medical writer (d. 2019) 1942 – Tony Sirico, American actor 1943 – David Taylor, English snooker player 1945 – Mircea Lucescu, Romanian football manager 1945 - Sharon Creech, American author 1946 - Neal Doughty, American musician 1947 - Bill Forsyth, Scottish movie director 1949 – Vida Blue, American Major League Baseball player 1949 – Jamil Mahuad, former President of Ecuador 1949 – Marilyn Quayle, wife of former US Vice President Dan Quayle 1949 - Sergio Martini, Italian mountaineer 1950 - Jenny Holzer, American conceptual artist 1951 1975 1951 – Susan Blackmore, British writer, lecturer and psychologist 1951 - Jack Blessing, American actor (d. 2017) 1951 - Dean Pitchford, American songwriter, movie maker and journalist 1952 - Norman Blackwell, Baron Blackwell, English businessman and politician 1953 – Ken Burns, American television producer and director 1953 – Geddy Lee, musician (Rush) 1953 - Patti Scialfa, rock singer 1953 - Tim Gunn, American television presenter 1955 - Stephen Timms, English politician 1955 - Eusèbe Jaojoby, Malagasy composer and singer 1956 - Ronnie Musgrove, 62nd Governor of Mississippi 1957 - Liam Davison, Australian novelist (d. 2014) 1957 – Nellie Kim, Soviet-Russian gymnast 1957 - Viktor Gavrikov, Lithuanian-Swiss chess player 1957 - Ulrich Tukur, German actor and musician 1958 - Piero Marazzo, Italian journalist and politician 1959 – Ruud Janssen, teacher, writer, and artist 1959 – Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor 1963 – Graham Poll, English football referee 1965 – Chang-Rae Lee, writer 1966 – Martina McBride, American country singer 1966 – Sally Gunnell, British athlete 1966 - Richard Steven Horvitz, American voice actor 1967 – Matthew C. Henderson, American actor and baseball player 1968 - Paavo Lötjönen, Finnish cellist 1969 - Joel Fan, American pianist 1971 - Lisa Ekdahl, Swedish singer 1972 – Wil Wheaton, American actor 1973 – Stephen Dorff, American actor 1974 - Josh Radnor, American actor 1974 – Steve-O, American musician and actor From 1976 1977 – Danger Mouse, American DJ 1979 – Abs Breen, singer 1980 - Rachel Miner, American actress 1980 – Fernando González, Chilean tennis player 1981 - Troy Perkins, American soccer player 1981 – Fernando Alonso, Spanish race car driver 1982 - Allison Mack, American actress 1982 - Prince Azim of Brunei 1983 - Alexei Kaigorodov, Russian ice hockey player 1984 - Oh Beom-Seok, South Korean footballer 1984 – Hanna Bessenova, Ukrainian gymnast 1984 – Wilson Palacios, Honduran footballer 1984 - Viktoria Tolstoy, Swedish jazz singer 1988 - Alexander Lee Eusebio, Hong Kong-South Korean singer 1988 - Sabrina van der Donk, Dutch model 1990 - Shin Se-kyung, South Korean actress 1990 - Valentina Golubenko, Russian-Croatian chess player 1990 - Matt Prokop, American actor 1990 - Joey Essex, English television personality 1993 - Dak Prescott, American football player 1998 - Anna Murashige, Japanese singer Deaths Up to 1900 238 – Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman emperors (assassinated) 1030 – King Olaf II of Norway (b. 995) 1099 – Pope Urban II (b. 1042) 1095 - King Ladislaus I of Hungary (b. 1040) 1108 – King Philip I of France (b. 1081) 1507 – Martin Behaim, navigator and geographer (b. 1459) 1573 - John Caius, English physician (b. 1510) 1644 – Pope Urban VIII (b. 1568) 1694 - Sufi, Shah of Persia (b. 1647) 1781 - Johann Kies, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1713) 1833 – William Wilberforce, campaigner against slavery (b. 1759) 1844 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (b. 1791) 1856 – Robert Schumann, German composer (b. 1810) 1857 - Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French zoologist and ornithologist (b. 1803) 1887 - Agostino Depretis, 9th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1813) 1890 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (b. 1853) 1895 - Floriano Peixoto, 2nd President of Brazil (b. 1839) 1900 – King Umberto I of Italy (b. 1844) 1901 2000 1913 - Tobias Asser, Dutch writer (b. 1838) 1918 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (b. 1863) 1924 - Sotirios Krokidas, Greek law professor and acting Prime Minister (b. 1852) 1934 - Didier Pitre, French-Canadian ice hockey (b. 1883) 1938 - Nikolai Krylenko, Russian lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885) 1951 - Ali Sami Yen, Turkish sports official (b. 1886) 1954 – Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (b. 1879) 1956 - Ludwig Klages, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1872) 1960 - Robert P. Bass, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1873) 1966 - Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Nigerian military leader (b. 1924) 1970 – John Barbirolli, conductor (b. 1899) 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897) 1973 - Roger Williamson, racing driver (b. 1948) 1974 – Mama Cass Elliot, American musician (b. 1941) 1974 – Erich Kästner, German writer (b. 1899) 1979 – Bill Todman, American game show producer (b. 1916) 1981 – Robert Moses, New York public works official (b. 1888) 1982 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (b. 1889) 1983 – David Niven, British actor (b. 1910) 1983 – Raymond Massey, Canadian actor (b. 1896) 1983 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish director (b. 1900) 1984 – Fred Waring, band leader, inventor (b. 1900) 1990 – Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911) 1992 - Michel Larocque, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1952) 1994 - Dorothy Hodgkin, British chemist (b. 1910) 1995 - Severino Varela, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1913) From 2001 2001 – Edward Gierek, Polish politician (b. 1913) 2001 – Wau Holland, German hacker (b. 1951) 2003 – Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean rebel leader (b. 1937) 2004 – Rena Vlahopoulou, Greek comedienne and actress (b. 1923) 2007 – Mike Reid, British actor (b. 1940) 2007 - Michel Serrault, French actor (b. 1928) 2007 - Tom Snyder, American television personality (b. 1936) 2010 – Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist and biochemist (b. 1900) 2013 - Christian Benítez, Ecuadorean footballer (b. 1986) 2014 - M. Caldwell Butler, American politician (b. 1925) 2014 - Giorgio Gaslini, Italian jazz pianist and composer (b. 1929) 2014 - Jon R. Cavaiani, American soldier (b. 1943) 2014 - Idris Muhammad, American jazz musician (b. 1939) 2014 - Péter Kiss, Hungarian politician (b. 1959) 2014 - María Antonia Iglesias, Spanish writer (b. 1945) 2015 - Peter O'Sullevan, Irish-British horse racing commentator (b. 1918) 2016 - Lucille Dumont, Canadian singer and television host (b. 1919) 2017 - Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov, Soviet-Russian scientist and politician (b. 1930) 2017 - Redha Malek, Algerian politician, Prime Minister of Algeria (b. 1931) 2017 - Charley Marouani, Tunisian impresario and celebrity agent (b. 1926) 2017 - Olivier Strebelle, Belgian sculptor (b. 1927) 2017 - Stephen T. Worland, American economist (b. 1923) 2018 - Hans Kristian Amundsen, Norwegian politician and newspaper editor (b. 1959) 2018 - Brickhouse Brown, American professional wrestler (b. 1960) 2018 - Brian Christopher, American professional wrestler (b. 1972) 2018 - Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935) 2018 - Abbas Duzduzani, Iranian politician (b. 1942) 2018 - Vibeke Skofterud, Norwegian cross-country skier (b. 1980) 2018 - Nikolai Volkoff, Croatian-American professional wrestler (b. 1947) 2019 - Egil Danielsen, Norwegian javelin thrower (b. 1933) 2019 - Enrique Lafourcade, Chilean writer, critic and journalist (b. 1927) 2019 - Mona-Liisa Nousiainen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1983) 2019 - Tuvya Ruebner, Israeli poet and translator (b. 1924) Observances Olavsoka, feast day of Olaf II of Norway - Faroe Islands International Tiger Day National Anthem Day (Romania) National Thai language Day (Thailand) Days of the year

10052

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%2023

July 23

Events Up to 1900 811 Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian city of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasure. 1148 Crusades: A Crusader army starts a Siege of Damascus, lasting until July 28. 1793 The Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France. 1632 300 colonists leave for New France from Dieppe, France. 1677 Scanian War: Denmark-Norway captures the harbour town of Marstrand from Sweden 1783 Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France. 1829 In the US William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor of the typewriter. 1840 The Province of Canada is created in an Act of Union. 1862 American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union army. 1871 Austria-Hungary decides to use the metric system. The change becomes effective on January 1, 1876. 1881 Chile and Argentina agree on their territories in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. 1901 2000 1903 The Ford Motor Company sells its first car. 1914 World War I: Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia does not meet Austria-Hungary's terms and war is declared on July 28. 1921 The Communist Party of China (CPC) launched the first time of Chinese National Congress, Communist party in China are established. 1927 The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay. 1929 The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words. 1930 A magnitude 6.7 earthquake in Italy kills 1,425 people. 1936 The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of the Socialist and Communist Parties. 1940 United States Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration that the United States will not recognize the Soviet Union's annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. 1942 Holocaust: Treblinka Extermination Camp is opened. 1942 World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin. 1942 World War II: Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by a firing squad. 1943 World War II: British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean Sea after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland. 1952 King Farouk I of Egypt is removed in a coup and a Republic is declared. 1961 The Sandinista Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua. 1962 Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted Transatlantic TV programme, featuring Walter Cronkite. 1967 A riot in Detroit leaves 43 people dead and 342 injured. 1968 The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, en route from Lod, Israel. 1970 Sultan Qaboos of Oman removes his father, Sultan Sa'id ibn Taimur, in a bloodless coup. 1972 The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite. 1974 Constantine Karamanlis is invited to form the government of Greece after the fall of the military junta. 1976 Mario Soares is elected Prime Minister of Portugal. 1982 The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985 or 1986. 1983 The Sri Lankan Civil War begins. 1985 The Amiga computer is presented for the first time, in New York City. Celebrities such as Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry are present at the event. 1986 Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson. Their marriage later ends in divorce. 1988 General Ne Win, effective military ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests. 1992 Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia. 1995 Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered. 1999 Mohammed VI becomes King of Morocco. 1999 ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa. From 2001 2001 As a result of a finance scandal, President of Indonesia Abdurrahman Wahid is forced out of office. Megawati Sukarnoputri succeeds him. 2004 The Stari Most (Old Bridge) in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is re-opened. It had been destroyed during the Balkan War. 2005 Three bombs explode at Sharm-el-Sheikh in Egypt, killing 88 people. 2011 A train crash on the high-speed rail line between Beijing and Shanghai kills 40 people. 2011 British singer Amy Winehouse is found dead in her London home. 2012 A major solar storm begins, which narrowly misses Earth. 2014 The 2014 Commonwealth Games, taking place in Glasgow, Scotland, begin. 2015 NASA announces the discovery of the planet Kepler 452b by the Kepler probe. It is believed to be the most Earth-like planet to have been discovered. 2016 A bomb attack on a protest in Kabul, Afghanistan, kills 80 people. 2018 A dam in southern Laos breaks, killing at least 26 people and leaving over 130 missing. 2018 Massive wildfires break out in the Attica region of Greece, killing at least 85 people. 2019 Boris Johnson becomes leader of the British Conservative Party, having defeated Jeremy Hunt in the leadership election; he becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom the next day. 2021 2020 Summer Olympics open in Tokyo. Births Up to 1900 645 Yazid I, Arabian Caliph (d. 683) 1301 Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339) 1339 King Louis I of Naples (d. 1384) 1401 Francesco I Sforza, Italian ruler (d. 1466) 1503 Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547) 1649 Pope Clement XI (d. 1721) 1746 Bernardo de Galvez y Madrid, Spanish general and politician (d. 1786) 1773 Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860) 1777 Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810) 1796 Franz Berwald, Swedish composer (d. 1868) 1804 Jane Irwin Harrison, acting First Lady of the United States (d. 1845) 1820 Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889) 1823 Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop (d. 1894) 1824 Kuno Fischer, German philosopher (d. 1907) 1838 Edouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910) 1851 Peder Severin Kroyer, Danish painter (d. 1909) 1856 Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian nationalist (d. 1920) 1864 Apolinario Mabini, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 1903) 1865 Max Heindel, Dutch occultist and mystic (d. 1919) 1865 Henry Norris, English businessman, politician and football club director (d. 1934) 1866 Francesca Cilea, Italian composer (d. 1950) 1871 Tsunesaburō Makiguchi (Japanese old Lunar calendar 6 June was an incorrect date using in Gregorian calendar), Winston Lim Zhi Hao "13 Bro" former lifetime, reformed educator and philosopher, Lotus Sutra Buddhism and Soka Gakkai International (SGI) founder (d. 1944) 1872 Edward Adrian Wilson, English Antarctic explorer (d. 1912) 1878 James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (d. 1946) 1884 Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (d. 1950) 1885 Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman (d. 1935) 1886 Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish diplomat and writer (d. 1978) 1886 Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976) 1888 Raymond Chandler, American novelist (d. 1959) 1892 Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (d. 1975) 1894 Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and singer (d. 1975) 1895 Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989) 1898 Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1941) 1898 Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1987) 1899 Gustav Heinemann, President of Germany (d. 1976) 1900 John Babcock, Canadian World War I veteran (d. 2010) 1901 1950 1905 Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2013) 1906 Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist (d. 1998) 1906 Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (d. 1931) 1909 John William Finn, American naval officer (d. 2010) 1912 M. H. Abrams, American literary critic (d. 2015) 1913 Michael Foot, British politician (d. 2010) 1913 Coral Browne, Australian-American actress (d. 1991) 1918 Ruth Duccini, American actress (d. 2014) 1918 Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1999) 1919 Héctor German Oesterhell, Argentine screenwriter (d. 1977) 1920 Amalia Rodrigues, Portuguese singer (d. 1999) 1921 Robert Brown, English actor (d. 2003) 1922 Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1923 Luis Aloma, Cuban-American baseball player (d. 1997) 1923 Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist and academic (d. 2018) 1923 Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001) 1925 Tajuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi politician (d. 1975) 1925 Alain Decaux, French historian and author (d. 2016) 1925 Gloria DeHaven, American actress and singer (d. 2016) 1925 Quett Masire, 2nd President of Botswana (d. 2017) 1926 Cedella Booker, mother of Bob Marley (d. 2008) 1926 Ludvik Vaculik, Czech writer and journalist (d. 2015) 1927 Al McCandless, American politician (d. 2017) 1928 Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor 1928 Vera Rubin, American astronomer (d. 2016) 1929 Danny Barcelona, American drummer (d. 2007) 1931 Queen Te Atairangikaahu of the New Zealand Maori (d. 2006) 1931 Guy Fournier, French Canadian writer and screenwriter 1931 Claude Fournier, French Canadian director and screenwriter 1932 Jorge Arvizu, Mexican voice actor (d. 2014) 1933 Bert Convy, American actor, singer and game show host (d. 1991) 1933 Richard Rogers, Italian-English architect 1934 Steve Lacy, American jazz musician (d. 2004) 1936 Anthony Kennedy, American lawyer and jurist 1936 Don Drysdale, American baseball player (d. 1993) 1938 Ronny Cox, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor 1938 Mickey Curtis, Japanese actor, singer and television personality 1938 Götz George, German actor (d. 2016) 1938 Juliet Anderson, American pornographic actress (d. 2010) 1940 Don Imus, American talk show host 1940 Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian banker and economist (d. 2010) 1941 Richie Evans, American racing driver (d. 1985) 1941 Sergio Mattarella, Italian lawyer, judge and politician, 12th President of Italy 1942 Myra Hindley, English murderer (d. 2002) 1944 Maria Joao Pires, Portuguese pianist 1946 Rene Ricard, American poet, art critic and painter (d. 2014) 1947 David Essex, English singer 1948 John Hall, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and musician (Orleans) 1950 Len McCluskey, English trade union leader 1951 1975 1951 Edie McClurg, American actress and voice actress 1953 Claude Barzotti, Belgian-Italian singer 1953 Najib Razak, 6th Prime minister of Malaysia 1953 Graham Gooch, English cricketer 1957 Theo van Gogh, Dutch movie director (d. 2004) 1957 Jo Brand, English comedienne, actress and presenter 1958 Frank Mill, German footballer 1961 Woody Harrelson, American actor 1961 Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (Depeche Mode) 1962 Eriq LaSalle, American actor, director and producer 1962 Hiroshi Mikami, Japanese actor 1963 Phil Boswell, Scottish politician 1964 Uwe Barth, German politician 1964 Nick Menza, German-American drummer (d. 2016) 1965 Grace Mugabe, former First Lady of Zimbabwe 1965 Slash, English-American musician (Guns N'Roses) 1967 Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor (d. 2014) 1967 Titiyo, Swedish singer-songwriter 1968 Elden Campbell, American basketball player 1968 Gary Payton, American basketball player and actor 1968 Stephanie Seymour, American actress and model 1969 Marco Bode, German footballer 1969 Andrew Cassels, Canadian ice hockey player 1969 David Kaufman, American voice-over artist and actor 1970 Charisma Carpenter, American actress 1971 Alison Krauss, American singer, violinist and fiddler 1972 Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1973 Francis Healy, British singer-songwriter and guitarist 1973 Monica Lewinsky, American White House intern 1973 Himesh Reshammiya, Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor and director 1974 Stephanie March, American actress 1975 Alessio Tacchinardi, Italian footballer 1975 Suriya, Indian actor and producer From 1976 1976 Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player 1977 Kalup Linzy, American video and performance artist 1977 Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player 1978 Gail Emms, British badminton player 1978 Lauren Groff, American novelist and short story writer 1979 Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer 1980 Michelle Williams, American singer (Destiny's Child) 1981 Steve Jocz, Canadian musician (Sum 41) 1981 Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player 1981 Natasha Yarovenko, Ukrainian actress and model 1983 Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer 1984 Walter Gargano, Uruguayan footballer 1984 Brandon Roy, American basketball player 1984 Arnór Atlason, Icelandic handball player 1985 Blake Harrison, English actor 1985 Anna Maria Mühe, German actress 1986 Ayaka Komatsu, Japanese model and actress 1986 Yelena Sokolova, Russian long jumper 1989 Daniel Radcliffe, British actor 1990 Ryan Castro, American actor 1990 Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater 1990 Young JV, Filipino actor, singer, dancer and host 1991 Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast 1992 Danny Ings, English footballer 1996 Rachel G. Fox, American actress and singer 1996 Danielle Bradbery, American singer Deaths Up to 1900 1227 Qiu Chuji, Chinese religious leader (b. 1148) 1373 Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (b. 1303) 1645 Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596) 1692 Gilles Ménage, French scholar (b. 1613) 1727 Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1661) 1757 Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1685) 1773 George Edwards, English naturalist (b. 1693) 1781 John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor and politician (b. 1724) 1793 Roger Sherman, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1721) 1853 Andries Pretorius, Boer leader (b. 1798) 1875 Isaac Singer, American inventor (b. 1811) 1878 Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist and politician (b. 1804) 1885 Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822) 1901 2000 1901 Kliment Turnovski, Bulgarian religious leader, writer and politician (b. 1838) 1916 Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852) 1919 Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian, professor and Prime Minister (b. 1851) 1920 Conrad Kohrs, German-born rancher (b. 1835) 1923 Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878) 1924 Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (b. 1850) 1926 Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848) 1930 Glenn Curtiss, American pilot and engineer (b. 1878) 1932 Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (b. 1884) 1932 Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian inventor (b. 1873) 1941 George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (b. 1860) 1941 José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (b. 1914) 1942 Adam Czerniakow, Polish engineer (suicide) (b. 1880) 1942 Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886) 1942 Nikola Vaptsarov, Bulgarian poet and Communist leader (b. 1909) 1948 D. W. Griffith, American movie director (b. 1875) 1951 Henri Philippe Pétain, leader of Vichy France (b. 1856) 1951 Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (b. 1884) 1952 Carl Severing, German politician (b. 1875) 1954 Hermann Groman, American runner (b. 1882) 1955 Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State (b. 1871) 1966 Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920) 1967 Ahmet Kutsi Tecer, Turkish poet and politician (b. 1901) 1968 Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist, won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1875) 1971 Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910) 1973 Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot (b. 1890) 1980 Sarto Fournier, 38th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908) 1980 Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1948) 1980 Mollie Steimer, Russian exilee and political activist (b. 1897) 1982 Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929) 1983 Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899) 1989 Donald Barthelme, American writer (b. 1931) 1996 Jean Muir, American actress and singer (b. 1911) 1997 Chuhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (b. 1904) 1999 King Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929) From 2001 2001 Eudora Welty, American writer (b. 1909) 2002 Leo McKern, Australian actor (b. 1920) 2002 Dr. William L. Pierce, American writer and activist (b. 1933) 2002 Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929) 2003 James E. Davis, New York City councilman (murdered) (b. 1962) 2004 Carlos Paredes, Portuguese musician and composer (b. 1925) 2004 Mehmood, Indian actor (b. 1932) 2007 Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (b. 1914) 2007 Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist (b. 1918) 2008 Kurt Furgler, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1924) 2010 Daniel Schorr, American journalist (b. 1916) 2011 Nguyen Cao Ky, South Vietnamese air force chief and Prime Minister (b. 1930) 2011 Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (b. 1983) 2011 John Shalikashvili, American Chief of Staff (b. 1936) 2011 Robert Ettinger, American academic and pioneer of Cryonics (b. 1918) 2012 Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut, first American woman in space (b. 1951) 2013 Emile Griffith, American boxer (b. 1938) 2013 Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929) 2013 Jokichi Igarashi, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1902) 2013 Rona Anderson, Scottish actress (b. 1926) 2014 Dora Bryan, English actress (b. 1923) 2014 Saado Ali Warsame, Somali politician and folk singer (b. 1950) 2014 Norman Leyden, American conductor, composer and musician (b. 1917) 2014 Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian writer (b. 1927) 2015 José Sazatornil, Spanish actor (b. 1925) 2015 William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (b. 1926) 2016 Thorbjorn Falldin, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1926) 2016 Carl Falck, Norwegian businessman and centenarian (b. 1907) 2016 S. H. Raza, Indian artist (b. 1922) 2017 Bob DeMoss, American football player and coach (b. 1927) 2017 Thomas Fleming, American novelist (b. 1927) 2017 John Kundla, American basketball coach (b. 1916) 2017 Lau Wong-fat, Hong Kong businessman and politician (b. 1936) 2017 Waldir Peres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1951) 2017 Mervyn Rose, American tennis player (b. 1930) 2017 Flo Steinberg, American comic book publisher and secretary (b. 1939) 2017 Snooty, American manatee (b. 1948) 2018 Maryon Pittman Allen, American journalist and politician (b. 1925) 2018 Harry Gulkin, Canadian film director (b. 1927) 2018 Elbert Howard, American political activist (b. 1938) 2018 Roh Hoe-chan, South Korean politician (b. 1956) 2018 Khalid Salleh, Malaysian actor (b. 1948) 2018 Oksana Shachko, Ukrainian artist and human rights activist (b. 1987) 2019 Maxim Dadashev, Russian boxer (b. 1990) 2019 Barney Smith, American plumber, artist and museum curator (b. 1921) 2019 Ferdinand von Bismarck, German businessman and lawyer (b. 1930) 2019 Lois Wille, American journalist (b. 1931) Observances Birthday of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (Ras-Tafari Movement) Revolution Day (Egypt) Children's Day (Indonesia) National Hot Dog Day (United States) Renaissance Day (Oman) National Remembrance Day (Papua New Guinea) References Days of the year

10053

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2010

September 10

Events Up to 1900 1419 John of Burgundy is assassinated by friends of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France. 1509 A strong earthquake hits Constantinople, referred to by people at the time as the "Lesser Judgement Day". 1515 Thomas Wolsey becomes a cardinal. 1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh: Last major battle engagement between England and Scotland, which ends in victory for the forces of Edward VI of England. 1608 John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia. 1776 American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy. 1798 At the Battle of St. George, British Honduras defeats Spain. 1813 The U.S. defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. 1823 Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru. 1846 Elias Howe gets a patent for the sewing machine. 1858 George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora. 1897 In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse kills more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, United States. 1898 Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni, at Lake Geneva, Switzerland. 1901 2000 1913 The first paved coast-to-coast U.S. highway opens. 1918 Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures the city of Kazan. 1919 Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. 1927 France had its first Davis Cup win, though it had competed since 1905. 1932 The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned "IND", is opened. 1933 Ramon Grau San Martin becomes leader of Cuba. 1936 The first World Individual Motorcycle Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium 1939 The submarine HMS Oxley is sunk by mistake by the submarine HMS Triton off the coast of Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss in World War II. 1939 World War II: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany. 1942 World War II: The Allies carry out an amphibious landing at Majunga, north-west Madagascar, to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign. 1943 Tottori, Japan is struck by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, killing 1,190 people. 1943 World War II: German forces began their occupation of Rome during World War II. 1944 World War II: American troops liberate Luxembourg. 1945 In Norway, Vidkun Quisling is sentenced to death for collaboration with Nazi Germany. 1951 The United Kingdom began an economic boycott of Iran. 1960 Mickey Mantle hits what is thought to be the Major League baseball's longest home run, sending the ball an estimated 643 feet. 1960 At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Ethiopian Abebe Bikila becomes the first person from SubSaharan Africa to win an Olympic gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet. 1961 Italian Grand Prix: German racing driver Wolfgang von Trips is killed in a crash. Being crushed under his Ferrari, 13 spectators are also killed. 1963 20 African-American students enter public schools in the U.S. state of Alabama. 1967 The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain. 1972 The United States loses its first international basketball game in a disputed match versus the Soviet Union at Munich, Germany. 1974 Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal. 1976 A British Airways Trident and an Inex-Adria DC-9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 176. 1977 Last execution by Guillotine takes place in France. Hamida Djandoubi, convicted for torture and murder, is executed at Baumettes Prison in Marseille. 1988 Steffi Graf wins the Singles Title at the US Open Tennis, managing to win all four Grand Slams in one year. She later wins the Olympic Gold in the same year in order to achieve a historic "Golden Slam". 1989 A Bulgarian tug boat collides with Romanian passenger ship Mogasoaia on the Danube, near Galati, Romania, killing 207 people. 1990 The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa and perhaps the world – is consecrated by Pope John Paul II. From 2001 2001 Charles Ingram cheats his way to winning a million pounds on the British quiz programme Who Wants to be a Millionaire. 2001 Kjell Magne Bondevik is elected Prime Minister of Norway. 2002 Switzerland, known for its neutrality, finally joins the United Nations. 2002 The U.S. Homeland Security Advisory System is set to Orange, or High Condition, for the first time. 2003 Anna Lindh, the foreign minister of Sweden, is stabbed fatally while shopping, and dies of her wounds on September 11. 2006 Michael Schumacher announces his first retirement from Formula One. On the same day, in Hungary, Jenson Button wins a Grand Prix for the first time. 2006 King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga dies, aged 88. His son, George Tupou V, takes over, and reigns until his own death in 2012. 2007 Nawaz Sharif returns to Pakistan after over seven years in exile. 2008 The Large Hadron Collider at CERN on the French-Swiss border is switched on for the first time. 2011 Tanzanian ferry MV Spice Islander sinks off Zanzibar, killing 1,573 people. 2013 German Thomas Bach is chosen to succeed Jacques Rogge as President of the International Olympic Committee. 2014 The first Invictus Games, for injured military servicemen, take place in London. 2015 Scientists announce the discovery, in South Africa, of Homo naledi, a species of early human. Births Up to 1900 920 King Louis IV of France (d. 954) 1169 Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183) 1487 Pope Julius III (d. 1555) 1561 Hernando Arias de Saavedra, Paraguayan-Argentine soldier and politician (d. 1634) 1624 Thomas Sydenham, English physician (d. 1689) 1638 Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1683) 1659 Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695) 1753 John Sloane, English architect (d. 1837) 1786 Nicolas Bravo, 11th President of Mexico (d. 1854) 1788 Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur de Perthes, French archaeologist (d. 1868) 1801 Marie Laveau, American voodoo practitioner (d. 1881) 1809 Thomas Campbell Eyton, English naturalist (d. 1880) 1817 Richard Spruce, English botanist (d. 1893) 1821 William Jervois, 10th Governor of South Australia (d. 1897) 1836 Joseph Wheeler, American Confederate general and politician (d. 1906) 1839 Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher, mathematician and scientist (d. 1914) 1844 Abel Hoadley, English-Australian candy maker (d. 1918) 1852 Alice Brown Davis, American chief of the Seminole tribe in Oklahoma (d. 1935) 1857 James Edward Keeler, American astrophysicist (d. 1900) 1861 Niels Hansen Jacobsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1941) 1866 Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish writer (d. 1930) 1871 Charles Collett, English engineer (d. 1952) 1872 Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer (d. 1933) 1872 Vladimir Arsenyev, Russian explorer (d. 1930) 1885 Johannes de Jong, Dutch cardinal (d. 1955) 1886 H.D., American writer (d. 1961) 1887 Giovanni Gronchi, 3rd President of Italy (d. 1978) 1887 Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (d. 1961) 1890 Bob Heffron, 30th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1978) 1890 Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturier (d. 1973) 1890 Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (d. 1945) 1891 Carl Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss diplomat, essayist and historian (d. 1974) 1892 Arthur Compton, American physicist (d. 1962) 1893 Maria de Jesus, Portuguese supercentenarian (d. 2009) 1894 Alexander Dovzhenko, Soviet-Ukrainian screenwriter, producer and director (d. 1956) 1895 Viswanathan Satyanarayana, Indian poet (d. 1976) 1896 Robert Tascheraeu, Canadian judge and politician (d. 1970) 1896 Ye Ting, Chinese military leader (d. 1946) 1896 Adele Astaire, American dancer (d. 1981) 1897 Georges Bataille, French philosopher and writer (d. 1962) 1898 Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986) 1901 1950 1904 Max Shachtman, American theorist and politician (d. 1972) 1904 Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (d. 1990) 1906 Karl Wien, German mountaineer (d. 1937) 1908 Angus Bethune, Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 2004) 1910 Franz Hengsbach, German cardinal (d. 1991) 1911 Renée Simonot, French actress 1911 Nelly Omar, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2013) 1912 Basappa Danappa Jatti, Indian politician (d. 2002) 1914 Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine, Irish politician (d. 1990) 1914 Robert Wise, American director and producer (d. 2005) 1918 Rin Tin Tin, German shepherd dog (d. 1932) 1920 C. R. Rao, Indian-American mathematician and statistician 1921 Alfred Bengsch, German cardinal (d. 1979) 1922 Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer (d. 2008) 1923 Shmuel Eisenstadt, Israeli sociologist (d. 2010) 1924 Boyd K. Packer, American educator and religious leader (d. 2015) 1925 Roy Brown, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981) 1925 Hubert Hammerer, Austrian Olympic shooter 1926 Ladislav Adamec, Czechoslovakian politician (d. 2007) 1926 Beryl Cook, British painter (d. 2008) 1927 Gerhard Jahn, German politician (d. 1998) 1928 Jean Vanier, Canadian theologian and philosopher 1928 Otto F. Kernberg, Austrian psychoanalyst 1929 Arnold Palmer, American golfer (d. 2016) 1931 Philip Baker Hall, American actor 1932 Félix Malloum, President of Chad (d. 2009) 1933 Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer 1933 Yevgeny Khrunov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000) 1934 Roger Maris, American baseball player (d. 1985) 1934 Jim Oberstar, American politician (d. 2014) 1935 Giacomo Losi, Italian footballer 1936 Peter Lovesey, English crime fiction writer 1937 Jared Diamond, American evolutionary biologist 1939 Cynthia Lennon, English ex-wife of John Lennon (d. 2015) 1939 Hans Sotin, German opera singer 1940 Roy Ayers, American jazz musician 1941 Stephen Jay Gould, American palaeontologist (d. 2002) 1941 Christopher Hogwood, English conductor (d. 2014) 1941 Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese video game designer (d. 1997) 1945 José Feliciano, Puerto Rican musician, singer and composer 1946 Michèle Alliot-Marie, French politician 1946 Don Powell, English drummer (Slade) 1946 Shlomo Sand, Israeli historian 1948 Margaret Trudeau, Canadian actress, writer and biographer 1948 Bob Lanier, American basketball player 1948 Brian Donohoe, Scottish politician 1948 Zhang Chengzhi, Chinese author 1948 Ted Poe, American politician 1950 Joe Perry, American singer-songwriter 1951 1975 1951 Eliseo Alberto, Cuban writer (d. 2011) 1952 Bruno Giacomelli, Italian racing driver 1952 Medea Benjamin, American activist 1952 Patrick McGorry, Australian psychiatrist 1953 Amy Irving, American actress, movie producer and singer 1953 John Thurso, Scottish politician 1954 Jackie Ashley, English journalist 1954 Lorely Burt, English politician 1954 Clark Johnson, American actor, director and movie producer 1956 Johnnie Fingers, Irish musician, songwriter and producer 1957 Carol Decker, English singer-songwriter 1958 Chris Columbus, American movie director, producer and screenwriter 1958 Siobhan Fahey, Irish singer-songwriter and producer 1960 Colin Firth, English actor 1960 Margaret Ferrier, Scottish politician 1963 Randy Johnson, American baseball pitcher, five-time Cy Young Award winner 1964 John E. Sununu, American politician 1964 Edmund de Waal, English artist 1966 Joe Nieuwendyk, Canadian ice hockey player 1968 Andreas Herzog, Austrian footballer 1968 Guy Ritchie, British director, screenwriter and producer 1968 Big Daddy Kane, American rapper and producer 1968 Juan Maldacena, Argentine-American physicist 1969 David Trueba, Spanish writer, journalist, screenwriter, actor and director 1970 Ménélik, French rapper 1972 Ghada Shouaa, Syrian athlete 1973 Deniz Yücel, German journalist 1974 Ryan Philippe, American actor 1975 Viktor Kassai, Hungarian footballer and referee From 1976 1976 Gustavo Kuerten, Brazilian tennis player 1976 Vassilis Lakis, Greek footballer 1978 Julia Goldsworthy, English politician 1980 Mikey Way, musician, bassist for My Chemical Romance 1982 Stephen McManus, Scottish footballer 1983 Fernando Belluschi, Argentine footballer 1983 Jérémy Toulalan, French footballer 1985 David Clarkson, Scottish footballer 1985 Aya Kamiki, Japanese musical artist 1985 Laurent Koscielny, French footballer 1986 Hiroki Uchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and actor 1986 Eoin Morgan, Irish cricketer 1987 Nana Tanimura, Japanese singer-songwriter 1987 Paul Goldschmidt, American baseball player 1988 Jordan Staal, Canadian ice hockey player 1988 Jared Lee Loughner, American murderer 1990 Chandler Massey, American actor 1993 Ruggero Pasquarelli, Italian actor and singer 1997 Brooke Henderson, Canadian golfer Deaths Up to 1900 210 BC Qin Shi Huang, Chinese Emperor (b. 259 BC) 918 Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (b. 865) 954 King Louis IV of France (b. 920) 1167 Empress Matilda of England (b. 1102) 1197 Henry II, Count of Champagne (b. 1166) 1306 Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian saint and mystic (b. 1245) 1308 Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (b. 1285) 1382 Louis I of Hungary (b. 1326) 1419 John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1371) 1482 Federico da Montefeltro, Italian warlord (b. 1422) 1591 Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542) 1669 Henrietta Maria of France (b. 1609) 1797 Mary Wollstonecraft, British female philosopher (b. 1759) 1815 John Singleton Copley, American artist (b. 1738) 1827 Ugo Foscolo, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1778) 1842 William Hobson, 1st Governor of New Zealand (b. 1792) 1842 Letitia Christian Tyler, First Lady of the United States (b. 1790) 1889 Charles III, Prince of Monaco (b. 1818) 1898 Empress Elizabeth of Austria (b. 1837) 1901 2000 1915 Charles Boucher de Boucherville, 3rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1822) 1923 Sukumar Ray, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1887) 1931 Dmitri Egorov, Russian mathematician (b. 1869) 1935 Huey Long, American politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (b. 1893) 1937 Sergei Tretyakov, Russian writer (b. 1892) 1938 Charles Cruft, British businessman (b. 1852) 1948 King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (b. 1861) 1952 Youssef Aftimus, Lebanese engineer and architect (b. 1866) 1954 Peter Anders, German tenor (b. 1908) 1961 Leo Carrillo, American actor (b. 1880) 1961 Wolfgang von Trips, German racing driver (b. 1928) 1965 Father Divine, American spiritual leader (b. 1880) 1966 Ernst Julius Gumbel, German mathematician (b. 1891) 1971 Pier Angeli, Italian actress (b. 1932) 1975 George Paget Thomson, English physicist (b. 1892) 1977 Hamida Djandoubi, last person to be executed by guillotine in France (b. 1949) 1979 Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (b. 1922) 1983 Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist (b. 1905) 1983 John Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1915) 1983 Jon Brower Minnoch, heaviest-recorded person (b. 1941) 1983 Norah Lofts, English novelist (b. 1904) 1985 Jock Stein, Scottish football manager (b. 1922) 1991 Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (b. 1908) 1994 Max Morlock, German footballer (b. 1925) 1995 Charles Denner, French actor (b. 1926) 1996 Joanne Dru, American actress (b. 1923) 1996 Hans List, Austrian scientist and inventor (b. 1896) From 2001 2004 Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (b. 1928) 2005 Hermann Bondi, Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (b. 1919) 2006 Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (b. 1918) 2007 Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (b. 1942) 2007 Jane Wyman, American actress (b. 1917) 2011 Cliff Robertson, American actor (b. 1923) 2012 Vondell Darr, American actress (b. 1919) 2012 Lance LeGault, American actor (b. 1935) 2014 Richard Kiel, American actor (b. 1939) 2014 Emilio Botin, Spanish businessman (b. 1934) 2015 Dickie Moore, American actor (b. 1925) 2015 Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer (b. 1928) 2015 Norman Farberow, American psychologist (b. 1918) 2015 Franco Interlenghi, Italian actor (b. 1931) 2015 James E. Proctor, Jr., American politician (b. 1936) 2015 Antoine Lahad, Lebanese military officer (b. 1927) 2016 Jutta Limbach, German jurist (b. 1934) 2017 Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, writer and comedian (b. 1931) 2017 Xavier Atencio, American animator, lyricist and engineer (b. 1919) 2017 Nancy Dupree, American historian (b. 1927) 2017 René Laurentin, French theologian (b. 1917) 2017 Don Ohlmeyer, American entertainment executive (b. 1945) 2017 B. V. Radha, Indian actress (b. 1948) 2017 Len Wein, American comic book writer (b. 1948) Observances National Day (Gibraltar) Teacher's Day (People's Republic of China and Hong Kong) International Suicide Prevention Day Children's Day (Honduras) Days of the year

10054

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2030

September 30

Events Up to 1950 489 Battle of Verona: The Ostrogoths under King Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time in Verona, present-day Northern Italy. 1061 Pope Alexander II is elected. 1399 Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1512 A rock avalanche buries most of the town of Biasca in Ticino, in the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland. Hundreds of people are killed. 1744 France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo. 1791 First performance of The Magic Flute: This is the last opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to have its premiere. 1791 The National Constituent Assembly in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail Maximilien Robespierre and Jerome Petion as 'incorruptible patriots'. 1813 Battle of Bárbula: Simón Bolívar defeats Santiago Bobadilla. 1860 The UK's first tram service begins in Birkenhead, Merseyside. 1867 The US takes control of the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean. 1882 The world's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. 1885 Bechuanaland, in present-day Botswana, becomes a British Protectorate. 1888 Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes. 1895 Madagascar becomes a French protectorate. 1906 Real Academia Galega, Galician language biggest linguistic authority starts working in Havana. 1907 Opening of the McKinley National Memorial in Canton, Ohio. It is the final resting place of US President William McKinley and his family. 1911 The dam of the Austin Reservoir in Pennsylvania bursts, killing 78 people. 1915 A Serbian army private becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft with ground-to-air fire. 1927 Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a single season. 1935 The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated. 1935 "The Adventures of Dick Tracy" is first heard on the Mutual Radio Network. 1938 The Munich Pact is signed. 1938 The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations". 1939 General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile. 1941 Holocaust: The Nazis complete the Babi Yar massacre in Ukraine, in which thousands of people are killed. 1945 The Bourne End rail crash in Hertfordshire, England, kills 43 people. 1947 The Islamic Republic of Pakistan joined the United Nations. 1947 Baseball: The World Series, featuring New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, is televised for the first time. 1949 The Berlin Airlift ends. 1950 Korean War: South Korean troops cross the 38th Parallel for the first time. 1951 2000 1953 On board the bathyscaphe Trieste, Auguste Piccard and Jacques Piccard travel to a depth 3,150 meters below the surface of the sea, which at that time had been the deepest point anyone had travelled. 1954 The U.S. Navy submarine [[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)|USS Nautilus]] is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel. 1955 James Dean dies in a car crash. 1960 The last episode of The Howdy Doody Show airs on NBC. 1960 The first episode of The Flintstones is shown on television. 1962 Mexican-American labor leader César Chávez founds the United Farm Workers. 1962 James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying segregation. 1962 Last episodes of Suspense and Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar broadcast on CBS Radio, marking the end of The Golden Age of Radio. 1965 Civil unrest follows a failed coup attempt by Indonesia Communist Party (PKI). More than a million people died. 1966 The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana. Seretse Khama takes office as the first President. 1967 BBC Radio 1 is launched; the BBC's other national radio stations also adopt numeric names. Tony Blackburn presents the first show. 1967 Ceylon Broadcasting Corporation is launched in Colombo; the station was formerly known as Radio Ceylon. 1968 The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time. 1970 Jordan makes a deal with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings. 1972 Baseball: Roberto Clemente has the 3,000th hit of his career. 1975 The Hughes (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight. 1976 Muhammad Ali defends his Heavyweight Boxing Title, against Ken Norton. 1979 Niki Lauda retires from Formula One racing. 1980 Ethernet specifications published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation. 1982 Cyanide-laced Tylenol kills six people in the Chicago area. Seven were killed in all. The incident is known as the Tylenol scare. 1982 The TV sitcom Cheers premieres. 1986 Mordechai Vanunu, who revealed Israel's covert nuclear programme to British media, is kidnapped in Rome by the Israeli Mossad. 1989 Foreign Minister of West Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher's speech from the balcony of the German embassy in Prague. 1991 President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti is forced from office. 1993 An earthquake hits India's Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada (Aurangabad division) in Maharashtra state leaving tens of thousands of people dead and many more homeless. 1997 Origin Systems Inc. releases Ultima Online, a massively multiplayer game, opening the door for a new video gaming genre. 1999 Japan's then-worst nuclear accident occurs at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tokai-mura, northeast of Tokyo. Workers overload a container with uranium, exposing workers and local residents to very high radiation levels. From 2001 2004 AIM-54 Phoenix which became the primary missile for the Northrop Grumman F-14 Tomcat retired from U.S. Navy. 2004 The first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat is taken 600 miles south of Tokyo. 2005 The Parliament of Catalonia passes with 120 plus votes and 15 against, the Project of New Catalan Statute of Autonomy, proclaiming in its article 1, "Catalonia is a nation". 2005 The controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. 2009 A magnitude 7.6 earthquake strikes western Sumatra, killing over 1,000 people. 2010 In Ecuador, police officers, supported by parts of the army, attempt a failed coup against President Rafael Correa. 2012 British entertainer Jimmy Savile, who had died in October 2011, is revealed to have carried out sexual abuses over a period of decades. 2012 Europe wins the Ryder Cup golf tournament, with a comeback against the United States from 10-6 behind to win 14.5 to 13.5. 2013 Pope Francis announces that Pope John Paul II is to become a saint in April 2014, nine years after his death. Births Up to 1900 1207 Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian mystic and poet (d. 1273). 1227 Pope Nicholas IV (d. 1292). 1530 Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist (d. 1606). 1550 Michael Maestlin, German mathematician (d. 1631). 1689 Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d. 1753). 1710 John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (d. 1771). 1710 Stanislaw Konarski, Polish monk, poet and playwright (d. 1773). 1715 Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (d. 1780). 1732 Jacques Necker, Swiss-French politician (d. 1804). 1743 Christian Ehregott Weinlig, German composer (d. 1813). 1765 José Maria Morelos, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1815). 1800 Decimus Burton, English architect (d. 1881). 1811 Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Queen of Prussia and Empress of Germany (d. 1890). 1813 John Rae, Orcadian physician and explorer of the Canadian Arctic (d. 1893) 1827 Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (d. 1918). 1832 Ann Jarvis, American labor activist (d. 1905). 1833 Ferdinand von Saar, Austrian writer (d. 1906). 1836 Remigio Morales Bermúdez, President of Peru (d. 1894). 1848 Robert Walker Macbeth, Scottish painter (d. 1910). 1852 Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, conductor and educator (d. 1924) 1859 George Henry Slight, Scottish engineer, creator of the Chilean lighthouse service (d. 1934) 1861 William Wrigley, Jr., American industrialist (d. 1932). 1868 José Serrato, 24th President of Uruguay (d. 1960). 1870 Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist (d. 1942). 1882 Hans Geiger, German physicist (d. 1945). 1883 Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, British-born American engineer, architect and Women's Rights activist (d. 1945). 1883 Bernhard Rust, Nazi education minister (d. 1945). 1887 Lil Dagover, Dutch-born actress (d. 1980). 1891 Otto Schmidt, Russian politician, mathematician, geophysicist and Arctic explorer (d. 1956). 1895 Lewis Milestone, Russian-born movie director (d. 1980). 1897 Gaspar Cassado, Spanish cellist and composer (d. 1966). 1898 Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977). 1901 1950 1902 Ryuzo Shimizu, Japanese footballer (date of death unknown). 1904 Waldo Williams, Welsh poet (d. 1971). 1905 Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist (d. 1996). 1905 Michael Powell, British screenwriter, movie director and producer (d. 1990). 1906 Mireille Hartuch, French singer, composer and actress (d. 1996). 1908 David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1974). 1910 Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish military officer (d. 1962). 1912 Kenny Baker, American singer and actor (d. 1985). 1913 Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975). 1914 Baby Ray, American football player (d. 1986). 1915 Lester Maddox, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003). 1916 Richard K. Guy, British mathematician 1917 Yuri Lyubimov, Russian stage actor and director (d. 2014). 1917 Pak Chong Hui, President of South Korea (d. 1979). 1917 Buddy Rich, American big band jazz drummer (d. 1987). 1918 René Rémond, French historian and economist (d. 2007). 1918 Giovanni Canestri, Italian cardinal (d. 2015). 1919 William L. Guy, 26th Governor of North Dakota (d. 2013). 1920 Eileen Chang, Chinese writer (d. 1995). 1921 Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (d. 2007). 1921 Stanislaw Nagy, Polish cardinal (d. 2013). 1922 Oscar Pettiford, American jazz musician and composer (d. 1960). 1924 Truman Capote, American writer (d. 1984). 1926 Heino Kruus, Estonian basketball player and coach (d. 2012). 1927 Hossein Dehlavi, Iranian composer (d. 2019). 1927 W. S. Merwin, American poet (d. 2019). 1928 Elie Wiesel, Romanian-born Holocaust survivor, activist and writer, Nobel Peace Prize winner (d. 2016). 1928 Takeshi Inoue, Japanese footballer (d. 1992). 1929 Helen M. Marshall, American politician (d. 2017). 1931 Angie Dickinson, American actress. 1931 Teresa Gorman, English politician (d. 2015). 1932 Shintaro Ishihara, Japanese writer and politician. 1932 Anthony Hawkins, Australian actor. 1933 Michel Aoun, President of Lebanon. 1933 Cissy Houston, American singer. 1934 Marco Dezzi Bardeschi, Italian architect (d. 2018). 1934 Udo Jürgens, Austrian singer (d. 2014). 1934 Anna Kashfi, Indian-born actress (d. 2015). 1935 Johnny Mathis, American singer. 1936 Jim Sasser, 6th United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China. 1939 Jean-Marie Lehn, French chemist. 1940 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, English politician. 1941 Kamalesh Sharma, 5th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations. 1942 Frankie Lymon, American rock and roll musician (d. 1968). 1943 Johann Deisenhofer, German chemist. 1943 Ian Ogilvy, English actor. 1944 Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2006). 1945 Ehud Olmert, Israeli politician, former Prime Minister of Israel. 1945 José Manuel Fuente, Spanish cyclist (d. 1996). 1946 Fran Brill, American actress, singer and puppeteer. 1946 Claude Vorilhon, French journalist. 1946 Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican salsa singer (d. 1993). 1947 Marc Bolan, English rock musician (d. 1977). 1947 Rula Lenska, English actress. 1950 Laura Esquivel, Mexican author. 1951 1975 1951 Barry Marshall, Australian physician. 1951 Simon White, English astrophysicist and academic. 1952 John Lombardo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist. 1954 Mitch Lewis, Canadian multi-instrumentalist 1954 Basia, Polish singer-songwriter. 1955 Andy Bechtolsheim, German engineer, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. 1956 Frank Arnesen, Danish footballer. 1957 Fran Drescher, American actress, producer, comedienne and activist. 1958 Marty Stuart, American country musician. 1959 Debrah Farentino, American actress. 1959 Ettore Messina, Italian basketball player and coach. 1960 Blanche Lincoln, American politician. 1961 Eric Stoltz, American actor. 1961 Crystal Bernard, American singer-songwriter and actress. 1961 Mel Stride, English politician. 1962 Frank Rijkaard, Dutch footballer. 1964 Monica Bellucci, Italian actress. 1964 Trey Anastasio, American singer-songwriter and guitarist. 1964 Robby Takac, American singer-songwriter and bass player. 1965 Omid Djalili, English comedian and actor. 1965 Matt Fallon, American singer-songwriter 1965 Kathleen Madigan, American comedienne and actress. 1966 Gary Armstrong, Scottish rugby player. 1967 Steve Kean, Scottish football manager. 1969 Alex Rae, Scottish footballer. 1970 Damian Mori, American actor. 1970 Prosenjit Chatterjee, Indian actor and producer. 1971 Giancarlo Judica Cordiglia, Italian actor. 1971 Jenna Elfman, American actress. 1972 Ari Behn, Norwegian writer. 1974 Tom Greatrex, English politician. 1974 Daniel Wu, American-Hong Kong actor, director and producer. 1975 Marion Cotillard, French actress. 1975 Carlos Guillén, Venezuelan baseball player. 1975 Wopke Hoekstra, Dutch politician. From 1976 1977 Sun Juhai, Chinese footballer. 1977 Roy Carroll, Northern Irish footballer. 1978 Candice Michelle, American female wrestler. 1979 Andy van der Meyde, Dutch footballer. 1979 Primoz Kozmus, Slovenian hammer thrower. 1979 Cameron Bruce, Australian footballer. 1980 Christian Cantwell, American shot putter. 1980 Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player. 1981 Cecelia Ahern, Irish writer. 1982 Lacey Chabert, American actress. 1982 Kieran Culkin, American actor. 1982 Ola Jordan, Polish-British ballroom dancer. 1982 Teal Redmann, American actress. 1982 Yan Stastny, Canadian ice hockey player. 1984 Keisha Buchanan, English singer (Sugababes). 1984 Georgios Eleftheriou, Greek footballer. 1985 Dmytro Grabovskyy, Ukrainian cyclist (d. 2017). 1985 T-Pain, American rapper. 1985 Cristian Rodríguez, Uruguayan footballer. 1986 Olivier Giroud, French footballer. 1986 Cristian Zapata, Colombian footballer. 1987 Lauren Holiday, American soccer player. 1987 Rumi Harai, Japanese actress, model and gymnast. 1992 Ezra Miller, American actor. 1994 Aliya Mustafina, Russian gymnast. 1996 Lewis Morgan, Scottish footballer. 1997 Yana Kudryavtseva, Russian rhythmic gymnast. 1997 Max Verstappen, Belgian-Dutch racing driver. 2002 Maddie Ziegler, American dancer and actress. Deaths Up to 1900 420 Jerome, Roman priest, theologian and historian (b. 347) 653 Saint Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury 954 King Louis IV of France (b. 920) 1101 Anselm IV, Archbishop of Milan 1246 Yaroslav II of Russia (b. 1191) 1440 Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Ruthin, Welsh soldier and politician (b. 1362) 1487 John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1400) 1560 Melchior Cano, Spanish theologian (b. 1525) 1572 Saint Francis of Borgia, Jesuit priest (b. 1510) 1626 Taizu Emperor, Chinese Emperor (b. 1559) 1628 Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet and politician (b. 1554) 1770 Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat (b. 1695) 1865 Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1800) 1888 Elizabeth Stride, victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1843) 1888 Catherine Eddowes, victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1843) 1891 Georges Boulanger, French general and politician (b. 1837) 1897 Therese of Liseaux, French nun and saint (b. 1873) 1901 2000 1910 Maurice Levy, French engineer (b. 1838) 1914 Yu Kil-chun, Korean politician (b. 1856) 1932 Constantin Coanda, Romanian politician (b. 1857) 1934 Giuseppe Mori, Italian cardinal (b. 1850) 1942 Hans-Joachim Marseille, German pilot (b. 1919) 1943 Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (b. 1864) 1948 Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861) 1953 Lewis Fry Richardson, British meteorologist (b. 1881) 1955 James Dean, American actor (b. 1931) 1973 Peter Pitseolak, Canadian photographer and actor (b. 1902) 1974 Carlos Prats, Chilean Constitutionalist General (b. 1915) 1977 Mary Ford, American singer (b. 1924) 1985 Simone Signoret, French actress (b. 1921) 1985 Charles Richter, American seismologist (b. 1900) 1990 Patrick White, Australian writer (b. 1912) 1994 André Michael Lwoff, French microbiologist (b. 1902) 1994 Roberto Eduardo Viola, Argentine politician (b. 1924) From 2001 2002 Göran Kropp, Swedish mountaineer (b. 1966) 2002 Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1913) 2003 Robert Kardashian, American lawyer (b. 1944) 2004 Gamini Fonseka, Sri Lankan actor, director and politician (b. 1936) 2004 Jacques Levy, American director and songwriter (b. 1935) 2004 Michael Relph, English director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1915) 2007 Joe Mitty, English humanitarian, founder of Oxfam (b. 1919) 2010 Stephen J. Cannell, American television producer (b. 1941) 2011 Anwar al-Awlaki, American-born terrorist and Islamist militant (b. 1971) 2011 Ralph M. Steinman, Canadian immunologist (b. 1943) 2012 Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian figure skater (b. 1928) 2012 Barry Commoner, American biologist (b. 1917) 2013 Kazys Bobelis, Lithuanian politician (b. 1923) 2013 Rangel Valchanov, Bulgarian actor and director (b. 1928) 2014 Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari, Kashmiri Shia cleric, politician and businessman (b. 1942) 2014 Jerrie Mock, American pilot (b. 1925) 2014 Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist (b. 1927) 2015 Kelly Gissendaner, American criminal (b. 1968) 2015 Claude Dauphin, French businessman (b. 1951) 2015 Guido Altarelli, Italian theoretical physicist (b. 1941) 2015 Ricky Talan, Dutch footballer (b. 1960) 2016 Oscar Brand, Canadian-American folk singer-songwriter and author (b. 1920) 2016 Mike Towell, Scottish boxer (b. 1991) 2017 Monty Hall, Canadian-American game show host (b. 1921) 2017 Frank Hamblen, American basketball coach (b. 1947) 2017 Donald Malarkey, American army officer (b. 1921) 2017 Joe Tiller, American football player (b. 1942) 2017 Vladimir Voevodsky, Russian-American mathematician (b. 1966) 2018 Edredon Bleu, British-bred racehorse (b. 1992) 2018 Geoffrey Hayes, English television presenter and actor (b. 1942) 2018 Kim Larsen, Danish rock musician (b. 1945) 2018 René Pétillon, French cartoonist (b. 1945) 2019 David Akers-Jones, British politician (b. 1927) 2019 Wayne Fitzgerald, American film and television title designer (b. 1930) 2019 Viju Khote, Indian actor (b. 1941) 2019 Kornel Morawiecki, Polish politician and theoretical physicist (b. 1941) 2019 Jessye Norman, American opera singer (b. 1945) 2019 Ben Pon, Dutch racing driver (b. 1936) Observances Independence Day (Botswana) International Translation Day (after Jerome, Bible translator) Days of the year

10055

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2027

September 27

Events Up to 1900 1066 William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England. 1422 After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. 1529 The Siege of Vienna begins, as Suleiman I attacks the city. 1540 The Society of Jesus receives its charter from Pope Paul III. 1590 The death of Pope Urban VII ends the shortest papacy in history, lasting just 13 days. 1605 The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kirchholm. 1777 Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital city of the United States for a day. 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain. 1822 Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone. 1825 The Stockton and Darlington Railway opens in northern England, having the first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains. 1854 Steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board in the Atlantic Ocean. 1865 Chile declares war on Spain. 1901 2000 1903 The "Wreck of the Old 97" train crash occurs near Danville, Virginia, killing 11 people (including one who later died on October 6), and injuring 7. The crash later becomes well-known through songs and musical pieces. 1905 The formula E=mc squared is introduced, devised by Albert Einstein. 1908 The first production of the Ford Model T automobile is built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. 1916 Iyasu V is officially deposed in a palace coup in Ethiopia, in favor of his aunt, Zauditu. 1922 Constantine I of Greece abdicates the throne. His eldest son succeeds him as George II of Greece. 1928 The Republic of China is recognised by the United States. 1930 Bobby Jones wins the US Amateur Championship to complete the Grand Slam of winning all the major golf tournaments of the year. 1937 The Balinese Tiger is declared extinct. 1938 The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth is launched in Glasgow, Scotland. 1940 World War II: Germany, Japan and Italy sign the "Tripartite Pact". 1942 World War II: Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escapes after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River. 1949 The design of the Flag of the People's Republic of China (which is founded on October 1) is accepted by the National People's Congress. 1957 In the Azores, the Capelinho volcano erupts on the island of Faial. 300 homes are destroyed and 2,000 people are evacuated. 1959 Almost 5,000 people are killed when a typhoon strikes the island of Honshu, Japan. 1961 Sierra Leone joins the UN. 1968 The stage musical Hair opens at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London. 1973 The Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 12 spacecraft. 1979 The United States Department of Education receives final approval from the United States Congress to become the 13th US cabinet agency. 1983 Richard Stallman announces the GNU Project. 1987 In Cairo, Egypt, the first Metro line in Africa is opened. 1988 Canadian athlete Ben Johnson is stripped of his Olympic gold medal, after failing a drug test. 1993 The Sokhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia. 1996 Afghan forces are routed as the Taleban seizes control of Kabul. 1997 The Julie N tanker ship crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine, spilling hundreds of gallons of oil. 1997 Communication is lost with the Mars Pathfinder Probe. 1998 Google is founded. 1998 Gerhard Schröder is elected Chancellor of Germany, succeeding Helmut Kohl. From 2001 2001 In Zug, Switzerland, Friedrich Leibacher shoots 18 people, of which 14 are killed. He then kills himself. 2002 East Timor joins the UN. 2003 The Smart 1 satellite is launched. 2005 Tom and Jerry airs its 162nd, and last, episode. 2007 NASA launches the Dawn probe. 2008 Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese astronaut to perform a space walk. 2009 German Parliamentary Election: Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel of the CDU is allowed to serve a second term in office, after defeating SPD candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier. She enters into a coalition with the Free Democrats under Guido Westerwelle. 2014 The Mount Ontake volcano in Japan erupts. Births Up to 1900 823 Ermentrude of Orléans, Frankish Queen (d. 869) 1271 Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and Poland (d. 1305) 1275 John II of Brabant (d. 1312) 1389 Cosimo de' Medici, Italian art patron and ruler of Florence (d. 1464) 1533 Stephen Bathory, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (d. 1586) 1544 Takenaka Shigeharu, Japanese samurai (d. 1579) 1601 King Louis XIII of France (d. 1643) 1643 Solomon Stoddard, American Puritan clergyman (d. 1729) 1657 Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent of Russia (d. 1704) 1677 Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari, Italian musical composer (d. 1754) 1696 Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (d. 1787) 1722 Samuel Adams, American patriot, revolutionary, writer and statesman (d. 1803) 1729 Michael Denis, Austrian writer, priest and scientist (d. 1800) 1765 Antoine Philippe de la Tremouille, French counter-revolutionary (d. 1794) 1772 Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1836) 1781 William I of Württemberg (d. 1864) 1783 Agustín de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (d. 1824) 1792 George Cruikshank, British artist (d. 1878) 1818 Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (d. 1884) 1821 Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Swiss philosopher, poet and critic (d. 1881) 1824 William "Bull" Nelson, American Civil War general (d. 1862) 1826 Armand David, French monk and naturalist (d. 1900) 1830 William Babcock Hazen, American Civil War general (d. 1887) 1838 Lawrence Sullivan Ross, American Confederate general and 19th Governor of Texas (d. 1898) 1840 Thomas Nast, German-American political cartoonist (d. 1902) 1840 Alfred Thayer Mahan, American admiral (d. 1914) 1842 Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist (d. 1903) 1861 Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, sister of Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1933) 1862 Louis Botha, South African politician (d. 1919) 1864 Andrej Hlinka, Slovakian politician and priest (d. 1938) 1866 Eurosia Fabris, Italian saint (d. 1932) 1867 Giovanni Bonzano, Italian cardinal (d. 1927) 1871 Grazia Deledda, Italian writer (d. 1936) 1871 Martin H. Glynn, 40th Governor of New York (d. 1924) 1880 Jacques Thibaud, French violinist (d. 1953) 1894 Lothar von Richthofen, German pilot (d. 1922) 1898 Vincent Youmans, American composer and producer (d. 1946) 1901 1950 1907 Bhagat Singh, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1931) 1907 Maurice Blanchot, French philosopher and theorist (d. 2003) 1907 Bernard Miles, English actor, director, producer and producer (d. 1991) 1916 S. Yizhar, Israeli writer (d. 2006) 1918 Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer (d. 1984) 1919 James Wilkinson, British mathematician (d. 1986) 1919 Johnny Pesky, American baseball player (d. 2012) 1919 Jayne Meadows, American actress (d. 2015) 1920 William Conrad, American actor (d. 1994) 1921 John Malcolm Patterson, former Governor of Alabama (d. 2021) 1921 Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian movie director (d. 2014) 1921 Milton Subotsky, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1991) 1922 Arthur Penn, American screenwriter (d. 2010) 1922 Heinrich Boere, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2013) 1924 Bud Powell, American jazz pianist (d. 1966) 1924 Josef Skvorecky, Czech writer and publisher (d. 2012) 1925 Robert G. Edwards, British biologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2013) 1927 Chrysostomos I, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Cyprus (d. 2007) 1927 Adhemar da Silva, Brazilian triple jumper (d. 2001) 1929 Barbara Murray, English actress (d. 2014) 1929 Txillardegi, Basque linguist, writer and politician (d. 2012) 1931 Freddy Quinn, Austrian singer 1932 Yash Chopra, Indian director (d. 2012) 1932 Oliver E. Williamson, American economist 1933 Greg Morris, American actor 1933 Will Sampson, American actor and artist (d. 1987) 1934 Wilford Brimley, American actor (d. 2020) 1936 Don Cornelius, American television host (d. 2012) 1936 Sancho Gracia, Spanish television presenter (d. 2012) 1937 Vasyl Durdynets, 8th Prime Minister of Ukraine 1938 Jean-Loup Dabadie, French journalist, songwriter and screenwriter 1940 Josephine Barstow, English soprano 1940 Fatima Mernissi, Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist (d. 2015) 1941 Peter Bonetti, English footballer and coach 1942 Dith Pran, Cambodian photojournalist (d. 2008) 1942 Alvin Stardust, English singer (d. 2014) 1943 Randy Bachman, Canadian musician 1943 Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Italian nobleman 1943 Walter Riester, German politician 1946 Nicos Anastasiades, Greek-Cypriot politician, President of Cyprus 1946 Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (d. 2019) 1946 Robin Nedwell, English actor (d. 1999) 1947 Barbara Dickson, Scottish singer 1947 Denis Lawson, Scottish actor 1947 Vic Snyder, American politician 1947 Meat Loaf, American singer (d. 2022) 1947 Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager 1948 Duncan Fletcher, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach 1950 Cary Hiroyuki-Tagawa, Japanese-American actor and martial artist 1951 1975 1951 Jim Shooter, American writer 1951 Anthony Laciura, American operatic tenor 1952 Dumitru Prunariu, Romanian cosmonaut 1952 Didier Dubois, French mathematician 1952 Katie Fforde, English author 1953 Diane Abbott, English politician 1953 Claudio Gentile, Italian footballer 1953 Mata Amritanandamayi, Indian guru and saint 1953 Robbie Shakespeare, Jamaican musician and producer 1953 Dumitru Prunariu, Romanian engineer and astronaut 1954 Dougie MacLean, Scottish singer-songwriter 1954 Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Russian violinist and composer 1956 Milan Smrčka, Czech musician 1956 Steve Archibald, Scottish footballer 1957 John Inverdale, English broadcaster 1957 Peter Sellars, American theatre director 1958 Irvine Welsh, Scottish writer 1960 Jean-Marc Barr, German-born French-American movie actor, director and producer 1964 Stephan Jenkins, American musician and producer 1965 Bernard Lord, Canadian politician, 30th Premier of New Brunswick 1965 Peter MacKay, Canadian politician 1966 Uche Okechukwu, Nigerian footballer 1966 Jovanotti, Italian singer 1966 Debbie Wasserman Schultz, American politician 1966 Stephanie Wilson, American engineer and astronaut 1967 Willie Rennie, Scottish politician 1967 Llewella Gideon, English voice actor 1968 Mari Kiviniemi, former Prime Minister of Finland 1968 Patrick Muldoon, American actor 1972 Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer-songwriter (d. 2010) 1972 Clara Hughes, Canadian cyclist 1972 Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress 1973 Vratislav Lokvenc, Czech footballer 1974 Carrie Brownstein, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress From 1976 1976 Francesco Totti, Italian footballer 1976 Matt Harding, American video game designer and dancer 1978 Mihaela Ursuleasa, Romanian pianist (d. 2012) 1978 Pastora Soler, Spanish singer 1979 Shinji Ono, Japanese footballer 1980 Olivier Kapo, French footballer 1980 Asashoryu Akinori, Mongolian sumo wrestler 1981 Brendon McCallum, New Zealand cricketer 1981 Mirjam Weichselbraun, Austrian television host and actress 1982 Markus Rosenberg, Swedish footballer 1982 Lil Wayne, American rapper 1982 Darrent Williams, American football player 1983 Jeon Hye-bin, South Korean actress and singer 1984 Davide Capello, Italian footballer 1984 Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer 1984 Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (d. 2011) 1985 Ibrahim Touré, Ivorian footballer (d. 2014) 1987 Adam Bogdan, Hungarian footballer 1991 Simona Halep, Romanian tennis player 1992 Granit Xhaka, Swiss footballer 1993 Monica Puig, Puerto Rican tennis player 1995 Lina Leandersson, Swedish actress Deaths Up to 1900 855 Lothair I, King of the Romans (b. 795) 1162 Odo II, Duke of Burgundy 1249 Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197) 1404 William of Wykeham, English bishop (b. 1320) 1547 Lady Eleanor Brandon (b. 1519) 1557 Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (b. 1492) 1590 Pope Urban VII (b. 1521) 1651 Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573) 1660 Vincent de Paul, French priest and saint (b. 1581) 1700 Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615) 1832 Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (b. 1781) 1833 Ram Mohan, Indian reformer (b. 1772) 1876 Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b. 1817) 1886 Charles Gordon Greene, American journalist (b. 1804) 1891 Ivan Goncharev, Russian writer (b. 1812) 1901 2000 1917 Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834) 1921 Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (b. 1854) 1940 Walter Benjamin, German philosopher (b. 1892) 1940 Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian doctor, won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857) 1956 Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete (b. 1911) 1960 Sylvia Pankhurst, British Women's Rights activist (b. 1882) 1961 H.D., American writer (b. 1886) 1965 Clara Bow, American actress (b. 1905) 1967 Felix Yusupov, Russian prince, participated in the killing of Grigori Rasputin (b. 1887) 1972 S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician (b. 1892) 1974 Silvio Frondizi, Argentine lawyer (b. 1907) 1975 Jack Lang, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1876) 1979 Gracie Fields, British comedienne (b. 1898) 1981 Bronislaw Malinowski, Polish athlete (b. 1951) 1986 Cliff Burton, American bassist (Metallica) (b. 1962) 1991 Oona O'Neill, English actress (b. 1926) 1993 Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b. 1896) 1996 Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (b. 1947) From 2001 2004 John E. Mack, American psychiatrist (b. 1929) 2005 Ronald Golias, Brazilian comedian and actor (b. 1929) 2007 Kenji Nagai, Japanese photographer and journalist (b. 1957) 2008 Mahendra Kapoor, Indian singer (b. 1934) 2009 William Safire, American columnist (b. 1929) 2011 David Croft, British writer, producer and director (b. 1922) 2011 Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (b. 1935) 2012 Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (b. 1917) 2014 Eugie Foster, American science fiction writer (b. 1971) 2014 James Traficant, American politician (b. 1941) 2014 Taylor Hardwick, American architect (b. 1925) 2014 Zhang Xianliang, Chinese author and poet (b. 1936) 2014 Abdelmajid Lakhal, Tunisian actor and director (b. 1939) 2014 Jean-Jacques Pauvert, French publisher (b. 1926) 2015 Syed Ahmed, Indian politician (b. 1945) 2015 Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (b. 1915) 2015 Wilton Felder, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1940) 2015 Frank Tyson, English cricketer (b. 1930) 2015 John Guillermin, English movie director and producer (b. 1925) 2015 Denise Lor, American singer and actress (b. 1929) 2016 Sebastian Papaiani, Romanian actor (b. 1936) 2017 Joy Fleming, German singer (b. 1944) 2017 Hiromi Hayakawa, Japanese-Mexican actress and singer (b. 1982) 2017 Hugh Hefner, American adult magazine publisher and businessman (Playboy) (b. 1926) 2017 Anne Jeffreys, American actress (b. 1923) 2018 Marty Balin, American rock singer and musician (b. 1942) 2018 Brian A. Joyce, American politician (b. 1962) 2018 James G. March, American sociologist (b. 1928) 2019 William J. Edwards, American politician (b. 1928) 2019 Rob Garrison, American actor (b. 1960) 2019 John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1925) 2019 Joseph C. Wilson, American writer (b. 1949) Observances End of Independence War Day (Mexico) Holiday for the French-speaking community, Belgium Days of the year

10056

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2025

September 25

Events Up to 1900 275 In Rome, the Senate proclaims Marcus Claudius Tacitus Roman Emperor. 303 On a voyage preaching the gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, northern France. 1066 The Battle of Stamford Bridge marks the end of the Viking invasions of England. 1237 Scotland and England sign the Treaty of York, marking their common border. 1396 Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis. 1493 From Cadiz, Spain, Christopher Columbus sets sail on his second voyage. 1513 Spanish explorers become the first Europeans to sight the Pacific Ocean. 1621 Swedish troops take Riga in the Polish-Swedish War. 1775 American Revolutionary War: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe. Benedict Arnold and his expeditionary company set off from Fort Western, bound for Quebec City. 1789 The United States Congress passes twelve amendments (changes) to the United States Constitution. 1790 Peking opera begins, to celebrate the birthday of Qianlong Emperor of China. 1804 The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark expedition as a toll for moving further upriver. 1846 Mexican-American War: US forces under Zachary Taylor capture Monterrey, Mexico. 1868 The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Neuski is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia. 1890 Sequoia National Park in California is founded. 1901 2000 1906 In presence of the King of Spain and a big crowd, Leonardo Torres Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of 'Telekino' in the Basque port city of Bilbao, guiding a boat from shore, in what is now considered the birth of the remote control. 1911 Ground is broken for Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. 1912 Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City. 1913 Charlie Chaplin signs his first movie contract. 1915 World War I: Start of the Second Battle of Champagne. 1926 The International Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed. 1929 Jimmy Doolittle performs the first blind flight from Mitchel Field, proving that full instrument flying from take-off to landing is possible. 1937 Second Sino-Japanese War: Minor but morale-boosting victory for Chinese forces. 1938 American Don Budge becomes the first tennis player to win all four Grand Slams in one year. 1942 Holocaust: Switzerland denies entry to Jewish refugees. 1944 World War II: The British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem, Netherlands, ending Operation Market Garden. 1950 Korean War: UN forces enter Seoul. 1955 The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded. 1956 TAT-1, the first submarine (under the sea) transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated. 1957 Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas is integrated with help from United States Army troops. 1959 Sri Lankan Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike is shot by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day. 1962 The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is proclaimed. 1962 The North Yemen Civil War begins. 1964 Mozambique's War of Independence from Portugal begins. 1969 The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed. 1972 In a referendum, voters in Norway reject membership of the European Community. 1976 – Irish rock band U2 forms in Dublin, Ireland. 1977 The first Chicago Marathon takes place, with around 4,200 runners taking part. 1978 A mid-air collision between two planes over San Diego, California results in 144 deaths. 1981 Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 1981 Belize joins the UN. 1983 The UK's biggest prison break-out since World War II occurs when 38 Republican prisoners at Maze Prison, armed with 6 handguns, hijack a prison meals lorry and smash their way out. 1983 The TGV high-speed train track, from Paris to Lyon, is opened along its entire length. 1992 NASA launches the Mars Observer to the planet Mars. It would fail 11 months later. 1996 The last of the Magdalene Asylums closes in Ireland. 1998 Mikulas Dzurinda becomes Prime Minister of Slovakia. 2000 With the Islamic King Fahd Cultural Centre, the biggest Mosque in Latin America is opened in Buenos Aires, Argentina. From 2001 2003 A magnitude 8 earthquake hits Hokkaido, Japan. 2003 It is announced that 14,802 people died in France during the previous month's heatwave. 2005 Fernando Alonso wins the Formula One world championship, becoming the youngest Formula One world champion in history at the time, though the record has since been beaten by Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel. 2007 Yasuo Fukuda becomes Prime Minister of Japan. 2008 Thabo Mbeki resigns as President of South Africa, and is replaced by Kgalema Motlanthe. 2008 The Shenzhou spacecraft is launched by China. 2009 In a joint television appearance at the G-20 Summit, Barack Obama, Gordon Brown and Nicolas Sarkozy accuse Iran of building a uranium enrichment facility. 2010 Ed Miliband becomes leader of the British Labour Party. 2017 Iraqi Kurdistan holds a vote on independence. 2018 American comedian Bill Cosby is sentenced to between three and ten years in prison. 2019 The Australian Capital Territory legalises cannabis for recreational use. Births Up to 1900 1358 Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1408) 1403 Louis III of Naples (d. 1434) 1525 Steven Borough, English explorer (d. 1584) 1599 Francesco Borromini, Swiss-Italian architect (d. 1667) 1613 Claude Perrault, French architect, physician and naturalist (d. 1688) 1644 Ole Romer, Danish astronomer (d. 1710) 1683 Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (d. 1764) 1694 Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1754) 1711 Qianlong, Chinese Emperor (d. 1799) 1725 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French steam vehicle pioneer (d. 1804) 1729 Christian Gottlob Heyne, German classical scholar (d. 1812) 1734 Cardinal de Rohan, French cardinal and Bishop of Strasbourg (d. 1803) 1738 Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and politician (d. 1789) 1741 Wenzel Pichl, Czech composer, violinist, music director and writer (d. 1805) 1744 Frederick William II of Prussia (d. 1797) 1749 Abraham Gottlob Werner, German mineralogist (d. 1817) 1764 Fletcher Christian, English mutineer (d. 1793) 1766 Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1822) 1773 Agostino Bassi, Italian naturalist, entomologist and botanist (d. 1856) 1782 Charles Maturin, Irish dramatist and writer (d. 1824) 1793 Felicia Hemans, British poet (d. 1835) 1807 Alfred Vail, American engineer (d. 1859) 1816 Georg August Rudolph, German politician, 3rd Mayor of Marburg (d. 1893) 1825 Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (d. 1879) 1829 Karl Alfred von Zittel, German palaeontologist (d. 1904) 1860 John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, 1st Governor-General of Australia (d. 1908) 1862 Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1952) 1866 Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist (d. 1945) 1867 Augusto de Vasconcelos, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1951) 1877 Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (d. 1945) 1879 Lope K. Santos, Filipino writer and labor leader (d. 1963) 1881 Lu Xun, Chinese writer (d. 1936) 1889 Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff, Scottish author (d. 1930) 1896 Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (d. 1990) 1897 William Faulkner, American writer (d. 1962) 1901 1950 1901 Robert Bresson, French director (d. 1999) 1903 Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter (d. 1970) 1906 José Figueres Ferrer, Costa Rican politician (d. 1990) 1906 Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (d. 1975) 1908 Jacqueline Audry, French director and screenwriter (d. 1977) 1911 Eric Williams, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 1981) 1914 Elena Lucena, Argentine actress (d. 2015) 1915 Ethel Rosenberg, American executed for espionage (d. 1953) 1917 Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007) 1920 Sergei Bondarchuk, Ukrainian-born actor (d. 1994) 1921 Robert Muldoon, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1992) 1922 Hammer DeRoburt, 1st President of Nauru (d. 1992) 1922 Roger Etchegaray, French cardinal (d. 2019) 1923 Sam Rivers, American musician (d. 2011) 1924 Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian activist and politician (d. 2016) 1925 Silvana Pampanini, Italian actress (d. 2016) 1927 Colin Davis, British conductor (d. 2013) 1929 Ronnie Barker, British comedian and actor (d. 2005) 1929 Barbara Walters, American broadcaster 1930 Nino Cerruti, Italian fashion designer 1930 Shel Silverstein, American humorist, singer-songwriter and writer (d. 1999) 1932 Jerry Medwin, Welsh footballer 1932 Adolfo Suárez, former Prime Minister of Spain (d. 2014) 1932 Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (d. 1982) 1934 Jean Sorel, French actor 1935 Maj Sjöwall, Swedish writer 1936 Juliet Prowse, South African actress and dancer (d. 1996) 1936 Moussa Traoré, former President of Mali 1938 Jonathan Motzfeldt, 1st Prime Minister of Greenland (d. 2010) 1939 Feroz Khan, Indian actor (d. 2009) 1939 Harald Ringstorff, German politician 1939 Gianfranco Leoncini, Italian footballer (d. 2019) 1939 Leon Brittan, English politician (d. 2015) 1940 Takao Sakurai, Japanese boxer 1942 John Taylor, American jazz musician (d. 2015) 1942 Henri Pescarolo, French Formula One driver 1943 Massimo Mattioli, Italian cartoonist (d. 2019) 1943 Robert Walden, American actor 1943 Robert Gates, American politician 1944 Michael Douglas, American actor 1944 José Sacal, Mexican sculptor (d. 2018) 1945 Carol Vadnais, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1945 Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (d. 2008) 1946 Felicity Kendal, British actress 1947 Cheryl Tiegs, American model and actress 1949 Steve Mackay, American saxophonist (d. 2015) 1949 Pedro Almodóvar, Spanish filmmaker 1951 1975 1951 Mark Hamill, American actor 1952 Bell hooks, American author, feminist and social activist 1952 Christopher Reeve, American actor (d. 2004) 1954 Sakis Boulas, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2014) 1954 Joep Lange, Dutch physician and academic (d. 2014) 1954 Juande Ramos, Spanish football manager 1955 Zucchero Fornaciari, Italian singer-songwriter and musician 1955 Steven Severin, English musician, songwriter and producer 1955 Peter Müller, German politician 1955 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, German footballer 1956 Salvatore Bagni, Italian footballer 1957 Vladimir Popovkin, Russian politician (d. 2014) 1957 Michael Madsen, American actor and producer 1960 Ihor Belanov, Soviet-Ukrainian footballer 1960 Shinji Tanaka, Japanese footballer 1961 Heather Locklear, American actress 1961 Mark Gil, Filipino actor (d. 2014) 1962 Aida Turturro, American actress 1962 Dariusz Wdowczyk, Polish footballer and coach 1963 Tate Donovan, American actor 1963 Mikael Persbrandt, Swedish actor 1964 Barbara Dennerlein, German jazz musician 1965 Kenta Hasegawa, Japanese footballer 1965 Scottie Pippen, American basketball player 1966 Jason Flemyng, British actor 1968 Will Smith, American actor and rapper 1968 Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Prince of the Netherlands (d. 2013) 1969 Catherine Zeta-Jones, Welsh actress 1969 Hansie Cronje, South African cricketer (d. 2002) 1969 Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, American guitarist, songwriter and producer 1971 Jessie Wallace, English actress 1974 Richie Edwards, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1974 Víctor Pacheco, Colombian footballer 1975 Declan Donnelly, English actor, television presenter and musician (Ant and Dec) From 1976 1976 Petit, Portuguese footballer 1976 Charlotte Ayanne, Puerto Rican actress and model 1978 Ricardo Gardner, Jamaican footballer 1978 Jodie Kidd, English model 1978 Ryan Leslie, American music producer and singer-songwriter 1979 Jason Koumas, Welsh footballer 1980 Nikola Zigic, Serbian footballer 1983 Donald Glover, American actor, rapper, producer and screenwriter 1983 Yuhei Tokunaga, Japanese footballer 1983 Glenn Murray, English footballer 1984 Siphiwe Tshabalala, South African footballer 1984 Matías Silvestre, Argentine footballer 1986 John Barclay, Scottish rugby union player 1988 Joe Prospero, English actor 1989 Samantha Murray, English athlete 1990 Mao Asada, Japanese figure skater 1991 Emmy Clarke, American actress 1992 Keauna McLaughlin, American figure skater 1994 Jansen Panettiere, American actor 1995 Ryan Beatty, American singer 1995 Caitlin Fields, American figure skater 1997 Suzanne Schulting, Dutch short-track speed skater Deaths Up to 1900 303 Saint Fermin of Pamplona 1066 Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria (b. 1020) 1066 King Harald III of Norway (b. 1015) 1086 William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1025) 1333 Prince Morikuni, Japanese shogun (b. 1301) 1496 Pietro Capponi, Italian soldier and statesman (b. 1447) 1506 Philip I of Castile (b. 1478) 1534 Pope Clement VII (b. 1478) 1602 Caspar Peucer, German physician, scholar and reformer (b. 1525) 1617 Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan (b. 1572) 1617 Francisco Suarez, Spanish theologian (b. 1548) 1630 Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbeses, Italian general and politician (b. 1569) 1665 Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (b. 1610) 1777 Johann Heinrich Lambert, Swiss mathematician, physicist, philosopher and astronomer (b. 1728) 1792 Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (b. 1710) 1794 Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1718) 1849 Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer (b. 1804) 1900 Félix-Gabriel Marchand, 11th Premier of Quebec (b. 1832) 1900 John N. Palmer, 15th Governor of Illinois (b. 1817) 1901 2000 1901 Arthur Fremantle, English general (b. 1835) 1918 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev, Russian general (b. 1857) 1928 Richard F. Outcault, American cartoonist (b. 1863) 1931 Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, German classical philologist (b. 1848) 1933 Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885) 1940 Marguerite Clark, American actress (b. 1883) 1941 Foxall P. Keane, American polo player, golfer and racing driver (b. 1867) 1944 Walter Breisky, Austrian politician (b. 1871) 1958 John B. Watson, American psychologist (b. 1878) 1960 Emily Post, American author (b. 1873) 1970 Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (b. 1898) 1971 Hugo Black, American politician and jurist (b. 1886) 1979 Tapio Rautavaara, Finnish javelin thrower, actor and singer (b. 1915) 1980 John Bonham, British musician (Led Zeppelin) (b. 1948) 1980 Lewis Milestone, Russian-American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1895) 1983 King Leopold III of Belgium (b. 1901) 1983 Gunnar Thoroddsen, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1910) 1984 Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897) 1986 Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Russian chemist (b. 1896) 1987 Mary Astor, American actress (b. 1906) 1990 Prafulla Chandra Sen, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (b. 1897) 1991 Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (b. 1913) 1992 Joseph Arthur Ankrah, Ghanaian politician (b. 1947) 1995 Annie Elizabeth Delany, American dentist and author (b. 1891) 1996 Nicu Ceausescu, Romanian politician (b. 1951) From 2001 2003 Franco Modigliani, Italian economist (b. 1918) 2003 Edward Said, Palestinian-American critic (b. 1935) 2005 Don Adams, American actor (b. 1923) 2005 George Archer, American golfer (b. 1939) 2007 Nobuo Matsunaga, Japanese footballer (b. 1921) 2008 Derog Gioura, Nauruan politician (b. 1931) 2009 Alicia de Larrocha, Spanish pianist (b. 1923) 2010 Art Gilmore, American voice actor (b. 1912) 2011 Wangari Maathai, Kenyan environmental and political activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (b. 1940) 2012 Andy Williams, American singer and entertainer (b. 1927) 2014 Sulejman Tihic, Bosnian politician (b. 1951) 2014 Ulrick Chérubin, Canadian politician (b. 1943) 2014 Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English athlete (b. 1920) 2015 Moti Kirschenbaum, Israeli television personality (b. 1939) 2015 Claudio Baggini, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1936) 2015 John Galvin, American general (b. 1929) 2016 Arnold Palmer, American golfer (b. 1929) 2016 David Padilla, President of Bolivia (b. 1927) 2017 M. Cherif Bassiouni, Egyptian-American lawyer and human rights activist (b. 1937) 2017 Antony Booth, English actor (b. 1931) 2017 Nora Marks Dauenhauer, American author, poet and scholar (b. 1927) 2017 Elizabeth Dawn, English actress (b. 1939) 2017 Eman Ahmed Abd El Aty, Egyptian world's second-heaviest woman (b. 1980) 2017 Helga Grebing, German historian (b. 1930) 2017 Anatoly Gromyko, Soviet-Russian scientist and diplomat (b. 1932) 2017 Bobby Knutt, English actor (b. 1945) 2018 Helena Almeida, Portuguese photographer and painter (b. 1934) 2018 Marie Colton, American politician (b. 1922) 2018 Ivan Kapitanets, Soviet-Russian military officer (b. 1928) 2018 Danny Lewicki, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1931) 2019 Jesper Hoffmeyer, Danish biologist (b. 1942) 2019 Donald Nicholls, Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead, British peer (b. 1933) 2019 Arne Weise, Swedish journalist and television personality (b. 1930) 2019 Michael D. Coe, American archaeologist, anthropologist and author (b. 1929) Observances Armed Forces/Revolution Day (Mozambique) Days of the year

10057

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September 20

Events Up to 1900 331 BC Alexander the Great crosses the Tigris on his way to conquering the Persians. 1058 Agnes de Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to talk about the border zone in present-day Burgenland. 1187 Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem. 1260 The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights. 1459 First documented mention of Bucharest. 1498 An earthquake and tsunami washes away the building housing the Great Buddha at Kotoku-in in Kamagura, Kanagawa, Japan. Since then, the Buddha statue has sat in open-air. 1519 Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Spain with 270 crew members, of whom only 18 return home in 1522. Magellan is killed in the Philippines in 1521. 1596 Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey, Mexico. 1697 The Treaty of Rijswijk is signed by France, England, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, ending the Nine Years' War. 1848 The American Association for the Advancement of Science is created. 1854 Crimean War: British and French troops defeat the Russians in the Battle of Alma. 1859 For the electric oven, American George B. Simpson is given a US patent. 1860 Future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (then the Prince of Wales), visits the United States. 1863 American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends in Confederate victory. 1870 The Unification of Italy is completed. 1881 Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States. This is after the death of James Garfield the previous day, as a result of injuries from being shot on July 2 by Charles J. Guiteau. 1893 The first gasoline-powered car in America debuts in Springfield, Massachusetts. 1901 2000 1906 The Cunard Line's ship RMS Mauretania is launched in Newcastle upon Tyne. 1908 Near Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska, the barque (a type of ship) Star of Bengal collides with a rock and sinks, killing 110 people. 1909 The British Parliament passes the South Africa Act of 1909, creating the Union of South Africa from the British colonies of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River and Transvaal. 1910 The Ocean Liner SS France is launched. 1911 The White Star line's RMS Olympic collides with British warship HMS Hawke. 1914 World War I: The cathedral in Reims, France, is severely damaged by German artillery. 1920 Foundation of the Spanish Legion. 1932 Mahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike in prison in Pune, India. 1942 Holocaust: In Letychev, Ukraine, the SS murders 3,000 Jews in two days. 1946 The first Cannes Film Festival is held. It still takes place every year, in May. 1961 Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece. 1962 African American James Meredith is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi. 1967 The ship RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched at Clydebank near Glasgow. 1971 Hurricane Irene crosses the Caribbean Sea, through Nicaragua, to the Pacific Ocean to become Hurricane Olivia; This is the first time a hurricane is known to have crossed from the Caribbean to the Pacific. 1973 Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs in a 'Battle of the Sexes' tennis match in Houston, Texas. 1977 The Socialist Republic of Vietnam joins the UN. 1978 Johannes Rau, future President of Germany, is chosen as Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, a position he will hold for 20 years. 1979 In the present-day Central African Republic, Jean Bedel Bokassa, self-declared Emperor Bokassa I, is overthrown. 1982 NFL players begin a 57-day strike. 1984 A bomb attack targets the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. 1990 South Ossetia declares its independence from the Republic of Georgia. From 2001 2001 George W. Bush declares War on Terror. 2002 A Rock-Ice Slide occurs with the partial collapse of the Kolka Glacier in North Ossetia, southern Russia. The resulting avalanche kills 125 people. 2003 Voters in Latvia approve entry to the EU in a referendum. 2004 Wikipedia publishes articles in its 100th language. 2008 A bomb attack at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad kills 54 people. 2011 Former President of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani is assassinated. 2014 Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key wins a third term in office, after his New Zealand National Party wins the parliamentary election. 2017 Hurricane Maria hits Puerto Rico, where it kills thousands of people and cuts the whole island's electricity supply. 2019 Led by school pupils, worldwide protests take place calling for politicians to act on climate change. Births Up to 1900 524 Kan B'alam I, ruler of the Mayan city of Palenque (d. 583) 1486 Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII of England (d. 1502) 1503 Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, Polish scholar, humanist and theologian (d. 1572) 1593 Gottfried Scheidt, German composer and organist (d. 1661) 1599 Christian the Younger of Brunswick, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626) 1685 Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, Italian baroque composer and violinist (d. 1751) 1710 Thomas Simpson, English mathematician (d. 1761) 1735 James Keir, Scottish chemist, geologist and inventor (d. 1820) 1746 Maurice Benyovszky, Hungarian explorer and writer (d. 1786) 1758 Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor of Haiti (d. 1806) 1778 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian naval officer and explorer (d. 1852) 1800 Benjamin Franklin White, American singer and composer (d. 1879) 1815 Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1869) 1820 John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863) 1830 Yoshida Shoin, Japanese intellectual, teacher and revolutionary (d. 1859) 1831 Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (d. 1917) 1832 Johann Joseph Abert, German-Bohemian composer and conductor (d. 1915) 1833 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist (d. 1918) 1842 James Dewar, Scottish chemist and physicist (d. 1923) 1843 Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (d. 1865) 1851 Henry Arthur Jones, English writer (d. 1929) 1853 Rama V, King of Siam (d. 1910) 1860 James Gillett, 22nd Governor of California (d. 1937) 1861 Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress (d. 1955) 1872 Maurice Gamelin, French army general (d. 1958) 1873 Sidney Olcott, Canadian movie director (d. 1949) 1873 Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian racing driver (d. 1944) 1875 Matthias Erzberger, German publicist and politician (d. 1921) 1878 Upton Sinclair, American writer (d. 1968) 1884 Maxwell Perkins, American editor and publisher (d. 1947) 1885 Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz pianist (d. 1941) 1885 Enrico Mizzi, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1950) 1889 Charles Reidpath, American city planner and athlete (d. 1975) 1890 Linda Eenpalu, Estonian politician and activist (d. 1962) 1893 Hans Scharoun, German architect (d. 1972) 1897 Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, President of Brazil (d. 1967) 1899 Leo Strauss, German-born philosopher (d. 1973) 1900 Nikolay Timofeev-Ressowski, Russian geneticist (d. 1981) 1901 1950 1908 Ernest Manning, Canadian preacher and politician, Premier of Alberta (d. 1996) 1911 Pandit Shri Ram Sharma Acharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1991) 1914 Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982) 1916 Malik Meraj Khalid, Pakistani politician (d. 2003) 1917 Red Auerbach, American basketball coach (d. 2006) 1917 Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994) 1917 Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1996) 1920 Alberto de Lacerda, Portuguese poet (d. 2007) 1920 Jay Ward, American animator, producer and screenwriter (d. 1989) 1921 Chico Hamilton, American jazz drummer and bandleader (d. 2013) 1921 Carlo Parola, Italian footballer (d. 2000) 1923 Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Indian actor and producer (d. 2014) 1924 Gogi Grant, American singer (d. 2016) 1925 Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (d. 1946) 1925 James Bernard, English movie composer (d. 2001) 1925 Bobby Nunn, American singer (d. 1986) 1926 Libero Liberati, Italian motorcycle racer (d. 1962) 1927 John Dankworth, English jazz musician (d. 2010) 1927 Rachel Roberts, Welsh actress (d. 1980) 1928 William J. Edwards, American politician (d. 2019) 1928 Donald Hall, American poet (d. 2018) 1929 Anne Meara, American comic and actress (d. 2015) 1929 Hans von Borsody, Austrian-German actor (d. 2013) 1929 Joe Temperley, Scottish jazz saxophonist (d. 2016) 1934 Sophia Loren, Italian actress 1935 Walter Eschweiler, German football referee 1936 Andrew Davies, Welsh writer 1937 Birgitta Dahl, Swedish politician 1937 Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005) 1940 Taro Aso, former Prime Minister of Japan 1942 Gerald Tremblay, 41st Mayor of Montreal 1942 Rose Francine Rogombé, Interim President of Gabon (d. 2015) 1943 Sani Abacha, President of Nigeria (d. 1998) 1946 Dorothy Hukill, American politician (d. 2018) 1947 Wojciech Kurtyka, Polish mountaineer 1947 Mia Martini, Italian singer and actress (d. 1995) 1948 George R. R. Martin, American writer, screenwriter and producer 1948 Chuck Panozzo, American musician 1948 John Panozzo, American musician (d. 1996) 1949 Anthony Denison, American actor 1949 Mahesh Bhatt, Indian director, producer and screenwriter 1949 Victoria Mallory, American singer and actress (d. 2014) 1951 1975 1952 Manuel Zelaya, former President of Honduras 1954 Anne McIntosh, Scottish politician 1956 Gary Cole, American actor 1956 Steve Coleman, American jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer 1959 Joseph Alessi, American trombonist 1960 Dave Hemingway, English singer-songwriter 1961 Caroline Flint, English politician 1962 Jim Al-Khalili, English physicist, writer and broadcaster 1966 Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese guitarist, singer-songwriter and record producer 1966 Douglas Gordon, Scottish artist 1967 Kristen Johnston, American actress 1967 Gunnar Nelson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1967 Matthew Nelson, American singer-songwriter and bass player 1969 Richard Witschge, Dutch footballer 1971 Tinna Björk Baldvinsdóttir, Icelandic footballer and psychologist 1971 Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer 1972 Victor Ponta, former Prime Minister of Romania 1973 Jo Pavey, English runner 1975 Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver 1975 Asia Argento, Italian actress From 1976 1976 Jon Bernthal, American actor 1977 Namie Amuro, Japanese pop singer 1979 Dan Gillespie Sells, British musician (The Feeling) 1980 Judith Schalansky, German writer, book designer and publisher 1980 Robert Koren, Slovenian footballer 1980 Igor Vori, Croatian handball player 1981 Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player 1981 Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (d. 2014) 1982 Aaron Burkart, German rally driver 1982 Brian Fortuna, American dancer and choreographer 1983 Freya Murray, Scottish athlete 1984 Brian Joubert, French figure skater 1987 Gain, South Korean singer, actress and entertainer 1987 Deon McCaulay, Belizean footballer 1987 Reza Ghoochannejhad, Iranian footballer 1988 Sergei Bobrovsky, Russian ice hockey player 1990 John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player 1990 Phillip Phillips, American Idol winner 1990 Waylon Francis, Costa Rican footballer 1991 Spencer Locke, American actress 1992 Safura Alizadeh, Azerbaijani singer 1992 Peter Prevc, Slovenian ski jumper 1993 Julian Draxler, German footballer 1995 Laura Dekker, Dutch-New Zealand sailor 1995 Sammi Hanratty, American actress 1996 Marlos Moreno, Colombian footballer Deaths Up to 1950 911 Louis the Child, King of the East Franks (b. 893) 1328 Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian theologian and scholar (b. 1263) 1384 King Louis of Naples (b. 1339) 1460 Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer (b. 1400) 1590 Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534) 1629 Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1587) 1630 Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586) 1684 Kim Seok-ju, Korean scholar, politician and author (b. 1634) 1793 Fletcher Christian, English mutineer (b. 1764) 1839 Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet, British admiral (b. 1769) 1840 Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, Paraguayan politician (b. 1766) 1845 Matvei Gedenschtorm, Russian explorer (b. 1780) 1852 Philander Chase, American bishop and educator (b. 1775) 1863 Jacob Grimm, German writer and folklorist (b. 1785) 1898 Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819) 1908 Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844) 1919 Ramón Barros Luco, President of Chile (b. 1835) 1927 George Nichols, American actor (b. 1864) 1930 Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian anthropologist and explorer (b. 1873) 1932 John Ellis, English executioner (b. 1874) 1933 Annie Besant, British writer, philosopher and journalist (b. 1847) 1945 Augusto Tasso Fragoso, President of Brazil (b. 1869) 1945 William Seabrook, American occultist, journalist and explorer (b. 1884) 1946 Raimu, French actor (b. 1883) 1947 Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City (b. 1882) 1948 Husain Salaahudin, Maldivian scholar, poet and writer (b. 1881) 1951 2010 1957 Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865) 1970 Alexandros Othonaios, Greek general and Prime Minister (b. 1879) 1971 Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet (b. 1900) 1973 Jim Croce, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943) 1975 Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer (b. 1887) 1979 Ludvik Svoboda, Czechoslovakian politician (b. 1895) 1993 Erich Hartmann, German pilot and fighter ace (b. 1922) 1994 Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and author (b. 1921) 1996 Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1913) 1996 Reuben Kamenga, 1st Vice president of Zambia (b. 1929) 1998 Muriel Humphrey Brown, United States Senator and wife of Hubert Humphrey (b. 1912) 1999 Raisa Gorbachova, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1932) 2002 Sergei Bodrov, Jr., Russian actor (b. 1971) 2003 Gordon Mitchell, American actor (b. 1923) 2003 Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwean politician (b. 1922) 2004 Brian Clough, English football manager (b. 1935) 2005 Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor (b. 1908) 2006 Sven Nykvist, Swedish cameraman and director (b. 1922) 2010 Fud Leclerc, Belgian singer (b. 1924) From 2011 2011 Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (b. 1940) 2012 Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal (b. 1935) 2014 Anatoly Berezovoy, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1942) 2014 Polly Bergen, American actress (b. 1930) 2014 Rob Bironas, American football player (b. 1978) 2014 Vince Callahan, American politician (b. 1931) 2014 Pino Cerami, Italian-Belgian cyclist (b. 1922) 2014 Takako Doi, Japanese politician (b. 1928) 2014 George Sluizer, Dutch film director (b. 1932) 2015 Jack Larson, American actor, screenwriter and producer (b. 1928) 2015 C. K. Williams, American poet (b. 1936) 2015 Siegfried Gottwald, German mathematician (b. 1943) 2016 Richie Dunn, American ice hockey player (b. 1957) 2016 Peter Leo Gerety, American bishop (b. 1912) 2016 Curtis Hanson, American movie director and screenwriter (b. 1945) 2017 Ene Mihkelson, Estonian novelist (b. 1944) 2017 Lillian Ross, American journalist and author (b. 1918) 2017 Teddy Taylor, British politician (b. 1937) 2017 Arne Solli, Norwegian military officer (b. 1938) 2018 Fadhil Jalil al-Barwari, Iraqi military officer (b. 1966) 2018 John Cunliffe, English children's writer (b. 1933) 2018 Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian publisher and photographer (b. 1930) 2018 George N. Hatsopoulos, Greek-born American chemical engineer (b. 1927) 2018 Laurie Mitchell, American actress (b. 1928) 2018 K-Run's Park Me In First, American-bred show dog (b. 2005) 2018 Mohamed Sahnoun, Algerian politician and diplomat (b. 1931) 2018 Reinhard Tritscher, German skier (b. 1946) 2018 Henry Wessel Jr., American photographer (b. 1942) 2019 Robert Boyd, American journalist (b. 1928) 2019 Howard Cassady, American football player (b. 1934) 2019 Séamus Hegarty, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1940) 2019 Jan Merlin, American actor (b. 1925) 2019 Gregorio Martínez Sacristán, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1946) 2019 Yonrico Scott, American drummer (b. 1955) 2019 Su Beng, Taiwanese dissident (b. 1918) Observances National Youth Day (Thailand) Constitution Day (Nepal) Days of the year

10058

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2021

September 21

Events Up to 1900 1217 Livonian Crusade: Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian tribal leader Kaupo are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day. 1327 After rejecting the throne, King Edward II of England is murdered in Berkeley, Gloucester. 1435 An agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Burgundy in the Hundred Years' War. 1745 A Hanoverian army is defeated at the Battle of Prestonpans by the Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart. 1776 Parts of New York City are burned shortly after being occupied by British forces. 1780 Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point. 1792 The National Convention in France abolishes the monarchy. 1843 John Williams Wilson takes control of the Strait of Magellan, representing the newly independent Chilean government. 1846 Mexican-American War: The Battle of Monterrey begins. 1860 In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao. 1896 A British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola, Sudan. 1898 Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China. 1901 2000 1921 A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 561 people. 1934 A large typhoon hits western Honshu, Japan, killing 3,036 people. 1937 J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published. 1938 The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island, killing between 500 and 700 people. 1939 Romanian Prime Minister Armand Calinescu is killed by ultranationalist members of the Iron Guard. 1942 In Dunaivtski, Ukraine, the Nazis murder 2,588 Jews. 1949 The People's Republic of China established in Beijing. 1960 The Flag of Panama is flown next to the Flag of the United States at the Panama Canal for the first time. 1961 First flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter. 1964 Malta becomes independent. 1965 Gambia, the Maldives and Singapore join the UN. 1971 Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the UN. 1972 Ferdinand Marcos declares Martial Law in the Philippines. 1976 The Seychelles join the UN. 1981 Belize is granted independence from the United Kingdom. 1984 Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the United States Senate to become the first female Justice on the United States Supreme Court. 1984 Brunei joins the UN. 1989 Hurricane Hugo hits the US state of South Carolina. 1991 Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union. 1993 The Russian Constitutional Crisis of 1993 begins, as President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and scraps the then-functioning constitution. 1993 A Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft is shot down by Abkhazian separatists near Sokhumi, Georgia. 1999 An earthquake in Taiwan leaves 2,400 people dead. From 2001 2001 31 people are killed in a chemical explosion in Toulouse, France. 2003 The Galileo mission is ended by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes. 2004 In Dubai, building work begins on what would become the Burj Khalifa. It was opened on January 4, 2010 as the world's tallest building, at a height of 828 metres. 2013 Westgate shopping mall shooting: A shooting attack on a shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, kills at least 68 people, and many people are taken hostage. Somali militant group Al-Shabaab claims responsibility. 2013 An attack at a funeral in Sadr City, Iraq, kills at least 60 people. 2016 A boat estimated to be carrying hundreds of people sinks off Alexandria, Egypt, and is believed to have killed most of those on board. Births Up to 1800 1051 Bertha of Savoy, German queen and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1087) 1154 Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon (d. 1208) 1328 Hongwu, Emperor of China (d. 1398) 1371 Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1440) 1411 Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, pretender to the English throne (d. 1460) 1415 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1493) 1428 Jingtai, Emperor of China (d. 1457) 1452 Girolamo Savonarola, Italian philosopher and priest (d. 1498) 1457 Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1502) 1559 Cigoli, Florentine painter, architect and sculptor (d. 1613) 1629 Philip Howard, English cardinal (d. 1594) 1640 Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1701) 1645 Louis Jolliet, French-Canadian explorer (d. 1700) 1705 Dick Turpin, English outlaw (d. 1739) 1706 Polyxena of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1735) 1752 Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, wife of Charles Eduard Stuart (d. 1824) 1756 John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer and road builder (d. 1836) 1757 James Jackson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1806) 1758 Christopher Gore, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1827) 1760 Ivan Dimitriev, Russian statesman (d. 1837) 1788 Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (d. 1852) 1791 Istvan Szechenyi, Hungarian entrepreneur and state reformer (d. 1860) 1792 Johann Peter Eckermann, German poet (d. 1854) 1801 1900 1801 Moritz Hermann von Jacobi, German-Russian physicist and engineer (d. 1874) 1817 John Allan Broun, Scottish scientist (d. 1879) 1819 Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France (d. 1864) 1840 Murad V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1904) 1842 Abd-ul-Hamid, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918) 1845 Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (d. 1923) 1846 Mihaly Kolossa, Hungarian-Slovenian writer (d. 1906) 1849 Maurice Barrymore, Indian-American actor (d. 1905) 1853 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 (d. 1926) 1859 Francesc Macia i Llussa, Catalan army officer and politician (d. 1933) 1863 John Bunny, American movie comedian (d. 1915) 1864 Elena Vacarescu, Romanian writer (d. 1947) 1866 H. G. Wells, English writer (d. 1946) 1866 Charles Nicolle, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 (d. 1936) 1867 Henry L. Stimson, American politician (d. 1950) 1869 Carlo Airoldi, Italian marathon runner (d. 1929) 1872 Henry Tingle Wilde, British chief officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1912) 1873 Papa Jack Laine, American musician (d. 1966) 1874 Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934) 1890 Max Immelmann, German fighter pilot (d. 1918) 1896 Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian (d. 2011) 1899 Frederick Coutts, 8th General of the Salvation Army (d. 1986) 1901 1950 1902 Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet (d. 1963) 1902 E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British ethnologist (d. 1973) 1902 Toyen, Czech painter (d. 1980) 1909 Kwame Nkrumah, 1st President of Ghana (d. 1972) 1912 Chuck Jones, American animator (d. 2002) 1912 Gyorgy Sandor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005) 1916 Françoise Giroud, French feminist journalist and writer (d. 2003) 1918 John Gofman, American scientist (d. 2007) 1919 Mario Bunge, Argentine philosopher and physicist 1924 Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1957) 1926 Donald A. Glaser, American physicist (d. 2013) 1926 Don Dunstan, 35th Premier of South Australia (d. 1999) 1926 Noor Jehan, Pakistani singer and actress (d. 2000) 1928 Edouard Glissant, French writer (d. 2011) 1929 Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (d. 1979) 1929 Bernard Williams, English philosopher (d. 2003) 1931 Larry Hagman, American actor (d. 2012) 1932 Don Preston, American musician and movie score composer 1932 Shirley Conran, English journalist and writer 1934 Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer, musician, poet and writer (d. 2016) 1934 David J. Thouless, Scottish-American physicist (d. 2019) 1935 Jimmy Armfield, English footballer (d. 2018) 1936 Sunny Murray, American jazz drummer (d. 2017) 1936 Yury Luzhkov, Russian politician, former Mayor of Moscow 1939 Agnivesh, Indian activist and politician 1940 Rick May, Canadian-American actor and voice actor (d. 2020) 1941 R. James Woolsey, Jr., American 16th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 1944 Fannie Flagg, American actress, comedienne and author 1944 Steve Beshear, American politician, Governor of Kentucky 1945 Bjarni Tryggvason, Iceland-born Canadian engineer and astronaut 1945 Jerry Bruckheimer, American movie and television producer 1945 Shaw Clifton, 18th General of the Salvation Army 1946 Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councillor 1946 Mart Siimann, former Prime Minister of Estonia 1947 Stephen King, American writer 1947 Don Felder, American rock music guitarist 1947 Nick Castle, American actor 1947 Ed Nimmervoll, Austrian-Australian rock musician, journalist, author and historian (d. 2014) 1947 Keith Harris, English ventriloquist (d. 2015) 1947 Rói Patursson, Faroese writer and philosopher 1949 Odilo Scherer, Brazilian cardinal 1950 Charles Clarke, British politician 1950 Bill Murray, American actor 1951 1975 1951 Bruce Arena, American soccer coach 1951 Aslan Maskhadov, President of Chechnya (d. 2005) 1952 Anneliese Michel, German exorcism victim (d. 1976) 1953 Reinhard Marx, German archbishop and cardinal 1954 Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan 1954 Phil Taylor, British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2015) 1955 Richard Hieb, American astronaut 1955 Mika Kaurismaki, Finnish director 1957 Ethan Coen, American movie director 1957 Sidney Moncrief, American basketball player 1957 Kevin Rudd, 26th Prime Minister of Australia 1958 Rick Mahorn, American basketball player 1959 Crin Antonescu, Romanian politician 1959 Dave Coullier, American actor 1961 Nancy Travis, American actress 1961 Dan Borislow, American entrepreneur, sports team owner and inventor (d. 2014) 1962 Rob Morrow, American actor 1963 Curtly Ambrose, Antiguan-Barbudan cricketer 1964 Carlos Aguilera, Uruguayan footballer 1965 Cheryl Hines, American actress 1965 David Wenham, Australian actor 1967 Faith Hill, American singer 1967 Suman Pokhrel, Nepalese poet 1967 Tyler Stewart, Canadian drummer (Barenaked Ladies) 1968 Ricki Lake, American actress and talk show hostess 1970 Rob Benedict, American actor 1970 Samantha Power, Irish-born 28th United States Ambassador to the United Nations 1971 Alfonso Ribeiro, American actor 1971 Luke Wilson, American actor 1972 David Silveria, American musician 1972 Liam Gallagher, English singer (Oasis) 1973 Oswaldo Sánchez, Mexican footballer 1974 Henning Fritz, German handball player 1975 Ronny Deila, Norwegian football manager From 1976 1978 Doug Howlett, New Zealand rugby player 1978 Mario Miranda, Brazilian mixed martial artist 1979 Chris Gayle, Jamaican cricketer 1979 Richard Dunne, Irish footballer 1979 James Allan, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1980 Kareena Kapoor, Indian actress 1980 Autumn Reeser, American actress 1980 Tomas Scheckter, South African racing driver 1980 Nyree Kindred, Welsh swimmer 1981 Rimi Sen, Indian actress 1981 Nicole Richie, American socialite 1982 Marat Izmailov, Russian footballer 1983 Anna Meares, Australian cyclist 1983 Fernando Cavenaghi, Argentine footballer 1983 Maggie Grace, American actress 1983 Greg Jennings, American football player 1987 Ryan Guzman, American actor 1987 Ashley Paris, American basketball player 1987 Courtney Paris, American basketball player 1988 Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Pakistani politician 1989 Jason Derulo, American singer 1989 Emma Watkins, Australian musician (The Wiggles) 1990 Al-Farouq Aminu, Nigerian-American basketball player 1990 Christian Serratos, American actress 1990 Allison Scagliotti, American actress 1992 Chen, South Korean singer 1994 Ben Proud, English swimmer Deaths Up to 1900 19 BC Virgil, Roman poet (b. 70 BC) 454 Flavius Aetius, Roman general (b. 396) 687 Pope Conon (b. 630) 1217 Lembitu, Estonian tribal leader 1217 Kaupo, Livonian tribal leader 1327 King Edward II of England (b. 1284) 1558 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1500) 1576 Gerolamo Cardano, Italian doctor, philosopher and mathematician (b. 1501) 1643 Huang Taiji, Chinese Emperor (b. 1592) 1743 Jai Singh II, Indian King (b. 1688) 1798 George Read, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1733) 1810 Mir Taqi Mir, Urdu poet (b. 1723) 1832 Walter Scott, Scottish writer (b. 1771) 1852 William Badger, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1779) 1860 Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (b. 1788) 1880 Manuel Montt, 6th President of Chile (b. 1809) 1895 Viktor Rydberg, Swedish writer (b. 1828) 1901 2000 1904 Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b. 1840) 1906 Samuel Arnold, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838) 1926 Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (b. 1857) 1929 Nathaniel Edwin Harris, American politician (b. 1846) 1933 Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese author and poet (b. 1896) 1939 Armand Calinescu, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1893) 1943 Kingsley Wood, British politician (b. 1881) 1947 Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1846) 1953 Necmettin Sadak, Turkish politician (b. 1890) 1954 Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese inventor (b. 1858) 1957 Haakon VII, King of Norway (b. 1872) 1963 Paulino Masip, Spanish author, playwright and screenwriter (b. 1899) 1966 Paul Reynaud, Prime Minister of France (b. 1878) 1971 Bernardo Houssay, Argentinian doctor, won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1887) 1974 Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894) 1976 Orlando Letelier, Chilean economist, politician and diplomat (b. 1932) 1982 Hovhannes Bagramyan, Soviet general (b. 1897) 1985 Gu Long, Chinese author and screenwriter (b. 1937) 1987 Jaco Pastorius, American musician (b. 1951) 1990 Takis Kanellopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (b. 1933) 1995 Rudy Perpich, American politician (b. 1928) 1997 Jennifer Holt, American actress (b. 1920) 1998 Florence Griffith-Joyner, American athlete (b. 1959) From 2001 2007 Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian skier (b. 1929) 2011 Paulette Dubost, French actress (b. 1910) 2011 Troy Davis, American high-profile death row inmate (b. 1968) 2012 Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst and author (b. 1913) 2012 Sven Hassel, Danish-German soldier and author (b. 1917) 2012 Michael Rye, American actor (b. 1918) 2014 Linda Griffiths, Canadian actress and playwright (b. 1953) 2014 Caldwell Jones, American basketball player (b. 1950) 2014 Cecilia Cenci, Argentine actress (b. 1942) 2014 Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (b. 1902) 2014 Mike Harari, Israeli intelligence officer (b. 1927) 2015 Armen Movsisyan, Armenian politician (b. 1962) 2015 Yoram Gross, Polish-born Australian animation producer and director (b. 1926) 2017 Liliane Bettencourt, French businesswoman, socialite and heiress (b. 1922) 2017 William G. Stewart, British game show host (b. 1933) 2018 Vitaliy Masol, former Prime minister of Ukraine (b. 1928) 2018 Tran Dai Quang, President of Vietnam (b. 1956) 2019 Aron Eisenberg, American actor (b. 1969) 2019 Sid Haig, American actor (b. 1939) 2019 Sigmund Jaehn, German cosmonaut (b. 1937) 2019 Günter Kunert, German writer (b. 1929) 2019 Carl Ruiz, American chef and television personality (b. 1975) 2019 Jevan Snead, American football player (b. 1987) 2019 Woo Hye-mi, South Korean pop singer (b. 1988) Observances Independence Day (Belize and Malta) International Day of Peace Spring Day in some South American countries References Days of the year

10059

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2022

September 22

Events Up to 1900 66 Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica. 904 The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong of Tong, the second-last Emperor of China's Tang Dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government. 1236 Lithuanians and Semigallians beat Livonian Brothers of the Sword in Battle of Siauliai 1499 Treaty of Basel: Switzerland becomes an independent state. 1503 Pope Pius III becomes Pope, though his reign only lasts for 27 days. 1598 English playwright Ben Jonson is indicted for manslaughter. 1692 Last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States. 1761 George III of Great Britain and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned. 1776 Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution. 1784 Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska. 1789 Position of United States Postmaster General established. 1823 Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Jr. stated that he found the Golden Plates on this date, being directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where they were buried. 1857 Russian warship Lefort capsizes and sinks in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 806 people on board. 1862 A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released. 1864 American Civil War: End of the Battle of Fishers Hill. 1869 Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold debuts in Munich. 1877 French astronomer Edouard Jean-Marie Stephan discovers five galaxies, that together are now known as the "Stephan Quintet". 1888 The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published. 1893 The first American-built automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed. 1896 Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather, King George III, as the longest-reigning monarch in British history. Elizabeth II beats her record on September 9, 2015. 1901 2000 1908 Independence of Bulgaria recognised. 1910 The Duke of York's Picture House opens in Brighton, now the oldest continually operating cinema in the United Kingdom. 1914 German submarine 5M U-9 torpedoes and sinks British cruisers HMS Aboukir, HMS Hague and HMS Cressy on the Broad Fourteens off the Dutch coast with the loss of 1,400 men and boys. 1919 The Steel Strike of 1919 begins in Pennsylvania, later spreading across the United States. 1927 Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney. 1934 An explosion occurs at Gresford Colliery in Wales, killing 266 miners and rescuers. 1937 Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco. 1941 Holocaust: On Yom Kippur, Jewish New Year, SS officers murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. 1949 Soviet Union detonates its first nuclear weapon. 1951 The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC. 1955 UK television channel ITV begins broadcasting. 1957 Francois Duvalier (Papa Doc) is elected President of Haiti. Establishing a one-party state, he remains in power until his death in 1971, when his son takes over. 1960 Mali gains independence from France. 1961 The Peace Corps is formed. 1964 The musical Fiddler on the Roof has its first performance on Broadway in New York City. 1965 The war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ends after the UN calls for a cease-fire. 1968 The move of the Abu Simbel temple ruins in Egypt is completed, in order to make way for Lake Nasser. 1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia. 1975 Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate President Gerald Ford. 1979 The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test. 1980 Iraq invades Iran. 1985 The Farm Aid concert takes place in Champaign, Illinois. 1985 The Plaza Accord was signed in New York City. 1990 Start of the 1990 Asian Games, held in Beijing. 1991 The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time, by the Huntington Library. 1993 A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia. 1993 A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, killing 47 people. 1994 The first episode of Friends aired on NBC. 1995 The Nagercovil School Bombing is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force, killing at least 24 people, most of them ethnic Tamil children. 1997 Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers are killed. From 2001 2002 German Bundestag election: incumbent Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schröder narrowly defeats Edmund Stoiber. 2003 David Hempleman-Adams becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open-air, wicker-basket hot air balloon. 2013 A bomb attack on a church in Peshawar, Pakistan, kills at least 70 people. 2013 Angela Merkel is elected to a third term as Chancellor of Germany, after the CDU/CSU scored around 42%. Her coalition partners, the Free Democrats (FDP), are voted out of the Bundestag. 2014 Ewa Kopacz becomes Prime Minister of Poland, replacing Donald Tusk, who resigned to take up his post as President of the European Council. 2016 Yahoo! confirms that hackers entered its network in late 2014 and stole information connected to at least 500 million user accounts, in the largest data breach reported to date. Births Up to 1900 1515 Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII of England (d. 1557). 1547 Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590). 1552 Vasili IV of Russia (d. 1612). 1601 Anne of Austria, Queen Consort of Louis XIII of France (d. 1666). 1606 Li Zecheng, Chinese Emperor (d. 1645). 1694 Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman (d. 1773). 1715 Jean-Etienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786). 1717 Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (d. 1783). 1741 Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (d. 1811). 1762 Elizabeth Simcoe, English-Canadian painter and author (d. 1850). 1765 Paolo Ruffini, Italian mathematician (d. 1822). 1791 Michael Faraday, English scientist (d. 1867). 1829 Tu Duc, Vietnamese Emperor (d. 1883). 1835 Alexander Potebnja, Ukrainian philosopher and linguist (d. 1891). 1841 Andrejs Pumpurs, Latvian poet (d. 1902). 1842 Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918). 1863 Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician (d. 1943). 1868 Louise McKinney, Canadian politician and activist (d. 1931). 1870 Charlotte Cooper, British tennis player (d. 1966). 1870 Arthur Pryor, American trombone player, composer and bandleader (d. 1942). 1875 Mikolajus Konstantinas Ciurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911). 1876 André Tardieu, 97th Prime Minister of France (d. 1945). 1878 Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967). 1880 Christabel Pankhurst, British suffragette (d. 1958). 1882 Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946). 1885 Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951). 1885 Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect (d. 1940). 1885 Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1957). 1887 Bhaurao Patil, Indian educator and activist (d. 1959). 1891 Hans Albers, German actor and singer (d. 1960). 1892 Billy West, American actor (d. 1975). 1896 Uri Zvi Grinberg, Israeli poet and journalist (d. 1981). 1896 Henry Segrave, British racing driver (d. 1930). 1898 Katharine Alexander, American actress and singer (d. 1981). 1901 1950 1901 Charles B. Huggins, Canadian scientist (d. 1997). 1901 Nadezhda Alliluyeva, second wife of Joseph Stalin (d. 1932). 1902 John Houseman, Romanian-American actor and producer (d. 1988). 1902 José Quintero Parra, Venezuelan cardinal (d. 1984). 1904 Ellen Church, American flight attendant (d. 1965). 1905 Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (d. 2009). 1905 Eugen Saenger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964). 1906 Ilse Koch, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1967). 1912 Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003). 1918 Hans Scholl, German activist (d. 1943). 1918 Henryk Szeryng, Polish-Mexican violinist and composer (d. 1988). 1920 Eric Baker, English activist (d. 1976). 1922 David Sive, American attorney and environmentalist (d. 2014). 1922 Chen Ning Yang, Chinese physicist. 1923 Dannie Abse, Welsh poet (d. 2014). 1924 Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist (d. 2019). 1924 Charles Waterhouse, American painter, sculptor and illustrator (d. 2013). 1925 Virginia Capers, American actress and singer (d. 2001). 1927 Tommy Lasorda, American baseball player and manager. 1930 Joni James, American singer. 1930 Antonio Saura, Spanish artist (d. 1998). 1931 Ashokamitran, Indian writer (d. 2017). 1931 Fay Weldon, English feminist and writer. 1931 George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger, Scottish politician (d. 2003). 1932 Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (d. 2010). 1932 Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (d. 2009). 1933 Jesco von Puttkamer, German-American engineer (d. 2012). 1933 Leonardo Balada, Spanish-American composer. 1934 Ornella Vanoni, Italian actress and singer. 1939 Junko Tabei, Japanese mountaineer (d. 2016). 1940 Anna Karina, Danish actress and singer. 1941 Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Bulgarian soprano. 1941 Jeremiah Wright, American pastor. 1942 Candida Lycett Green, English writer (d. 2014). 1942 Wu Ma, Hong Kong actor, director, producer and writer (d. 2014) 1942 David Stern, American lawyer and NBA commissioner. 1943 Toni Basil, American singer. 1946 King Sunny Ade, Nigerian singer. 1948 Denis Burke, Australian politician, 6th Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. 1951 1975 1951 David Coverdale, English singer-songwriter. 1952 Sukhumbhand Paribatra, 15th Governor of Bangkok. 1952 Richard Fairbrass, English presenter, bassist and singer (Right Said Fred). 1953 Ségolène Royal, French politician. 1954 Shari Belafonte, American singer, actress and model. 1954 Randy Lanier, American racing driver. 1956 Debby Boone, American actress. 1957 Nick Cave, Australian musician. 1958 Eddy Planckaert, Belgian cyclist. 1958 Andrea Bocelli, Italian operatic tenor. 1958 Joan Jett, American rock singer. 1959 Saul Perlmutter, American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize winner. 1959 Tai Babilonia, American figure skater and talk show host. 1960 Scott Baio, American actor. 1961 Bonnie Hunt, American actress. 1961 Liam Fox, British politician. 1961 Catherine Oxenberg, American actress. 1962 Martin Crowe, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2016). 1965 Tony Drago, Maltese snooker player. 1965 Robert Satcher, American astronaut. 1965 Andrii Deschchytsia, Ukrainian politician and diplomat. 1965 Dan Rucatinsky, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. 1966 Ruth Jones, Welsh actress, producer and screenwriter. 1967 Rickard Rydell, Swedish racing driver. 1969 Sue Perkins, English comedienne. 1970 Rupert Penry-Jones, English actor. 1970 Emmanuel Petit, French footballer. 1971 Princess Martha-Louise of Norway, Princess of Norway. 1971 Chesney Hawkes, English singer. 1972 Marcus Campbell, Scottish snooker player. 1973 Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2014). 1975 Mireille Enos, American actress. From 1976 1976 Ronaldo, Brazilian footballer. 1976 Xiao Huang-Chi, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and Paralympic judoka. 1976 Martin Solveig, French DJ and music producer. 1976 Mo Collins, American football player (d. 2014). 1978 Harry Kewell, Australian footballer. 1979 Roberto Saviano, Italian journalist and writer. 1979 Emilie Autumn, American singer and musician. 1982 Kosuke Kitajima, Japanese swimmer. 1982 Billie Piper, English singer and actress. 1982 Maarten Stekelenburg, Dutch footballer. 1983 William Farquarson, English bass guitarist. 1984 Godfrey Gao, Taiwanese-Canadian model and actor (d. 2019). 1984 Ross Jarman, British musician. 1984 Thiago Silva, Brazilian footballer. 1984 Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress. 1985 Jamie Mackie, Scottish footballer. 1987 Tom Felton, English actor. 1987 Derick Brassard, Canadian ice hockey player. 1988 Bethany Dillon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist. 1989 Kim Hyo-yeon, South Korean singer (Girls' Generation) 1989 Sabine Lisicki, German tennis player. 1989 Coeur de pirate, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist. 1993 Chase Ellison, American actor. 1994 Jr., South Korean singer, dancer and actor 1996 Anthoine Hubert, French racing driver (d. 2019) 1999 Kim Yoo-jung, South Korean actress Deaths Up to 1900 530 Pope Felix IV 904 Emperor Zhaozong of Tong of China. 1072 Ouyang Xiu, Chinese statesman (b. 1007). 1253 Dogen Zenji, Japanese Zen Buddhist (b. 1200) 1253 (or September 23) Wenceslas I, King of Bohemia 1345 Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281) 1520 Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1465) 1539 Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469) 1554 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish explorer (b. c. 1510) 1566 Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494) 1607 Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (b. 1535) 1703 Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1622) 1774 Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705) 1776 Nathan Hale, American soldier (b. 1755) 1777 John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699) 1826 Johann Peter Hebel, German poet (b. 1760) 1828 Shaka Zulu, Zulu leader (b. c. 1787) 1848 James Dunlop, Scottish astronomer (b. 1793) 1852 William Tierney Clark, civil engineer (b. 1783) 1872 Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801) 1873 Friedrich Frey-Herosé, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1801) 1881 Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831) 1901 2000 1913 Ton That Thuyet, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1839) 1914 Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886). 1952 Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg, first President of Finland (b. 1865) 1956 Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877) 1957 Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885) 1961 Marion Davies, actress (b. 1897) 1967 Harald Quandt, German industrialist (b. 1921) 1969 Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico (b. 1909) 1973 Paul van Zeeland, Belgian economist and politician (b. 1893) 1981 Harry Warren, American composer and songwriter (b. 1893) 1985 Ernest Nagel, Czech-American philosopher (b. 1901) 1987 Dan Rowan, actor, comedian (b. 1922) 1987 Hakun Djurhuus, 4th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1908) 1989 Irving Berlin, American songwriter (b. 1888) 1993 Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903) 1994 Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (b. 1914). 1996 Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914) 1996 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime Minister of Algeria (b. 1927) 1999 George C. Scott, actor (b. 1927) 2000 Vincenzo Fagiolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1918) From 2001 2001 Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1920) 2003 Wolfgang Peters, German footballer (b. 1929) 2003 Gordon Jump, American television actor (b. 1932) 2003 Hugo Young, British journalist (b. 1938) 2007 Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (b. 1923) 2008 Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (b. 1963) 2010 Eddie Fisher, American singer (b. 1928) 2011 Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde (b. 1923) 2011 Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1924) 2013 Alvaro Mutis, Colombian writer (b. 1923) 2014 Sahana Pradhan, Nepalese politician (b. 1927). 2014 Flor Van Noppen, Belgian politician (b. 1956). 2014 Samira Salih al-Nuaimi, Iraqi lawyer and human rights activist (b. 1963). 2014 Hasse Wallman, Swedish entertainment executive, composer and film director (b. 1936). 2014 Skip E. Lowe, American talk show host (b. 1929). 2014 Erik van der Wurff, Dutch pianist and composer (b. 1945). 2014 Ben Webb, New Zealand artist (b. 1976). 2015 Yogi Berra, American baseball player, coach and manager (b. 1925). 2015 James David Santini, American politician (b. 1937). 2015 Richard G. Scott, American apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1928) 2015 Phyllis Tickle, American religious author (b. 1934) 2016 Kjell Albin Abrahamson, Swedish journalist and author (b. 1945) 2017 Paavo Lonkila, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1923) 2017 Mohammed Mahdi Akef, Egyptian religious and political leader, former Head of the Muslim Brotherhood (b. 1928) 2017 Börje Vestlund, Swedish politician (b. 1960) 2017 Dunc Fisher, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927) 2017 Shmuel Moreh, Iraqi-born Israel writer (b. 1932) 2018 Avi Duan, Israeli politician (b. 1955) 2018 Chas Hodges, English musician (b. 1943) 2018 Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (b. 1948) 2018 Al Matthews, American actor and singer (b. 1942) 2018 Edna Molewa, South African politician (b. 1957) 2018 Eric Yarrow, American businessman (b. 1920) 2019 Harry Joseph Flynn, American Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1933) 2019 Ivan Kizimov, Russian equestrian (b. 1928) 2019 J. Michael Mendel, American television producer (b. 1964) 2019 Tom Polanic, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1943) 2019 Sándor Sára, Hungarian cinematographer and film director (b. 1933) Observances Independence Day in Mali and Bulgaria September Equinox in some years (Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and Spring in the Southern Hemisphere) Car-free Day Days of the year

10060

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2023

September 23

Events Up to 1900 1338 Hundred Years' War: The Battle of Arnemuiden is fought, as the first naval battle. 1409 Battle of Kherlen: Second significant victory by the Mongols over Ming Dynasty China since 1368. 1459 Battle of Blore Heath: First major battle of the English Wars of the Roses. 1568 Spanish naval forces rout and English fleet under command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulua near Veracruz. 1641 The Merchant Royal, carrying treasure worth over a billion US Dollars, is lost at sea off Land's End, Cornwall. 1805 Napoleonic Wars: After the Austrians march into Bavaria, France declares war on Prussia. 1806 The Lewis and Clark expedition ends with the return to St. Louis, Missouri. 1821 Tripolitsa, Greece, falls and 30,000 Turks are massacred during the Greek War of Independence. 1845 Knickerbockers Baseball Club is founded in New York City. It is the first baseball team to play under modern rules. 1846 The planet Neptune is officially discovered. 1868 Grito de Lares, "Lares Revolt", occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule. 1875 Billy the Kid is arrested for the first time, for stealing clothes from a laundryman. 1889 Nintendo Koppai, later the Nintendo Company, is founded in Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi. 1901 2000 1905 Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad Treaty", peacefully ending their union. 1908 The University of Alberta is founded. 1909 The Phantom of the Opera, a novel by Gaston Leroux, is published as a series in the Le Gaulois newspaper. 1910 French-Peruvian pilot Geo Chavez becomes the first person to fly a plane across the Alps. 1913 Roland Garros becomes the first person to fly a plane across the Mediterranean Sea, doing so from San Raphael, France to Bizerte, Tunisia. 1932 The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed Saudi Arabia. 1938 Mobilisation of the Czech army in response to the Munich Crisis. 1939 Psychologist and key figure in Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud dies at the age of 83. 1941 Holocaust: The first gas chamber experiments take place at Auschwitz. 1943 The Nazi puppet state of the Italian Social Republic is founded. 1959 Iowa farmer and corn breeder Roswell Garst hosts Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 ends. 1972 Ferdinand Marcos announces the implementation of martial law over TV and radio in the Philippines. 1973 Chilean poet Pablo Neruda dies, 12 days after the coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power in Chile. 1973 Juan Perón retakes power in Argentina, but dies just over 9 months later. 1980 Bob Marley plays in his last live performance, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the UN. 1983 Gerrie Coetzee becomes the first African heavyweight boxing World champion. 1983 Gulf Air Flight 771 is bombed, killing all 117 people on board. 1989 Azerbaijan declares its sovereignty from the Soviet Union. 1993 The 2000 Summer Olympics are awarded to Sydney, Australia. 1999 NASA announces it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter. From 2001 2002 The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox (Phoenix 0.1) is released. 2004 Hurricane Jeanne reportedly kills 1,070 people in Haiti. 2008 The Kauhajoki Shooting occurs in Finland, as 10 people are shot dead. The gunman, Matti Saari, later turns the gun on himself. 2009 Major dust storms affect Eastern Australia, as people in Sydney wake up to find their city shrouded in red dust. 2017 New Zealand general election: The centre-right New Zealand National Party under Prime Minister Bill English becomes the largest party for the 4th term in-a-row. The New Zealand Labour Party under Jacinda Ardern performs a lot better than in the previous election. 2017 Iran announces a weapon-test, only a few days after a speech by US President Donald Trump in which he strongly criticised the country. 2019 British travel company Thomas Cook collapses. 2019 Russia joins the Paris Climate Agreement. 2019 Climate change activist Greta Thunberg speaks at a United Nations Climate summit. Births Up to 1800 480 BC Euripides, Greek playwright (d. 406 BC) 63 BC Augustus Caesar, Roman Emperor (d. 14) 1158 Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1186) 1161 Emperor Takamura of Japan (d. 1181) 1215 Kublai Khan, Mongol ruler (d. 1294) 1392 Filippo Maria Visconti, Italian regent (d. 1447) 1434 Yolande of Valois (d. 1478) 1495 Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti in Georgia (d. 1565) 1598 Eleonore Gonzaga, wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655) 1642 Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1678) 1647 Joseph Dudley, American statesman (d. 1720) 1713 King Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1759) 1740 Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813) 1759 Clothilde of France (d. 1802) 1771 Emperor Kokaku of Japan (d. 1840) 1778 Mariano Moreno, Argentine lawyer, journalist and politician (d. 1811) 1781 Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860) 1783 Peter von Cornelius, German painter (d. 1867) 1791 Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (d. 1865) 1801 1900 1819 Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (d. 1896) 1823 John Colton, English-Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (d. 1902) 1834 Aleksey Suvorin, Russian publisher, dramatist and theatre critic (d. 1912) 1838 Victoria Woodhull, American Women's rights activist (d. 1927) 1850 Alfred Boucher, French sculptor (d. 1934) 1852 William Stewart Halsted, American surgeon (d. 1922) 1853 Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1923) 1853 Konstantin Stoilov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. 1901) 1861 Robert Bosch, German industrialist, engineer and inventor (d. 1942) 1863 Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (d. 1954) 1864 Draga Masin, Queen Consort of Serbia (d. 1903) 1865 Emma Orczy, British novelist (d. 1947) 1865 Suzanne Valadon, French painter (d. 1938). 1876 Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli scholar (d. 1968) 1880 John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician (d. 1971) 1883 Grigory Zinoviev, Soviet politician (d. 1936) 1884 Eugene Talmadge, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1946) 1889 Walter Lippmann, American journalist (d. 1974) 1890 Friedrich Paulus, German general (d. 1957) 1892 Georgi Damyanov, Bulgarian politician (d. 1958) 1893 Aleksei Losev, Russian philosopher and philologist (d. 1988) 1895 Miron Merzhanov, Soviet architect (d. 1975) 1897 Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984) 1899 Tom C. Clark, 59th Attorney General of the United States (d. 1977) 1900 Bill Stone, British World War I veteran (d. 2009) 1901 1950 1901 Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer (d. 1986) 1902 Ion Gheorghe Maurer, Romanian jurist and Communist politician (d. 2000) 1902 Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (d. 2003) 1905 Tiny Bradshaw, American bandleader and musician (d. 1958) 1906 Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat (d. 1995) 1907 Albert Ammons, American pianist (d. 1949) 1907 Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese royal (d. 1976) 1907 Jarmila Novotna, Czech soprano and actress (d. 1994) 1908 Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian Hindi poet (d. 1974) 1911 Frank Moss, American politician (d. 2003) 1912 Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani critic and linguist (d. 2005) 1913 Tokutaro Ukon, Japanese footballer (d. 1944) 1913 Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter (d. 2007) 1914 Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986) 1915 Sergio Bertoni, Italian footballer (d. 1995) 1915 Clifford Shull, American physicist (d. 2001) 1916 Aldo Moro, Italian politician (d. 1978) 1917 Asima Chatterjee, Indian organic chemist (d. 2006) 1917 Santo, Mexican masked professional wrestler and actor (d. 1984) 1917 Imre Németh, Hungarian hammer thrower (d. 1989) 1918 Salvatore Pappalardo, Italian cardinal (d. 2006) 1920 Alexander Arutunian, Armenian composer (d. 2012) 1920 Mickey Rooney, American actor (d. 2014) 1920 Ovadia Yosef, Israeli rabbi (d. 2013) 1922 Louise Latham, American actress (d. 2018) 1923 Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (d. 2019) 1923 Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (d. 2016) 1923 Margaret Pellegrini, American actress (d. 2013) 1924 Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan editor and journalist (d. 1978) 1924 Jean Piat, French actor (d. 2018) 1925 Angelo Acerbi, Italian Roman Catholic archbishop 1925 George J. Laurer, American inventor 1926 John Coltrane, American jazz musician (d. 1967) 1926 André Cassagnes, French toymaker (d. 2013) 1927 Mighty Joe Young, American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 1999) 1928 Hollie Pihl, American judge (d. 2018) 1930 Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2004) 1930 Colin Blakely, British actor (d. 1987) 1930 Albert Manent, Spanish writer (d. 2014) 1934 Franc Rodé, Slovenian cardinal 1934 Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan 1934 Per-Olov Enquist, Swedish author 1936 Valentín Paniagua, former President of Peru (d. 2006) 1937 Martin Litchfield West, British philologist (d. 2015) 1938 Romy Schneider, German-born actress (d. 1982) 1939 Roy Buchanan, American guitarist (d. 1988) 1939 Henry Blofeld, English cricket journalist 1940 Tim Rose, American-born English musician (d. 2002) 1940 Michel Temer, President and 25th Vice president of Brazil 1940 Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, Iranian musician and songwriter 1941 Norma Winstone, English singer and lyricist 1941 Luis Durnwalder, Italian politician 1942 Sila María Calderón, 7th Governor of Puerto Rico 1943 Julio Iglesias, Spanish singer 1943 Tanuja, Indian actress 1943 Lino Oviedo, Paraguayan general and politician (d. 2013) 1945 Igor Ivanov, Russian politician 1945 Ron Bushy, American drummer (Iron Butterfly) 1946 Bernard Maris, French economist, writer and journalist (d. 2015) 1947 Jerzy Popieluszko, Polish priest (d. 1984) 1947 Mary Kay Place, American actress and singer 1949 Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and musician 1949 Floella Benjamin, British actress, author, television presenter and politician 1950 Dietmar Lorenz, German judoka 1951 1975 1952 Mark Bego, American author 1953 Nicholas Witchell, English journalist 1954 Cherie Blair, English lawyer, wife of Tony Blair 1956 Paolo Rossi, Italian footballer 1956 Andoni Goikoetxea, Basque-Spanish footballer 1957 Emilia Contessa, Indonesian actress and singer 1957 Rosalind Chow, American actress 1957 Fergus Ewing, Scottish footballer 1958 Larry Mize, golfer 1959 Fernando Romay, Spanish basketball player 1959 Jason Alexander, American actor, director and producer 1959 Elizabeth Peña, American actress (d. 2014) 1961 William McCool, American astronaut (d. 2003) 1962 Deborah Orr, Scottish journalist 1963 Alex Proyas, Australian director and producer 1964 Clayton Blackmore, Welsh footballer 1964 Larry Krystkowiak, American basketball player 1965 Aleqa Hammond, former Prime Minister of Greenland 1967 Masashi Nakayama, Japanese footballer 1968 Yvette Fielding, British actress and producer 1968 Adam Price, Welsh politician 1968 Erik Weihenmayer, American athlete, adventurer and author 1970 Lucia Ciffarelli, American singer-songwriter and pianist 1970 Ani DiFranco, American singer 1971 Sean Spicer, former White House Press Secretary 1972 Karl Pilkington, English radio personality 1973 Jermaine Dupri, American hip hop musician 1973 Toshihiro Hattori, Japanese footballer 1973 Artim Sakiri, Macedonian footballer 1974 Matt Hardy, American professional wrestler 1975 Chris Hawkins, English journalist From 1976 1976 Homaro Cantu, American chef and inventor (d. 2015) 1977 Rachael Yamagata, American singer 1977 Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer (d. 2008) 1979 Ricky Davis, American basketball player 1979 Fábio Simplício, Brazilian footballer 1981 Natalie Horler, German singer (Cascada) 1981 Helen Richardson-Walsh, English field hockey player 1983 Leinier Dominguez, Cuban chess player 1984 Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American actress 1984 Kate French, American actress 1985 Hossein Kaebi, Iranian footballer 1986 Maki Goto, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress 1986 Martin Cranie, English footballer 1986 Gina-Lisa Lohfink, German model and television personality 1987 Skylar Astin, American actor and singer 1987 Yu Kobayashi, Japanese footballer 1988 Juan Martín del Potro, Argentine tennis player 1988 Shannon Chan-Kent, Canadian actress and singer 1989 Brandon Jennings, American basketball player 1991 Lee Alexander, Scottish footballer 1991 Key, South Korean singer and actor 1991 Melanie Oudin, American tennis player 1992 Finn Russell, Scottish rugby union player 1994 Yerry Mina, Colombian footballer 1996 Lee Hi, South Korean singer Deaths Up to 1900 76 Pope Linus 1241 Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (b. 1179) 1386 Dan I of Wallachia (b. 1354) 1390 John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346) 1535 Catherine of Saxe-Lauenberg (b. 1513) 1657 Joachim Jung, German philosopher and mathematician (b. 1587) 1738 Herman Boerhaeve, Dutch humanist and physician (b. 1668) 1773 Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and naturalist (b. 1718) 1789 John Rogers, American Congressman (b. 1723) 1816 Alessandro Verri, Italian writer (b. 1741) 1830 Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768) 1835 Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801) 1836 Maria Malibran, French mezzo soprano (b. 1808) 1844 Alexander von Benckendorff, Russian general and statesman (b. 1783) 1850 José Artigas, Uruguayan national hero (b. 1764) 1870 Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803) 1877 Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician (b. 1811) 1882 Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (b. 1800) 1889 Wilkie Collins, English author and playwright (b. 1824) 1896 Ivar Aasen, Norwegian poet and linguist (b. 1813) 1901 2000 1917 Werner Voss, German World War I pilot (b. 1897) 1929 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian chemist (b. 1865) 1939 Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychologist (b. 1856) 1943 Salvo D'Acquisto, Italian military officer (b. 1920) 1943 Ernst Trygger, Swedish politician (b. 1857) 1944 Jakob Schaffner, Swiss author (b. 1875) 1950 Sam Barry, American basketball player and coach (b. 1892) 1968 Padre Pio, Italian priest (b. 1887) 1970 Bourvil, French actor (b. 1917) 1971 Billy Gilbert, American actor (b. 1894) 1971 James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician (b. 1888) 1973 Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet (b. 1904) 1973 A. S. Neill, Scottish educator (b. 1883) 1974 Cliff Arquette, American actor (b. 1905) 1987 Bob Fosse, American choreographer (b. 1927) 1988 Tibor Sekelj, Yugoslavian explorer (b. 1912) 1992 James Van Fleet, American general (b. 1892) 1994 Jerry Barber, American golfer (b. 1916) 1994 Robert Bloch, American writer (b. 1917) 1994 Madeleine Renaud, French actress (b. 1900) 1998 Ray Bowden, English footballer (b. 1909) 1999 Ivan Goff, Australian-American screenwriter and producer (b. 1910) From 2001 2003 Shawn Lane, American musician (b. 1963) 2006 Malcolm Arnold, British composer (b. 1921) 2006 Etta Baker, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1913) 2006 Tim Rooney, American actor (b. 1947) 2009 Ertugrul Osman, head of the Ottoman dynasty (b. 1912) 2012 Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (b. 1966) 2012 Pavel Grachev, Russian general (b. 1948) 2013 Vlatko Markovic, Croatian footballer (b. 1937) 2014 Al Suomi, American ice hockey player (b. 1913) 2014 Gilles Latulippe, Canadian comedian, actor and theatre manager (b. 1937) 2014 Henryk Glücklich, Polish speedway rider (b. 1945) 2015 Mike Gibson, Australian sports journalist and broadcaster (b. 1940) 2015 Dragan Holcer, Croatian footballer (b. 1945) 2015 Denis Sonet, French priest (b. 1926) 2017 Charles Bradley, American singer (b. 1948) 2017 Elizabeth D. Phillips, American educator and academic administrator (b. 1945) 2017 Samuel H. Young, American politician (b. 1922) 2018 Charles K. Kao, Chinese-born electrical engineer (b. 1933) 2018 Gary Kurtz, American film producer (b. 1940) 2019 Al Alvarez, English poet and writer (b. 1929) 2019 Madhav Apte, Indian cricketer (b. 1932) 2019 Elaine Feinstein, English poet and novelist (b. 1930) 2019 Robert Hunter, American songwriter, poet and guitarist (b. 1941) 2019 Curt Wittlin, Swiss philologist (b. 1941) Observances Feast of Saint Pio Celebrate Bisexuality Day National holiday of Saudi Arabia September Equinox in some years (Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, and Spring in the Southern Hemisphere) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2024

September 24

Events Up to 1900 622 – The Prophet Muhammad completes his Hijra (pilgrimage) from Mecca to Medina. 1180 - Manuel I Komnenos, the last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration, dies. This leads to an irreversible decline of the Byzantine Empire. 1645 - English Civil War: Battle of Rowton Heath - Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles I of England. 1664 – The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam (New York) to England. 1780 - Benedict Arnold flees to British Army lines when the arrest of British major John Andre exposes Arnold's plan to surrender West Point. 1789 - United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of United States Attorney General and the Federal Judiciary System, also ordering the composition of the United States Supreme Court. 1830 - Belgian Revolution: A revolutionary committee of notables from the Provisional Government of Belgium. 1841 - The Sultan of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom. 1846 - Mexican-American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey, Mexico. 1852 - The first airship powered by a steam engine, created by Henri Giffard, travels 17 miles (27 kilometres) from Paris to Trappes. 1853 - France takes control of New Caledonia. 1856 - The paddle steamer Niagara sinks on Lake Michigan, near Port Washington, Wisconsin, killing over 60 people. 1869 – The Black Friday crisis occurs in the United States, in relation to gold prices. 1877 - Battle of Shiroyama: Decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese over the Satsuma Rebellion. 1901 2000 1906 – Devils Tower in Wyoming becomes the first National Monument in the United States. 1932 - Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables). 1946 - Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong. 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded. 1950 - Forest fires black out the Sun over parts of Canada and New England. 1957 – The Camp Nou football (soccer) stadium opens in Barcelona, Spain. 1957 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce desegregation. 1962 - The United States Court of Appeals orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith. 1968 – Swaziland joins the UN. 1968 - The TV program 60 Minutes is first broadcast on CBS. 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares independence from Portugal. 1979 - Compu-Serve launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first electronic mail service. 1988 – The National League for Democracy is founded by Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma. 1988 - 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul: Canada's Ben Johnson wins the Men's 100 metres race over Carl Lewis, smashing the world record. However, Johnson fails a drug test shortly after, leading to a major scandal. 1990 - The Periodic Great White Spot is observed on Saturn. 1991 - Nirvana's Nevermind album is released in the US. 1993 – The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as King. 1996 – Bill Clinton signs the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty at the UN. From 2001 2005 – Hurricane Rita strikes land near the Texas–Louisiana border. 2007 - 30,000 to 100,000 people protest in Rangoon against Burma's ruling military junta. 2007 - The sitcom The Big Bang Theory is first broadcast. 2009 - The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, with over 30 global leaders attending. 2013 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing over 300 people. It also creates a small island off the south coast. 2014 - The Mars Orbiter Mission, a Mars orbiter launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation, successfully enters into orbit around the planet Mars. 2015 - At least 717 people are crushed to death and 863 wounded in a stampede at the Hajj pilgrimage near Mecca, Saudi Arabia. 2015 - Pope Francis becomes the first Pope to speak in front of the United States Congress. 2016 - Jeremy Corbyn defeats a challenge from Owen Smith to his leadership of the British Labour Party. 2016 - The National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC is officially opened by Barack Obama. 2017 - German federal election, 2017: Angela Merkel's alliance of the CDU and CSU remains the strongest faction in the Bundestag but with a much-reduced vote share at 33%. The Social Democrats return their worst result ever at 21%; the Free Democrats return to the Bundestag, while the far-right Alternative for Germany party, at 13%, is represented there for the first time. 2019 - The United Kingdom's supreme court rules that Prime Minister Boris Johnson's suspension of parliament was unlawful, thereby declaring the suspension to be null and void. 2019 - Spain's supreme court rules that the remains of General Francisco Franco should be removed from the Valley of the Fallen in the central area of the country. 2019 - An impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump is launched by the US Democrats over a phone call in which he is said to have pressured Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to launch an investigation on Presidential candidate Joe Biden's son. Births Up to 1800 15 – Vitellius, Roman Emperor (died 69) 1301 – Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (died 1372) 1473 - Georg von Frundsberg, German soldier (died 1528) 1501 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician (died 1576) 1534 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (died 1581) 1564 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (died 1620) 1583 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (died 1634) 1599 - Adam Olearius, German writer and diplomat (died 1671) 1625 – Johan de Witt, Dutch politician (died 1672) 1667 - Jean-Louis Lully, French musician and composer (died 1688) 1705 – Count Leopold Josef von Daun, Austrian field marshal (died 1766) 1714 - Alaungpaya, King of Burma (died 1760) 1717 – Horace Walpole, British novelist and politician (died 1797) 1724 – Sir Arthur Guinness, Irish brewer (died 1803) 1739 – Grigory Potyomkin, Russian field marshal (died 1791) 1755 – John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States (died 1835) 1763 - Ezra Butler, 11th Governor of Vermont (died 1838) 1796 - Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (died 1875) 1801 1900 1801 – Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian scientist (died 1862) 1802 – Adolphe d'Archiac, French paleontologist and geologist (died 1868) 1817 – Ramon de Campoamor y Campoosorio, Spanish poet and philosopher (died 1901) 1836 - Pablo Arosemena Alba, 5th President of Panama (died 1920) 1851 - Federico Boyd, 4th President of Panama (died 1924) 1852 - Elizabeth Maria Molteno, South African women's rights activist (died 1927) 1857 – Richard Mansfield, German-born actor (died 1907) 1858 - Eugene Foss, 45th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1939) 1859 - S. R. Crockett, Scottish novelist (died 1914) 1861 - Walter Simons, German politician and jurist (died 1937) 1870 - Georges Claude, French chemist and engineer (died 1960) 1871 – Lottie Dod, English tennis player (died 1960) 1872 - Jaan Teemant, Estonian lawyer and politician (died 1941) 1878 – C. F. Ramuz, Swiss writer (died 1947) 1880 – Sarah Knauss, American supercentenarian (died 1999) 1882 - Max Decugis, French tennis player (died 1978) 1883 - Franklin Clarence Mars, American businessman (died 1934) 1883 - Lawson Robertson, Scottish-American high jumper (died 1951) 1884 – Ismet Inönü, second President of Turkey (died 1973) 1884 – Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (died 1953) 1885 - Artur Lemba, Estonian pianist, composer and educator (died 1963) 1886 - Roberto Maria Ortiz, President of Argentine (died 1942) 1887 - Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, Scottish politician and colonial administrator (died 1952) 1890 – A. P. Herbert, British humorist, barrister, novelist (died 1971) 1890 - Mike Gonzalez, Cuban baseball player, coach and manager (died 1977) 1892 - Adélard Godbout, 15th Premier of Quebec (died 1956) 1894 – Tommy Armour, Scottish-American golfer (died 1968) 1894 - Billy Bletcher, American actor, singer and screenwriter (died 1979) 1895 – André Frédéric Cournand, French born physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1988) 1896 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist (d. 1940) 1898 – Howard Walter Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1945 (died 1968) 1898 - Charlotte Moore Sitterly, American astronomer (died 1990) 1899 – Sir William Dobell, Australian portrait artist (died 1970) 1901 1950 1902 - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (died 1989) 1905 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish–born biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1993) 1908 - Saizo Saito, Japanese footballer (died 2004) 1909 – Gerard Ciołek, Polish architect and historian of gardens (died 1966) 1910 - Jean Servais, Belgian actor (died 1976) 1911 – Konstantin Chernenko, Soviet premier (died 1985) 1911 - Jimmy Smith, Scottish footballer (died 2005) 1912 – Don Porter, American actor (died 1997) 1913 - Herb Jeffries, American singer and actor (died 2014) 1914 – John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (died 1991) 1914 - Andrzej Panufnik, Polish composer, pianist and conductor (died 1991) 1917 - Otto Günsche, German SS officer (died 2003) 1918 – Audra Lindley, American actress (died 1997) 1919 – Dayton Allen, American actor and comedian (died 2004) 1921 - Sheila MacRae, English-American actress, singer and dancer (died 2004) 1922 - Bert I. Gordon, American director, producer and screenwriter 1923 – Louis Edmonds, American actor (died 2001) 1924 - Hidemaro Watanabe, Japanese footballer (died 2011) 1924 - Nina Bocharova, Ukrainian gymnast 1924 – Theresa Merritt, American actress (died 1998) 1925 - Geoffrey Burbidge, English astronomer (died 2010) 1925 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian medical scientist (died 2004) 1928 - René Lavand, Argentine illusionist (died 2015) 1930 – John Young, American astronaut (died 2018) 1931 - Gilberto Aceves Navarro, Mexican artist (died 2019) 1931 – Anthony Newley, British actor and singer (died 1999) 1931 - Tom Adams, Prime Minister of Barbados (d. 1985) 1931 - Elizabeth Blackadder, Scottish painter 1931 - Brian Glanville, English author 1931 - Leopoldo Verona, Argentine actor (died 2014) 1932 - Miguel Montuori, Italian-Argentine footballer (died 1998) 1933 - Raffaele Farina, Italian cardinal 1934 – Manfred Wörner, German politician and diplomat (died 1994) 1934 - John-Roger Hinkins, American author, public speaker and religious leader (died 2014) 1934 - Donald Wrye, American director, actor and screenwriter (died 2015) 1936 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer (died 1990) 1939 - Wayne Henderson, American musician (died 2014) 1939 - Moti Kirschenbaum, Israeli television personality (died 2015) 1941 – Linda McCartney, American singer and activist (died 1998) 1942 – Ilkka "Danny" Lipsanen, Finnish singer 1942 – Gerry Marsden, English singer (Gerry and the Pacemakers) 1943 - Antonio Tabucchi, Italian writer (died 2012) 1945 - John Rutter, English composer 1945 – Lou Dobbs, American journalist 1946 – "Mean" Joe Greene, American football player 1946 – Lars Emil Johansen, former Prime Minister of Greenland 1948 – Gordon Clapp, American actor 1948 – Phil Hartman, Canadian actor (died 1998) 1949 – Pedro Almodóvar, Spanish movie director 1950 - Alan Colmes, American talk show host 1950 - Mohinder Amarnath, Indian cricketer, coach and sportscaster 1950 - Harriet Walter, English actress 1951 1975 1952 – Mark Sandman, American musician (died 1999) 1954 – Patrick Kelly, American fashion designer (died 1990) 1954 - Helen Lederer, English comedienne, writer and actress 1954 – Marco Tardelli, Italian footballer 1955 – Riccardo Illy, Italian politician 1955 - Sophie Dessus, French politician (died 2016) 1956 – Hubie Brooks, American baseball player 1956 - Ilona Slupianek, German athlete 1957 - Wolfgang Wolf, German footballer and manager 1957 - Brad Bird, American director, screenwriter, animator, producer and writer 1958 - Murdo MacLeod, Scottish footballer 1958 – Kevin Sorbo, American actor 1959 - Theo Paphitis, Cypriot-British businessman 1959 – Steve Whitmire, American voice actor 1961 - Fiona Corke, Australian actress 1961 - Jack Dee, English comedian 1961 - Luc Picard, Canadian actor, director and screenwriter 1962 – Nia Vardalos, Canadian actress, writer, and comedienne 1962 – Mike Phelan, English footballer 1962 – Ally McCoist, Scottish footballer 1964 - J. Michael Mendel, American television producer (died 2019) 1964 - Osamu Taninaka, Japanese footballer 1964 – Rafael Palmeiro, Cuban-born baseball player 1966 – Michael J. Varhola, American writer, editor, publisher, and game designer. 1966 - Stefan Molyneux, Irish-Canadian blogger and author 1968 - Michael Obiku, Nigerian footballer 1969 – Shawn Crahan, American musician (Slipknot) 1969 – Donald DeGrate, Jr., American music producer 1969 - Goya Toledo, Spanish actress 1970 – Karen Forkel, German athlete 1970 - Gary McSwegan, Scottish footballer 1971 - Craig Burley, Scottish footballer 1972 - Pierre Amine Gemayel, Lebanese politician 1972 - Kate Fleetwood, English actress 1974 - Kati Wolf, Hungarian singer From 1976 1976 – Stephanie McMahon, American business person and writer (World Wrestling Entertainment) 1978 – Wietse van Alten, Dutch archer 1979 – Casey Johnson, American socialite and heiress (died 2010) 1980 – Petri Pasanen, Finnish footballer 1980 – John Arne Riise, Norwegian footballer 1980 - Victoria Pendleton, British cyclist 1981 - Drew Gooden, American basketball player 1982 – Morgan Hamm, American gymnast 1982 – Paul Hamm, American gymnast 1982 - Cristian Daniel Ledesma, Argentine-Italian footballer 1985 - Eleanor Catton, Canadian-New Zealand writer 1985 – Jessica Lucas, Canadian actress 1986 - Leah Dizon, American-Japanese singer and model 1987 - Spencer Treat Clark, American actor 1987 - Gürhan Gürsoy, Turkish footballer 1988 - Birgit Oigemeel, Estonian singer 1988 – Kyle Sullivan, American actor 1989 - Pia Wurtzbach, German-Filipina actress and model 1991 - Oriol Romeu, Spanish footballer 1992 - Jack Sock, American tennis player 1997 - Tosin Adarabioyo, English footballer Deaths Up to 1900 366 - Pope Liberius (b. 352) 768 – Pippin the Younger, King of the Franks (b. 714) 1054 - Hermann von Reichenau, German scholar, mathematician and astronomer (b. 1013) 1120 - Welf II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1072) 1143 - Agnes of Germany (b. 1072) 1143 - Pope Innocent I 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1118) 1435 - Isabeau of Bavaria (b. 1370) 1494 – Poliziano, Italian humanist (b. 1454) 1522 - Tupac Amaru I, Incan ruler 1541 – Paracelsus, Swiss physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer and general occultist (b. 1493) 1732 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (b. 1654) 1742 - Johann Matthias Hase, German mathematician, astronomer and cartographer (b. 1684) 1802 – Alexander Radishchev, Russian philosopher and writer (b. 1749) 1834 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798) 1877 – Saigo Takamori, Japanese samurai (b. 1828) 1889 - Daniel Harvey Hill, American Confederate general (b. 1821) 1889 - Charles Leroux, American balloonist (b. 1896) 1896 – Louis Gerard De Geer, first Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1818) 1901 2000 1904 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish doctor, won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1860) 1920 - Peter Carl Faberge, Russian jeweler (b. 1846) 1929 – Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Thailand (b. 1892) 1930 - William A. MacCorkle, 9th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857) 1939 - Carl Laemmle, German-American film producer (b. 1867) 1945 - Hans Geiger, German physicist (b. 1882) 1950 - Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1863) 1969 – Warren McCulloch, American neuropsychologist (b. 1898) 1973 - Josue de Castro, Brazilian physician, geographer and activist (b. 1908) 1978 - Hasso von Manteuffel, German general and politician (b. 1897) 1980 - Theodor Luts, Estonian-Brazilian director, producer and cinematographer (b. 1896) 1981 - Patsy Kelly, American actress and singer (b. 1910) 1982 - Sarah Churchill, English actress (b. 1914) 1991 – Dr. Seuss, American writer (b. 1904) 1991 - Peter Bellamy, English singer-songwriter (b. 1944) 1993 - Ian Stuart Donaldson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1957) 1993 - Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist (b. 1913) 1994 - Cheb Hasni, Algerian singer (b. 1968) From 2001 2002 - Tim Rose, American-born English musician (b. 1940) 2004 - Françoise Sagan, French writer (b. 1935) 2005 - Tommy Bond, American actor (b. 1926) 2008 - Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (b. 1918) 2009 – Nelly Arcan, Canadian novelist (b. 1975) 2009 – Susan Atkins, American murderer (b. 1948) 2010 – Gennady Yanayev, Soviet politician (b. 1937) 2014 - Greg Mackey, Australian rugby league player (b. 1961) 2014 - Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, English Duchess and last-surviving of the Mitford sisters (b. 1920) 2014 - Christopher Hogwood, English conductor (b. 1941) 2014 - Karl Miller, British literary editor (b. 1931) 2014 - Carlotta Ikeda, Japanese dancer (b. 1941) 2014 - Stephen Sykes, English bishop (b. 1939) 2015 - Ellis Kaut, German author (b. 1920) 2016 - Vladimir Kuzmichyov, Russian footballer (b. 1979) 2016 - Bill Nunn, American actor (b. 1953) 2016 - Bill Mollison, Australian author, physicist and biologist (b. 1928) 2016 - Buckwheat Zydeco, American musician (b. 1947) 2017 - Valery Asapov, Russian army general (b. 1966) 2017 - Washington Benavides, Uruguayan poet, professor and musician (b. 1930) 2017 - Gisèle Casadesus, French actress (b. 1914) 2017 - Joseph M. McDade, American politician (b. 1931) 2017 - Kito Lorenc, German writer and poet (b. 1938) 2017 - Carlos Vidal Layseca, Peruvian physician and politician (b. 1931) 2018 - Norm Breyfogle, American comic book artist (b. 1960) 2018 - Jim Brogan, Scottish footballer (b. 1944) 2018 - José María Hurtado Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean politician (b. 1945) 2018 - Ivar Martinsen, Norwegian speed skater (b. 1920) 2018 - Tommy McDonald, American football player (b. 1934) 2019 - Donald L. Tucker, American politician (b. 1935) Observances Independence Day in Guinea-Bissau Heritage Day in South Africa Mahidol Day in Thailand New Caledonia Day Republic Day in Trinidad and Tobago Armed Forces Day (Peru) Days of the year

10062

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2012

September 12

Events Up to 1900 1185 Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos is brutally put to death in Constantinople. 1309 First Siege of Gibraltar during the Spanish Reconquista. 1556 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor gives up the throne for his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. 1609 Henry Hudson explores the Hudson River. 1683 Battle of Kahlenberg: Forces of John III Sobieski of Poland surprise Ottoman Empire forces under Kara Mustafa, defeating them decisively. 1689 Tsar Peter I of Russia assumes absolute power. 1814 War of 1812: Battle of North Point - An American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore, Maryland. 1847 Mexican-American War: The Battle of Chapultepec begins. 1848 Switzerland becomes a federal state. 1857 The ship SS America sinks about 160 miles off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with 426 people drowning. It was carrying gold from the California Gold Rush 1861 American Civil War: Battle of Cheat Pike in Virginia. 1885 Arbroath F.C. 36-0 Bon Accord: This scoreline in Scotland is the highest-recorded in professional football. 1890 Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) is founded. 1901 2000 1905 Japanese battleship Mikasa sinks after a munitions explosion. Out of the 935 men on board, 256 are killed and 343 injured. 1905 Copenhagen town hall is inaugurated in Denmark. 1906 Newport Transporter Bridge is opened in Newport, south Wales. 1910 First performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony Number 8, in Munich. 1918 British passenger ship Galway Castle is torpedoed by a German U-boat off Land's End, Cornwall, England, killing 143 people. 1920 The 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp begins. 1928 A hurricane in Guadeloupe kills 1,200 people. 1933 Leó Szilárd has the idea of a nuclear chain reaction. 1940 World-famous cave paintings are discovered in the Lascaux in southern France. 1940 An explosion at the Hercules Powder Company plant in Kenil, New Jersey kills 51 and injures over 200. 1942 World War II: RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian POWs, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa, with a heavy loss of life. 1942 World War II: First Day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal Campaign. US Marines protecting Henderson Field in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, are attacked by Imperial Japanese forces. 1943 World War II: Benito Mussolini is rescued from house arrest on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzi, led by German commandos under Otto Skorzeny. 1944 World War II: American troops enter Germany near Trier. 1948 Invasion of the State of Hyderabad by the Indian army on the day after the death of Pakistan's leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah. 1949 Theodor Heuss becomes the 1st President of the Federal Republic of Germany. 1953 John F. Kennedy marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in Newport, Rhode Island. 1958 Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit. 1959 Showing of the first episode of Bonanza, first regularly scheduled television programme presented in colour. 1959 The Soviet Union launches the Lunik II rocket. 1959 Heinrich Lübke becomes the 2nd President of the Federal Republic of Germany. 1961 The African and Malagasy Union is founded. 1964 The Canyonlands National Park in Utah is created. 1966 Gemini 11, of NASA's Gemini program, is launched. 1970 Palestinian terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in Jordan. Passengers are held at secret locations in the capital city, Amman. 1974 Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I is deposed in a military coup. 1977 Anti-Apartheid activist Steve Biko dies in police custody. 1979 Indonesia is struck by a magnitude 8.1 earthquake. 1980 A military coup occurs in Turkey. 1988 Hurricane Gilbert hits Jamaica. 1990 The Faroe Islands national football team scores a surprise 1-0 win over the Austria national football team. The Faroese players are celebrated as heroes after their return home from the match. 1990 East Germany's national football team plays its last-ever match, winning 2-0 against the Belgium national football team. 1992 NASA's Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on the STS-47 mission. On board are Mae Carol Jemison (first African American woman in space), Mamoru Mohri (first Japanese citizen on a US spaceship), and Mark Lee and Jan Davis (first married couple in space). 1992 Shining Path leader Abimael Guzman is arrested in Peru, by special forces. 1994 Frank Eugene Corder crashes a single-engine Cessna 150 light aircraft into the West Wing of the White House in Washington, DC, killing himself. 1999 Indonesia announces it will allow international peacekeepers into East Timor. From 2001 2003 The UN lifts sanctions against Libya. 2003 US Forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers in Fallujah. 2005 Hong Kong Disneyland opens. 2007 Former President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada is convicted of plunder. 2008 The Chatsworth train collision occurs in Los Angeles, California, between a Metrolink commerce train and a Union Pacific Freight train, killing 25 people. 2011 About 100 people are killed by an oil pipeline explosion in Nairobi, Kenya. 2011 Russian ice hockey player Alexander Galimov dies, as the 44th, and final, victim of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash, which occurred on September 7. The whole team was killed. 2015 Jeremy Corbyn is elected leader of the British Labour Party. 2015 An explosion in Petlawad in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh kills at least 105 people. 2018 The European Parliament votes by a two-thirds majority to trigger possible sanctions (punishments) against the government of Hungary, over issues of democracy, human rights, judicial freedom and journalistic freedom. Births Up to 1900 1492 Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (d. 1519) 1494 King Francis I of France (d. 1547) 1575 Henry Hudson, English explorer (d. 1611) 1605 William Dugdale, English antiquarian (d. 1686) 1649 Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Italian cardinal (d. 1713) 1652 Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental (d. 1697) 1688 Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731) 1690 Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (d. 1775) 1725 Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (d. 1792) 1736 Hsinbyushin, King of Burma (d. 1776) 1740 Johann Heinrich Jung, German writer (d. 1817) 1759 Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian politician (d. 1838) 1768 Benjamin Carr, American composer, singer, teacher and publisher (d. 1831) 1800 Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant, French chess player (d. 1872) 1812 Richard Hoe, American inventor and industrialist (d. 1886) 1818 Richard Gatling, American weapons inventor (d. 1903) 1818 Theodor Kullak, German pianist and composer (d. 1915) 1829 Anselm Feuerbach, German painter (d. 1880) 1830 William Sprague, 72nd Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1915) 1837 Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (d. 1892) 1838 Arthur Auwers, German astronomer (d. 1915) 1852 H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1928) 1855 William Sharp, Scottish writer (d. 1905) 1855 Simon-Napoleon Parent, 12th Premier of Quebec (d. 1920) 1857 Manuel Espinosa Batista, Panamanian politician and businessman (d. 1919) 1857 George Hendrik Breitner, Dutch painter (d. 1923) 1865 Sophus Claussen, Danish writer (d. 1931) 1866 Freeman Freeman-Thompson, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, 13th Governor General of Canada (d. 1941) 1875 Matsunosuke Onoe, Japanese actor (d. 1926) 1880 H. L. Mencken, American journalist and writer (d. 1956) 1885 Heinrich Hoffmann, German photographer (d. 1957) 1887 Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, Azerbaijani writer and statesman (d. 1943) 1888 Maurice Chevalier, French singer and actor (d. 1972) 1889 Ugo Pasquale Mifsud, 3rd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1942) 1891 Don Pedro Albizu Campos, advocate for Puerto Rican independence (d. 1965) 1891 Fred Kelly, American athlete (d. 1974) 1891 Arthur Hays Sulzberger, American publisher (d. 1968) 1892 Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (d. 1984) 1894 Friedrich Ebert, Jr., German politician (d. 1979) 1894 Billy Gilbert, American actor and composer (d. 1971) 1897 Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1956) 1898 Salvador Bacarisse, Spanish composer (d. 1963) 1901 1950 1901 Ben Blue, Canadian actor and comedian (d. 1975) 1901 Shmuel Horowitz, Russian-Israeli agronomist (d. 1999) 1902 Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, President of Brazil (d. 1976) 1904 Gavriil Popov, Russian composer (d. 1972) 1904 Istvan Horthy, Hungarian admiral (d. 1942) 1907 Roger Bonvin, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1982) 1912 Frances Lennon, English artist (d. 2015) 1913 Jesse Owens, American athlete, four-time Olympic champion (d. 1980) 1913 Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist (d. 2013) 1914 Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999) 1915 Frank McGee, American journalist (d. 1974) 1916 Tony Bettenhausen, American race car driver (d. 1961) 1921 Stanislaw Lem, Polish writer (d. 2006) 1922 Antonio Cafiero, Argentine politician (d. 2014) 1924 Amilcar Cabral, Cape Verdean-Guinea-Bissauan politician (d. 1973) 1925 Stan Lopata, American baseball player (d. 2013) 1925 Dickie Moore, American actor (d. 2015) 1927 Mathé Altéry, French soprano and actress 1928 Ernie Vandeweghe, American basketball player (d. 2014) 1930 Gunder Gundersen, Norwegian skier (d. 2005) 1930 Akira Suzuki, Japanese chemist 1931 Sir Ian Holm, English actor 1931 George Jones, American singer (d. 2013) 1931 Adrian Rogers, American religious leader (d. 2005) 1932 Atli Dam, 5th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2005) 1933 Tatiana Doronina, Russian actress 1934 Jaegwon Kim, Korean-American philosopher 1934 Glenn Davis, American athlete (d. 2009) 1937 George Chuvalo, Canadian boxer 1938 Claude Ruel, French-Canadian ice hockey coach (d. 2015) 1939 Nobuyuki Oishi, Japanese footballer 1939 Henry Waxman, United States Congressman 1940 Joachim Frank, German-American biophysicist, joint 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner 1940 Mickey Lolich, American baseball player 1940 Linda Gray, American actress 1943 Maria Muldaur, American singer 1943 Michael Ondaatje, Sri Lankan-born writer 1944 Leonard Peltier, Native American activist 1944 Yoshio Kikugawa, Japanese footballer 1944 Barry White, American singer (d. 2003) 1944 Vladimir Spivakov, Russian violinist and conductor 1944 Colin Young, American singer 1949 Irina Rodnina, Russian figure skater 1949 Charles Burlingame, American pilot (d. 2001) 1951 1975 1951 Joe Pantoliano, American actor 1951 Bertie Ahern, Irish politician and former Taoiseach 1951 Ali-Ollie Woodson, American singer and musician (d. 2010) 1952 Neil Peart, Canadian musician and writer (Rush) (d. 2020) 1952 Gerry Beckley, American musician 1953 Fiona Mactaggart, Scottish politician 1954 Peter Scolari, American actor 1956 Leslie Cheung, Hong Kong singer (d. 2003) 1956 Ricky Rudd, American race car driver 1956 Sam Brownback, American politician, 46th Governor of Kansas 1956 Brian Robertson, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1957 Hans Zimmer, German composer 1957 Rachel Ward, English actress 1958 Wilfredo Benitez, American boxer 1959 Sigmar Gabriel, German politician 1959 Scott Brown, United States Senator 1959 Hisashi Kaneko, Japanese footballer 1960 Stefanos Korkolis, Greek songwriter and pianist 1961 Mylène Farmer, French singer-songwriter 1962 Amy Yasbeck, American actress 1964 Dieter Hecking, German footballer 1966 Ben Folds, American musician 1966 Vezio Sacratini, Italian ice hockey player 1967 Mirko Slomka, German footballer and manager 1967 Pat Listach, American baseball player 1968 Paul F. Tompkins, American comedian, actor and screenwriter 1969 Mika Myllyla, Finnish cross-country skier (d. 2011) 1969 Angel Cabrera, Argentine golfer 1969 Shigeki Maruyama, Japanese golfer 1971 Chandra Sturrup, Bahamanian athlete 1973 Darren Campbell, British athlete 1973 Martin Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player 1973 Paul Walker, American actor (d. 2013) 1974 Caroline Aigle, French pilot (d. 2007) 1974 Nuno Valente, Portuguese footballer From 1976 1976 Maciej Zurawski, Polish footballer 1976 2 Chainz, American rapper 1976 Lauren Stamile, American actress 1977 Nathan Bracken, Australian cricketer 1977 James McCartney, British musician 1978 Ruben Studdard, American singer 1980 Sean Burroughs, American baseball player 1980 Josef Vasicek, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2011) 1980 Yao Ming, Chinese basketball player 1981 Jennifer Hudson, American singer and actress 1983 Sergio Parisse, Argentine-born Italian rugby player 1984 September, Swedish singer 1985 Hiroki Mizumoto, Japanese footballer 1986 Yuto Nagatomo, Japanese footballer 1986 Joanne Jackson, British swimmer 1986 Emmy Rossum, American actress and singer 1987 Yaroslava Shvedova, Kazakhstani tennis player 1988 Amanda Jenssen, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1989 Freddie Freeman, American baseball player 1992 Sviatlana Pirazhenka, Belarussian tennis player 1993 Kelsea Ballerini, American singer 1994 Elina Svitolina, Ukrainian tennis player 1994 Mhairi Black, Scottish politician 1996 Colin Ford, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 640 Sak K'uk', Maya Queen of Palenque 1185 Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1118) 1213 Peter II of Aragon (b. 1174) 1348 Joan the Lame, Queen of France (b. 1293) 1362 Pope Innocent VI (b. 1295) 1369 Blanche of Lancaster (b. 1345) 1500 Albert III, Duke of Saxony (b. 1443) 1612 Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (b. 1552) 1660 Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (b. 1577) 1683 King Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643) 1691 John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647) 1764 Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (b. 1683) 1829 Juan Ignacio Molina, Chilean naturalist (b. 1740) 1870 Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American writer (b. 1836) 1874 François Guizot, 22nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1787) 1885 Ranbir Singh, 2nd Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (b. 1830) 1901 2000 1903 Duncan Gillies, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Victoria (b. 1834) 1907 Ilia Chavchavadze, Georgian poet, journalist and lawyer (b. 1837) 1918 George Reid, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845) 1919 Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (b. 1871) 1929 Rainis, Latvian poet, playwright and politician (b. 1865) 1938 Prince Arthur of Connaught (b. 1883) 1945 Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese general (b. 1880) 1956 Hans Carossa, German writer (b. 1878) 1956 Sandor Festetics, Hungarian politician (b. 1882) 1960 Dino Borgioli, Italian tenor (b. 1891) 1977 Steve Biko, South African anti-Apartheid activist (b. 1946) 1977 Robert Lowell, American poet (b. 1917) 1981 Eugenio Montale, Italian poet (b. 1896) 1982 Federico Moreno Torroba, Spanish composer (b. 1891) 1986 Jacques Henri Lartigue, French photographer (b. 1894) 1992 Anthony Perkins, American actor (b. 1932) 1993 Raymond Burr, Canadian actor (b. 1917) 1994 Boris Yegorov, Russian physician and cosmonaut (b. 1937) 1995 Jeremy Brett, English actor (b. 1933) 1995 Yasutomo Nagai, Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1965) 1996 Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (b. 1907) From 2001 2001 Victor Wong, Chinese-American actor (b. 1927) 2003 Johnny Cash, American country music singer (b. 1932) 2004 Max Abramowitz, American architect (b. 1908) 2008 David Foster Wallace, American writer (b. 1962) 2009 Norman Borlaug, American agronomist (b. 1914) 2009 Jack Kramer, American tennis player (b. 1921) 2009 Willy Ronis, French photographer (b. 1910) 2010 Claude Chabrol, French movie director (b. 1930) 2011 Alexander Galimov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1985) 2012 Sid Watkins, British neurosurgeon (b. 1928) 2012 Derek Jameson, British tabloid journalist and broadcaster (b. 1929) 2013 Erich Loest, German writer (b. 1926) 2013 Otto Sander, German actor (b. 1941) 2013 Ray Dolby, American engineer and inventor (b. 1933) 2014 Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1932) 2014 Ian Paisley, Northern Irish religious and political leader (b. 1926) 2014 John Bardon, English actor (b. 1939) 2014 Joe Sample, American pianist and composer (b. 1939) 2014 Antony Kidman, Australian psychologist, biochemist and writer (b. 1938) 2015 Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer (b. 1928) 2016 Gunilla Bernadotte, Swedish duchess (b. 1923) 2016 Ellen Burka, Canadian-Dutch figure skater (b. 1921) 2016 Stanley Steinbaum, American activist (b. 1920) 2017 Heiner Geissler, German politician (b. 1930) 2017 Alex Hawkins, American football player (b. 1937) 2017 Siegfried Köhler, German conductor (b. 1923) 2017 Allan MacEachen, Canadian politician (b. 1921) 2017 Edith Windsor, American LGBT rights activist and technological manager at IBM (b. 1929) 2018 Henry Kalis, American politician (b. 1937) 2018 Hans Kloss, German artist and graphic designer (b. 1938) 2018 Walter Mischel, Austrian-American psychologist (b. 1930) 2018 Billy O'Dell, American baseball player (b. 1933) 2018 Shen Chun-shan, Taiwanese physicist and academic (b. 1932) 2018 Rachid Taha, Algerian singer, songwriter and activist (b. 1958) Observances National Day of Cape Verde Ethiopian New Year Day of Conception (Russia) Defenders Day (Maryland) Days of the year

10063

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2013

September 13

Events Up to 1900 509 BC The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September. 81 Domitian becomes Roman Emperor. 122 The building of Hadrian's Wall begins. 335 Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. 533 Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa. 604 Pope Sabinianus is consecrated. 1440 Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes. 1501 Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David. 1541 John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re-form the Calvinist Church. 1584 The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed. 1598 Philip III of Spain becomes King. 1609 Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him – the Hudson River. 1743 England, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms. 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War. 1782 American Revolutionary War: French-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar. 1788 The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S. 1791 King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution 1813 The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812. 1843 The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece. 1847 Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War. 1848 American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies. 1850 First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps. 1858 A fire on German passenger steamer Austria kills 471 people. 1862 Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. 1898 Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film 1899 Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident. 1900 Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War. 1901 1950 1906 First airplane flight in Europe 1914 During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station. 1914 World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany. 1922 The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 °F (58 °C), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913. 1923 Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. 1928 A hurricane devastates the Caribbean. 1933 Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament. 1939 Canada enters World War II. 1940 World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace. 1940 World War II: Italy invades Egypt. 1941 Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U-boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112. 1943 Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China. 1948 Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate. 1950 West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million. 1951 2000 1953 Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Soviet Union. 1956 The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed. 1959 The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon. 1965 Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. 1968 Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact. 1970 First running of the New York City Marathon. 1971 State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault. 1971 Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. 1979 South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa). 1985 The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan. 1987 Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning. 1988 Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure). 1989 Largest anti-Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu. 1991 A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada. 1993 Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway. 1994 Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole. 1996 After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada. 1999 A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed. From 2001 2001 Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume. 2004 The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167. 2005 The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip. 2005 Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding. 2007 The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. 2008 Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30. 2008 Hurricane Ike hits Texas. 2012 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran. Births Up to 1850 64 Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91) 678 K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730) 1087 John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143) 1475 Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507) 1502 John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552) 1521 William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598) 1594 Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667) 1601 Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678) 1630 Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702) 1694 Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776) 1755 Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819) 1766 Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854) 1775 Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868) 1802 Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880) 1813 Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871) 1813 John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864) 1818 Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893) 1819 Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896) 1830 Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916) 1842 John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920) 1842 Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911) 1851 1900 1851 Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902) 1853 Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938) 1856 Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953) 1857 Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945) 1860 John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948) 1863 Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935) 1865 William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951) 1872 Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951) 1873 Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950) 1874 Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951) 1874 Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962) 1876 Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941) 1877 Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957) 1877 Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962) 1880 Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958) 1882 Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969) 1883 Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959) 1884 Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957) 1885 Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962) 1885 Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954) 1886 Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975) 1886 Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925) 1887 Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976) 1887 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944) 1890 Antony Noghès, French businessman (d. 1978) 1891 Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960) 1892 Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980) 1893 Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953) 1894 J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984) 1894 Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953) 1895 Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981) 1899 Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938) 1901 1950 1901 James McCoubrey, Canadian-American supercentenarian (d. 2013) 1903 Claudette Colbert, French-born actress (d. 1996) 1904 Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977) 1908 Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990) 1908 Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998) 1908 Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995) 1909 Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014) 1909 James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001) 1911 Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996) 1912 Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003) 1913 Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003) 1914 Leonard Feather, British-born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994) 1916 Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990) 1918 Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015) 1918 Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980) 1918 Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005) 1919 Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003) 1919 Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018) 1923 Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet-Russian partisan (d. 1941) 1924 Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009) 1924 Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012) 1925 Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014) 1926 Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player 1927 Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010) 1928 Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018) 1929 Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004) 1931 Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia 1931 Barbara Bain, American actress 1936 Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019) 1938 John Smith, British politician (d. 1994) 1939 Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993) 1939 Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014) 1939 Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014) 1939 Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia 1939 Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012) 1939 Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer 1940 Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica 1941 Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey 1941 Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010) 1941 David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer 1941 Tadao Ando, Japanese architect 1942 Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad 1944 Jacqueline Bisset, British actress 1944 Peter Cetera, American musician 1945 Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician 1946 Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor 1948 Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji 1949 Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player 1949 John W. Henry, American businessman 1950 Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland 1951 1975 1952 Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People) 1954 Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer 1955 Joe Morris, American musician 1955 Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association 1956 Anne Geddes, Australian photographer 1956 Alain Ducasse, French chef 1957 Vinny Appice, American drummer 1957 Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter 1958 Bobby Davro, British comedian 1958 Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier 1960 Greg Baldwin, American actor 1960 Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper 1961 Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor 1962 Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer 1964 Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer 1964 Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer 1965 Zak Starkey, British musician 1965 Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer 1966 Maria Furtwaengler, German physician 1967 Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field 1967 Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1969 Shane Warne, Australian cricketer 1969 Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer 1969 Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer 1970 Louise Lombard, British actress 1970 Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer 1971 Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player 1971 Stella McCartney, British fashion designer 1973 Christine Arron, French runner 1973 Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer 1974 Travis Knight, American basketball player 1975 Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer From 1976 1977 Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist 1978 Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur 1979 Manuel Friedrich, German footballer 1980 Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014) 1980 Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves, Brazilian footballer 1980 Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player 1982 Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player 1982 Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician 1983 James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1985 Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress 1985 David Jordan, English singer-songwriter 1986 Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver 1987 Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player 1987 Fraizer Campbell, English footballer 1987 Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player 1988 Keith Treacy, Irish footballer 1989 Thomas Müller, German footballer 1991 Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast 1993 Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction) 1993 Alice Merton, German singer 1994 Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress 1995 Robbie Kay, English actor Deaths Up to 1900 81 Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39) 1321 Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265) 1409 Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389) 1438 Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391) 1506 Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter 1557 John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514) 1592 Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533) 1598 Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526) 1624 Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565) 1632 Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586) 1759 James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727) 1806 Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749) 1808 Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748) 1813 Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia 1872 Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804) 1881 Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824) 1901 2000 1905 René Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828) 1910 Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865) 1912 Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843) 1915 Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835) 1928 Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861) 1929 Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904) 1931 Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882) 1937 David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869) 1941 Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859) 1944 W. Heath Robertson, English cartoonist (b. 1872) 1944 Noor Inayat Khan, Indian-British agent (b. 1914) 1946 William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871) 1946 Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875) 1946 Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908) 1949 August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874) 1960 Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885) 1967 Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896) 1971 Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907) 1973 Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913) 1976 Armand Mondou, French-Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905) 1977 Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882) 1987 Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900) 1991 Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936) 1991 Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913) 1991 Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901) 1996 Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971) 1998 George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919) 1999 Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913) From 2001 2001 Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916) 2002 George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907) 2003 Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930) 2004 Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925) 2005 Julio César Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916) 2006 Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933) 2008 Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939) 2011 Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922) 2011 Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930) 2012 Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928) 2012 Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927) 2013 Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish-American supercentenarian (b. 1901) 2014 David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970) 2014 Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936) 2014 Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931) 2015 Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955) 2017 Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932) 2017 Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943) 2017 Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928) 2017 Grant Hart, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1961) 2017 Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937) 2017 Basil Gogos, Egyptian-born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929) 2017 Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939) 2018 Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927) 2018 Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960) 2018 Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933) 2018 John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927) 2018 Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926) 2019 Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934) 2019 Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926) 2019 Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934) 2019 Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926) 2019 Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957) 2019 György Konrád, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933) 2019 Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949) Observances International Chocolate Day Roald Dahl Day (UK, Africa, Latin America) Days of the year

10064

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2015

September 15

Events Up to 1900 668 Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is murdered in his bath. 1440 Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest-known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes. 1616 The first non-aristocratic free public school in Europe is opened in Frascati, Italy. 1762 Seven Years' War: Battle of Signal Hill. 1776 American Revolutionary War: British forces land at Kip's Bay, during the New York Campaign. 1789 The United States Department of State is founded, as the Department of Foreign Affairs. 1812 The French army under Napoleon Bonaparte enters Moscow. 1812 War of 1812: A second supply train sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack of the Narrows. 1820 Constitutionalist Revolution in Lisbon 1821 Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica jointly declare independence from Spain. 1830 The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens. On the same day, William Huskisson becomes the first railway fatality after being hit by a locomotive. 1835 The HMS Beagle arrives in the Galapagos Islands with a young Charles Darwin on board. 1851 Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1862 American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harper's Ferry, then in Virginia, now in West Virginia. 1873 Franco-Prussian War: The last German troops leave France. 1875 Indianola, Texas, is destroyed by a Hurricane, killing between 150 and 300 people. 1894 First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China in the Battle of Pyongyang. 1901 2000 1916 World War I: Tanks are used in battle for the first time, in the Somme, northern France. 1935 With the Nuremberg Laws, the Nazis strip Jews of German citizenship. 1935 The Nazis adopt the Swastika flag as the flag of Germany. 1940 World War II: Climax of the Battle of Britain. 1942 World War II: United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is torpedoed at Guadalcanal, present-day Solomon Islands. 1944 World War II: The Battle of Peleliu (in Palau), between US and Japanese forces, begins. 1944 World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon conference to discuss strategy. 1945 A hurricane in South Florida and the Bahamas destroys 366 planes and 25 blimps at NAS Richmond 1947 Typhoon Kathleen kills 1,077 people in the Kanto region of Japan. 1948 The F-86 Sabre sets the world aircraft speed record, at 671 miles per hour (1,080 kilometres per hour). 1949 Konrad Adenauer becomes the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. 1950 Korean War: US forces land at Inchon. 1952 The UN gives Eritrea to Ethiopia. 1958 A Central Railroad of New Jersey commuter train runs through an open drawbridge at the Newark Bay, killing 58 people. 1959 Nikita Khrushchev becomes the first Soviet leader to visit the US. 1961 Hurricane Carla hits Texas. 1962 Soviet ship Poltava heads towards Cuba, one of the events that lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis. 1963 "Birmingham Sunday" when a bomb killed 4 black girls in a church in Birmingham, Alabama. 1966 US President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to a sniper attack at the University of Texas at Austin, writes a letter to United States Congress urging the enactment of gun control legislation. 1968 The Soviet Zond 5 spaceship is launched, becoming the first spacecraft to fly around the Moon and re-enter Earth's atmosphere. 1969 US ice breaker tanker SS Manhattan passes through the Northwest Passage, after four weeks. 1972 Scandinavian Airlines System domestic flight from Gothenburg to Stockholm, Sweden, is hijacked and flown to Malmo Bulltofta Airport. 1973 Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden becomes King. 1975 The French department of Corse, on the island of Corsica, is divided in two, into Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud. 1981 Vanuatu joins the UN. 1981 The Senate Judiciary Committee approves Sandra Day O'Connor to become a Justice on the United States Supreme Court, being the first female in such a role. 1983 Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin resigns. 1990 France announces it will send 4,000 troops to the Persian Gulf. 1991 Bangladesh becomes a parliamentary democracy. 1993 Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein disbands his country's parliament. 1994 For the first time, a planet outside the Solar System is discovered. 1997 New York City's Museum of Jewish Heritage opens. 2000 The 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney begin. From 2001 2007 Former world Rally champion Colin McRae dies in a helicopter crash in Lanarkshire, Scotland, along with his son and two family friends. 2008 Lehman Brothers files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. 2011 A parliamentary election is held in Denmark, resulting in Helle Thorning-Schmidt becoming Prime Minister on October 3. 2015 Malcolm Turnbull replaces Tony Abbott as Prime Minister of Australia. 2015 Aksel V. Johannesen becomes Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands. 2017 2017 Parsons Green bombing: An explosive device is detonated on a tube train near London's Parsons Green station, injuring 30 people. 2017 The Cassini space probe's mission is ended, as it is plunged into Saturn's atmosphere. Births Up to 1800 1254 Marco Polo, Italian explorer (d. 1324) 1533 Catherine of Austria, Queen Consort of Poland and Lithuania (d. 1572) 1580 Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (d. 1659) 1603 Tokugawa Yorifusa, Japanese daimyo (d. 1661) 1613 François de la Rochefoucauld, French author (d. 1680) 1649 Titus Oates, English priest (d. 1705) 1666 Sophia Dorothea of Celle, German princess (d. 1726) 1675 Vakhtang VI of Kartli, Georgian King (d. 1737) 1676 Stanislaw Poniatowski, Polish politician (d. 1762) 1690 Ignazio Prota, Italian composer and music educator (d. 1748) 1715 Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French general and engineer (d. 1789) 1736 Jean-Silvain Bailly, French politician and astronomer (d. 1793) 1756 Carl Philipp Moritz, German writer (d. 1793) 1760 Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien, Prussian general (d. 1824) 1761 Cornelio Saavedra, Argentine politician (d. 1829) 1765 Bocage, Portuguese poet (d. 1805) 1787 Guillaume-Henri Dufour, Swiss humanist, general, politician, mapmaker and engineer (d. 1875) 1789 James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (d. 1851) 1800 Paul-Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1842) 1801 1900 1808 John Hutton Balfour, Scottish botanist (d. 1884) 1811 Charles de Mornay, French politician (d. 1865) 1814 Ferdinand von Arnim, German architect (d. 1866) 1815 Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian composer (d. 1868) 1825 Iwakura Tomomi, Japanese statesman (d. 1883) 1828 Alexander Butlerov, Russian chemist (d. 1886) 1830 Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (d. 1915) 1834 Heinrich von Treitschke, German historian and publicist (d. 1896) 1852 Edward Bouchet, American physicist (d. 1918) 1857 William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (d. 1930) 1858 Charles de Foucauld, French monk (d. 1916) 1860 Visvesvaraya, Indian engineer, scholar and politician (d. 1962) 1863 Horatio Parker, American composer (d. 1919) 1875 Henry D. Hatfield, American politician, 14th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1962) 1876 Bruno Walter, German conductor (d. 1962) 1876 Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Bengali writer (d. 1938) 1877 Jakob Ehrlich, Austrian politician and Zionist (d. 1938) 1877 Yente Serdatzky, Lithuanian-American author and playwright (d. 1962) 1879 Joseph Lyons, 10th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1939) 1881 Ettore Bugatti, Italian automobile engineer and designer (d. 1947) 1883 Esteban Teradas i Illa, Spanish mathematician and engineer (d. 1950) 1886 Paul Lévy, French mathematician (d. 1971) 1887 Carlos Dávila, President of Chile (d. 1955) 1888 Antonio Ascari, Italian racing driver (d. 1925) 1889 Robert Benchley, American writer (d. 1945) 1890 Agatha Christie, English writer (d. 1976) 1894 Jean Renoir, French movie director (d. 1979) 1895 Magda Lupescu, consort of King Carol II of Romania (d. 1977) 1901 1925 1903 Roy Acuff, American Country musician (d. 1992) 1903 Yisrael Kristal, Polish-born Israeli supercentenarian and Holocaust survivor (d. 2017) 1904 King Umberto II of Italy (d. 1983) 1905 Pat O'Callaghan, Irish hammer thrower (d. 1991) 1907 Alfred Delp, German Jesuit and Resistance activist (d. 1945) 1907 Fay Wray, Canadian-American actress (d. 2004) 1908 Misko Kranjec, Slovenian writer (d. 1983) 1909 C. N. Annadurai, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (d. 1969) 1911 Karsten Solheim, Norwegian-American golf entrepreneur (d. 2000) 1911 Luther Terry, 9th Surgeon General of the United States (d. 1985) 1913 John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General (d. 1988) 1913 Johannes Steinhoff, German military officer (d. 1994) 1914 Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (d. 1999) 1914 Jens Otto Krag, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1978) 1915 Helmut Schön, German footballer and manager (d. 1996) 1916 Margaret Lockwood, English actress (d. 1990) 1918 Margot Loyola, Chilean musician and singer (d. 2015) 1919 Nelson Gidding, American screenwriter (d. 2004) 1919 Fausto Coppi, Italian cyclist (d. 1960) 1922 Jackie Cooper, American actor (d. 2011) 1922 Bob Anderson, British fencer and sword fight choreographer (d. 2012) 1922 Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, daughter of Winston Churchill (d. 2014) 1924 György Lázár, 50th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 2014) 1925 Carlo Rambaldi, Italian special effects artist (d. 2012) 1925 Helle Virkner, Danish actress (d. 2009) 1926 1950 1926 Jean-Pierre Serre, French mathematician 1926 Shohei Imamura, Japanese movie director (d. 2006) 1926 Ed Derwinski, American politician (d. 2012) 1927 Val Holten, Australian cricketer (d. 2015) 1927 Norm Crosby, American comedian and actor 1928 Cannonball Adderley, American jazz musician (d. 1975) 1929 Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist (d. 2019) 1929 Mümtaz Soysal, Turkish politician and lawyer (d. 2019) 1929 Eva Burrows, 13th General of the Salvation Army (d. 2015) 1930 Merab Mamardashvili, Georgian philosopher (d. 1990) 1933 Henry Darrow, American actor 1933 Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Spanish composer and conductor (d. 2014) 1935 Patriarch Dinkha IV of the Assyrian Church of the East (d. 2015) 1936 Ashley Cooper, Australian tennis player 1937 Robert Lucas, Jr., American economist 1937 Fernando de la Rúa, former President of Argentina (d. 2019) 1938 Gaylord Perry, American baseball player 1940 Merlin Olsen, American football player and actor (d. 2010) 1941 Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer (d. 2011) 1941 Signe Toly Anderson, American singer (d. 2016) 1941 Yuriy Norshteyn, Russian animator, director and screenwriter 1941 Viktor Zubkov, former Prime Minister of Russia 1941 Miroslaw Hermaszewski, Polish cosmonaut 1942 Wen Jiabao, former Premier of the People's Republic of China 1942 Emmerson Mnangagwa, 3rd President of Zimbabwe 1942 Lee Dorman, American bass player (d. 2012) 1944 Graham Taylor, English footballer and manager (d. 2017) 1944 Mauro Piacenza, Italian cardinal 1945 Hans-Gert Pöttering, German politician 1945 Carmen Maura, Spanish actress 1945 Jessye Norman, American singer (d. 2019) 1945 Ron Shelton, American screenwriter, director and movie producer 1945 Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince 1946 Ola Brunkert, Swedish musician (d. 2008) 1946 Tommy Lee Jones, American actor 1946 Oliver Stone, American movie director 1946 Mike Procter, South African cricketer, coach and referee 1947 Viggo Jensen, Danish footballer and manager 1949 Joe Barton, American politician 1950 Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Islamic spiritual leader 1951 1975 1951 Johan Neeskens, Dutch footballer 1952 Richard Brodeur, Canadian ice hockey player 1954 Hrant Dink, Turkish-Armenian newspaper editor (d. 2007) 1954 Nava Semel, Israeli author and playwright (d. 2017) 1955 Bruce Reitherman, American movie maker 1955 Abdul Qadir, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2019) 1955 Renzo Rosso, Italian fashion designer 1955 Brendan O'Carroll, Irish actor 1956 Maggie Reilly, Scottish singer 1958 Dr. Know, American guitarist 1959 Mark Kirk, American politician 1960 Katsuyoshi Shinto, Japanese footballer 1961 Dan Marino, American football player 1961 Colin McFarlane, English voice actor 1962 Rebecca Miller, American actress, director and writer 1964 Robert Fico, former Prime Minister of Slovakia 1966 Sherman Douglas, American basketball player 1967 Huw Bunford, Welsh guitarist and songwriter (Super Furry Animals) 1969 Revaz Arveladze, Georgian footballer 1970 Svetlana Zakharova, Russian long-distance runner 1971 Josh Charles, American actor 1972 Jimmy Carr, British comedian 1972 Queen Letizia of Spain 1973 Daniel Westling, Swedish royal 1973 Julie Cox, British actress 1973 Alyn Smith, Scottish politician 1974 Murat Yakin, Swiss footballer From 1976 1976 Paul Thomson, Scottish musician 1977 Angela Aki, Japanese singer-songwriter 1977 Sophie Dahl, British model 1977 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Nigerian writer 1977 Tom Hardy, English actor, screenwriter and producer 1977 René Haselbacher, Austrian cyclist 1977 Jason Terry, American basketball player 1978 Eidur Gudjohnsen, Icelandic footballer 1978 Kew Jaliens, Dutch footballer 1979 Patrick Marleau, Canadian ice hockey player 1979 Carlos Ruiz, Guatemalan footballer 1979 Amy Davidson, American actress 1980 Mike Dunleavy, Jr., American basketball player 1980 Jolin Tsai, Taiwanese singer 1981 Miyavi, Japanese composer, singer and guitarist 1983 Ashleigh McIvor, Canadian freestyle skier 1983 Tomas Sivok, Czech footballer 1983 Santeri Palin, Finnish writer 1984 Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, British royal 1986 Heidi Montag, American television personality and singer 1986 Anan Anwar, Thai singer and actor 1986 Peter Wilson, English sport shooter and Olympic gold medalist 1986 Poppy Delevingne, English model 1987 Clare Maguire, English singer-songwriter 1988 Chelsea Kane, American actress and singer 1988 Kate Mansi, American actress 1990 Gwyneth Keyworth, Welsh actress 1996 Jake Cherry, American actor 1996 Nao Furuhata, Japanese idol and singer 1999 Nana Owada, Japanese idol singer and actress Deaths Up to 1900 668 Constans II, Emperor (b. 630) 921 Saint Ludmila of Bohemia, Bohemian martyr (b. 860) 1134 Alfonso the Battler, King of Aragon and Navarra (b. 1073) 1231 Louis I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1173) 1326 Dmitry of Tver (b. 1299) 1352 Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and religious leader (b. 1273) 1750 Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1690) 1794 Abraham Clark, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1725) 1803 Gian Francesco Albani, Italian cardinal (b. 1719) 1805 Christopher Gadsden, American soldier and statesman (b. 1724) 1830 William Huskisson, English politician, first rail fatality (b. 1770) 1835 Sarah Knox Taylor, wife of Jefferson Davis (b. 1814) 1841 Alessandro Rolla, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1757) 1842 Pierre Baillot, French violinist and composer (b. 1771) 1842 Francisco Morazan, President of Central America (b. 1792) 1859 Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (b. 1806) 1864 John Hanning Speke, British explorer (b. 1827) 1875 Duchenne de Boulogne, French psychologist (b. 1806) 1883 Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (b. 1801) 1885 Jumbo, African elephant (b. 1861) 1891 John Steell, Scottish sculptor (b. 1804) 1893 Thomas Hawksley, English engineer (b. 1807) 1901 2000 1926 Rudolf Christoph Eucken, German writer (b. 1846) 1930 Milton Sills, American actor (b. 1882) 1938 Thomas Wolfe, American writer (b. 1900) 1940 William B. Bankhead, American politician (b. 1874) 1945 André Tardieu, French statesman (b. 1876) 1945 Anton Webern, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1883) 1972 Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1887) 1972 Asgeir Asgeirsson, second President of Iceland (b. 1894) 1973 King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden, King of Sweden (b. 1882) 1973 Victor Jara, Chilean musician (b. 1932) 1975 Pavel Sukhoi, Russian aircraft designer (b. 1895) 1978 Willy Messerschmidt, German aircraft designer (b. 1898) 1979 Tommy Leonetti, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1929) 1981 Harold Bennett, English actor (b. 1899) 1985 Cootie Williams, American trumpeter (b. 1910) 1989 Robert Penn Warren, American writer (b. 1905) 1995 Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish footballer (b. 1921) 1998 Luke Rasminsky, Canadian economist (b. 1908) From 2001 2001 June Salter, Australian actress (b. 1932) 2004 Johnny Ramone, American guitarist (The Ramones) (b. 1948) 2005 Sidney Luft, American director (b. 1915) 2006 Oriana Fallaci, Italian journalist and writer (b. 1929) 2007 Colin McRae, Scottish rally driver (b. 1968) 2008 Richard Wright, English musician (Pink Floyd) (b. 1943) 2009 Timothy Bateson, English actor (b. 1926) 2014 Post Bahadur Bogati, Nepalese politician (b. 1953) 2014 Yitzhak Hofi, Israeli general (b. 1927) 2014 Eugene I. Gordon, American physicist (b. 1930) 2014 John Anderson, Jr., American politician, Governor of Kansas (b. 1917) 2014 Jackie Cain, American jazz singer (b. 1928) 2014 Jeremy Ball, Australian actor and politician (b. 1969) 2015 Meir Pa'il, Israeli politician and military historian (b. 1926) 2015 Bernard Van De Kerckhove, Belgian racing driver (b. 1941) 2015 Mihai Volontir, Moldovan actor (b. 1934) 2015 Harry J. Lipkin, Israeli nuclear physicist (b. 1921) 2017 María Cristina Arango Vega, First Lady of Colombia (b. 1928) 2017 Violet Brown, Jamaican supercentenarian (b. 1900) 2017 Dwijen Sharma, Bangladeshi naturalist and science writer (b. 1929) 2017 Harry Dean Stanton, American actor (b. 1926) 2017 Albert Speer Jr., German architect (b. 1934) 2018 Kirin Kiki, Japanese actress (b. 1943) 2018 Dudley Sutton, English actor (b. 1933) 2018 José Manuel de la Sota, Argentine politician (b. 1949) 2018 Victor Veselago, Soviet-Russian physicist (b. 1929) 2018 Fritz Wintersteller, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1927) 2018 Zhu Xu, Chinese actor (b. 1930) 2019 Chadlia Caid Essebsi, First Lady of Tunisia (b. 1936) 2019 Lol Mahamat Choua, 4th President of Chad (b. 1939) 2019 Roberto Leal, Portuguese-Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1951) 2019 Phyllis Newman, American actress and singer (b. 1933) 2019 Ric Ocasek, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1944) 2019 Mike Stefanik, American racing driver (b. 1958) Observances Battle of Britain Day (United Kingdom) Grito de Dolores (Mexico) Independence Day (Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua) International Day of Democracy Engineers' Day (India) Days of the year

10065

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2016

September 16

Events Up to 1900 307 Emperor Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. 1400 Owain Glyndwr is declared Prince of Wales. 1620 The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, England, for America. 1701 James Francis Edward Stuart, referred to as the 'Old Pretender', becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Scotland and England. 1776 American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought. 1779 American Revolutionary War: The French-American Siege of Savannah begins. 1795 The first British occupation of the Cape Colony, South Africa, begins. 1810 Grito de Dolores: Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain. 1812 The Fire of Moscow begins. Three quarters of the city are destroyed. 1859 David Livingstone reaches Lake Malawi. 1893 Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma. 1901 2000 1902 Alagoas becomes a state of Brazil. 1908 General Motors is founded. 1918 On the British Monitor (a type of warship), a munitions explosion occurs while it is located in Dover Harbour, killing 77 people. 1919 The American Legion is incorporated 1920 Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City, killing 38 people and injuring over 400. 1925 HC Rotterdam, the biggest field hockey team in the Netherlands, is founded. 1928 The Okeechobee hurricane in Florida kills 2500 people. 1939 The Japanese-Soviet border conflict is settled. 1941 The Shah of Iran is forced to resign by the United Kingdom and Soviet Union. 1943 World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes. 1945 Japanese forces in Hong Kong surrender. 1947 Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and the Tone River in Japan, killing at least 1,930 people. 1947 The United Kingdom formally ends its state of war with Austria. 1955 Juan Peron is removed from power in a coup in Argentina. 1955 A Soviet Navy Zulu class submarine becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile. 1959 The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration in live television in New York City. 1961 The remainder of Hurricane Debbie causes damage in the United Kingdom and Ireland. 1963 Malaysia is formed by the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, British North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak. Singapore withdraws a short time later. 1966 The Metropolitan Opera House opens in New York City. 1970 King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airlineers by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. 1971 Typhoon Nancy makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people. 1975 Papua New Guinea becomes independent from Australia. 1975 Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe join the UN. 1976 Sharvash Karapetyan saves 20 people from a trolleybus that had fallen into a Yerevan reservoir. 1978 An earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.5 hits Tabas in Iran, killing at least 25,000 people. 1980 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines join the UN. 1982 Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon. 1983 Arnold Schwarzenegger becomes a US citizen. 1987 The Monntreal Protocol for preservation of ozone layer against ozone depletion enters into force. 1990 The railroad connecting China and Kazakhstan is completed. 1991 The trial of the deposed Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega begins in the United States. 1992 The pound sterling, the UK's currency, is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. 1995 Greece ends its embargo on the Republic of Macedonia. 1998 Meryl Streep receives a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. From 2001 2005 Camorra organised crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy. 2007 An aircraft carrying 128 people crashes in Phuket, Thailand, killing 89 people. 2009 Yukio Hatoyama becomes Prime Minister of Japan, after just under a year with Taro Aso in this position. 2013 A gunman kills 12 people at the Navy Yard in Washington, DC. Births Up to 1850 16 Drusilla, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder (d. 38) 1098 Hildegard of Bingen, German writer, composer, and saint (d. 1179) 1387 King Henry V of England (d. 1422) 1494 Francesco Mauriloco, Italian polymath (d. 1575) 1507 Jiajing Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1567) 1615 Heinrich Bach, German organist and composer (d. 1692) 1666 Antoine Parent, French mathematician (d. 1716) 1678 Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (d. 1751) 1688 John Gay, English writer (d. 1732) 1716 Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian Baroque tenor (d. 1798) 1725 Nicolas Demarest, French geologist (d. 1815) 1736 Carter Braxton, American founding father (d. 1797) 1745 Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813) 1777 Nathan Mayer Rothschild, English banker and financier (d. 1813) 1782 Daoguang Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1850) 1812 Robert Fortune, Scottish gardener, scientist and explorer (d. 1880) 1823 Mihailo Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia (d. 1868) 1825 Simeon Bavier, Swiss diplomat, engineer and politician (d. 1896) 1830 Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (d. 1911) 1837 King Peter V of Portugal (d. 1861) 1842 Alessandro Fortis, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1909) 1844 Paul Taffanel, French flautist and conductor (d. 1908) 1851 1900 1851 Emilia Pardo Bazan, Galician-Spanish writer (d. 1912) 1853 Albrecht Kossel, German doctor, won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917) 1858 Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923) 1859 Yuan Shikai, Chinese military leader and politician (d. 1916) 1866 Georg Voigt, German politician (d. 1927) 1867 Vantila Bratianu, Romanian politician (d. 1930) 1870 John Pius Boland, Irish jurist, politician and tennis player (d. 1958) 1875 James C. Penney, founder of American department store J.C. Penney (d. 1971) 1877 Jacob Schick, American-Canadian inventor and businessman (d. 1937) 1878 Herwarth Walden, German writer, publisher and composer (d. 1941) 1886 Demetre Chiparis, Romanian sculptor (d. 1947) 1886 Jean Arp, German-French sculptor, painter and writer (d. 1966) 1887 Nadia Boulanger, French composer and pianist (d. 1979) 1888 Frans Eemil Sillanpaa, Finnish writer (d. 1964) 1888 W. O. Bentley, British racing driver and entrepreneur (d. 1971) 1891 Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-born German spy (d. 1972) 1891 Karl Dönitz, German naval leader (d. 1980) 1893 Alexander Korda, Hungarian movie director (d. 1956) 1893 Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, Hungarian scientist, won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986) 1898 H. A. Rey, American author and illustrator (d. 1977) 1899 Hans Swarowsky, Austrian conductor (d. 1975) 1901 1950 1901 Ugo Frigerio, Italian athlete (d. 1968) 1903 Joe Venuti, Italian-American jazz violinist (d. 1978) 1903 Gwen Bristow, American writer and journalist (d. 1980) 1905 Vladimir Holan, Czech poet (d. 1980) 1909 Marshall Carter, American general, Director of the NSA (d. 1993) 1912 Gyorgy Sarosi, Hungarian footballer (d. 1993) 1913 Felicien Marceau, French journalist and writer (d. 2012) 1916 Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (d. 1978) 1917 Alexander Schmorell, German Resistance activist (d. 1943) 1919 Lawrence Dobkin, American actor (d. 2002) 1920 J. J. C. Smart, British-Australian philosopher (d. 2012) 1920 Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (d. 2015) 1921 Jon Hendricks, American jazz songwriter and singer 1922 Guy Hamilton, English movie director (d. 2016) 1922 Janis Paige, American actress 1923 Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore and statesman (d. 2015) 1924 Lauren Bacall, American actress (d. 2014) 1924 Hank Peters, American baseball executive (d. 2015) 1925 Charlie Byrd, American jazz guitarist (d. 1999) 1925 Charles Haughey, Prime Minister of Ireland (d. 2006) 1925 B. B. King, American blues musician (d. 2015) 1926 Robert H. Schuller, American televangelist (d. 2015) 1927 Peter Falk, American actor (d. 2011) 1927 Sadako Ogata, Japanese academic, diplomat ad writer 1928 Rex Trailer, American television presenter, actor and singer (d. 2013) 1929 Stan Stephens, American politician, 20th Governor of Montana 1930 Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011) 1930 Jerry Parr, American secret service agent (d. 2015) 1934 Ronnie Drew, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (d. 2008) 1935 Jules Bass, American Stop-motion animator 1935 Billy Boy Arnold, American blues musician and songwriter 1937 Pavel Bobek, Czech singer (d. 2013) 1942 Bernie Calvert, British musician 1943 Oskar Lafontaine, German politician 1943 James Alan McPherson, American writer (d. 2016) 1944 B. J. Ward, American actress and singer 1945 Alexander Rutskoy, Russian politician 1946 Mike Reynolds, Australian politician 1946 Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter 1947 Russ Abbot, British comedian 1948 Rosemary Casals, American tennis player 1948 Julia Donaldson, English writer 1948 Kenney Jones, English musician 1949 Ed Begley, Jr., American actor 1949 Chrisye, Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007) 1950 Loyd Grossman, American television presenter and food critic 1950 Loyola de Palacio, Spanish politician (d. 2006) 1951 1975 1951 Andy Irvine, Scottish rugby player 1952 Fatos Nano, Albanian politician 1952 Mickey Rourke, American actor 1953 Kurt Fuller, American actor 1953 Jerry Pate, American golfer 1953 Manuel Pellegrini, Chilean footballer and coach 1953 Mark Malloch Brown, British politician 1954 Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitarist and composer 1954 Colin Newman, British singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1955 Janet Ellis, British television presenter 1956 David Copperfield, American magician 1957 Norman Lamb, English politician 1957 Pierre Moscovici, French politician 1958 Jennifer Tilly, American actress 1958 Neville Southall, Welsh footballer 1958 Orel Hershiser, American baseball player and coach 1960 Ean Evans, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2009) 1960 Danny John-Jules, English actor 1961 Bilinda Butcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1964 Molly Shannon, American actress 1965 Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer 1966 John Bel Edwards, American attorney and politician 1968 Rafael Alkorta, Spanish footballer 1968 Marc Anthony, American musician 1971 Amy Poehler, American actress, comedienne and writer 1972 Liz Bonnin, Irish television presenter 1972 Sprent Dabwido, Nauruan politician, former President of Nauru 1973 Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakhstani cyclist 1974 Mario Haas, Austrian footballer 1974 Loona, Dutch singer 1975 Adel Chedli, Tunisian footballer From 1976 1976 Tina Barrett, British singer (S Club) 1976 Greg Buckner, American basketball player 1978 Ebrahim Mirzapour, Iranian footballer 1978 Carolina Dieckmann, Brazilian actress 1979 Keisuke Tsuboi, Japanese footballer 1979 Flo Rida, American rapper 1979 Fanny, French singer 1980 Patrik Stefan, Czech ice hockey player 1981 Alexis Bledel, American actress 1983 Kirsty Coventry, Zimbabwean swimmer 1983 Brandon Moss, American baseball player 1984 Katie Melua, Georgian-British singer 1984 Sabrina Bryan, American actress and singer 1986 Ian Harding, British actor 1987 Kyle Lafferty, Northern Irish footballer 1987 Burry Stander, South African cyclist (d. 2013) 1987 Daren Kagasoff, American actor 1988 Teddy Geiger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor 1988 Sarah Steele, American actress 1989 José Salomon Rondon, Venezuelan footballer 1992 Nick Jonas, American singer and guitarist (The Jonas Brothers) 1992 Jake Roche, English actor and singer 2005 Princess Jalilah bint Ali of Jordan Deaths Up to 1900 96 Domitian, Roman Emperor (b. 51) 307 Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman Emperor 655 Pope Martin I 1087 Severus II, Roman Emperor 1100 Bernold of Constance, German chronicler and writer (b. 1054) 1345 John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295) 1380 King Charles V of France (b. 1338) 1394 Avignon Pope Clement VII (b. 1342) 1498 Tomas de Torquemada, Spanish grand inquisitor (b. 1420) 1589 Michael Baius, Flemish theologian (b. 1513) 1701 James II of England and VII of Scotland (b. 1633) 1736 Gabriel Fahrenheit, physicist (b. 1686) 1782 Farinelli, Italian singer (b. 1705) 1792 Quang Trung, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1753) 1803 Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, cartographer and naturalist (b. 1754) 1819 John Jeffries, American physician, balloonist and meteorologist (b. 1744) 1824 King Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755) 1843 Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1770) 1845 Thomas Davis, Irish nationalist and writer (b. 1814) 1887 Sakoigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1841) 1911 Edward Whymper, English mountain climber (b. 1840) 1925 Alexander Friedmann, Russian mathematician and cosmologist (b. 1888) 1925 Leo Fall, Austrian composer (b. 1873) 1932 Ronald Ross, British doctor, won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857) 1931 Omar Mukhtar, resistance leader in Italian Libya 1936 Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French scientist (b. 1867) 1940 Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, British politician, 8th Governor of Queensland, Australia (b. 1860) 1944 Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870) 1946 James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1877) From 1951 1957 Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (b. 1864) 1965 Ahn Eak-tai, Korean composer and conductor (b. 1906) 1965 Fred Quimby, American animation producer (b. 1886) 1977 Marc Bolan, English musician (b. 1947) 1977 Maria Callas, Greek-American soprano (b. 1923) 1980 Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (b. 1896) 1984 Louis Reard, French engineer and fashion designer (b. 1897) 1987 Christopher Soames, Baron Soames, British politician (b. 1920) 1987 Howard Moss, American poet, playwright and critic (b. 1922) 1991 Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (b. 1895) 1992 Millicent Fenwick, American politician and writer (b. 1910) 1993 Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian poet and activist (b. 1920) 1996 Gene Nelson, American actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1920) 2000 Georgiy Gongadze, Georgian-Ukrainian journalist (b. 1969) 2002 James Gregory, American actor (b. 1911) 2003 Sheb Wooley, American actor and singer (b. 1921) 2004 Izora Armstead, American singer (The Weather Girls) (b. 1942) 2005 Gordon Gould, American inventor (b. 1920) 2006 Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925) 2006 Fouad el-Mohandes, Egyptian actor (b. 1924) 2007 Robert Jordan, American writer (b. 1948) 2009 Mary Travers, American singer (b. 1936) 2012 Princess Ragnhild of Norway, Norwegian royal, sister of Harald V of Norway (b. 1930) 2012 John Ingle, American actor (b. 1928) 2013 Kim Hamilton, American actress (b. 1932) 2013 Patsy Swayze, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1927) 2014 Buster Jones, American actor and television presenter (b. 1943) 2014 Alf Ivar Samuelsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1942) 2015 Guy Béart, French singer-songwriter (b. 1930) 2015 Ton van de Ven, Dutch industrial designer (b. 1944) 2015 David Ashby, British motorcycle racer (b. 1949) 2016 Edward Albee, American playwright (b. 1928) 2016 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 10th President of Italy (b. 1920) 2016 Gabriele Amorth, Italian priest and exorcist (b. 1925) 2016 Antonio Mascarenhas Monteiro, former President of Cape Verde (b. 1944) Observances Independence Day in Mexico and Papua New Guinea Malaysia Day International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone layer National Heroes' Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis) Statehood Day (Alagoas, a state of Brazil) Days of the year

10066

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2017

September 17

Events Up to 1900 1577 The Peace of Bergerac is signed between Henry III of France and the Huguenots. 1630 The city of Boston, Massachusetts is founded. 1631 Thirty Years' War: The Battle of Breitenfeld ends in victory for Sweden over the Holy Roman Empire. 1683 Anton van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society, describing 'animalcules', the first-known description of protozoa. 1716 Jean Thurel enlists in the Touraine army regiment at age 17, beginning over 90 years of military service lasting until his death at the age of 108. 1775 American Revolutionary War: Invasion of Canada begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean. 1776 The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain. 1787 The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1789 William Herschel discovers Saturn's moon Mimas. 1809 The Finnish War between Sweden and Russia ends. 1814 Francis Scott Key finishes his poem "Defence of Fort McHenry", later to become the lyrics for The Star-Spangled Banner, the national Anthem of the United States. 1843 The Universidad de Chile (University of Chile) is founded in Santiago, Chile. 1849 Abolitionist Harriet Tubman escapes Slavery. 1859 Joshua A. Norton declares himself "Emperor of the United States". 1862 American Civil War: The Battle of Antietam is fought. It is the bloodiest day in US military history. 1862 American Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the worst civilian disaster of the war. 1894 First Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the war. 1900 Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mobitac. 1901 2000 1908 The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes, killing Selfridge. 1914 Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for a third time. 1916 World War I: German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France. 1928 The Okeechobee Hurricane hits southeastern Florida, killing more than 2,500 people. 1939 World War II: The Soviet Union joins the Nazis' invasion of Poland. 1939 World War II: German U-boat U 29 sinks British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous. 1939 Taisto Maki becomes the first person to run the 10,000 metres in under 30 minutes, doing so in 29 minutes, 52 seconds. 1940 World War II: Adolf Hitler calls off Operation Sealion after defeat in the Battle of Britain. 1943 World War II: The Russian city of Bryansk is liberated. 1944 World War II: Allied troops parachute into the Netherlands. 1949 Canadian steamship SS Norronic burns in Toronto Harbour, killing over 118 people. 1957 The Federation of Malaya (later Malaysia) joins the UN. 1974 Bangladesh, Grenada and Guinea-Bissau join the UN. 1976 The first Space Shuttle, the Enterprise, is unveiled by NASA. 1978 The Camp David Accords are signed by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. 1980 The Solidarity trade union is established. 1980 In Paraguay, former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is killed by Sandinista activists. 1983 Vanessa L. Williams becomes the first African American Miss America. 1988 The Summer Olympics in Seoul begin. 1991 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, North Korea, South Korea, the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia join the UN. 1993 The last Russian troops leave Poland. From 2001 2001 The New York Stock Exchange reopens for trading after the September 11, 2001 attacks. 2004 Tamil is declared as the first classical language of India. 2004 The 2004 Summer Paralympics begin in Athens, lasting until September 28. 2005 Helen Clark is elected to a third term in-a-row as Prime Minister of New Zealand. 2006 The Fourpeaked Mountain volcano in Alaska erupts for the first time in over 10,000 years. 2006 Fredrik Reinfeldt is elected Prime Minister of Sweden. 2006 An audio tape of then-Prime Minister of Hungary Ferenc Gyurcsany is leaked to the public, in which he confessed that his Hungarian Socialist Party lied to win the 2006 General Election, sparking widespread protests across the country. 2011 The Occupy Wall Street movement begins in New York City. By October 15, the Occupy movement had spread to protests in cities around the world against economic mismanagement. 2016 Iranian cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad dies after a crash in the road race during the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2016 An explosion in New York City injures 29 people. Births Up to 1900 879 King Charles III of France (d. 929) 1192 Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shogun (d. 1219) 1216 Robert I, Count of Artois (d. 1250) 1505 Mary of Hungary (d. 1558) 1550 Pope Paul V (d. 1621) 1605 Francesco Sacrati, Italian composer (d. 1650) 1630 Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1694) 1674 Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (d. 1728) 1677 Stephen Hales, English physiologist and chemist (d. 1761) 1688 Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen of Spain (d. 1714) 1730 Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian army officer (d. 1794) 1739 John Rutledge, Chief Justice of the United States and Governor of South Carolina (d. 1800) 1743 Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician (d. 1794) 1764 John Goodricke, English astronomer (d. 1786) 1771 Johann August Apel, German jurist and writer (d. 1816) 1776 Langdon Cheves, American politician (d. 1857) 1806 Duchenne de Boulogne, French neurologist (d. 1875) 1811 John Brough, 26th Governor of Ohio (d. 1865) 1819 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, 1st President of the Republic of South Africa (d. 1901) 1826 Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (d. 1866) 1832 Sergey Botkin, Russian physician (d. 1889) 1850 Guerra Junqueiro, Portuguese lawyer, journalist, writer and poet (d. 1923) 1854 David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-born American businessman (d. 1929) 1857 Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii, Russian rocket scientist (d. 1935) 1859 I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (d. 1929) 1864 Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Ukrainian writer (d. 1913) 1869 Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian peace advocate (d. 1938) 1872 Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, 14th President of Panama (d. 1945) 1878 Vincenzo Tommasini, Italian composer (d. 1950) 1879 Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy, Indian businessman, politician and activist (d. 1973) 1883 William Carlos Williams, American poet (d. 1963) 1885 George Cleveland, Canadian actor (d. 1957) 1890 France Bevk, Slovenian writer (d. 1970) 1892 Hendrik Andriessen, Dutch composer and organist (d. 1981) 1895 Princess Margaret of Denmark (d. 1992) 1900 J. Willard Marriott, American businessman (d. 1985) 1901 1950 1901 Francis Chichester, British sailor and adventurer (d. 1972) 1903 Dolores Costello, American actress (d. 1979) 1904 Frederick Ashton, English ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1988) 1904 Jerry Colonna, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1986) 1906 Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (d. 1996) 1907 Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1995) 1914 Shin Kanemaru, Japanese politician (d. 1996) 1915 M. F. Husain, Indian painter (d. 2011) 1916 Mary Stewart, English novelist (d. 2014) 1917 Isang Yun, Korean-German composer (d. 1995) 1918 Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (d. 1997) 1922 Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (d. 1979) 1922 Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (d. 1997) 1923 Hank Williams, American musician (d. 1953) 1925 John List, American murderer (d. 2008) 1926 Jean-Marie Lustiger, French cardinal (d. 2007) 1928 Roddy McDowall, British actor (d. 1998) 1929 Stirling Moss, British racing driver 1929 Pat Crowley, American actress 1930 David Huddleston, American actor (d. 2016) 1930 Thomas Patten Stafford, American astronaut 1930 Edgar Mitchell, American astronaut (d. 2016) 1931 Anne Bancroft, American actress (d. 2005) 1933 Claude Provost, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984) 1933 Chuck Grassley, United States Senator from Iowa 1934 Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969) 1935 Ken Kesey, American writer (d. 2001) 1936 Rolv Wesenlund, Norwegian actor and singer (d. 2013) 1937 Nigel Boocock, English speedway rider (d. 2015) 1939 David Souter, U.S. Supreme Court Justice 1940 Jan Eliasson, Swedish diplomat 1940 Lorella De Luca, Italian actress (d. 2014) 1942 Des Lynam, English television presenter 1942 Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (d. 2012) 1944 Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer 1945 Phil Jackson, American basketball player and coach 1945 Bruce Spence, New Zealand actor 1945 David Emerson, Canadian politician 1946 Billy Bonds, English footballer 1947 Tessa Jowell, English politician 1948 John Ritter, American actor (d. 2003) 1948 Kemal Monteno, Bosnian singer (d. 2015) 1950 Narendra Modi, Indian politician, Prime Minister of India 1951 1975 1951 Cassandra Peterson, American actress 1951 Russell Brown, Scottish politician 1951 Kermit Washington, American basketball player 1953 Rita Rudner, American actress and comedienne 1953 Tamasin Day-Lewis, English chef 1954 Joel-François Durand, French composer 1956 Andreas Starke, Lord Mayor of Bamberg in Bavaria 1956 Almazbek Atambayev, President of Kyrgyzstan 1957 Richie Ramone, American musician (The Ramones) 1958 Janez Jansa, former Prime Minister of Slovenia 1960 Damon Hill, British racing driver 1960 Annabelle Apsion, British actress 1960 Kevin Clash, American actor and puppeteer 1961 Pamela Melroy, American astronaut 1962 Baz Luhrmann, Australian movie director 1962 Hesham Qandil, 51st Prime Minister of Egypt 1962 BeBe Winans, American singer-songwriter and producer 1963 Warren Gatland, New Zealand rugby player and coach 1965 Yuji Naka, Japanese video game designer, creator of Sonic the Hedgehog 1966 Paula Jones, American state employee 1968 Anastacia, American singer 1968 Marie-Chantal, former Crown Princess of Greece 1968 Akhenaton, French rapper and producer 1968 Tito Vilanova, Spanish football manager (d. 2014) 1969 Ken Doherty, Irish snooker player 1969 Keith Flint, English singer-songwriter (The Prodigy) 1970 Dallas Campbell, Scottish television presenter 1971 Mauro Milanese, Italian footballer 1971 Mike Catt, English rugby player 1972 Bobby Lee, American comedian and actor 1973 Diego Albanese, Argentine rugby player 1974 Sheed Wallace, American basketball player 1975 Constantine Maroulis, American singer From 1976 1977 Simone Perrotta, Italian footballer 1979 Chuck Comeau, Canadian musician (Simple Plan) 1980 Shabana Mahmood, English lawyer and politician 1981 Bakari Koné, Ivorian footballer 1982 Shermine Shahrivar, Iranian-German model 1983 Jennifer Peña, American singer-songwriter, producer and actress 1983 Aiza, Filipino singer and actor 1984 John Kucera, Canadian skier 1985 Tomas Berdych, Czech tennis player 1985 Alexander Ovechkin, Russian ice hockey player 1985 Jon Walker, American singer-songwriter 1985 Umit Korkmaz, Turkish footballer 1985 Tupouto'a 'Ulukalala, Crown Prince of Tonga 1989 Kate Deines, American soccer player 1989 Dijon Talton, American actor and singer 1991 Minako Kotobuki, Japanese voice actress and singer 1991 Ryo Ishikawa, Japanese golfer 1994 Taylor Ware, American singer 2008 Mia Talerico, American actress Deaths Up to 1900 454 Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria 456 Remistus, Roman general 1179 Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess and composer (b. 1098) 1312 Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285) 1322 Robert III of Flanders (b. 1249) 1422 Constantine II of Bulgaria 1574 Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Spanish admiral and explorer (b. 1519) 1575 Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (b. 1504) 1665 King Philip IV of Spain (b. 1605) 1676 Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi, founder of the Jewish Sabbatean Movement (b. 1626) 1679 John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general (b. 1629) 1762 Francesco Geminiani, Italian violinist (b. 1687) 1802 Richard Owen Cambridge, English poet and historian (b. 1717) 1808 Benjamin Bourne, American jurist and politician (b. 1755) 1836 Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (b. 1748) 1863 Alfred de Vigny, French author, poet and playwright (b. 1797) 1877 Henry Fox Talbot, British inventor and photography pioneer (b. 1800) 1894 Deng Shichang, Chinese admiral (b. 1849) 1901 2000 1904 Kartini, Indonesian activist (b. 1879) 1907 Ignaz Brüll, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1846) 1908 Thomas Selfridge, First Lieutenant of the United States Army (b. 1882) 1909 Thomas Bent, Premier of Victoria (b. 1838) 1916 Hermann Krone, German photographer (b. 1827) 1923 Stephanos Dragoumis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1842) 1948 Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (b. 1895) 1951 Jimmy Yancey, American pianist (b. 1898) 1961 Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1899) 1965 Alejandro Casona, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1903) 1966 Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor (b. 1930) 1970 France Bevk, Slovenian writer (b. 1890) 1972 Akim Tamiroff, Georgian actor (b. 1899) 1973 Hugo Winterhalter, American bandleader (b. 1909) 1980 Anastasio Somoza Debayle, former President of Nicaragua (b. 1925) 1985 Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (b. 1925) 1991 Zino Francescatti, French violinist (b. 1902) 1993 Willie Mosconi, American pool player (b. 1913) 1994 Karl Popper, Austrian philosopher (b. 1902) 1994 Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player (b. 1954) 1996 Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States (b. 1918) 1997 Red Skelton, American entertainer (b. 1913) 2000 Paula Yates, British television personality (b. 1959) From 2001 2003 Erich Hallhuber, German actor (b. 1951) 2006 Patricia Kennedy Lawford, sister of John F. Kennedy (b. 1924) 2009 Noordin Mohammad Top, Malaysian Islamist militant (b. 1968) 2011 Kurt Sanderling, German conductor (b. 1912) 2012 Russell Train, American politician (b. 1920) 2013 Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist (b. 1913) 2013 Marti de Riquer i Morera, Spanish-Catalan linguist (b. 1914) 2014 Andriy Husin, Ukrainian footballer (b. 1972) 2014 China Zorrilla, Uruguayan actress (b. 1922) 2014 George Hamilton IV, American country music singer (b. 1937) 2014 Peter von Bagh, Finnish movie historian (b. 1943) 2014 Lorna Thomas, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1917) 2015 Dettmar Cramer, German football manager (b. 1925) 2015 Milo Hamilton, American sportscaster (b. 1927) 2015 David Willcocks, British choirmaster (b. 1919) 2015 Vadim Kuzmin, Russian theoretical physicist (b. 1937) 2016 Bahman Golbarnezhad, Iranian Paralympic cyclist (b. 1968) 2016 Charmian Carr, American actress (b. 1942) 2016 Sigge Parling, Swedish footballer (b. 1930) Observances Constitution Day (United States) Heroes' Day (Angola) Days of the year

10067

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2010

October 10

Events Up to 1900 19 - Roman general Germanicus dies under mysterious circumstances in Antioch in present-day Turkey. It is believed that he was poisoned on the orders of Emperor Tiberius. 680 – Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, was decapitated by forces under Caliph Yazid I. This is commemorated by Shi'a Muslims as Aashurah. 732 – Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into Western Europe. The governor of Cordoba, Abd-ar-Rahman, is killed during the battle. 1471 – Battle of Brunkeberg in Stockholm: Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by Christian I, King of Denmark. 1575 – Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Duke Henry of Guise defeated the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others. 1582 – Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. 1631 – Thirty Years' War: A Saxon army takes over Prague. 1760 - In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname, descended from escaped slaves, gain extra freedom. 1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 kills 20,000-30,000 in the Caribbean. 1798 - British troops occupy Menorca. 1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later renamed the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 midshipmen students and seven professors. 1846 - Neptune's moon Triton is discovered by British astronomer William Lassell. 1868 – Carlos Céspedes issued the Grito de Yara from his plantation, La Demajagua, proclaiming Cuba's independence. 1871 - Chicago burns after an accident. 1877 – Lieutenant-Colonel George Armstrong Custer is given a funeral with full military honors. 1882 - The Bank of Japan is founded. 1892 - British passenger ship Bokhara sinks in a Typhoon off the west of Taiwan, killing 125 people. 1897 - German chemist Felix Hoffmann discovers an improved way of synthesizing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). 1901 1950 1908 – Baseball Writers Association forms. 1910 – Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity is established at Columbia University. 1911 – Wuchang Uprising which led to the demise of Qing Dynasty, the last emperial court in China, and the founding of the Republic of China. 1913 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggered the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal. 1920 – The Carinthian Plebiscite determined that the larger part of Carinthia became part of Austria. 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the Republic of China. 1933 – A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed by sabotage while en route from Cleveland, Ohio to Chicago, Illinois, the first such proven case in the history of commercial aviation. 1935 - A coup occurs in Athens the royalist leadership of the Greek Army. 1938 – The Blue Water Bridge opens, connecting Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario. 1938 – World War II: The Munich Agreement cedes the Sudetenland to Germany. 1942 - The Soviet Union and Australia create diplomatic relations. 1944 – Holocaust: 800 Gypsy children are systematically murdered at Auschwitz death camp. 1951 2000 1957 - The Windscale fire occurs in Cumbria, England, in the world's first nuclear accident. 1957 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he was refused service in a Dover, Delaware restaurant. 1963 - France cedes control of Bizerte naval base to Tunisia. 1964 – The 1964 Summer Olympics open in Tokyo, Japan 1966 – Simon and Garfunkel release the album Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme. 1967 - The Outer Space Treaty comes into force, having been signed on January 27. 1970 – Fiji becomes independent. 1970 – In Montreal, Quebec, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group. 1971 – Sold, dismantled and moved to the United States, the London Bridge reopens in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. 1973 – Vice President of the United States Spiro Agnew resigns after being charged with federal income tax evasion. 1975 - Papua New Guinea joins the UN. 1978 – US President Jimmy Carter signs a bill into law that authorizes the minting of the Susan B. Anthony dollar. 1979 – The Pac-Man arcade game is released to the Japanese market by Namco. 1980 - A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hits the town of El Asnam, Algeria, killing 3,500 people. 1985 – United States Navy F-14 fighter jets intercept an Egyptian plane carrying the Achille Lauro cruise ship hijackers and force it to land at a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) base in Sigonella, Sicily where they are arrested. 1986 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale strikes San Salvador, El Salvador, killing an estimated 1,500 people. 1987 – Fiji becomes a republic. 1997 – An Austral Airlines DC-9-32 crashes and explodes near Nuevo Berlin, Uruguay, killing 74. 1998 - A Lignes Aeriennes Congolaises Boeing 727 airplane is shot down by rebels over Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 41 people. 1999 - In London, the London Eye is raised. From 2001 2001 – US President George W. Bush presents a list of 22 most wanted terrorists. 2005 – Channel 4's new 'adult' entertainment channel More4 starts broadcasting on ntl, Sky Digital and Freeview in the UK. 2005 – Angela Merkel is announced to be the new Chancellor of Germany. She officially becomes Chancellor on November 22. 2005 – Most Aardman Animations props are melted in a warehouse fire. Props from Chicken Run and Wallace and Gromit are destroyed. 2008 - Martti Ahtisaari wins the Nobel Peace Prize. 2008 - A bomb attack in Orakzai, Pakistan, kills 110 people. 2010 – The Netherlands Antilles are split up. The islands of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius becomes special municipalities of the Netherlands proper. Curaçao and Sint Maarten become constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. 2014 - The Nobel Peace Prize is shared between Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai, who also becomes the youngest-ever winner of a Nobel Prize. 2015 - Two bomb attacks at a peace demonstration in Ankara kill at least 102 people. 2017 - President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont delays his region's declaration of independence from Spain. 2018 - Hurricane Michael makes landfall in Florida, as one of the strongest hurricanes to hit the mainland of the United States. 2019 - Olga Tokarczuk (for 2018) and Peter Handke win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 2020 - A ceasefire takes effect after almost two weeks of intense fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh. Births Up to 1900 1201 - Richard de Fournival, French philosopher (d. 1260) 1344 - Mary Plantagenet, English princess (d. 1362) 1470 - Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1520) 1486 - Charles III of Savoy (d. 1553) 1567 - Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain (d. 1597) 1669 - Johann Nicolaus Bach, German composer (d. 1753) 1678 - John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (d. 1743) 1684 – Antoine Watteau, French painter (d. 1721) 1700 - Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor (d. 1759) 1731 – Henry Cavendish, English scientist (d. 1810) 1738 - Benjamin West, American painter (d. 1820) 1780 – John Abercrombie, Scottish physician (d. 1844) 1794 - William Whiting Boardman, American politician (d. 1871) 1813 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (d. 1901) 1819 - Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger, German theologian (d. 1883) 1825 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer politician (d. 1904) 1828 - Samuel J. Randall, American politician (d. 1890) 1830 – Isabella II of Spain (d. 1904) 1834 – Aleksis Kivi, Finnish writer (d. 1872) 1837 - Robert Gould Shaw, American army officer (d. 1863) 1858 - Maurice Prendergast, American painter (d. 1924) 1860 - Joan Maragall, Catalan poet (d. 1911) 1861 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian polar explorer, scientist and diplomat (d. 1930) 1861 - Edouard Dujardin, French writer (d. 1949) 1861 - Claudio Williman, President of Uruguay (d. 1934) 1863 - Helen Dunbar, American actress (d. 1933) 1863 - Vladimir Obruchev, Russian geographer, geologist and writer (d. 1956) 1870 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer (d. 1953) 1870 - Louise Mack, Australian writer (d. 1935) 1878 - Blanche Lazzell, American painter, printmaker and designer (d. 1956) 1885 - Walter Anderson, German folklorist (d. 1962) 1885 - José Alvalade, Portuguese football team founder (d. 1918) 1888 - Pietro Lana, Italian footballer (d. 1950) 1889 - Kermit Roosevelt, American writer, businessman and military officer (d. 1943) 1890 - Morley Griswold, Governor of Nevada (d. 1951) 1895 - Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (d. 1945) 1899 – Wilhelm Röpke, German economist (d. 1966) 1900 - Helen Hayes, American actress and singer (d. 1993) 1901 1925 1901 – Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (d. 1966) 1903 – Charles, Prince Regent of Belgium (d. 1983) 1910 - Price Daniel, Governor of Texas (d. 1988) 1910 - Harold LeVander, Governor of Minnesota (d. 1992) 1911 - Clare Hollingworth, English journalist and author (d. 2017) 1913 – Claude Simon, French writer (d. 2005) 1917 - Thelonious Monk, American jazz musician (d. 1962) 1918 - John W. King, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1996) 1918 - Yigal Allon, Israeli politician (d. 1980) 1919 - Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1920 - Gail Halvorsen, American pilot, took part in the Berlin Airlift 1923 - Nicholas Parsons, British actor and presenter (d. 2020) 1923 – Murray Walker, British sports commentator 1923 – James Jabara, American air force pilot (d. 1966) 1924 – James Clavell, Australian writer (d. 1994) 1924 - Ludmilla Tchérina, French ballerina, sculptor, actress, painter, choreographer and author (d. 2004) 1924 - Ed Wood, American director, producer, actor and screenwriter (d. 1978) 1926 1950 1926 – Richard Jaeckel, American actor (d. 2007) 1926 - Oscar Brown, Jr., American singer, poet and activist (d. 2005) 1927 - Nedunuri Krishnamurthy, Indian singer (d. 2014) 1929 - Bernard Mayes, British broadcaster (d. 2014) 1930 – Yves Chauvin, French chemist (d. 2015) 1930 – Harold Pinter, British playwright (d. 2008) 1933 - Daniel Massey, British actor (d. 1998) 1933 – Jay Sebring, American hairstylist and murder victim (d. 1969) 1935 - Abu Jihad, Palestinian founder of Fatah (d. 1988) 1935 – Hermann Nuber, German footballer 1936 – Gerhard Ertl, German chemist 1936 - Judith Chalmers, English television host 1937 - Peter Underwood, 27th Governor of Tasmania (d. 2014) 1940 - Nol Heijerman, Dutch footballer (d. 2015) 1940 – Winston Spencer-Churchill, British politician, grandson of Winston Churchill (d. 2010) 1941 – Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer and activist (d. 1995) 1941 - Peter Coyote, American actor 1942 – Radu Vasile, former Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2013) 1943 – Reinhard Libuda, German footballer (d. 1996) 1945 - Edoardo Reja, Italian footballer and coach 1946 – Charles Dance, English actor 1946 – Naoto Kan, former Prime Minister of Japan 1946 - John Prine, American singer, songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020) 1946 – Chris Tarrant, English television presenter 1946 - Ann Mather, English author 1948 - Sue Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Loughborough, English academic and businesswoman 1948 - Roger B. Wilson, former Governor of Missouri 1949 - Lance Cairns, New Zealand cricketer 1949 - Wang Wanxing, Chinese activist 1950 – Nora Roberts, American novelist 1951 1975 1951 - Epeli Ganilau, Fijian statesman 1953 – Midge Ure, Scottish musician 1954 - David Lee Roth, American singer (Van Halen) 1954 – Rekha, Indian actress 1954 - Fernando Santos, Portuguese footballer and manager 1956 - Taur Matan Ruak, Prime minister and former President of East Timor 1956 - Amanda Burton, British actress 1956 - Fiona Fullerton, British actress 1956 - David Hempleman-Adams, English businessman and adventurer 1956 - Paul Sturrock, Scottish footballer and manager 1957 – Rumiko Takahashi, Japanese mangaka 1958 - Tanya Tucker, American country music singer and musician 1959 – Kirsty MacColl, English singer (d. 2000) 1959 - Julia Sweeney, American actress 1959 - Bradley Whitford, American actor 1960 - Simon Townshend, English guitarist, singer and songwriter 1961 - Martin Kemp, English singer and actor (Spandau Ballet) 1964 - Sarah Lancashire, English actress 1964 - Daniel Pearl, American journalist (d. 2002) 1965 - Toshi, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer 1965 - Chris Penn, American actor (d. 2006) 1965 - Rebecca Pidgeon, American-English actress and singer-songwriter 1966 – Tony Adams, English footballer 1967 - Jonathan Littell, American-French writer 1967 - Mike Malinin, American drummer (Goo Goo Dolls) 1967 - Gavin Newsom, American politician, current Governor of California and former Mayor of San Francisco 1969 – Brett Favre, American football player 1970 – Silke Kraushaar-Pielach, German luger 1970 – Matthew Pinsent, British rower 1970 - Dean Kiely, Irish footballer 1970 - Bai Ling, Chinese actress 1971 - Graham Alexander, British footballer and manager 1971 - Markus Heitz, German author 1972 - Alexei Zhitnik, Russian ice hockey player 1972 - Nicky Morgan, English politician 1974 – Julio Ricardo Cruz, Argentine footballer 1974 - Dale Earnhardt, Jr., American racing driver 1975 - Ihsahn, Norwegian singer-songwriter, musician and producer 1975 - Jacqueline Pirie, Scottish actress From 1976 1976 – Shane Doan, Canadian ice hockey player 1979 – Nicolás Massú, Chilean tennis player 1979 - Mya, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer and actress 1979 - Kangta, South Korean singer-songwriter, producer and actress 1980 - Sherine, Egyptian singer and actress 1980 - Tim Maurer, American singer-songwriter (Suburban Legends) 1981 - Una Healy, Irish singer (The Saturdays) 1982 - Logi Geirsson, Icelandic handball player 1982 - Yasser Al-Qahtani, Saudi Arabian footballer 1983 – Nikos Spiropoulos, Greek footballer 1984 - Chiaki Kuriyama, Japanese actress 1985 – Marina Diamandis, Welsh singer-songwriter (Marina and the Diamonds) 1987 - Colin Slade, New Zealand rugby player 1988 - Luis Cardozo, Paraguayan footballer 1989 - Aimee Teegarden, American actress 1991 – Gabriella Cilmi, Australian singer 1991 - Xherdan Shaqiri, Swiss footballer 1991 - Michael Carter-Williams, American basketball player 1992 - Jano Ananidze, Georgian footballer 1992 - Gabrielle Aplin, English singer-songwriter 1994 - Bae Suzy, South Korean singer, dancer and actress Deaths Up to 1900 19 – Germanicus, father of Caligula and brother of Claudius (b. 15 BC) 680 – Husayn bin Ali, grandson of Muhammad (b. 626) 1359 - Hugh IV of Cyprus (b. 1295) 1459 – Gianfrancesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist, classicist (b. 1380) 1531 – Huldrych Zwingli, leader of Swiss Reformation (b. 1484) 1659 – Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (b. 1603) 1708 - David Gregory, Scottish mathematician (b. 1659) 1723 - William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, English politician (b. 1665) 1725 - Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil, French politician (b. 1643) 1747 – John Potter, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1674) 1795 - Francesco Antonio Zaccaria, Italian theologian and historian (b. 1714) 1806 - Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (b. 1772) 1827 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer (b. 1778) 1837 - Charles Fourier, French philosopher (b. 1772) 1872 – William H. Seward, Secretary of State (b. 1801) 1875 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian novelist, poet and dramatist (b. 1817) 1893 – Lip Pike, American baseball player (b. 1845) 1901 2000 1901 – Lorenzo Snow, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1814) 1911 - Jack Daniel, American businessman (b. 1849) 1913 – Katsura Taro, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1848) 1913 - Adolphus Busch, German-American brewer and businessman (b. 1839) 1914 – Charles I of Romania (b. 1839) 1927 – Gustave Whitehead, German-born inventor (b. 1874) 1940 – Berton Churchill, American pioneer Hollywood actor (b. 1876) 1962 – Trygve Gulbranssen, Norwegian writer (b. 1894) 1964 – Eddie Cantor, American singer, vaudeville performer (b. 1892) 1964 - Guru Dutt, Indian actor, producer and director (b. 1925) 1966 - Charlotte Cooper, English tennis player (b. 1870) 1970 - Edouard Daladier, French politician (b. 1884) 1971 – John Cawte Beaglehole, New Zealand historian (b. 1901) 1973 - Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist (b. 1881) 1978 – Ralph Metcalfe, track and field athlete (b. 1910) 1979 – Christopher Evans, British psychologist and computer scientist (b. 1931) 1983 – Ralph Richardson, actor (b. 1902) 1985 – Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (b. 1920) 1985 – Orson Welles, American director, actor (b. 1915) 1998 - Marvin Gay, Sr., father and killer of Marvin Gaye (b. 1914) 1998 – Clark Clifford, United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1906) 2000 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan Prime Minister (b. 1916) From 2001 2003 – Eugene Istomin, American pianist (b. 1925) 2004 – Arthur H. Robinson, cartographer (b. 1915) 2004 – Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand writer (b. 1932) 2004 – Christopher Reeve, American actor (b. 1952) 2004 – Ken Caminiti, American baseball player (b. 1963) 2005 – Milton Obote, President of Uganda (b. 1924) 2008 - Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (b. 1947) 2009 – Stephen Gately, Irish singer (Boyzone) (b. 1976) 2010 – Solomon Burke, American soul singer and songwriter (b. 1940) 2010 – Hwang Jang-yop, North Korean politician and defector (b. 1923) 2010 – Joan Sutherland, Australian operatic soprano (b. 1926) 2011 – Albert Rosellini, American politician (b. 1910) 2011 - Jagjit Singh, Indian musician (b. 1941) 2012 - Alex Karras, American football player and actor (b. 1935) 2012 - Amanda Todd, American student, victim of cyberbullying (b. 1996) 2013 - Scott Carpenter, American test pilot, astronaut and aquanaut (b. 1925) 2014 - Valeri Karpov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1971) 2014 - Ed Nimmervoll, Austrian-Australian music journalist and author (b. 1947) 2014 - Finn Lied, Norwegian military researcher and politician (b. 1916) 2015 - Richard F. Heck, American chemist (b. 1931) 2017 - Cho Jin-ho, South Korean footballer (b. 1973) 2017 - Don Pedro Colley, American actor (b. 1938) 2017 - Pentti Holappa, Finnish poet, writer and politician (b. 1927) 2017 - Bob Schiller, American television writer (b. 1918) 2018 - Mary Midgley, English philosopher (b. 1919) 2018 - Raye Montague, American naval engineer (b. 1935) 2018 - Tex Winter, American basketball coach (b. 1922) 2019 - Ugo Colombo, Italian cyclist (b. 1940) 2019 - Richard Jeranian, Armenian-French painter and draftsman (b. 1921) 2019 - Tarek Kamel, Egyptian politician and computer engineer (b. 1962) 2019 - Juliette Kaplan, British actress (b. 1939) 2019 - Enrique Moreno, Mexican-American lawyer (b. 1955) 2019 - Marie-José Nat, French actress (b. 1940) 2020 - Vasili Kulkov, Russian footballer and manager (b. 1966) Observances Independence Day (Fiji) National Day of the Republic of China World Mental Health Day International Day Against the Death Penalty Arbor Day (Poland) Army Day (Sri Lanka) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2011

October 11

Events Up to 1900 1138 1138 Aleppo earthquake: A massive earthquake destroys much of Aleppo, Syria. 1142 A peace treaty between the Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty is formally ratified when a Jin Dynasty envoy arrives at the Song court. 1531 Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland. 1634 A flood disaster kills 15,000 people in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany. 1649 After a 10-day siege, the English New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell storms the town of Wexford, Ireland - 2,000 Irish troops and 1,500 civilians are killed. 1727 King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach are crowned king and queen. 1737 Calcutta is struck by an earthquake, killing around 300,000 people. 1746 War of Austrian Succession: The French defeat an army consisiting of Austrians, Dutch and British troops. 1767 Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line, separating Maryland and Pennsylvania, is completed. 1776 American War of Independence: In the Battle of Valcou, British forces destroy most United States Navy ships. 1797 French Revolutionary Wars: The Royal Navy captures eleven Dutch Navy ships without any losses in the Battle of Camperdown. 1809 Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies in mysterious circumstances. 1833 A big demonstration at the gates of the legislature of Buenos Aires forces the ousting of governor Juan Ramon Balcarce and his replacement with Juan Jose Viamonte. 1852 The University of Sydney, Australia is inaugurated. 1864 Campina Grande, Brazil becomes a city. 1890 In Washington, DC, the group Daughters of the American Revolution is founded. 1899 The Second Boer War erupts between the United Kingdom and the Boers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State in present-day South Africa. 1901 2000 1906 The San Francisco school board orders Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools (different schools from White American students), sparking a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan. 1910 Former President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to fly in an airplane. 1912 First Balkan War: The Greek army liberates the city of Kozani. 1918 The San Fermin earthquake hits Puerto Rico. 1941 Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia. 1942 World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance - In northwest Guadalcanal, US troops intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island. 1949 Wilhelm Pieck is elected the first, and only, President of East Germany. 1954 Frist Indochina War: The Viet Minh takes control of North Vietnam. 1957 M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik's booster rocket's orbit. 1958 NASA launches the Pioneer 1 lunar probe, which falls back to Earth and burns up. 1963 West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, aged 87, submits his resignation. 1968 NASA launches the Apollo 7 mission; Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham on board. 1975 Saturday Night Live is first broadcast. 1982 The Tudor warship Mary Rose, which sank in 1545, is salvaged near Portsmouth, England. 1984 On board the Space Shuttle Challenger, Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a spacewalk. 1984 An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-54 airplane crashes into maintenance vehicles in Omsk, Siberia, killing 178 people. 1986 Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan meet for talks in Reykjavik, Iceland. 1987 German politician Uwe Barschel is found dead in his hotel room in Geneva, Switzerland. 1996 A wood lorry and a school bus collide in Jogeva County, Estonia, killing 8 children. 2000 The 100th Space Shuttle mission launches, with the Space Shuttle Discovery. From 2001 2002 7 people are killed in a bomb attack on a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland. 2006 A small aircraft piloted by baseball player Cory Lidle crashes into a residential building (a building where people live) in New York City, killing both Lidle and his flight instructor, with 21 people being injured. 2008 Austrian far-right politician Jörg Haider is killed in a car crash. 2012 The UN designates this the first International Day of the Girl Child. 2013 The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the Nobel Peace Prize, the second time in a row that an organization has won the prize outright. 2013 At least 30 people die when a boat carrying them from North Africa gets into trouble off Lampedusa, in the Mediterranean Sea, just over a week after over 300 people are killed in a similar accident there. 2014 Charles Michel becomes Prime Minister of Belgium, replacing Elio Di Rupo. 2019 Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed wins the Nobel Peace Prize. Births Up to 1900 1335 Taejo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1408) 1616 Andreas Gryphius, German poet (d. 1664) 1661 Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742) 1671 King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730) 1672 Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian diplomat (d. 1742) 1675 Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729) 1738 Arthur Phillip, British admiral, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814) 1739 Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader and statesman (d. 1791) 1755 Fausto Elhuyar, Spanish chemist (d. 1833) 1758 Hermann Wilhelm Olbers, German physician and astronomer (d. 1840) 1788 Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867) 1806 Alexander Karadordevic, Prince of Serbia (d. 1886) 1814 Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888) 1815 Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian-born adventurer (d. 1881) 1821 George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905) 1844 Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916) 1846 Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina (d. 1906) 1863 Louis Cyr, famous Canadian strongman (d. 1912) 1865 Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (d. 1926) 1871 Johan Oscar Smith, Norwegian religious leader (d. 1943) 1872 Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946) 1872 Emily Davison, British Women's Rights activist (d. 1913) 1876 Paul Masson, French cyclist (d. 1944) 1879 Ernst Mally, Austrian philosopher (d. 1944) 1881 Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist 1881 Lewis Fry Richardson, British meteorologist (d. 1953) 1884 Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949) 1884 Eleanor Roosevelt, American human rights activist, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962) 1884 Sig Ruman, American actor (d. 1967) 1885 François Mauriac, French writer (d. 1970) 1885 Alfred Haar, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1933) 1887 Willie Hoppe, American billiards champion (d. 1959) 1891 Kim Seong-Su, Korean journalist and politician (d. 1955) 1895 Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982) 1899 Eddie Dyer, American baseball player (d. 1964) 1901 1950 1902 Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1979) 1905 Jean-Marie Villot, French cardinal (d. 1979) 1905 Fred Trump, American businessman, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999) 1911 Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentine long-distance runner (d. 1983) 1913 Joe Simon, American comic book artist and writer (d. 2011) 1918 Jerome Robbins, choreographer (d. 1998) 1919 Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990) 1919 Kader Firoud, Algerian footballer (d. 2005) 1919 Jean Vander Pyl, voice of Wilma Flintstone in The Flintstones cartoon (d. 1999). 1920 James Aloysius Hickey, American cardinal (d. 2004) 1920 Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (d. 2012) 1924 Mal Whitfield, American runner (d. 2015) 1925 Elmore Leonard, American novelist (d. 2013) 1926 Jean Alexander, English actress (d. 2016) 1926 Thich Nhat Wanh, Vietnamese author, monk and poet 1926 Neville Wran, former Premier of New South Wales (d. 2014) 1927 Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (d. 2005) 1927 William Perry, former United States Secretary of Defense 1927 Jim Prior, English politician (d. 2016) 1928 Marquis Alfonso de Portago, Grand Prix driver (d. 1957) 1929 Curtis Amy, American saxophonist (d. 2002) 1929 Raymond Moriyama, Canadian architect 1929 Liselotte Pulver, Swiss actress 1930 Ronnie Simpson, Scottish footballer (d. 2004) 1932 Dottie West, country music singer (d. 1991) 1936 C. Gordon Fullerton, American astronaut (d. 2013) 1937 Bobby Charlton, English footballer 1937 Jaan Kundla, Estonian politician 1939 Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player (d. 2018) 1940 Pouri Banayi, Iranian actress 1942 Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, producer, UNICEF Ambassador. 1942 Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, British academic and politician 1943 John Nettles, British actor 1943 Ilmar Reepalu, Swedish politician 1946 Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast 1946 Oba Chandler, American convicted murderer (d. 2011) 1947 Lucas Papademos, Greek economist and former Prime Minister of Greece 1947 Al Atkins, English singer-songwriter (Judas Priest) 1948 Cecilia, Spanish singer (d. 1976) 1948 Peter Turkson, Ghanaian cardinal 1949 Daryl Hall, musician 1950 Robert Pugh, Welsh actor 1951 1975 1951 Jean-Jacques Goldman, French pop singer, songwriter 1951 Kim Ja-ok, South Korean actress (d. 2014) 1951 Charles Shyer, American director, producer and writer 1953 David Morse, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1955 Hans-Peter Briegel, German footballer 1956 Nicanor Duarte Frutos, former President of Paraguay 1957 Dawn French, British comedienne 1958 Gregory Dudek, Canadian computer scientist and academic 1959 Allan Little, Scottish BBC correspondent 1961 Steve Young, American football player 1962 Joan Cusack, American actress 1962 Andy McCoy, Finnish-Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1963 Jordi Villacampa, Spanish basketball player 1963 Prince Faisal bin Al-Hussein of Jordan 1963 Ronny Rosenthal, Israeli footballer 1965 Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor 1965 Juan Ignacio Cirac, Spanish physicist 1966 Luke Perry, American actor (d. 2019) 1966 Todd Snider, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1967 Daniel Razon, Filipino TV host, singer and minister 1968 Claude Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player 1969 Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands 1969 Merieme Chadid, Moroccan astronomer 1972 Cherokee Parks, American basketball player 1973 Steven Pressley, Scottish footballer 1975 Orlando Maturana, Colombian footballer From 1976 1976 Emily Deschanel, American actress 1976 Dominic Aitchison, Scottish bass player and songwriter 1976 Raivo Kotov, Estonian architect 1976 Claudia Black, Australian actress 1977 Ty Wigginton, American baseball player 1979 Bae Doona, South Korean model and actress 1979 Andy Douglas, American professional wrestler 1980 Juan José Ribera, Chilean footballer 1981 Beau Brady, Australian actor 1982 Jermaine V. Mitchell, Rap musician 1983 Bradley James, British actor 1983 Ruslan Ponomariov, Ukrainian chess player 1985 Michelle Trachtenberg, actress 1985 Alvaro Fernandez, Uruguayan footballer 1985 Margaret Berger, Norwegian singer 1987 Mike Conley, Jr., American basketball player 1988 Cinthia Fernandez, Argentine acrobat-dancer, actress and model 1988 Omar Gonzalez, American soccer player 1988 Seamus Coleman, Irish footballer 1989 Michelle Wie, American golfer 1991 Jack Garratt, English singer and songwriter 1992 Cardi B, American rapper 1992 Emilia Bottas, Finnish swimmer 1993 Sean Murray, Irish footballer 2001 Daniel Maldini, Italian footballer Deaths Up to 1900 1188 Robert I, Count of Dreux (b. 1123) 1303 Pope Boniface VIII 1347 Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282) 1424 Jan Zizka, Czech general (b. 1360) 1531 Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484) 1705 Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663) 1708 Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician, physicist and physician and philosopher (d. 1651) 1779 Casimir Pulaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745) 1809 Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774) 1811 Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724) 1813 Robert Kerr, Scottish physician, writer and zoologist (b. 1757) 1830 José de La Mar, President of Peru (b. 1778) 1852 Ferdinand Eisenstein, mathematician (b. 1823) 1889 James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818) 1896 Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824) 1896 Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829) 1901 2000 1915 Jean-Henri Fabre, French writer, poet and naturalist (b. 1823) 1916 King Otto of Bavaria (b. 1848) 1940 Lluís Companys, Spanish President of Generalitat of Catalonia, (shot) (b. 1882) 1940 Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860) 1961 Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) 1963 Édith Piaf, French singer (b. 1915) 1963 Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889) 1965 Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895) 1965 Walther Stampfli, Swiss politician (b. 1884) 1971 Tamanoumi Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1944) 1976 Alfredo Bracchi, Italian writer (b. 1897) 1977 MacKinlay Kantor, American writer (b. 1904) 1987 Uwe Barschel, German politician (b. 1944) 1989 M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904) 1991 Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1902) 1993 Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927) 1996 Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907) 1996 Renato Russo, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940) 1998 Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914) 2000 Donald Dewar, main writer of the Scotland Act and initial First Minister of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1937) From 2001 2003 Edward Breathitt, Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924) 2004 Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919) 2005 Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister-in-exile (b. 1915) 2006 Cory Lidle, American baseball player (b. 1972) 2007 Werner von Trapp, one of the von Trapp family singers (b. 1915) 2007 Sri Chinmoy, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1931) 2008 Jörg Haider, Austrian far-right politician (car crash) (b. 1950) 2012 Helmut Haller, German footballer (b. 1939) 2012 Edgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (b. 1920) 2013 María de Villota, Spanish racing driver (b. 1980) 2013 Erich Priebke, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1913) 2014 Carmelo Simeone, Argentine footballer (b. 1933) 2014 Tanhum Cohen-Mintz, Israeli basketball player (b. 1939) 2015 Steve Mackay, American saxophonist (b. 1949) 2016 Patricia Barry, American actress (b. 1922) 2017 James R. Ford, American politician (b. 1925) 2017 Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (b. 1926) 2018 Doug Ellis, English businessman (b. 1924) 2018 Labinot Harbuzi, Swedish footballer (b. 1986) 2018 Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (b. 1937) 2018 Pran Nevile, Indian art historian (b. 1922) 2018 Yoshito Sengoku, Japanese politician (b. 1946) 2018 Hege Skjeie, Norwegian political scientist and columnist (b. 1955) 2018 Greg Stafford, American game designer (b. 1948) 2018 Hebe Uhart, Argentine novelist and columnist (b. 1936) 2019 Sam Bobrick, American television writer (b. 1932) 2019 Robert Forster, American actor (b. 1941) 2019 John Giorno, American poet and performance artist (b. 1936) 2019 Kadri Gopalnath, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1949) 2019 Alexei Leonov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1934) 2020 Hugo Arana, Argentine actor and comedian (b. 1943) 2020 Harold Betters, American jazz trombonist (b. 1928) 2020 Gary F. Jones, American racehorse trainer (b. 1944) 2020 Terry McBrayer, American politician (b. 1937) 2020 Ilya Moiseev, Russian chemist (b. 1929) 2020 Joe Morgan, American baseball player (b. 1943) 2020 John A. Ruthven, American wildlife artist (b. 1924) Observances International Day of the Girl Child National Coming Out Day in some countries Revolution Day (Republic of Macedonia) Old Michaelmas (Christianity) Days of the year

10069

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2023

October 23

Events Up to 1900 42 BC - Roman civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi - Mark Antony and Octavian defeat the army of Marcus Junius Brutus, who commits suicide shortly after. 425 – Valentinian III becomes Roman Emperor, at the age of 6. 1086 - Battle of az-Zallaqah: The army of Yusuf ibn Tashfa defeats forces of King Alfonso VI of Castile. 1157 - The Battle of Grathe-Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I of Denmark takes over. 1295 – Scotland and France sign the first treaty of the 'Auld Alliance' in Paris, against England. 1520 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in Aachen. 1642 – English Civil War: The Battle of Edgehill 1707 – The first parliament of Great Britain meets. 1739 - War of Jenkins' Ear: British Prime Minister Robert Walpole reluctantly declares war on Spain. 1812 - Charles Francois de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow then-Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, by falsely claiming that he (Napoleon) had died in his attempt to conquer Russia. 1850 - The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts. 1864 - American Civil War: Union forces defeat the Confederates in the Battle of Westport. 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory. 1901 2000 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an aircraft in the first heavier-than-air flight, in Paris. 1912 – The Battle of Kumanovo between Russian and Ottoman forces begins. 1915 - 25,000 to 33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue in New York City to advocate their right to vote. 1917 - Vladimir Lenin calls for the October Revolution in Russia. 1929 – Great Depression: The first signs of panic show. 1940 - Norwegian Hurtigruten passenger steamer Prinsesse Ragnhild sinks after an explosion off northern Norway, killing 299 people on board. 1941 – World War II: Georgy Zhukov takes command of the Red Army operation to prevent the Nazis' further advances into Russia. 1942 – World War II: The Second Battle of El Alamein takes place, as the British Eighth Army begins an offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt. 1942 - World War II: The Battle of Henderson Field begins in the Guadalcanal Campaign, lasting until October 26. 1944 – World War II: The Red Army enters Hungary. 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines. 1946 – In New York, the UN General Assembly meets for the first time. 1956 – The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against Soviet rule begins. 1958 - The Smurfs cartoons appear for the first time. 1958 - The Springhill Mine Bump mining disaster in Nova Scotia, killing 74 people, with 100 surviving the accident. 1970 - Gary Gabelich sets a land-speed record in a rocket-powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled by natural gas. 1972 - Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker - The US ends a bombing campaign of North Vietnam following the Easter Offensive. 1973 - A UN-sanctioned ceasefire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria. 1983 – A truck bomb hits a US barracks in Lebanon, killing 241 troops. On the same day, another truck bomb hits a French barracks, killing 58 military personnel. 1989 – The Hungarian Republic is declared. 1989 - The Philips Disaster in Pasadena, Texas kills 23 people. 1992 – Akihito becomes the first Japanese Emperor to stand on Chinese soil. 1995 - Yolanda Saldivar is convicted of murdering the singer Selena on March 31 of the same year. From 2001 2001 – The iPod is released. 2002 – The Moscow Theatre Siege begins, as Chechen terrorists take around 700 theatregoers hostage. 2003 - The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, designed by Frank Gehry, is opened. 2004 – An earthquake in the Niigata Prefecture in Japan kills 35 people and injures around 2,200. 2005 – Hurricane Wilma hits the Yucatan, in Mexico. 2005 – Lech Kaczynski is elected President of Poland, ahead of Donald Tusk. 2011 – New Zealand wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating France 8-7 in Auckland. 2011 – Motorcycle rider Marco Simoncelli is killed in a crash at the Malaysian Moto GP. 2011 – A powerful magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits Van Province, in eastern Turkey. 2012 - The BBC ends its 38-year teletext service Ceefax, with Northern Ireland completing the United Kingdom's transition to digital television broadcasting. 2015 - Hurricane Patricia is measured as the heaviest hurricane ever to hit North or Central America, as it hits the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico. 2015 - 43 people, mostly pensioners on a day-trip, die in a coach crash in Southwestern France, in one of the country's deadliest-ever road accidents. 2018 - The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge is officially opened by Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping. 2018 - October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts: A mail bomb addressed to former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is caught by police, after one addressed to George Soros was caught the previous day. 2019 - The bodies of 39 people are found in a lorry trailer at Purfleet, Essex, England. Births Up to 1900 63 BC - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman general (d. 12 BC) 1503 – Isabella of Portugal (d. 1539) 1516 – Charlotte of Valois, French princess (d. 1524) 1634 - Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1715) 1654 - Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian Jesuit composer (d. 1712) 1713 - Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778) 1715 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (d. 1730) 1762 - Samuel Morey, American inventor (d. 1843) 1770 - George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, Scottish soldier and colonial administrator (d. 1838) 1771 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813) 1796 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1857) 1801 – Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851) 1813 – Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer (d. 1848) 1815 - Joao Mauricio Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889) 1817 - Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875) 1831 - Basil Lanneau Gilders Lane, American classical scholar (d. 1924) 1835 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914) 1844 - Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930) 1857 – Juan Luna, Filipino painter (d. 1899) 1868 - Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, British industrialist, financier and politician (d. 1930) 1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936) 1871 - Gjergj Fishta, Albanian poet (d. 1940) 1873 - William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (d. 1975) 1875 - Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946) 1876 - Franz Schlegelberger, German politician (d. 1970) 1880 - Una O'Connor, Irish actress (d. 1959) 1885 - Lawren Harris, Canadian painter (d. 1970) 1893 – Gummo Marx, American actor (d. 1977) 1894 - Rube Bressler, American baseball player (d. 1966) 1896 - Roman Jakobson, Russian-born linguist (d. 1982) 1896 - Lilyan Tashman, American actress (b. 1934) 1901 1950 1905 – Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist (d. 1983) 1905 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003) 1905 - Yen Chia-han, President of the Republic of China (d. 1993) 1908 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist (d. 1990) 1910 - Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993) 1910 - Hayden Rorke, American actor (d. 1987) 1911 - Jack Keller, American hurdler (d. 1978) 1918 - James Daly, American actor (d. 1978) 1919 - Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (d. 1992) 1920 - Lygia Clark, Brazilian artist (d. 1988) 1920 - Bob Montana, American cartoonist (d. 1975) 1922 - Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington, English politician (d. 2018) 1922 - Coleen Gray, American actress (d. 2015) 1923 - Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Vice President of India (d. 2010) 1925 – Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (d. 1994) 1925 – Johnny Carson, American television host (d. 2005) 1927 - Barron Hilton, American businessman (d. 2019) 1927 – Leszek Kolakowski, Polish philosopher (d. 2009) 1927 - Dezso Gyarmati, Hungarian water polo player (d. 2013) 1928 - Zhu Rongji, Chinese politician 1929 - Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist (d. 2006) 1931 - Diana Dors, British actress (d. 1984) 1931 – Jim Bunning, American baseball player and politician 1936 – Philip Kaufman, American director 1938 – H. John Heinz III, American politician (d. 1991) 1940 – Pelé, Brazilian footballer 1940 - Jane Holzer, American model, actress, producer and art collector 1941 - Lawrence Foster, American conductor 1941 - Igor Smirnov, Moldovan politician 1942 - Bernd Erdmann, German footballer 1942 – Michael Crichton, American writer (d. 2008) 1942 – Anita Roddick, British businesswoman (d. 2007) 1945 - Maggi Hambling, British painter and sculptor 1945 – Kim Larsen, Danish musician and singer (d. 2018) 1945 - Michel Vautrot, French football referee 1947 - Kazimierz Deyna, Polish footballer (d. 1989) 1947 – Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, leader of Hamas (d. 2004) 1948 - Gerry Robinson, Irish businessman and television presenter 1949 – Michael Burston (Wurzel), British musician (Motorhead) (d. 2011) 1951 1975 1951 – Charly García, Argentine singer 1951 – Fatmir Sejdiu, former President of Kosovo 1951 - Angel de Andres Lopez, Spanish actor (d. 2016) 1952 - Ken Tipton, American entrepreneur, actor, director, writer and producer 1954 – Ang Lee, Taiwanese movie director 1954 - Uli Stein, German footballer 1956 - Dianne Reeves, American jazz singer 1956 - Dwight Yoakam, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor 1957 - Martin Luther King III, American activist 1957 - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda 1959 - Sam Raimi, American movie director 1959 – "Weird Al" Yankovic, American musical parodist 1960 – Randy Pausch, American computer scientist and writer (d. 2008) 1961 – Andoni Zubizarreta, Spanish footballer 1962 - Stefano Colantuono, Italian footballer and coach 1963 - Rashidi Yekini, Nigerian footballer (d. 2012) 1964 – Robert Trujillo, American musician (Metallica) 1967 - Omar Linares, Cuban baseball player 1968 - Maria Darling, English voice actress 1969 - Trudi Canavan, Australian writer 1969 - Dolly Buster, Czech-German pornographic actress 1970 - Matthew Barzun, American diplomat 1971 - Bohuslav Sobotka, Czech politician, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic 1973 – Christian Dailly, Scottish footballer 1975 - Yoon Sun-ha, South Korean actress and singer From 1976 1976 - Cat Deeley, British television personality 1976 – Ryan Reynolds, Canadian actor 1978 – Jimmy Bullard, English footballer 1978 – Archie Thompson, Australian footballer 1978 - Steve Harmison, English cricketer 1978 - John Lackey, American baseball player 1979 – Simon Davies, Welsh footballer 1984 – Izabel Goulart, Brazilian model 1984 - Meghan McCain, American columnist and author 1985 - Masiela Lusha, Albanian-born American writer and actress 1985 - Lachlan Gillespie, Australian musician (The Wiggles) 1985 - Mohammed Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer 1986 - Briana Evigan, American actress 1986 - Jessica Stroup, American actress 1986 - Emilia Clarke, English actress 1987 - Faye Hamlin, Swedish singer 1988 - Jordan Crawford, American basketball player 1989 - Andriy Yarmolenko, Ukrainian footballer 1990 – Paradise Oskar, Finnish singer 1991 – Princess Mako of Akishino of Japan 1992 - Alvaro Morata, Spanish footballer 1993 - Taylor Spreitler, American actress 1994 - Georgia Toffolo, English television personality 1997 - Daphne Blunt, American actress and singer 1998 - Amandla Stenberg, American actress Deaths Up to 1900 42 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus (suicide) (b. 85 BC) 877 - Ignatius, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 797) 891 - Yazaman al-Khadim, Arab military leader 930 – Emperor Daigo of Japan (b. 885) 1157 - Sweyn III of Denmark (b. 1120) 1456 - Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (b. 1381) 1581 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1529) 1616 - Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (b. 1563) 1774 - Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715) 1869 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799) 1872 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811) 1885 - Charles S. West, Texan jurist and politician (b. 1829) 1893 - Alexander Battenberg, Prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857) 1896 - Columbus Delano, American politician (b. 1809) 1901 2000 1910 – Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (now Thailand) (b. 1853) 1915 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848) 1921 – John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (b. 1840) 1930 - Vicente Casanova y Marzol, Archbishop of Granada (b. 1854) 1938 - Jean-Guy Gautier, French rugby player (b. 1875) 1939 – Zane Grey, American writer (b. 1872) 1940 - George R. Cortelyou, American politician (b. 1862) 1944 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist (b. 1877) 1944 - Hana Brady, Czech Holocaust victim (b. 1931) 1948 - Carl Edward Bailey, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1894) 1950 – Al Jolson, American singer and actor (b. 1886) 1957 – Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905) 1959 - Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (b. 1871) 1979 - Antonio Caggiano, Argentine cardinal (b. 1889) 1983 – Jessica Savitch, journalist (b. 1947) 1984 - Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922) 1986 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, won the 1843 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893) 1988 - Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1929) 1989 - Armida, Mexican-American actress, singer and dancer (b. 1911) 1990 – Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher (b. 1918) 1994 - Robert Lansing, American actor (b. 1928) 1997 - Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1916) 2000 - Rodney Adnoa'i, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1966) From 2001 2003 – Tony Capstick, British actor, comedian, musician and broadcaster (b. 1944) 2003 – Soong May-ling, widow of Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1898) 2004 - George Silk, New Zealand-American photographer (b. 1916) 2005 - John Muth, American economist (b. 1930) 2009 – Lou Jacobi, Canadian actor (b. 1913) 2010 – David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (b. 1961) 2011 - Nusrat Bhutto, former First Lady of Pakistan (b. 1929) 2011 – Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1987) 2011 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel Prize-winning chemist (b. 1917) 2011 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927) 2011 - Bronislovas Lubys, former Prime Minister of Lithuania (b. 1938) 2012 - Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian novelist and poet (b. 1934) 2012 - Wilhelm Brasse, Polish photographer (b. 1917) 2013 - Bill Mazer, American TV and radio presenter (b. 1920) 2013 - Anthony Caro, British sculptor (b. 1924) 2014 - Alvin Stardust, British singer (b. 1942) 2014 - Ghulam Azam, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1922) 2014 - John Bramlett, American football player (b. 1941) 2014 - Bernard Mayes, British author and broadcaster (b. 1929) 2014 - André Piters, Belgian footballer (b. 1931) 2014 - Tullio Regge, Italian physicist (b. 1931) 2015 - Krunoslav Hulak, Croatian chess player (b. 1951) 2015 - Leon Bibb, American folk singer (b. 1922) 2015 - Paride Tumburus, Italian footballer (b. 1939) 2015 - Jimmy Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1946) 2016 - Jimmy Perry, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1923) 2016 - Pete Burns, English singer-songwriter (b. 1959) 2016 - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar (b. 1932) 2017 - Walter Lassally, German-born British-Greek cinematographer (b. 1926) 2017 - Paul J. Weitz, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1932) 2018 - Skip Campbell, American politician (b. 1948) 2018 - James Karen, American actor (b. 1923) 2018 - Alojz Rebula, Italian-Slovenian writer, playwright and essayist (b. 1924) 2018 - Laurens van Ravens, Belgian football referee (b. 1922) 2019 - Santos Juliá, Spanish historian and sociologist (b. 1940) 2019 - James W. Montgomery, American Episcopalian prelate (b. 1921) 2019 - Alfred Znamierowski, Polish vexillologist (b. 1940) Observances Mole Day (Chemists) Chulalongkorn Day (Thailand) National Day of Hungary Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle Days of the year

10070

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2026

October 26

Events Up to 1900 1341 - The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 begins. 1597 - Imjin War: Admiral Yi Sun-sin decisively defeats the Japanese navy of 300 ships with only 13 ships of his own. 1640 – The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Scotland and Charles I of Scotland and England. 1689 – The Bill of Rights 1689 is recognised by Great Britain's dual monarchy. 1689 - General Enea Silvio Piccolimini of Austria burns down Skopje, in the present-day Republic of Macedonia. 1708 - The final stone of the newly-rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral in London is laid by the son of Christopher Wren. 1774 - The First Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1775 - George III of Great Britain and Ireland authorises military force against the American colonies. 1776 - Benjamin Franklin leaves the United States for France to seek French support for the American Revolutionary War. 1811 - Argentina's government declares the freedom of expression for the press by decree. 1813 - War of 1812: A combined force of British regulars, Canadian militia and Mohawks defeats the Americans in the Battle of Chateauguay. 1825 – The Erie Canal opens, linking Albany, New York to Lake Erie. 1859 - British clipper Royal Charter gets into a storm of the island of Anglesey, Wales, being thrown against rocks before sinking, killing 449 people, including all the women and children on board. 1861 - The Pony Express officially ends operations. 1863 - The English Football Association is founded. 1881 – The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place in Tombstone, Arizona. 1896 – Addis Ababa agreement forces Italy to recognise Ethiopia's independence. 1901 2000 1905 – Norway becomes independent from Sweden. 1909 – Japanese Governor of Korea, Hirobumi Ito is shot dead by Korean nationalist Ahn Jung-geun in Harbin, Manchuria. 1912 - First Balkan War: Thessaloniki officially unites with Greece. 1917 - World War I: In the Battle of Caporetto, Italy is decisively defeated by forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany. 1917 - World War I: Brazil declares a state of war against the Central Powers. 1918 - General Erich Ludendorff is dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany for refusing to take part in peace negotiations. 1921 - The Chicago Theatre opens. 1936 - The first electric generator at the Hoover Dam, on the Arizona-Nevada border, goes into full operation. 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in the Guadalcanal Campaign, ending in Japanese victory. 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf ends in US victory. 1947 - The Maharaja, state ruler, of Kashmir & Jammu agrees to allow his kingdom to join India. 1951 - Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a second time. 1955 – Austria declares permanent neutrality. 1955 – Ngo Dinh Diem declares himself leader of South Vietnam. 1958 - Pan American Airways makes the first commercial flight of the Boeing 707 from New York City to Paris. 1964 - Eric Edgar Cooke is the last person to be executed in Western Australia. 1965 - Austria celebrates its national holiday on this date for the first time. 1967 - Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, ruler of Iran, officially has himself crowned. 1968 - Soviet cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy pilots Soyuz 3 into space for a four-day mission. 1977 - The last natural case of Smallpox is discovered in Somalia. 1979 – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea is murdered by Kim Jae-kyu. Choi Kyu-ha becomes acting President. 1984 – The movie The Terminator, directed by James Cameron, and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton, is released. 1984 - The 1984-85 NBA regular season begins. 1985 – Uluru (Ayers Rock) is returned to Pitjantjiara Aborigines. 1994 – Jordan and Israel sign a peace treaty. 1995 – An avalanche hits the village of Flateyri, in Iceland's West Fjords, killing 20 people. 1995 - The European Parliament condemns French nuclear testing in the Pacific. 1997 - Canadian Jacques Villeneuve becomes the Formula One world champion. 1998 - President of Ecuador Jamil Mahuad and President of Peru Alberto Fujimori meet in Brasilia to agree to an end to their countries' border war. 2000 – Laurent Gbagbo becomes President of the Ivory Coast. From 2001 2001 - The United States passes the USA PATRIOT Act into law. 2002 – Approximately 50 Chechen terrorists and 150 hostages die when Russian security forces storm a theatre building in Moscow, which had been occupied by terrorists for three days. 2003 – The Cedar fire occurs in California, killing 15 people, destroying 1, 000 square kilometres of forests, and 2,200 homes around San Diego. 2012 - Media tycoon and former Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi is found guilty of tax fraud. 2015 - An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 strikes Afghanistan and Pakistan, killing at least 365 people. 2017 - Jacinda Ardern becomes the 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand, leading a Labour-New Zealand First Party coalition government. 2017 - The Tangerang fireworks disaster near Jakarta, Indonesia, kills at least 47 people. 2018 - October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts: Police in Florida arrest a 56-year-old suspect, Cesar Sayoc, in their hunt for the sender of several mail bombs to well-known figures in the US Democratic party and people who have criticized US President Donald Trump. 2018 - Michael D. Higgins is re-elected President of Ireland; on the same day the country's voters also vote to get rid of its blasphemy law. 2019 - Climbing the rock Uluru in Australia is officially banned. 2019 - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, is reported to have blown himself up during a US military operation in Northern Syria. Births Up to 1900 968 - Emperor Kazan of Japan (d. 1008) 1416 - Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent, English nobleman (d. 1490) 1427 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (d. 1496) 1431 - Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian nobleman (d. 1505) 1473 - Friedrich of Saxony, German nobleman (d. 1510) 1491 – Zhengde, Chinese Emperor (d. 1521) 1609 - William Sprague, English-born co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (d. 1675) 1673 - Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldovan prince and polymath (d. 1723) 1684 - Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian field marshal (d. 1757) 1685 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (d. 1757) 1694 - Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish composer (d. 1758) 1697 – John Peter Zenger, German-American journalist, publisher and editor (d. 1746) 1757 – Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Austrian philosopher (d. 1823) 1759 - Georges Jacques Danton, French Revolutionary leader (d. 1794) 1768 - Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko, Polish general and politician (d. 1844) 1778 - Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, Scottish politician and colonial administrator (d. 1866) 1794 – Konstantin Thon, Russian architect (d. 1881) (Nov 6 in Gregorian calendar) 1800 – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian field marshal (d. 1891) 1802 – King Miguel of Portugal (d. 1866) 1803 - Joseph Hansom, English architect and inventor (d. 1882) 1842 – Vasily Vereshchagin, Russian painter (d. 1904) 1849 - Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (d. 1917) 1850 - Grigore Tocilescu, Romanian historian, archaeologist (d. 1909) 1859 - Elizabeth Nourse, American painter (d. 1938) 1861 - Richard Sears, American tennis player (d. 1943) 1862 - Hilma af Klint, Swedish artist and mystic (d. 1944) 1865 - Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (d. 1912) 1869 – Washington Martínez Pereira de Sousa, President of Brazil (d. 1967) 1872 - Harold Fraser, American golfer (d. 1945) 1873 – Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1942) 1874 - Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, American art collector (d. 1948) 1874 - Martin Lowry, English physical chemist (d. 1936) 1880 - Andrei Bely, Russian writer (d. 1934) 1880 - Dmitry Karbyshev, Russian general (d. 1945) 1881 - Louis Bastien, French cyclist (d. 1963) 1883 - Napoleon Hill, American writer and philosopher (d. 1970) 1883 - Paul Pilgrim, American runner (d. 1958) 1890 - Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Indian journalist and freedom fighter (d. 1931) 1900 - Karin Boye, Swedish writer (d. 1941) 1900 – Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan (d. 1983) 1901 1950 1902 - Beryl Markham, British aviation pioneer (d. 1986) 1902 - Henrietta Hill Swope, American astronomer (d. 1980) 1906 - Primo Carnera, Italian boxer (d. 1967) 1909 - Ignace Lepp, French psychologist, writer and priest (d. 1966) 1910 - John Krol, American cardinal (d. 1996) 1911 - Sorley MacLean, Scottish poet (d. 1996) 1911 – Mahalia Jackson, American singer (d. 1972) 1912 – Don Siegel, American director (d. 1991) 1913 - Charlie Barnet, American jazz saxophonist, composer and bandleader (d. 1991) 1914 – Jackie Coogan, American actor (d. 1984) 1916 – François Mitterrand, President of France (d. 1996) 1919 – Edward Brooke, American politician (d. 2015) 1919 – Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980) 1919 - Princess Ashraf of Iran (d. 2016) 1919 - Thomas Funck, Swedish writer (d. 2010) 1919 - Jacob Pressman, American rabbi (d. 2015) 1922 - Madelyn Dunham, grandmother of Barack Obama (d. 2008) 1922 - Darcy Ribeiro, Brazilian anthropologist, author and politician (d. 1997) 1924 - Shaw Taylor, English actor and television presenter (d. 2015) 1924 - Reg Withers, Australian politician (d. 2014) 1926 – Bernhard Klodt, German footballer (d. 1996) 1926 - Bo Carpelan, Finnish writer (d. 2011) 1928 - Albert Brewer, former Governor of Alabama (d. 2017) 1930 - John Arden, British writer and dramatist (d. 2012) 1931 - Ronald Drever, Scottish physicist (d. 2017) 1933 - Takis Kanellopoulos, Greek movie director and screenwriter (d. 1990) 1934 - Jacques Loussier, French pianist (d. 2019) 1934 - Ulrich Plenzdorf, German author, screenwriter and dramatist (d. 2007) 1934 - Rod Hundley, American basketball player (d. 2015) 1935 - Mike Gray, American writer, screenwriter, cinematographer and producer (d. 2013) 1936 - Shelley Morrison, American actress (d. 2019) 1936 - György Pauk, Hungarian violinist 1939 - Willie Stevenson, Scottish footballer 1940 - Eddie Henderson, American jazz musician 1941 - Charlie Landsborough, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1942 - Milton Nascimento, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1942 – Bob Hoskins, English actor (d. 2014) 1944 - Jim McCann, Irish musician (d. 2015) 1945 - Pat Conroy, American writer (d. 2016) 1945 - Jaclyn Smith, American actress 1946 - Kevin Barron, English politician 1946 - Pat Sajak, American television host 1946 - Holly Woodlawn, American actress (d. 2015) 1947 – Hillary Clinton, 67th United States Secretary of State, and former First Lady of the United States 1947 – Christian Ude, German politician and former Mayor of Munich 1947 - Reg Empey, Northern Irish politician 1949 - Steve Rogers, American baseball player 1951 1975 1951 - Bootsy Collins, American musician 1951 - Tommy Mars, American musician 1952 - Arthur Graham, Scottish footballer 1952 – Andrew Motion, English poet 1952 - Lars Peter Hansen, American economist 1953 - Keith Strickland, American musician 1953 - Maureen Teefy, American actress 1955 - Baltasar Garzón, Spanish judge 1956 - Regina Benjamin, 18th Surgeon General of the United States 1956 - Rita Wilson, American actress 1957 - Hugh Dallas, Scottish football referee 1958 – Shaun Woodward, British politician 1959 – Evo Morales, President of Bolivia 1960 - Carlo Lucarelli, Italian writer and journalist 1961 - Dylan McDermott, American actor 1961 - Uhuru Kenyatta, President of Kenya 1962 - Cary Elwes, English actor and writer 1963 - Natalie Merchant, American singer 1963 - Ted Demme, American director, producer and actor (d. 2002) 1963 - Tom Kavanagh, Canadian actor and director 1965 – Kelly Rowan, Canadian actress 1966 - Steve Valentine, Scottish actor 1966 - Judge Jules, English DJ and producer 1967 – Keith Urban, New Zealand singer 1967 – Douglas Alexander, British politician 1968 - Robert Jarni, Croatian footballer 1970 - Lisa Ryder, Canadian actress 1971 - Audley Harrison, English boxer 1971 - Anthony Rapp, American actor 1971 - Rosemarie DeWitt, American actress 1972 - Riaz, Bangladeshi movie actor 1972 - Shan Sa, Chinese-French author and painter 1973 – Seth MacFarlane, American animator, voice actor, producer and director, creator of Family Guy and American Dad 1973 – Austin Healey, English rugby player 1974 - Lisa, Japanese musician From 1976 1977 - Sarah Storey, British Paralympic swimmer and cyclist 1977 - Jon Heder, American actor 1978 – CM Punk, American professional wrestler 1979 - Movsar Barayev, Chechnen militant (d. 2002) 1980 – Cristian Chivu, Romanian footballer 1980 - Khalid Abdalla, British actor 1981 - Martina Schild, Swiss apline skier 1981 - Guy Sebastian, Australian singer 1982 - Nicola Adams, British boxer 1983 – Dmitri Sychev, Russian footballer 1983 – Luke Watson, South African rugby player 1984 – Adriano Correia Claro, Brazilian footballer 1984 – Sasha Cohen, American figure skater 1984 – Jefferson Farfán, Peruvian footballer 1985 – Kieran Read, New Zealand rugby player 1985 - Andrea Bargnani, Italian basketball player 1985 - Monta Ellis, American basketball player 1985 - Asin, Indian actress 1985 - Kafoumba Coulibaly, Ivorian footballer 1986 - Marco Ruben, Argentine footballer 1986 - Schoolboy Q, American hip hop musician 1988 – Greg Zuerlein, American ice dancer 1992 - Cody Zeller, American basketball player 1993 - Sergey Karasev, Russian footballer 1994 - Allie DeBerry, American actress 1996 - Rebecca Tunney, British gymnast 2002 - Emma Schweiger, German actress Deaths Up to 1900 664 - Cedd, English Anglo-Saxon monk and Bishop of London (b. around 620) 899 – Alfred the Great, Saxon king of England (b. 849) 1235 – King Andrew II of Hungary (b. 1175) 1440 – Gilles de Rais, French serial killer (b. 1404) 1580 - Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (b. 1549) 1609 - Matsudaira Tadayori, Japanese daimyo and samurai (b. 1582) 1633 - Horio Tadaharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1596) 1675 - William Sprague, English-born co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609) 1679 - Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman and dramatist (b. 1621) 1717 - Catherine Sedley, English royal mistress (b. 1657) 1764 – William Hogarth, British painter (b. 1697) 1773 - Amedée-François Frezier, French military engineer and explorer (b. 1682) 1806 – John Graves Simcoe, first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada (b. 1752) 1864 - William T. Anderson, American Civil War rebel guerrilla leader (b. 1838) 1871 - Thomas Ewing, American politician (b. 1789) 1890 – Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (Pinocchio) (b. 1826) 1896 - Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour, French statesman (b. 1827) 1901 2000 1901 - Alfred Tysoe, British athlete (b. 1874) 1902 – Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American feminist, suffragette (b. 1815) 1909 – Prince Hirobumi Ito, former Japanese governor of Korea, and first Prime Minister of Japan (assassinated) (b. 1841) 1929 - Aby Warburg, German academic (b. 1866) 1931 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball owner (b. 1859) 1932 - Margaret Brown, American philanthropist, socialite and activist (b. 1867) 1937 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general, commander of Greater Poland Uprising in 1919 (b. 1867) 1941 – Arkady Gaidar, Soviet/Russian children's writer, died in combat (b. 1904) 1944 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (b. 1857) 1944 - William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1881) 1945 - Alexei Krylov, Russian engineer and mathematician (b. 1863) 1945 - Paul Pelliot, French explorer (b. 1878) 1946 – Ioannis Rallis, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1878) 1947 – Canon Edwin Sidney Savage, Rector of Hexham Abbey and St Bartholomew the Great (b. 1861) 1952 – Hattie McDaniel, American singer (b. 1895) 1956 – Walter Gieseking, French conductor (b. 1895) 1957 – Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer (b. 1883) 1957 - Gerty Cori, Czech-born American biochemist and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1896) 1965 - Sylvia Likens, American torture victim (b. 1949) 1966 – Alma Cogan, British singer (b. 1932) 1971 - Vincent Coleman, American actor (b. 1901) 1972 – Igor Sikorsky, helicopter pioneer (b. 1889) 1979 – Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (b. 1917) 1983 – Alfred Tarski, Polish mathematician (b. 1901) 1984 - Marc Kac, Polish mathematician (b. 1914) 1986 - Jackson Scholz, American runner (b. 1897) 1989 – Charles J. Pedersen, American organic chemist (b. 1904) 1995 – Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (b. 1913) 1999 – Hoyt Axton, musician (b. 1938) 1999 - Rex Gildo, German actor and singer (b. 1936) From 2001 2002 – Jacques Massu, French general (b. 1908) 2002 - Movsar Barayev, Chechen militant (b. 1979) 2005 - Rong Yiren, Chinese politician (b. 1916) 2007 - Khun Sa, Burmese warlord (b. 1934) 2007 – Dr. Arthur Kornberg, American scientist (b. 1918) 2008 – Tony Hillerman, American writer (b. 1925) 2009 - George Na'ope, American musician (b. 1928) 2010 – Paul the Octopus, FIFA World Cup 'oracle' (b. 2008) 2011 – Jona Senilagakali, Fijian politician, diplomat and physician (b. 1929) 2012 - John M. Johansen, American architect (b. 1916) 2013 - Ron Davies, Welsh photographer (b. 1921) 2014 - Oscar Taveras, Dominican baseball player (b. 1992) 2014 - Mo Collins, American football player (b. 1976) 2014 - Germain Gagnon, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1942) 2014 - Jeff Robinson, American baseball player (b. 1961) 2014 - Genpei Akasegawa, Japanese author and artist (b. 1937) 2014 - Senzo Meyiwa, South African footballer (b. 1987) 2015 - Ed Walker, American radio personality (b. 1932) 2015 - Leo Kadanoff, American physicist (b. 1937) 2017 - Ali Ashraf Darvishian, Iranian writer (b. 1941) 2017 - Arnett E. Girardeau, American politician (b. 1929) 2017 - Nelly Olin, French politician (b. 1941) 2017 - Stephen Toulouse, American policy specialist and policy relations manager (b. 1972) 2017 - Shea Norman, American gospel singer (b. 1971) 2018 - Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (b. 1944) 2018 - Ana González de Recabarren, Chilean human rights activist (b. 1925) 2018 - Warren B. Hamilton, American geologist (b. 1925) 2018 - György Károly, Hungarian poet and novelist (b. 1953) 2019 - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi terrorist, leader of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (b. 1971) 2019 - Paul Barrere, American guitarist (b. 1948) 2019 - Enriqueta Basilio, Mexican sprinter and hurdler (b. 1948) 2019 - Robert Evans, American film producer (b. 1930) 2019 - Chuck Meriwether, American baseball umpire (b. 1956) 2019 - V. Nanammal, Indian yoga teacher (b. 1920) 2019 - Natalya Pugacheva, Russian singer (Buranovskiye Babushki) (b. 1935) 2019 - Gregory E. Pyle, American politician (b. 1949) 2019 - Pascale Roberts, French actress (b. 1930) Observances National Holiday in Austria Angam Day (Nauru) Armed Forces Day (Benin) Accession Day (Jammu and Kashmir) Intersex Awareness Day Days of the year

10071

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2020

October 20

Events Up to 1950 1548 - The city of La Paz, Bolivia, is founded. 1708 - The new Saint Paul's Cathedral in London, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed. 1714 - George I of Great Britain and Ireland is crowned. 1720 - Caribbean pirate Calico Jack is captured by the Royal Navy. 1728 - The Great Fire of Copenhagen break out, and lasts for three days. 1740 – Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony refuse to honour the Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession begins. 1803 – United States Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase. 1818 - The Convention of 1818 is signed between the United States and United Kingdom. Among other things, it settles most of the Canada-United States border to run along the 49th parallel. 1827 – Battle of Navarino – a combined Turkish and Egyptian armada is destroyed by an allied British, French, and Russian naval force in the port of Navarino in Pylos, Greece. The most important result of this battle is the end of the Greek Liberation War and the affirmation of independence of modern Greece. 1831 - First day of trading on the Madrid Stock Exchange. 1883 – Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific. 1904 - Chile and Bolivia sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship. 1910 - The hull of the ship RMS Olympic is launched in Belfast. 1914 - World War I: The First Battle of Flanders begins. 1935 – The Long March ends in China. 1943 - Cargo vessel Sinfra is attacked by allied aircraft at Suda Bay, Crete and sunk. 2,098 Italian POWs drown. 1944 – The Soviet army captures Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia 1944 – Liquid natural gas leaks from storange tanks in Cleveland, Ohio, then explodes; the explosion and resulting fire level 30 blocks and kill 130. 1947 – The House Un-American Activities Committee begins its investigation into Communist infiltration of Hollywood, resulting in a blacklist that prevents some from working in the industry for years. 1948 - A KLM Lockheed L-049 Constellation airliner crashes at Glasgow Prestwick Airport in Scotland, killing all 40 people on board. From 1951 1952 - In then-British Kenya, leaders of the Mau-Mau uprising are arrested, including Jomo Kenyatta. 1968 – Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis. 1970 - Siad Barre declares Somalia a socialist state. 1971 - West German Chancellor Willy Brandt wins the Nobel Peace Prize. 1971 – The Nepal stock exchange collapses. 1973 – The Saturday Night Massacre: President Nixon fires Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork. 1973 – The Sydney Opera House opens. 1973 – The Six Million Dollar Man premieres on ABC. 1976 - The ferry George Prince is struck by a ship on the Mississippi River in Louisiana, killing 78 people. 18 survive. 1977 – A plane carrying Lynyrd Skynyrd crashes in Mississippi, killing several band members, including lead singer Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Steve Gaines. 1982 – St. Louis Cardinals defeat Milwaukee Brewers 6-3 to win 9th World Series Championship. 1986 – Yitzhak Shamir begins his second office term as Israel's prime minister. 1991 – A magnitude 6.8 earthquake in northern India kills around 1,000 people. 1991 – The Oakland Hills firestorm kills 25 and destroys 3469 homes and apartments, causing more than $2 billion in damage. 1995 - NATO Secretary-General Willy Claes resigns. 1999 – Abdurrahman Wahid is elected President of Indonesia. 2004 - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono becomes President of Indonesia. 2007 – South Africa wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating England in the final. 2011 – 2011 Libyan civil war: Forces loyal to the National Transitional Council take the city of Sirte, the last remaining pro-Gaddafi stronghold. Subsequently, Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi is captured and killed. 2013 - Luxembourg holds an early election after long-serving Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker was involved in a spy scandal. 2014 - Joko Widodo becomes President of Indonesia. 2018 - Around 700,000 people march against Brexit (and for a second referendum on the issue) in London, in the biggest such gathering in the United Kingdom since 2003. 2018 - Donald Trump decides to pull the United States out of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with Russia. Births Up to 1900 1435 - Andrea Della Robbia, Italian sculptor (died 1525) 1463 – Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (died 1512) 1469 – Guru Nanak Dev ji, The Founder of the Sikh religion. 1496 - Claude, Duke of Guise, French general (d. 1550) 1616 - Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician and theologian (died 1680) 1632 – Sir Christopher Wren, English architect (died 1723) 1677 – Stanislaw I Leszczynski, King of Poland (died 1766) 1711 - Timothy Ruggles, American politician (died 1795) 1759 – Chauncey Goodrich, U.S. Senator from Connecticut (died 1815) 1780 - Pauline Bonaparte, French sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (died 1825) 1784 – Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1865) 1785 - George Ormerod, British historian and antiquarian (died 1873) 1801 - Melchior Berri, Swiss architect (died 1854) 1808 – Karl Andree, German geographer (died 1875) 1819 – The Báb, prophet founder of the Bábí Faith, precursor to the Bahá'í Faith (died 1850) 1819 - Carl Mikuli, Polish pianist (died 1897) 1822 – Thomas Hughes, novelist (died 1896) 1825 - Daniel Sickles, American politician, soldier and diplomat (died 1914) 1832 - Constantin Lipsius, German architect (died 1894) 1836 - Daniel Owen, Welsh novelist (died 1895) 1847 - Oscar Swahn, Swedish archer (died 1927) 1854 – Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (died 1891) 1854 - James F. Hinkle, 6th Governor of New Mexico (died 1951) 1858 – John Burns, English politician (died 1943) 1859 – John Dewey, American philosopher (died 1952) 1864 - James F. Hinkle, American politician, 6th Governor of New Mexico (died 1951) 1866 - Kazimierz Twardowski, Polish philosopher (died 1938) 1869 - Robin Welsh, Scottish curler and rugby union player (died 1934) 1873 - Nellie McClung, Canadian politician and activist (died 1951) 1874 – Charles Ives, American composer (died 1954) 1876 - Alexandre Pharamond, French rugby player (died 1953) 1882 – Bela Lugosi, Hungarian-American actor (died 1956) 1882 – Margaret Dumont, American actress (died 1965) 1887 - Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, Japanese diplomat (died 1981) 1890 – Jelly Roll Morton, American composer, musician (died 1941) 1891 – Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya (died 1978) 1891 – James Chadwick, English physicist (died 1974) 1893 – Charley Chase, early movie comedian (died 1940) 1894 - Olive Thomas, American actress and model (died 1920) 1895 - Rex Ingram, American actor (died 1969) 1897 – Crown Prince Eun of Korea (died 1970) 1900 – Wayne Morse, Senator from Oregon (died 1974) 1901 1950 1901 - Adelaide Hall, American-British pianist, composer and bandleader (died 1993) 1904 – Anna Neagle, English actress (died 1986) 1904 – Tommy Douglas, Scottish-Canadian politician, founder of public healthcare in Canada (died 1986) 1905 – Frederic Dannay (Ellery Queen), mystery novelist (died 1982) 1907 – Arlene Francis, television personality (died 2001) 1909 - Carla Laemmle, American actress (died 2014) 1910 - Bob Sheppard, American sportscaster (died 2010) 1913 – Grandpa Jones, American country music performer (died 1998) 1917 - Stéphane Hessel, French diplomat and activist (died 2013) 1917 - Jean-Pierre Melville, French director and screenwriter (died 1973) 1918 – Robert Lochner, journalist, creator of Kennedy's "ish been oin bear-lee-ner" (died 2003) 1920 – Janet Jagan, American-born President of Guyana (died 2009) 1920 - Nick Cardy, American illustrator (died 2013) 1920 - Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Indian politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal (died 2010) 1923 - Robert Craft, American conductor (died 2015) 1923 – Otfried Preussler, German children's writer (died 2013) 1923 – Herschel Bernardi, actor (died 1986) 1924 - Robert Peters, American poet, scholar, playwright, editor and actor (died 2014) 1925 – Art Buchwald, newspaper columnist 1925 - Roger Hanin, French director and actor (died 2015) 1926 - Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, English politician (died 2015) 1927 – Joyce Brothers, American psychologist, television personality (died 2013) 1928 - Li Peng, Chinese politician (died 2019) 1931 – Mickey Mantle, American baseball player (died 1995) 1931 - Richard Caliguiri, 54th Mayor of Pittsburgh (died 1988) 1931 - Zeke Bratkowski, American football player (died 2019) 1932 – Rosey Brown, American Pro Football Hall of Famer (died 2004) 1932 – William Christopher, American actor (died 2016) 1934 – Empress Michiko of Japan 1934 - Taku Mayumura, Japanese science fiction novelist (died 2019) 1934 – Eddie Harris, American jazz saxophonist (died 1996) 1934 – Timothy West, English actor 1934 - Bill Chase, American trumpeter (died 1974) 1935 - Roy Bailey, English folk singer and guitarist (died 2018) 1935 – Jerry Orbach, American actor (Law & Order) (died 2004) 1936 - Bobby Seale, American activist 1937 – Juan Marichal, Dominican baseball player 1937 - Wanda Jackson, American singer 1938 - Kathy Kirby, English singer (died 2011) 1942 – Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, German biologist 1945 – Romeo Benetti, Italian footballer 1946 – Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer, won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 - Chris Woodhead, English civil servant and academic (died 2015) 1947 - Tom Smith, American politician (died 2015) 1948 - Sandra Dickinson, British actress 1949 – Valeri Borzov, Ukrainian athlete 1950 – Tom Petty, American musician (died 2017) 1950 - Chris Cannon, American politician 1951 1975 1951 – Claudio Ranieri, Italian footballer and manager 1951 - Alma Muriel, Mexican actress (died 2014) 1951 – Al Greenwood, American rock musician 1953 – Bill Nunn, American actor 1955 - Sheldon Whitehouse, United States Senator 1955 – Aaron Pryor, world boxing champion 1955 - Thomas Newman, American composer and conductor 1956 – Danny Boyle, British movie director 1957 - Jane Bonham-Carter, Baroness Bonham-Carter of Yanbury, British politician 1957 - Hilda Solis, American politician 1958 – Viggo Mortensen, American actor 1958 – Ivo Pogorelic, Croatian pianist 1959 - Eriko Asai, Japanese long-distance runner 1959 - Akif Pirinçci, Turkish-German author 1960 – Konstantin Aseev, chess player (died 2004) 1960 - Lepa Brena, Bosnian singer and actress 1961 – Ian Rush, Welsh footballer 1961 - Kate Mosse, English writer 1961 - Michio Tomizawa, Japanese voice actress 1962 - David M. Evans, American director and screenwriter 1963 - Nikos Tsiantakis, Greek footballer 1963 – Julie Payette, Canadian astronaut and Governor General of Canada 1964 - Kamala Harris, American lawyer and politician 1965 – William Zabka, American actor 1966 – Stefan Raab, German entertainer 1966 – Allan Donald, South African cricketer 1966 – Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Jordanian militant and al-Qaeda member (died 2006) 1966 - Patrick Volkerding, American computer scientist and engineer 1967 – Monica Ali, British writer 1969 – Juan Gonzalez, baseball player 1970 - Nikky Smedley, British actress 1971 - Karl Collins, British actor 1971 – Dannii Minogue, Australian singer 1971 – Snoop Dogg, American rapper 1971 - Eddie Jones, American basketball player 1972 – Will Greenwood, English rugby player 1972 - Brian Schatz, American politician, United States Senator for Hawaii From 1976 1976 – Nicola Legrottaglie, Italian footballer 1976 - Dan Fogler, American actor and director 1977 – Elena Berezhnaya, figure skating star 1978 – Paul Wilson, Scottish musician (Snow Patrol) 1978 – Virender Sehwag, Indian cricketer 1979 – John Krasinski, American actor 1981 – Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Greek footballer 1981 - Francisco Rodríguez, Mexican footballer 1981 – Willis McGahee, American football player 1983 - Michel Vorm, Dutch footballer 1984 – Andrew Trimble, Northern Irish rugby player 1984 - Mitch Lucker, American singer-songwriter (died 2012) 1985 – Dominic McGuire, American basketball player 1986 – Priyanka Sharma, Indian actress 1988 – Risa Niigaki, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) 1988 - Candice Swanepoel, South African model 1989 - Jess Glynne, English singer-songwriter 1989 - Yanina Wickmayer, Belgian tennis player 1992 - Ksenia Semenov, Russian gymnast 1994 – Morgan Featherstone, Australian model 1995 - Zhenwei Wang, Chinese actor and martial artist Deaths Up to 1950 460 - Aelia Eudocia, Byzantine Empress 1139 - Henry X, Duke of Bavaria 1631 – Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1550) 1640 – John Ball, English Puritan clergyman (b. 1585) 1652 - Antonio Coello, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1611) 1713 - Archibald Pitcairne, Scottish physician (b. 1652) 1740 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1685) 1842 - Grace Darling, English heroine (b. 1815) 1896 – Felix Tisserand, French astronomer (b. 1845) 1900 – Naim Frasheri, Albanian poet (b. 1846) 1907 – Said Pasha Kurd, Kurdish statesman (b. 1834) 1910 - David B. Hill, 29th Governor of New York (b. 1843) 1926 - Eugene V. Debs, American politician (b. 1855) 1935 – Arthur Henderson, Scottish politician (b. 1863) 1936 – Anne Sullivan, American teacher (b. 1866) 1940 - Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect (b. 1885) 1946 - Piero Campelli, Italian footballer (b. 1893) 1950 - Henry L. Stimson, American statesman, lawyer and politician (b. 1867) 1951 2000 1957 - Michalis Dorizas, Greek javelin thrower (b. 1890) 1964 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States (b. 1874) 1966 - Harry F. Byrd, Governor of Virginia (b. 1887) 1967 – Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878) 1968 – Bud Flanagan, British wartime entertainer (b. 1896) 1972 - Harlow Shapley, American astronomer (b. 1885) 1977 – Cassie Gaines, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1948) (plane crash) 1977 – Steve Gaines, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1949) (plane crash) 1977 – Ronnie Van Zant, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (b. 1948) (plane crash) 1978 – Gunnar Nilsson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1948) 1984 – Paul Dirac, English physicist (b. 1902) 1984 – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Czech doctor, won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1896) 1987 – Andrey Kolmogorov, Russian mathematician (b. 1903) 1989 - Anthony Quayle, English actor (b. 1913) 1994 – Sergei Bondarchuk, Russian actor and director (b. 1920) 1994 – Burt Lancaster, American actor (b. 1913) 1999 – Jack Lynch, Irish Taoiseach (b. 1917) From 2001 2005 - Shirley Horn, American jazz pianist (b. 1934) 2005 - André van der Louw, Dutch politician, Mayor of Rotterdam (b. 1933) 2006 - Maxi Herber, German figure skater (b. 1920) 2008 – Soeur Emmanuelle, French-Belgian nun and humanitarian (b. 1908) 2010 – Farooq Leghari, President of Pakistan (b. 1940) 2010 – Bob Guccione, American publisher (b. 1930) 2011 – Muammar al-Gaddafi, colonel and military ruler of Libya (b. 1942) 2012 - E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1920) 2012 - Paul Kurtz, American academic (b. 1925) 2013 - Jovanka Broz, former First Lady of Yugoslavia (b. 1924) 2013 - Lawrence Klein, American economist (b. 1920) 2014 - Ox Baker, American wrestler and actor (b. 1938) 2014 - Oscar de la Renta, Dominican Republic fashion designer (b. 1932) 2014 - René Burri, Swiss photographer (b. 1933) 2014 - Pavle Merku, Slovenian composer (b. 1927) 2014 - Christophe de Margerie, French businessman (b. 1951) 2015 - Michael Meacher, English politician (b. 1939) 2015 - Cory Wells, American singer (b. 1941) 2017 - Federico Luppi, Argentine-Spanish actor (b. 1936) 2017 - Stan Kowalski, American professional wrestler (b. 1926) 2018 - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1938) 2018 - Zheng Xiaosong, Chinese politician (b. 1959) 2019 - Eric Cooper, American baseball umpire (b. 1966) 2019 - Thomas D'Alesandro III, American politician (b. 1929) 2019 - Huang Yong Ping, Chinese-French avant-garde artist (b. 1954) 2019 - Aquilino Pimentel Jr., Filipino politician (b. 1933) Observances Kenyatta Day (Kenya) Revolution Day (Guatemala) Arbor Day (Czech Republic) World Osteoporosis Day Days of the year

10072

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2027

October 27

Events Up to 1900 97 - Roman Emperor Nerva adopts the then-44-year-old Trajan. 710 - Saracen invasion of Sardinia. 939 – Edmund I of England becomes king. 1275 – Traditional founding of Amsterdam. 1524 - Italian Wars: French troops lay siege to Pavia. 1553 - Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva. 1644 - The Second Battle of Newbury takes place in the English Civil War. 1662 - Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France. 1682 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded. 1795 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, establishing boundaries between the US and the Spanish colonies. 1806 – The French Army enters Berlin. 1810 – The US annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida. 1827 - Vincenzo Bellini's third opera, Il pirata, has its first performance at La Scala, Milan. 1838 - Governor of Missouri Lilburn Boggs issues an extermination order to Mormons in the state, which would force them either to leave or be killed. 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: Marshal Francois Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion to the Siege of Metz. 1892 - British passenger steamer Roumania crashes into rocks off Peniche, Portugal. 1901 2000 1904 – New York City's first underground Subway opens. 1907 - Cernova massacre: 15 people are killed in the Hungarian half of Austria-Hungary when a gunman opens fire on a crowd gathered at a church for its consecration. 1914 - World War I: British super dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious is sunk off Tory Island, northwest of Ireland, by a minefield laid by German merchant cruiser Berlin. 1916 - Battle of Segale in Ethiopia. 1922 – Italian fascists, led by Benito Mussolini, begin their March on Rome. 1922 - A referendum in Rhodesia rejects the country's annexation (being taken control of) to the Union of South Africa. 1924 - Soviet Union: The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic is founded. 1936 – Wallis Simpson files for divorce. She later marries Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, after he abdicates the throne. 1944 - World War II: German troops end the Slovak National Uprising in Banska Bystrica. 1953 - British nuclear test Totem 2 is carried out at Emu Field, South Australia. 1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African American to join the United States Air Force. 1958 – Iskandar Mirza is deposed as President of Pakistan. 1961 – Mauritania and Mongolia join the UN. 1961 - NASA tests the first Saturn I rocket in Mission-Saturn Apollo 1. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: A nuclear war is narrowly avoided. 1962 - Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis. 1962 - A plane carrying Enrico Mattei, a post-war Italian administrator, crashes in mysterious circumstances. 1962 - Australian Dawn Fraser swims the 100 meter-backstroke in less than a minute, as the first woman to do so. 1964 - Ronald Reagan delivers "A Time for Choosing" speech at a Barry Goldwater campaign. 1966 - The UN removes South Africa's mandate over Namibia. 1968 - The 1968 Summer Olympics end in Mexico City. 1971 – The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire. 1979 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines become independent. 1981 - Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden. 1991 – Turkmenistan achieves independence from the Soviet Union. 1994 – Gliese 229B is the first substellar mass object to be unquestionably identified. 1995 – Latvia applies for EU membership. 1995 – Former Prime Minister of Italy Bettino Craxi is convicted in-absentia (without attending) for corruption. 1997 - Global stock markets crash because of financial meltdown fears. 1999 – Gunmen open fire on the Armenian Parliament. From 2001 2002 – The volcano Mount Etna on Sicily erupts. 2002 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected to succeed Fernando Henrique Cardoso as President of Brazil. 2003 – In Malaga, where Pablo Picasso was born, the Museo Picasso (Picasso Museum) is opened. 2003 - Bomb attacks in Baghdad kill over 40 people. 2005 – Riots begin in France after the accidental deaths of two Muslim teenagers. 2006 – Opening of Arsenal F.C.'s Emirates Stadium. 2010 – Former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner dies aged 60. He had been expected to run for President again in 2011. 2011 - Michael D. Higgins is elected President of Ireland. 2013 - Sebastian Vettel becomes the fourth driver to win four Formula One world titles in a row, and the youngest driver, at age 26, to do so. 2013 - Storms begin to affect parts of western and central Europe, causing destruction and disruption the next day. 2017 - The Parliament of Catalonia declares the region's independence from Spain; The central government in Madrid decides to impose direct rule on Catalonia. 2018 - Pittsburgh synagogue shooting: A gunman shoots and kills 11 people worshipping at a synagogue in the Squirrel Hill neighbourhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 2018 - 2018 Leicester City F.C. helicopter crash: A helicopter crash near Leicester City F.C.'s King Power Stadium in Leicester, England, kills 5 people, including the club's Thai owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha. 2019 - Sophie Wilmès becomes the first female Prime Minister of Belgium, succeeding Charles Michel, who had been chosen to succeed Donald Tusk as President of the European Council. 2019 - Alberto Fernández wins Argentina's Presidential election against the incumbent Mauricio Macri. Births Up to 1900 921 - Chai Rong, Chinese Emperor (d. 959) 1156 - Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (d. 1222) 1401 – Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of England (d. 1437) 1466 (assumed) – Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch writer and philosopher (d. 1536) 1703 - Johann Gottfried Graun, German violinist and composer (d. 1771) 1728 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (d. 1779) 1736 - James Macpherson, Scottish writer, poet and politician (d. 1796) 1744 – Mary Moser, English painter and one of only two female founder members of the Royal Academy (d. 1819) 1760 - August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1831) 1761 - Geir Vídalín, Bishop of Iceland (d. 1823) 1763 - William Maclure, Scottish geologist (d. 1840) 1782 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840) 1811 – Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine (d. 1875) 1811 – Stevens Thomson Mason, first Governor of Michigan (d. 1843). 1828 - Jacob Dolson Cox, 28th Governor of Ohio (d. 1900) 1838 - John Davis Long, 32nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915) 1842 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (d. 1928) 1844 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (d. 1916) 1854 - William Alexander Smith, Scottish founder of the Boys' Brigade (d. 1914) 1857 - Ernst Trygger, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1943) 1858 – Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (d. 1919) 1858 - Saito Makoto, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936) 1868 - William Gillies, Australian politician, 21st Premier of Queensland (d. 1928) 1869 - Viola Allen, American actress (d. 1948) 1873 - James J. Davis, Welsh-born American politician (d. 1947) 1877 - Walt Kuhn, American painter and cartoonist (d. 1949) 1877 – George Thompson, English cricketer (d. 1943) 1885 - Sigrid Hjertén, Swedish painter (d. 1948) 1889 - Enid Bagnold, English author and playwright (d. 1981) 1889 - Fanny Durack, Australian swimmer (d. 1956) 1894 - Oliver Leese, English general (d. 1978) 1896 – Edith Brown, RMS Titanic survivor (d. 1997) 1901 1950 1902 – Emil Jónsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1986) 1904 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian footballer (d. 1974) 1906 – Kazuo Ohno, Japanese dancer (d. 2010) 1908 – Lee Krasner, American painter (d. 1984) 1910 - Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963) 1911 - Leif Erickson, American actor (d. 1986) 1913 - Joe Medicine Crow, American tribal historian, anthropologist and author (d. 2016) 1914 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 1953) 1915 - Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre and film producer (d. 1994) 1916 - Kazimierz Brandys, Polish writer (d. 2000) 1917 – Oliver Tambo, South African activist (d. 1993) 1917 - Arne Andersson, Swedish athlete (d. 2009) 1918 - Edgar Herschler, 28th Governor of Wyoming (d. 1990) 1918 – Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005) 1919 - Tim M. Babcock, 16th Governor of Montana (d. 2015) 1920 – Nanette Fabray, American actress (d. 2018) 1920 – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (d. 2005) 1921 - Warren Allen Smith, American activist (d. 2017) 1922 - Ruby Dee, American actress (d. 2014) 1922 - Ralph Kiner, American baseball player (d. 2014) 1922 - Michel Galabru, French actor (d. 2016) 1922 - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (d. 2010) 1922 - George Young, Scottish footballer (d. 1997) 1923 – Roy Lichtenstein, American pop artist (d. 1997) 1923 - Ned Wertimer, American actor (d. 2013) 1924 - Bonnie Lou, American singer (d. 2015) 1925 – Warren Christopher, former United States Secretary of State (d. 2011) 1925 - Gianni Bonagura, Italian actor (d. 2017) 1930 - Leo Baxendale, English cartoonist (d. 2017) 1931 – Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian writer 1932 – Sylvia Plath, American poet (d. 1963) 1932 - Jean-Pierre Cassel, French actor (d. 2007) 1933 - Floyd Cramer, American musician (d. 1997) 1934 - Elías Querejeta, Spanish film producer and screenwriter (d. 2013) 1937 - Peter Lustig, German television presenter (d. 2016) 1938 - Maurice Hinchey, American politician (d. 2017) 1939 – John Cleese, British actor, writer, and Monty Python member 1939 - Marino Perani, Italian footballer (d. 2017) 1939 - Albert Wendt, Samoan writer 1940 – John Gotti, New York mafia boss (d. 2002) 1941 - Dick Trickle, American racing driver (d. 2013) 1943 - Sherman Kelly, American singer-songwriter (Boffalongo) 1944 - Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (d. 2018) 1945 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, 35th President of Brazil 1945 - Arild Andersen, Norwegian composer and bassist 1946 - Steven R. Nagel, American astronaut, pilot and engineer (d. 2014) 1946 – Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004) 1946 - Ivan Reitman, Czech-Canadian actor, producer and director 1949 - Garry Talent, American musician (E Street Band) 1950 – Fran Lebowitz, American writer 1950 - Sue Lloyd-Roberts, English journalist (d. 2015) 1951 1975 1951 - K. K. Downing, English musician (Judas Priest) 1951 - Carlos Frenk, Mexican-English physicist, cosmologist and academic 1952 – Roberto Benigni, Italian actor and director 1952 - Francis Fukuyama, American political scientist, economist and author 1952 - Atsuyoshi Furuta, Japanese footballer 1953 - Peter Firth, English actor 1954 - Frank Gray, Scottish footballer 1954 - Mike Kelley, American artist (d. 2012) 1956 - Michèle Chardonnet, French athlete 1956 - Christiane Wartenberg, German athlete 1957 – Jeff East, American actor 1957 – Glenn Hoddle, English footballer and manager 1958 – Simon Le Bon, English musician (Duran Duran) 1958 - Manu Katché, French musician 1959 - Rick Carlisle, American basketball player and coach 1961 - Margaret Mazzantini, Italian actress 1962 - Stewart McKimmie, Scottish footballer 1963 - Marla Maples, American actress and model 1963 - Farin Urlaub, German musician and songwriter 1964 - Mary T. Meagher, American swimmer 1967 – Scott Weiland, American musician Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver (d. 2015) 1967 - Simone Moro, Italian mountaineer 1970 – Adrian Erlandsson, musician (Cradle of Filth) 1971 - Elissa, Lebanese singer 1971 – Theodoros Zagorakis, Greek footballer 1972 – Maria Mutola, Mozambican athlete 1972 – Evan Coyne Maloney, documentary movie maker 1972 – Brad Radke, American baseball player 1975 - Zadie Smith, English novelist 1975 - Aron Ralston, American mountaineer and engineer From 1976 1976 – Ariel Ibagaza, Argentine footballer 1977 – Jiří Jarosík, Czech footballer 1977 - Sheeri Rappaport, American actress 1978 - Toby Petersen, American ice hockey player 1978 – Vanessa-Mae, Singapore-born British musician 1980 - Tanel Padar, Estonian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1980 - Václav Noid Bárta, Czech singer and actor 1981 – Volkan Demirel, Turkish footballer 1982 - Takashi Tsukamoto, Japanese actor and singer 1984 – Kelly Osbourne, daughter of Ozzy Osbourne 1984 - Kostas Kapetanos, Greek footballer 1984 - Emilie Ullerup, Danish actress 1986 - David Warner, Australian cricketer 1987 - Yi Jianlian, Chinese basketball player 1987 - Viktor Genev, Bulgarian footballer 1988 – Evan Turner, American basketball player 1992 - Stephan El Shaarawy, Italian footballer 1992 - Emily Hagins, American director, producer and screenwriter 1994 - Eddie Alderson, American actor 1997 - Eden Taylor-Draper, English actress 1999 - Haruka Kudo, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) Deaths Up to 1900 673 - Pope Agatho of Alexandria (b. 654) 939 – King Athelstan I of England (b. 895) 1271 - Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (b. 1213) 1303 - Beatrice of Castile (b. 1242) 1312 - John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275) 1327 - Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1289) 1430 – Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania (b. 1350) 1439 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1392) 1449 - Ulugh Beg, Persian astronomer, mathematician and Sultan (b. 1394) 1485 - Rudolf Agricola, Dutch writer and educator (b. 1444) 1505 – Tsar Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440) 1553 – Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian and doctor (b. 1511) 1561 - Lope de Aguirre, Spanish explorer (b. 1510) 1605 – Akbar the Great, Mughal Emperor (b. 1542) 1674 – Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet and hymnist (b. 1614) 1675 - Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602) 1789 - John Cook, Governor of Delaware (b. 1730) 1880 - Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1827) 1901 2000 1917 - Arthur Rhys-Davids, English pilot (b. 1897) 1926 - Warren Wood, American golfer (b. 1887) 1935 - Ernest Eldridge, English racing driver (b. 1897) 1942 – Helmuth Hubener, German resistance activist (b. 1925) 1954 - Harry Tate, American soccer player (b. 1886) 1962 - Rudolf Anderson, American pilot (b. 1927) 1962 – Enrico Mattei, Italian politician (b. 1906) 1968 – Lise Meitner, German physicist (b. 1878) 1975 – Rex Stout, American novelist (b. 1886) 1980 - Steve Peregrin Took, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949) 1980 – John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist (b. 1899) 1986 - Sherman Adams, 67th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1899) 1990 – Xavier Cugat, Catalan-born bandleader (b. 1900) 1990 - Jacques Demy, French director (b. 1931) 1990 - Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (b. 1922) 1999 – Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (b. 1959) 1999 – Karen Demirchyan, Chairman of the Armenian Parliament (b. 1932) 2000 - Walter Berry, Austrian bass baritone (b. 1929) From 2001 2001 - Pradeep Kumar, Indian actor, director and producer (b. 1925) 2003 – Walter Washington, American politician (b. 1915) 2003 - Stephanie Tyrell, American songwriter and producer (b. 1949) 2006 – Brad Will, American anarchist and independent journalist (b. 1970) 2010 – Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (b. 1950) 2012 - Natina Reed, American singer, producer and rapper (b. 1979) 2012 - Hans Peter Henze, German composer (b. 1926) 2013 - Lou Reed, American musician (b. 1942) 2014 - Daniel Boulanger, French actor and writer (b. 1922) 2014 - Starke Taylor, American politician, Mayor of Dallas, Texas (b. 1922) 2014 - Shin Hae-chul, South Korean singer (b. 1968) 2015 - Philip French, British film critic (b. 1933) 2016 - Prince Mikasa, Japanese royal (b. 1915) 2017 - Hans Kraay Sr., Dutch footballer (b. 1936) 2017 - Punathil Kunjabdulla, Indian writer and physician (b. 1942) 2018 - Freddie Hart, American musician and singer-songwriter (b. 1926) 2018 - Madan Lal Khurana, Indian politician (b. 1936) 2018 - Mario Segale, American businessman (b. 1934) 2018 - Ntozake Shange, American poet and playwright (b. 1948) 2018 - Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, Thai businessman and owner of Leicester City F.C. (b. 1958) 2019 - Vladimir Bukovsky, Russian-British human rights activist and dissident (b. 1942) 2019 - Stephen P. Cohen, American political scientist and security expert (b. 1936) 2019 - John Conyers, American politician and civil rights activist (b. 1929) 2019 - Ivan Milat, Australian serial killer (b. 1944) 2019 - Anne Phelan, Australian actress (b. 1940s) 2019 - Hans-Peter Uhl, German politician (b. 1944) Observances Independence Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Turkmenistan) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2029

October 29

Events Up to 1900 312 - Constantine I enters Rome after his victory at the Milvian Bridge. 969 - Byzantine troops occupy Antioch, Syria. 1390 - The first witchcraft trial to take place in Paris begins, later ending in three people being executed. 1422 - Charles VII of France becomes king. 1618 – English explorer and statesman Walter Raleigh is executed. 1675 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz makes the first use of the long s as a symbol of the integral in calculus. 1787 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Don Giovanni is publicly performed for the first time, in Prague. 1792 - The Mount Hood volcano in Oregon is given its name. 1863 – At a meeting in Geneva, 18 countries agree to form the International Red Cross. 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie takes place. 1867 - Near the British Virgin Islands, the British ship RMS Rhone sinks in a strong hurricane, killing at least 24 people. 1886 - The first ticker-tape parade takes place in New York City to celebrate the inauguration, on the previous day, of the Statue of Liberty. 1888 - The Convention of Constantinople is signed. It guarantees free maritime passage through the Suez Canal, both in peace-time and in times of war. 1894 - New Zealand passenger steamer Wairarapa strikes a reef off eastern Australia and sinks, killing 121 people. 1900 - An explosion at a New York chemical factory kills almost 200 people. 1901 1950 1901 – For fatally shooting US President William McKinley, Leon Czolgosz is executed by electrocution. 1901 - American nurse Jane Toppan is arrested, after autopsies of the Davies family found traces of poison. It is later revealed that she was a serial killer. 1917 - Max Meiser of Berlin sets the first rules for the game of handball. 1918 - The German High Sea fleet is grounded when sailors mutiny on the night to October 30. 1921 - The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti begins in the United States. 1922 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy appoints Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister. 1923 – The Republic of Turkey is declared by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Ankara becomes the capital city. 1929 – The New York Stock Exchange collapses, starting the Great Depression. 1941 - Holocaust: In the Kaunas Ghetto, over 10,000 Jews are shot by German occupiers. 1942 - World War II: German U-boat U 575 sinks British passenger ship Abosso in the North Atlantic Ocean, killing 362 people. 1944 - World War II: The city of Breda in the Netherlands is liberated by the 1st Polish Armoured Division. 1945 – Brazilian President Getulio Vargas resigns. 1951 2000 1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiysk is sunk by an explosion in Sevastopol, killing 608 officers. 1956 - Suez Canal: Israeli forces invade the Sinai Peninsulaand push Egyptian forces back to the Suez Canal. 1956 - The Tangier Protocol is signed. The international city of Tangier is returned to Morocco. 1960 - In Louisville, Kentucky, Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay) wins his first professional fight. 1964 - The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar changes its name to Tanzania, with Julius Nyerere as President. 1967 - End of the Montreal World's Fair. 1969 - The first-ever computer-to-computer link is created by ARPANET, a forerunner to the internet. 1973 – The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul is opened by Turkey's then-President Fahri Koroturk, to mark 50 years of the Republic. 1983 - 500,000 people protest against cruise missiles in The Hague, Netherlands. 1986 - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher opens the last stretch of the M25 motorway. 1991 – The American Galileo spacecraft approaches the 951 Gaspra asteroid. 1994 - Francisco Martin Duran fires over two dozen shots at the White House. He is arrested in suspicion of trying to kill Bill Clinton. 1998 – Hurricane Mitch wreaks havoc across Central America, causing destruction, flooding a several deaths after making landfall. 1998 – South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission condemns all sides for human rights violations. 1998 – American astronaut John Glenn becomes the oldest person in space. 1998 – A Turkish airliner with 39 people on board, flying from Adana to Ankara, is hijacked by Kurdish militants, demanding the pilot to fly to Switzerland. The pilot successfully lands in Ankara after tricking the militants into thinking that he was flying to Sofia, Bulgaria to refuel. 1998 - A nightclub fire in Gothenburg, Sweden kills 63 people. 1999 – A tropical cyclone hits southern and eastern India, particularly affecting the state of Orissa. 10,000 people are estimated to have been killed and 1.5 million made homeless. From 2001 2002 – A department store fire in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam kills at least 60 people and leaves around 100 missing. 2004 – Norodom Sihamoni officially succeeds his father Norodom Sihanouk as King of Cambodia. 2005 – Terrorist bombings occur in Delhi, India. 2006 - Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected to a second term as President of Brazil. 2008 – Delta Airlines merges with Northwest Airlines. 2012 - After leaving a trail of destruction across the Caribbean, killing 67 people, Hurricane Sandy strikes the east coast of the United States, causing major flooding, and in some parts snowfall, to several Eastern and Great Lakes states as well as parts of southern Canada. New York City is among the major cities affected. At least 33 people are killed. 2013 - A new underground railway tunnel across the Bosphorus, in Istanbul, is opened. 2015 - The People's Republic of China abandons its one-child policy. 2018 - Lion Air Flight 610 crashes into the Java Sea shortly after take-off from Jakarta, killing all 189 people on board. 2018 - Angela Merkel announces her intention to resign as Chancellor of Germany in 2021. 2019 - United Kingdom general election, 2019: The House of Commons of the United Kingdom votes in favour of holding the country's first December general election (on December 12) in 96 years. Births Up to 1900 1017 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056) 1463 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian physician and philosopher (d. 1512) 1504 - Shin Saimdang, Korean writer, artist and poet (d. 1551) 1507 - Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba (d. 1582) 1704 - John Byng, English admiral (d. 1757) 1740 – James Boswell, Scottish biographer of Samuel Johnson (d. 1795) 1745 - William Hayley, English poet, biographer and patron of the arts (d. 1820) 1811 - Louis Blanc, French politician and historian (d. 1882) 1813 - Narciso Campero, President of Bolivia (d. 1896) 1815 – L'udovit Stur, Slovakian politician and writer of the Slovak language (d. 1856) 1815 - Daniel Emmett, American composer (d. 1904) 1816 – King Ferdinand II of Portugal (d. 1885) 1822 - Mieczyslaw Halka Ledochowski, Polish Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1902) 1828 - Thomas Francis Bayard, American statesman, diplomat and lawyer (d. 1898) 1831 - Othniel Charles Marsh, American paleontologist (d. 1899) 1832 - Narcisa de Jesus, Ecuadorean saint (d. 1869) 1837 - Abraham Kuyper, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1920) 1855 - Jacques Curie, French physicist (d. 1941) 1855 - Moses McNeil, Scottish footballer, founding member of Rangers F.C. (d. 1938) 1861 – Andrei Ryabushkin, Russian painter (d. 1904) 1866 - Antonio Luna, Filipino revolutionary general (d. 1899) 1875 – Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania (d. 1938) 1875 - Alva B. Adams, United States Senator from Colorado (d. 1941) 1877 - Narcisa de León, Filipino movie producer (d. 1966) 1878 - Alexander von Falkenhausen, German general and resistance activist (d. 1966) 1879 – Franz von Papen, German politician (d. 1969) 1880 - Abram Ioffe, Soviet physicist (d. 1960) 1881 - John DeWitt, American athlete (d. 1930) 1882 – Jean Giraudoux, French writer (d. 1944) 1883 - Victor Hochepied, French swimmer (d. 1966) 1888 - Li Dazhao, Chinese intellectual (d. 1927) 1890 - Alfredo Ottaviani, Italian cardinal (d. 1979) 1891 – Fanny Brice, American comedienne (d. 1951) 1892 - Ottla Kafka, sister of Franz Kafka (d. 1943) 1892 - Wendy Wood, Scottish independence activist, artist, sculptor and painter (d. 1981) 1897 – Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda (d. 1945) 1899 – Akim Tamiroff, Russian-American actor (d. 1972) 1901 1950 1905 - Henry Green, English writer (d. 1973) 1906 - Fredric Brown, American science fiction and mystery writer (d. 1972) 1907 - Lotfia ElNady, Egyptian aviatrix (d. 2002) 1908 - Jimmy Simpson, Scottish footballer (d. 1972) 1910 – Alfred Jules Ayer, British philosopher (d. 1989) 1913 - Al Suomi, American ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1914 - Patriarch Maxim of Bulgaria (d. 2012) 1915 - William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005) 1917 - Eddie Constantine, American actor and singer (d. 1993) 1917 - Harold Garfinkel, American sociologist (d. 2011) 1917 - Henry Carlsson, Swedish footballer (d. 1999) 1918 - Diana Serra Cary, American actress 1920 – Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born immunologist, Nobel Prize winner (d. 2011) 1922 - Neal Hefti, American jazz musician (d. 2008) 1923 - Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, novelist and playwright (d. 2015) 1923 - Gerda van der Kade-Koudijs, Dutch athlete (d. 2015) 1924 – Danielle Mitterrand, French activist and former First Lady of France (d. 2011) 1924 - Zbigniew Herbert, Polish writer (d. 1998) 1925 – Robert Hardy, English actor (d. 2017) 1925 - Klaus Roth, German-British mathematician (d. 2015) 1925 - Dominick Dunne, American journalist and author (d. 2009) 1925 - Zoot Sims, American jazz saxophonist (d. 1985) 1926 – Necmettin Erbakan, Turkish politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey (d. 2011) 1927 - Frank Sedgman, Australian tennis player 1929 - Yevgeny Primakov, Russian politician (d. 2015) 1930 - Bertha Brouwer, Dutch sprinter (d. 2006) 1930 - Niki de Saint Phalle, French sculptor and painter (d. 2002) 1930 - Omara Portuondo, Cuban singer and dancer 1931 - Franco Interlenghi, Italian actor (d. 2015) 1931 - Vaali, Indian actor, poet and songwriter (d. 2013) 1932 - Joyce Gould, Baroness Gould of Portnewton, English pharmacist and politician 1932 - Charlotte Knobloch, German actress 1932 - Ronald Kitaj, American artist (d. 2007) 1932 - Velma Barfield, American serial killer (d. 1984) 1933 - John Andrews, Australian-Canadian architect 1933 - Alex Wilson, Scottish footballer (d. 2010) 1934 - Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, German nobleman (d. 2017) 1935 – Isao Takahata, Japanese animated movie director (d. 2018) 1936 - Akiko Kojima, Japanese model 1938 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former President of Liberia, Nobel Peace Prize winner 1938 - Ralph Bakshi, American movie director 1938 - Wilbert McClure, American boxer 1940 - Connie Mack, United States Senator 1940 - Frida Boccara, French singer (d. 1996) 1941 - Paul Tyler, Baron Tyler, English politician 1942 - Bob Ross, American painter (d. 1995) 1943 - Wolfgang Kosack, German egyptologist 1943 - Don Simpson, American movie producer (d. 1996) 1944 - Denny Laine, British musician 1944 - Otto Wiesheu, German politician 1945 - Melba Moore, American singer 1946 – Peter Green, British musician (Fleetwood Mac) (d. 2020) 1947 - Thorsteinn Pálsson, former Prime Minister of Iceland 1947 – Richard Dreyfuss, American actor 1947 - Helen Coonan, Australian politician 1948 - Kate Jackson, American actress 1949 - James Williamson, American musician (The Stooges) 1950 - Rino Gaetano, Italian singer and musician (d. 1981) 1950 – Abdullah Gül, 11th President of Turkey 1951 1975 1951 - Dirk Kempthorne, 30th Governor of Idaho 1953 - Denis Potvin, American ice hockey player 1953 - Lorelei King, American voice actress 1954 - Hisao Sekiguchi, Japanese footballer 1955 - Roger O'Donnell, British musician (The Cure) 1955 – Kevin DuBrow, American rock singer (d. 2007) 1957 – Dan Castellaneta, American actor, voice of Homer Simpson 1958 - Stefan Dennis, Australian actor 1958 - David Remnick, American writer and editor 1959 - John Magufuli, 5th President of Tanzania (d. 2021) 1959 - Kuniharu Nakamoto, Japanese footballer 1960 - Fabiola Gianotti, Italian physicist 1961 - Joel Otto, American ice hockey player and coach 1961 – Randy Jackson, American musician 1962 - Einar Orn Benediktsson, Icelandic musician 1964 - Yasmin Le Bon, British model 1964 - Luciana Littizzetto, Italian actress 1966 - Ian Durrant, Scottish footballer 1967 - Rufus Sewell, British actor 1967 – Joely Fisher, American actress 1968 – Johann Olav Koss, Norwegian speed skater 1970 – Edwin van der Sar, Dutch footballer 1970 – Phillip Cocu, Dutch footballer 1971 - Chiara Badano, Italian teenager and saint (d. 1990) 1971 - Daniel J. Bernstein, German-American mathematician, professor and computer programmer 1971 – Matthew Hayden, Australian cricketer 1971 – Winona Ryder, American actress 1972 – Gabrielle Union, American actress 1973 - Masakiyo Maezono, Japanese footballer 1973 – Robert Pirès, French footballer 1974 - Alexandre Lopes, Brazilian footballer 1974 – Michael Vaughan, English cricketer 1975 - Kelly Lin, Chinese actress 1975 – Frank Baumann, German footballer From 1976 1976 - Stephen Craigan, Northern Irish footballer 1976 - Milena Govich, American actress 1977 - Brendan Fehr, American actor 1978 - Kelly Smith, English footballer 1980 - Ben Foster, American actor 1980 - Kaine Robertson, New Zealand-born Italian rugby player 1981 - Lene Alexandra, Norwegian singer and model 1981 - Amanda Beard, American swimmer 1981 - Ruslan Rotan, Ukrainian footballer 1981 - Reemma Sen, Indian actress 1982 - Chelan Simmons, Canadian actress 1983 - Johnny Lewis, American actor (d. 2012) 1984 - Chris Baio, American rock musician 1984 - Eric Staal, Canadian ice hockey player 1985 - Cal Crutchlow, British motorcycle racer 1985 - Janet Montgomery, English actress and dancer 1985 - Vijendar Singh, Indian boxer 1986 - Derek Theler, American actor and model 1987 - Tove Lo, Swedish singer 1987 - Makoto Ogawa, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) 1988 - Andy King, Welsh footballer 1988 - Kayne Vincent, New Zealand footballer 1990 - Amarna Miller, former Spanish porn actress, vlogger & YouTuber 1990 - Eric Saade, Swedish singer 1991 - Nikita Zaitsev, Russian ice hockey player 1993 – India Eisley, American actress 1998 - Lance Stross, Canadian racing driver Deaths Up to 1900 1038 - Aethelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury 1138 - Boleslaw III Wrymouth, Polish prince (b. 1086) 1268 - Conradin, Italian King (b. 1252) 1268 - Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (b. 1249) 1321 - King Stephen Uros II Milutin of Serbia (b. 1253) 1618 – Walter Raleigh, English explorer and political figure (b. c. 1552) 1783 – Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (b. 1717) 1829 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (b. 1751) 1873 - John of Saxony (b. 1801) 1877 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate General (b. 1821) 1885 - George B. McClellan, American general and politician (b. 1826) 1889 - Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian writer, publicist, critic and revolutionary (b. 1828) 1897 – Henry George, American writer and politician (b. 1839) 1901 2000 1901 – Leon Czolgosz, assassin of William McKinley (b. 1873) 1911 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-American newspaper publisher (b. 1847) 1914 - Félix Bracquemond, French painter (b. 1833) 1916 - John Sebastian Little, 21st Governor of Arkansas (b. 1851) 1918 - Rudolf Tobias, Estonian composer (b. 1873) 1919 - Albert Benjamin Simpson, Canadian preacher, theologian and author (b. 1843) 1924 - Frances Hodgson Burnett, English-American playwright and author (b. 1849) 1932 - Joseph Rabinski, Polish-French neurologist (b. 1857) 1933 - Albert Calmette, French physician (b. 1863) 1933 - Paul Painlevé, French mathematician and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1853) 1936 - Ramiro de Maeztu, Spanish writer and political theorist (b. 1874) 1940 - Phan Boi Chau, Vietnamese activist (b. 1863) 1947 - Frances Folsom Cleveland, First Lady of the United States (b. 1864) 1950 – King Gustav V of Sweden (b. 1858) 1956 - Walter Evans Edge, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1873) 1957 – Rosemarie Nitribitt, German call girl and murder victim (b. 1933) 1957 – Louis B. Mayer, American movie producer (b. 1885) 1971 – Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist (b. 1902) 1971 - Duane Allman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1946) 1977 - Chiyonoyama Masanobu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1926) 1980 - Giorgio Borg Olivier, 7th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1911) 1981 - Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter and poet (b. 1921) 1987 – Woody Herman, American musician (b. 1913) 1988 - Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Indian activist (b. 1903) 1991 - Mario Scelba, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1901) 1995 – Terry Southern, American writer (b. 1924) 1997 – Anton LaVey, founder of the Church of Satan (b. 1930) 1997 - Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos, Greek-American astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1947) 1998 - Paul Misraki, French composer (b. 1908) From 2001 2002 - Glenn McQueen, American animator (b. 1960) 2003 – Franco Corelli, Italian tenor (b. 1921) 2003 - Hal Clement, American science fiction writer (b. 1922) 2004 – Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, British royal (b. 1901) 2004 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, 1st Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1923) 2009 - Norman Painting, British radio actor (b. 1924) 2011 – Jimmy Savile, British television personality and sexual abuser (b. 1926) 2012 - J. Bernlef, Dutch writer (b. 1937) 2012 - Albano Harguindeguy, Argentine general (b. 1927) 2014 - Klas Ingesson, Swedish footballer (b. 1968) 2015 - Ernesto Boy Herrera, Filipino politician (b. 1942) 2017 - Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1923) 2017 - Tony Madigan, Australian boxer and rugby player (b. 1930) 2017 - Dennis Banks, Native American teacher, activist and author (b. 1937) 2017 - Manfredi Nicoletti, Italian architect (b. 1930) 2017 - Linda Nochlin, American art historian and essayist (b. 1931) 2017 - Richard E. Cavazos, American army general (b. 1929) 2017 - Frank Holder, Guyanese jazz singer and percussionist (b. 1925) 2017 - Peter Schutz, German-born American businessman (b. 1930) 2018 - Lodi Gyari Rinpoche, Tibetan diplomat (b. 1949) 2019 - Gerald Baliles, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1940) 2019 - John Witherspoon, American actor and comedian (b. 1942) 2021 - Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer (b. 1945) 2021 - Clément Mouamba, Congolese politician (b. 1943) 2021 - Puneeth Rajkumar, Indian actor (b. 1975) 2021 - Rossano Rubicondi, Italian actor (b. 1972) Observances Coronation Day (Cambodia) Republic Day (Turkey), to mark the declaration of the Republic by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923. Cyrus the Great Day (Iran) World Stroke Day National Cat Day (United States) Days of the year

10074

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2022

October 22

Events Up to 1900 362 – The temple of Apollo near Antioch is destroyed in a fire. 794 - Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heiankyo (Kyoto). 1383 – A time of civil war began in Portugal when King Fernando dies without a male heir to the throne. 1575 - Founding of Aguascalientes, Mexico. 1633 - Battle of Southern Fujian Sea: The Ming Dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. 1707 - Scilly naval disaster: Four British Royal Navy ships run aground near the Isles of Scilly, off Cornwall, England, because of faulty navigation. Over 1,600 sailors drown. 1740 - End of a two-week massacre of ethnic Chinese people in Batavia (present-day Jakarta) in present-day Indonesia (then the Dutch East Indies). 1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) is created. 1777 - American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank. 1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska. 1797 – One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump. 1836 – Sam Houston is becomes the first President of the Republic of Texas. 1844 – The Great Anticipation: The Millerites, followers of William Miller, expect the end of the World to occur on this date. The following day is referred to as the 'Great Disappointment'. 1859 - Spain declares war on Morocco. 1875 - First telegraphic connection in Argentina. 1877 – A mining disaster in Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, kills 215 people. 1878 – The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton. 1883 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance by Charles Gounod's Faust. 1895 - In Paris, an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 meters of concourse, before crashing through a wall and falling 10 meters on the road below. 1901 2000 1910 - Hawley Harvey Crippen is found guilty at the Old Bailey in London of poisoning his wife, and is subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison. 1923 - A royalist coup d'état fails in Greece. 1927 - Nikola Tesla introduces six new inventions including a motor with one-phase electricity. 1941 - World War II: French resistance member Guy Moquet and 29 others are executed by the German in retaliation for the death of a German officer. 1943 - World War II: in the second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts and air raid on the city of Kassel in the current state of Hesse. 10,000 people are killed. 1948 - Walter Ulbricht declares the Oder-Neisse Line to be the border between East Germany and Poland. 1957 – Vietnam War: First American soldier to die in Vietnam. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy says that American spy planes have found Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the island nation. 1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor. 1964 – Canada: A Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee choses the design which becomes the new official Flag of Canada. 1966 - The Soviet Union launches the Luna 12 probe. 1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times. 1968 – Hard rock band Led Zeppelin release the classic album Led Zeppelin II, featuring the hit single "Whole Lotta Love." 1975 – The Soviet unmanned space probe Venera 9 lands on Venus. 1978 - Inauguration of Pope John Paul II. 1999 – Maurice Papon, a French Vichy Government official in World War II, is jailed for Crimes against Humanity. From 2001 2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active on record. 2006 – An expansion plan for the Panama Canal is approved in a referendum in Panama. 2007 - Raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 commandos of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. All except one die in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and 10 are damaged. 2008 - India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1. 2014 - 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa. 2015 - An attacker kills two people with a sword at a school in Trollhattan, Western Sweden, before being shot dead by police. 2017 - The Liberal Democratic Party under Shinzo Abe wins early parliamentary elections in Japan. 2019 - Abortion and same-sex marriage become legal in Northern Ireland after the deadline for the return of the Assembly at Stormont at Belfast is missed; the two laws had been voted for by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom because of the Assembly's absence. 2019 - The official enthronement ceremony for Emperor Naruhito of Japan is held. Births Up to 1900 1071 - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 1126) 1179 – Emperor Juntoku of Japan (d. 1242) 1511 - Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553) 1587 - Joachim Jung, German philosopher and mathematician (d. 1657) 1659 - Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist and physician (d. 1734) 1688 – Nader Shah of Persia (d. 1747) 1689 – King John V of Portugal (d. 1750) 1701 – Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756) 1708 - Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742) 1729 - Johann Reinhold Forster, German pastor and botanist (d. 1798) 1734 – Daniel Boone, American pioneer (d. 1820) (November 2 in the Gregorian calendar) 1811 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian composer (d. 1886) 1818 - Leconte de Lisle, French poet and author (d. 1894) 1844 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (d. 1923) 1844 - Louis Riel, Canadian political activist (d. 1885) 1858 – Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, German Empress (d. 1921) 1865 – Paul Raud, Estonian painter (d. 1930) 1870 – Ivan Bunin, Russian writer (d. 1953) 1870 - Alfred Douglas, English author and poet (d. 1945) 1872 - Alessio Ascalesi, Italian cardinal (d. 1952) 1873 - Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finnish linguist and diplomat (d. 1950) 1873 - Rama Tirtha, Indian philosopher and educator (d. 1906) 1875 - Harriet Chalmers Adams, American explorer, journalist and photographer (d. 1937) 1878 - Jaan Lattik, Estonian politician (d. 1967) 1881 – Clinton Davisson, American physicist (d. 1958) 1881 - Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist (d. 1908) 1882 - Edmund Dulac, French painter (d. 1953) 1882 – Newell Convers Wyeth, American painter (d. 1945) 1885 - Giovanni Martinelli, Italian tenor (d. 1969) 1887 - John Reed, American journalist, poet, socialist and activist (d. 1920) 1893 – Ernst Opik, Estonian astronomer (d. 1985) 1894 - Mei Lanfang, Chinese opera singer (d. 1961) 1896 - Earle C. Clements, American politician, Governor of Kentucky (d. 1985) 1896 - Charles Glen King, American biochemist (d. 1988) 1900 - Ashfaqulla Khan, Indian activist (d. 1927) 1901 1950 1903 – George Wells Beadle, American geneticist (d. 1989) 1903 - Curly Howard, American actor and singer (d. 1952) 1904 – Constance Bennett, American actress (d. 1965) 1907 - Emilie Schindler, German activist (d. 2001) 1907 - Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1967) 1912 - George N. Leighton, American chess player and judge (d. 2018) 1913 – Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (d. 1997) 1913 – Robert Capa, American photographer (d. 1954) 1915 - Yitzhak Shamir, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2012) 1917 – Joan Fontaine, Japan-born British-American actress (d. 2013) 1919 – Doris Lessing, British writer (d. 2013) 1920 – Timothy Leary, American writer and psychologist (d. 1996) 1921 – Georges Brassens, French singer and songwriter (d. 1981) 1921 - Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1986) 1921 - Harald Nugiseks, Estonian soldier (d. 2014) 1923 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer (d. 2013) 1925 - Slater Martin, American basketball player (d. 2012) 1925 - Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and illustrator (d. 2008) 1928 - Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Brazilian movie director (d. 2018) 1929 - Michael Birkett, British movie producer 1929 – Lev Yashin, Soviet-Russian footballer (d. 1990) 1931 - Ann Rule, American writer (d. 2015) 1932 - Donald McIntyre, New Zealand operatic bass baritone 1933 - Helmut Senekowitsch, Austrian footballer and manager (d. 2007) 1936 - John Blashford Snell, English soldier and politician 1936 - Bobby Seale, American activist 1938 - Alan Gilzean, Scottish footballer (d. 2018) 1938 – Christopher Lloyd, American actor 1938 – Derek Jacobi, English actor 1939 – Joaquim Chissano, former President of Mozambique 1939 - George Cohen, English footballer 1941 - Charles Keating, English-American actor (d. 2014) 1942 - Count Christian of Rosenborg, Danish royal (d. 2013) 1942 - Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (d. 2013) 1942 - Bruno Buchberger, Austrian mathematician 1943 – Catherine Deneuve, French actress 1943 - Wolfgang Thierse, German politician 1943 - Annamaria Cancellieri, Italian politician 1946 - Deepak Chopra, Indian-American physician and author 1946 - Kelvin MacKenzie, English journalist 1947 - Haley Barbour, American politician, 63rd Governor of Mississippi 1947 - Godfrey Chitalu, Zambian footballer (d. 1993) 1948 - Lynette Fromme, American attempted assassin of Gerald Ford 1948 - Paola Severino, Italian lawyer and politician 1949 – Stiv Bators, American musician (d. 1990) 1949 – Arsène Wenger, French footballer and manager 1949 - Butch Goring, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1949 - Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician (d. 2015) 1949 - John Shadegg, American politician 1950 - Donald Ramotar, 7th President of Guyana 1951 1975 1951 - William David Sanders, American educator (d. 1999) 1952 – Jeff Goldblum, American actor 1952 - Dennis "Fly" Amero, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and musician (Orleans) 1954 - Graham Joyce, British writer (d. 2014) 1959 - Todd Graff, American actor, director and writer 1959 - Marc Shaiman, American composer 1961 - Dietmar Woidke, German politician 1962 - Bob Odenkirk, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1964 – Craig Levein, Scottish footballer and manager 1965 - John Wesley Harding, English singer-songwriter 1965 - A. L. Kennedy, Scottish writer and comedienne 1966 - Valeria Golino, Italian actress 1967 – Ulrike Maier, Austrian skier (d. 1994) 1967 - Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer and conductor 1967 - Carlos Mencia, Honduran-American comedian, actor, producer and screenwriter 1967 - Oona King, English politician 1968 – Shaggy, Jamaican rapper and musician 1968 - Jay Johnston, American actor, producer and screenwriter 1968 - Jimmy Schulz, German businessman and politician (d. 2019) 1969 - Spike Jonze, American director and producer 1969 - Helmut Lotti, Belgian singer 1970 – Amy Redford, American actress, director and producer 1972 – Saffron Burrows, English actress 1973 – Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player 1975 – Michel Salgado, Spanish footballer 1975 - Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor and singer From 1976 1978 – Chaswe Nsofwa, Zambian footballer (d. 2007) 1978 – Dion Glover, American basketball player 1979 – Doni, Brazilian footballer 1980 – Luke O'Donnell, Australian rugby player 1983 – Plan B, English rapper, singer, musician and actor 1984 – Horacio Agullo, Argentine rugby player 1985 – Zac Hanson, American singer-songwriter and musician (Hanson) 1985 – Hadise, Belgian-Turkish singer 1985 – Deontay Wilder, American boxer 1986 – Stefan Radu, Romanian footballer 1986 – Kara Lang, Canadian footballer 1987 – Tiki Gelana, Ethiopian long-distance runner 1988 - Mikkel Hansen, Danish handball player 1988 – Parineeti Chopra, Indian actress and model 1988 – Sharon Rooney, Scottish actress 1988 – Kesha Wizzart, English singer (d. 2007) 1990 – Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor 1990 – Paul McGinn, Scottish footballer 1991 - Levi Sherwood, New Zealand motocross racer 1992 – 21 Savage, British-born rapper 1992 – Sofia Vassilieva, American actress 1995 – Stevie Lynn Jones, American actress 1998 - Harry Souttar, Scottish-Australian footballer Deaths Up to 1900 741 – Charles Martel, leader of the Franks (b. 686) 1383 – King Fernando I of Portugal (b. 1345) 1625 - Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyo (b. 1561) 1708 - Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636) 1751 – William IV, Prince of Orange (b. 1711) 1792 - Guillaume Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725) 1818 - Johann Heinrich Campe, German journalist and editor (b. 1746) 1847 - Sahle Selassie, Ethiopian royal (b. 1795) 1853 - Juan Antonio Lavalleja, President of Uruguay (b. 1784) 1859 – Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784) 1901 2000 1906 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (b. 1839) 1914 - Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1866) 1917 - Bob Fitzsimmons, English-American boxer (b. 1863) 1918 - Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (b. 1891) 1928 – Andrew Fisher, fifth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862) 1935 – Komitas Vardapet, Armenian musician and composer (b. 1869) 1946 - Phillips Lee Goldsborough, American politician, Governor of Maryland (b. 1865) 1952 - Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist (b. 1874) 1953 - Albert Meyer, Swiss politician (b. 1870) 1956 - Hannah Mitchell, English activist (b. 1872) 1965 - Paul Tillich, German theologian (b. 1886) 1973 - Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876) 1975 - Arnold J. Toynbee, British politician and historian (b. 1889) 1979 – Nadia Boulanger, French composer (b. 1887) 1986 – Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt, Hungarian scientist, won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893) 1986 - Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (b. 1897) 1987 – Lino Ventura, Italian actor (b. 1919) 1989 - Ewan MacColl, British singer-songwriter, producer, actor and playwright (b. 1915) 1990 - Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918) 1995 – Sir Kingsley Amis, English writer (b. 1922) 1995 - Mary Wickes, American actress (b. 1910) 1997 – Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (b. 1905) From 2001 2002 – Countess Geraldine Appónyi de Nagy-Appónyi, Hungarian-born Queen of Albania (b. 1915) 2002 - Richard Helms, American intelligence agent and diplomat (b. 1913) 2003 – Elliott Smith, American musician (b. 1969) 2006 – Choi Kyu-ha, President of South Korea (b. 1919) 2007 – Eve Curie, French writer (b. 1904) 2009 – Soupy Sales, American comedian and television personality (b. 1926) 2011 – Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, Crown prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1928) 2012 - Russell Means, American actor and activist (b. 1939) 2012 - Shubha Phutela, Indian actress (b. 1991) 2014 - John-Roger Hinkins, American author and public speaker (b. 1934) 2014 - Deaths in the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa: Nathan Cirillo, Canadian soldier (b. 1989) Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, Canadian murderer (b. 1982) 2015 - Willem Aantjes, Dutch politician (b. 1923) 2015 - Arnold Klein, American dermatologist (b. 1945) 2015 - Mark Murphy, American jazz singer (b. 1932) 2017 - Al Hurricane, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1936) 2017 - Scott Putesky, American musician (b. 1968) 2017 - George Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1946) 2017 - Atle Hammer, Norwegian jazz trumpeter (b. 1932) 2018 - Horacio Cardo, Argentine painter and illustrator (b. 1944) 2018 - Boris Kokorev, Russian pistol shooter (b. 1959) 2018 - Friedrich Ostermann, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1932) 2018 - Eugene H. Peterson, American clergyman and biblical scholar (b. 1932) 2018 - Robert Saladrigas, Spanish writer, journalist and critic (b. 1940) 2018 - José Varacka, Argentine footballer (b. 1932) 2019 - Manfred Bruns, German lawyer and LGBTQ activist (b. 1934) 2019 - Vicki Ann Funk, American botanist and researcher (b. 1947) 2019 - Til Gardeniers-Berendsen, Dutch politician (b. 1925) 2019 - Gustav Gerneth, German supercentenarian (b. 1905) 2019 - Ole Hervik Laub, Danish novelist (b. 1937) 2019 - Raymond Leppard, British-American conductor and composer (b. 1927) 2019 - Sadako Ogata, Japanese diplomat (b. 1927) 2019 - Rolando Panerai, Italian baritone singer (b. 1924) 2019 - Miguel Saiz, Uruguayan-Argentine politician (b. 1949) 2019 - Marieke Vervoort, Belgian wheelchair racer and Paralympic athlete (b. 1979) 2019 - Jo Ann Zimmerman, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa (b. 1936) Observances Roman Catholic Feast Day for Pope John Paul II International Stuttering Awareness Day Days of the year

10075

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2015

October 15

Events Up to 1900 533 – Byzantine general Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Vandals. 1066 - After the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the AEtheling is proclaimed King of England, but is never crowned. 1529 - The Siege of Vienna ends, as the Austrians defeat the invading Ottoman Turks. 1552 – Khanate of Kazan is conquered by troops of Ivan Grozny. 1582 – Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15. 1764 – Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing in the ruined Temple of Jupiter in Rome, which inspires him to begin work on The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 1783 - The Montgolfier brothers' hot-air balloon marks the first human flight in this mode of transport, by Jean-Jacques Pilatre de Rozier. 1793 – Marie Antoinette is sentenced to death, being executed the next day. 1815 – Napoleon I of France begins his exile on St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean. 1863 – American Civil War: The first successful submarine, the CSS Hunley sinks during a test, killing its inventor. 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Glasgow, Glasgow, Missouri. The town surrenders its garrison to the Confederacy. 1878 – The Edison Electric Company begins operation. 1880 – Mexican soldiers kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists. 1883 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional. 1888 - Investigators receives the "From Hell" letter, believed to have been written by the unidentified serial killer known as Jack the Ripper. 1894 – Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying – Dreyfus affair begins. 1901 2000 1904 – The Russian Baltic Fleet leaves Reval, Estonia for Port Arthur, Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese War. 1917 – World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany. 1928 - Airship Graf Zeppelin completes its first flight across the Atlantic Ocean when it lands at Lakehurst, New Jersey. 1932 – Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight. 1934 - The Soviet Republic of China collapses. 1939 – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed La Guardia Airport) is dedicated. 1940 – The Great Dictator, a satiric social commentary movie by and starring Charlie Chaplin, is released. 1944 - The Arrow Cross Party, allied to Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party, takes power in Hungary. 1945 – World War II: Former premier of Vichy France, Pierre Laval, is executed by firing squad for treason. 1946 – Nuremberg Trials: Founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazi war criminal, Hermann Göring, poisons himself hours before his scheduled execution. 1951 – Television sitcom I Love Lucy premieres. 1953 – British nuclear test Totem 1 detonated at Emu Field, South Australia. 1954 - Hurricane Hazel strikes the eastern United States, killing 95 people. 1956 - Fortran, the first modern computer language, is first shared in the coding community. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: A stand-off ensues between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba. 1963 - German Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer officially resigns. 1965 – Vietnam War: The National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a draft card in the United States. 1966 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill creating the United States Department of Transportation. 1969 – Vietnam War: Hundreds of thousands of people take part in National Moratorium antiwar demonstrations across the United States. 1970 – Thirty-five construction workers are killed when a section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses. 1979 - A military junta takes over in El Salvador, after the overthrow of President Carlos Humberto Romero. 1981 – Professional cheerleader Krazy George Henderson leads what is thought to be the first audience wave in Oakland, California. 1982 - The first 400-year cycle of the Gregorian calendar ends. This date is therefore on exactly the same week-day as the same date in 1582 (the day it was first introduced). 1987 – The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and England in the night to October 16. 1989 – Wayne Gretzky becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the NHL. 1990 – Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is given the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation. 1991 – Following a bitter confirmation hearing that involved allegations of sexual misconduct, the United States Senate votes to confirm Judge Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States. 1992 – In Russia, Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 52 serial murders. 1993 - Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1995 – Saddam Hussein gains 99.96% of votes in Iraq's presidential elections. 1997 – The first supersonic land speed record is set by the ThrustSSC team from the United Kingdom. 1997 – The Cassini probe launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida on its way to Saturn. From 2001 2001 – NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 112 miles of Jupiter's moon Io. 2003 – China launches Shenzhou 5, their first manned space mission. 2003 – Ilham Aliyev becomes President of Azerbaijan succeeding his father Heydar Aliyev. 2006 - The first Lusophone Games, for countries and territories speaking the Portuguese language, end in Macao. 2008 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average drops by 733.08 points in a single day. 2011 – Occupy Wall Street Campaign: In 951 cities in 82 countries, people protest against economic mismanagement. 2012 - British Prime Minister David Cameron and Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond sign a deal on the terms and conditions of the referendum on Scottish independence, due to be held on September 18, 2014. 2013 - A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes the Philippines, killing at least 215 people. 2016 - 150 nations meeting at the UNEP summit in Kigali, Rwanda, agree to slowly get rid of hydrofluorocarbons. Births Up to 1900 70 BC – Virgil, Roman poet (d. 19 BC) 1265 - Temur Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan-China (d. 1307) 1471 – Konrad Mutian, German humanist (d. 1526) 1542 - Akbar the Great, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1605) 1607 - Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (d. 1701) 1608 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist (d. 1647) 1686 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (d. 1758) 1701 - Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian nun and saint (d. 1771) 1711 - Elisabeth Teresa of Lorraine, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1741) 1762 - Samuel Adams Holyoake, American composer (d. 1820) 1784 - Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France (d. 1849) 1785 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean general (d. 1821) 1795 – Frederick William IV of Prussia (d. 1861) 1801 - Seabury Ford, 20th Governor of Ohio (d. 1855) 1802 - Louis-Eugene de Cavaignac, French general (d. 1857) 1814 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841) 1818 - Alexander Dreyschock, Bohemian composer (d. 1869) 1825 – Marie of Prussia (d. 1889) 1829 – Asaph Hall, American astronomer (d. 1907) 1831 - Horace Austin, Governor of Minnesota (d. 1905) 1836 – James Tissot, French artist (d. 1902) 1840 - August Mau, German archaeologist (d. 1909) 1844 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (d. 1900) 1852 - Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, Japanese admiral and politician (d. 1933) 1858 – John L. Sullivan, boxing champion (d. 1918) 1869 - Francisco Largo Caballero, Spanish politician (d. 1946) 1872 – Wilhelm Miklas, President of Austria (d. 1956) 1872 - August Nilsson, Swedish athlete (d. 1921) 1872 - Edith Wilson, First Lady of the United States (d. 1961) 1874 - Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1899) 1878 - Paul Reynaud, French politician (d. 1966) 1879 - Jane Darwell, American actress (d. 1967) 1881 – P. G. Wodehouse, British comic novelist (d. 1975) 1885 – Johannes Sveinsson Kjarval, Icelandic painter (d. 1972) 1890 - Homer M. Adkins, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1964) 1893 – King Carol II of Romania (d. 1953) 1894 – Moshe Sharett, second Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1965) 1897 - Johannes Sikkar, Estonian soldier and politician (d. 1960) 1898 – Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (d. 1951) 1900 – Mervyn LeRoy, movie director (d. 1987) 1901 1925 1905 – Angelo Schiavio, Italian footballer (d. 1990) 1906 – Hiram Leong Fong, Hawaiian politician (d. 2004) 1907 – Varian Fry, rescuer of Jewish and other intellectuals from Marseilles in 1940 (d. 1987) 1908 – John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian economist (d. 2006) 1909 - Jesse Leonard Greenstein, American astronomer (d. 2002) 1909 – Robert Trout, reporter (d. 2000) 1911 - John S. McKiernan, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1997) 1913 - Xi Zhongxun, Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician (d. 2002) 1914 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (d. 2007) 1915 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician and Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2012) 1916 - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, 1st President of Djibouti (d. 2006) 1917 – Arthur Schlesinger Jr., American political commentator and writer (d. 2007) 1917 – Jan Miner, American actress (d. 2004) 1919 - Malcolm Ross, American balloonist and physicist (d. 1985) 1920 – Mario Puzo, American novelist (d. 1999) 1920 – Chris Economaki, American Indianapolis 500 reporter (d. 2012) 1920 - Heinz Barth, German SS officer and war criminal (d. 2007) 1923 – Italo Calvino. Italian writer (d. 1985) 1924 – Lee Iacocca, industrialist 1924 – José Quintero, stage director 1924 – Mark Lenard, actor (d. 1996) 1926 1950 1926 – Michel Foucault, French philosopher (d. 1984) 1926 – Evan Hunter (Ed McBain, Curt Cannon), American writer (d. 2005) 1926 – Jean Peters, American actress (d. 2000) 1926 – Karl Richter, German conductor (d. 1981) 1926 - Agustin Garcia Calvo, Spanish philosopher (d. 2012) 1927 - Jeannette Charles, English actress 1927 - Bill Henry, American baseball player (d. 2014) 1927 - B. S. Abdur Rahman, Indian entrepreneur (d. 2015) 1930 - FM-2030, Iranian philosopher (d. 2000) 1930 - Ned McWherter, Governor of Tennessee (d. 2011) 1931 – Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, Indian scientist and former President of India (d. 2015) 1931 - Pauline Perry, Baroness Perry of Southwark, English academic and politician 1935 – Bobby Joe Morrow, American athlete 1935 - Dick McTaggart, British boxer 1935 - Maria Teresa Mirabal, Dominican activist (d. 1960) 1937 – Barry McGuire, singer 1937 - Linda Lavin, American actress, singer, director and producer 1938 – Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician (d. 1997) 1939 - Telesphore Toppo, Indian cardinal 1939 - Carmelo Bossi, Italian boxer (d. 2014) 1939 - Anna Maria Gherardi, Italian actress (d. 2014) 1940 – Peter C. Doherty, Australian immunologist 1940 – Benno Ohnesorg, German student (d. 1967) 1942 – Penny Marshall, actress, comedienne, movie director 1942 - Eric Charden, French singer (d. 2012) 1943 - John F. Street, American politician 1943 - Stanley Fischer, American economist and teacher 1944 – Sali Berisha, Albanian politician 1944 – David Trimble, Northern Irish politician, Nobel Peace Prize winner 1945 – Jim Palmer, American baseball player 1945 - Neophyte of Bulgaria, Bulgarian patriarch 1945 - Antonio Cañizares Llovera, Spanish cardinal 1946 – Richard Carpenter, singer, pianist, composer (Carpenters) 1946 - Stewart Stevenson, Scottish politician 1948 – Chris de Burgh, Irish singer 1948 - Renato Corona, Filipino jurist (d. 2016) 1950 - Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress, director and producer (d. 2015) 1951 1975 1951 - Roscoe Tanner, American tennis player 1951 - Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, Egyptian politician 1953 – Tito Jackson, American musician (Jackson 5) 1953 - Günther Oettinger, German politician 1954 - Princess Friederike of Hanover 1954 - Jere Burns, American actor 1955 - Tanya Roberts, American actress (d. 2021) 1955 - Kulbir Bhaura, Indian field hockey player 1956 - Soraya Post, Swedish politician 1956 - Jaime David Fernandez Mirabal, 36th Vice President of the Dominican Republic 1957 – Mira Nair, Indian director 1957 - Stacy Peralta, American director 1959 – Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York 1959 – Emeril Lagasse, American chef 1959 – Todd Solondz, director 1964 – Roberto Vittori, Italian astronaut 1966 - Jorge Campos, Mexican footballer 1966 - Dave Stead, English musician (Beautiful South) 1966 - Dougie Vipond, Scottish broadcaster and drummer (Deacon Blue) 1968 – Jyrki 69, Finnish musician 1968 – Didier Deschamps, French footballer 1968 - Vanessa Marcil, American actress 1969 – Dominic West, British actor 1969 - Vitor Baia, Portuguese footballer 1970 – Eric Benét, singer 1971 – Andy Cole, British footballer 1971 - Niko Kovac, Croatian footballer and coach 1972 – Sandra Kim, Belgian singer, Eurovision Song Contest winner 1972 - Fred Hoiberg, American basketball player 1974 - Bianca Rinaldi, Brazilian actress 1975 – Ginuwine, American singer From 1976 1977 – David Trezeguet, French footballer 1979 – Paul Robinson, English footballer 1979 – Maris Verpakovskis, Latvian footballer 1981 – Elena Dementieva, Russian tennis player 1981 - Keyshia Cole, American singer 1982 - Sachiko Yamada, Japanese swimmer 1983 - Holly Montag, American television personality 1983 - Bruno Senna, Brazilian racing driver 1983 – Andreas Ivanschitz, Austrian footballer 1986 - Lee Donghae, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress 1986 - Carlo Janka, Swiss skier 1987 - Chantal Strand, Canadian voice actress and singer 1988 – Mesut Oezil, German footballer 1989 - Anthony Joshua, English boxer 1989 - Fedez, Italian rapper and singer 1990 - Jeon Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress 1990 - Kiko Mizuhara, American-Japanese model, actress and singer 1995 - Billy Unger, American actor 1996 - Zelo, South Korean rapper and dancer 1999 - Bailee Madison, American actress 2005 – Prince Christian of Denmark Deaths Up to 1900 412 - Pope Theophilus of Alexandria 767 – Constantine II, Patriarch of Constantinople (executed) 898 - Lambert, Holy Roman Emperor 1002 – Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy (b. 949) 1174 - Petronilla of Aragon (b. 1135) 1326 - Walter de Stapledon, English bishop (b. 1261) 1389 – Pope Urban VI (b. 1318) 1564 - Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (b. 1514) 1582 – Saint Teresa of Avila, Spanish Carmelite nun and poet (b. 1515) 1715 - Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (b. 1675) 1811 – Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, English painter (b. 1735) 1817 - Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Lithuanian-Polish military figure (b. 1746) 1819 - Sergey Vyazmitinov, Russian general and statesman (b. 1744) 1837 - Ivan Dimitriev, Russian poet and statesman (b. 1760) 1865 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan polymath (b. 1781) 1880 – Victorio, Apache leader 1891 – Gilbert Arthur a Beckett, British writer (b. 1837) 1900 – Zdenek Fibich, Czech composer (b. 1850) 1901 2000 1904 - George, King of Saxony (b. 1832) 1917 – Mata Hari, Dutch exotic dancer and spy (b. 1867) 1918 - Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian guru and national saint of India (b. 1838) 1933 - Nitobe Inazo, Japanese diplomat (b. 1862) 1934 – Raymond Poincaré, French statesman (b. 1860) 1945 – Pierre Laval, premier of Vichy France (b. 1860) 1946 – Hermann Göring, German air force commander (b. 1893) 1948 - Edythe Chapman, American actress (b. 1863) 1955 - Fumio Hayasaka, Japanese composer (b. 1914) 1959 - Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian politician (b. 1909) 1960 - Clara Kimball Young, American actress and producer (b. 1890) 1964 – Cole Porter, American composer (b. 1891) 1965 – Abraham Fraenkel, Israeli mathematician (b. 1891) 1976 - Carlo Gambino, Italian-American crime boss (b. 1902) 1980 - Mikhail Lavrentyov, Russian physicist and mathematician (b. 1900) 1980 - Apostolis Nikolaidis, Greek footballer and volleyball player (b. 1896) 1987 – Thomas Sankara, Burkina Faso politician (b. 1949) 1988 – Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, Indian composer and classical pianist (b. 1892) 1990 - Delphine Seyrig, French actress (b. 1932) 1994 - Sarah Kofman, French philosopher (b. 1934) 1995 - Marco Campos, Brazilian racing driver (b. 1976) 1998 - Colette Darfeuil, French actress (b. 1906) 2000 – Konrad Emil Bloch, German-American biochemist (b. 1912) From 2001 2001 – Zhang Xueliang, Chinese warlord and military figure (b. 1901) 2003 – Ben Metcalfe, environmental activist (b. 1919) 2005 - Jason Collier, American basketball player (b. 1977) 2011 - Betty Driver, English actress (b. 1920) 2012 - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (b. 1922) 2012 - Claude Cheysson, French politician (b. 1920) 2013 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss politician (b. 1923) 2013 - Hans Riegel, German businessman (b. 1923) 2014 - Marie Dubois, French actress (b. 1937) 2014 - Giovanni Reale, Italian historian and philosopher (b. 1931) 2014 - Robert Tiernan, American politician (b. 1929) 2015 - Kenneth D. Taylor, Canadian diplomat (b. 1934) 2015 - Nate Huffman, American basketball player (b. 1975) 2015 - Sergei Filippenkov, Russian footballer (b. 1971) 2015 - Larry N. Vanderhoef, American biochemist (b. 1941) 2015 - Neill Sheridan, American baseball player (b. 1921) Observances Global Handwashing Day National Tree Planting Day (Sri Lanka) Teachers' Day (Brazil) Days of the year

10076

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2013

October 13

Events Up to 1900 54 Roman Empire emperor Claudius dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina. Nero becomes Emperor. 409 Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and reach Hispania, present-day Spain. 1307 All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy. 1399 Henry IV of England is crowned King. He founds the Royal House of Lancaster. 1582 Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. 1644 A Swedish-Dutch fleet defeats the Danes and captures about 1,000 prisoners. 1710 Port Royal, capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege to British forces. 1773 Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy. 1775 The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy). 1792 In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid. 1803 The first European settlement in Victoria, Australia, is started at Sullivan Bay, Victoria. 1812 War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaerof are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock. 1825 Ludwig I of Bavaria becomes King. 1843 In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world). 1845 A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state. 1881 First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and a group of his friends. 1884 Greenwich, London is decided as the place that the 0 degree longitude line will pass through. 1885 The Georgia Institute of Technology is founded of Atlanta, Georgia. 1898 British passenger ship Mohegan crashes into a reef off Cornwall, sinking within 12 minutes, killing 106 people. 1901 2000 1911 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn becomes the first British royal to be Governor-General of Canada. 1914 The Boston Braves complete a 4 games to 0 win over the Philadelphia Athletics at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts in the first such victory in Baseball World Series history. 1917 "Miracle of the Sun" is said to have been seen by 70,000 people in Fatima, Portugal. 1918 Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I. 1921 The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to determine modern borders between Turkey and the Southern Caucasus states. 1923 Ankara replaces Istanbul as capital city of Turkey. 1943 World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany. 1944 World War II: Riga, Latvia is occupied by the Red Army. 1945 The Christian Social Union of Bavaria, the main political party of Bavaria, is founded. 1946 France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic. 1958 Debut of Paddington Bear fictional character, created by Michael Bond. 1960 1960 World Series: Baseball player Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run. 1962 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway. 1967 The first game of the American Basketball Association is played in Oakland, California, as the Oakland Oaks defeat the Anaheim Amigos 134-129. 1970 Fiji joins the UN. 1972 An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176 1972 Andes flight disaster: Fairchild passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 movie Alive: The Miracle of the Andes. 1976 A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children killed on the ground) 1976 The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.. 1977 Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction. 1990 End of the Lebanese Civil War: Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon, removing Michel Aoun from the Presidential Palace. 1992 An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines crashes near Kiev, Ukraine, killing 8 people. 1995 Microsoft releases Windows 95. 1999 The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). From 2001 2003 The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology. 2006 Ban Ki-moon is chosen to succeed Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General. 2006 Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank win the Nobel Peace Prize. 2010 Miracle of Copiapo: 33 miners, who survived for a record 69 days, trapped underground in the San José mine in Chile, are rescued, in a rescue operation that was followed by people around the world. 2016 Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand, dies aged 88 after more than 70 years on the throne. He was the world's longest-serving head of state at the time of his death. 2016 Bob Dylan becomes the first singer-songwriter to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 2016 The Maldives announce their withdrawal from the Commonwealth of Nations. 2017 The United States and Israel announce their withdrawal from UNESCO. 2019 Simone Biles becomes the most-successful ever gymnast at the World Gymnastics Championships. Births Up to 1900 1162 Leonora of England, Queen of Castile (d. 1214) 1453 Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471) 1474 Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1495) 1499 Claude of France (d. 1524) 1566 Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643) 1613 Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, Queen of Portugal (d. 1666) 1680 Catherine Opalinska, Queen of Poland (d. 1747) 1713 Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784) 1768 Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (d. 1839) 1816 Benjamin H. Brewster, United States Attorney General (d. 1888) 1820 John William Dawson, Canadian geologist (d. 1899) 1821 Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist and politician (d. 1902) 1825 Charles Frederick Worth, English fashion designer (d. 1895) 1844 Ernest Myers, English poet (d. 1921) 1853 Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929) 1862 Mary Kingsley, British explorer (d. 1900) 1867 Ramon Maximiliano Valdés, 7th President of Panama (d. 1918) 1870 Albert Jay Nock, American writer (d. 1945) 1872 Blaise Diagne, Senegalese politician (d. 1934) 1874 Jozsef Klekl, Slovenian politician in Hungary (d. 1948) 1876 Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914) 1877 Theodore G. Bilbo, Governor of Mississippi (d. 1947) 1878 Stepan Shahumyan, Armenian politician and revolutionary (d. 1918) 1879 Edward Hennig, American gymnast (d. 1960) 1880 Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932) 1883 William Dickey, American diver (d. 1950) 1887 Jozef Tiso, Slovakian politician (d. 1947) 1890 Conrad Richter, American writer (d. 1968) 1891 Irene Rich, American actress (d. 1988) 1893 Kurt Reidemeister, German mathematician (d. 1971) 1895 Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978) 1896 E. Beatrice Riley, Australian supercentenarian (d. 2009) 1900 Gerald Marks, American composer (d. 1997) 1901 1950 1902 Karl Leichter, Estonian musicologist (d. 1987) 1904 Wilfred Pickles, English actor (d. 1978) 1905 Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian footballer (d. 1983) 1905 Yves Allégret, French movie director (d. 1987) 1908 Steinn Steinarr, Icelandic poet (d. 1958) 1909 Art Tatum, American jazz musician (d. 1956) 1911 Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001) 1911 Migjeni, Albanian poet (d. 1938) 1915 Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003) 1915 Wesley Powell, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1981) 1917 George Osmond, patriarch of the Osmonds (d. 2007) 1920 Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007) 1921 Yves Montand, French actor and singer (d. 1991) 1923 Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (d. 2006) 1923 Iona Opie, English folklorist 1924 Terry Gibbs, American jazz musician 1924 Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (d. 2019) 1924 Roberto Eduardo Viola, Argentine military leader (d. 1994) 1925 Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966) 1925 Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013) 1925 Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979) 1926 Killer Kowalski, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2008) 1926 Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (d. 2013) 1927 Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist 1927 Turgut Ozal, 8th President of Turkey (d. 1993) 1929 Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (d. 2018) 1931 Raymond Kopa, French footballer (d. 2017) 1933 Narriman Sadek, Egyptian royal 1933 Mark Zakharov, Russian director and screenwriter (d. 2019) 1934 Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer and politician 1934 Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005) 1938 Christiane Hörbiger, Austrian actress 1939 Melinda Dillon, American actress 1940 Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist 1940 Chris Farlowe, English rock, blues and soul singer 1941 Paul Simon, American musician and songwriter 1942 Rutanya Alda, Latvian-American actress 1943 Edmund Daukoru, OPEC Secretary-General 1943 Peter Sauber, Swiss Formula One team principal 1945 Desi Bouterse, President of Suriname 1946 Edwina Currie, British politician 1947 Joe Dolce, American-born Australian singer-songwriter 1947 Sammy Hagar, American singer 1949 Raimundo Fagner, Brazilian singer, composer and actor 1949 Marisol Malaret, Puerto Rican model 1949 Rick Vito, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fleetwood Mac) 1949 Mark Winzenried, American middle-distance runner 1950 Rolf Rüssmann, German footballer (d. 2009) 1951 1975 1952 Mundo Earwood, American country musician and singer-songwriter (d. 2014) 1954 Haitham bin Tariq, Sultan of Oman 1954 Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician 1956 Chris Carter, American TV and movie producer, director and writer 1958 Maria Cantwell, American politician 1958 Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (d. 2018) 1959 Marie Osmond, American entertainer 1960 Joey Belladonna, American musician 1960 Eric Joyce, Scottish politician 1960 Ari Fleischer, 24th White House Press Secretary 1960 Peter Keisler, United States Attorney General 1961 Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach 1962 Kelly Preston, American actress 1962 Jerry Rice, American football player 1963 Thomas Dörflein, German zookeeper (d. 2008) 1964 Nie Haisheng, Chinese astronaut 1964 Christopher Judge, American actor 1966 John Regis, English athlete 1967 Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player 1967 Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete 1967 Kate Walsh, American actress 1968 Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo) 1968 Tisha Campbell, American actress 1969 Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater 1970 Mel Jackson, American actor and musician 1970 Paul Potts, English tenor 1970 Rob Howley, Welsh rugby player and coach 1971 Sacha Baron Cohen, English actor and comedian 1971 Kira Reed, American actress and TV host, writer and producer From 1976 1977 Katrin Wagner-Augustin, German canoeist 1977 Paul Pierce, American basketball player 1977 Antonio Di Natale, Italian footballer 1978 Wes Brown, English footballer 1978 Markus Heikkinen, Finnish footballer 1978 Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player 1980 Magne Hoseth, Norwegian footballer 1980 David Haye, English boxer 1980 Scott Parker, English footballer 1980 Ashanti, American singer and actress 1981 Kele Okereke, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Bloc Party) 1982 Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer 1982 Kevin Clifton, English professional dancer 1982 Denis Buntic, Croatian handball player 1984 Misono, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist 1984 Frank Simek, American basketball player 1986 Gabriel Agbonlahor, English footballer 1986 Sergio Pérez Moya, Mexican footballer 1987 Ashley Newbrough, American actress 1988 Scott Jamieson, Australian footballer 1988 Enrique Pérez, Mexican footballer 1988 Susan Thorsgaard, Danish handball player 1989 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, American politician and activist 1990 Pooja Hegde, Indian model and actress 1990 Himesh Patel, English actor 1992 Aaron Dismuke, American voice actor 1993 Kaito Ishikawa, Japanese voice actor 1993 D-Pryde, Canadian rapper 1993 Tiffany Trump, daughter of Donald Trump Deaths Up to 1900 54 Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC) 1093 Robert I, Count of Flanders 1282 Nichiren, Japanese monk (b. 1222) 1687 Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633) 1706 Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682) 1715 Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638) 1759 John Henley, English clergyman (b. 1692) 1812 Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769) 1815 Joachim Murat, King of Naples, Marshal of France (b. 1767) 1822 Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (b. 1757) 1825 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. 1756) 1852 John Lloyd Stephens, American explorer, writer and diplomat (b. 1805) 1869 Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804) 1882 Arthur Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816) 1890 Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court justice (b. 1816) 1901 2000 1904 Pavlos Melas, Greek military officer (b. 1870) 1905 Henry Irving, British actor (b. 1838) 1909 Francisco Ferrer y Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849) 1911 Sister Nivedita, Irish-Indian social worker, author and educator (b. 1867) 1917 Florence La Badie, pioneer actress (b. 1888) 1919 Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer (born 1857) 1926 Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (b. 1865) 1928 Dagmar of Denmark, Empress of Russia (b. 1847) 1931 Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (b. 1868) 1938 E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (b. 1892) 1945 Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857) 1955 Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897) 1961 Prince Louis Rwagasore, Prime Minister of Burundi (b. 1932) 1966 Clifton Webb, actor (b. 1889) 1968 Bea Benaderet, actress (b. 1906) 1974 Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901) 1979 Antonio Berni, Argentine painter, illustrator and engraver (b. 1905) 1981 Rebecca Clarke, composer and violist (b. 1886) 1987 Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist (b. 1902) 1987 Kishore Kumar, Indian singer (b. 1929) 1989 Merab Kostava, Georgian political activist (b. 1939) 1990 Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1911) 1993 Wade Flemons, American singer-songwriter (b. 1940) 1996 Beryl Reid, English actress (b. 1919) 1998 Dmitry Filippov, Russian politician (b. 1944) 2000 Gus Hall, American Communist politician (b. 1910) From 2001 2001 Peter Doyle, Australian singer (b. 1949) 2002 Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936) 2003 Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel Prize-winning Canadian physicist (b. 1918) 2006 Dino Monduzzi, Italian cardinal (b. 1922) 2007 Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929) 2008 Alexei Cherepanov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989) 2008 Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971) 2009 Al Martino, American musician (b. 1927) 2010 Vernon Biever, American photographer (b. 1923) 2010 Mary Malcolm, British television personality (b. 1918) 2012 Gary Collins, American actor and television host (b. 1938) 2013 Olga Aroseva, Russian actress (b. 1926) 2013 Tommy Whittle, British jazz saxophonist (b. 1926) 2014 Antonio Cafiero, Argentine politician (b. 1922) 2014 Pontus Segerström, Swedish footballer (b. 1981) 2015 Sue Lloyd-Roberts, English journalist (b. 1950) 2016 Dario Fo, Italian writer, playwright, theatre director and actor (b. 1926) 2016 Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (b. 1946) 2016 Jim Prentice, Canadian politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (b. 1956) 2017 Satish Chandra, Indian historian (b. 1922) 2017 Pierre Hanon, Belgian footballer (b. 1936) 2017 Bo Holmström, Swedish journalist (b. 1938) 2017 William Lombardy, American chess player (b. 1937) 2017 Albert Zafy, President of Madagascar (b. 1927) 2018 Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Cameroonian philosopher (b. 1934) 2018 William Coors, American brewer (b. 1916) 2018 Nikolai Pankin, Russian swimmer (b. 1949) 2018 Jim Taylor, American football player (b. 1935) 2018 Robert W. Doran, New Zealand computer scientist (b. 1944) 2018 Edgar S. Harris Jr., American Air Force lieutenant general (b. 1925) 2018 Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham, British politician (b. 1941) 2019 Scotty Bowers, American author (b. 1923) 2019 Richard Huckle, British sex offender (b. 1986) 2019 Charles Jencks, American architect and philanthropist (b. 1939) 2019 Vasim Mammadiyev, Azerbaijani theologian (b. 1942) 2019 Adolfo Mexiac, Mexican artist (b. 1927) Observances National Police Day (Thailand) International Day for Disaster Reduction Days of the year

10077

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2019

October 19

Events Up to 1900 202 BC – The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. AD 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa. 1216 - King John of England dies. His nine-year-old son takes to the throne, becoming King Henry III of England. 1303 - Siegen, in Westphalia (in present-day Germany) is given city rights. 1386 - First lecture at the University of Heidelberg. 1453 – The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil. 1466 – The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals. 1781 – Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War. 1789 - John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States. 1805 - Battle of Ulm in the Napoleonic Wars. 1812 – Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow. 1813 – The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats. 1845 - Opera Tannhäuser by Richar Wagner is first performed. 1864 – Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early. 1864 – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada. 1866 - Austria hands over Veneto to France, which immediately gives it to Italy. Mantua also becomes part of Italy. 1873 – Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules. 1901 2000 1912 – Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire. 1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins. 1917 – Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened. 1921 - Portugal's Prime Minister Antonio Joaquim Granjo is killed in a coup. 1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations. 1935 – Fascist Italy invades Ethiopia. 1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University. 1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines. 1950 – The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War. 1954 – First successful climb of Cho Oyu in the Himalayas. 1956 - The Soviet Union and Japan sign a joint declaration, officially ending the state of war between them. 1973 – President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes. 1973 - Heavy rain causes floods in south-eastern Spain, killing around 200 people. 1974 – Niue becomes a self-governing territory of New Zealand. 1982 – John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine. 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard. 1985 – The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas. 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains. 1987 – In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms. 1987 – (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%. 1989 – Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal – they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice. 1991 - An earthquake in northern India, of magnitude 7, kills 2,000 people. 1992 - German politicians Petra Kelly and Gert Bastian are found dead. It is believed that Bastian killed Kelly on October 1, before killing himself. 1994 – New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time. From 2001 2001 – SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island 2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II. 2004 – Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption. 2005 – The trial of Saddam Hussein, on charges of Crimes against Humanity, begins. 2005 – Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record. 2007 - A bomb explosion occurs at a market in Makati, Philippines, killing 11 people. 2008 - In the US, former Republican United States Secretary of State Colin Powell announces that he intends to vote for Democrat candidate Barack Obama over John McCain in the November 4 Presidential election. 2012 - A bomb attack in Beirut, Lebanon, kills at least 11 people, including the Lebanese army chief. The attack is believed to be linked to the conflict in Syria. 2015 - The Liberal Party of Canada wins an overall majority in Canada's general election, ending over nine years of Stephen Harper's Conservative government. Justin Trudeau is the designated Prime Minister of Canada. 2017 - A stick-shaped object called 'Oumuamua is discovered as it passes through the Solar System. 2018 - A train runs over a crowd celebrating a Hindu festival in Amritsar, India, killing at least 60 people. 2018 - Unmanned European-Japanese spacecraft BepiColombo is launched on a seven-year journey to the planet Mercury. 2018 - Saudi Arabia admits that the missing journalist Jamal Khashoggi died in its consulate in Istanbul, Turkey. 2019 - A dam collapses at a gold mine on the Seiba river in the Krasnoyarsk region of Siberia, Russia, killing 15 people. 2019 - The House of Commons of the United Kingdom holds a Saturday sitting for the first time since 1982 because of the issue of Brexit. Births Up to 1900 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328) 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499) 1562 – Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633) 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich of Russia (d. 1591) 1605 – Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682) 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688) 1658 – Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704) 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752) 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804) 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and anti-Slavery activist (d. 1772) 1748 - Martha Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782) 1774 - José de Fabrega, Panamanian military (d. 1844) 1784 – John McLoughlin, Hudson's Bay company trader (d. 1857) 1784 - James Henry Leigh Hunt, English Romantic critic, essayist and poet (d. 1859) 1789 - Theophilos Kairis, Greek priest and revolutionary (d. 1853) 1795 - Pedro Blanco Soto, Bolivian general and politician (d. 1829) 1810 - Cassius Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903) 1814 - Theodoros Vryzakis, Greek painter (d. 1918) 1827 - Charles Cordier, French sculptor (d. 1902) 1851 – Empress Myeongseong of Korea (d. 1895) 1856 - Edmund Beecher Wilson, American biologist (d. 1939) 1858 – George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937) 1862 – Auguste Lumière, one of the inventors of cinema (d. 1954) 1868 - Bertha Knight Landes, American politician (d. 1943) 1871 - Luigi Albertini, Italian politician and publicist (d. 1941) 1872 - Jacques E. Brandenberger, Swiss chemist (d. 1954) 1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925) 1876 - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1945) 1876 - Mihkel Pung, Estonian politician (d. 1941) 1882 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916) 1884 - Eugen Habermann, Estonian architect (d. 1944) 1885 – Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956) 1895 – Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990) 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994) 1899 – Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemalan writer (d. 1974) 1900 – Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990) 1901 1950 1907 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, band leader (d. 1962) 1908 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981) 1909 - Stein Grieg Halvorsen, Norwegian theatre actor (d. 2013) 1910 – Jean Genet, French writer (d. 1986) 1910 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian physicist (d. 1995) 1913 – Vinícius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980) 1913 - Haxhi Lleshi, Albanian military and politician (d. 1998) 1914 - Juanita Moore, American actress (d. 2014) 1915 - Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician and actor (d. 1974) 1916 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1994) 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist (d. 2009) 1917 - Walter Munk, Austrian-born American oceanographer (d. 2019) 1918 - Robert Schwarz Strauss, American politician and diplomat (d. 2014) 1920 - Pandurana Shastri, Indian philosopher (d. 2003) 1921 - George Nader, American actor (d. 2002) 1921 – Gunnar Nordahl, Swedish footballer (d. 1995) 1924 - Lubomir Strougal, former Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia 1925 - Czeslaw Kiszczak, former Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2015) 1925 - Bernard Hepton, English actor (d. 2018) 1925 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine naval officer and member of the Military Junta (d. 2010) 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter (d. 2009) 1926 - Marjorie Tallchief, American ballerina 1927 - Pierre Alechinsky, Belgian artist 1931 - Manolo Escobar, Spanish singer and actor (d. 2013) 1931 – John le Carré, English novelist 1932 – Robert Reed, actor (d. 1992) 1934 - William Frates, American military veteran and radiologist (d. 2019) 1934 – Yakubu Gowon, former President of Nigeria 1935 - Don Ward, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1935 - Agne Simonsson, Swedish footballer 1936 - Sylvia Browne, American author (d. 2013) 1937 – Peter Max, American pop artist 1938 - Eugenio Montejo, Venezuelan poet (d. 2008) 1940 – Michael Gambon, Irish-British actor 1940 - Rosny Smarth, 8th Prime Minister of Haiti 1941 - Pepetela, Angolan writer, politician and activist 1941 - Simon Ward, English actor (d. 2012) 1942 – Andrew Vachss, writer and attorney 1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer 1944 - Pepetela, Angolan writer, politician and activist 1944 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (d. 1987) 1945 – Divine, actor (d. 1988) 1945 – John Lithgow, American actor 1945 - Angus Deaton, Scottish-American economist 1945 - Gloria Jones, American singer and songwriter 1945 – Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist 1946 - Bob Holland, Australian cricketer (d. 2017) 1946 – Philip Pullman, English writer 1946 - Jürgen Croy, East German footballer 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator 1951 1975 1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek physicist 1952 - Peter Bone, English politician 1953 - Sylvie Bermann, French diplomat 1953 - Lionel Hollins, American basketball player and coach 1954 – Sam Allardyce, English football manager 1954 - Joe Bryant, American basketball player 1954 - Ken Stott, Scottish actor 1955 - LaSalle Ishii, Japanese television personality, actor and director 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993) 1956 - Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver 1956 - Sunny Deol, Indian actor and director 1957 - Karl Wallinger, Welsh singer-songwriter, musician and producer 1958 - Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter, pianist, producer and actor 1958 - Michael Steele, American journalist and politician 1959 - Nir Barkat, Israeli politician 1959 - Martin Kusch, German philosopher 1960 - Jennifer Holliday, American actress and singer 1962 – Evander Holyfield, American boxing champion 1962 - Tracy Chevalier, American author 1963 – Prince Laurent of Belgium 1964 - Jorge Luis González, Cuban-born American boxer 1965 – Ty Pennington, American TV carpenter 1966 – Jon Favreau, American actor, writer, director 1966 – Sinitta, American-British singer 1967 - Amy Carter, daughter of Jimmy Carter 1969 – DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ 1969 – Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer 1969 – Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, actor 1969 - Dieter Thomas, German ski jumper 1969 - Caroline Catz, English actress 1970 - Nouria Mérah-Benida, Algerian runner 1971 - David Wagner, German-American footballer and coach 1972 – Pras, musician 1973 - Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player 1973 - Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player From 1976 1976 – Paul Hartley, Scottish footballer 1976 – Desmond Harrington, American actor 1976 – Michael Young, American baseball player 1977 – Habib Beye, Senegalese footballer 1977 - Jason Reitman, American writer and director 1978 - Ruslan Chagaev, Uzbekistani boxer 1979 - Brian Robertson, American trombonist (Suburban Legends) 1979 - Lei Jia, Chinese singer 1981 – Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish racing driver 1982 – Louis Oosthuizen, South African golfer 1982 - Gillian Jacobs, American actress 1982 - Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer 1983 - Vladimir Gabulov, Russian footballer 1983 - Cara Santa Maria, American journalist 1983 - Rebecca Ferguson, Swedish singer 1983 - Adrie Visser, Dutch cyclist 1984 - Saki Fujita, Japanese voice actress 1985 - Kevin O'Connor, Irish footballer 1988 - Dot Rotten, English rapper and musician 1989 – Miroslav Stoch, Slovakian footballer 1990 - Janet Leon, Swedish singer-songwriter and dancer 1990 - Ciara Renée, American actress and singer 1991 - Cotton Dixon, American singer and pianist 1992 - Kim Ji-won, South Korean actress 1993 – Abby Sunderland, American sailor 2004 – Abilass Jeyarajah, Sri Lankan tsunami survivor Deaths Up to 1900 727 - Frithuswith, English saint (b. 650) 1187 – Pope Urban III 1216 – King John of England (b. 1167) 1587 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541) 1619 - Fujiwara Seika, Japanese philosopher and educator (b. 1561) 1682 – Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605) 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646) 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (b. 1667) 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724) 1813 – Jozef Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (b. 1763) 1815 - Paolo Mascagni, Italian physician (b. 1755) 1842 - Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808) 1851 - Marie Thérèse of France (b. 1778) 1856 - William Sprague, American politician (b. 1799) 1860 - Ang Duong, Cambodian King (b. 1796) 1889 – King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838) 1890 – Richard Francis Burton, British explorer (b. 1821) 1893 - Lucy Stone, American activist (b. 1818) 1897 - George Pullman, American engineer and businessman (b. 1831) 1901 2000 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829) 1905 - Virgil Earp, American Western figure (b. 1843) 1911 - Eugene Burton Ely, American aviator (b. 1886) 1912 - Julius Maggi, Swiss businessman (b. 1846) 1918 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887) 1921 - Antonio Joaquim Granjo, Prime Minister of Portugal 1936 – Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881) 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist (b. 1871) 1940 - Umberto Caligaris, Italian footballer (b. 1901) 1940 - Emilio Comici, Italian climber and cave explorer (b. 1901) 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864) 1945 – Plutarco Elias Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877) 1950 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892) 1955 - Carlos Davila, Chilean politician, diplomat and journalist (b. 1887) 1956 - Isham Jones, American bandleader, saxophonist, bassist and songwriter (b. 1894) 1964 - Sergey Biryuzov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1904) 1969 - Lacey Hearn, American sprinter (b. 1881) 1970 – Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (b. 1895) 1978 - Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913) 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944) 1984 – Jerzy Popieluszko, Polish priest, supported the Solidarity movement (b. 1947) 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933) 1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, British cellist (b. 1945) 1994 - Martha Raye, American actress (b. 1916) 1995 – Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936) 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947) 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, French novelist (b. 1900) From 2001 2002 - Nikolay Rukavishnikov, Russian physicist and cosmonaut (b. 1932) 2003 – Alija Izetbegovic, President of Bosnia and Herzegovina (b. 1925) 2003 – Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1957) 2005 - Ryan Dallas Cook, American trombonist (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982) 2008 - Gianni Raimondi, Italian tenor (b. 1923) 2009 – Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (b. 1918) 2009 - Howard Unruh, American murderer (b. 1921) 2010 – Tom Bosley, American actor (b. 1927) 2012 - Fiorenzo Magni, Italian cyclist (b. 1920) 2014 - Lynda Bellingham, Canadian-English actress (b. 1948) 2014 - Etienne Mourrut, French politician (b. 1939) 2014 - John Holt, Jamaican singer (b. 1947) 2014 - Gloria Casarez, American civil rights activist (b. 1971) 2014 - Stephen Paulus, American composer (b. 1949) 2014 - Raphael Ravenscroft, British saxophonist (b. 1954) 2015 - Ali Treki, Libyan diplomat (b. 1938) 2016 - Yvette Chauviré, French ballerina (b. 1917) 2017 - Umberto Lenzi, Italian film director (b. 1931) 2018 - Takanobu Hozumi, Japanese actor (b. 1931) 2018 - Osamu Shimomura, Japanese biochemist, Nobel Prize for Chemistry winner (b. 1928) 2018 - Diana Sowle, American actress (b. 1930) 2019 - Erhard Eppler, German politician (b. 1926) 2019 - Salvador Giner, Spanish sociologist (b. 1934) 2019 - Ishmael Levenston, Saban politician (b. 1940) 2019 - Joseph Lombardo, American mafioso (b. 1929) 2019 - Alexander Volkov, Russian tennis player (b. 1967) Observances Constitution Day (Niue) Mother Teresa Day (Albania) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2018

October 18

Events Up to 1900 320 - Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes a solar eclipse and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer. 629 - King Dagobert is crowned King of the Franks. 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the "mad" Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. 1016 – The Danes defeat the Saxons in the Battle of Ashingdon. 1081 - The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. 1210 - Pope Innocent III excommunicates German leader Otto IV. 1356 - An earthquake destroys Basel, Switzerland. 1386 - Opening of the University of Heidelberg. 1502 - Opening of the University of Wittenberg. 1540 - Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama. 1561 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen beats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts 1599 - Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia defeats the army of Andrew Bathory in the Battle of Selimbar, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people. 1685 – Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes, which has protected French Protestants. Roman Catholicism is reinstated as the state religion in France. 1748 – Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession. 1767 – Mason–Dixon line, survey separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed. 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The burning of Falmouth, present-day Portland, Maine, prompts the Continental Congress to create the Continental Navy. 1779 - American Revolutionary War: The French-American Siege of Savannah is ended. 1797 - The Treaty of Campo Formio is signed by France and Austria. 1851 – Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London. 1860 – The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty. 1867 – United States takes possession of Alaska, celebrated annually in the state as (Alaska Day). On this day, Alaska also changes from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, and the International Date Line is shifted to the west. 1898 – United States takes possession of Puerto Rico. 1901 2000 1908 – Belgium annexes the Congo Free State. 1912 – The First Balkan War begins. 1913 - The monument to the 1813 Battle of the Nations is completed in Leipzig. 1921 - The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is founded. 1922 – The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service. 1925 – The Grand Ole Opry opens. 1929 - Women are officially declared "Persons" under Canadian law. 1944 – Adolf Hitler orders the establishment of a German national militia. 1944 – Soviet Union invades Czechoslovakia 1945 – The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the United States's plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1945 - A group of the Venezuelan Armed Forces stages a military coup, overthrowing President Isaias Medina Anguarita. 1945 - Juan Peron marries Eva Peron. 1954 – Texas Instruments announces the first Transistor radio 1964 – The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair closes for its first season after a six-month run. 1967 - Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere under another planet. 1968 - 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City: Bob Beamon jumps 8.90 metres in the long jump, known as the 'jump into the 21st century'. 1968 – A police raid on John Lennon and Yoko Ono's flat finds 168 grains of marijuana. They later plead guilty and are fined £150. 1969 – Jefferson Airplane member Paul Kantner is charged with possession of marijuana on Hawaii. 1974 – The Texas Chainsaw Massacre opens in theaters. 1975 - The Saint Nazaire Bridge in western France is opened to traffic. 1976 - Bangladesh is recognized by China and established diplomatic ties with Dacca. 1977 – German Autumn: a set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is executed and various RAF members commit suicide. The German government states that it would never again negotiate with terrorists. 1989 – Erich Honecker resigns as leader of East Germany. 1989 – The Galileo space probe is launched. 1991 - The Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopts a declaration of Independence from the Soviet Union. 1993 – Andreas Papandreou begins his second term as Prime Minister of Greece. From 2001 2003 – Bolivian Gas War: President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada is forced to resign and leave Bolivia. 2004 - World Chess Championship: Vladimir Kramnik defends his title against Hungary's Peter Leko. 2007 – A bomb attack in Karachi kills 139 people and injures 450. Benazir Bhutto, returning from exile, escapes unhurt. 2011 – Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Palestinians after over five years. In exchange, Israel releases 1,027 Palestinian prisoners. 2019 - A bomb attack in Nangarhar, Afghanistan, kills at least 62 people. 2019 - Astronauts Jessica Meir and Christina Koch perform the first all-female spacewalk. Births Up to 1900 1127 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1192) 1405 – Pope Pius II (d. 1464) 1547 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (d. 1606) 1569 - Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (d. 1625) 1585 – Heinrich Schuetz, German composer (d. 1672) (October 8 in Julian calendar) 1634 - Luca Giordano, Italian artist (d. 1705) 1653 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1713) 1663 - Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736) 1668 - John George IV, Elector of Saxony (d. 1694) 1706 - Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (d. 1785) 1741 - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (d. 1803) 1753 - Joseph Bloomfield, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1823) 1777 – Heinrich von Kleist, German writer (d. 1811) 1785 - Thomas Love Peacock, English poet and dramatist (d. 1866) 1801 - Justo José de Urquiza, President of Argentina (d. 1870) 1804 – Mongkut (Rama IV), King of Siam (Thailand) (d. 1868) 1805 - Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia (d. 1885) 1822 - Midhat Pasha, 238th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1883) 1824 - Juan Valera, Spanish writer, diplomat and politician (d. 1905) 1831 – Frederick III of Germany (d. 1888) 1836 - Frederick August Otto Schwarz, American entrepreneur (d. 1911) 1854 – Salomon August Andrée, Swedish explorer (d. 1897) 1856 - James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee (d. 1937) 1859 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher (d. 1941) 1865 – Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist (d. 1957) 1868 - Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (d. 1931) 1870 - D. T. Suzuki, Japanese author and Buddhist scholar (d. 1966) 1872 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet and writer (d. 1936) 1873 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian politician (d. 1951) 1882 - Lucien Petit-Breton, Argentine-born French cyclist (d. 1917) 1884 - Hugo Goetz, American swimmer (d. 1972) 1887 - Takashi Sakai, Japanese Governor of Hong Kong (d. 1946) 1893 - Sidney Holland, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1961) 1893 - George Ohsawa, Japanese philosopher (d. 1966) 1894 - Tibor Déry, Hungarian writer (d. 1977) 1894 - Yury Tynyanov, Russian writer (d. 1943) 1898 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (d. 1981) 1901 1950 1902 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist (d. 1980) 1902 - Miriam Hopkins, American actress (d. 1972) 1903 - Lina Radke, German athlete (d. 1983) 1905 – Jan Gies, Dutch resistance fighter (d. 1993) 1905 – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (d. 1993) 1906 - James Brooks, American painter (d. 1992) 1909 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher in law and political science (d. 2004) 1912 - Aurelio Sabattani, Italian cardinal (d. 2003) 1912 - Philibert Tsiranana, President of Madagascar (d. 1978) 1914 - Raymond Lambert, Swiss mountaineer (d. 1997) 1918 - Molly Geertsema, Dutch politician (d. 1991) 1918 - Bobby Troup, American actor, jazz pianist and singer-songwriter (d. 1999) 1918 - Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Greek politician, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2017) 1919 – Pierre Trudeau, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000) 1919 – Anita O'Day, American singer (d. 2006) 1919 - Camilla Williams, American opera singer (d. 2012) 1920 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politician (d. 1994) 1921 – Jesse Helms, American politician (d. 2008) 1921 - Jerry Cooke, American photographer (d. 2005) 1923 - Paulo Amaral, Brazilian footballer (d. 2008) 1923 – Julius Nespral, German actor 1923 - Jessie Mae Hemphill, American blues electric guitarist and singer-songwriter (d. 2008) 1923 - Boris Sagal, Ukrainian-American film director (d. 1981) 1924 - Egil Hovland, Norwegian composer (d. 2013) 1925 – Ramiz Alia, Albanian politician (d. 2011) 1925 - N. D. Tiwari, Indian politician (d. 2018) 1926 – Chuck Berry, American singer and musician (d. 2017) 1926 - Yoram Gross, Polish-Australian animation producer and director (d. 2015) 1926 – Klaus Kinski, German actor (d. 1991) 1927 - George C. Scott, American actor, producer and director (d. 1999) 1928 - Ernest Simoni, Albanian cardinal 1929 – Violeta Chamorro, former President of Nicaragua 1930 - Frank Carlucci, American politician, 16th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2018) 1932 - René Bliard, French footballer (d. 2009) 1932 – Vytautas Landsbergis, Lithuanian politician 1933 - Firuz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani politician (d. 2018) 1933 - Ludovico Scarfiotti, Italian racing driver (d. 1968) 1934 - Inger Stevens, Swedish actress (d. 1970) 1934 - Kir Bulychev, Russian science fiction writer (d. 2003) 1934 - Sylvie Joly, French actress (d. 2015) 1935 – Peter Boyle, American actor (d. 2006) 1938 - Bo Holmström, Swedish journalist (d. 2017) 1938 - Guy Roux, French football manager 1939 - Flavio Cotti, Swiss politician 1939 - Mike Ditka, American football player and coach 1939 – Lee Harvey Oswald, suspected assassin of John F. Kennedy (d. 1963) 1941 - Timothy Bell, Baron Bell, British advertising and public relations executive (d. 2019) 1943 – Andrej Bajuk, Slovenian banker and politician (d. 2011) 1943 - Christine Charbonneau, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2014) 1945 - Huell Howser, American TV host (d. 2013) 1945 - Kate Pretty, English archaeologist 1946 - Dafydd Elis-Thomas, Welsh politician (Plaid Cymru) 1947 - Paul Chuckle, English comedian 1947 - Job Cohen, Dutch politician 1948 - Ntozake Shange, American poet and playwright (d. 2018) 1949 - Erwin Sellering, German politician 1950 - Om Puri, Indian actor and singer (d. 2017) 1950 - Wendy Wasserstein, American playwright (d. 2006) 1951 1975 1952 - Patrick Morrow, Canadian mountaineer 1952 - Chuck Lorre, American scriptwriter, director and producer 1952 - Jim Ratcliffe, English businessman 1955 - Rita Verdonk, Dutch politician 1956 – Martina Navratilova, Czech-born tennis player 1957 - Catherine Ringer, French singer-songwriter, dancer and actress 1957 - Jon Lindstrom, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1958 - Kjell Samuelsson, Swedish ice hockey player 1958 - Julio Olarticoechea, Argentine footballer 1958 - Stacy Allison, American mountaineer 1959 - Mauricio Funes, former President of El Salvador 1959 - Ernesto Canto, Mexican athlete 1960 - Craig Mello, American biochemist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 – Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian bodybuilder and actor 1961 – Wynton Marsalis, American musician 1962 - Vincent Spaho, American actor and director 1966 - Angela Visser, Dutch model and actress 1968 - Lisa Chappell, New Zealand actress and singer 1968 – Michael Stich, German tennis player 1973 - James Foley, American journalist (d. 2014) 1974 – Robbie Savage, Welsh footballer 1974 – Peter Svensson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans) 1975 - Zhou Xun, Chinese actress and singer From 1976 1977 – Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand footballer 1977 - Kunal Kapoor, Indian actor 1978 – Mike Tindall, English rugby player 1979 - Jaroslav Drobny, Czech footballer 1979 - 'Ana Po'uhila, Tongan shot putter, hammer and discus thrower 1979 - Hikaru Kawamura, Japanese model 1979 – Ne-Yo, American singer 1982 - Svetlana Loboda, Ukrainian singer and composer 1982 - Mark Sampson, Welsh football coach 1983 - Dante, Brazilian footballer 1984 – Freida Pinto, Indian actress and model 1984 - Robert Harting, German hammer thrower 1984 – Lindsey Vonn, American skier 1984 - Esperanza Spalding, American bassist and singer 1984 - Jennifer Ulrich, German actress 1984 - Justin Mapp, American soccer player 1984 - Milo Yiannopoulos, English journalist 1985 - Yoenis Céspedes, Cuban baseball player 1987 – Freja Beha Erichsen, Danish model 1987 – Zac Efron, American singer and actor 1988 - Sam Quek, English field hockey player 1989 - Joy Lauren, American actress 1990 – Carly Schroeder, American actress 1990 - Bristol Palin, daughter of Sarah Palin 1991 – Tyler Posey, American actor 1992 - John John Florence, American surfer Deaths Up to 1900 325 - Jin Mingdi, Chinese Emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 299) 707 - Pope John VII 1035 - Sancho of Navarre, King of Navarre 1141 - Leopold IV of Austria, Duke of Bavaria 1417 – Pope Gregory XII 1480 - Uhwudong, Korean dancer and poet (b. 1441) 1503 – Pope Pius III (b. 1439) 1541 – Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland (b. 1489) 1545 - John Taverner, English composer and organist (b. 1490) 1558 - Mary of Hungary (b. 1605) 1564 - Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (b. 1520) 1646 - Isaac Jogues, French priest, missionary and martyr (b. 1607) 1667 - Emperor Fasilides of Ethiopia (b. 1603) 1744 - Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (b. 1660) 1769 - Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia 1845 - Dominique, comte de Cassini, French cartographer and astronomer (b. 1748) 1865 – Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784) 1871 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and inventor (b. 1791) 1886 – Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician (b. 1796) 1889 – Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (b. 1808) 1893 – Charles Gounod, French composer (b. 1818) 1901 2000 1911 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist (b. 1857) 1921 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (b. 1845) 1931 – Thomas Edison, American inventor (b. 1847) 1934 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1852) 1941 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 7th President of Portugal (b. 1860) 1942 - Mikhail Nesterov, Russian painter (b. 1862) 1948 - Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881) 1948 - Philip Collier, 14th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1873) 1954 – Einar Jonsson, Icelandic sculptor (b. 1874) 1955 - José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher and sociologist (b. 1883) 1959 - Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (b. 1898) 1965 – Henry Travers, British actor (b. 1874) 1966 – Elizabeth Arden, Canadian businesswoman (b. 1880) 1973 – Leo Strauss, German-American philosopher (b. 1899) 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913) 1976 - Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Indian poet (b. 1895) 1977 - German Autumn deaths: Hanns Martin Schleyer, German politician (b. 1915) (killed) Andreas Baader, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1943) (suicide) Gudrun Ensslin, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1940) (suicide) Jan-Carl Raspe, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1944) (suicide) 1978 – Ramon Mercader, assassin of Leon Trotsky (b. 1914) 1982 – Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (b. 1885) 1982 – Pierre Mendès France, French politician (b. 1907) 1982 - John Robarts, Canadian politician, 17th Premier of Ontario (b. 1917) 1984 - Henri Michaux, French painter and poet (b. 1899) 1987 - Adriaan Ditvoorst, Dutch movie director and screenwriter (b. 1940) 1988 - Frederick Ashton, British dancer and choreographer (b. 1904) 2000 – Julie London, American singer and actress (b. 1926) From 2001 2001 - Micheline Ostermeyer, French athlete and musician (b. 1922) 2002 - Nikolai Rukavishnikov, cosmonaut (b. 1932) 2003 – Preston Smith, Governor of Texas (b. 1912) 2003 - Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1939) 2004 - K. M. Veerappan, Indian criminal (b. 1952) 2006 - Marc Hodler, Swiss skiing official (b. 1918) 2006 - Mario Francesco Pompedda, Italian cardinal (b. 1929) 2007 – Lucky Dube, South African musician (b. 1964) 2007 - William J. Crowe, American admiral and diplomat (b. 1925) 2008 – Dee Dee Warwick, American jazz musician (b. 1931) 2011 - Norman Corwin, American radio broadcaster (b. 1910) 2012 - Slater Martin, American basketball player (b. 1925) 2013 - Tom Foley, American politician, former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1929) 2013 - Bill Young, American politician (b. 1930) 2014 - Rachel Makinson, Australian research scientist (b. 1917) 2014 - Joanne Borgella, American singer (b. 1982) 2014 - Paul Craft, American musician and songwriter (b. 1938) 2015 - Gamal El-Ghitani, Egyptian writer (b. 1945) 2015 - Frank Watkins, American musician (b. 1968) 2017 - Eamonn Campbell, Irish guitarist and record producer (b. 1946) 2017 - Marino Perani, Italian footballer (b. 1939) 2017 - Yeoh Tiong Lay, Malaysian businessman (b. 1929) 2017 - Ricardo Vidal, Filipino cardinal (b. 1931) 2017 - Issam Zahreddine, Syrian Republican Guard Major General (b. 1961) 2017 - Brent Briscoe, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1961) 2017 - Helen DeVos, American philanthropist and political donor (b. 1927) 2018 - Abdul Raziq Achakzai, Afghan officer (b. 1979) 2018 - Ayub Bachchu, Bangladeshi singer-songwriter (b. 1962) 2018 - Anthea Bell, British translator (b. 1936) 2018 - Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, former President of Sudan (b. 1934) 2018 - Danny Leiner, American film director (b. 1961) 2018 - Lisbet Palme, Swedish child psychologist, wife of Olof Palme (b. 1931) 2018 - Dick Slater, American professional wrestler (b. 1951) 2018 - N. D. Tiwari, Indian politician (b. 1925) 2019 - Nicolás Díaz, Chilean politician and cardiologist (b. 1929) 2019 - Michael Flaksman, American cellist (b. 1946) 2019 - Horace Romano Harré, New Zealand-British philosopher and psychologist (b. 1927) 2019 - Mark Hurd, American businessman (b. 1957) 2019 - Rui Jordao, Angolan-Portuguese footballer (b. 1952) 2019 - William Milliken, American politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (b. 1922) 2019 - Mike Reilly, American football player (b. 1942) 2019 - Mikhail Innokentyevich Semyonov, Russian politician (b. 1938) 2019 - Meir Shamgar, Israeli lawyer and politician (b. 1925) 2021 - Colin Powell, American General and politician (b. 1937) Observances Alaska Day Persons Day (Canada) Necktie Day (Croatia) Days of the year

10079

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2010

November 10

Events Up to 1950 1444 – Battle of Varna: King Wladyslaw of Poland and Hungary is killed, after defeat to the Turks under Murad II. 1520 – King Christian II of Denmark orders the execution of dozens of people in the Stockholm Bloodbath, after successfully invading Sweden. 1619 - René Descartes has the dreams that inspire his Meditations on First Philosophy. 1674 - The Netherlands cedes the New Netherland to England. 1775 – United States Marine Corps is created. 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte becomes French consul. 1821 - Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de los Santos, Panama, sets into motion a revolt which will lead to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia. 1847 - Passenger ship Stephen Whitney is wrecked in thick fog off Ireland, killing 92 out of the 110 people on board. 1865 - Major Henry Wirz, superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, US, is hanged. 1871 – Henry Morton Stanley locates the explorer David Livingstone in Ujiji, Tanzania. 1890 - At Cabo Vilan, Spain, British ship HMS Serpent of the Royal Navy sinks in stormy seas, killing 172 people, with 3 being able to swim to safety. 1909 - The first outdoor ice rink opens in Vienna. 1918 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, following the declaring of a Republic in Germany, goes into exile in the Netherlands. 1928 – Coronation of Hirohito as Emperor of Japan. 1938 – The Kristallnacht ends. About 30 000 Jews are moved to concentration camps, and over 1500 synagogues are partly destroyed. 1938 - President of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk dies. 1940 - The 1940 Vrancea earthquake in Romania kills around 1,000 people. 1942 - World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French admiral Francois Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the allies in North Africa. 1944 - The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Manus, Admiralty Islands, killing at least 432 people. 1945 - Heavy fighting in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonists after World War II. 1946 - An earthquake in the Ancash region of Peru kills 1,400 people. From 1951 1951 - The US' first direct coast-to-coast service begins, between New Jersey and California. 1954 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery. 1958 - The Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston. 1969 – The television show Sesame Street airs for the first time in the United States. 1970 - For the first time in five years, a week passes without reports of US Military casualties in Vietnam. 1970 - Soviet lunar probe Lunokhod 1 is launched. 1971 - In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44 people. 1975 – The SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew members on board. 1975 - The UN General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with Racism. This is repealed (removed) by 1991. 1978 - Larry Holmes wins the World Heavyweight Boxing title against Alfredo Evangelista. 1982 - Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev dies, being succeeded by Yuri Andropov, who himself dies only 15 months later, in February 1984. 1989 – Bulgaria's Communist regime under Todor Zhivkov falls. 1995 – Nine Nigerian human rights activists are executed, including the writer Ken Saro-Wiwa. 2001 – Apple Inc. starts selling the IPod. 2008 - Over five months after landing on Mars, NASA declares the Phoenix mission finished, after communication with the lander was lost. 2009 - Ships from the North Korean and South Korean navies clash off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea. 2009 – John Allen Muhammad is executed for the Beltway sniper attacks. 2011 – Lucas Papademos is chosen to lead a caretaker government in Greece. 2012 - Four days after the United States Presidential Election, Florida is given to Barack Obama, sealing his 332-206 Electoral College win over Mitt Romney. 2013 - Marc Marquez becomes the youngest Moto GP world champion. 2014 - A suicide bomb attack at a school in northeastern Nigeria kills 48 people. 2019 - Spain holds its second general election in less than seven months, with the governing Socialist Party under Pedro Sánchez remaining the largest party but the far-right Vox Party doubling its number of seats. 2019 - Evo Morales resigns as President of Bolivia during a political crisis in the country over his disputed re-election on October 20. Births Up to 1800 1232 - Haakon the Young, King of Norway (d. 1257) 1341 - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English statesman (d. 1408) 1433 – Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1477) 1480 - Bridget of York, English nun and princess (d. 1517) 1483 – Martin Luther, German Protestant reformer (d. 1546) 1547 - Gerhard Truchsess von Waldburg, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1601) 1565 - Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646) 1577 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (d. 1660) 1668 – François Couperin, French composer (d. 1733) 1683 – George II, German-born King of Britain (d. 1760) 1695 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771) 1697 - Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco (d. 1731) 1697 – William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764) 1710 - Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (d. 1792) 1720 - Honoré III, Prince of Monaco (d. 1795) 1728 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish playwright (d. 1774) 1735 - Granville Sharp, English abolitionist (d. 1813) 1740 - Maria Kunigunde of Saxony (d. 1826) 1755 - Franz Anton Ries, German violinist (d. 1846) 1759 – Friedrich Schiller, German writer (d. 1805) 1801 1900 1801 - Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (d. 1872) 1801 - Samuel Gridley Howe, American social reformer (d. 1876) 1807 – Robert Blum, German politician and revolutionary (d. 1848) 1810 - George Jennings, English plumber and engineer (d. 1882) 1829 - Elwin Bruno Christoffel, German astronomer (d. 1900) 1834 – José Hernández, Argentine journalist, poet and politician (d. 1886) 1845 - Miguel Antonio Caro, 2nd President of Colombia (d. 1909) 1845 – John Sparrow David Thompson, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1894) 1851 - Francis Maitland Balfour, Scottish biologist (d. 1882) 1859 - Théophile Steinlen, Swiss-French artist (d. 1923) 1861 - Robert T. A. Innes, Scottish astronomer (d. 1933) 1862 - Chester Hardy Aldrich, 17th Governor of Nebraska (d. 1924) 1868 - Gichin Funakoshi, Japanese martial artist (d. 1957) 1871 - Winston Churchill, American novelist (d. 1947) 1873 - Henri Rabaud, French composer (d. 1949) 1875 - Hansi Niese, Austrian actress (d. 1934) 1878 - Jorge Ubico, President of Guatemala (d. 1946) 1879 – Patrick Pearse, Irish writer and political activist (d. 1916) 1880 - Jacob Epstein, American sculptor (d. 1959) 1883 - Olaf Bull, Norwegian poet (d. 1933) 1886 - Edward Joseph Collins, American pianist, conductor and composer (d. 1951) 1887 - Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu, Romanian engineer (d. 1973) 1887 – Arnold Zweig, German writer (d. 1968) 1888 – Andrei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1972) 1888 - Juan Antonio Ríos, President of Chile (d. 1946) 1889 - Claude Rains, British-American actor (d. 1967) 1890 - El Lissitzky, American artist (d. 1941) 1892 - Mabel Normand, American actress and director (d. 1930) 1893 - John P. Marquand, American writer (d. 1960) 1895 - John Knudsen Northrop, American industrialist and aircraft designer (d. 1981) 1896 - Jimmy Dykes, American baseball player and manager (d. 1976) 1897 - Antonio Pons, Acting President of Ecuador (d. 1980) 1899 - Swami Satyabhakta, Indian guru, philosopher and scholar (d. 1998) 1901 1950 1905 - Louis Harold Gray, British physicist and radiologist (d. 1965) 1907 - Jane Froman, American actress and singer (d. 1980) 1909 - Pawel Jasienica, Polish historian (d. 1970) 1909 - Johnny Marks, American songwriter (d. 1985) 1911 - Harry Andrews, English actor (d. 1989) 1912 - Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Prime Minister of Gabon (d. 1989) 1914 – Edmund Conen, German footballer (d. 1990) 1916 - Dr. Tangalanga, Argentine comedian (d. 2013) 1918 – Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist (d. 2007) 1919 – Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian inventor of the AK-47 (d. 2013) 1920 - Maurice Clavel, French writer and philosopher (d. 1979) 1920 – Jennifer Holt, American actress (d. 1997) 1923 – Hachiko, world famous Japanese Akita dog (d. 1935) 1924 - Russell Johnson, American actor (d. 2014) 1925 – Richard Burton, Welsh actor (d. 1984) 1927 - Vaughn O. Lang, American general (d. 2014) 1927 - Sabah, Lebanese singer and actress (d. 2014) 1928 – Ennio Morricone, Italian composer 1930 - Gene Conley, American basketball player (d. 2017) 1930 - Adam Purple, American activist and gardener (d. 2015) 1931 - Lilly Pulitzer, American fashion designer (d. 2013) 1932 – Roy Scheider, American actor (d. 2008) 1932 - Paul Bley, Canadian pianist (d. 2016) 1933 - Ronald Evans, American astronaut (d. 1982) 1934 - Lucien Bianchi, Belgian racing driver (d. 1969) 1935 - Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov, Russian astronomer and astrophysicist 1937 – Albert Hall, American actor 1937 - Archie Macpherson, Scottish sports commentator 1938 – Jiri Grusa, Czech diplomat and writer (d. 2011) 1939 - Russell Means, Native American activist and actor (d. 2012) 1940 – Screaming Lord Sutch, British musician and politician (d. 1999) 1942 – Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss Federal Councillor 1942 – Robert F. Engle, American economist 1943 - Saxby Chambliss, American politician 1944 – Sir Tim Rice, English songwriter 1944 - Askar Akayev, former President of Kyrgyzstan 1944 - Silvestre Reyes, American politician 1945 - Terence Davies, English screenwriter, director, novelist and actor 1947 – Greg Lake, English musician (d. 2016) 1947 – Bachir Gemayel, Lebanese politician (d. 1982) 1947 - Glen Buxton, American musician 1948 – Vincent Schiavelli, American actor (d. 2005) 1948 - Shigesato Itoi, Japanese video game designer, voice actor and author 1949 - Ann Reinking, American actress and dancer 1949 - Michio Yasuda, Japanese footballer 1951 1975 1954 - Jaume Bartumeu, 5th Prime Minister of Andorra 1955 – Roland Emmerich, German movie director 1955 – Bruno Peyron, French sailor 1956 - Mohsen Badawi, Egyptian entrepreneur and activist 1956 - Matt Craven, Canadian actor 1956 - Sinbad, American actor and comedian 1957 - Nigel Evans, British politician 1958 - Stephen Herek, American film director 1958 - George Lowe, American actor and comedian 1959 – Mackenzie Phillips, American actress 1959 - Randy Mamola, American racing driver 1960 – Neil Gaiman, English writer 1961 - John Walton, English darts player 1963 – Hugh Bonneville, English actor 1963 - Mike Powell, American athlete 1963 - Antoni Martí, 6th Prime Minister of Andorra 1964 - Magnús Scheving, Icelandic sportsperson, producer and actor 1965 - Sean Hughes, Irish actor and comedian (d. 2017) 1965 – Eddie Irvine, Northern Irish racing driver 1967 - Andreas Scholl, German tenor 1967 - Michael Jai White, American actor and martial artist 1968 – Tracy Morgan, American actor and comedian 1968 - Daphne Deckers, Dutch model 1968 - Steve Brookstein, British singer 1969 – Faustino Asprilla, Colombian footballer 1969 – Jens Lehmann, German footballer 1969 – Ellen Pompeo, American actress 1970 – Warren G, American rapper 1970 - Sergei Ovchinnikov, Russian footballer and manager 1971 - Mario Abdo Benítez, Paraguayan politician, President of Paraguay 1971 - Jose Peralta, American politician (d. 2018) 1971 - Magnus Johansson, Swedish footballer 1971 - Niki Karimi, Iranian actress, director and screenwriter 1971 - Holly Black, American writer 1972 - DJ Ashba, American musician (Guns N' Roses) 1973 – Patrik Berger, Czech footballer From 1976 1976 – Steffen Iversen, Norwegian footballer 1976 – Shefki Kuqi, Finnish footballer 1977 - Erik Nevland, Norwegian footballer 1977 – Brittany Murphy, American actress (d. 2009) 1978 - Kyla Cole, Slovakian model, fashion designer and pornographic actress 1978 - Ruth Davidson, Scottish journalist and politician, former Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party 1978 – Eve, American rapper and actress 1978 – Nadine Angerer, German footballer 1979 - Anthony Réveillère, French footballer 1981 - Miroslav Slepicka, Czech footballer 1981 - Ryback, American professional wrestler 1982 - Ruth Lorenzo, Spanish singer 1982 – Heather Matarazzo, American actress 1983 – Miranda Lambert, American singer 1983 - Craig Smith, American basketball player 1984 - Kendrick Perkins, American basketball player 1985 – Aleksandar Kolarov, Serbian footballer 1986 – Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan marathon runner (d. 2011) 1986 - Josh Peck, American actor 1987 - Jessica Tovey, Australian actress 1989 - Taron Egerton, Welsh actor 1990 - Kristina Vogel, German track cyclist 1990 - Vanessa Ferrari, Italian gymnast 1990 - Aron Johansson, American soccer player 1990 - Mireia Belmonte, Spanish swimmer 1991 - Genevieve Buechner, Canadian actress 1991 - Tony Snell, American basketball player 1992 - Wilfried Zaha, Ivorian-English footballer 1994 - Takuma Asano, Japanese footballer 1994 - Zoey Deutch, American actress 1999 - Kiernan Shipka, American actress 2000 – Mackenzie Foy, American actress and model Deaths Up to 1900 461 - Pope Leo I 627 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury 901 - Adelaide of Paris (b. 850) 1241 - Pope Celestine IV 1444 – Wladyslaw of Poland (b. 1424) 1549 – Pope Paul III, last of the Renaissance popes (b. 1468) 1605 – Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (b. 1522) 1644 - Luis Velez de Guevara, Spanish writer (b. 1579) 1673 - Michael of Poland (b. 1640) 1777 - Cornstalk, American tribal chief (b. 1720) 1808 - Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, 21st Governor General of Canada (b. 1724) 1838 - Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Ukrainian poet (b. 1769) 1848 – King Christian VIII of Denmark (b. 1786) 1848 – Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (b. 1789) 1852 - Gideon Mantell, British geologist, physician and palaeontologist (b. 1790) 1865 - Henry Wirz, Swiss-born American POW commandant (b. 1823) 1891 – Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (b. 1854) 1901 2000 1911 - Christian Lundeberg, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1842) 1912 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (b. 1863) 1916 – Walter Sutton, American biologist (b. 1877) 1936 - Louis Gustave Binger, French army officer and explorer (b. 1856) 1937 - Lev Shubnikov, Russian physicist (b. 1901) 1938 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, first President of Turkey (b. 1881) 1940 - Ilie Pintilie, Romanian activist (b. 1903) 1943 - Johannes Prassek, German activist (b. 1911) 1959 – Felix Jacoby, German classical philologist (b. 1896) 1977 - Dennis Wheatley, English writer (b. 1897) 1981 - Abel Gance, French actor, director and producer (b. 1889) 1982 – Leonid Brezhnev, leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1906) 1987 - Seyni Kountché, President of Niger (b. 1931) 1987 - Noor Hossain, Bangladeshi activist (b. 1961) 1990 - Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist (b. 1914) 1991 – Gunnar Gren, Swedish footballer (b. 1920) 1992 - Chuck Connors, American actor and athlete (b. 1921) 1994 - Carmen McRae, American singer (b. 1920) 1995 – Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer and human rights activist (b. 1941) 1997 - Ave Ninchi, Italian actress (b. 1914) 1998 - Mary Millar, British actress (b. 1936) 2000 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Prime Minister of France (b. 1915) 2000 - Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919) From 2001 2001 – Ken Kesey, American writer (b. 1935) 2002 - Michel Boisrond, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1921) 2003 – Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (b. 1936) 2003 - Irv Kupcinet, American columnist and television presenter (b. 1912) 2006 – Jack Palance, American actor (b. 1919) 2007 – Laraine Day, American actress (b. 1920) 2007 – Norman Mailer, American writer (b. 1923) 2008 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer (b. 1932) 2009 – Robert Enke, German footballer (b. 1977) 2009 – John Allen Muhammad, American spree killer (b. 1960) 2010 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian movie producer (b. 1919) 2011 - Ivan Martin Jirous, Czech poet (b. 1944) 2013 - Giorgio Orelli, Swiss poet (b. 1921) 2014 - Wayne Goss, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (b. 1951) 2014 - Steve Dodd, Australian actor (b. 1928) 2014 - Al Renfrew, American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1924) 2014 - Ken Takakura, Japanese actor (b. 1931) 2014 - Doc Paskowitz, American surfer (b. 1921) 2014 - Jovian, American lemur actor (b. 1994) 2015 - Allen Toussaint, American musician, songwriter and producer (b. 1938) 2015 - Laurent Vidal, French triathlete (b. 1984) 2015 - André Glucksmann, French philosopher (b. 1937) 2015 - Pat Eddery, Irish jockey (b. 1952) 2015 - Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of West Germany (b. 1918) 2015 - Tim Valentine, American politician (b. 1926) 2015 - Klaus Roth, German-British mathematician (b. 1925) 2015 - Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist, physicist and engineer (b. 1922) 2017 - Ray Lovelock, Italian actor and rock musician (b. 1950) 2017 - Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov, Latvian-born Russian comedian and writer (b. 1948) 2017 - Bernhard Eckstein, German racing cyclist (b. 1935) 2017 - Erika Remberg, Austrian actress (b. 1932) 2018 - Raffaele Baldassarre, Italian politician (b. 1956) 2018 - Joel Barcellos, Brazilian actor (b. 1936) 2018 - Ron Johnson, American football player (b. 1947) 2018 - Herbert London, American political activist and conservative commentator (b. 1939) 2018 - Liz J. Patterson, American politician (b. 1939) 2019 - T. N. Seshan, Indian politician (b. 1932) 2019 - István Szívós, Hungarian water polo player (b. 1948) Observances Atatürk Remembrance Day (Turkey) Heroes' Day, or Hari Pahlawan (Indonesia) World Science Day Days of the year

10081

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2011

November 11

Events Up to 1900 1100 - Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. 1417 - Pope Martin V is elected. 1500 - Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand III of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples. 1620 – In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony. 1648 – France and the Netherlands agree to divide the island of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the y=x function. 1675 – Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. 1750 - Riots break out Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent. 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia. 1855 - An earthquake near Edo, now Tokyo, kills 6,000 people. 1864 – American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south. 1865 - The Treaty of Sinchula is signed: Bhutan gives areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company. 1880 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hung in Melbourne. 1887 - Haymarket trials: August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed. 1887 - Building work begins on the Manchester Ship Canal. 1889 – Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state. 1901 2000 1918 – World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. 1918 – Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. 1918 – Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates. 1919 - Latvian forces defeat the Freikorps at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence. 1921 – The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery. 1926 - The US' numbered Highway system is introduced. 1930 - Patent number US1781541 is given to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator. 1934 - The Shrine of Remembrance is opened in Melbourne, Australia. 1940 – World War II: The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto. 1940 - The Armistice Day Blizzard kills 144 people in the Midwestern United States. 1942 - World War II: Germany completes its occupation of France. 1954 - The Two Towers, part of the trilogy of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, is released in the UK. 1960 - In South Vietnam, a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem is crushed. 1965 – Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith. 1966 – NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12. 1967 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the NLF and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden. 1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. 1968 – A second republic is declared in Maldives. 1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam. 1975 – Angola becomes independent from Portugal, with Agostinho Neto as President. 1975 – Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as Prime Minister. 1978 – Maumoon Gayoom succeeds Ibrahim Nasir as the President of the Republic of the Maldives. 1978 – A renovated Hollywood sign is unveiled, replacing the older version that was built in 1923. 1981 - Antigua and Barbuda joins the UN. 1986 – Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys. They become the second largest computer company. 1992 – The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests. 1997 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland. 2000 – In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel. From 2001 2004 – New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington 2004 – Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization minutes after the death of Yasser Arafat. 2004 – Official Guided by Voices Day in San Diego, California. 2004 – Mary McAleese was inaugurated for a second term as President of Ireland. 2006 - Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London. 2008 – The ship RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 sets sail for its last voyage. 2008 – Mohamed Nasheed succeeds Maumoon Gayoom as President of the Maldives. 2011 – Michael D. Higgins is inaugurated as President of Ireland. 2014 - 58 people are killed in a bus crash in Sukkur District in Pakistan's southern province of Sindh. 2018 - Ceremonies take place worldwide to mark 100 years since the end of World War I; several political leaders gather in France, while Frank-Walter Steinmeier becomes the first German Head of state to take part in the official Remembrance Day commemorations in London. Births Up to 1800 995 - Gisela of Swabia (d. 1041) 1050 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106) 1154 – King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212) 1155 – King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214) 1220 - Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (d. 1271) 1441 – Charlotte of Savoy, Queen of France (d. 1483) 1491 - Martin Bucer, Alsatian theologian and religious reformer (d. 1551) 1493 – Paracelsus, Swiss physician, alchemist and mystic (d. 1541) 1493 - Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569) 1569 - Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and alchemist (d. 1611) 1579 - Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (d. 1657) 1599 - Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1655) 1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736) 1696 - Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1757) 1733 - Philip John Schuyler, American politician and soldier (d. 1804) 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828) 1744 – Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818) 1748 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819) 1758 - Caleb P. Bennett, Governor of Delaware (d. 1836) 1781 - Caroline Bardua, German painter (d. 1864) 1791 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss politician (d. 1855) 1792 - Mary Anne Disraeli, Welsh wife of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (d. 1872) 1799 - Charles Bent, Territorial Governor of New Mexico (d. 1847) 1801 1900 1821 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881) 1831 - Willard Fiske, American librarian and scholar (d. 1904) 1835 – Matthias Jochumsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1920) 1848 - Zinovy Rozhdestvensky, Russian admiral (d. 1909) 1854 - William Yates Atkinson, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1899) 1858 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884) 1863 – Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935) 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist (d. 1921) 1869 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist (d. 1901) 1869 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1946) 1872 - Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953) 1872 - David I. Walsh, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947) 1882 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973) 1883 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969) 1885 – George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945) 1887 - Roland Young, English actor (d. 1953) 1888 - Abul Kalam Azad, Indian independence activist (d. 1958) 1891 - Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player (d. 1954) 1893 - Paul van Zeeland, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1973) 1894 - Beverly Bayne, American silent movie actress (d. 1982) 1896 - Lucky Luciano, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1962) 1898 - René Clair, French movie director (d. 1981) 1899 - Pat O'Brien, American movie actor (d. 1983) 1901 1950 1901 – Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (d. 1945) 1901 – Sam Spiegel, Austrian-American movie director (d. 1985) 1904 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1996) 1904 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960) 1904 - Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer and songwriter (d. 1978) 1909 - Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973) 1910 - Carl A. Wirtanen, American astronomer (d. 1990) 1911 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002) 1912 - Nina Andrycz, Polish actress (d. 2014) 1914 - Howard Fast, American writer (d. 2003) 1915 - Anna Schwartz, American economist and writer (d. 2012) 1917 - Manuel Alexandre, Spanish actor (d. 2010) 1918 - Stubby Kaye, American actor (d. 1997) 1920 – Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003) 1921 - Terrel Bell, American politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Education (d. 1996) 1922 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist (d. 2007) 1925 - John Guillermin, English director, writer and producer (d. 2015) 1925 – June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018) 1925 - Jonathan Winters, American comedy actor (d. 2013) 1926 - Torfi Bryngeirsson, Icelandic long jumper (d. 1995) 1926 - Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998) 1926 - Noah Gordon, American novelist 1926 - Maria Teresa de Filippis, Italian racing driver (d. 2016) 1927 - Mose Allison, American jazz musician (d. 2016) 1928 - Joseph Mercieca, former Archbishop of Malta (d. 2016) 1928 - Ernestine Anderson, American singer (d. 2016) 1928 - Gracita Morales, Spanish actress and singer (d. 1995) 1928 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (d. 2012) 1929 – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer 1929 - LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997) 1930 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (d. 1982) 1930 - Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008) 1930 - Mildred Dresselhaus, American physicist (d. 2017) 1932 - Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist 1936 - Mala Sinha, Bollywood movie actress 1936 - Susan Kohner, American actress 1937 - André Brugiroux, French traveler and writer 1937 - Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat 1938 - Haruhiro Yamashita, Japanese gymnast 1938 - Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater (d. 2015) 1940 - Barbara Boxer, American politician and United States Senator for California 1944 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor 1945 – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua 1945 - Vince Martell, American musician 1945 - Chris Dreja, English guitarist 1948 - René Harris, President of Nauru (d. 2008) 1950 - Jim Peterik, American musician 1951 1975 1951 – Kim Peek, American megasavant (d. 2009) 1951 - Fuzzy Zoeller, American golfer 1953 - Marshall Crenshaw, American rock music singer 1953 - Andy Partridge, British musician and singer-songwriter 1953 - Evelyn Matthei, Chilean politician 1955 - Friedrich Merz, German politician 1955 - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, former King of Bhutan 1956 - José Luis Brown, Argentine footballer (d. 2019) 1956 - Ian Craig Marsh, English guitarist 1958 - Luz Casal, Spanish singer 1958 - Kathy Lette, Australian author 1960 - Marcel Koller, Swiss footballer and coach 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor and director 1960 - Cristina Odone, Italian journalist, writer and editor 1960 - Chuck Hernandez, American baseball player and coach 1961 - Luca Zingaretti, Italian actor 1962 – James Morrison, Australian musician 1962 – Demi Moore, American actress 1964 – Calista Flockhart, American actress 1966 - Benedicta Boccoli, Italian actress 1966 - Alison Doody, Irish actress and model 1966 - Paul Monaghan, Scottish politician 1968 - Peaches, Canadian-German singer-songwriter, DJ, producer and actress 1968 - Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel leader (d. 2008) 1969 - Carson Kressley, American television host and fashion designer 1970 – Lee Battersby, Australian writer 1971 - Jennifer Celotta, American director, producer and screenwriter 1972 - Tyler Christopher, American actor 1973 - Jason White, American musician (Green Day) 1974 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor From 1976 1977 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002) 1977 – Maniche, Portuguese footballer 1978 - Ludmilla Radchenko, Russian actress 1978 – Erik Edman, Swedish footballer 1981 – Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1981 – Raphael Gualazzi, Italian pianist and singer 1981 – Natalie Glebova, Russian-Canadian beauty queen, Miss Universe 2005 1982 - Gonzalo Canale, Argentine-born Italian rugby player 1983 – Philipp Lahm, German footballer 1983 - Arouna Koné, Ivorian footballer 1986 - Greta Salóme Stefánsdóttir, Icelandic singer, songwriter and violinist 1986 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player 1987 - Yuya Tegoshi, Japanese singer and actor 1989 – Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer (Morning Musume) 1989 - Adam Rippon, American figure skater 1990 - Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer 1990 - Tom Dumoulin, Dutch cyclist 1991 - Christa B. Allen, American actress 1993 - Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer 1994 - Ellie Simmonds, British Paralympic swimmer Deaths Up to 1900 855 - Petronas, Byzantine Empire general 1028 - Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor 1130 - Theresa, Countess of Portugal (b. 1080) 1189 - William II of Sicily (b. 1153) 1623 - Philippe de Mornay, French theorist (b. 1549) 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor and politician (b. 1602) 1724 - Joseph Blake, English outlaw and highwayman (b. 1700) 1751 - Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (b. 1709) 1831 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800) 1855 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813) 1861 – King Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837) 1862 - James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793) 1880 – Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (b. 1855) 1880 – Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793) 1887 - Haymarket affair executions: George Engel, German-American businessman and activist (b. 1836) Adolph Fischer, German-American printer and activist (b. 1858) Albert Parsons, American journalist and activist (b. 1848) August Spies, American journalist and activist (b. 1855) 1901 2000 1917 – Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838) 1918 – George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier (b. 1892) 1918 - Victor Adler, Austrian politician (b. 1852) 1919 - Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter (b. 1832) 1919 - Felix von Hartmann, German cardinal (b. 1861) 1938 - Typhoid Mary, Irish-American carrier of typhoid fever (b. 1869) 1939 - Jan Opletal, Czech student (b. 1915) 1945 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885) 1948 - Fred Niblo, American movie actor, director and producer (b. 1874) 1950 - Alexandros Diomidis, Greek banker and statesman (b. 1875) 1953 - Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866) 1968 – Jeanne Demessieux, French composer (b. 1921) 1972 - Berry Oakley, American musician (b. 1948) 1973 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist (b. 1895) 1976 – Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898) 1977 - Greta Keller, Austrian-American actress and singer (b. 1903) 1979 - Dmitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-American composer and conductor (b. 1894) 1984 - Martin Luther King, Sr., American civil rights figure (b. 1899) 1985 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1959) 1990 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909) 1993 - Erskine Hawkins, American trumpeter and big band leader (b. 1914) 1994 – Pedro Zamora, Cuban-American AIDS activist (b. 1972) 1994 - John A. Volpe, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1908) 1997 - Rod Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950) 1999 – Vivian Fuchs, British geologist and polar explorer (b. 1908) 2000 - Sandra Schmidt, German skier (b. 1981) From 2001 2004 – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (b. 1929) 2004 – Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948) 2005 – Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, British photographer (b. 1939) 2010 - Marie Osborne, American actress (b. 1911) 2012 - Rex Hunt, former British Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1926) 2013 - Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal (b. 1917) 2013 - Stein Grieg Halvorsen, Norwegian theatre actor (b. 1909) 2014 - John Doar, American lawyer (b. 1921) 2014 - Carol Ann Susi, American actress (b. 1952) 2014 - Harry Lonsdale, American scientist, entrepreneur and politician (b. 1932) 2015 - Nathaniel Marston, American actor (b. 1975) 2015 - Phil Taylor, English musician (Motörhead) (b. 1954) 2016 - Robert Vaughn, American actor (b. 1932) 2016 - Aki Schmidt, German footballer (b. 1935) 2016 - Ilse Aichinger, Austrian writer (b. 1921) 2017 - Kirti Nidhi Bista, Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1927) 2017 - Valery Rozov, Russian BASE jumper (b. 1964) 2017 - Ian Wachtmeister, Swedish business executive and politician (b. 1932) 2017 - Henry Emeleus, British geologist (b. 1930) 2018 - D. J. Finney, British statistician (b. 1917) 2018 - Olga Harmony, Mexican playwright (b. 1928) 2018 - Wayne Maunder, Canadian-American actor (b. 1937) 2018 - Douglas Rain, Canadian actor (b. 1928) 2018 - Frankie Schneider, American NASCAR driver (b. 1926) 2019 - Zeke Bratkowski, American football player (b. 1931) 2019 - Frank Dobson, British politician (b. 1940) 2019 - Winston Lackin, Surinamese politician (b. 1954) 2019 - James Le Mesurier, British army officer and aid worker (b. 1971) 2019 - Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (b. 1933) 2019 - Mümtaz Soysal, Turkish politician and lawyer (b. 1929) 2019 - Edward Zacca, Acting Governor-General of Jamaica (b. 1931) Observances Christian feast day of Martin of Tours (St. Martin) Remembrance Day (some English-speaking countries) Veterans Day (United States) Armistice Day (France, Belgium) Independence Day (Poland, Angola) Lacplesis Day (Latvia) Republic Day (Maldives) Singles Day (China) Women's Day (Belgium) Days of the year

10082

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2014

November 14

Events Up to 1965 1493 - Christopher Columbus lands on an island in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, which he names "Santa Cruz". 1495 - Battle of Aguere: Forces of the Kingdom of Castile defeat a force of Guanches, the native people of the Canary Islands. 1501 - Both aged 15, Catherine of Aragon and Arthur Tudor marry. 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, then part of the Inca Empire. 1633 - Thirty Years' War: Swedish troops take over Regensburg, Bavaria. 1770 - James Bruce discovers what he believes is the source of the Nile. 1862 - American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln supports General Ambrose Burnside's plan to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia, leading to the Battle of Fredericksburg. 1889 – Nellie Bly begins her 72-day journey around the world. 1894 – Tsar Nicholas II marries Alexandra Fyodorovna. 1901 - Austrian doctor Karl Landsteiner announces the discovery of the blood groups A, B and O. 1909 - French passenger ship La Seyne sinks after a collision with a British steamer, killing 101 people. 1910 - Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first take-off from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia, from the makeshift deck of the USS Birmingham. 1916 – Billy Hughes becomes Prime Minister of Australia for a second time. 1916 – World War II: The First Battle of the Somme ends. 1918 – Czechoslovakia becomes a Republic. 1921 - The Communist Party of Spain is founded. 1922 - The BBC begins its radio service. 1940 - World War II: The city of Coventry in England is almost completely destroyed by Luftwaffe bombing. 1941 - World War II: The HMS Ark Royal aircraft carrier sinks from torpedo damage from German submarine U-81 the previous day. 1946 - Hermann Hesse wins the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1952 - The UK Singles Chart is published by the New Musical Express. 1954 - Gamal Abdel Nasser takes over power in Egypt. 1962 - Haile Selassie declares Eritrea to be part of Ethiopia. 1963 – The island of Surtsey is formed by a volcanic eruption off the south coast of Iceland. 1965 - Vietnam War: The Battle of La Drong begins. From 1966 1966 - Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) defends his heavyweight boxing title against Cleveland Williams. 1967 - The Congress of Colombia declares this date as the Day of the Colombian Woman. 1967 - American physicist Theodore Maiman is given a patent for his ruby laser systems. 1969 - NASA launches Apollo 12, the second manned mission to the Moon. Despite two lightning strikes, the launch is carried out successfully. 1970 - Southern Airways Flight 932 crashes in mountains near Huntington, West Virginia, killing 75 people. 1971 - Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria is officially enthroned. 1971 - Mariner 9 enters into orbit around Mars. 1973 - Anne, Princess Royal marries Captain Mark Phillips. 1975 – Spain abandons Western Sahara. 1979 - Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the US in response to the hostage crisis. 1982 – Lech Walesa is released from detention. 1990 – Germany and Poland agree to the Oder-Neisse Line forming their boundary. 1991 – Norodom Sihanouk returns to Cambodia after 13 years of exile. 1995 - The United States Government temporarily closes over disagreements between Democrats and Republicans over the federal budget. 1999 - Leonid Kuchma is re-elected President of Ukraine. 2001 - War in Afghanistan: The Northern Alliance takes over Kabul. 2003 – One of the Solar System's most distant objects, 90377 Sedna, is discovered. 2010 – Sebastian Vettel becomes, to date, the youngest Formula One World Champion. 2012 - Israel launches a major military operation in the Gaza Strip, as hostilities with Hamas get worse. 2015 - A French TGV train crashes into a river in the Alsace region of France, killing 10 people. There is no link to the previous night's attacks in Paris. Births Up to 1900 1567 - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (d. 1625) 1601 - Jean Eudes, French missionary (d. 1680) 1650 – William III, King of England, Ireland and Scotland (d. 1702) 1663 - Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German musician and composer (d. 1712) 1668 - Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt, Baroque architect (d. 1745) 1719 – Leopold Mozart, Austrian composer, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (d. 1787) 1723 - Johann Ludwig Aberli, Swiss painter (d. 1786) 1740 - Johann van Beethoven, father and first teacher of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1792) 1746 - Giulio Gabrielli the Younger, Italian cardinal (d. 1822) 1765 – Robert Fulton, American inventor (d. 1815) 1771 - Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and physiologist (d. 1802) 1775 - Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1833) 1776 - Henri Dutrochet, French physiologist (d. 1847) 1777 - Nathaniel Claiborne, American politician (d. 1859) 1778 – Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer (d. 1837) 1779 - Adam Oehlenschlager, Danish poet and playwright (d. 1850) 1797 - Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist and lawyer (d. 1875) 1805 - Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer and pianist (d. 1847) 1807 - Auguste Laurent, French chemist (d. 1853) 1812 - Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet (d. 1878) 1812 - Maria Christina of Savoy (d. 1836) 1828 - James P. McPherson, American general (d. 1864) 1832 - Henry Strangways, English-Australian politician (d. 1920) 1840 – Claude Monet, French painter (d. 1926) 1863 - Leo Baekeland, Flemish chemist and inventor of Bakelite (d. 1944) 1877 - Norman Brookes, Australian tennis player (d. 1968) 1878 - Julie Manet, French painter (d. 1966) 1878 - Leopold Staff, Polish poet (d. 1957) 1883 - Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942) 1889 – Jawaharlal Nehru, 1st Prime Minister of India (d. 1964) 1891 – Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941) 1891 - Ted Meredith, American athlete (d. 1957) 1893 - Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italian writer (d. 1973) 1895 - Louise Huff, American actress (d. 1973) 1896 – Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (d. 1979) 1898 - Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-French poet, critic and philosopher (d. 1944) 1900 – Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990) 1901 1950 1904 - Dick Powell, American actor and director (d. 1963) 1906 – Louise Brooks, American actress (d. 1985) 1907 – Astrid Lindgren, Swedish writer (d. 2002) 1907 - William Steig, American writer (d. 2003) 1907 - Howard W. Hunter, American Mormon leader (d. 1995) 1908 – Joseph McCarthy, American politician (d. 1957) 1910 - Eric Malpass, British author (d. 1996) 1913 - George Smathers, American politician (d. 2007) 1916 - Roger Apéry, French mathematician (d. 1994) 1916 - Sherwood Schwartz, American television writer and producer (d. 2011) 1917 – Pak Chŏng Hŭi, President of The Republic of Korea (d. 1979) 1919 - Johnny Desmond, American singer (d. 1985) 1919 - Rudolf Kreitlein, German football referee (d. 2012) 1922 - Veronica Lake, American actress (d. 1973) 1922 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egyptian UN Secretary-General (d. 2016) 1925 - Zhores Medvedev, Russian agronomist, biologist and dissident (d. 2018) 1926 - Bart Cummings, Australian racehorse trainer (d. 2015) 1927 - Narciso Yepes, Spanish classical guitarist (d. 1997) 1928 - Kathleen Hughes, American actress 1929 – McLean Stevenson, American actor (d. 1996) 1930 - Elisabeth Frink, English sculptor and printmaker (d. 1993) 1930 - Edward Higgins White, American astronaut, first American to perform a space walk (d. 1967) 1930 - Janis Pujats, Latvian cardinal 1932 - Gunter Sachs, German businessman and playboy (d. 2011) 1933 - Fred Haise, American astronaut 1934 - Dave Mackay, Scottish footballer (d. 2015) 1934 - Ellis Marsalis, Jr., American jazz pianist 1935 - King Hussein of Jordan (d. 1999) 1936 - Carey Bell, American blues musician (d. 2007) 1939 – Wendy Carlos, American composer 1939 - Ben Cayetano, 5th Governor of Hawaii 1942 - Natalia Gutman, Russian cellist 1943 - Peter Norton, American software programmer and author 1943 - Jim Cantalupo, CEO of McDonald's (d. 2004) 1944 - Björn Bjarnason, Icelandic politician 1945 - Stella Obasanjo, First Lady of Nigeria (d. 2005) 1947 - Buckwheat Zydeco, American musician (d. 2016) 1948 – Charles, Prince of Wales 1948 - Paul Dacre, British newspaper editor (Daily Mail) 1948 - Michael Dobbs, British novelist 1949 - Pierre Buyoya, former President of Burundi 1949 - James "J.Y." Young, American guitarist (Styx) 1951 1975 1951 - Zhang Yimou, Chinese director 1951 - Frankie Banali, American drummer and songwriter 1952 - Maggie Roswell, American actress 1952 - Bill Farmer, American voice actor 1953 – Dominique de Villepin, former Prime Minister of France 1954 – Condoleezza Rice, 66th United States Secretary of State 1954 - Yanni, Greek-American pianist, composer and producer 1955 - Jack Sikma, American basketball player 1955 – Matthias Herget, German footballer 1956 – Avi Cohen, Israeli footballer (d. 2010) 1956 - Alec John Such, American musician (Bon Jovi) 1956 - Babette Babich, American philosopher, author and scholar 1957 - Wolfgang Hoppe, German bobsledder 1959 - Paul Attanasio, American screenwriter and movie and TV producer 1959 – Paul McGann, English actor 1962 - Stefano Gabbana, Italian fashion designer 1964 - Patrick Warburton, American actor 1965 - Greg Hands, English politician 1966 - Charles Hazlewood, English conductor 1967 - Letitia Dean, English actress 1971 – Adam Gilchrist, Australian cricketer 1972 – Josh Duhamel, American actor 1972 - Edyta Górniak, Polish singer 1973 - Dana Snyder, American comedian, actor and producer 1975 - Travis Barker, American drummer, songwriter and producer 1975 - Faye Tozer, British singer (Steps) From 1976 1977 - Brian Dietzen, American actor 1978 - Delphine Chanéac, French model and actress 1979 - Carl Hayman, New Zealand rugby player 1979 - Moitheri Ntobo, Lesotho footballer 1979 - Olga Kurylenko, Ukrainian actress and model 1979 - Miguel Sabah, Mexican footballer 1979 - Jean-Alain Boumsong, French footballer 1980 - Carlos Cabezas, Spanish basketball player 1981 - Vanessa Bayer, American comedienne and actress 1981 - Russell Tovey, British actor 1982 - Laura Ramsey, American actress 1983 - Alejandro Falla, Colombian tennis player 1984 - Vincenzo Nibali, Italian cyclist 1984 - Lisa De Vanna, Australian footballer 1984 - Marija Serifovic, Serbian singer 1985 – Thomas Vermaelen, Belgian footballer 1986 - Yuna, Malaysian singer-songwriter and guitarist 1986 - Alo Jakin, Estonian cyclist 1986 - Cory Michael Smith, American actor 1989 - Jake Livermore, English footballer 1990 - Zoe van der Weel, British handball player 1991 - Taylor Hall, Canadian ice hockey player 1991 - Mohammed Abu, Ghanaian footballer Deaths Up to 1900 565 - Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (b. 483) 976 - Song Taizu, Chinese Emperor 1263 - Alexander Nevsky, Russian saint (b. 1220) 1282 - Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist reformer (b. 1222) 1305 - John II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1239) 1391 - Nikola Tavelic, Croatian missionary and saint (b. 1340) 1522 - Anne of France (b. 1461) 1687 – Nell Gwyn, British actress and royal mistress (b. 1650) 1691 - Tasa Mitsuoki, Japanese painter (b. 1617) 1716 – Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (b. 1646) 1746 - Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist, zoologist, physician and explorer (b. 1709) 1749 - Maruyama Gondazaemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1713) 1817 - Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian national heroine (b. 1795) 1825 - Jean Paul, German author (b. 1863) 1831 – Georg Hegel, German philosopher (b. 1770) 1831 - Ignaz Pleyel, Austrian-French composer and piano builder (b. 1757) 1832 - Charles Carroll of Carrollton, American politician (b. 1737) 1844 - John Abercrombie, Scottish physician (b. 1780) 1866 - King Manuel I of Portugal (b. 1802) 1901 2000 1908 - Guangxu Emperor of China (b. 1871) 1915 – Booker T. Washington, American inventor, educator, and writer (b. 1856) 1921 - Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (b. 1846) 1922 – Karl Michael Ziehrer, Austrian composer (b. 1843) 1944 - Trafford Leigh-Mallory, English air force officer (b. 1892) 1946 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (b. 1876) 1947 - Joseph Allard, Canadian fiddler and composer (b. 1873) 1972 - Martin Dies, Jr., American politician (b. 1900) 1977 – A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religion leader (b. 1896) 1985 – Wellington Koo, Chinese diplomat (b. 1887) 1989 - Jimmy Murphy, Manchester United assistant manager (b. 1910) 1991 - Tony Richardson, English director (b. 1928) 1992 – Ernst Happel, Austrian football manager (b. 1925) 2000 - Robert Trout, American journalist (b. 1908) From 2001 2001 - Juan Carlos Lorenzo, Argentine footballer (b. 1922) 2002 - Eddie Bracken, American actor (b. 1915) 2003 - Gene Anthony Ray, American actor (b. 1962) 2004 - Michel Colombier, French composer (b. 1939) 2011 - Neil Heywood, British businessman (b. 1970) 2012 - Ahmed Jabari, Palestinian military commander, Hamas (b. 1960) 2013 - Grace Jones, British supercentenarian (b. 1899) 2014 - Marius Barnard, South African surgeon (b. 1927) 2014 - Diem Brown, American television personality (b. 1982) 2014 - Jane Byrne, 50th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1934) 2014 - Adib Jatene, Brazilian cardiologist and politician (b. 1929) 2014 - Glen A. Larson, American television producer and writer (b. 1937) 2014 - Robert Littell, American politician (b. 1936) 2014 - Morteza Pashaei, Iranian singer (b. 1984) 2014 - Eugene Dynkin, Russian-American mathematician (b. 1924) 2015 - Warren Mitchell, British actor (b. 1926) 2015 - Nick Bockwinkel, American professional wrestler (b. 1934) 2016 - Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player (b. 1913) 2016 - Gwen Ifill, American broadcast journalist (b. 1955) 2017 - Shyama, Indian actress (b. 1935) 2017 - Jean-Pierre Schmitz, Luxembourgish cyclist (b. 1932) 2017 - Wolfgang Schreyer, German writer (b. 1927) 2017 - Gunnar Uldall, German politician (b. 1940) 2017 - Jack Blessing, American actor (b. 1951) 2017 - Hou Zongbin, Chinese politician (b. 1929) 2018 - Morten Grunwald, Danish actor and director (b. 1934) 2018 - James V. Hansen, American politician (b. 1932) 2018 - Rolf Hoppe, German actor (b. 1930) 2018 - Fernando del Paso, Mexican writer (b. 1935) 2019 - María Baxa, Italian-Serbian actress (b. 1946) 2019 - Branko Lustig, Croatian film producer (b. 1932) Observances World Diabetes Day (after the biergday of Frederick Banting) Children's Day (India) Day of the Colombian Woman Days of the year

10083

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2028

November 28

Events Up to 1900 587 - Treaty of Andelot: King Guntram of Burgundy recognizes Childebert II as his heir. 936 - Shi Singtang is enthroned as the first Emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty by Emperor Taizong of Liao in China. 1443 – Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja, Albania and raise Albania's flag. 1520 – Ferdinand Magellan sails through the Magellan Strait. 1582 – William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway marry. 1627 - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy has its greatest and last victory in the Battle of Oliwa. 1660 - At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Williams and Robert Moray, decide to found what later becomes the Royal Society. 1666 - At least 3,000 men of the Scottish Royal Army led by Tom Dalyell of the Binns defeat about 900 Covenanter rebels. 1814 - The Times of London is for the first time printed by automatic steam-powered presses built by the German inventors Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer, signaling the beginning of the availability of newspapers to a mass audience. 1821 – Panama unites with Greater Colombia, declaring independence from Spain. 1843 – The Kingdom of Hawaii is recognised as an independent state by the United Kingdom and France. 1862 - American Civil War: In the Battle of Cane Hill, Union troops under General James G. Blunt defeat General John Marmaduke's Confederates. 1885 - Bulgarian victory in the Serbo-Bulgarian War preserves the Unification of Bulgaria. 1893 - New Zealand becomes the first country in which women can vote in a general election. 1895 - The first American automobile race takes place over the 54 miles from Chicago's Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois. Frank Duryea wins in around 10 hours. 1901 2000 1905 – In Dublin, Arthur Griffith founds the Sinn Féin political party. 1907 - in Haverhill, Massachusetts, scrap metal dealer Louis B. Mayer opens his first movie theater. 1909 - Sergei Rachmaninoff makes the first performance of his Piano Concerto No. 3. 1912 – Albania declares independence from the Ottoman Empire. 1914 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading. 1917 - The Estonian Provincial Assembly declares itself the sovereign power of Estonia. 1918 - Bukovina votes for a Union with the Kingdom of Romania. 1919 – Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor becomes the United Kingdom's first female Member of Parliament. 1925 - The Grand Ole Opry begins broadcasting in Nashville, Tennessee. 1942 - In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Coconaut Grove nightclub killing 491 people. 1943 – World War II: The Allied Conference in Tehran takes place. 1958 – Chad, the Republic of the Congo and Gabon become autonomous Republics within the French community. 1960 – Mauritania becomes independent from France. 1964 – NASA launches the Mariner 4 probe towards Mars. 1966 - Michel Micombero overthrows the monarchy of Burundi and makes himself the country's first President. 1971 - Prime Minister of Jordan Wasfi al-Tal is assassinated by the Black September unit of the Palestinian Liberation Organization. 1975 – East Timor declares independence from Portugal. 1979 – A plane crash on Mount Erebus in Antarctica kills 257 people. 1980 - Iran-Iraq War: Operation Morvarid - The bulk of Iraq's Navy is destroyed by Iran in the Persian Gulf. 1987 – A South African Airways plane crashes into the Indian Ocean near Mauritius, killing all 160 people on board. 1989 – Czechoslovakia's Communist Party announces that it will give up its hold on power. 1990 – Margaret Thatcher officially resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and is replaced by John Major. 1994 – Voters in Norway reject EU membership in a referendum. From 2001 2002 – Suicide bombers blow up an Israeli-owned hotel in Mombasa, Kenya. 2004 – A mine explosion in Shaanxi province, China, kills 166 people. 2010 – WikiLeaks releases 200,000 diplomatic cables, including 100,000 marked as secret or confidential. 2014 - A terrorist attack on the main mosque in Kano, Northern Nigeria, kills dozens of people. 2016 - LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 crashes near Medellin, Colombia, killing 76 people (leaving 5 survivors), including many members of Brazilian football club Chapecoense. Births Up to 1900 1118 - Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1180) 1489 – Margaret Tudor, wife of James IV of Scotland (d. 1541) 1598 - Hans Nansen, Danish politician (d. 1667) 1628 – John Bunyan, English cleric and writer (d. 1688) 1632 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, French composer (d. 1687) 1640 - Willem de Vlamingh, Flemish captain (d. 1698) 1660 - Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (d. 1690) 1681 - Jean Cavalier, French rebel leader (d. 1740) 1700 - Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, consort of King Christian VI of Denmark (d. 1770) 1757 – William Blake, English poet (d. 1827) 1772 – Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann, German philologist (d. 1848) 1785 – Victor de Broglie, Prime Minister of France (d. 1870) 1792 - Victor Cousin, French philosopher (d. 1867) 1793 - Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, Swedish poet (d. 1866) 1811 – King Maximilian II of Bavaria (d. 1864) 1820 – Friedrich Engels, German thinker who wrote about Communism with Karl Marx (d. 1895) 1829 – Anton Rubinstein, Russian composer (d. 1894) 1837 - John Wesley Hyatt, American inventor (d. 1920) 1851 - Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, British politician and statesman, 9th Governor General of Canada (d. 1917) 1853 - Helen Magill White, American educator (d. 1944) 1856 - Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (d. 1942) 1857 – King Alfonso XII of Spain (d. 1885) 1864 - Lindley Miller Garrison, American lawyer and politician (d. 1932) 1866 - Henry Bacon, American architect (d. 1924) 1880 – Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. 1921) 1881 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (d. 1942) 1887 – Ernst Röhm, German Nazi official (d. 1934) 1895 – José Iturbi, Spanish pianist (d. 1980) 1896 - Lilia Skala, Austrian-American actress (d. 1994) 1901 1950 1901 - Oscar Diego Gestido, 32nd President of Uruguay (d. 1967) 1901 - Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma (d. 1960) 1904 - James Eastland, American politician (d. 1986) 1904 - Nancy Mitford, English author (d. 1973) 1907 – Alberto Moravia, Italian writer (d. 1990) 1908 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist (d. 2009) 1910 - Elsie Quarterman, American economist (d. 2014) 1915 - Konstantin Simonov, Russian poet (d. 1979) 1916 - Lilian, Princess of Rethy, British-born Queen Consort of Belgium (d. 2002) 1916 - Ramon Jose Velasquez, former acting President of Venezuela (d. 2014) 1923 - Gloria Grahame, American actress (d. 1985) 1923 - James Karen, American actor (d. 2018) 1925 – Jozsef Bozsik, Hungarian footballer (d. 1978) 1926 - Bernard Kops, English dramatist and poet 1927 - Abdul Halim of Kedah, Sultan of Kedah and Head of State of Malaysia (d. 2017) 1927 - Chuck Mitchell, American actor (d. 1992) 1929 – Berry Gordy, American record company owner 1929 - Thomas Remengesau Sr., Palauan politician, President of Palau (d. 2019) 1931 – Tomi Ungerer, French cartoonist (d. 2019) 1932 - Gato Barbieri, Argentine jazz musician and movie score composer (d. 2016) 1933 - Hope Lange, American actress (d. 2003) 1935 – Prince Hitachi, Japanese royalty 1936 - Carol Gilligan, American feminist and psychologist 1936 - Gary Hart, American politician and author 1936 - Celin Romero, Spanish guitarist 1940 - Bruce Channel, American singer-songwriter 1941 - Laura Antonelli, Italian actress (d. 2015) 1942 - Manolo Blahnik, Spanish shoe designer 1943 – Randy Newman, American musician 1943 - Manlio Rocchetti, Italian make-up artist (d. 2017) 1943 - Tuulikki Ukkola, Finnish journalist and politician (d. 2019) 1944 – Rita Mae Brown, American writer and activist 1945 - Franklin Drilon, Filipino politician 1946 - Joe Dante, American film director 1947 - Michel Berger, French singer-songwriter (d. 1992) 1947 - Maria Farantouri, Greek singer and politician 1948 – Agnieszka Holland, Polish director and script writer 1949 – Alexander Godunov, Russian ballet dancer (d. 1995) 1949 - Paul Shaffer, Canadian-American musician, actor, comedian and composer 1950 – Ed Harris, American actor 1950 – Russell Alan Hulse, American physicist 1950 - George Yonashiro, Japanese footballer 1951 1975 1951 - Barbara Morgan, American actor and journalist 1952 - Pat Cox, Irish politician 1953 – Alistair Darling, British politician 1953 – Pamela Hayden, American actress 1953 - Michael Chertoff, American politician 1953 - Nadezhda Olizarenko, Soviet-Ukrainian athlete (d. 2017) 1953 - Ewald Lienen, German footballer and coach 1955 – Alessandro Altobelli, Italian footballer 1956 - Fiona Armstrong, British journalist and author 1958 – Kriss Akabusi, British athlete 1958 - Shaun Prendergast, English actor and writer 1959 - Nancy Charest, Canadian politician (d. 2014) 1959 - Judd Nelson, American actor 1960 – John Galliano, British fashion designer 1961 – Martin Clunes, British actor 1961 - Alfonso Cuarón, Mexican director, screenwriter and producer 1962 – Jon Stewart, American comedian and television host 1962 - Paul Dinello, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1962 - Jane Sibbett, American actress 1963 - Charles Dale, Welsh actor 1963 - Armando Iannucci, Scottish comedian, director and producer 1964 - Michael Bennet, American politician 1964 - Roy Tarpley, American basketball player (d. 2015) 1964 - Sian Williams, British journalist 1967 - José del Solar, Peruvian footballer 1967 – Anna Nicole Smith, American actress and model (d. 2007) 1968 - Astrid Williamson, Scottish musician, composer and songwriter 1970 - Richard Osman, English television presenter 1970 - Edouard Philippe, French politician, Prime Minister of France 1971 - Fenriz, Norwegian singer-songwriter 1972 – Paulo Figueiredo, Angolan footballer 1972 - Hiroshi Nanami, Japanese footballer 1972 - Anastasia Kelesidou, Greek discus thrower 1973 - Jade Puget, American guitarist and producer 1974 – Apl.de.ap, Filipino-American musician (Black Eyed Peas) 1975 – Takashi Shimoda, Japanese footballer 1975 - Park Sung-Bae, South Korean footballer 1975 - Sigurd Wongraven, Norwegian singer-songwriter, musician and producer From 1976 1977 - Greg Somerville, New Zealand rugby player 1977 – Fabio Grosso, Italian footballer 1977 – Gavin Rae, Scottish footballer 1978 – Mehdi Nafti, Tunisian footballer 1979 – Chamillionaire, American rapper 1979 - Daniel Henney, American actor and model 1980 - Lisa Middelhauve, German singer-songwriter 1982 - Leandro Barbosa, Brazilian basketball player 1983 – Nelson Haedo Valdez, Paraguayan footballer 1983 - Summer Rae, American football player, wrestler and actress 1984 – Andrew Bogut, Australian basketball player 1984 – Mary Elizabeth Winstead, American actress 1984 - Trey Songz, American singer-songwriter, producer and actor 1985 – Caitlin McClatchey, Scottish swimmer 1985 – Alvaro Pereira, Uruguayan footballer 1985 - Landry N'Guémo, Cameroonian footballer 1987 – Karen Gillan, Scottish actress and director 1987 - Craig Kieswetter, English cricketer 1988 - Hiroki Fujiharu, Japanese footballer 1988 - Scarlett Pomers, American actress and singer-songwriter 1988 - Daniel Matsunaga, Brazilian-Japanese actor and model 1989 - Laura Brock, Australian footballer 1990 - Dedryck Boyata, Belgian footballer 1990 - Bradley Smith, British motorcycle racer 1991 - Scott Allan, Scottish footballer 1992 - Adam Wicks, American actor, rapper, singer and songwriter Deaths Up to 1900 711 - Pope Gregory III 1170 – Owain Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd (b. 1100) 1290 – Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Edward I of England (b. 1241) 1680 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor (b. 1598) 1680 – Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1606) 1694 – Matsuo Basho, Japanese poet (b. 1644) 1695 - Giovanni Paolo Colonna, Italian composer (b. 1637) 1698 - Louis de Buade de Frontenac, French soldier (b. 1622) 1763 - Naungdawgyi, King of Burma (b. 1734) 1785 - William Whipple, American politician (b. 1730) 1794 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian-American general (b. 1730) 1845 - Patriarch Meletius III of Constantinople (b. 1772) 1859 – Washington Irving, American writer (b. 1783) 1870 – Frédéric Bazille, French painter (b. 1841) 1890 - Jyotirao Phule, Indian philosopher and activist (b. 1827) 1901 2000 1915 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1896) 1921 – 'Abdu'l Baha, Persian religious leader (b. 1844) 1927 - John W. Griggs, Governor of New Jersey and United States Attorney General (b. 1849) 1930 - Patriarch Constantine VI of Constantinople (b. 1859) 1939 – James Naismith, Canadian inventor of basketball (b. 1861) 1945 - Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player and politician (b. 1879) 1954 – Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist (b. 1901) 1960 - Tsunenohana Kan'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1896) 1962 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (b. 1880) 1963 - Karyn Kupcinet, American actress (b. 1941) 1968 – Enid Blyton, English writer (b. 1897) 1971 - Wasfi al-Tal, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1920) 1973 – Marthe Bibesco, Romanian writer (b. 1886) 1976 - Rosalind Russell, American actress (b. 1907) 1982 - Helen of Greece and Denmark, Queen Consort of Romania (b. 1896) 1992 – Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (b. 1917) 1993 – Jerry Edmonton, Canadian drummer (Steppenwolf) (b. 1946) 1993 - Garry Moore, American comedian and game show host (b. 1915) 1994 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (b. 1960) 1997 - Georges Marchal, French actor (b. 1920) From 2001 2003 - Antonia Forest, English author (b. 1915) 2007 – Elly Beinhorn, German pilot (b. 1907) 2007 – Gudrun Wagner, German festival co-organiser (b. 1944) 2010 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian-American actor (b. 1926) 2011 – Ante Markovic, Croatian politician and former Yugoslavian Prime Minister (b. 1924) 2011 - Charles T. Kowal, American astronomer (b. 1940) 2012 - Don Rhymer, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1961) 2012 - Zig Ziglar, American writer, salesman and motivational speaker (b. 1926) 2013 - Mitja Ribicic, Slovenian politician and former Yugoslavian Prime Minister (b. 1919) 2014 - Chespirito, Mexican actor, director and writer (b. 1929) 2014 - Said Akl, Lebanese writer (b. 1912) 2014 - Lucidio Sentimenti, Italian footballer (b. 1920) 2015 - Luc Bondy, Swiss theatre and opera director (b. 1948) 2015 - Gerry Byrne, English footballer (b. 1938) 2015 - Olene S. Walker, American politician, Governor of Utah (b. 1930) 2015 - Yoka Berretty, Dutch actress (b. 1928) 2015 - Jean Joubert, French author (b. 1928) 2015 - Tomasz Tomczykiewicz, Polish politician (b. 1961) 2016 - Mark Taimanov, Russian chess player (b. 1926) 2017 - Patrícia Gabancho, Argentine-Spanish writer (b. 1952) 2017 - Shadia, Egyptian actress (b. 1931) 2018 - Richard Fulton, American politician (b. 1927) 2018 - Robert Morris, American sculptor (b. 1931) 2018 - Harry Leslie Smith, British writer and political commentator (b. 1923) 2019 - Marion McClinton, American theatre director and playwright (b. 1954) 2019 - Pim Verbeek, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1956) Observances Independence Day (Albania, 1912 declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire) Independence Day (Mauritania, independence from France in 1960) Republic Day (Burundi, Chad) Declaration of Independence (East Timor) Navy Day (Iran) Ascension of 'Abdu'l Baha (Baha'i faith) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2025

November 25

Events Up to 1900 571 BC - Servius Tullius, King of Rome, celebrates his victory over the Etruscans. 1120 - The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning over 300 people, including William Adelin, son and heir to King Henry I of England. 1177 - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeats Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. 1343 - An earthquake and tsunami damage the area around Naples. 1487 - Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England. 1491 - The Siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, begins. 1610 - Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc discovers the Orion Nebula. 1667 – A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha, in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people. 1703 - The Great Storm of 1703 across southern Great Britain reaches its height. 1758 – French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. 1758 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is founded. 1759 - Beirut and Damascus are destroyed by an earthquake, killing between 30,000 and 40,000 people. 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The last British troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris. 1795 - Stanislaus August Poniatowski, the last King of independent Poland, is forced to abdicate and is exiled to Russia. 1833 - A massive undersea earthquake affects Sumatra. 1839 – A cyclone slams India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying the port city of Coringa (never to be entirely rebuilt again). The storm wave sweeps inland, taking with it 20,000 ships and thousands of people. An estimated 300,000 deaths result from the disaster. 1863 – American Civil War: Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant defeat Confederate forces under Braxton Bragg in the Battle of Chattanooga. The Union therefore take control of Tennessee. 1867 – Alfred Nobel patents dynamite. 1885 – The Banff National Park in Alberta becomes the first National Park in Canada. 1901 1950 1905 – Prince Carl of Denmark arrives in Norway to become King Haakon VII. 1915 - The Ku Klux Klan is re-founded in Stone Mountain, Georgia, United States. 1926 - A November tornado outbreak strikes the Midwestern United States, killing 76 people, including 51 in Arkansas alone. 1941 - HMS Barham is sunk by a German torpedo during World War II. 1943 – Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina was re-established at the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia. 1944 – World War II: US forces defeat Japanese forces in the Battle of Peleliu, in Palau, in the western Pacific Ocean. 1947 – New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom. 1947 - Red Scare: Hollywood Ten - Hollywood Movie Studios make a blacklist of alleged Communists. 1950 – The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War, sending thousands of troops across the Yalu river border to fight United Nations forces. 1951 2000 1953 – For the first time, the England national football team loses against a team from Continental Europe; the Hungary national football team, by 6-3 at Wembley Stadium. 1958 - French Sudan gains autonomy. 1960 - The Mirabal sisters are murdered in the Dominican Republic. 1963 – President John F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. 1970 - In Japan, Yukio Mishima and one compatriot (someone from the same country) commit ritualistic suicide after an unsuccessful coup attempt. 1973 - In Greece, Georgios Papadopoulos is overthrown in a coup led by Dimitrios Ioannidis. 1975 – Suriname gains independence from the Netherlands. 1975 – The dictators of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay form Operation Condor, which aims to track down and kill anyone who expresses left-wing opinions. 1980 - Saye Zerbo, in Burkina Faso, overthrows President Sangoule Lamizana, in a coup. 1984 – 36 top musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio and record Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas" in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. 1986 - The Iran Contra Affair begins as United States Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from secret weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to anti-Communist rebels in Nicaragua. 1986 - The King Fahd Causeway opens, linking Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. 1987 – Typhoon Nina pummels the Philippines with category 5 winds of 165 mph and a surge that swallows entire villages. at least 1,036 deaths caused by the storm. 1992 – The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia from January 1, 1993. 1996 - An ice storm affects the central United States, killing 26 people. 1999 - The UN creates the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 2000 - The 2000 Baku earthquake, at magnitude 7, kills 26 people. From 2001 2002 – Reported assassination attempt on Turkmen president Saparmurat Niyazov. 2008 - Cyclone Nisha strikes northern Sri Lanka, killing 15 people. 2008 – 'Yellow Shirt' anti-government demonstrators begin a week-long blockade of Bangkok Airport, forcing the Thai Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat to resign. 2009 – Torrential rain in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, causes major flooding, killing 100 people, many of them pilgrims participating in the Hajj Pilgrimage. 2012 - A fire at a clothing factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh, kills over 100 people. 2012 - Sebastian Vettel wins the Formula One World Championship for the third year in a row, becoming the youngest driver to win three Formula One World Championships. 2014 - Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes is hit on the neck by a ball during a match. He dies two days later. 2016 - Former President of Cuba Fidel Castro dies aged 90. Births Up to 1900 1454 - Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1510) 1501 - Yi Hwang, Korean Confucian scholar (d. 1570) 1562 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (d. 1635) 1577 – Piet Hein, Dutch naval commander (d. 1629) 1609 – Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV of France, Wife of King Charles I of England (d. 1669) 1638 – Catherine of Braganza, Queen-Consort of England and Scotland (d. 1705) 1666 - Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri, Italian violin maker (d. 1740) 1714 - Yoriyuki Arima, Japanese mathematician (d. 1783) 1752 - Johann Friedrich Reichhardt, German composer, writer and music critic (d. 1814) 1758 - John Armstrong, Jr., American politician (d. 1843) 1778 - Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British writer (d. 1856) 1787 - Franz Xaver Gruber, Austrian composer (d. 1863) 1809 - Adolph E. Borie, American politician (d. 1880) 1810 - Nikolay Pirogov, Russian surgeon and educator (d. 1881) 1817 - John Bigelow, American statesman and writer (d. 1911) 1835 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born American businessman (d. 1919) 1844 – Karl Benz, German inventor (d. 1929) 1845 – José María de Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (d. 1900) 1846 – Carrie Nation, American temperance activist (d. 1911) 1856 - Sergei Taneyev, Russian composer (d. 1915) 1861 - Spyridon Samaras, Greek composer (d. 1917) 1865 - Gustaf Söderström, Swedish tug of war competitor, shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1958) 1868 - Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (d. 1937) 1870 - Winthrop Ames, American director, playwright and producer (d. 1937) 1872 - Robert Maysack, American gymnast (d. 1960) 1873 - Myers Y. Cooper, Governor of Ohio (d. 1958) 1874 - Joe Gans, American boxer (d. 1910) 1876 - Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Grand Duchess of Hesse (d. 1936) 1879 - August Kirch, German politician (d. 1959) 1880 - John Flynn, Australian minister (d. 1951) 1881 – Pope John XXIII (d. 1963) 1887 - Nikolai Vavilov, Russian botanist and geneticist (d. 1943) 1891 - Onishiki Uichiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1941) 1895 – Ludovik Svoboda, Czech statesman (d. 1979) 1895 – Anastas Mikoyan, Soviet politician (d. 1978) 1896 - Benjamin Travis Laney, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1977) 1896 - Virgil Thomson, American composer (d. 1989) 1898 - Debaki Bose, Indian actor, director and writer (d. 1971) 1900 - Jimmy Dunn, Scottish footballer (d. 1963) 1900 - Rudolf Höss, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1945) 1901 1950 1902 - Eddie Shore, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1985) 1904 – Ba Jin, Chinese writer (d. 2005) 1904 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (d. 1964) 1907 - John Stuart Hindmarsh, English racing driver (d. 1938) 1914 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999) 1915 - Chung Ju-young, Korean entrepreneur and founder of Hyundai (d. 2001) 1915 – Augusto Pinochet, Chilean general and dictator (d. 2006) 1915 - Armando Villanueva, Prime Minister of Peru (d. 2013) 1916 - Peg Lynch, American writer and actress (d. 2015) 1917 – Luigi Poggi, Italian cardinal (d. 2009) 1919 - Norman Tokar, American director (d. 1979) 1920 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (d. 2000) 1920 – Ricardo Montalban, Mexican actor (d. 2009) 1920 - Noel Neill, American actress (d. 2016) 1923 – Mauno Koivisto, 9th President of Finland (d. 2017) 1924 - Ante Markovic, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2011) 1924 - Paul Desmond, American jazz musician (d. 1977) 1926 - Poul Anderson, American writer (d. 2001) 1930 - Clarke Scholes, American swimmer (d. 2010) 1931 - Nat Adderley, American jazz musician (d. 2000) 1931 - Hollis L. Harris, American airline executive (d. 2016) 1933 - Kathryn Crosby, American actress and singer 1935 - Robert Berner, American scientist (d. 2015) 1936 - William McIlvanney, Scottish writer (d. 2015) 1938 - Rosanna Schiaffino, Italian actress (d. 2009) 1939 - Martin Feldman, American economist 1940 - Reinhard Furrer, Austrian-German physicist and astronaut (d. 1995) 1940 - Joe Gibbs, American NFL coach and NASCAR team owner 1940 - Karl Offmann, 3rd President of Mauritius 1940 - Shyamal Kumar, Indian politician, 21st Governor of West Bengal 1941 - Percy Sledge, American singer (d. 2015) 1941 – Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Pakistani writer and spiritual leader (d. 2001) 1941 – Philippe Honoré, French cartoonist (d. 2015) 1944 - Paul Copley, British actor 1944 - Maarten 't Hart, Dutch writer 1944 – Ben Stein, American actor 1944 - Michael Kijana Wamalwa, 8th Vice President of Kenya (d. 2003) 1947 - Jonathan Kaplan, American movie maker 1947 - John Larroquette, American actor 1948 - Jacques Dupuis, Canadian politician, 14th Deputy Premier of Quebec 1950 - Jocelyn Brown, American singer 1950 - Gabriele Oriali, Italian footballer 1950 - Giorgio Faletti, Italian author, screenwriter and actor (d. 2014) 1951 1975 1951 – Arturo Pérez-Reverte, Spanish writer 1951 - Alan Rough, Scottish footballer 1952 – Imran Khan, Pakistani cricketer and politician, Prime minister of Pakistan 1952 – John Lynch, 80th Governor of New Hampshire 1953 - Graham Eadie, Australian rugby player 1953 - Jeffrey Skilling, American businessman and fraudster 1955 - Bruno Tonioli, Italian choreographer 1957 – Bob Ehrlich, 60th Governor of Maryland 1957 – Monte Melkonian, Armenian military leader (d. 1993) 1959 - Jim Bett, Scottish footballer 1959 - Steve Rothery, English guitarist 1959 – Charles Kennedy, Scottish politician, former leader of the British Liberal Democrats (d. 2015) 1960 – John F. Kennedy Jr., son of John F. Kennedy (d. 1999) 1960 – Amy Grant, American singer 1962 - Hironobu Sakaguchi, Japanese video game designer 1962 - Blythe Duff, Scottish actress 1963 - Chip Kelly, American football coach 1964 - Bert van Vlaanderen, Dutch long-distance runner 1965 - Dougray Scott, Scottish actor 1966 - Tim Armstrong, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1966 - Billy Burke, American actor 1967 - Kazuya Nakai, Japanese voice actor 1967 – Anthony Nesty, Surinamese swimmer 1968 - Jacqueline Hennessy, Canadian actress and journalist 1968 - Galin Nikov, Bulgarian pole vaulter 1970 – Eluana Englaro, Italian patient in right-to-die case (d. 2009) 1971 - Magnus Arvedson, Swedish ice hockey player 1971 – Christina Applegate, American actress 1971 - Dominic Cummings, English political strategist and advisor 1972 - Deepa Marathe, Indian cricketer 1972 - Mark Morton, American guitarist and songwriter 1973 - Steven de Jongh, Dutch cyclist 1973 - Eddie Steeples, American actor From 1976 1976 - Clint Mathis, American soccer player 1976 - Olena Vitrychenko, Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast 1978 – Ringo Shiina, Japanese singer 1979 - Sandrine Bailly, French biathlete 1979 - Brooke Haven, American pornographic actress 1980 – Aaron Mokoena, South African footballer 1980 - John-Michael Liles, American ice hockey player 1981 - Lee Bum-Ho, South Korean baseball player 1981 – Xabi Alonso, Spanish footballer 1981 – Barbara Bush and Jenna Bush Hager, daughters of George W. Bush and Laura Bush 1981 - Jared Jeffries, American basketball player 1983 - Kirsty Crawford, Scottish singer-songwriter and actress 1983 - Jhulen Goswami, Indian cricketer 1984 - Peter Siddle, Australian cricketer 1984 - Gaspard Ulliel, French actor 1985 – Marcus Hellner, Swedish skier 1986 – Katie Cassidy, American actress and singer 1986 - Amber Hagerman, American murder victim (d. 1996) 1986 - Craig Gardner, English footballer 1987 – Dolla, American rapper (d. 2009) 1988 – Nodar Kumaritashvili, Georgian luger (d. 2010) 1988 – Jay Spearing, English footballer 1989 – Tom Dice, Belgian singer and songwriter 1990 - Eilish McColgan, Scottish athlete 1991 - Luca Tremolada, Italian footballer 1991 - Kevin Woo, American-South Korean singer 1991 - Jamie Grace, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and actress Deaths Up to 1900 311 - Pope Peter III of Alexandria 1034 – King Malcolm II of Scotland (b. 980) 1120 - William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England 1185 – Pope Lucius III (b. 1097) 1326 - Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shogun (b. 1294) 1374 - Philip II, Prince of Taranto (b. 1329) 1560 – Andrea Doria, Italian naval leader (b. 1466) 1700 - Stephanus Van Cortlandt, American politician (b. 1643) 1766 - Johann Maria Farina, Italian perfumer and entrepreneur (b. 1685) 1865 – Heinrich Barth, German explorer (b. 1821) 1884 - Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818) 1885 – King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857) 1885 – Thomas A. Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (b. 1819) 1901 2000 1909 - Edward P. Allen, American politician (b. 1839) 1911 - Paul Lafargue, French journalist, literary critic and activist (b. 1842) 1920 – Gaston Chevrolet, French-American racing driver (b. 1892) 1925 – Vajiravudh, King of Thailand (b. 1881) 1935 - Iyasu V, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1897) 1941 - Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President of Chile (b. 1879) 1944 – Kunio Nakagawa, Japanese military commander (b. 1898) 1944 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American baseball commissioner (b. 1866) 1948 - Kanbun Uechi, Japanese karate master (b. 1877) 1950 – Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer (b. 1873) 1956 - Alexander Dovzhenko, Soviet movie director (b. 1894) 1957 – Prince George of Greece and Denmark (b. 1869) 1960 - Mirabal sisters: Patria Mirabal, Dominican activist (b. 1924) Minerva Mirabal, Dominican activist (b. 1926) Maria Teresa Mirabal, Dominican activist (b. 1935) 1963 - Alexander Marinesko, Russian navy officer (b. 1913) 1965 – Myra Hess, British pianist (b. 1890) 1968 – Upton Sinclair, American journalist, politician, and writer (b. 1878) 1970 – Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (b. 1925) 1972 - Hans Scharoun, German architect (b. 1893) 1974 - Nick Drake, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1948) 1974 – U Thant, Burmese UN Secretary-General (b. 1909) 1977 - Manouchehr Eghbal, 65th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1909) 1981 - Jack Albertson, American actor, singer, comedian, musician, and dancer (b. 1907) 1984 - Yashwantrao Chavan, Indian statesman (b. 1913) 1987 - Harold Washington, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1922) 1990 - Merab Mamardashvili, Georgian philosopher (b. 1930) 1996 – Hastings Banda, President of Malawi (b. c. 1907) 1998 – Nelson Goodman, American philosopher (b. 1906) From 2001 2001 – Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Pakistani writer and spiritual leader (b. 1941) 2002 - Karel Reisz, Czech-British director (b. 1926) 2005 – George Best, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1946) 2005 – Richard Burns, English rally driver (b. 1971) 2007 – Kevin DuBrow, American rock music singer (b. 1955) 2011 - Vasily Alekseyev, Russian weightlifter (b. 1942) 2012 - Lars Hörmander, Swedish mathematician (b. 1931) 2012 - Dave Sexton, English footballer and coach (b. 1930) 2013 - Bill Foulkes, English footballer (b. 1932) 2013 - Chico Hamilton, American drummer and bandleader (b. 1921) 2014 - Denham Harman, American scientist (b. 1916) 2014 - Petr Hapka, Czech composer (b. 1944) 2015 - Lennart Hellsing, Swedish author and translator (b. 1919) 2015 - Elmo Williams, American editor, producer, director and executive (b. 1913) 2016 - David Hamilton, English photographer (b. 1933) 2016 - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (b. 1926) 2017 - Bertha Calloway, American civil rights activist and historian (b. 1925) 2017 - Sotir Ferrara, Italian-Albanian church leader (b. 1937) 2017 - Rosario Green, Mexican economist and politician (b. 1941) 2017 - Rance Howard, American actor (b. 1928) 2017 - Anna Kuzmina, Russian actress (b. 1933) 2017 - Julio Oscar Mechoso, American actor (b. 1955) 2017 - Harry Pregerson, American federal judge (b. 1923) 2018 - Randolph L. Braham, Romanian-born American historian, political scientist and Holocaust survivor (b. 1922) 2018 - Giuliana Calandra, Italian actress (b. 1936) 2018 - Viktor Kanevskyi, Ukrainian footballer and coach (b. 1936) 2018 - Wright King, American actor (b. 1923) 2018 - C. K. Jaffer Sharief, Indian politician (b. 1933) 2019 - Frank Biondi, American film and television executive (b. 1945) 2019 - George Clements, American Roman Catholic priest and civil rights activist (b. 1932) 2019 - János Horváth, Hungarian economist and politician (b. 1925) 2019 - Nobuaki Kobayashi, Japanese billiards player (b. 1942) 2019 - Jimmy Schulz, German businessman and politician (b. 1968) 2020 - Diego Maradona, Argentine football player (b. 1960) Holidays and observances Bosnia and Herzegovina - National Day (1943) Suriname – Independence Day (from the Netherlands, 1975) Indonesia - Teachers' Day Thailand - Vajiravudh Memorial Day New York - Evacuation Day Christian feast day: Saint Catherine of Alexandria International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women Days of the year

10085

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2021

November 21

Events Up to 1900 235 - Antenus succeeds Pontian as Pope. 1386 - Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital city of Tbilisi. 1620 – The Pilgrim Fathers sign the Mayflower Compact near Cape Cod. 1694 – French philosopher Voltaire is born. 1710 - The Fourth Russo-Turkish War begins. 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers make the first hot-air balloon flight. 1789 – North Carolina becomes the 12th State of the US. 1861 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin as Secretary of War. 1877 - Thomas Edison announces that he has invented the phonograph. 1894 - First Sino-Japanese War: Port Arthur, Manchuria, falls to the Japanese. 1901 2000 1905 - Albert Einstein's paper Does the Inertia of a Body depend on Its Energy Content ? is published in the journal Annalen der Physik. 1916 – A mine explodes and sinks the British hospital ship HMHS Britannic in the Aegean Sea, killing 30 people. 1916 - Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria dies aged 86. His nephew, Charles I of Austria, becomes the last Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1918 – The Flag of Estonia is formally adopted. 1920 - Irish War of Independence: In Dublin, 31 people are killed in what becomes known as "Bloody Sunday". They are 14 British informants, 14 Irish civilians and 3 Irish Republican Army prisoners. 1922 - Rebecca Latimer Felton becomes the first female United States Senator, though she has to leave office a day later. She is also the oldest US Senator to take office (at age 87), the shortest-serving US Senator ever, and the last US Senator to have owned slaves. 1942 - The completion of the Alaska Highway is celebrated. 1945 - The United Auto Workers strike at 92 General Motors plants in 50 cities to back up worker demands for a 30% pay rise. 1950 - Two Canadian National Railway trains collide in Northeastern British Columbia, killing 21 people. 1953 – The British History Museum announces that the Piltdown Man skull is a hoax. 1962 - The Chinese People's Liberation Army declares a unilateral ceasfire in the Sino-Indian War. 1963 - John F. Kennedy arrives in Dallas, Texas, a day before his assassination in the city. 1964 – The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is opened to traffic over the Hudson River. 1969 – President of the United States Richard Nixon and Prime Minister of Japan Eisaku Sato agree to the return of Okinawa to Japan in 1972. The United States keeps its right to have military bases on the island, as long as they are nuclear-free. 1972 - South Korean voters support a new constitution 1974 – In the United Kingdom, the Birmingham Pub Bombings kill 21 people. 1979 - The United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, is attacked by a mob, and set on fire, killing four people. 1980 - In the TV series Dallas, the episode to find out who shot JR Ewing is first broadcast, setting the record-high for a US TV audience. 1980 - Fire breaks out at the MGM Grand Hotel in Paradise, Nevada, kills 87 people. 1986 - Oliver North starts shredding documents relating to his and Ronald Reagan's roles in the Iran-Contra Affair. 1995 - The Dayton Peace Agreement is signed in Dayton, Ohio, ending 3-and-a-half years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1999 - China's first spacecraft, Shenzhou 1, lands safely back on Earth. From 2001 2002 – NATO invites Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to become members. 2004 – In Ukraine's Presidential election, Viktor Yanukovych is declared as the winner, leading to the Orange Revolution, after suspicions of vote-rigging. Many people protest in favour of the defeated candidate Viktor Yushchenko, who wins the re-run of the election on December 26. 2004 - The Caribbean islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe are hit by a strong earthquake. 2005 – Prime Minister of Israel Ariel Sharon founds a new political party, the Kadima Party. 2006 - Anti-Syrian Lebanese politician Pierre Amine Gemayel is murdered in downtown Beirut. 2009 – A mine explosion in Heilongjiang province in northern China kills 108 people. 2010 - Eurozone Debt Crisis: It is announced that the Republic of Ireland requires a bail-out from the Eurozone. 2012 - The only surviving perpetrator of the 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks, Ajmal Kasab, is executed. 2012 - After a week of war between Israel and Gaza, an agreement is reached on a truce. 2013 - The roof of a supermarket collapses in Riga, Latvia, killing 54 people, including three firefighters. 2013 - Euromaidan: Protests begin in Ukraine after President Viktor Yanukovych abandons a deal with the EU over closer relations with Russia. 2017 - A bomb attack on a mosque in Mubi, Adamawa State, North-eastern Nigeria, kills 50 people. 2017 - Robert Mugabe resigns as President of Zimbabwe, after an impeachment process was started against him. He had been in power for 37 years (Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987 and President since 1987). Births Up to 1900 1495 - John Bale, English churchman (d. 1563) 1567 - Anne de Xainctonge, French saint (d. 1621) 1582 - François Maynard, French poet (d. 1646) 1643 - René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687) 1692 - Carlo Innocenzio Maria Frugoni, Italian poet (d. 1768) 1694 – François-Marie Arouet (later known as Voltaire), French philosopher (d. 1778) 1718 - Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg, German music critic, music theorist and composer (d. 1795) 1729 – Josiah Bartlett, American politician (d. 1795) 1761 – Dorothy Jordan, British actress and royal mistress (d. 1816) 1768 – Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher, German theologian and philosopher (d. 1834) 1787 – Samuel Cunard, shipping magnate (d. 1865) 1811 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese military leader (d. 1872) 1818 - Lewis Henry Morgan, American lawyer, anthropologist and writer (d. 1881) 1835 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916) 1840 – Victoria, Princess Royal (d. 1901) 1845 - Otto Warth, German architect (d. 1918) 1852 – Francisco Tárrega, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1909) 1853 - Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt (d. 1917) 1854 – Pope Benedict XV (d. 1922) 1866 - Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1914) 1868 - Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (d. 1924) 1870 – Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official (d. 1964) 1870 - Alexander Berkman, American activist and author (d. 1936) 1870 - Joe Darling, Australian cricketer (d. 1946) 1876 - Olav Duun, Norwegian writer (d. 1939) 1878 – Gustav Radbruch, German law professor (d. 1949) 1878 - Ibra Charles Blackwood, Governor of South Carolina (d. 1936) 1882 – Paul Niehans, physicist (d.1971) 1882 - Harold Lowe, Welsh 5th Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1944) 1898 – René Magritte, Belgian painter (d. 1967) 1899 - Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (d. 1987) 1901 1950 1902 – Foster Hewitt, Canadian radio pioneer (d. 1985) 1902 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-born writer (d. 1991) 1902 - Ferenc Hirzer, Hungarian footballer (d. 1957) 1902 - Mikhail Suslov, Soviet statesman (d. 1982) 1904 – Coleman Hawkins, American jazz musician (d. 1969) 1912 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (d. 1983) 1913 - Tomie Ohtake, Japanese-Brazilian artist (d. 2015) 1913 – Roy Boulting, English movie director and producer (d. 2001) 1913 - John Boulting, English director (d. 1985) 1913 - Gunnar Kangro, Estonian mathematician (d. 1975) 1914 - Henri Laborit, French physician and philosopher (d. 1995) 1916 – Sid Luckman, American football player (d. 1998) 1920 – Ralph Meeker, actor (d. 1988) 1920 – Stan Musial, American baseball player (d. 2013) 1921 – Vivian Blaine, actress (d. 1995) 1922 – María Casarès, Spanish-born actress (d. 1996) 1922 - Abe Lemons, American basketball player and coach (d. 2002) 1923 - Margaret Lyons, Canadian radio executive (d. 2019) 1924 - Joseph Campanella, American actor (d. 2018) 1924 – Milka Planinc, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2010) 1924 - Christopher Tolkien, British writer 1925 - Xie Jin, Chinese movie director (d. 2008) 1926 - William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (d. 2015) 1930 - Bryn Meredith, Welsh rugby player 1931 - Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian scientist (d. 1985) 1931 – Malcolm Williamson, composer (d. 2003) 1932 – Beryl Bainbridge, British writer (d. 2010) 1933 - Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot and astronaut (d. 2014) 1935 - Fairuz, Lebanese singer 1936 – Victor Chang, Australian doctor, heart transplant pioneer (d. 1991) 1937 - Ingrid Pitt, British actress (d. 2010) 1937 – Marlo Thomas, American actress 1939 - R. Budd Dwyer, American politician (d. 1987) 1940 – Dr. John, American musician (d. 2019) 1941 – Juliet Mills, American actress 1941 - Julio Anguita, Spanish politician 1942 - Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, German politician 1942 - Afa Anoa'i, Samoan-American wrestler and manager 1943 - Jacques Laffite, French racing driver 1943 – Phil Bredesen, American politician, 48th Governor of Tennessee 1944 – Earl Monroe, American basketball player 1944 - Dick Durbin, American politician, United States Senator for Illinois 1944 – Harold Ramis, American actor, comedian, screenwriter, director and producer (d. 2014) 1945 – Goldie Hawn, American singer and actress 1946 - Emma Cohen, Spanish actress, director, producer and writer (d. 2016) 1948 - Michel Suleiman, 16th President of Lebanon 1948 - Alphonse Mouzon, American musician, composer and producer 1950 - Tommy Craig, Scottish footballer 1950 – Alberto Juantorena, Cuban athlete 1951 1975 1952 - Pedro Lemebel, Chilean writer (d. 2015) 1952 – Lorna Luft, American singer and actress 1952 – Deborah Shelton, actress 1955 - Cedric Maxwell, American basketball player 1956 - John Holt, Scottish footballer 1956 - Cherry Jones, American actress 1959 - Sergei Ratnikov, Estonian footballer and manager 1960 - Brian McNamara, American actor 1962 - Sabine Busch, German athlete 1962 - Stephen Curtis Chapman, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1963 - Andrew Fairlie, Scottish chef (d. 2019) 1963 – Nicollette Sheridan, British actress 1964 - Troy Aikman, American football player 1964 - Shane Douglas, American professional wrestler 1964 - Charles Dunstone, English businessman, founder of Carphone Warehouse 1964 - Liza Tarbuck, English actress 1965 – Björk, Icelandic singer, songwriter, musician and actress 1965 – Alexander Siddig, British actor 1965 - Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (d. 1993) 1966 - Troy Aikman, American football player 1966 - Evgeny Bareev, Russian chess player 1967 - Toshihiko Koga, Japanese judoka 1968 – Alex James, British musician (Blur) 1969 – Ken Griffey, Jr., American baseball player 1970 - Justin Langer, Australian cricketer 1970 - Dante Washington, American soccer player 1971 - Michael Strahan, American football player 1972 - Rain Phoenix, American actress and singer 1972 - David Tua, Samoan boxer 1973 – Brook Kerr, American actress 1973 - Marko Lelov, Estonian footballer and manager From 1976 1977 – Jonas Jennings, American football player 1977 – Bruno Berner, Swiss footballer 1978 – Sara Tanaka, American actress 1978 - Lucía Jiménez, Spanish actress and singer 1979 – Vincenzo Iaquinta, Italian footballer 1979 – Alex Tanguay, Canadian ice hockey player 1979 – Kim Dong-wan, South Korean entertainer 1979 – Stromile Swift, American basketball player 1980 – Hank Blalock, American baseball player 1982 – Georgios Kalogiannidis, Greek archer 1983 – Brie Bella, American professional wrestler 1983 – Nikki Bella, American professional wrestler 1984 – Jena Malone, American actress 1985 – Jesús Navas, Spanish footballer 1985 – Carly Rae Jepsen, Canadian singer 1985 – Nicola Silvestri, Italian footballer 1985 – Michael Hamlin, American football player 1986 – Ben Bishop, American ice hockey player 1986 – Kristof Goddaert, Belgian cyclist (d. 2014) 1988 – Eric Frenzel, German skier 1988 – Larry Sanders, American basketball player 1989 – Fabian Delph, English footballer 1990 – Dani Lang, English cyclist 1990 – Georgie Twigg, English field hockey player 1991 – Woohee, South Korean singer-songwriter, actress and model 1992 – Rino Sashihara, Japanese singer (AKB48) 1992 – Conor Maynard, British singer 1999 – Isaiah Firebrace, Australian singer Deaths Up to 1900 496 – Pope Gelasius I 615 - Columbianus, Irish missionary (b. 543) 1011 - Emperor Reizei of Japan (b. 950) 1361 – Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (plague) (b. 1346) 1555 – Georg Agricola, German scientist (b. 1490) 1652 - Jan Brozek, Polish mathematician, physician and astronomer (b. 1585) 1695 – Henry Purcell, English composer (b. 1659) 1782 - Jacques de Vaucanson, French engineer (b. 1709) 1811 – Heinrich von Kleist, German writer (b. 1777) 1844 - Ivan Krylov, Russian mathematician (b. 1769) 1870 - Karel Jaromir Erben, Czech historian and poet (b. 1811) 1874 - Mariano Fortuny, Spanish painter (b. 1838) 1875 - Friedrich Albert Lange, German philosopher (b. 1828) 1899 – Garret Hobart, Vice President of the United States (b. 1844) 1901 2000 1908 - Carl Friedrich Schmidt, Baltic German geologist and botanist (b. 1832) 1909 - Peder Severin Kroyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (b. 1851) 1916 – Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830) 1924 – Florence Harding, First Lady of the United States (b. 1860) 1928 - Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, German aristocrat (b. 1858) 1938 - Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1870) 1942 - Leopold Graf Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (b. 1863) 1942 - J. B. M. Hertzog, South African politician (b. 1866) 1945 – Robert Benchley, writer and actor (b. 1889) 1953 – Larry Shields, American jazz musician (b. 1893) 1957 – Francis Burton Harrison, American political figure (b. 1873) 1958 - Mel Ott, American baseball player, manager and sportscaster (b. 1909) 1959 – Max Baer, American boxer (b. 1909) 1963 - Artur Lemba, Estonian composer and educator (b. 1885) 1963 - Robert Stroud, American criminal and ornithologist, known as the "Birdman of Alcatraz" (b. 1890) 1969 – Mutesa II of Buganda, President of Uganda (b. 1924) 1970 – C. V. Raman, Indian physicist (b. 1888) 1970 - Newsy Lalonde, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1887) 1974 – John B. Gambling, American radio talk-show host (b. 1897) 1974 – Frank Martin, Swiss composer (b. 1890) 1975 – Gunnar Gunnarsson, Icelandic writer (b. 1889) 1986 - Jerry Colonna, American comedian and singer (b. 1904) 1988 – Carl Hubbell, American baseball player (b. 1903) 1992 - Kaysone Phomvihane, President of Laos (b. 1920) 1993 – Bill Bixby, American actor and director (b. 1934) 1995 – Noel Jones, British diplomat (b. 1940) 1996 – Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist (b. 1926) 1999 – Quentin Crisp, British writer, satirist, actor (b. 1908) 2000 – Emil Zátopek, Czech athlete (b. 1922) From 2001 2001 – Salahuddin of Malaysia, King of Malaysia (b. 1926) 2002 - Hadda Brooks, American singer, pianist and composer (b. 1916) 2005 – Alfred Anderson, Scottish World War I veteran (b. 1896) 2006 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, first President of Djibouti (b. 1916) 2006 – Pierre Amine Gemayel, Lebanese politician (b. 1972) 2007 - Fernando Fernán Gómez, Spanish actor, movie director, theatre director, and playwright (b. 1921) 2009 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1926) 2010 - David Nolan, American activist (b. 1943) 2011 – Greg Halman, Dutch baseball player (b. 1987) 2011 - Anne McCaffrey, American writer (b. 1926) 2012 - Ajmal Kasab, Pakistani terrorist (b. 1987) 2012 - Deborah Raffin, American actress (b. 1953) 2013 - Maurice Vachon, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1929) 2013 - Vern Mikkelsen, American basketball player (b. 1928) 2014 - John H. Land, American politician, Mayor of Apopka, Florida (b. 1920) 2015 - Ameen Faheem, Pakistani politician (b. 1939) 2015 - Linda Haglund, Swedish sprinter (b. 1956) 2015 - Bob Foster, American boxer (b. 1938) 2016 - René Vignal, French footballer (b. 1926) 2017 - Rodney Bewes, English actor (b. 1937) 2017 - Wayne Cochran, American soul singer-songwriter (b. 1939) 2017 - David Cassidy, American actor and singer (b. 1950) 2017 - Milein Cosman, German-British artist (b. 1921) 2017 - Luis Garisto, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1945) 2017 - Valentin Huot, French cyclist (b. 1929) 2018 - Meena Alexander, Indian-American writer and scholar (b. 1951) 2018 - Michele Carey, American actress (b. 1943) 2018 - Olivia Hooker, American psychologist and military personnel (b. 1915) 2018 - Igor Korobov, Russian intelligence officer (b. 1956) 2018 - M. I. Shanavas, Indian politician (b. 1951) 2018 - Lau Nai-keung, Hong Kong businessman and politician (b. 1947) 2019 - Jean Douchet, French film director, actor and critic (b. 1929) 2019 - Bengt-Erik Grahn, Swedish skier (b. 1941) 2019 - Val Heim, American baseball player (b. 1920) 2019 - Andrée Lachapelle, Canadian actress (b. 1931) 2019 - Michael J. Pollard, American actor (b. 1939) 2019 - Gahan Wilson, American cartoonist (b. 1930) Observances Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh, Greece) World Hello Day World Television Day Days of the year

10086

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2024

November 24

Events Up to 1950 1227 - Polish prince Leszek the White is murdered. 1248 - A mass of rock collapses from Mont Granier in Southeastern France in the night to November 25, causing over 1,000 casualties. 1429 - Joan of Arc unsuccessfully besieges (tries to take control of) La Charite. 1542 - Battle of Solway Moss: An English army defeats a much larger Scottish force near the River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway. 1594 - In Goa, India, Portuguese missionaries start building the Basilica do Bom Jesus. 1631 - The Dutch occupy the city of Olinda, the capital of Pernambuco in present-day Brazil, and set it on fire, as they feel they can make more money in nearby Recife. 1642 – Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania). 1850 - Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf, Schleswig-Holstein. 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species. 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain. 1874 - American Joseph Glidden receives a patent for his invention, barbed wire. 1906 - A local newspaper in Ohio accuses two teams of trying to deliberately lose games, causing the first major scandal in American football. 1917 – Nine police officers and one civilian are killed when a bomb explodes at the Milwaukee, Wisconsin police headquarters building. 1922 - Nine IRA members are executed by an Irish Free State firing squad. 1932 – In Washington, D.C., the FBI Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory (better known as the FBI Crime Lab) officially opens. 1940 - World War II: The first Slovakian Republic joins the Axis Powers, the countries that supported Nazi Germany in the war. 1943 - World War II: The battleship USS Liscombe Bay is torpedoed near Tarawa, in the Gilbert Islands, present-day Kiribati. Despite this, the Allies manage to take control of the islands on the same day. 1944 – World War II: The first bombing raid against the Japanese capital is carried out by 88 American aircraft. 1947 – Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France. 1950 - The "Storm of the Century" snowstorm forms before affecting the Northeastern United States the next day. 1951 2000 1962 - British television programme That Was the Week That Was is first broadcast. 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald is assassinated by Jack Ruby in the basement of Dallas police department headquarters. 1963 – Vietnam War: Newly sworn-in US President Lyndon B. Johnson says that the United States intends to continue supporting South Vietnam both militarily and economically. 1965 – Joseph Désiré Mobutu seizes power in the Congo and becomes President; he goes on to rule the country (which he renames Zaire in 1971) for over 30 years, until being overthrown by rebels in 1997. 1966 - Bulgarian TABSO Flight 101 crashes near Bratislava, then-part of Czechoslovakia, killing all 82 people on board. 1969 - The Apollo 12 Moon mission successfully ends when it splashes down in the Pacific Ocean. 1971 – During a severe thunderstorm over Washington, a man calling himself D. B. Cooper hijacks a plane and gets US$200,000 in ransom money. He jumps from the plane and is never seen again (this is the only unsolved skyjacking in history). His identity and fate both remain unknown to this day. 1973 - A speed limit lasting only four months is introduced on German Autobahns during the 1973 oil crisis. 1974 – A 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, nicknamed "Lucy" after The Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds," is found in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar Depression. 1976 – Parts of Iran and the Soviet Union are struck by a magnitude 7.3 earthquake, killing around 5,000 people. 1980 – A National Park is created at the southern end of Lake Malawi. 1988 – Mystery Science Theater 3000 premieres. 1991 - Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen dies a day after announcing that he had AIDS. Kiss musician Eric Carr dies on the same day. 1992 – A China Southern Airlines plane crashes on an internal flight, killing all 141 people on board. 1995 – Estonia applies for EU membership. From 2001 2002 - The first human case of rabies in the UK for over 100 years occurs. 2005 – Pubs in England and Wales, through new alcohol licensing laws, are given new 24-hour opening hours. 2007 – Kevin Rudd is elected Prime Minister of Australia, succeeding John Howard, who loses his own parliamentary seat in the election. 2012 - A garment factory fire in Dhaka, Bangladesh, kills over 112 people. 2013 - Iran agrees to limit its nuclear development program in exchange for less sanctions, which meant that they had limits on what they could export and import, after talks in Geneva, Switzerland. 2014 - United States Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel resigns. 2016 - A bomb attack near Hilla, Iraq, kills at least 77 people. 2017 - Emmerson Mnangagwa is sworn in as President of Zimbabwe, following the resignation of Robert Mugabe. 2017 - Sooronbay Jeenbekov becomes President of Kyrgyzstan. 2017 - A terrorist attack on a mosque in the North of Egypt's Sinai Peninsula results in at least 305 people being killed. 2019 - Pro-democracy activists make gains in local elections in Hong Kong. 2019 - A plane crash in Goma in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo kills at least 19 people. Births Up to 1800 1273 - Alphonso, Earl of Chester (d. 1284) 1394 – Charles, Duke of Orléans (d. 1465) 1472 - Pietro Torrigiano, Italian sculptor (d. 1528) 1583 - Juan Martinez de Jauregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet and painter (d. 1641) 1615 - Philip William, Elector Palatine (d. 1690) 1632 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (died 1677) 1655 – King Charles XI of Sweden (d. 1697) 1690 - Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1750) 1712 - Ali II ibn Hussein, Tunisian ruler (d. 1782) 1713 – Laurence Sterne, English-Irish writer (d. 1768) 1713 - Junípero Serra, Spanish priest and missionary (d. 1784) 1724 – Maria Amalia of Savoy, Queen of Spain (d. 1760) 1729 - Alexander Suvorov, Russian general (d. 1800) 1745 - Maria Luisa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1792) 1766 - Friedrich Weinbrenner, German architect (d. 1826) 1773 - Shadrach Bond, 1st Governor of Illinois (d. 1832) 1774 - Thomas Dick, Scottish minister, educator and author (d. 1857) 1784 – Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (d. 1850) 1801 1900 1801 - Ludwig Bechstein, German writer (d. 1860) 1806 – William Webb Ellis, English clergyman and alleged inventor of Rugby (d. 1872) 1808 - Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr, French journalist and writer (d. 1890) 1811 - Ulrich Ochsenbein, Swiss politician (d. 1890) 1815 – Grace Darling, English heroine (d. 1842) 1826 – Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (d. 1890) 1830 - Michael Hahn, 19th Governor of Louisiana (d. 1886) 1849 – Frances Hodgson Burnett, English-American writer (d. 1945) 1857 - Miklos Kovacs, Hungarian-Slovenian poet (d. 1937) 1858 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian painter (d. 1884) 1859 - Cass Gilbert, American architect (d. 1934) 1864 – Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (d. 1901) 1867 – Alfred Pampalon, Canadian priest (d. 1896) 1868 – Scott Joplin, American musician (d. 1917) 1869 – Antonio Oscar Carmona, Portuguese politician, 97th Prime Minister and 11th President (d. 1951) 1874 – Charles William Miller, Scottish-Brazilian footballer (d. 1953) 1875 - Nobuyuki Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1962) 1876 - Walter Burley Griffin, American architect, designed Canberra, Australia (d. 1937) 1877 – Alben W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States (d. 1956) 1880 – King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1953) 1884 - Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 2nd President of Israel (d. 1963) 1884 - Michel de Klerk, Dutch architect (d. 1923) 1887 - Raoul Paoli, French boxer and rower (d. 1960) 1888 – Dale Carnegie, American writer (d. 1955) 1889 - Kim Chwa-chin, Korean politician and activist (d. 1930) 1891 - Mariano Ospina Pérez, 42nd President of Colombia (d. 1976) 1893 - Charles F. Hurley, 54th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1946) 1894 - Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (d. 1978) 1896 – Lucky Luciano, American gangster (d. 1962) 1901 1950 1904 - Albert Ross Tilley, Canadian surgeon (d. 1988) 1908 - Libertad Lamarque, Argentine actress and singer (d. 2000) 1912 - Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (d. 1993) 1913 - Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (d. 2005) 1914 - Agostino Casaroli, Italian cardinal (d. 1998) 1916 - Frankie Muse Freeman, American civil rights attorney (d. 2018) 1916 - Forrest J Ackerman, American magazine editor and science fiction writer (d. 2008) 1921 - John Lindsay, 103rd Mayor of New York City (d. 2000) 1922 - Stanford R. Ovshinsky, American scientist and inventor (d. 2012) 1923 - Octavio Lepage, Acting President of Venezuela (d. 2017) 1924 - Victor Grinich, Croatian-American businessman (d. 2000) 1925 – William F. Buckley, Jr.. American writer and political commentator (d. 2008) 1925 – Simon van der Meer, Dutch physicist (d. 2011) 1926 – Tsung-Dao Lee, Chinese-American physicist 1929 - George Moscone, 37th Mayor of San Francisco (d. 1978) 1930 - Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian photographer and director (d. 2018) 1930 - Bob Friend, American baseball player (d. 2019) 1930 - Yale Lary, American football player, businessman and politician (d. 2017) 1930 - Ken Barrington, English cricketer 1931 - Tommy Allsup, American musician (d. 2017) 1934 – Alfred Schnittke, Russian composer (d. 1998) 1935 - Ron Dellums, American politician, 48th Mayor of Oakland, California 1935 - Khalifa bin Salman al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain 1938 - Willy Claes, Belgian diplomat, 8th Secretary-General of NATO 1938 - Oscar Robertson, American basketball player 1941 - Donald "Duck" Dunn, American musician (d. 2012) 1941 – Pete Best, Indian-born English drummer (The Beatles) 1942 – Billy Connolly, Scottish comedian and actor 1942 - Martin Fitzwater, 17th White House Press Secretary 1942 - Craig Thomas, Welsh author (d. 2011) 1943 – Dave Bing, American basketball player and politician, 70th Mayor of Detroit 1943 - Kuniwo Nakamura, Palauan politician, 6th President of Palau 1944 – Bev Bevan, English rock drummer 1944 – Dan Glickman, American politician, 26th United States Secretary of Agriculture 1944 - Roberto Sagastume Pinto, Guatemalan politician (d. 2014) 1944 - Ibrahim Gambari, Nigerian politician 1946 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (d. 1989) 1947 – Dwight Schultz, American actor 1947 – Dave Sinclair, English musician 1947 - Jorge Obeid, Argentine politician (d. 2014) 1950 - Bob Burns, American drummer (d. 2015) 1951 1975 1951 - Margaret Mountford, Northern Irish lawyer and businesswoman 1951 - Graham Price, Welsh rugby union player 1952 - Thierry Lhermitte, French actor 1954 - Emir Kusturica, Bosnian-Serbian moviemaker, actor and musician 1954 - Susan Gilmore, English actress 1955 – Clem Burke, American drummer (Blondie) 1955 – Einar Kárason, Icelandic writer 1955 – Ian Botham, English cricketer 1955 - Najib Mikati, 31st Prime Minister of Lebanon 1956 - Ruben Santiago-Hudson, American actor 1957 – Denise Crosby, American actress 1958 - Margaret Curran, Scottish politician 1958 – Roy Aitken, Scottish footballer and manager 1958 - Alain Chabat, French actor and director 1959 - Zeinab Badawi, Sudanese-British journalist and broadcaster 1960 – Armen Grigoryan, Russian-Armenian singer 1961 – Arundhati Roy, Indian writer and activist 1962 – John Squire, British guitarist (The Stone Roses) 1963 - Neale Cooper, Scottish footballer (d. 2018) 1965 - Tom Boyd, Scottish footballer 1965 - Brad Wall, Canadian politician, Premier of Saskatchewan 1965 - Shirley Henderson, Scottish actress and singer 1966 – Russell Watson, English singer 1968 – Bülent Korkmaz, Turkish footballer 1970 - Julieta Venegas, Mexican singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1971 – Lola Glaudini, American actress 1974 - Stephen Merchant, English comedian, actor and director From 1976 1976 – Stephanie zu Guttenberg, German noblewoman, married to Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg 1976 – Chen Lu, Chinese figure skater 1977 – Colin Hanks, American actor 1978 – Katherine Heigl, American actress 1979 - Joseba Llorente, Spanish footballer 1979 - Carmelita Jeter, American athlete 1979 - Sue Smith, English footballer 1980 – Beth Pheonix, American wrestler 1983 – Dean Ashton, English footballer 1983 - Gwilym Lee, English actor 1983 - Karin Vanasse, Canadian actress 1984 – Maria Höfl-Riesch, German skier 1984 - Kagisho Dikgacoi, South African footballer 1985 - Julia Alexandratou, Greek model, actress and singer 1986 - Aida Folch, Spanish actress 1987 - Jeremain Lens, Dutch footballer 1990 - Sarah Hyland, American actress and singer 1990 - Tom Odell, British singer-songwriter 1993 - Ivi Adamou, Cypriot singer 1994 - Nabil Bentaleb, Algerian footballer 1994 - Reece Mastin, English-Australian singer Deaths Up to 1900 654 - Emperor Kotoku of Japan (b. 596) 1072 - Bagrat IV of Georgia (b. 1018) 1227 - Leszek I the White, Polish prince 1265 - Magnus Olafsson, Manx King 1531 - Johannes Oecolampadius, Swiss religious reformer (b. 1482) 1572 – John Knox, Scottish reformer (b. 1514) 1600 - Balthasar Russow, Baltic German chronicler and clergyman (b. 1536) 1675 - Guru Tegh Bahadur, Indian religious leader (Sikhism) (b. 1621) 1722 - Johann Adam Reincken, Dutch-German organist and composer (b. 1623) 1741 - Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (b. 1688) 1775 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703) 1830 - Bungaree, Australian Aboriginal explorer and community leader (b. c. 1775) 1837 - Joseph Kent, Governor of Maryland (b. 1779) 1848 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1779) 1885 – Nicolás Avellaneda, President of Argentina (b. 1837) 1901 2000 1916 - Hiram Stevens Maxim, American-English inventor (b. 1840) 1920 - Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian author and poet (b. 1854) 1922 – Sidney Sonnino, Italian politician (b. 1847) 1923 - Michel de Klerk, Dutch architect (b. 1884) 1929 – Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France (b. 1841) 1948 – Anna Jarvis, American, founder of Mother's Day (b. 1864) 1956 - Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (b. 1920) 1957 – Diego Rivera, Mexican painter (b. 1886) 1958 – Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British politician (b. 1864) 1960 - Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (b. 1882) 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald, American accused assassin of John F. Kennedy (b. 1939) 1963 - Marotrao Kannamwar, Indian politician, 2nd Chief Minister of Maharashtra 1964 - Herbert Johanson, Estonian architect (b. 1884) 1965 – Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1895) 1980 - George Raft, American actor (b. 1895) 1982 - Barack Obama, Sr., Kenyan father of Barack Obama (b. 1936) 1985 – Big Joe Turner, American singer (b. 1911) 1990 – Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright (b. 1896) 1991 – Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born singer (Queen), of AIDS (b. 1946). 1991 – Eric Carr, American drummer (Kiss) (b. 1950). 1993 - Albert Collins, American blues singer and guitarist (b. 1932) 1996 - Sorley MacLean, Scottish poet (b. 1911) 1997 - Barbara, French singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1930) 1998 – John Chadwick, British philologist (b. 1920) From 2001 2001 - Melanie Thornton, American singer (b. 1967) 2002 – John Rawls, American philosopher (b. 1921) 2005 – Pat Morita, American actor (b. 1932) 2008 - Cecil H. Underwood, 25th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1922) 2009 – Samak Sundaravej, Thai politician (b. 1935) 2010 – Huang Hua, Chinese politician (b. 1913) 2012 - Héctor Camacho, Puerto Rican boxer (b. 1962) 2013 - Amedeo Amadei, Italian footballer (b. 1921) 2014 - Viktor Tikhonov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1930) 2014 - Jorge Herrera Delgado, Mexican politician (b. 1961) 2015 - Varduhi Varderesyan, Romanian-Armenian actress (b. 1928) 2015 - Heinz Oberhummer, Austrian physicist and astronomer (b. 1941) 2016 - Florence Henderson, American actress and singer (b. 1934) 2017 - Wesley L. Fox, American colonel (b. 1931) 2017 - Neil Gillman, Canadian-American rabbi and philosopher (b. 1933) 2017 - Stephen Knapp, American artist (b. 1947) 2017 - Mitch Margo, American singer (The Tokens) (b. 1947) 2017 - Jaime Ortí, Spanish football businessman and sports commentator (b. 1947) 2017 - Hermann Schwörer, German businessman and politician (b. 1922) 2017 - John Thierry, American football player (b. 1971) 2018 - Ambareesh, Indian actor and politician (b. 1952) 2018 - Gordon Copeland, New Zealand politician (b. 1943) 2018 - David Defiagbon, Nigerian-Canadian boxer (b. 1970) 2018 - Ricky Jay, American stage magician, actor and writer (b. 1946) 2019 - Goo Ha-ra, South Korean pop singer (b. 1991) 2019 - Clive James, Australian author and broadcaster (b. 1939) 2019 - Kailash Chandra Joshi, Indian politician (b. 1929) 2019 - Colin Mawby, English organist, composer and conductor (b. 1936) 2019 - Dion Neutra, American architect and activist (b. 1926) 2019 - Yehoshua Porath, Israeli historian and politician (b. 1938) 2019 - John Simon, Serbian-born American essayist and critic (b. 1925) 2019 - Joan Staley, American actress (b. 1940) Observances Lachit Divas (Assam) Teacher's Day (Turkey) Days of the year

10087

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2022

November 22

Events Up to 1900 845 - The first King of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats Frankish King Charles the Bold at the Battle of Ballon near Redon. 1412 - The St. Cecilia's flood kills around 30,000 people on the lower Elbe. 1497 – Vasco da Gama sails round the Cape of Good Hope on his voyage to India. 1574 - The Juan Fernandez Islands in the Pacific Ocean, now belonging to Chile, are discovered. 1635 - Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a campaign against native villages. It results in them taking control over the Central and Southern parts of the island. 1718 – Off the coast of Virginia, English pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") is killed in battle when a British boarding party cornered and then shot and stabbed him more than 25 times. 1812 - War of 1812: 17 Indiana rangers are killed at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek. 1837 - Canadian journalist William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper "The Constitution". 1847 - Fire rips through a paddle steamer on Lake Michigan, killing 250 people. 1858 – Denver, Colorado, is founded. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General William T. Sherman from Georgia. 1869 - In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched. 1873 - French transatlantic steamer Ville du Havre collides in the North Atlantic Ocean with the clipper Loch Earn, breaks apart and sinks within twelve minutes, killing 226. 1880 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre in New York City. 1901 2000 1908 - The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet 1917 – In Montreal, Canada, the National Hockey Association breaks up (on November 26 it was replaced with the National Hockey League). 1928 - The first performance of Maurice Ravel's Bolero takes place in Paris. 1933 - Qatar Airways is founded. 1935 – The China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California in an attempt to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean (the airplane later reached its destination, Manila, and delivered over 110,000 pieces of mail). 1940 - World War II: After the initial Italian invasion of Greece, Greek troops counter-attack into Italian-occupied Albania and captures Korytsa. 1942 – World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus and General Friedrich von Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded. 1943 – World War II: War in the Pacific – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (see Cairo Conference) 1943 – Lebanon gains independence from France. 1954 - The Humane Society of the United States is founded. 1956 - The 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, begin. 1963 – John F. Kennedy assassination: In Dallas, Texas, US President John F. Kennedy is assassinated, Texas Governor John B. Connally is seriously wounded, and US Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn-in as the 36th President of the United States. Suspect Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested but is himself shot two days later by Jack Ruby. 1967 – UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab-Israeli peace settlement. 1968 – The Beatles release The White Album. 1972 – Vietnam War: The United States loses its first B-52 Stratofortress of the war. 1974 – The United Nations General Assembly grants the Palestine Liberation Organization observer status. 1975 – Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of dictator Francisco Franco. 1977 – British Airways inaugurates regular London to New York City supersonic Concorde service. 1985 – According to ancient Aztec mythology, the future saviour of the world would be born on this date. 1986 – Mike Tyson knocks-out Trevor Berbick in a round 2 fight, becoming the youngest world heavyweight-boxing champion (20 years, 4 months old). 1988 – In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed. 1989 – In west Beirut, a bomb explodes near the motorcade of Lebanese President Rene Moawad, killing him. 1990 – Margaret Thatcher resigns as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 1995 - Toy Story is released as the first feature-length movie created completely using computer-generated imagery. From 2001 2001 – Jack McConnell replaces Henry McLeish as First Minister of Scotland. 2002 – In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest. 2003 – England wins the Rugby World Cup, defeating Australia in the final. 2003 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, opponents of President Eduard Shevardnadze seize the parliament building and demand the president's resignation. 2003 – The Heritage Classic, the first outdoor hockey game in the history of the National Hockey League is played in Edmonton, Alberta. 2004 - Orange Revolution: Protests begin in Kyiv, Ukraine, over the previous day's election result, in which Viktor Yanukovych was announced as the winner over Viktor Yushchenko. 2005 – Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany. 2007 – Steve McClaren is sacked as the manager of the England national football team, which had failed to qualify for the European Championships. 2010 – A stampede occurs on a bridge in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, during the Bon Om Thook water festival, killing 347 people. 2013 - Magnus Carlsen wins the World Chess Championship over defending champion Viswanathan Anand. 2015 - Mauricio Macri is elected President of Argentina over Daniel Scioli. 2017 - Ratko Mladic is found guilty of war crimes by the International Court of Justice in relation to the Srebrenica massacre. Births Up to 1800 1428 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English politician (d. 1471) 1515 – Marie of Guise, Regent of Scotland (d. 1560) 1532 - Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585) 1536 - Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, German nobleman (d. 1606) 1602 - Elisabeth of France (d. 1644) 1643 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687) 1698 - Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, French Governor of Louisiana (d. 1778) 1709 - Franz Benda, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1786) 1710 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer, eldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1784) 1722 - Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ukrainian poet (d. 1794) 1728 - Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (d. 1811) 1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818) 1753 - Dugald Stewart, Scottish philosopher and mathematician (d. 1828) 1766 - Charlotte von Lengefeld, German writer (d. 1826) 1767 – Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian patriot (d. 1810) 1780 - José Cecilio del Valle, Honduran politician (d. 1834) 1787 – Rasmus Christian Rask, Danish linguist (d. 1832) 1791 - John Winston Jones, American politician (d. 1848) 1801 1900 1808 – Thomas Cook, British holiday entrepreneur (d. 1892) 1819 – George Eliot, English novelist (d. 1880) 1837 - Franklin MacVeigh, American politician (d. 1934) 1840 - Emile Lemoine, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1912) 1849 – Christian Rohlfs, painter and graphic artist (d. 1938) 1852 – Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French diplomat (d. 1924) 1856 – Heber J. Grant, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1945) 1859 - Fusajiro Yamauchi, Japanese founder of Nintendo (d. 1940) 1861 – Ranavalona III, Queen of Madagascar (d. 1917) 1868 – John Nance Garner, 32nd Vice President of the United States (d. 1967) 1869 – André Gide, French novelist (d. 1951) 1875 - Tomas Berreta, President of Uruguay (d. 1947) 1876 - Emil Beyer, American gymnast (d. 1934) 1876 - Pierre Petit de Juleville, French cardinal (d. 1947) 1876 - Percival Proctor Baxter, 33rd Governor of Maine (d. 1969) 1877 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman, founder of Barcelona Football Club (d. 1930) 1881 – Ismail Enver, Turkish general and politician (d. 1922) 1883 - Martin Flavin, American playwright and novelist (d. 1967) 1889 - Gordon Browning, Governor of Tennessee (d. 1976) 1890 – Charles de Gaulle, French general and statesman, President of France (d. 1970) 1890 – El Lissitzky, Russian painter and designer (d. 1941) 1893 – Harley J. Earl, automobile designer, father of the Chevrolet Corvette (d. 1969) 1897 – Paul Oswald Ahnert, German astronomer (d. 1989) 1898 - Wiley Post, American pilot (d. 1935) 1899 – Hoagy Carmichael, American composer, singer and actor (d. 1981) 1900 - Helenka Pantaleoni, American actress and humanitarian (d. 1987) 1901 1950 1901 – Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish composer (d. 1999) 1902 - Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1990) 1904 – Louis Néel, French physicist (d. 2000) 1909 - Mikhail Mil, Russian engineer (d. 1970) 1913 – Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976) 1913 - Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player (d. 2016) 1914 - Peter Townsend, English captain and pilot (d. 1995) 1917 – Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2012) 1918 – Claiborne Pell, former United States Senator (d. 2009) 1921 – Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian and actor (d. 2004) 1922 - Eugene Stoner, American weapons designer (d. 1997) 1923 - Tu An, Chinese poet and translator (d. 2017) 1923 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian director (d. 2016) 1923 - Hanna Maron, German-born Israeli actress (d. 2014) 1924 - Les Johnson, Australian politician (d. 2015) 1924 – Geraldine Page, actress (d. 1987) 1925 – Gunther Schuller, American jazz composer and director (d. 2015) 1925 - Jerrie Mock, American pilot (d. 2014) 1926 - Gene Berce, American basketball player (d. 2018) 1926 - Arthur Jones, American businessman (d. 2007) 1928 - Willie Fernie, Scottish footballer (d. 2011) 1929 - Isa Barzizza, Italian actress 1930 - Owen Garriott, American astronaut (d. 2019) 1930 - Peter Hall, English theatre and movie director (d. 2017) 1930 - Peter Huford, English organist and composer 1932 – Robert Vaughn, American actor (d. 2016) 1936 - Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain 1936 - Alex Scott, Scottish footballer (d. 2001) 1936 - John Bird, English actor and comedian 1940 - Andrzej Zulawski, Polish director and writer (d. 2016) 1940 – Terry Gilliam, American-born British comedian, actor and director, member of Monty Python 1941 – Tom Conti, Scottish actor 1941 - Jacques Laperriere, Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1941 - Jesse Colin Young, American singer-songwriter and bass player 1942 - Guion Bluford, American astronaut 1943 – Billie Jean King, American tennis player 1943 - Peter Adair, American director and producer (d. 1996) 1943 - Gary M. Heidnik, American serial killer (d. 1999) 1946 - Aston Barrett, Jamaican athlete 1947 - Paloma San Basilio, Spanish singer-songwriter and producer 1947 – Nevio Scala, Italian footballer 1948 – Radomir Antic, Serbian football manager 1949 - Richard Carmona, 17th Surgeon General of the United States 1949 - Godfrey Bloom, English politician 1950 – Jim Jefferies, Scottish football manager 1950 – Lyman Bostock, American Major League Baseball player (d. 1978) 1950 – Steve Van Zandt, musician 1950 – Tina Weymouth, musician 1951 1975 1951 – Kent Nagano, American conductor 1954 - Robert F. Coleman, American mathematician (d. 2014) 1954 - Paolo Gentiloni, former Prime Minister of Italy 1956 - Lawrence Gowan, Scottish-Canadian singer-songwriter and producer (Styx) 1956 - Richard Kind, American actor 1958 – Jamie Lee Curtis, American actress 1958 - Bruce Payne, English actor 1959 - Frank McAvennie, Scottish footballer 1961 – Mariel Hemingway, American actress 1961 - Stephen Hough, English-Australian pianist and composer 1961 - Randal L. Schwartz, American computer programmer 1961 - Gary Valentine, American actor, comedian and writer 1962 - Sumi Jo, South Korean soprano 1962 - Victor Peleven, Russian author 1963 – Tony Mowbray, English football manager 1963 - Brian Robbins, American actor and director 1963 - Corinne Russell, English model, actress and dancer 1963 - Ingvar Eggert Sigurdsson, Icelandic actor 1965 - Mads Mikkelsen, Danish actor 1966 - Mark Pritchard, English politician 1967 – Boris Becker, German tennis player 1967 - Mark Ruffalo, American actor and producer 1968 - Sidse Babett Knudsen, Danish actress 1969 - Katrin Krabbe, German athlete 1973 - Chad Trujillo, American astronomer 1974 – David Pelletier, figure skater 1975 – Aiko, Japanese singer From 1976 1976 – Ville Valo, lead singer of Finnish rock band HIM 1976 – Torsten Frings, German footballer 1977 - Annika Norlin, Swedish singer 1978 – Francis Obikwelu, Portuguese athlete 1979 - Jeremy Dale, American comic book artist (d. 2014) 1980 - Rait Keerles, Estonian basketball player 1980 - Yaroslav Rybakov, Russian high jumper 1982 - Steve Angello, Greek-Swedish DJ and singer 1982 – Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Nigerian footballer 1982 - Isild Le Besco, French actress 1983 - Tyler Hilton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1984 – Scarlett Johansson, American actress 1985 - Austin Brown, American singer 1985 – Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian footballer 1986 – Oscar Pistorius, South African athlete 1987 - Marouane Fellaini, Belgian footballer 1988 - Jamie Campbell Bower, English actor and singer 1988 - Jyoti Guptara, English-Swiss journalist and author 1988 - Suresh Guptara, English-Swiss author 1989 - Chris Smalling, English footballer 1989 - Gabriel Torje, Romanian footballer 1989 - Candice Glover, American singer-songwriter and actress 1990 - Jing Dongwoo, South Korean singer and dancer 1991 - Scott Bain, Scottish footballer 1991 - Saki Shimizu, Japanese singer 1992 - Will Young, New Zealand cricketer 1995 - Katherine McNamara, American actress and singer 1996 - Hailey Baldwin, American model and television personality 1996 - Madison Davenport, American actress Deaths Up to 1950 385 - Antipope Felix II 950 - Lothair II of Italy (b. 926) 1286 – King Eric V of Denmark (b. 1249) 1318 – Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Russia (b. 1271) 1594 – Martin Frobisher, English explorer 1617 – Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1590) 1710 - Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer (b. 1637) 1718 – Edward Teach (Blackbeard), English pirate (b. 1680) 1774 – Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, British general (b. 1725) 1813 - Johann Christian Reil, German physician (b. 1759) 1875 – Henry Wilson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1812) 1896 - George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris Wheel (b. 1859) 1900 – Arthur Sullivan, English composer (b. 1842) 1902 - Walter Reed, American physician (b. 1851) 1916 – Jack London, American writer (b. 1876) 1919 - Francisco Moreno, Argentine explorer and academic (b. 1852) 1930 – Paul Raud, Estonian painter (b. 1865) 1944 – Arthur Eddington, British astrophysicist (b. 1882) 1946 - Burt McKinnie, American golfer (b. 1879) 1946 - Otto George Thierack, German jurist and politician (b. 1889) 1948 - Fakhri Pasha, Turkish general and politician (b. 1868) 1951 2000 1954 - Jess McMahon, American wrestling promoter (b. 1882) 1962 - René Coty, President of France (b. 1882) 1963 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (b. 1917) 1963 – Aldous Huxley, English writer (b. 1894) 1963 – C. S. Lewis, Irish writer (b. 1898) 1967 - Pavel Korin, Russian painter (b. 1892) 1980 - Jules Léger, 21st Governor General of Canada (b. 1913) 1980 – Mae West, American actress (b. 1893) 1981 – Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist (b. 1900) 1986 – Scatman Crothers, American actor (b. 1910) 1989 – René Moawad, Lebanese politician (b. 1925) 1992 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (b. 1905) 1993 – Anthony Burgess, British writer (b. 1917) 1996 - Maria Casares, Spanish-born actress (b. 1922) 1996 - Terence Donovan, English photographer (b. 1936) 1997 – Michael Hutchence, Australian musician (b. 1960) 2000 - Christian Marquand, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1927) From 2001 2003 - Mario Beccaria, Italian politician (b. 1920) 2007 - Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss choreographer (b. 1929) 2007 - Verity Lambert, English television producer (b. 1935) 2008 – Ibrahim Nasir, former President of the Maldives (b. 1926) 2010 – Frank Fenner, Australian scientist (b. 1914) 2011 – Danielle Mitterrand, French activist and former First Lady of France (b. 1924) 2011 - Lynn Margulis, American biologist (b. 1938) 2011 - Svetlana Alliluyeva (Lana Peters), Soviet-born American writer, defector and daughter of Joseph Stalin (b. 1926) 2011 - Sena Jurinac, Bosnian-born operatic soprano (b. 1921) 2011 - Paul Motian, American jazz musician (b. 1931) 2012 - Bryce Courteney, South African-born Australian illustrator (b. 1933) 2013 - Georges Lautner, French movie director, screenwriter (b. 1926) 2014 - Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (b. 1916) 2014 - Claire Barry, American singer (b. 1920) 2014 - Marcel Paquet, Belgian philosopher (b. 1947) 2015 - Kim Young-sam, 6th President of South Korea (b. 1927) 2015 - Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (b. 1932) 2016 - Ram Naresh Yadav, Indian politician (b. 1927) 2017 - George Avakian, American record producer (b. 1919) 2017 - Jon Hendricks, American jazz singer (b. 1921) 2017 - Maurice Hinchey, American politician (b. 1938) 2017 - Imre Hollai, Hungarian diplomat (b. 1925) 2017 - Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (b. 1962) 2017 - Stefan Radt, German-Dutch historian and author (b. 1927) 2017 - Charles C. McDonald, American general (b. 1933) 2018 - Soslan Andiyev, Russian freestyle wrestler (b. 1952) 2018 - Baishnab Charan Parida, Indian politician (b. 1941) 2018 - Jose Peralta, American politician (b. 1971) 2019 - Stephen Cleobury, English organist (b. 1948) 2019 - Daniel Leclercq, French footballer (b. 1949) 2019 - Gugu Liberato, Brazilian television presenter, entrepreneur, actor and singer (b. 1959) 2019 - Kaare R. Norum, Norwegian academic and nutritionist (b. 1932) 2019 - Cecilia Seghizzi, Italian composer and painter (b. 1908) 2019 - Henry Sobel, Portuguese-born Brazilian-American rabbi (b. 1944) 2019 - Bowen Stassforth, American swimmer (b. 1926) Observances Independence Day (Lebanon) Day of the Albanian Alphabet Days of the year

10088

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2023

November 23

Events Up to 1900 800 – Charlemagne arrives at Rome to examine the alleged crimes of Pope Leo III. 1174 - Saladin enters Damascus. 1248 - Spanish Reconquista: Christian troops under Ferdinand III of Castile conquer Seville. 1510 - First campaign of the Ottoman Empire against the Kingdom of Imereti, present-day western Georgia. 1531 - The Second War of Kappel results in Switzerland's Protestant Alliance dissolving. 1644 - John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet against censorship. 1791 - The Snares Islands to the south of New Zealand are discovered. 1810 - Sarah Booth has her first performance at the Royal Opera House. 1863 – American Civil War: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops. 1889 - The first jukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco, California. 1890 - King William III of the Netherlands dies. His death ends the shared monarchy between the Netherlands and Luxembourg. In the Netherlands, his daughter Wilhelmina becomes Queen, with Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont as regent. In Luxembourg, Grand Duke Adolphe becomes the next monarch. 1901 2000 1904 - The 1904 Olympics in St. Louis officially end. 1910 - Johan Alfred Ander becomes the last person to be executed in Sweden before the death penalty becomes illegal there. 1914 – The US Army retreats from Mexico. 1924 - Edwin Hubble's discovery of the Andromeda Galaxy is first published in a newspaper. Previously, the Milky Way was thought to be the only galaxy in existence. 1936 - Life magazine is re-published as a photograph magazine and becomes an immediate success. 1939 - World War II: German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau sink the British aid ship Rawalpindi to the southeast of Iceland, killing 265 people. 1940 - World War II: Romania officially joins the Axis Powers. 1942 - World War II: British steamer Tilawa is sunk in the Indian Ocean by Japanese U-boat I-29, killing 280 people. 1955 – The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia. 1959 – General Charles de Gaulle, President of France, declares in a speech in Strasbourg his vision for a "Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals." 1961 – Sturt's Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa, becomes the floral emblem of South Australia. 1963 – The first episode of the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who, "An Unearthly Child", airs on the BBC. 1971 – The representatives of the People's Republic of China first attended the United Nations, including the United Nations Security Council, as China's representatives. 1974 - Sixty Ethiopian politicians, aristocrats, military officers and other persons are executed by the provisional military government. 1976 - Jacques Mayol is the first man to reach a depth of 100 meters undersea without breathing equipment. 1978 - A cyclone kills 1,000 people in Eastern Sri Lanka. 1980 – A series of earthquakes in southern Italy kills approximately 4,800 people. 1981 – Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua. 1985 - Gunmen hijack EgyptAir Flight 648 while it is travelling from Athens to Cairo. When the plane lands in Malta, it is stormed by Egyptian commandos, though 60 people die in the raid. 1990 – The first all-woman expedition to the South Pole (3 Americans, 1 Japanese and 12 Russians), sets off from Antarctica on the 1st leg of a 70-day, 1287-kilometre ski trek. 1996 – The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization. 1996 – A plane crash in the Indian Ocean near the Comoros kills 125 people. From 2001 2001 - The Convention on Cybercrime is signed in Budapest. 2003 – Eduard Shevardnadze resigns as President of Georgia. 2004 - Tbilisi's Holy Trinity Cathedral is consecrated. 2005 – Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is elected President of Liberia, becoming Africa's first female President. 2006 - A series of bombings in Sadr City, Iraq, kills at least 215 people. 2007 – MS Explorer, a cruise liner carrying 154 people, sinks in the Antarctic Ocean south of Argentina after hitting an iceberg near the South Shetland Islands. 2009 – The Maguindanao massacre occurs on the island of Mindanao, Philippines. 2010 – North Korea attacks Yeonpyeong Island, prompting a military response from neighbouring South Korea, in one of the fiercest exchanges since the Korean War. 2019 - People in the autonomous island region of Bougainville start voting on whether they want to be an independent country or whether they want to gain more autonomy as part of Papua New Guinea. Births Up to 1900 912 – Otto I, Duke of the Saxons, King of the Germans and Holy Roman Emperor (d. 973) 1221 – King Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284) 1553 - Prospero Alpini, Italian botanist and physician (d. 1617) 1616 – John Wallis, English mathematician (d. 1703) 1709 - Julien Offray de La Mettrie, French physician and philosopher (d. 1751) 1715 - Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799) 1749 - Edward Rutledge, American politician (d. 1800) 1754 - Abraham Baldwin, American politician (d. 1807) 1781 - Theodor Valentin Volkmar, German politician, 1st Mayor of Marburg (d. 1847) 1785 - Jan Roothaan, Dutch priest (d. 1853) 1804 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (d. 1869) 1815 - William Dennison, Jr., 24th Governor of Ohio (d. 1882) 1820 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and author (d. 1884) 1837 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist (d. 1923) 1838 - Stephanos Skouloudis, 97th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1928) 1851 – Jonas Basanavicius, Lithuanian physician, scientist and political activist (d. 1927) 1855 - John I. Cox, 33rd Governor of Tennessee (d. 1946) 1859 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (d. 1881) 1860 – Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1925) 1861 - Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (d. 1939) 1865 - George P. McClellan, Jr., Mayor of New York City (d. 1940) 1869 - Valdemar Poulsen, Danish engineer (d. 1942) 1871 - William Watt, 24th Premier of Australia (d. 1946) 1875 - Anatoly Lunacharsky, Russian politician (d. 1933) 1876 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (d. 1946) 1882 - John Rabe, German businessman and humanitarian (d. 1950) 1883 - José Clemente Orozco, Mexican painter (d. 1949) 1886 - Eduards Smilgis, Latvian actor and theatre director (d. 1966) 1886 - Lloyd C. Stark, Governor of Missouri (d. 1972) 1887 - Hobart Henley, American actor and director (d. 1964) 1887 – Boris Karloff, British actor (d. 1969) 1887 - Henry Moseley, British physicist (d. 1915) 1888 – Harpo Marx, American actor, comedian and mime (d. 1964) 1888 - George F. Shafer, Governor of South Dakota (d. 1948) 1890 - El Lissitzky, Russian artist and architect (d. 1941) 1892 - Erté, French artist (d. 1990) 1896 - Sandy Archibald, Scottish footballer (d. 1946) 1896 - Tsunenohana Kan'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1960) 1896 - Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovakian Communist leader (d. 1953) 1897 - Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Indian writer (d. 1999) 1899 - Manuel dos Reis Machado, Brazilian martial artist (d. 1974) 1901 1950 1902 - Victor Jory, Canadian-American actor (d. 1982) 1906 - Betti Alver, Estonian poet (d. 1989) 1907 - Run Run Shaw, Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist (d. 2014) 1914 - Richard Percival Lister, English author, poet and artist (d. 2014) 1914 - Emmett Ashford, American baseball umpire (d. 1980) 1916 – Michael Gough, British actor (d. 2011) 1919 - P. F. Strawson, British philosopher (d. 2006) 1921 – Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (d. 1960) 1922 - Vo Van Kiet, Vietnamese politician (d. 2008) 1922 - Joan Fuster, Spanish writer (d. 1992) 1922 – Manuel Fraga Iribarne, President of Spanish Galicia (d. 2012) 1923 - Daniel Brewster, American politician (d. 2007) 1925 - Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador (d. 1990) 1926 – Sathya Sai Baba, Indian religious and spiritual leader (d. 2011) 1927 - Angelo Sodano, Italian cardinal 1930 - Herberto Hélder, Portuguese poet (d. 2015) 1930 - Geeta Dutt, Indian singer (d. 1972) 1931 - Tosiwo Nakayama, Micronesian politician, 1st President of the Federated States of Micronesia (d. 2007) 1932 - Renato Martino, Italian cardinal 1933 – Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer 1934 - Lew Hoad, Australian tennis player (d. 1994) 1935 - Vladislav Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1971) 1935 - Volodymyr Sabodan, Ukrainian religious leader (d. 2014) 1935 - Jeremy Stone, American scientist and arms control activist (d. 2017) 1938 - Patrick Kelly, former Roman Catholic Archbishop of Liverpool 1939 - Betty Everett, American singer and pianist (d. 2001) 1940 - Luis Tiant, Cuban baseballer 1941 - Franco Nero, Italian actor 1943 – Andrew Goodman, American civil rights activist (d. 1964) 1943 - David Nolan, American activist (d. 2010) 1943 - Günther Beckstein, German politician, former Prime Minister of Bavaria 1943 - Sue Nicholls, English actress 1944 - Peter Lindbergh, German-French photographer and director (d. 2019) 1944 - Joe Eszterhas, Hungarian-American writer 1944 - James Toback, American screenwriter and movie director 1945 - Assi Dayan, Israeli actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2014) 1945 – Jim Doyle, American politician, former Governor of Wisconsin 1945 - Dennis Nilsen, Scottish serial killer (d. 2018) 1946 - Bobby Rush, American politician 1947 - Jean-Pierre Foucault, French television host 1948 - Reiner Calmund, German football official 1949 - Sandra Stevens, British singer 1950 - Chuck Schumer, American lawyer and politician 1951 1975 1953 - Francis Cabrel, French singer-songwriter and guitarist 1953 - Johan de Meij, Dutch trombonist, conductor and composer 1954 - Bruce Hornsby, American singer, songwriter and pianist 1954 – Ross Brawn, British Formula 1 team principal 1955 - Ludovico Einaudi, Italian composer and pianist 1955 - Mary Landrieu, American politician 1956 - Shane Gould, Australian swimmer 1957 - William Kaelin Jr., American physician and Nobel laureate 1959 - Dominique Dunne, American actress (d. 1982) 1962 - Nicolas Maduro, President of Venezuela 1963 - Andreas Schmidt, German actor (d. 2017) 1964 - Frank Rutherford, Bahamian triple jumper 1965 - Sergio Vázquez, Argentine footballer 1966 - Vincent Cassel, French actor 1966 - Kevin Gallacher, Scottish footballer 1966 - Russell Watson, English tenor 1968 - Robert Denmark, English athlete 1968 – Kirsty Young, Scottish television presenter 1968 - Hamid Hassani, Iranian linguist and lexicographer 1970 – Karsten Müller, German chess player and writer 1970 - Zoë Ball, English television presenter 1971 - Khalid Al-Muwallid, Saudi Arabian footballer 1971 - Chris Hardwick, American comedian, actor and TV host 1971 - Sajid Khan, Indian movie actor and director 1972 – Alf-Inge Haaland, Norwegian footballer 1974 - Saku Koivu, Finnish ice hockey player From 1976 1978 - Tommy Marth, American musician (d. 2012) 1979 – Nihat Kahveci, Turkish footballer 1979 – Kelly Brook, British actress and model 1979 - Ivica Kostelic, Croatian skier 1980 - Paulie Malignaggi, American boxer 1982 – Asafa Powell, Jamaican runner 1983 - Nasser Al-Shamrani, Saudi Arabian footballer 1984 – Lucas Grabeel, American actor, singer and songwriter 1984 - Amruta Khanvilkar, Indian actress 1985 - Victor Ahn, South Korean speed skater 1985 - Scott Brash, Scottish equestrian show-jumper 1987 - Kasia Struss, Polish model 1987 - Snooki, Chilean-born American reality television personality and author 1990 - Alena Leonova, Russian figure skater 1990 - Eddie Kim, South Korean singer-songwriter and guitarist 1992 – Miley Cyrus, American actress and singer (Hannah Montana) 1992 - Go Eun-bi, South Korean singer (d. 2014) 1996 - James Maddison, English footballer 1996 - Anna Yanovskaya, Russian ice dancer 1998 - Bradley Steven Perry, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 947 - Berthold, Duke of Bavaria (b. 900) 955 – Edred, King of England (b. c. 923) 1407 - Louis I, Duke of Orleans (b. 1372) 1457 - King Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1440) 1499 - Perkin Warbeck, English pretender, executed 1503 - Margaret of York (b. 1446) 1572 - Bronzino, Italian painter and poet (b. 1503) 1585 – Thomas Tallis, English composer (b. 1505) 1616 - Richard Hakluyt, English priest and author (b. 1552) 1814 – Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States (b. 1744) 1826 - Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (b. 1747) 1833 - Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French general and politician (b. 1762) 1864 – Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, German-born Russian astronomer (b. 1793) 1866 - Cave Johnson, American politician (b. 1793) 1890 – King William III of the Netherlands (b. 1817) 1901 2000 1902 – Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (b. 1851) 1910 - Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician and murderer (b. 1862) 1923 - Urmuz, Romanian judge and author (b. 1883) 1934 - Giovanni Brunero, Italian cyclist (b. 1895) 1937 - Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1858) 1941 - Horace F. Graham, American politician, Governor of Vermont (b. 1862) 1965 - Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium (b. 1876) 1966 – Séan T Ó Ceallaigh, 2nd President of Ireland (b. 1882) 1970 – Yusof bin Ishak, Singaporean politician (b. 1910) 1972 - Marie Wilson, American actress (b. 1916) 1973 - Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor, director and producer (b. 1889) 1974 - Massacre of Sixty in Ethiopia: Abiye Abebe, Ethiopian general and politician (b. 1918) Aman Andom, President of Ethiopia (b. 1924) Aklilu Habte-Wold, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (b. 1912) Asrate Medhin-Kassa, Ethiopian commander (b. 1922) Endelkachew Makonnen, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (b. 1927) 1976 - André Malraux, French theorist and author (b. 1901) 1979 - Merle Oberon, British actress (b. 1911) 1983 – Tom Evans, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1947) 1990 – Roald Dahl, Welsh writer (b. 1916) 1991 – Klaus Kinski, German actor (b. 1926) 1992 - Roy Acuff, American country musician (b. 1903) 1992 - Jean-François Thiriart, Belgian politician (b. 1922) 1995 - Louis Malle, French director (b. 1932) 1995 - Junior Walker, American singer and saxophonist (b. 1931) From 2001 2001 - Gerhard Stoltenberg, German politician (b. 1928) 2001 – Mary Whitehouse, British campaigner (b. 1910) 2002 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (b. 1911) 2005 - Constance Cummings, American-English actress (b. 1910) 2006 – Alexander Litvinenko, Russian spy (b. 1962) 2006 – Philippe Noiret, French actor (b. 1930) 2006 - Anita O'Day, American singer (b. 1919) 2006 - Willie Pep, American boxer (b. 1922) 2010 - Ingrid Pitt, British actress (b. 1937) 2011 – Montserrat Figueras, Spanish operatic soprano (b. 1942) 2012 - Larry Hagman, American actor (b. 1931) 2013 - Jay Leggett, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1963) 2014 - Marion Barry, American politician, Mayor of Washington, DC (b. 1936) 2014 - Dorothy Cheney, American tennis player (b. 1916) 2014 - Pat Quinn, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1943) 2015 - Yoram Tsafrir, Israeli archaeologist (b. 1938) 2015 - Manmeet Bhullar, Canadian politician (b. 1980) 2015 - Douglass North, American economist (b. 1920) 2015 - Dan Fante, American author and playwright (b. 1944) 2016 - Ralph Branca, American baseball player (b. 1926) 2016 - Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, Iranian cleric and jurist (b. 1926) 2016 - Rita Barbera, Spanish politician, former Mayor of Valencia (b. 1948) 2016 - Andrew Sachs, German-born English actor (b. 1930) 2017 - Stela Popescu, Romanian actress (b. 1935) 2018 - Kevin Austin, English-Trinidadian footballer (b. 1973) 2018 - Betty Bumpers, former First Lady of Arkansas (b. 1925) 2018 - Menahem Degani, Israeli basketball player (b. 1927) 2018 - Mick McGeough, Canadian ice hockey referee (b. 1956) 2018 - Bob McNair, American businessman (b. 1937) 2018 - Nicolas Roeg, English film director (b. 1928) 2018 - George Ty, Filipino banker (b. 1932) 2018 - Gerard Unger, Dutch graphic and type designer (b. 1942) 2019 - Asunción Balaguer, Spanish actress (b. 1925) 2019 - Francesc Gambús, Spanish politician (b. 1974) 2019 - Barbara Hillary, American adventurer (b. 1931) 2019 - Catherine Small Long, American politician (b. 1924) Holidays and observances Bahá'í Faith – Feast of Qawl (Speech) – First day of the 14th month of the Bahá'í calendar Georgia – St George's Day Japan – Kinro kansha no hi (Labour Thanksgiving Day) Slovenia – Rudolf Maister Day Days of the year

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November 20

Events Up to 1900 284 – Diocletian becomes Roman Emperor. 1194 - Palermo is conquered by Emperor Henry VI. 1272 – Following Henry III of England's death on November 16, his son Prince Edward becomes King of England. 1316 - King John I of France dies at the age of only 5 days old. 1695 - Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho. 1739 - Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear. 1776 - American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey. 1789 – New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights. 1805 - Ludwig van Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, is performed for the first time in Vienna. 1820 - An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the ship Essex, 2,000 miles from the west coast of South America. 1845 - Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado. 1861 - American Civil War: The Secession Ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate Governor. 1901 2000 1902 – Henri Desgrange and fellow journalist Géo Lefèvre dream up the idea of the Tour de France over lunch at the Cafe de Madrid in Paris. 1910 – From exile in Texas, Francisco I. Madero calls for a Revolution against the rule of Mexican President Porfirio Díaz, starting the Mexican Revolution. 1917 – Ukraine is declared a republic. 1917 - World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins. 1929 – Salvador Dalí, a Spanish artist, opens his first one-man show. 1936 - In Spain, José Antonio Primo de Rivera is killed by a Republican execution squad. 1940 – World War II: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers. 1942 – The Alaska Highway is opened to traffic. 1945 – Nuremberg Trials begin: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals of World War II start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. 1947 – The Princess Elizabeth marries Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten at Westminster Abbey in London. 1955 – Bo Diddley makes his TV debut on Ed Sullivan's Toast Of The Town show on CBS. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, US President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation. 1968 - 78 miners are killed in an explosion at Consolidated Coal Company's No. 9 mine in Farmington, West Virginia. 1969 – Vietnam War: The Cleveland Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Vietnam. 1974 - A Lufthansa Boeing 747-130 crashes during take-off from Nairobi, Kenya, killing 59 people. 1975 – Spanish dictator Francisco Franco dies, after more than three-and-a-half decades in power. 1977 – In a speech at the Knesset (Israel's parliament), Egypt's President Anwar Sadat recognises the state of Israel's right to exist. 1979 - Grand Mosque Seizure: 200 Sunni Muslims revolt in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam, during the Pilgrimage, taking about 6,000 hostages. French special forces help Saudi Arabia to put down the uprising. 1985 – Microsoft Windows 1.0 is released. 1989 - Velvet Revolution: The number of protesters in Prague, then the capital city of Czechoslovakia, increases to an estimated 500,000. 1991 - An Azrebaijani MI-8 helicopter carrying 19 people - members of a peacekeeping team and journalists from Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan - is shot down by Armenian military forces in Khojavend district of Azerbaijan. 1992 – Windsor Castle, one of the residences of Elizabeth II, is damaged by fire. 1993 - A plane crash near Ohrid, present-day Republic of Macedonia, kills 115 people, with only one person on board surviving. 1994 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war (in 1995 localized fighting resumed). 1998 – A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regards to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. 2000 – Honda introduces the humanoid robot ASIMO. From 2001 2003 – A second set of bombings in five days hits Istanbul, with the British Consulate as one of the targets. 27 people are killed. 2008 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level since 1997. 2009 - The Large Hadron Collider is switched back on, after faults caused it to be shut down over a year earlier. 2011 – Mariano Rajoy is elected Prime Minister in Spain, as the Partido Popular wins the most seats in parliament. 2015 - 19 people are killed in a terrorist attack and siege on a hotel in Bamako, Mali. 2016 - Pukhrayan train derailment: At least 146 people are killed when a train derails (comes off the rail track) near Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2019 - Prince Andrew, Duke of York announces that he is withdrawing from public duties because of the controversy surrounding his friendship with the financier and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Births Up to 1900 270 – Maximinus, Roman Emperor (d. 313) 1602 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist (d. 1686) 1620 - Avvakum, Russian priest and saint (d. 1682) 1715 - Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (d. 1799) 1750 – Tipu Sultan, Indian ruler (d. 1799) 1761 – Pope Pius VIII (d. 1830) 1765 - Thomas Fremantle, English naval officer (d. 1819) 1787 - Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse, German inventor (d. 1867) 1801 - Mungo Ponton, Scottish inventor (d. 1880) 1825 - Antonio de Serpa Pimentel, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1900) 1841 - Victor D'Hondt, Belgian jurist (d. 1901) 1841 – Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1919) 1851 – Margherita of Savoy, Queen of Italy (d. 1926) 1858 – Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature winner (d. 1940) 1860 - José Figueroa Alcorta, 16th President of Argentina (d. 1931) 1862 - Georges Palante, French philosopher, author and anarchist (d. 1925) 1866 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American judge and baseball commissioner (d. 1944) 1867 - Patrick Joseph Hayes, Archbishop of New York City (d. 1938) 1869 – Zinaida Gippius, Russian poet and writer (d. 1945) 1873 - Ramon Castillo, President of Argentina (d. 1944) 1873 - Walter Evans Edge, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1956) 1874 - James Michael Curley, 53rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1958) 1875 - Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg, German diplomat and Resistance activist (d. 1944) 1877 - Herbert Pitman, English 3rd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1968) 1880 - Walter Brack, German swimmer (d. 1919) 1880 - George McBride, American baseball player (d. 1973) 1886 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist (d. 1982) 1889 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (d. 1953) 1892 – James Collip, Canadian biochemist (d. 1965) 1896 – Chiyono Hasegawa, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2011) 1900 - Chester Gould, American cartoonist (d. 1985) 1901 1950 1902 – Gianpiero Combi, Italian footballer (d. 1956) 1902 - Erik Eriksen, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1972) 1903 - Alexandra Danilova, Russian ballerina (d. 1997) 1904 - John MacCormick, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 1961) 1908 - Alistair Cooke, British-born American journalist (d. 2004) 1911 - Jean Shiley, American high jumper (d. 1958) 1912 – Otto von Habsburg, Austrian aristocrat, nobleman and politician (d. 2011) 1913 - Judy Canova, American actress (d. 1986) 1913 - Kostas Choumis, Greek footballer (d. 1981) 1914 - Emilio Pucci, Italian fashion designer and politician (d. 1993) 1915 – Kon Ichikawa, Japanese movie director (d. 2008) 1916 - Michael J. Ingelido, American air force general (d. 2015) 1917 - Bobby Locke, South African golfer (d. 1987) 1917 – Robert Byrd, American politician (d. 2010) 1919 - Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (d. 2012) 1920 - Shlomo Erell, Israeli military general (d. 2018) 1921 - Jim Garrison, American attorney and judge (d. 1992) 1923 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer and activist, Nobel Prize in Literature winner (d. 2014) 1924 – Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish-born French-American mathematician (d. 2010) 1924 - Karen Harup, Danish swimmer (d. 2009) 1925 – Robert F. Kennedy, American politician (d. 1968) 1925 - Kaye Ballard, American actress and singer (d. 2019) 1925 - Maya Plisetskaya, Russian ballerina and choreographer (d. 2015) 1925 - George Barris, American automobile designer (d. 2015) 1927 - Estelle Parsons, American actress 1927 - Wolfgang Schreyer, German writer (d. 2017) 1927 - Mikhail Ulyanov, Russian actor (d. 2007) 1928 - Aleksey Batalov, Russian actor and movie director (d. 2017) 1929 - Don January, American golfer 1930 - Bernard Horsfall, English actor (d. 2013) 1932 - Richard Dawson, British-born American actor and game show host (d. 2012) 1934 - Jimmy Millar, Scottish footballer 1935 – Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (d. 2011) 1936 - Charles R. Larson, American admiral (d. 2014) 1937 - Viktoriya Tokareva, Russian playwright 1937 - Eero Mantyranta, Finnish skier (d. 2013) 1939 – Dick Smothers, American comedian (The Smothers Brothers) 1939 - Copi, Argentine comic artist and author (d. 1987) 1940 - Arieh Warshel, Israeli-American chemist, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1940 - Helma Sanders-Brahms, German movie director, screenwriter, producer and actress (d. 2014) 1941 - Dr. John, American musician (d. 2019) 1941 - Haseena Moin, Pakistani screenwriter and playwright 1942 – Joe Biden, 47th Vice President of the United States/soon-to-be 46th President of the United States 1942 - Bob Einstein, American actor (d. 2019) 1942 - Norman Greenbaum, American singer-songwriter 1942 - Meredith Monk, American composer and choreographer 1943 – Veronica Hamel, American actress 1944 - Donald DiFrancesco, American politician, 51st Governor of New Jersey 1945 - Nanette Workman, American-Canadian singer-songwriter and actress 1946 - Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow 1946 - Duane Allman, American guitarist (d. 1971) 1947 - Joe Walsh, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor 1948 - John R. Bolton, American politician and diplomat 1948 - Barbara Hendricks, American-Swedish soprano 1948 - Richard Masur, American actor 1949 - Ulf Lundell, Swedish singer and musician 1951 1975 1951 - David Walters, American politician, 24th Governor of Oklahoma 1954 - Aneka, Scottish folk singer 1954 - Berit Andnor, Swedish politician 1956 – Bo Derek, American actress 1956 - Gareth Chilcott, English rugby player 1957 – Goodluck Jonathan, former President of Nigeria 1957 - Wylie Stateman, American sound editor 1957 - John Eriksen, Danish footballer (d. 2002) 1959 - James P. McGovern, American politician 1959 - Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst, German Roman Catholic Bishop, of Limburg 1959 - Diane James, English politician, leader of UKIP for 18 days in 2016 1961 - Tim Harvey, British racing driver 1962 - Gerardo Martino, Argentine footballer and manager 1963 - Timothy Gowers, British mathematician 1963 - Wan Yanhai, Chinese activist 1964 - Doug Ford, Canadian politician, 26th Premier of Ontario 1965 - Yoshiki, Japanese musician, songwriter and producer 1965 - Sen Dog, Cuban rapper 1965 – Mike D, American hip hop musician 1968 - Tommy Asinga, Surinamese track athlete 1970 – Matt Blunt, American politician, former Governor of Missouri 1970 - Melissa Disney, American actress 1970 - Sabrina Lloyd, American actress 1970 - Phife Dawg, American rapper (d. 2016) 1971 – Joel McHale, American actor and comedian 1973 - Neil Hodgson, English motorcycle racer From 1976 1976 – Ji Yun-nam, North Korean footballer 1977 - Fábio Júnior Pereira, Brazilian footballer 1978 – Nadine Velazquez, American actress and model 1979 – Dmitri Bulykin, Russian footballer 1980 - Malachy Tallack, Scottish singer-songwriter, journalist and writer 1981 - Carlos Boozer, American basketball player 1981 - Espen Hoff, Norwegian footballer 1981 – Kimberley Walsh, English singer (Girls Aloud) 1982 - Nathan Vetterlein, American voice actor and Internet personality 1984 – Justin Hoyte, English footballer 1985 – Dan Byrd, American actor 1986 - Jared Followill, American musician 1988 - Rhys Wakefield, Australian actor 1988 - Roberto Rosales, Venezuelan footballer 1989 - Eduardo Vargas, Chilean footballer 1989 - Cody Linley, American actor 1993 - Sumire Sato, Japanese singer (AKB48) 1995 - Michael Clifford, Australian singer, 5 Seconds of Summer. 2000 – Connie Talbot, British singer 2002 - Madisyn Shipman, American actress Deaths Up to 1900 811 - Li Fan, Chinese statesman (b. 754) 869 - Edmund of East Anglia (b. 841) 996 - Richard I, Duke of Normandy (b. 938) 1316 - King John I of France (b. November 15, 1316) 1559 – Lady Frances Brandon, mother of Jane Grey, Queen of England (b. 1517) 1591 - Christopher Hatton, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1540) 1662 - Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (b. 1614) 1695 - Zumbi, Brazilian King (b. 1655) 1737 – Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of George II of Great Britain (b. 1683) 1742 – Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (b. 1661) 1758 - Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish composer (b. 1694) 1764 - Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (b. 1690) 1778 - Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726) 1856 - Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1775) 1894 – Anton Rubinstein, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1829) 1901 2000 1907 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (b. 1876) 1908 - Georgy Voronoy, Russian mathematician (b. 1868) 1910 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1828) 1925 – Alexandra of Denmark, Queen of the United Kingdom (b. 1844) 1934 - Willem de Sitter, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1877) 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (b. 1896) 1936 – José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish politician (b. 1903) 1938 - Enzo Matsunaga, Japanese writer (b. 1895) 1938 – Maud of Wales, Queen of Norway (b. 1869) 1945 – Francis William Aston, British chemist (b. 1877) 1950 - Francesco Gilea, Italian composer (b. 1866) 1952 - Benedetto Croce, Italian philosopher (b. 1866) 1957 - Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian-Lithuanian painter (b. 1875) 1975 – Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator (b. 1892) 1978 - Giorgio de Chirico, Italian-Greek painter (b. 1888) 1980 – John McEwen, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900) 1984 - Kristian Djurhuus, 2nd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1895) 1984 - Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Pakistani poet (b. 1911) 1989 - Leonardo Sciascia, Italian writer (b. 1921) 1998 - Galina Starovoytova, Russian politician (b. 1946) 1999 – Amintore Fanfani, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1908) From 2001 2003 – David Dacko, Central African politician (b. 1930) 2003 - Robert Addie, British actor (b. 1960) 2005 - Chris Whitley, American musician (b. 1960) 2006 – Robert Altman, American director (b. 1925) 2007 – Ian Smith, Rhodesian politician (b. 1919) 2008 - Boris Fyodorov, Russian economist and politician (b. 1958) 2009 – Lino Lacedelli, Italian mountaineer (b. 1925) 2012 - David O'Brien Martin, American politician (b. 1944) 2013 - Dieter Hildebrandt, German performer (b. 1927) 2013 - Pavel Bobek, Czech singer (b. 1937) 2013 - Sylvia Browne, American author (b. 1936) 2013 - Joseph Paul Franklin, American serial killer (b. 1950) 2014 - Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, Spanish aristocrat (b. 1926) 2014 - Charlie Hall, American politician (b. 1930) 2014 - Marian Brown, American media personality (b. 1927) 2015 - Kitanoumi Toshimitsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1953) 2015 - Keith Michell, Australian actor (b. 1926) 2015 - Carlos Oroza, Spanish poet (b. 1923) 2016 - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (b. 1926) 2017 - Terry Glenn, American football player (b. 1974) 2017 - John Gordon, English author (b. 1925) 2017 - Peter Berling, German actor and writer (b. 1934) 2018 - Roy Bailey, American folk singer and guitarist (b. 1935) 2018 - James H. Billington, American academic (b. 1929) 2018 - Eddie C. Campbell, American blues singer and guitarist (b. 1939) 2018 - Mac Collins, American politician (b. 1944) 2018 - Shlomo Erell, Israeli military general (b. 1920) 2018 - Anvar Khamei, Iranian sociologist, economist and journalist (b. 1917) 2018 - Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-British chemist and biophysicist (b. 1926) 2019 - Fábio Barreto, Brazilian film director (b. 1957) 2019 - Fred Cox, American football player (b. 1938) 2019 - Mary L. Good, American chemist (b. 1931) 2019 - Amos Lapidot, Israeli fighter pilot (b. 1934) 2019 - John Mann, Canadian actor, singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1962) 2019 - John Martin, American racing driver (b. 1939) 2019 - Wataru Misaka, American basketball player (b. 1923) Observances Revolution Day (Mexico) Teacher's Day (Vietnam) Day of National Sovereignty (Argentina) Black Awareness Day (Brazil) Universal Children's Day (United Nations) Transgender Day of Remembrance Days of the year

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November 27

Events Up to 1900 25 - Louyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 176 - Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of 'Imperator'. 511 - The Kingdom of the Franks is divided between Theodoric I, Chlodomer I, Childebert I and Chlothar I. 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade. 1703 - The Great Storm of 1703 affecting Great Britain destroys the first Eddystone Lighthouse. 1727 - The foundation stone is laid for Jerusalem's Church of Berlin. 1807 - Portugal's Royal Family leaves Lisbon to escape from Napoleonic troops. 1815 – Adoption of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland. 1830 - Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Saint Catherine Labouré in Paris, originating the creation of the sacred medal which came to be known as the Miraculous Medal. 1839 - The American Statistical Association is founded in Boston, Massachusetts. 1856 - Coup of 1856 in Luxembourg. 1863 - American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio Penitentiary Prison and return safely to the South. 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Mine Run. 1886 – German judge Emil Hartwich suffers fatal injuries in a duel. The incident becomes the background for Theodor Fontane's novel Effi Briest. 1895 – Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, leading to the establishment of the Nobel Prizes. 1901 2000 1901 - The United States Army War College is created. 1912 – Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco. 1924 – In New York City the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held. 1934 - Bank robber Baby Face Nelson is killed in a shoot-out with the FBI. 1940 - World War II: Members of the Fascist Iron Guard kill 60 allies of King Carol II of Romania, and dissidents. 1942 - World War II: At Toulon, the French navy destroys its ships and submarines to protect them from German attack. 1944 - The RAF Fauld Explosion at a Royal Air Force dump in Staffordshire, England, kills 70 people. 1945 - A magnitude 8.2 earthquake in Iran kills 4,000 people. 1954 - Alger Hiss is released from prison after serving 44 months for perjury. 1957 – Cold War: Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appeals to the United States and the Soviet Union to end nuclear testing and to start nuclear disarmament. 1963 - A Trans-Canada Douglas DC-8 crashes in Montreal, killing all 118 people on board. 1968 - Penny Ann Early becomes the first woman to play major professional basketball. 1971 - The Soviet space program's Mars 2 orbiter lands on the planet Mars. 1973 – The United States Senate votes 92 to 3 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States (on December 6, the House confirmed him 387 to 35). 1975 – Guinness Book of World Records co-founder Ross McWhirter is shot dead by members of the Provisional IRA. 1978 – The Mayor of San Francisco George Moscone and his supervisor Harvey Milk are killed by former supervisor Dan White. 1978 – The Kurdish PKK terror group is founded in Riha (Urfa), Turkey. 1983 – Avianca Flight 011, a Boeing 747, crashes near Madrid Barajas Airport, killing 181 people. 1989 – Avianca Flight 203, a Boeing 727, explodes over Colombia, killing all 107 on board and 3 people on the ground. The Medellin drug Cartel claims responsibility. 1990 – The British Conservative Party chooses John Major to succeed Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 1990 – Appenzell Innerrhoden becomes the last Canton in Switzerland to give women the right to vote. 1991 – The United Nations Security Council adopts UN Security Council Resolution 721, leading the way to the establishment of peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia. 1992 - For the second time in a year, military forces try to overthrow President Carlos Andrés Pérez of Venezuela. 1997 - 25 people are killed in the second Souhane Massacre in Algeria. 1999 – Helen Clark becomes the first elected female Prime Minister in New Zealand's history. From 2001 2001 - A hydrogen atmosphere is discovered on the extrasolar planet Osinis by the Hubble Space Telescope. 2001 - Anders Fogh Rasmussen becomes Prime Minister of Denmark. 2005 – The first partial human face transplant is successfully completed in Amiens, France. 2006 – The Canadian House of Commons endorses Prime Minister Stephen Harper's motion to declare Quebec a nation within a unified Canada. 2009 – A passenger train is derailed by a bomb between Moscow and St. Petersburg, killing 28 people. 2011 - Wales national football team manager Gary Speed commits suicide, aged 42. 2014 - Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes dies aged 25, as a result of being hit on the neck by a ball two days earlier. 2018 - Ukraine declares martial law after an armed incident in which the Russian Federal Security Service coast guard fired on and captured three Ukrainian Navy vessels attempting to cross from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov through the Kerch Strait. 2019 - A crackdown on protesters in Iraq results in at least 24 deaths. Births Up to 1850 1127 – Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Emperor of China (d. 1194) 1380 - King Ferdinand I of Aragon (d. 1416) 1576 - Shimazu Tadatsune, Japanese daimyo (d. 1638) 1582 – Pierre Dupuy, French scholar (d. 1651) 1630 - Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria (d. 1665) 1684 – Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate (d. 1781) 1701 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer, creator of the Celsius temperature scale (d. 1744) 1715 – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost, German physician and theologian (d. 1794) 1746 – Robert Livingston, American politician and businessman (d. 1813) 1746 - Increase Sumner, 5th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1799) 1754 – Georg Forster, German scientist (d. 1794) 1779 - Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre, French general and politician (d. 1865) 1804 - Julius Benedict, German-English conductor and composer (d. 1885) 1809 - Fanny Kemble, English actress, playwright and poet (d. 1893) 1831 – Gustav Radde, German geographer and naturalist (d. 1903) 1833 - Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (d. 1897) 1843 – Elizabeth Stride, victim of Jack the Ripper (d. 1888) 1851 1900 1854 - Louis de Geer, 17th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1935) 1857 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English doctor, won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1952) 1865 - Janez Evangelist Krek, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1917) 1867 – Charles Koechlin, French composer (d. 1950) 1870 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, 7th President of Finland (d. 1956) 1871 - Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist (d. 1950) 1874 – Chaim Weizmann, first President of Israel (d. 1952) 1876 – Viktor Kaplan, Austrian engineer (d. 1934) 1878 - Charles Dvorak, American pole vaulter (d. 1969) 1884 - Vasile Voiculescu, Romanian poet (d. 1963) 1885 - Liviu Rebreanu, Romanian author and playwright (d. 1944) 1887 - Masaharu Homma, Japanese general (d. 1946) 1888 - Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Indian politician, 1st Speaker of the Lok Sabha (d. 1956) 1891 - Pedro Salinas, Spanish writer (d. 1951) 1892 - Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia (d. 1914) 1894 – Konosuke Matsushita, Japanese industrialist (d. 1989) 1894 - Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and author (d. 1977) 1894 - Amphilochius of Pochayiv, Ukrainian monk and saint (d. 1971) 1896 - Prince Sigismund of Prussia (d. 1978) 1897 - Vito Genovese, Italian-American mobster (d. 1969) 1901 1950 1903 – Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist (d. 1976) 1908 - Tameo Ide, Japanese footballer (d. 1998) 1909 - James Agee, American author and screenwriter (d. 1955) 1909 - Anatoly Maltsev, Russian mathematician (d. 1967) 1911 - David Merrick, American theatre producer (d. 2000) 1912 - Connie Sawyer, American actress (d. 2018) 1917 - Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (d. 1998) 1918 - Borys Paton, Ukrainian engineer and scientist 1920 – Abe Lenstra, Dutch footballer (d. 1985) 1920 – Buster Merryfield, English actor (d. 1999) 1921 – Alexander Dubcek, Czechoslovakian politician (d. 1992) 1923 – Juvenal Amarijo, Brazilian footballer (d. 2009) 1925 – Ernie Wise, English comedian (d. 1999) 1927 - William E. Simon, 63rd United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 2000) 1929 - Arnold Clark, Scottish businessman (d. 2017) 1932 – Benigno Aquino, Jr., Filipino politician (d. 1983) 1934 - Al Jackson, Jr., American drummer, songwriter and producer (d. 1975) 1934 - Gilbert Strong, American mathematician 1935 - Les Blank, American director and producer (d. 2013) 1935 - Daniel Charles, French philosopher (d. 2008) 1936 - Joel Barcellos, Brazilian actor (d. 2018) 1937 - Rodney Bewes, English actor (d. 2017) 1938 - Apolo Nsibambi, former Prime Minister of Uganda (d. 2019) 1939 - Dave Giusti, American baseball player 1939 – Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 2001) 1940 – Bruce Lee, Chinese-American actor and martial arts expert (d. 1973) 1941 – Aimé Jacquet, French footballer and coach 1941 - Louis van Dijk, Dutch pianist 1942 – Jimi Hendrix, American guitarist (d. 1970) 1942 - Henry Carr, American athlete 1945 - Barbara Anderson, American actress 1945 - James Avery, American actor (d. 2013) 1945 - Benigno Fitial, 7th Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands 1946 - Kim Howells, British politician 1946 - Richard Codey, American politician, 53rd Governor of New Jersey 1947 - Don Adams, American basketball player 1947 - Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti 1950 - Gavyn Davies, English businessman 1951 1975 1951 – Kathryn Bigelow, American movie director 1951 - Vera Fischer, Brazilian actress 1951 - Ivars Godmanis, former Prime Minister of Latvia 1951 - Luis Lusquiños, Argentine politician (d. 2017) 1952 – Daryl Stuermer, American guitarist (Genesis) 1952 - Sheila Copps, Canadian politician 1952 - Bappi Lahiri, Indian director and singer 1952 - James D. Wetherbee, American astronaut 1953 - Curtis Armstrong, American actor 1953 - Boris Grebenshchikov, Russian musician 1953 - Steve Bannon, American media executive (Breitbart News) and former White House Chief Strategist 1954 - Arthur Smith, English comedian and actor 1955 – Bill Nye, American engineer and broadcaster 1955 - Pierre Mondou, Canadian ice hockey player 1956 – Lionello Manfredoni, Italian footballer 1956 – William Fichtner, American actor 1957 – Caroline Bouvier Kennedy, daughter of John F. Kennedy 1957 - Kenny Acheson, Northern Irish racing driver 1958 - Mike Scioscia, American baseball player 1959 – Charlie Burchill, Scottish musician (Simple Minds) 1959 - Victoria Mullova, Russian violinist 1960 – Eike Immel, German footballer 1960 – Tim Pawlenty, American politician, former Governor of Minnesota 1960 – Yulia Tymoshenko, Ukrainian politician, former Prime Minister of Ukraine 1960 - Michael Rispoli, American actor 1960 - Gianni Vernetti, Italian politician 1960 - Nigel Marven, British television presenter and zoologist 1961 – Samantha Bond, British actress 1961 - Steve Oedekerk, American actor, director and screenwriter 1961 - Norbert Dickel, German footballer 1963 - Fisher Stevens, American actor, director and producer 1964 – Roberto Mancini, Italian footballer and coach 1964 - Ronit Elkabetz, Israeli actress (d. 2016) 1964 - Giles Fraser, English Church of England priest, journalist and broadcaster 1964 - Robin Givens, American actress 1965 - Rachida Dati, French politician 1966 – Andy Merrill, American voice actor 1967 - Shane Embury, English musician 1968 - Michael Vartan, French-American actor 1970 - Brooke Langton, American actress 1971 - Troy Corser, Australian motorcycle racer 1972 - Shane Salerno, American screenwriter and producer 1973 – Vratislav Lokvenc, Czech footballer 1974 - Wendy Houvenaghel, Northern Irish cyclist From 1976 1976 – Jaleel White, American actor 1978 – Jimmy Rollins, American baseball player 1978 – The Streets, English rapper 1978 – Radek Stepanek, Czech footballer 1979 – Hilary Hahn, American violinist 1979 – Teemu Tainio, Finnish footballer 1979 - Shin Hye-sung, South Korean singer 1980 - Jackie Greene, American singer-songwriter and musician 1981 - Bruno Alves, Portuguese footballer 1981 – Matthew Taylor, English footballer 1982 - Tatsuya Tanaka, Japanese footballer 1982 - Alexander Kerzhakov, Russian footballer 1982 - Tommy Robinson, English activist, former leader of the English Defence League 1983 – Professor Green, English rapper 1984 - Sanna Nielsen, Swedish singer 1985 - Alison Pill, Canadian actress 1985 - Lauren C. Mayhew, American actress and singer 1986 - Suresh Kumar Raina, Indian cricketer 1987 - Yuria Haga, Japanese actress 1987 - Tom Allin, English cricketer (d. 2016) 1990 – Josh Dubovie, English singer 1990 - Shane Haboucha, American actor 1992 - Park Chan-yeol, South Korean singer and dancer 1996 - Amanda Todd, American victim of cyberbullying (d. 2012) Deaths Up to 1900 8 BC – Horace, Roman Emperor (b. 65 BC) 395 - Ruffinus, Roman statesman 450 - Galla Placidia, Roman daughter of Theodosius I (b. 392) 511 – Clovis I, King of the Franks (c. 466) 602 - Maurice, Byzantine Emperor (b. 539) 1198 - Constance, Queen of Sicily (b. 1154) 1252 - Blanche of Castile, Spanish consort of King Louis VIII of France (b. 1188) 1474 – Guillaume Dufay, French-Flemish composer (b. 1397) 1570 - Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1486) 1592 – King John III of Sweden (b. 1537) 1661 - Teofila Zofia Sobieska, Polish noblewoman (b. 1607) 1664 – Francisco Pacheco, Spanish painter (b. 1564) 1680 – Athanasius Kircher, German Jesuit scholar (b. 1601) 1700 - Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615) 1811 - Andrew Meikle, Scottish engineer (b. 1719) 1852 – Ada Lovelace, English mathematician (b. 1815) 1888 - Wilhelm Hertenstein, Swiss politician (b. 1825) 1894 – Johanna von Puttkamer, Prussian noblewoman, wife of Otto von Bismarck (b. 1824) 1895 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French writer (b. 1824) 1899 - Constant Fornerod, Swiss politician (b. 1819) 1901 2000 1916 - Emile Verhaeren, Belgian poet (b. 1855) 1919 - Manuel Espinosa, President of Panama (b. 1857) 1934 - Baby Face Nelson, American bank robber (b. 1908) 1936 – Basil Zaharoff, Greek arms dealer (b. 1849) 1937 - Felix Hamrin, shortest-serving Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1875) 1940 - Nicolae Iorga, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1871) 1944 - Leonid Mandelshtam, Russian physicist (b. 1879) 1953 – Eugene O'Neill, American writer (b. 1888) 1955 – Arthur Honegger, French-born Swiss composer (b. 1892) 1958 - Georgi Damyanov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1892) 1960 - Dirk Jan de Geer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1870) 1967 – Léon Mba, President of Gabon (b. 1902) 1971 - Joe Guyon, American football player (b. 1892) 1975 – Ross McWhirter, British co-founder of the Guinness Book of World Records (b. 1925) 1978 – Harvey Milk, American politician (b. 1930) 1978 – George Moscone, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1929) 1981 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (b. 1898) 1988 – Angela Aames, American actress (b. 1956) 1988 – John Carradine, American actor (b. 1906) 1989 - Carlos Arias Navarro, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1908) 1998 - Barbara Acklin, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943) 1999 - Alain Peyrefitte, French politician and writer (b. 1925) 2000 - Willie Cunningham, Scottish footballer (b. 1925) 2000 – Len Shackleton, English footballer (b. 1922) From 2001 2005 – Jocelyn Brando, American actress (b. 1919) 2006 – Alan Freeman, English disc jockey known by his nickname 'Fluff' (b. 1927) 2008 – V. P. Singh, former Prime Minister of India (b. 1931) 2010 – Irvin Kershner, American director (b. 1923) 2011 – Gary Speed, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1969) 2011 – Ken Russell, English movie director (b. 1927) 2013 - Nílton Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1925) 2013 - Lewis Collins, English actor (b. 1946) 2014 - Phillip Hughes, Australian cricketer (b. 1988) 2014 - P. D. James, English writer (b. 1920) 2015 - Philippe Washer, Belgian tennis player (b. 1924) 2015 - Maurice Strong, Canadian businessman and diplomat (b. 1929) 2016 - Ioannis Grivas, Greek politician (b. 1923) 2017 - Loïc Bouvard, French politician (b. 1929) 2017 - Bill Harris, American politician (b. 1934) 2017 - James Kisicki, American actor (b. 1938) 2017 - Bud Moore, American racing driver (b. 1925) 2017 - Cristina Stamate, Romanian actress (b. 1946) 2018 - Harold O. Levy, American lawyer and philanthropist (b. 1952) 2018 - Ed Pastor, American politician (b. 1943) 2018 - V. K. Rao, Indian civil servant (b. 1914) 2018 - Barbara Brooks Wallace, American writer (b. 1922) 2019 - Stefan Danailov, Bulgarian actor (b. 1942) 2019 - Clay Evans, American pastor and civil rights activist (b. 1925) 2019 - Maarit Feldt-Ranta, Finnish politician (b. 1968) 2019 - Godfrey Gao, Taiwanese-Canadian model and actor (b. 1984) 2019 - Jaegwon Kim, Korean-American philosopher (b. 1934) 2019 - Sushil Kumar, Indian admiral (b. 1940) 2019 - Jonathan Miller, English theatre director, opera director and physician (b. 1934) 2019 - Agnes Baker Pilgrim, American Takelma elder (b. 1924) 2019 - William Ruckelshaus, American attorney and US Government official (b. 1932) 2019 - Bala Singh, Indian actor (b. 1952) 2019 - Sam Watson, Australian indigenous activist, politician and writer (b. 1952) Observances Lancashire Day Earliest Day for the start of Advent Days of the year

10091

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2029

November 29

Events Up to 1900 561 - King Chlothar I dies at Compiegne, the Merovingian dynasty is continued by his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, who divide the Frankish kingdom. 800 - Charlemagne arrives in Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Pope Leo III. 939 - Edmund I is crowned King of England. 1394 - Korean king Yi Seong-gye, founder of the Joseon Dynasty, moves the capital city from Kaesong to Hanyang, present-day Seoul. 1729 - Natchez Native Americans massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women and 56 children at Fort Rosalie near present-day Natchez, Mississippi. 1777 – San Jose, California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California. 1781 - The crew of British slave ship Zong murders 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance. 1783 - A magnitude 5.3 earthquake strikes New Jersey. 1830 - November Uprising: An armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland begins. 1847 - The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under Guillaume-Henri Dufour. 1850 - The "Punctation of Olmütz" treaty is signed. Prussia surrenders to Austria, which will take over the leadership of the German Confederation. 1864 – Indian Wars: Colorado volunteers, led by Colonel Chivington, massacre at least 150 people from the Cheyenne and Arapaho groups, who were unarmed, inside Colorado Territory. 1864 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Spring Hill, in the Confederate advance into Tennessee, the Confederates fail to crush the Union Army. 1877 – Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time. 1885 - End of the Third Anglo-Burmese War and the Burmese monarchy. 1890 – The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan. 1899 - FC Barcelona is founded by Joan Gamper. 1901 2000 1922 – Howard Carter opened the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun ("King Tut") to the public. 1929 - US Admiral Richard E. Byrd leads the first expedition to the South Pole. 1943 - World War II: The second session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the Liberation of Yugoslavia, held to determine the post-war ordering of the country, concludes in Jajce, present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1944 – World War II: Albania is liberated by Albanian partisans. 1945 – The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is declared. 1947 – The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine. 1950 – Korean War: North Korean and Chinese troops force United Nations forces to retreat from North Korea. 1952 – Korean War: U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a campaign promise by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict. 1961 - Project Mercury: The Mercury-Atlas 5 mission - Enos, a chimpanzee, is launched into space. 1963 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. 1963 – Trans-Canada Airlines Flight 831, a Douglas DC-8, crashes near Montreal shortly after take-off, killing 118 people. 1965 - The Canadian Space Agency launches the satellite Alouette 2. 1967 - The Sempor Dam breaks on the island of Java, flooding the town of Kebumen, killing between 160 and 200 people. 1967 – Vietnam War: US Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resigns. 1972 - Atari announces the release of Pong, the first commercially successful video game. 1975 – The name "Micro-soft" (for "microcomputer software") is first used in a letter from Bill Gates to Paul Allen. 1982 – The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that Soviet Union forces should withdraw from Afghanistan. 1987 – Korean Air Flight 858 explodes over the Thai-Burmese border, killing 155 people. 1990 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678, allowing military action in Iraq if that nation did not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by January 15, 1991. From 2001 2007 – Martinique is struck by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake. 2008 – The 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks come to an end after a stand-off at the Taj Mahal Hotel. 2009 - Rwanda joins the Commonwealth of Nations. It is the second country, after Mozambique, to join despite having no colonial links to the United Kingdom. 2012 - The UN General Assembly approves a motion granting Palestine non-member observer status. 2013 - LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470 crashes in northeastern Namibia, killing all 34 people on board. 2013 - A police helicopter crashes into a pub in Glasgow, Scotland, killing all three people on board, and seven people in the pub, including one who died nearly two weeks later. 2017 - Bosnian-Croatian politician and general Slobodan Praljak dies after drinking cyanide at the end of his war crimes trial in The Hague. 2019 - Two people are stabbed and killed in the 2019 London Bridge stabbing; a separate stabbing in The Hague a few hours later injures three people. Births Up to 1900 1338 – Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (d. 1368) 1427 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (d. 1464) 1484 - Joachim Vadian, Swiss physician, scholar and politician (d. 1551) 1711 - Laura Bassi, Italian scientist (d. 1778) 1781 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet and philosopher (d. 1865) 1787 - Ramon Freire, President of Chile (d. 1851) 1797 – Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d. 1848) 1798 - Ramón Freire, President of Chile (d. 1851) 1798 - Alexander Brullov, Russian painter (d. 1877) 1798 - Hamilton Rowan Gamble, 16th Governor of Missouri (d. 1864) 1799 – Amos Bronson Alcott, American writer and educator (d. 1888) 1802 – Wilhelm Hauff, German poet (d. 1827) 1803 – Christian Doppler, Austrian physicist (d. 1853) 1803 – Gottfried Semper, German architect (d. 1879) 1816 - Morrison Waite, American jurist and politician (d. 1888) 1818 - William Ellery Channing, American poet (d. 1901) 1823 - La Fayette Grover, 4th Governor of Oregon (d. 1911) 1825 – Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist (d. 1893) 1832 – Louisa May Alcott, American writer (d. 1888) 1835 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d. 1908) 1839 - Ludwig Anzengruber, Austrian writer (d. 1889) 1842 - William E. Cameron, Governor of Virginia (d. 1927) 1843 - Gertrude Jekyll, English horticulturist and painter (d. 1932) 1849 - John Ambrose Fleming, English physicist and engineer (d. 1945) 1850 - Agostino Richelmy, Italian cardinal (d. 1923) 1856 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1921) 1857 – Theodor Escherich, German-Austrian physician and bacteriologist (d. 1911) 1862 - Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (d. 1934) 1874 – Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician (d. 1955) 1876 – Nellie Tayloe Ross, 14th Governor of Wyoming (d. 1977) 1878 - John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (d. 1938) 1879 - Jacob Gade, Danish composer (d. 1963) 1880 - Nora Bayes, American singer (d. 1928) 1882 - Henri Fabre, French pilot (d. 1984) 1888 - Joe Slater, Australian footballer and captain (d. 1917) 1891 - Julius Raab, 19th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1964) 1895 – Busby Berkeley, American director and choreographer (d. 1976) 1895 – William Tubman, President of Liberia (d. 1971) 1896 - Yakima Canutt, American actor, stuntman and director (d. 1986) 1898 – C. S. Lewis, Irish writer (d. 1963) 1899 - Andrija Artukovic, Croatian lawyer and politician (d. 1988) 1899 - Emma Morano, Italian supercentenarian (d. 2017) 1901 1950 1901 - Mildred Harris, American actress (d. 1944) 1902 - Carlo Levi, Italian writer, painter and politician (d. 1975) 1904 - Egon Eiermann, German architect (d. 1970) 1905 - Marcel Lefebvre, French pilot (d. 1991) 1912 - Jock Shaw, Scottish footballer (d. 2000) 1915 – Eugene Polley, American inventor of the TV remote control (d. 2011) 1916 - John Arthur Love, American politician, 36th Governor of Colorado (d. 2001) 1917 - Pierre-Gaspard Huit, French director and screenwriter (d. 2017) 1917 - Merle Travis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1983) 1918 – Madeleine L'Engle, American writer (d. 2007) 1920 - Joe Weider, Canadian-American bodybuilder (d. 2013) 1920 - Yegor Ligachev, Soviet-Russian politician 1920 - Joseph Shivers, American chemist (d. 2014) 1921 - Jackie Stallone, American astrologer, mother of Sylvester Stallone 1922 - Michael Howard, British historian (d. 2019) 1923 - Minnie Miñoso, Cuban baseball player (d. 2015) 1924 - Jane Freilicher, American painter (d. 2014) 1924 – Erik Balling, Danish director (d. 2005) 1925 – Ernst Happel, Austrian football manager (d. 1992) 1926 - Beji Caid Essebsi, President of Tunisia (d. 2019) 1928 - Shulamit Aloni, Israeli politician (d. 2014) 1928 - Paul Simon, American politician (d. 2003) 1929 - Derek Jameson, British journalist and broadcaster (d. 2012) 1930 - David Goldblatt, South African photographer (d. 2018) 1930 – Shirley Porter, British politician 1931 - Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor (d. 1997) 1931 - Wallace Smith Broecker, American scientist (d. 2019) 1932 – Jacques Chirac, former President of France (d. 2019) 1932 - Diane Ladd, American actress 1933 – John Mayall, English blues singer 1933 – James Rosenquist, American artist (d. 2017) 1934 - Guillermo Sepulveda, Mexican footballer 1938 – Kashiwado Tsuyoshi, Japanese Sumo wrestler (d. 1996) 1938 - Michel Duchaussoy, French actor (d. 2012) 1939 - Abdelmajid Lakhal, Tunisian director and producer (d. 2014) 1939 - Hugh Robertson, Scottish footballer (d. 2010) 1939 – Sandro Salvadore, Italian footballer (d. 2007) 1940 – Denny Doherty, Canadian singer (d. 2007) 1940 - Chuck Mangione, American horn player and composer 1941 – Lothar Emmerich, German footballer (d. 2003) 1942 – Ann Dunham (d. 1995), American anthropologist, mother of Barack Obama 1946 - Brian Cadd, American singer-songwriter and keyboardist 1946 - Suzy Chaffee, American skier and actress 1947 – Petra Kelly, German activist and politician (d. 1992) 1947 - Mario Aurelio Poli, Argentine cardinal 1948 - David Rintoul, Scottish actor 1949 – Jerry Lawler, American professional wrestler 1949 - Garry Shandling, American comedian, actor and scriptwriter (d. 2016) 1951 1975 1952 – Jeff Fahey, American actor 1953 - Christine Pascal, French actress (d. 1996) 1953 – Huub Stevens, Dutch footballer and coach 1953 - Rosemary West, English murderer 1954 - Joel Coen, American director, producer and screenwriter 1955 - Howie Mandel, Canadian actor and comedian 1957 – Janet Napolitano, American politician 1957 - Mario Salieri, Italian pornographic film director and producer 1958 - Michael Dempsey, British musician 1958 - John Dramani Mahama, President of Ghana 1959 – Rahm Emanuel, American politician, 55th Mayor of Chicago 1961 - Kim Delaney, American actress 1962 - Ronny Jordan, British guitarist (d. 2014) 1964 – Don Cheadle, American actor 1964 - Ken Monkou, Dutch footballer 1964 - Tom Sizemore, American actor and producer 1965 - Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese poet and pianist (d. 1992) 1965 - Ellen Cleghorn, American comedienne and actress 1967 - Zbigniew Szewczyk, Polish footballer 1968 - Hayabusa, Japanese wrestler (d. 2016) 1968 - Jonathan Knight, American singer 1969 - Pierre van Hooijdonk, Dutch footballer 1969 – Kasey Keller, American footballer 1969 – Mariano Rivera, Panamanian baseball player 1970 - Larry Joe Campbell, American actor 1970 - Frank Delgado, American keyboardist (Deftones) 1970 - Nathan Hines, Australian-Scottish rugby union player 1970 - Mark Pembridge, Welsh footballer 1971 - Gena Lee Nolin, American actress 1972 - Jamal Mashburn, American basketball player 1973 – Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer 1974 – Pavol Demitra, Slovakian ice hockey player (d. 2011) 1975 – Andreas Ioannides, Greek-Cypriot footballer From 1976 1977 - Juan José Gurruchaga, Chilean actor 1977 - Paul Goodison, English sailor 1977 - Eddie Howe, English footballer and coach 1978 – Dimitrios Konstantopoulos, Greek footballer 1978 - Lauren German, American actress 1979 - Simon Amstell, English comedian, actor and television host 1981 - Fawad Khan, Pakistani actor and singer 1982 - Gemma Chan, English actress 1982 – Lucas Black, American actor 1982 – John Mensah, Ghanaian footballer 1982 - Ramya, Indian actress, singer and politician 1982 – Imogen Thomas, Welsh television personality 1983 - Albert Bunjaku, Swiss footballer 1985 – Shannon Brown, American basketball player 1987 - Stephen O'Halloran, Irish footballer 1988 - Nika Kiladze, Georgian footballer (d. 2014) 1988 - Russell Wilson, American football player 1989 - Stefan Bradl, German motorcycle racer 1990 - Lee Minhyuk, South Korean idol, singer, rapper and dancer 1991 - Zac Sunderland, American sailor 1991 - Becky James, Welsh cyclist 1992 - George Atkinson III, American football player (d. 2019) 1995 - Laura Marano, American actress and singer 1995 - Siobhan-Marie O'Connor, English swimmer Deaths Up to 1900 521 - Jacob of Serugh, Syrian poet and theologian (b. 451) 561 - Chlothar I, Frankish King (b. 497) 1253 – Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1206) 1268 - Pope Clement IV (b. 1190) 1314 – King Philip IV of France (b. 1268) 1330 - Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, English soldier and statesman (b. 1287) 1342 - Michael of Cesena, Italian theologian (b. 1270) 1378 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1316) 1530 - Thomas Wolsey, English cardinal (b. 1470) 1544 - Jungjong of Joseon of Korea (b. 1488) 1590 - Philipp Nikodemos Frischlin, German philologist and poet (b. 1547) 1595 - Alonso de Ercilla, Spanish soldier and poet (b. 1533) 1600 – Nanda, King of Burma (b. 1535) 1632 - Frederick V, Elector Palatine (b. 1596) 1643 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567) 1682 - Prince Rupert of the Rhine (b. 1619) 1694 - Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician (b. 1628) 1759 – Nicolaus I Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1687) 1780 – Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, a Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and a Holy Roman Empress (b. 1717) 1797 - Samuel Langdon, American clergyman and academic (b. 1723) 1830 - John Maurice Hauke, Polish general (b. 1775) 1847 - Marcus Whitman, American physician and missionary (b. 1802) 1856 - Frederick William Beechey, English naval officer, explorer, geographer and politician (b. 1796) 1872 - Horace Greeley, American newspaper editor and politician (b. 1811) 1883 – Hiep Hoa, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1847) 1901 2000 1901 – Francisco Pi i Margell, Catalan writer and politician (b. 1824) 1924 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian opera composer (b. 1858) 1939 – Philipp Scheidemann, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1865) 1941 - Frank Waller, American sprinter and hurdler (b. 1884) 1946 - Sandy Archibald, Scottish footballer (b. 1896) 1946 - Johannes Vares, Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1890) 1953 - Sam DeGrasse, American actor (b. 1875) 1954 - Dink Johnson, American pianist, clarinetist and drummer (b. 1892) 1954 - George Robey, English comedian, singer and actor (b. 1859) 1957 - Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (b. 1897) 1962 - Erik Scavenius, Danish politician (b. 1877) 1967 - Ferenc Münnich, Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1886) 1972 - Carl Stalling, American composer (b. 1888) 1975 – Graham Hill, British racing driver (b. 1929) 1975 - Tony Brise, British racing driver (b. 1952) 1979 – Zeppo Marx, American actor (b. 1901) 1981 – Natalie Wood, American actress (b. 1938) 1982 - Percy Williams, Canadian sprinter (b. 1908) 1986 – Cary Grant, British-American actor (b. 1904) 1991 – Ralph Bellamy, American actor (b. 1904) 1991 - Frank Yerby, American author (b. 1916) 1992 – Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician (b. 1906) 1993 - J. R. D. Tata, Indian pilot and businessman (b. 1904) 1998 - Frank Latimore, American actor (b. 1925) 1999 - Gene Rayburn, American game show host (b. 1917) From 2001 2001 – George Harrison, English musician (The Beatles) (b. 1943) 2003 - Moondog Spot, American professional wrestler (b. 1952) 2004 – Anne Samson, Canadian nun and supercentenarian (b. 1891) 2005 – David di Tommaso, French footballer (b. 1979) 2007 - Ralph Beard, American basketball player (b. 1927) 2008 – Jorn Utzon, Danish architect (b. 1918) 2009 - Prince Alexander of Belgium (b. 1942) 2010 – Bella Akhmadulina, Russian poet (b. 1937) 2010 – Mario Monicelli, Italian movie director (b. 1915) 2010 – Maurice Wilkes, British computer scientist (b. 1913) 2013 - Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Russian poet and activist (b. 1936) 2013 - Chris Howland, English-German singer, presenter, actor and author (b. 1928) 2014 - Mark Strand, Canadian-American poet (b. 1934) 2014 - Dwayne Alons, American politician (b. 1946) 2014 - Luc De Vos, Belgian musician (b. 1962) 2015 - O'tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (b. 1939) 2015 - Claire Aho, Finnish-Swedish photographer (b. 1925) 2016 - Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (b. 1925) 2017 - Belmiro de Azevedo, Portuguese businessman (b. 1938) 2017 - Jerry Fodor, American philosopher (b. 1935) 2017 - Aminul Islam, Bangladeshi academic (b. 1935) 2017 - Charles E. Merrill Jr., Polish-born American educator (b. 1920) 2017 - Slobodan Praljak, Bosnian-Croatian politician and general (b. 1945) 2017 - Heather North, American actress (b. 1945) 2017 - Mary Lee Woods, British mathematician and computer programmer (b. 1924) 2018 - Altaf Fatima, Pakistani writer (b. 1927) 2018 - Eldon George, Canadian fossil hunter and geologist (b. 1931) 2018 - Ruth Haring, American chess player (b. 1955) 2018 - Viktor Matviyenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1948) 2019 - Irving Burgie, American songwriter (b. 1924) 2019 - Fitzhugh Mullan, American physician and medical writer (b. 1942) 2019 - Yasuhiro Nakasone, Japanese politician, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1918) Observances International Day for Solidarity with the Palestinian people Liberation Day (Albania) Tubman Day (Liberia) Days of the year

10092

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2030

November 30

Events Up to 1900 3340 BC – Earliest believed record of an eclipse. 1700 – Battle of Narva: A Swedish army of 8,500 men under Charles XII of Sweden defeats a much larger Russian army at Narva (present-day Estonia, next to Russian border). 1707 – The Second Siege of Pensacola comes to an end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola, Florida. 1718 – Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten, Norway. 1731 – An earthquake in Beijing kills thousands of people. 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris – In Paris, representatives of the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain sign preliminary peace agreements – they later become official in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. 1786 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under the future Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the first modern state to ban the death penalty. 1803 – In New Orleans, Louisiana, Spanish representatives officially transfer Louisiana Territory to a French representative. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase. 1853 – Crimean War: Battle of Sinop – The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman Empire fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, present-day Turkey. 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Franklin, Tennessee. 1872 – The first-ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow on Saint Andrew's Day, between Scotland and England. It ends 0–0. 1886 – The Folies Bergere in Paris stages its first performance. 1901 2000 1908 – 154 miners are killed in a mining explosion in Marianna, Pennsylvania. 1916 – Costa Rica signs the Buenos Aires Copyright Convention. 1920 – Liberato Ribeiro Pinto becomes Prime Minister of Portugal. 1934 – The LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman becomes the first steam locomotive known to have reached a speed of 100 miles per hour. 1936 – In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire. 1939 – Winter War: Soviet forces invade Finland and reach the Mannerheim Line, starting the war. 1940 – Actress Lucille Ball marries Desi Arnaz in Greenwich, Connecticut. 1942 – World War II: Battle of Tassafaronga – A smaller squadron of Japanese destroyers led by Raizo Tanaka defeats a US cruiser force under Carleton H. Wright. 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Josef Stalin agree to the planned June 1944 invasion of Europe code-named Operation Overlord. 1953 – Edward Mutesa II, the last King of Buganda, is deposed and exiled to London by Andrew Cohen, British Governor of Uganda. 1954 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, United States, an 8.5 lb (3.86 kg) sulfide meteorite crashes through a roof and hits Mrs. Elizabeth Hodges in her living room after bouncing off her radio. She got a bad bruise. This is the only known case of a human being hit by a rock from space. 1956 – Floyd Patterson becomes heavyweight world boxing champion against Archie Moore. 1958 – French Equatorial Africa splits up into the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Chad and the Central African Republic, all of which becomes fully independent in 1960. 1966 – Barbados becomes independent from the United Kingdom. 1967 – The People's Republic of South Yemen becomes independent from the United Kingdom. 1967 – Pakistan Peoples Party is founded by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. 1975 – Dahomey is renamed the "People's Republic of Benin". 1981 – Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe (the meetings ended inconclusively on December 17). 1982 – A parcel bomb is delivered to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at 10 Downing Street. 1982 – Michael Jackson releases his hit, "Thriller". 1989 – Richard Mallory of Palm Harbor, Florida becomes serial killer Aileen Wuornos's first victim. 1989 – German banker Alfred Herrhausen is killed by a Red Army Faction bomb. He was a board member at Deutsche Bank. 1993 – Steven Spielberg's movie Schindler's List is first shown, in Washington, DC. 1994 – The ship MS Achille Lauro catches fire off Somalia. 1995 – Official end of Operation Desert Storm. 1995 – Bill Clinton visits Northern Ireland, as the first US President to do so. 1996 – The Stone of Scone is installed at Edinburgh Castle on its official return to Scotland from England. 1998 – Exxon and Mobil sign an agreement to merge. 1999 – British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems. From 2001 2001 – Green River Killer Gary Ridgway is arrested in Renton, Washington, ending a killing spree in which 49 people were murdered. 2004 – Lion Air Flight 538 crash-lands in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, killing 26 people. 2004 – Longtime Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings of Salt Lake City, Utah finally loses, leaving him with $2,520,700 USD, television's all-time biggest game show haul. 2005 – John Sentamu becomes the first black archbishop in the Church of England when he becomes Archbishop of York. 2006 – Typhoon Durian causes a mud avalanche from the Mount Mayon volcano on Luzon, Philippines, killing 300 people. 2013 – Actor Paul Walker, star of the "Fast and Furious", is killed in a car crash. 2015 – Climate change talks begin in Paris. 2017 – Katrín Jakobsdóttir becomes Prime Minister of Iceland, leading a three-party coalition. Births Up to 1800 539 – Gregory of Tours, French bishop and historian (d. 594) 1327 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345) 1340 – John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France (d. 1416) 1427 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1492) 1466 – Andrea Doria, Genoese naval officer (d. 1560) 1498 – Andres de Urdaneta, Spanish friar, sail-captain and explorer (d. 1568) 1508 – Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (d. 1580) 1554 – Philip Sidney, English courtier, soldier and writer (d. 1586) 1602 – Otto von Guericke, German politician, jurist, physicist and inventor (d. 1686) 1642 – Andrea Pozzo, Italian painter and architect (d. 1709) 1645 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, theorist and composer (d. 1706) 1667 – Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (d. 1745) 1670 – John Toland, Irish philosopher (d. 1722) 1719 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. 1772) 1723 – William Livingston, revolutionary Governor of New Jersey (d. 1790) 1761 – Smithson Tennant, English chemist (d. 1815) 1768 – Jedrzej Sniadecki, Polish writer, physician, chemist and biologist (d. 1838) 1781 – Alexander Berry, Scottish surgeon, merchant and explorer (d. 1873) 1791 – Count Franz Philipp von Lamberg, Austrian soldier and statesman (d. 1848) 1796 – Carl Loewe, German composer (d. 1869) 1801 1900 1813 – Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet (d. 1890) 1813 – Claude-Valentin Alkan, French composer (d. 1888) 1817 – Theodor Mommsen, German historian and writer (d. 1903) 1821 – Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1902) 1825 – William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter (d. 1905) 1835 – Mark Twain, American writer (d. 1910) 1836 – Lord Frederick Cavendish, British politician (d. 1882) 1847 – Afonso Augusto Moreira, 6th President of Brazil (d. 1909) 1858 – Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1937) 1866 – Andrey Lyapchev, Bulgarian politician (d. 1933) 1869 – Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist (d. 1937) 1872 – John McCrae, Canadian poet (d. 1918) 1874 – Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1965) 1874 – Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian writer (d. 1942) 1875 – Otto Strandman, 2nd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1941) 1887 – Andrej Gosar, Slovenian-Yugoslavian politician, economist and theorist (d. 1970) 1887 – Beatrice Kerr, Australian swimmer, diver and aquatic performer (d. 1971) 1889 – Edgar Douglas Adrian, English doctor, won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1977) 1901 1950 1904 – Clyfford Still, American painter (d. 1980) 1906 – John Dickson Carr, American author (d. 1977) 1907 – Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (d. 2012) 1909 – Robert Nighthawk, American musician (d. 1967) 1911 – Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (d. 1953) 1912 – Gordon Parks, American photographer, musician, writer and movie director (d. 2006) 1915 – Henry Taube, Canadian-American physicist (d. 2005) 1918 – Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., American actor (d. 2014) 1920 – Virginia Mayo, American actress (d. 2005) 1924 – Klaus Huber, Swiss composer (d. 2017) 1924 – Shirley Chisholm, American politician (d. 2005) 1926 – Andrew W. Schally, Polish-Canadian Nobel Prize winner in medicine 1927 – Richard Crenna, American actor (d. 2003) 1928 – Takako Doi, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 2014) 1928 – Karin Söder, Swedish politician (d. 2015) 1929 – Dick Clark, American entertainer (d. 2012) 1929 – Joan Ganz Cooney, American television presenter 1930 – G. Gordon Liddy, American Watergate scandal operative and talk show host 1930 – Jacques Hamel, French priest (d. 2016) 1931 – Bruce C. Murray, American geologist (d. 2013) 1933 – Tsai Chin, Chinese-English actress 1936 – Dmitri Anosov, Russian mathematician (d. 2014) 1936 – Abbie Hoffman, American political and social activist (d. 1989) 1937 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (d. 1967) 1937 – Ridley Scott, English movie director 1937 – Frank Ifield, English-Australian singer 1938 – Margarita Salas, Spanish biochemist and molecular geneticist (d. 2019) 1939 – Chandra Bahadur Dangi, Nepalese shortest-man-ever record holder (d. 2015) 1943 – Terrence Malick, American movie producer 1944 – George Graham, Scottish footballer 1945 – Hilary Armstrong, English politician 1945 – Roger Glover, Welsh bassist (Deep Purple) 1945 – Radu Lupu, Romanian pianist 1945 – Pita Paraone, New Zealand politician (d. 2019) 1947 – Stuart Baird, English movie editor, producer and director 1947 – David Mamet, American director and writer 1950 – Wolfgang Niersbach, German journalist and football official 1951 1975 1952 – Mandy Patinkin, American actor and musician 1952 – Keith Griffen, American comic book writer and artist 1953 – Shuggie Otis, American musician, composer and producer 1953 – June Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters) (d. 2006) 1954 – Simonetta Stefanelli, Italian actress 1954 – Lawrence Summers, American economist and academic 1955 – Billy Idol, English musician 1955 – Richard Burr, American politician 1955 – Andy Gray, Scottish footballer 1957 – Richard Barbieri, English keyboardist and composer 1957 – Patrick McLoughlin, English politician 1957 – Colin Mochrie, Scottish-Canadian actor and comedian 1957 – Margaret Spellings, American politician 1957 – Gary Lewis, Scottish actor 1958 – Stacey Q, American singer, actress and dancer 1959 – Cherie Currie, American musician, singer, songwriter and actress 1959 – Lorraine Kelly, Scottish television presenter 1960 – Gary Lineker, English footballer 1960 – Bob Tewksbury, American baseball player 1961 – Innocent Egbunike, Nigerian sprinter and coach 1962 – Daniel Keys Moran, American computer programmer and author 1965 – Ben Stiller, American actor and comedian 1965 – Prince Akishino of Japan 1965 – Aldair, Brazilian footballer 1965 – David Laws, British politician 1966 – David Berkoff, American swimmer 1966 – John Bishop, English comedian 1966 – Mika Salo, Finnish racing driver 1968 – Des'ree, English R&B singer 1968 – Laurent Jalabert, French cyclist 1969 – Amy Ryan, American actress 1973 – Kate Fischer, Australian model and actress 1974 – Sébastien Tellier, French singer 1975 – Ben Thatcher, English-Welsh footballer 1975 – Mindy McCready, American country music singer (d. 2013) From 1976 1976 – Josh Lewsey, English rugby player 1976 – Paul Nuttall, English politician, former leader of UKIP 1977 – Kozumi Saito, Japanese baseball player 1978 – Clay Aiken, American singer 1978 – Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor 1981 – Otto Fredrikson, Finnish footballer 1982 – Jason Pominville, Canadian ice hockey player 1983 – David Carney, Australian footballer 1983 – Adrian Cristea, Romanian footballer 1984 – Alan Hutton, Scottish footballer 1984 – Nigel de Jong, Dutch footballer 1984 – Francisco Sandaza, Spanish footballer 1985 – Kaley Cuoco, American actress 1985 – Chrissy Teigen, American model 1985 – Luis Valbuena, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 2018) 1986 – Jordan Farmar, American basketball player 1987 – Dougie Poynter, English singer and musician (McFly) 1987 – Ian Hecox, American comedian 1987 – Naomi, American dancer, model, singer and professional wrestler 1987 – Victoria Thornley, Welsh cyclist 1988 – Phillip Hughes, Australian cricketer (d. 2014) 1988 – Vitaliy Polyanskyi, Ukrainian footballer 1989 – Vladimir Weiss, Slovakian footballer 1990 – Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player 1993 – Yuri Chinen, Japanese actor and singer 1994 – William Melling, English actor Deaths Up to 1900 30 BC – Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt (b. 69 BC) 1016 – Edmund II, King of England (b. 989) 1580 – Richard Farrant, English composer and playwright (b. 1530) 1600 – Nanda Bayin, King of Burma (b. 1535) 1626 – Thomas Weelkes, English organist and composer (b. 1576) 1703 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672) 1705 – Catherine of Braganza, Queen-Consort of King Charles II of England and Scotland (b. 1638) 1718 – King Charles XII of Sweden (b. 1682) 1873 – Alexander Berry, Scottish surgeon, merchant and explorer (b. 1781) 1892 – Dimitrios Valvis, 69th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1814) 1894 – Joseph E. Brown, American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1821) 1900 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854) 1901 2000 1901 – Edward John Eyre, English explorer (b. 1815) 1908 – Nishinoumi Kajiro I, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1855) 1920 – Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Russian general (b. 1867) 1930 – Pannambalam Ramanathan, Ceylonese Tamil statesman (b. 1851) 1934 – Helene Boucher, French pilot (b. 1908) 1934 – Roy Turk, American songwriter (b. 1892) 1935 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet (b. 1888) 1938 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian leader of the far-right Iron Guard (b. 1898) 1939 – Bela Kun, Hungarian politician (b. 1886) 1944 – Paul Masson, French cyclist (b. 1876) 1947 – Ernst Lubitsch, German actor and director (b. 1892) 1953 – Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (b. 1879) 1954 – Wilhelm Furtwangler, German conductor (b. 1886) 1957 – Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (b. 1890) 1958 – Hubert Wilkins, Australian soldier, explorer and photographer (b. 1888) 1970 – Nina Ricci, Italian-French fashion designer (b. 1883) 1972 – Compton Mackenzie, Scottish novelist, actor and political activist (b. 1883) 1977 – Terence Rattigan, English playwright (b. 1911) 1979 – Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901) 1989 – Alfred Herrhausen, German banker (b. 1930) 1989 – Ahmadou Ahidjo, 1st President of Cameroon (b. 1924) 1994 – Guy Debord, French theorist and author (b. 1931) 1994 – Lionel Stander, American actor (b. 1908) 1995 – Stretch, American rapper, producer and actor (b. 1968) 1996 – Tiny Tim, American entertainer (b. 1932) 1999 – Charlie Byrd, American guitarist (b. 1925) From 2001 2003 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (b. 1906) 2004 – Seung Sahn, South Korean spiritual leader (b. 1927) 2005 – Jean Parker, American actress (b. 1915) 2005 – Nora Denney, American actress (b. 1927) 2007 – Evel Knievel, American daredevil and stuntman (b. 1938) 2008 – Munetaka Higuchi, Japanese drummer and producer (b. 1958) 2009 – Milorad Pavic, Serbian writer (b. 1929) 2009 – Paul Naschy, Spanish actor, screenwriter and director (b. 1934) 2011 – Leka, Crown Prince of Albania, Albanian royal and pretender (b. 1939) 2011 – Zdenek Miler, Czech animator (b. 1921) 2012 – I. K. Gujral, Prime Minister of India (b. 1919) 2013 – Jean Kent, English actress (b. 1921) 2013 – Yury Yakovlev, Russian actor (b. 1928) 2013 – Paul Walker, American actor (b. 1973) 2014 – Go Seigen, Chinese-Japanese Go player (b. 1914) 2014 – Qayyum Chowdhury, Bangladeshi painter (b. 1932) 2014 – Fred Catherwood, English politician and writer (b. 1925) 2014 – Martin Litton, American environmentalist (b. 1917) 2014 – Jarbom Gamlin, Indian politician (b. 1950) 2015 – Eldar Ryazanov, Russian movie director (b. 1927) 2015 – Gerrit Holdijk, Dutch politician (b. 1944) 2015 – Greg Fisk, American politician (b. 1945) 2017 – Alfie Curtis, British actor (b. 1930) 2017 – Dick Gernert, American baseball player (b. 1928) 2017 – Colin Groves, British-Australian biologist and professor (b. 1942) 2017 – Jim Nabors, American actor, singer and comedian (b. 1930) 2017 – Surin Pitsuwan, Thai politician and diplomat (b. 1949) 2017 – Marina Popovich, Soviet-Russian air force colonel, engineer and test pilot (b. 1931) 2017 – Vincent Scully, American architecture historian (b. 1920) 2018 – Palden Gyatso, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1933) 2018 – George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States (b. 1924) 2019 – Michael Howard, English historian (b. 1922) 2019 – Mariss Jansons, Latvian conductor (b. 1943) 2019 – Petr Málek, Czech sport shooter (b. 1961) 2019 – Harold Rahm, American-Brazilian Roman Catholic priest and humanitarian (b. 1919) 2019 – Milagrosa Tan, Filipina politician (b. 1958) 2019 – Brian Tierney, English historian (b. 1922) Holidays and observances Barbados – Independence Day (from the United Kingdom, 1966) Official end of the North Atlantic hurricane season Saint Andrew's Day – Christian apostle, and patron saint (several countries including Scotland and Barbados) Cities for Life Day National Day (Benin) Regina Mundi Day (South Africa) Days of the year

10093

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2026

November 26

Events Up to 1900 43 BC – The second Roman Triumvirate alliance is formed by Augustus, Marcus Aemelius Lepidus and Mark Antony. 783 - Asturian Queen Adosinda is put up in a monastery to prevent her closest family and friends from retaking the throne from Mauretagus. 986 - The French city of Montpellier is first mentioned. 1161 - Battle of Caishi in China: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze River during the Jin-Song Wars. 1703 - The Great Storm of 1703, affecting Great Britain, sinks 12 Royal Navy ships, killing over 1,500 people. 1778 – James Cook becomes the first European to navigate around the island of Maui, Hawaii, but doesn't find a suitable place to land. 1789 – A national Thanksgiving Day is held in the United States. 1842 - The University of Notre Dame is founded. 1863 – US President Abraham Lincoln declares Thanksgiving Day a national holiday, to be observed on the fourth Thursday in November. 1865 – Spanish-South American War: In the naval Battle of Papudo, the Chilean fleet under Juan Williams Rebolledo defeats the Spanish. 1894 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Alexandra Fyodorovna marry. 1898 - A storm off New England sinks the passenger ship Portland, killing 152 people. The storm kills 450 people in total. 1901 2000 1914 - British battleship Bulwark is destroyed by an explosion off Sheerness, killing 738 people, as only 12 of the people on board survive. 1917 – The NHL is founded. 1918 - The Podgorica Assembly in Montenegro votes for a "Union of the People", declaring that it merges with Serbia. 1922 – Howard Carter enters the tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt. 1942 - Franklin D. Roosevelt orders gasoline rationing across the United States, starting on December 1. 1942 - An earthquake in Turkey kills 4,000 people. 1943 - World War II: The ship HMT Rohna is sunk by the German Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean Sea north of Bejaia, Algeria. 1944 - World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworths shop on New Cross High Street, London, killing 168 people. 1949 - India agrees to the constitution proposed by B. R. Ambedkar. This leads to India becoming a republic two months later, on January 26, 1950. 1950 – Korean War: The People's Republic of China enters the war, launching a counterattack in North Korea against South Korea and UN troops. 1965 - In the Hammaguir launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix 1, on board, becoming the third country to enter outer space. 1970 – In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe 1.5 inches (38.1 millimetres) of rain fall in a minute, which is a world record. 1976 – The Last Waltz is held. 1979 - A Boeing 707 of Pakistan International Airlines, crashes during take-off from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing all 156 people on board. 1982 – Larry Holmes wins the heavyweight boxing world title, defeating Randall Cobb in Houston, Texas. 1983 – In London, 6,800 gold bars, worth nearly £ 26 million, are stolen from the Brink's MAT vault at Heathrow Airport. 1990 - The Delta II rocket makes its first flight. 1991 – Azerbaijan's national assembly abolishes the autonomous State of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomus Oblast, where the population is of mainly Armenian ethnicity, and renames all its cities back to their old names. 1992 - In the night to November 27, Vienna's Hofburg Castle is severely damaged by fire. 1998 - The Khanna rail disaster in India kills 212 people. 1998 – Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to speak at the Republic of Ireland's parliament. 2000 - George W. Bush is confirmed as the winner of Florida's electoral votes in the disputed US Presidential Election, making him the next President of the United States instead of Al Gore, who had won the most votes overall. From 2001 2003 – Concorde makes its last flight, over Bristol, England, United Kingdom. 2004 – In Ruzhou, China, a man enters a school dormitory and stabs 8 people to death, while he also wounds 4 others. 2008 – The 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks begin with killings and hostage takings in different parts of the city, committed by Islamist terrorists, of whom only one survives. The attacks end on November 29 after a stand-off at the Taj Mahal Hotel. 2011 – The New Zealand National Party, led by John Key, is elected to a second term in government. 2011 – The Mars Science Laboratory, known as Curiosity, is launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida, on board an Atlas V rocket. It lands on Mars in August 2012. Births Up to 1900 117 - Aelius Aristides, Greek writer (d. 181) 907 - Rudesind, Galician bishop (d. 977) 1288 – Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan (d. 1339) 1436 – Princess Catherine of Portugal, writer (d. 1463) 1604 - Johannes Bach, German composer and musician (d. 1673) 1607 – John Harvard, English-born clergyman and university benefactor (d. 1638) 1609 – Henry Dunster, English president of Harvard College (d. 1659) 1657 – William Derham, English minister and writer (d. 1735) 1678 – Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (d. 1771) 1703 – Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer (d. 1758) 1731 – William Cowper, English poet (d. 1800) 1786 - José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1846) 1792 – Sarah Grimke, American abolitionist and feminist (d. 1873) 1827 - Ellen G. White, American author, co-founder of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (d. 1915) 1828 - René Goblet, Prime Minister of France (d. 1915) 1832 – Mary Edwards Walker, American feminist physician (d. 1919) 1832 – Karl Rudolf König, German physicist (d. 1901) 1847 – Maria Feodorovna, Princess of Denmark and Empress of Russia (d. 1928) 1853 - Bat Masterson, American Old West figure (d. 1921) 1857 – Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist (d. 1913) 1858 - Katharine Drexel, American nun and saint (d. 1955) 1864 – Edward Higgins, British Salvation Army General (d. 1947) 1864 - Eugene Pierre, French politician (d. 1937) 1869 – Maud, Queen of Norway (d. 1938) 1876 – Willis Carrier, American engineer and inventor (d. 1950) 1885 – Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1970) 1888 - Ford Beebe‎, American director (d. 1978) 1889 – Albert Dieudonné, French actor, screenwriter and novelist (d. 1976) 1892 - Joe Guyon, American football player (d. 1971) 1894 - James Charles McGuigan, Canadian cardinal (d. 1974) 1894 – Norbert Wiener, American mathematician and founder of Cybernetics (d. 1964) 1895 - Bill W., American founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (d. 1971) 1897 - Manuel A. Odria, Peruvian general and politician (d. 1974) 1898 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973) 1899 – Bruno Hauptmann, German kidnapper of Charles Lindbergh III (d. 1936) 1901 1925 1902 - Maurice McDonald, American fast food pioneer (d. 1971) 1903 - Alice Herz-Sommer, Jewish pianist, music teacher, Holocaust survivor and supercentenarian (d. 2014) 1905 - Emlyn Williams, Welsh writer. dramatist and actor (d. 1987) 1905 – Bob Johnson, American baseball player (d. 1982) 1908 – Lefty Gomez, American baseball player (d. 1989) 1909 – Eugene Ionescu, Romanian-born dramatist (d. 1994) 1909 - Fritz Buchloh, German footballer (d. 1998) 1909 - Frances Dee, American actress (d. 2004) 1910 - Aileen Meagher, Canadian athlete and painter (d. 1987) 1910 – Cyril Cusack, Irish actor (d. 1993) 1912 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (d. 1992) 1914 - Robert Alda, American actor (d. 1986) 1915 – Earl Wild, American pianist (d. 2010) 1915 - Inge King, German-Australian sculptor (d. 2016) 1918 – Patricio Aylwin, former President of Chile (d. 2016) 1918 - Huber Matos, Cuban activist (d. 2014) 1919 – Ryszard Kaczorowski, Polish statesman (d. 2010) 1919 - Frederik Pohl, American writer (d. 2013) 1920 - Daniel Petrie, Canadian-born television and movie director (d. 2004) 1921 - Françoise Gilot, French painter, critic and author 1922 – Charles M. Schulz, American cartoonist (d. 2000) 1923 - V. K. Murthy, Indian cinematographer (d. 2014) 1923 - Pat Phoenix, English actress (d. 1986) 1924 – George Segal, American Pop Sculptor (d. 2000) 1924 - Edward T. Breathitt, Governor of Kentucky (d. 2003) 1925 – Eugene Istomin, American pianist (d. 2003) 1925 - Gregorio Conrado Alvarez, Uruguayan military and politician (d. 2016) 1926 1950 1926 - Rabi Ray, Indian politician 1926 - Ray McFall, British nightclub owner (d. 2015) 1927 – Ernie Coombs, American children's entertainer (d. 2001) 1929 - Slavko Avsenik, Slovenian composer and musician (d. 2015) 1930 - J. Joseph Garrahy, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 2012) 1930 - Berthold Leibinger, German mechanical engineer, businessman and philanthropist (d. 2018) 1931 – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Argentine activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1931 - Adrianus Johannes Simonis, Dutch archbishop and cardinal 1933 – Robert Goulet, American singer and actor (d. 2007) 1933 - Tony Verna, American television producer (d. 2015) 1933 - Richard Holloway, Scottish writer and former Bishop of Edinburgh 1936 - Margaret Boden, English computer scientist and psychologist 1937 – Boris Yegorov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1994) 1938 – Porter Goss, American politician and Central Intelligence Agency director 1938 – Rodney Jory, Australian physicist 1938 – Rich Little, Canadian-American comedian and actor 1939 – Tina Turner, American-Swiss singer and actress 1939 – Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia 1940 - Enrico Bombieri, Italian mathematician 1940 - Kotozakura Masakatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2007) 1942 - Olivia Cole, American actress 1942 - Dang Thuy Tram, Vietnamese doctor (d. 1970) 1943 – Bruce Paltrow, American producer and director (d. 2002) 1944 – Jean Terrell, American singer 1945 – Daniel Davis, American actor 1945 – John McVie, British musician (Fleetwood Mac) 1946 - Mark L. Lester, American director 1946 – Art Shell, American football player and coach 1947 - Vicki Ann Funk, American botanist (d. 2019) 1947 – Susanne Zenor, American actress 1948 – Elizabeth Blackburn, Australian-American molecular biologist 1948 - Galina Prozumenshchikova, Soviet-Russian swimmer (d. 2015) 1948 – Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player (d. 1995) 1948 – Shlomo Artzi, Israeli singer 1948 – Claes Elfsberg, Swedish television presenter 1949 – Vincent A. Mahler, Political Scientist and professor at Loyola University Chicago 1949 – Juanin Clay, American actress (d. 1995) 1949 - Martin Lee, British singer 1949 - Mari Alkatiri, 1st Prime Minister of East Timor 1949 - Shlomo Artzi, Israeli singer-songwriter 1950 – Dieter Burdenski, German footballer 1951 1975 1951 – Cicciolina, Italian actress and politician 1951 - Sulejman Tihic, Bosnia and Herzegovina politician (d. 2014) 1952 - Wendy Turnbull, Australian tennis player 1953 – Hilary Benn, British politician 1953 - Shelley Moore Capito, American politician 1953 – Harry Carson, American football player 1954 – Velupillai Prabhakaran, leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (d. 2009) 1955 - Gisela Stuart, German-British politician 1956 – Dale Jarrett, American race car driver 1956 – Keith Vaz, British politician 1960 - Delio Rossi, Italian footballer 1961 - Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria, Indian-British entrepreneur 1961 - Ivory, American professional wrestler 1961 - Petr Málek, Czech sport shooter (d. 2019) 1962 – Chuck Finley, American baseball pitcher 1963 - Mario Elie, American basketball player 1963 - Matt Frei, German-born British journalist 1964 - Chokri Belaid, Tunisian politician (d. 2013) 1964 – Vreni Schneider, Swiss skier 1969 – Shawn Kemp, American basketball player 1970 – Dave Hughes, Australian comedian 1970 - John Amaechi, American-born British basketball player 1971 – Ronald "Winky" Wright, American boxer 1972 – Arjun Rampal, Indian actor 1973 – Peter Facinelli, American actor 1975 – DJ Khaled, Palestinian-American musical artist and DJ From 1976 1976 – Maven Huffman, American professional wrestler 1977 - Ivan Bassi, Italian cyclist 1980 - Satoshi Ohno, Japanese singer and actor 1980 – Aruna Dindane, Ivory Coast footballer 1980 - Chris Lintott, English astrophysicist, author and broadcaster 1981 – Aurora Snow, American actress 1981 – Stephan Andersen, Danish international footballer 1981 – Ivan Basso, Italian cyclist 1981 – Natasha Bedingfield, British singer 1981 - Natalie Gauci, Australian singer 1981 - Gina Kingsbury, Canadian ice hockey player 1982 - Keith Ballard, American ice hockey player 1982 - Dallas Johnson, Australian rugby player 1983 – Chris Hughes, American businessman, co-founder of Facebook 1984 – Antonio Puerta, Spanish footballer (d. 2007) 1986 - Trevor Morgan, American actor 1990 – Chipmunk, English rapper 1990 – Danny Welbeck, English footballer 1990 - Rita Ora, Kosovo-born English singer and actress 1990 - Avery Bradley, American basketball player 1990 - Gabriel Paulista, Brazilian footballer 1992 - Louis Ducruet, Monegasque royal 1993 - Erena Ono, Japanese singer (AKB48) 1996 - Louane Emera, French singer Deaths Up to 1900 399 - Pope Siricius 1252 - Blanche of Castile, Queen of France (b. 1188) 1504 – Isabella I of Castile (b. 1451) 1518 - Vannozza de Cattanei, Italian mistress to the future-Pope Alexander VI (b. 1442) 1688 - Philippe Quinault, French playwright (b. 1635) 1717 - Daniel Purcell, British composer (b. 1664) 1822 - Karl August von Hardenberg, Prussian statesman (b. 1750) 1836 – John Loudon MacAdam, Scottish engineer and road builder (b. 1756) 1842 - Robert Smith, United States Secretary of State (b. 1757) 1851 - Jean-de-Dieu Soult, French general and politician (b. 1769) 1855 – Adam Mickiewicz, Polish poet (b. 1798) 1872 - Pavel Kiselyov, Russian general and politician (b. 1788) 1876 - Karl Ernst von Baer, German biologist (b. 1792) 1882 - Otto Theodor von Manteuffel, Prussian lawyer and politician (b. 1805) 1883 – Sojourner Truth, American abolitionist (b. 1797) 1901 2000 1912 - Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople (b. 1854) 1919 - Felipe Angeles, Mexican revolutionary general (b. 1868) 1926 - John Browning, American firearms designer and inventor (b. 1855) 1930 – Otto Sverdrup, Norwegian explorer (b. 1854) 1934 - Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Ukrainian historian and statesman (b. 1866) 1938 - Flora Call Disney, mother of Walt Disney (b. 1868) 1943 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (b. 1914) 1952 – Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer (b. 1865) 1954 – Bill Doak, American baseball player (b. 1891) 1956 – Tommy Dorsey, American musician (b. 1905) 1959 - Albert Ketèlbey, British composer, pianist and conductor (b. 1875) 1961 - Styles Bridges, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1898) 1962 - Albert Sarrault, French politician (b. 1872) 1963 - Amelita Galli-Curci, Italian soprano (b. 1882) 1968 – Arnold Zweig, German writer (b. 1887) 1973 – John Rostill, British musician (b. 1942) 1977 - Yoshibayama Junnosoke, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1920) 1978 - Ford Beebe‎, American director (d. 1888) 1979 - Ove Joensen, Faroese rower and adventurer (b. 1948) 1981 – Max Euwe, Dutch chess player (b. 1901) 1989 - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros 1994 – Joey Stefano, American actor (b. 1968) 1994 - Arturo Rivera y Damas, Archbishop of San Salvador (b. 1923) From 2001 2003 – Soulja Slim, American rapper (b. 1978) 2004 - Philippe de Broca, French actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1933) 2005 - Stan Berenstain, American writer (b. 1923) 2005 - Mark Craney, American musician (b. 1952) 2008 – Edna Parker, American supercentenarian, world's oldest woman at the time of her death (b. 1893) 2011 – C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Nigerian colonel and politician, President of Biafra (b. 1933) 2012 - Joseph Murray, American surgeon and Nobel Prize winner (b. 1919) 2013 - Cayetano Re, Paraguayan footballer (b. 1938) 2013 - Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1939) 2013 - John Galbraith Graham (Araucaria), English crossword compiler and Church of England priest (b. 1921) 2013 - Stan Stennett, Welsh entertainer (b. 1925) 2014 - Frankie Fraser, English gangster (b. 1923) 2014 - Sabah, Lebanese singer and actress (b. 1927) 2014 - Gilles Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938) 2014 - Tapan Raychaudhuri, Indian historian (b. 1924) 2014 - Angel Tulio Zof, Argentine footballer (b. 1928) 2015 - Guy Lewis, American basketball player (b. 1922) 2015 - Norbert Gastell, German actor (b. 1929) 2016 - Peter Hintze, German politician (b. 1950) 2016 - Peter Hans Kolvenbach, Dutch religious leader (b. 1928) 2017 - Hou Bo, Chinese photographer (b. 1924) 2017 - Armando Hart, Cuban politician (b. 1930) 2017 - W. Marvin Watson, American politician (b. 1924) 2018 - Bernardo Bertolucci, Italian film director (b. 1941) 2018 - Stephen Hillenburg, American marine biologist and animator, creator of SpongeBob SquarePants (b. 1961) 2018 - Charles Huxtable, British military officer (b. 1931) 2018 - Tomás Maldonado, Argentine painter and designer (b. 1922) 2018 - Patricia Quintana, Mexican chef and writer (b. 1946) 2018 - Leo Schwarz, German Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1931) 2019 - Cyrus Chothia, English biochemist (b. 1942) 2019 - Howard Cruse, American cartoonist and comic book writer (b. 1941) 2019 - Yeshi Dhonden, Tibetan-Indian physician and humanitarian (b. 1927) 2019 - James L. Holloway III, American naval admiral and political writer (b. 1922) 2019 - Köbi Kuhn, Swiss footballer and coach (b. 1943) 2019 - Muiris Mac Conghail, Irish journalist, writer, broadcaster, poet and filmmaker (b. 1941) 2019 - Bruno Nicolè, Italian footballer (b. 1940) 2019 - Gerald Regan, Canadian politician, 19th Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1928) 2019 - Gary Rhodes, English chef (b. 1960) Observances Constitution Day (India) Day of the Covenant (Baha'i faith) Independence Day (Mongolia) Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2015

November 15

Events Up to 1900 655 - Oswiu of Northumbria defeats Penda of Mercia in the Battle of the Winwaed. 1315 - Battle of Morgarten: The Swiss "Eidgenossen" defeat the Habsburgs. 1532 - Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors led by Hernando de Soto meet Inca Emperor Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting in the city plaza the following day. 1533 - Francisco Pizarro arrived in Cuzco, capital of the Inca Empire, before plundering the city and setting it on fire. 1688 - William III lands at Brixham, starting the Glorious Revolution. 1777 – After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation. 1806 - Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike saw a distant peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is later named Pikes Peak. 1825 - King John V of Portugal recognised the independence of Brazil. 1859 - The first modern revival of the Olympics took place in Athens, Greece. 1864 – Union General William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta, Georgia and starts Sherman's March to the Sea. 1889 – Brazil is declared a republic by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca and Emperor Pedro II is removed from power in a military coup. The pattern of stars on the night of this date is now included on the Flag of Brazil. 1901 2000 1908 - Colonialism: King Leopold II of Belgium sells the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Belgian state. 1920 – First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva. 1922 - Over 1,000 people are massacred during a General Strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1926 – The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations. 1928 - The RNLI lifeboat Mary Stanford capsized in Rye Harbour with the loss of the entire 17-man crew. 1935 – Manuel L. Quezon became President of the Philippines. 1935 – Canada and the United States sign a trade agreement in Washington. 1939 – In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial. 1940 - A wall is built around the Warsaw Ghetto. 1941 – Holocaust: SS chief Heinrich Himmler orders the arrest and deportation to concentration camps of all homosexuals in Germany, with the exception of certain top Nazi officials. 1942 – World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a Allied victory. 1943 – Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps". 1945 – Venezuela joins the UN. 1948 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent succeeds William Lyon Mackenzie King as Prime Minister of Canada. 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi. 1953 - The sugar spreader is patented in West Germany. 1955 - The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan is founded. It ends up governing Japan continuously until 1993. 1960 - Basketball: An NBA record is set when Elgin Baylor of the New York Knicks scored 71 points in a single game. 1960 - A train crash in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia (now-Czech Republic) kills 110 people. 1966 - The Gemini 12 space probe splashed into the Atlantic Ocean, at the end of the Gemini program. 1966 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashed near Berlin, killing all the 3 people on board. 1969 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war. 1971 - Intel released the world's first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004. 1976 - Rene Levesque became Premier of Quebec. 1978 - A chartered Douglas DC-8 airplane crashed near Colombo, Sri Lanka. 1983 – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded. 1985 – The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald. 1987 - Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a Douglas-9-14 jetliner, crashed in a snowstorm at Stapleton International Airport, Denver, Colorado, killing 28 people, with 54 surviving. 1987 - In Brasov, Romania, workers rebel against the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceausescu. 1988 – An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council. 1988 - The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands. 1990 - A new republican form of government is created in Bulgaria. 1990 - Space Shuttle Atlantis launched with Flight STS-38. 1990 – Producers admit that Milli Vanilli, who won the 1990 "Best New Artist" Grammy Award, did not sing on their album. 2000 - A chartered Antonov An-24 crashed after take-off from Luanda, Angola, killing over 40 people. 2000 - In India, the new state of Jharkhand is created, out of the southern part of the state of Bihar. From 2001 2002 – Hu Jintao became general secretary of the Communist Party of China. 2003 – In Istanbul, two synagogues are bombed, killing 25 people. 2005 - Boeing officially launched the stretched Boeing 747-8. 2006 - Al Jazeera English news channel launched worldwide. 2007 – Tropical Cyclone Sidr hits Bangladesh, killing around 5000 people. It also caused a large amount of destruction to the Sundarbans mangrove forest. 2012 - Xi Jinping is announced as the next general secretary of the Communist Party of China, expected to lead China until 2022. 2017 - The military took over in Zimbabwe as President Robert Mugabe is placed under house arrest. 2017 - It is announced that a postal survey in Australia resulted in 61.6% of participating voters supporting same-sex marriage. 2017 - The Scottish Government is allowed to introduce a minimum price for alcohol after a ruling following a long-running court case. This would make Scotland the first country in the world to introduce this policy. 2017 - Leonardo da Vinci's painting "Salvator Mundi" sells for 450 million United States dollars at auction in New York City, smashing the previous record for a work of art in such a sale. 2017 - Argentine submarine "ARA San Juan" was lost off the coast of southern Argentina, with 44 people on board. 2018 - In the United Kingdom, several government ministers resign over Prime Minister Theresa May's proposed Brexit deal, including Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab and Work and Pensions Secretary Esther McVey. Births Up to 1900 457 - B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, Mayan king (d. 501) 968 - Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1034) 1316 - King John I of France (d. November 20, 1316) 1397 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455) 1498 - Eleanor of Austria (d. 1558) 1511 - Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536) 1559 – Archduke Albert of Austria (d. 1621) 1607 - Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (d. 1701) 1661 - Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in the Americas (d. 1743) 1688 - Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician (d. 1757) 1708 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778) 1738 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822) 1741 - Johann Kaspar Lavater, German philosopher (d. 1801) 1746 - Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (d. 1809) 1778 - Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian adventurer, engineer, weightlifter and acrobat (d. 1823) 1784 – Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (d. 1860) 1804 - Eugenio Aguilar, Supreme Director of El Salvador (d. 1879) 1852 - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (d. 1892) 1859 – Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960) 1862 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist (d. 1946) 1867 - Emil Krebs, German polyglot (someone who speaks many languages) and sinologist (d. 1930) 1868 - Emil Racovita, Romanian biologist, zoologist and explorer of Antarctica (d. 1947) 1873 - Sara Josephine Baker, American physician and academic (d. 1945) 1874 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949) 1874 - Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (d. 1941) 1879 - Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953) 1881 - Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960) 1882 - Felix Frankfurter, American jurist (d. 1965) 1886 - René Guénon, French philosopher and author (d. 1951) 1887 - Hitoshi Ashida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1959) 1887 - Marianne Moore, American poet and writer (d. 1972) 1887 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (d. 1986) 1888 - Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian oceanographer (d. 1957) 1889 - Manuel II, last King of Portugal (d. 1932) 1891 - W. Averell Harriman, 48th Governor of New York (d. 1986) 1891 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944) 1892 - Naomi Childers, American actress (d. 1964) 1893 - Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italian writer (d. 1973) 1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) 1895 - Antoni Slominski, Polish journalist, poet and playwright (d. 1976) 1897 – Aneurin Bevan, British politician (d. 1960) 1899 - Avdy Andresson, Estonian statesman (d. 1990) 1901 1950 1905 - Mantovani, Italian-born composer (d. 1980) 1906 - Curtis LeMay, US Air Force General (d. 1990) 1907 – Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German army officer during World War II (d. 1944) 1910 - Hugh Greene, British journalist (d. 1987) 1912 - Yi Wu, Korean prince (d. 1945) 1912 - Albert Baez, American physicist (d. 2007) 1912 - Fosco Maraini, Italian photographer, anthropologist, ethnologist, writer, mountaineer and academic (d. 2004) 1913 - Guy Green, British movie director (d. 2005) 1914 - Giuseppe Caprio, Italian cardinal (d. 2005) 1914 - V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian judge (d. 2014) 1915 - David Stirling, British founder of the SAS (d. 1990) 1916 - Nita Barrow, 7th Governor-General of Barbados (d. 1995) 1916 - Bill Melendez, Mexican-American animator (d. 2008) 1919 - Joseph Wapner, American television personality (d. 2017) 1922 - David Sidney Feingold, American biochemist 1922 - Francesco Rosi, Italian movie director (d. 2015) 1925 - Howard Baker, American politician (d. 2014) 1927 - Bill Rowling, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1995) 1927 - Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d. 1992) 1929 – Ed Asner, American actor (d. 2021) 1930 – J. G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009) 1930 - Aureliano Bolognesi, Italian boxer (d. 2018) 1930 - Olene S. Walker, former Governor of Utah (d. 2015) 1931 – Mwai Kibaki, former President of Kenya 1931 - Pascal Lissouba, Congolese politician 1931 - John Kerr, American actor and lawyer (d. 2013) 1932 – Petula Clark, English singer 1932 - Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher 1933 - Jack Burns, American comedian 1933 - Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (d. 2017) 1934 - Joanna Barnes, American actress 1935 - Nera White, American basketball player (d. 2016) 1936 – Wolf Biermann, German writer 1937 - Little Willie John, American singer (d. 1968) 1939 - W. C. Clark, American blues musician 1939 - Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician (d. 2015) 1940 - Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer 1940 - Hank Wangford, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1940 – Sam Waterston, American actor 1942 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born conductor 1945 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian-born Swedish singer (ABBA) 1945 - Bob Gunton, American actor 1945 - Roger Donaldson, Australian-New Zealand director, producer and screenwriter 1946 - Vasilis Goumas, Greek basketball player 1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician and former Governor of New Mexico 1947 - Malcolm Ranjith, Sri Lankan cardinal 1948 - David Caygill, New Zealand politician 1950 - Graham Parker, English singer-songwriter 1950 - Egon Vaupel, German politician, 16th Mayor of Marburg 1951 1975 1951 - Beverly D'Angelo, American actress 1951 - Billy McColl, Scottish actor (d. 2014) 1952 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (d. 2011) 1953 – Alexander O'Neal, American singer 1953 - Toshio Takabayashi, Japanese footballer 1954 - Emma Dent Coad, English politician 1954 – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former President of Poland 1954 - Uli Stielike, German footballer 1956 - Michael Hampton, American guitarist (Funkadelic) 1957 - Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist 1957 - Harold Marcuse, American historian and educator 1958 - Gu Kailai, Chinese lawyer and businesswoman 1958 - Lesley Laird, Scottish politician 1960 - Susanne Lothar, German actress (d. 2012) 1963 – Andrew Castle, English television presenter and former tennis player 1963 - Toru Sano, Japanese footballer 1965 – Nigel Bond, English snooker player 1967 – Dom Joly, English comedian and journalist 1967 – Gustavo Poyet, Uruguayan footballer 1967 - François Ozon, French director and screenwriter 1967 - Pandeli Majko, former Prime Minister of Albania 1968 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004) 1968 - Jennifer Charles, American singer-songwriter 1968 - Fausto Brizzi, Italian director and screenwriter 1968 - Uwe Rösler, German footballer and manager 1970 - Pedro Caixinha, Portuguese footballer and manager 1970 - Patrick M'Boma, Cameroonian footballer 1972 - Jessica Hynes, English actress 1972 - Jonny Lee Miller, English actor 1973 - Albert Portas, Spanish tennis player 1974 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer (Nickelback) 1975 - Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player From 1976 1976 - Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian, actor and stuntman 1976 - Virginie Ledoyen, French actress 1977 – Peter Phillips, first grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II 1977 - Sean Murray, American actor 1979 - Josemi, Spanish footballer 1979 - Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist 1979 - Robert Kendrick, American tennis player 1979 - Albert Rivera, Spanish politician 1981 - Jordan Buckley, American guitarist 1981 - Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer 1982 - Kalu Uche, Nigerian footballer 1983 - John Heitinga, Dutch footballer 1983 - Veli-Matti Lindström, Finnish ski jumper 1983 - Laura Smet, French actress 1983 – Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player 1984 – Gemma Atkinson, English actress 1985 - Lily Aldridge, American fashion model 1985 - Jeffree Star, American performer 1986 - Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player 1988 - Zena Grey, American actress 1988 - B.o.B, American rapper and producer 1988 - Morgan Parra, French rugby player 1988 - Billy Twelvetrees, English rugby player 1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress 1992 - Kevin Wimmer, Austrian footballer 1992 - Minami Minegishi, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48) 1993 - Saaya Irie, Japanese actress and singer 1993 - Paulo Dybala, Argentine footballer 1994 - Saffron Coomber, English actress 1995 - Karl-Anthony Towns, Dominican-American basketball player 1998 - Benedict Mateo, Filipino artist Deaths Up to 1900 655 - Penda, King of Mercia 1028 – Constantine VIII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 960) 1136 - Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (b. 1073) 1210 - Ly Cap Tong, King of the Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1173) 1280 - Albertus Magnus, German theologian, bishop and philosopher 1544 - King Jungjong of Joseon of Korea (b. 1506) 1594 - Martin Frobisher, English explorer (b. 1539) 1630 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571) 1670 - John Amos Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592) 1706 - Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683) 1712 - James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish general and politician (b. 1658) 1712 - Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675) 1787 - Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714) 1794 - John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723) 1819 - Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749) 1832 - Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist (b. 1767) 1839 - William Murdoch, Scottish engineer and inventor (b. 1754) 1853 – Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819) 1901 2000 1908 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China (b. 1835) 1910 - Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831) 1914 - Harry Turner, American baseball player 1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish writer (b. 1846) 1917 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858) 1919 – Alfred Werner, German chemist (b. 1866) 1919 - Mohammad Farid, Egyptian politician (b. 1868) 1922 - Dimitrios Gounaris, Greek politician (b. 1866) 1922 - Georgios Hatzianestis, Greek general (b. 1863) 1922 - Petros Protopapadakis, Greek politician (b. 1854) 1922 - Nikolaos Stratos, Greek politician (b. 1872) 1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte, conspirators against Mahatma Gandhi 1954 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1879) 1958 – Tyrone Power, American actor (b. 1914) 1959 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist (b. 1869) 1961 - Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883) 1963 - Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1888) 1967 - Michael J. Adams, American test pilot (b. 1930) 1976 - Jean Gabin, French actor (b. 1904) 1978 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901) 1980 - Emilio Pujol, Catalan guitarist and composer (b. 1886) 1982 - Vinoba Bhave, Indian Human rights advocate (b. 1895) 1983 – John Le Mesurier, English actor (b. 1912) 1988 - Archbishop Ieronymos I of Athens, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (b. 1905) 1996 – Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (b. 1904) 1998 - Stokely Carmichael, American Civil rights activist (b. 1941) 2000 - Piero Pasinati, Italian footballer (b. 1910) From 2001 2002 – Myra Hindley, English murderer (b. 1942) 2003 - Dorothy Loudon, American actress (b. 1933) 2003 - Speedy West, American musician (b. 1924) 2004 - Elmer L. Anderson, American politician (b. 1909) 2006 – Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian fashion model (b. 1985) 2007 - Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player (b. 1928) 2009 – Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1914) 2009 – Pierre Harmel, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1911) 2010 – Larry Evans, American chess player (b. 1932) 2011 – Oba Chandler, American murderer (b. 1946) 2013 - Glafcos Clerides, 4th President of Cyprus (b. 1919) 2013 - Raimondo D'Inzeo, Italian equestrian show jumper (b. 1925) 2014 - Lucien Clergue, French photographer (b. 1934) 2014 - Reg Withers, Australian politician (b. 1924) 2014 - Valéry Mézague, Cameroonian footballer (b. 1983) 2015 - Moira Orfei, Italian actress (b. 1931) 2015 - Vincent Margera, American television personality (b. 1956) 2015 - Saeed Jaffrey, Indian actor (b. 1929) 2015 - Herbert Scarf, American mathematician (b. 1930) 2015 - Dora Doll, French actress (b. 1922) 2015 - Nicoletta Machiavelli, Italian actress (b. 1944) 2016 - Mose Allison, American jazz musician (b. 1927) 2016 - Sixto Durán Ballén, 37th President of Ecuador (b. 1921) 2017 - Luis Bacalov, Argentine-Italian film score composer (b. 1933) 2017 - Keith Barron, English actor (b. 1934) 2017 - Françoise Héritier, French anthropologist and feminist (b. 1933) 2017 - Frans Krajcberg, Polish-Brazilian artist (b. 1921) 2017 - Lil Peep, American singer and rapper (b. 1996) 2018 - John Bluthal, Polish-born British-Australian actor (b. 1929) 2018 - Roy Clark, American country music singer and television host (b. 1933) 2018 - Adolf Grünbaum, German-American science professor (b. 1923) 2018 - Zhores Medvedev, Russian agronomist, biologist and dissident (b. 1925) 2018 - Mike Noble, British comic artist and cartoonist (b. 1930) 2018 - Luigi Rossi di Montelera, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1946) 2018 - Aldyr Schlee, Brazilian writer, journalist, translator, illustrator and professor (b. 1934) 2018 - Sigmund Steinnes, Norwegian politician (b. 1959) 2019 - Mark Cady, American judge (b. 1953) 2019 - Jim Coates, American baseball player (b. 1932) 2019 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete (b. 1923) 2019 - Vladimir Hotineanu, Moldovan politician (b. 1950) 2019 - Irv Noren, American baseball player (b. 1924) 2019 - Juliusz Paetz, Polish archbishop (b. 1935) Holidays and observances Brazil – Republic Proclamation Day (1889) Palestine – Independence Day (declared 1988) Japan – Shichi-Go-San – traditional rite of passage and festival day for three and seven year-old girls and three and five year-old boys Belgium Day of the German-speaking Community King's Feast Eastern Orthodox Christianity - beginning of Winter Lent Days of the year

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November 16

Events Up to 1950 1272 - Edward I of England becomes King while fighting in the Ninth Crusade. 1532 – Inca ruler Atahualpa is captured by Spanish Conquistadors. 1632 – Thirty Years' War: Swedish troops defeat an imperial army under Albrecht von Wallenstein, but lose their king, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. 1776 - American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the patriots. 1776 - The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize US independence. 1793 - Reign of Terror: 90 anti-republican Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning in Nantes, France. 1797 - Frederick William III of Prussia becomes King. 1849 – A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his execution is canceled at the last minute. 1855 – David Livingstone becomes the first European to reach Victoria Falls. 1857 - 24 Victoria Crosses are given in one day, a record that still stands. 1863 - American Civil War: The Battle of Campbell's Station is fought near Knoxville, Tennessee. 1869 - The Suez Canal is opened to shipping. 1885 - Canadian rebel leader Louis Riel is executed for treason. 1896 – First transmission of electrical power between two cities was sent from Niagara Falls to industries in Buffalo, New York. 1904 – John Ambrose Fleming invents the vacuum tube. 1907 – Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory become Oklahoma and are admitted as the 46th U.S. state. 1907 - RMS Mauretania is launched by the Cunard Line. The ship sets sail on its first voyage from Liverpool to New York City. 1914 – The Federal Reserve System in the United States officially starts business. 1915 - The characterised Coca-Cola bottle is patented in the United States. 1920 - Australian airline Qantas is founded as the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited. 1933 – The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations. 1933 - American Jimmie Angel re-discovers Angel Falls in Venezuela. 1940 – World War II: In response to Germany leveling Coventry two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg. 1944 - World War II: The German city of Düren is destroyed by Allied bombing. 1945 – UNESCO is founded. From 1951 1957 – Serial killer Ed Gein murders his last victim, Bernice Worden. 1959 - The Sound of Music opens on Broadway, New York. 1965 – The Soviet Venera 3 probe is launched to the planet Venus. 1970 – Hafez al-Assad comes to power in Syria. 1973 - NASA launches Skylab 4 with three astronauts on board for an 84-day mission, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. 1973 - US President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, allowing for building work to begin on the Trans-Alaska oil Pipeline. 1979 - The first line of the Bucharest Metro is opened. 1980 - An explosion at a military base in Bangkok, Thailand kills 38 people. 1988 – The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that the Estonia was "sovereign" but stopped short of declaring independence. 1988 – In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan choose Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister. 1993 – Guyana joins the UN. 1994 - Emomalii Rahmon becomes President of Tajikistan. 1996 – Mother Teresa receives honorary US citizenship. 1997 - After 18 years of imprisonment, the People's Republic of China releases activist Wei Jingsheng for medical reasons. 2000 – Bill Clinton becomes the first current US President to visit Vietnam. 2006 – Rioting occurs in Nuku'alofa, Tonga. 2013 - Sachin Tendulkar, one of most famous cricketers in the world, retires from playing cricket after his last test match (India v. West Indies). 2017 - Cambodia's highest court declares the main opposition party illegal. 2018 - After several resignations in the British cabinet over Brexit, Stephen Barclay is appointed Brexit Secretary and former Home Secretary Amber Rudd becomes Work and Pensions Secretary. 2019 - Gotabaya Rajapaksa is elected President of Sri Lanka. Births Up to 1900 42 BC – Tiberius, Roman Emperor (d. 37) 1436 - Leonardo Loredan, Doge of Venice (d. 1521) 1569 - Paul Sartorius, German composer and organist (d. 1609) 1643 - Jean Chardin, French explorer (d. 1703) 1717 – Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician (d. 1793) 1720 - Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. 1788) 1753 - James McHenry, American statesman (d. 1816) 1766 - Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. 1831) 1807 – Jónas Hallgrímsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1845) 1823 - Henry G. Davis, United States Senator (d. 1916) 1827 - Charles Eliot Norton, American scholar (d. 1908) 1835 - Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (d. 1900) 1836 – David Kalakaua, King of Hawaii (d. 1891) 1839 - Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian poet, author and politician (d. 1908) 1841 - Jules Violle, French physicist (d. 1923) 1847 - Edmund James Flynn, 10th Premier of Quebec (d. 1927) 1850 - Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (d. 1901) 1851 - Minnie Hauk, American soprano (d. 1929) 1855 – Tommaso Tittoni, Italian Prime Minister (d. 1931) 1857 – Jón Sveinsson, Icelandic writer (d. 1944) 1873 – W. C. Handy, American blues musician (d. 1958) 1874 - Alexander Kolchak, Russian explorer and politician (d. 1920) 1880 - Alexander Blok, Russian poet (d. 1921) 1883 - Emil Breitkreutz, American runner (d. 1972) 1886 - Arthur B. Krock, American political journalist (d. 1974) 1889 - George Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961) 1890 – Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (d. 1956) 1891 - Julius Leber, German politician and Resistance activist (d. 1945) 1892 - Guo Moruo, Chinese poet, author and historian (d. 1978) 1895 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963) 1896 – Pavel Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (d. 1982) 1896 - Joan Lindsay, Australian novelist, playwright, essayist and visual artist (d. 1984) 1896 – Oswald Mosley, British fascist politician (d. 1980) 1896 - Lawrence Tibbett, American baritone (d. 1960) 1897 – Choudhary Rahmat Ali, Pakistani student (d. 1951) 1898 – Warren McCulloch, American neuropsychologist (d. 1969) 1901 1950 1901 – Ernest Nagel, Czech philosopher (d. 1985) 1904 – Nnamdi Azikiwe, first President of Nigeria (d. 1996) 1905 – Eddie Condon, American jazz musician (d. 1973) 1907 – Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. 1997) 1908 – Soeur Emmanuelle, French-Belgian nun (d. 2008) 1909 - Maurizio Valenzi, Italian politician (d. 2009) 1913 - Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (d. 2015) 1915 - Jean Fritz, American writer (d. 2017) 1916 - Daws Butler, American voice actor (d. 1988) 1916 - Al Lucas, Canadian jazz musician (d. 1983) 1921 - Edmondo Fabbri, Italian footballer (d. 1995) 1922 – José Saramago, Portuguese writer (d. 2010) 1922 - Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist, physicist and engineer (d. 2015) 1924 - Mel Patton, American athlete (d. 2014) 1925 - Gianfranco Dell'Innocenti, Italian footballer (d. 2012) 1930 – Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic (d. 2013) 1930 - Salvatore Riina, Italian mafia boss (d. 2017) 1931 - Hubert Sumlin, American blues musician (d. 2011) 1935 – Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, Iraqi-Lebanese spiritual leader (d. 2010) 1935 – France-Albert René, former President of the Seychelles (d. 2019) 1935 - Elizabeth Drew, American journalist 1935 - Magdi Yacoub, Egyptian heart surgeon 1937 - Lothar Spaeth, German politician (d. 2016) 1938 – Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002) 1940 - Donna McKechnie, American actress, singer and dancer 1942 – Willie Carson, Scottish jockey 1942 - Chi Coltrane, American musician and singer 1946 – Wolfgang Kleff, German footballer 1946 - Terence McKenna, American philosopher (d. 2000) 1946 - Ole Olsen, Danish speedway rider 1946 - Colin Burgess, Australian drummer 1948 – Arie Haan, Dutch footballer 1948 - Norbert Lammert, German politician 1948 - Bonnie Greer, American playwright and critic 1950 - David Leisure, American actor 1950 - David Wilson-Johnson, English operatic baritone 1951 1975 1951 - Miguel Sandoval, American actor 1952 – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game creator (Nintendo) 1952 - Sam Watson, Australian indigenous activist, politician and writer (d. 2019) 1952 - Piero Falchetta, Italian archivist, essayist and translator 1953 – Griff Rhys Jones, Welsh actor, comedian and writer 1953 - Brigitte Zypries, German politician 1954 - Luis Conte, Cuban drummer 1955 - Héctor Cúper, Argentine footballer and coach 1957 - Rafael Amador, Mexican footballer 1957 - Jacques Gamblin, French actor 1958 - Sooronbay Jeenbekov, President of Kyrgyzstan 1958 – Marg Helgenberger, American actress 1961 – Frank Bruno, British boxer 1961 - Corinne Hermès, French singer 1962 - Gary Mounfield (Mani), English musician 1962 - Darwyn Cooke, Canadian comic writer (d. 2016) 1962 - Josh Silver, American musician 1963 – Zina Garrison, American tennis player 1964 – Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress 1964 - Luciano Floridi, Italian philosopher 1964 - Dwight Gooden, American baseball player 1964 – Diana Krall, Canadian jazz singer 1964 - Maeve Quinlan, American actress 1965 - Mika Aaltonen, Finnish footballer 1965 - Mark Benton, English actor 1966 - Joey Cape, American singer, songwriter, guitarist and producer 1966 - Christian Lorenz, German musician 1967 – Lisa Bonet, American actress 1968 - Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (d. 2014) 1970 - Martha Plimpton, American actress 1971 - Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer 1971 - Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer 1972 - Michael Irby, American actor 1972 - Missi Pyle, American actress 1973 - Christian Horner, British Formula One team principal 1974 – Paul Scholes, English footballer 1974 - Brooke Elliott, American actress and singer 1974 - Maurizio Margaglio, Italian ice dancer From 1976 1976 – Danny Wallace, British writer 1977 – Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress 1977 – Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater 1978 – Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer 1979 – Bruce Irons, American surfer 1980 – Osi Umeniyora, American football player 1981 – Allison Crowe, Canadian singer-songwriter 1981 – Caitlin Glass, American voice actress, singer and director 1981 – Kate Miller-Heidke, Australian singer-songwriter 1982 – Amar'e Stoudemire, American basketball player 1983 – Kari Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey player 1983 – Britta Steffen, German swimmer 1983 – Victor Vazquez, American musician and artist 1984 – Kimberly J. Brown, American actress 1985 - Sanna Marin, Finnish politician, Prime Minister of Finland 1985 – Saori Yamamoto, Japanese model 1986 – Saeko, Japanese actress 1986 – Maxime Médard, French rugby player 1986 – Aleksey Kozlov, Russian footballer 1987 – Vicky Pattison, British television personality 1988 – Siva Kaneswaran, British singer (The Wanted) 1989 – Vicki Adams, Scottish curler 1991 – Tomomi Kasai, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48) 1993 – Pete Davidson, American comedian and actor 1995 – Noah Gray-Cabey, American actor and pianist Deaths Up to 1900 498 - Pope Anastasius II 1093 – Saint Margaret, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of King Malcolm III, mother of Kings Alexander I, David I and Edgar (b. 1045) 1240 - Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1175) 1272 – Henry III, King of England (b. 1207) 1328 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1276) 1632 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. 1594) (killed in battle) 1672 - Heinrich Schuetz, German composer (b. 1585) 1724 - Jack Sheppard, English highwayman (b. 1702) 1779 - Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716) 1790 - Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723) 1797 – Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744) 1802 - André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746) 1806 - Moses Claeveland, American lawyer and surveyor (b. 1754) 1878 - Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1874) 1885 - Louis Riel, Canadian political activist (b. 1844) 1901 2000 1907 - Robert I, Duke of Parma (b. 1848) 1908 - Henri-Gustave de Lotbinière, 4th Premier of Quebec (b. 1829) 1911 - A. A. Ames, American politician (b. 1842) 1911 - Lawrence Feuerbach, American athlete (b. 1879) 1912 - William Larrabee, 13th Governor of Iowa (b. 1832) 1922 – Max Abraham, German physicist (b. 1875) 1934 – Carl von Linde, German inventor and engineer (b. 1842) 1941 - Eduard Ellman-Eelma, Estonian footballer (b. 1902) 1945 – Sigurdur Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1875) 1947 - Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1877) 1950 - Bob Smith, American physician and surgeon (b. 1879) 1956 - Otori Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1887) 1960 - Gilbert Harding, English television personality (b. 1907) 1960 – Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901) 1961 – Sam Rayburn, American Speaker of the House (b. 1882) 1965 – W. T. Cosgrave, Irish Taoiseach (b. 1880) 1971 – Edie Sedgwick, American actress (b. 1943) 1972 - Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1889) 1973 - Alan Watts, English writer and philosopher (b. 1915) 1974 - Walther Meissner, German technical physicist (b. 1882) 1980 - Jayan, Indian actor (b. 1938) 1982 - Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, Russian mathematician (b. 1896) 1985 - Omayra Sanchez, Colombian girl, high-profile victim of the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic eruption (b. 1972) 1986 - Siobhan McKenna, Irish actress (b. 1923) 1993 - Lucia Popp, Slovakian soprano (b. 1939) 1999 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist (b. 1928) 2000 - Russ Conway, British pianist, composer and singer (b. 1925) 2000 - DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. 1971) From 2001 2004 - Margaret Hassan, Irish aid worker (b. 1945) 2005 – Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist (b. 1915) 2006 – Milton Friedman, American economist (b. 1912) 2008 – Reg Varney, British actor (b. 1916) 2009 – Edward Woodward, British actor (b. 1930) 2009 – Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978) 2012 - Aliu Mahama, Ghanaian politician (b. 1946) 2014 - Peter Kassig, American aid worker (b. 1988) 2014 - Kim Ja-ok, South Korean actress (b. 1951) 2014 - Sik Kok Kwong, Hong Kong Buddhist monk (b. 1919) 2014 - Jadwiga Pilsudska, Polish pilot (b. 1920) 2014 - Carl Sanders, American politician, Governor of Georgia (b. 1925) 2014 - Serge Moscovici, French psychologist (b. 1925) 2015 - Nando Gazzolo, Italian actor (b. 1928) 2015 - David Canary, American actor (b. 1938) 2015 - Michael C. Gross, American graphic designer (b. 1945) 2015 - Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926) 2016 - Melvin Laird, American politician, United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1922) 2016 - Jay Wright Forrester, American computer technology pioneer (b. 1918) 2017 - Tobias Enverga, Filipino-Canadian politician (b. 1955) 2017 - Robert Hirsch, French comedian and actor (b. 1925) 2017 - Franciszek Kornicki, Polish fighter pilot (b. 1916) 2017 - Erik Meijs, Dutch badminton player (b. 1991) 2017 - Hiromi Tsuru, Japanese voice actress (b. 1960) 2017 - Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (b. 1934) 2017 - Adalberto Giazotto, Italian physicist (b. 1940) 2018 - Scott English, American songwriter (b. 1937) 2018 - Pablo Ferro, Cuban-American graphic movie title designer (b. 1935) 2018 - William Goldman, American screenwriter (b. 1931) 2018 - Hiromasa Yonekura, Japanese businessman (b. 1937) 2019 - John Campbell Brown, Scottish astronomer (b. 1947) 2019 - Zeng Guoyuan, Singaporean businessman and politician (b. 1953) 2019 - Diane Loeffler, American politician (b. 1953) 2019 - Terry O'Neill, British photographer (b. 1938) Observances Icelandic Language Day International Day of Tolerance Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (Estonia) Days of the year

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November 17

Events Up to 1900 474 - Zeno becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 794 - Emperor Kammu of Japan changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto. 1183 - Battle of Mizushima in Japan. 1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. 1511 – Spain and England ally against France. 1558 – Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England. 1603 - English politician and explorer Walter Raleigh is put on trial for reason. 1659 - The Treaty of the Pyrenees is signed by France and Spain. 1777 - US Articles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification. 1796 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole - French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. 1800 – The United States Capitol building in Washington, DC holds its first session of the U.S. Congress. 1810 - Sweden declares war on the United Kingdom, though no fighting takes place. 1811 - José Miguel Carrera is sworn in as President of the Executive Junta of the government of Chile. 1820 - Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. 1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Greater Colombia. 1839 - Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan. 1863 - American Civil War: The Siege of Knoxville begins. Confederate forces under James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege. 1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony. 1871 - The National Rifle Association is given a charter by the state of New York. 1874 - British sailing ship Cospatrick catches fire in the South Atlantic Ocean and sinks, killing 467 people. 1876 - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is performed for the first time, in Moscow. 1878 - An assassination attempt is made on King Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante. 1901 2000 1903 - The Russian Social Democratic Party splits into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. 1919 – King George V of the United Kingdom proclaims Armistice Day (later Remembrance Day). The idea was first suggested by Edward George Honey. 1922 - Former Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, goes into exile in Italy. 1933 – The United States recognizes the Soviet Union. 1939 - Nine Czech students are executed as a response to Anti-Nazi protests after the death of Jan Opletal. All Czech universities are shut down and over 1,200 students are sent to concentration camps. 1947 - The Screen Actors Guild implements an Anti-Communist loyalty oath. 1947 - American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor. 1950 - Lhamo Dondrub is officially named Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama. 1953 - The last people to have lived in the Blasket Islands, County Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated from their homes. 1954 – Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes President of Egypt. 1962 - John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, DC region. 1968 - Alexandros Panagoulis is condemned to death for attempting to kill Greek dictator George Papadopoulos. 1969 - Soviet and US negotiators meet in Helsinki to begin talks on limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides. 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai massacre. 1970 - Soviet Luna programme: The Soviet Union launches the "Lunokhod 1" probe to the Moon, released by the Luna 17 aircraft. 1973 - The Athens Polytechnic Uprising against the Greek military regime ends in bloodshed. 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, US President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook". 1982 - Duk Koo Kim, a South Korean boxer, dies as a result from injuries he suffered in a Las Vegas boxing match against Ray Mancini. 1983 - The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico. 1989 - The Velvet Revolution begins in Czechoslovakia against the government of Ladislav Adamec. It is part of the Fall of the Iron Curtain, and leads to Vaclav Havel becoming President on December 29. 1990 - Fugnendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcano in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, erupts. 1993 - The United States House of Representatives approves the North American Free Trade Agreement. 1993 - In Nigeria, Sani Abacha comes to power through a military coup against the government of Ernest Shonekon. 1997 - 62 people are killed by Islamic militants in Luxor, Egypt. 2000 - A landslide occurs at Log pog Mangartom, Slovenia, killing 7 people. 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as President of Peru. From 2001 2003 – Arnold Schwarzenegger becomes Governor of California. 2012 - Over 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Malafut, Egypt. 2013 - Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at the airport in Kazan, Russia, killing 50 people. 2018 - Ibrahim Mohamed Solih becomes President of the Maldives. Births Up to 1900 9 – Vespasian, Roman Emperor (d. 79) 1293 - King Philip V of France (d. 1322) 1502 – Atahualpa, last emperor of the Inca (d. 1533) 1503 - Agnolo Bronzini, Italian painter (d. 1572) 1576 - Roqué González de Santa Cruz, Paraguayan missionary (d. 1628) 1587 - Joost van den Vondel, Dutch poet, writer and playwright (d. 1679) 1612 - Dorgon, Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1650) 1729 – Maria Antonietta of Spain, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1785) 1749 – Nicolas Appert, French inventor (d. 1841) 1755 – King Louis XVIII of France (d. 1824) 1784 - Ebenezer Henderson, Scottish minister and missionary (d. 1858) 1790 – August Ferdinand Moebius, German mathematician (d. 1868) 1794 - George Grote, English classicist (d. 1871) 1816 - August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876) 1827 - Petko Slaveykov, Bulgarian poet (d. 1895) 1835 - Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (d. 1915) 1854 - Hubert Lyautey, French general (d. 1934) 1857 - Joseph Babinski, French neurologist (d. 1932) 1866 - Voltarine de Cleyre, American author and activist (d. 1912) 1868 - Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist (d. 1918) 1877 - Frank Calder, English-Canadian journalist and businessman (d. 1943) 1878 - Grace Abbott, American social worker (d. 1939) 1878 - Augustus Goessling, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1963) 1878 – Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist (d. 1968) 1886 - Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (d. 1957) 1887 – Bernard Montgomery, British World War II commander (d. 1976) 1895 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (d. 1975) 1895 - Gregorio López, Mexican journalist, author and poet (d. 1966) 1896 - Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934) 1901 1950 1901 – Lee Strasberg, Austrian director (d. 1982) 1901 - Walter Hallstein, German politician and diplomat (d. 1982) 1902 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist (d. 1995) 1904 – Salomeja Neris, Lithuanian poet (d. 1945) 1904 - Paul Chaudet, Swiss politician (d. 1977) 1905 – Queen Astrid of the Belgians (d. 1935) 1905 - Mischa Auer, Russian-born American actor (d. 1967) 1906 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese businessman and automobile executive (d. 1991) 1912 - Kim Sung-Gan, Korean-Japanese footballer (d. 1984) 1916 - George Silk, New Zealand-American photojournalist (d. 2004) 1916 - Shelby Foote, American historian and novelist (d. 2005) 1920 - Camillo Felgen, Luxembourg singer-songwriter (d. 2005) 1920 - Ellis Kaut, German writer and illustrator (d. 2015) 1921 - Albert Bertelsen, Danish painter 1922 – Stanley Cohen, American biochemist 1923 – Aristides Pereira, 1st President of Cape Verde (d. 2011) 1923 - Hubertus Brandenburg, German-born Swedish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2009) 1925 – Rock Hudson, American actor (d. 1985) 1925 – Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (d. 2010) 1926 - Vlasta Chramostová, Czech actress (d. 2019) 1928 - Arman, French-American artist (d. 2005) 1928 - Rance Howard, American actor (d. 2017) 1929 - Norm Zauchin, American baseball player (d. 1999) 1930 - Bob Mathias, American athlete, actor and politician (d. 2006) 1933 - Isao Iwabuchi, Japanese footballer (d. 2003) 1933 - Roger Leloup, Belgian comic artist and writer 1934 - Jim Inhofe, American politician, United States Senator for Oklahoma 1935 – Toni Sailer, Austrian skier (d. 2009) 1937 - Peter Cook, British author, actor and comedian (d. 1995) 1938 – Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian singer 1939 - Eddie Reeves, American songwriter and record label executive (d. 2018) 1940 - Luke Kelly, Irish singer and banjo player (d. 1984) 1940 - Gunnar Uldall, German politician (d. 2017) 1942 – Martin Scorsese, American movie director 1943 - Lauren Hutton, American actress 1944 – Danny DeVito, American actor 1944 – Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect 1944 - Joe Boeheim, American basketball player and coach 1944 - Lorne Michaels, Israeli-American television producer 1945 - Elvin Hayes, American basketball player 1945 - Jeremy Hanley, English politician 1946 – Martin Barre, English rock musician (Jethro Tull) 1946 - Terry Branstad, 39th Governor of Iowa 1947 - Jorge Sassi, Argentine actor (d. 2015) 1948 – Howard Dean, American politician 1948 - Tom Wolf, American politician, 47th Governor of Pennsylvania 1949 – Nguyen Tan Dung, Prime Minister of Vietnam 1949 – John Boehner, American politician 1951 1975 1951 - Dean Paul Martin, American singer, actor and tennis player (d. 1987) 1951 - Stephen Root, American actor 1951 - Jack Vettriano, Scottish painter 1952 - Cyril Ramaphosa, South African politician and businessman, President of South Africa 1954 – Chopper Read, Australian mobster (d. 2013) 1955 – Yolanda King, American activist (d. 2007) 1958 - Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, American actress and singer 1959 - Terry Fenwick, English footballer 1959 – Thomas Allofs, German footballer 1960 – Jonathan Ross, British television presenter 1960 - RuPaul, American actor, drag queen, model, author and singer 1960 - Mandy Yachad, South African cricketer and field hockey player 1961 - Wolfram Wuttke, German footballer (d. 2015) 1964 - Susan Rice, American politician and diplomat 1964 - Iain Stewart, Scottish geologist 1964 - Moses Sithole, South African serial killer 1966 – Jeff Buckley, American musician (d. 1997) 1966 – Richard Fortus, American guitarist (Guns N' Roses) 1966 - Daisy Fuentes, Cuban-American television host and model 1966 – Sophie Marceau, French actress 1967 - Tab Benoit, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1968 - Sean Miller, American basketball player 1970 - Paul Allender, English guitarist and songwriter 1971 - Michael Adams, English chess player 1972 - Kimya Dawson, American singer-songwriter 1972 - Lorraine Pascale, British chef and former model 1973 - Andreas Hedlund, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer 1973 - Eli Marrero, Cuban-American baseball player, coach and manager 1973 – Bernd Schneider, German footballer 1973 - Alexei Urmanov, Russian figure skater 1974 - Eunice Barber, Sierra Leonean-French heptathlete and long jumper 1974 - Leslie Bibb, American actress 1974 - Berto Romero, Spanish humorist 1975 - Jerome P. James, American basketball player From 1976 1976 - Jacqueline Aguilera, Venezuelan model 1976 - Brandon Call, American actor 1976 - Diane Neal, American actress 1978 - Frode Kippe, Norwegian footballer 1978 - Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress 1980 - Isaac Hanson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hanson) 1981 – Sarah Harding, English singer (Girls Aloud) 1983 - Ryan Bradley, American figure skater 1983 - Harry Lloyd, British actor 1984 - Park Han-byul, South Korean actress 1986 - Luis Aguiar, Uruguayan footballer 1986 – Nani, Portuguese footballer 1986 - Alexis Vastine, French boxer (d. 2015) 1986 - Greg Rutherford, British long jumper and sprinter 1987 – Gemma Spofforth, British swimmer 1990 - Shanica Knowles, American actress and singer 1990 - Doriemus, New Zealand racehorse (d. 2015) 1993 - Taylor Gold, American snowboarder 1994 – Raquel Castro, American actress 1998 - Kara Hayward, American actress Deaths Up to 1900 344 - Emperor Kang of Jin 375 – Valentinian I, Roman Emperor (b. 321) 474 - Leo II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 467) 594 - Gregory of Tours, Gallo-Roman bishop 641 - Emperor Jomei of Japan (b. 593) 885 - Liugard of Saxony (b. 845) 1231 - Elizabeth of Hungary (b. 1207) 1492 - Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414) 1494 - Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher (b. 1463) 1558 - Reginald Pole, English archbishop (b. 1500) 1558 – Queen Mary I of England (b. 1516) 1562 - Antoine of Navarre (b. 1518) 1592 – King John III of Sweden (b. 1537) 1600 - Kuki Yoshitaka, Japanese navy commander (b. 1542) 1632 - Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1594) 1713 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1653) 1720 - Calico Jack, English pirate (b. 1682) 1768 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1693) 1780 - Bernardo Bellotto, Italian painter (b. 1720) 1796 – Catherine II of Russia (b. 1729) 1818 – Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen Consort of Great Britain and Ireland (b. 1744) 1825 - Walter Leake, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1762) 1858 – Robert Owen, Welsh social reformer (b. 1771) 1893 - Alexander of Battenberg, Prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857) 1901 2000 1905 – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1817) 1917 – Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (b. 1840) 1920 - John Franklin Fort, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1852) 1922 - Robert Comtesse, Swiss politician (b. 1847) 1924 - Patriarch Gregory VII of Constantinople (b. 1850) 1928 - Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian author and politician (b. 1865) 1929 - Herman Hollerith, American businessman (b. 1860) 1934 - Joachim Ringelnatz, German writer (b. 1883) 1940 - Eric Gill, English sculptor (b. 1882) 1940 - Raymond Pearl, American biologist (b. 1879) 1947 - Ricarda Huch, German writer, poet, philosopher and historian (b. 1864) 1959 – Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (b. 1887) 1961 - Michael Rockefeller, American explorer (b. 1938) 1966 – James Jabara, American Air Force pilot (b. 1923) 1968 – Mervyn Peake, British writer (b. 1911) 1971 - Debaki Bose, Indian actor, director and writer (b. 1898) 1971 - Gladys Cooper, British actress (b. 1888) 1973 - Mirra Alfassa, French-Indian spiritual leader (b. 1878) 1974 – Erskine Hamilton Childers, President of Ireland (b. 1905) 1979 – John Glascock, British musician (Jethro Tull) (b. 1951) 1982 - Duk Koo Kim, South Korean boxer (b. 1959) 1985 - Lon Nol, Cambodian politician (b. 1913) 1986 - Georges Besse, French manager (Renault) (b. 1927) 1987 - Paul Derringer, American baseball player (b. 1906) 1990 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist (b. 1915) 1992 - Audre Lorde, Caribbean-American author, poet and activist (b. 1934) 1998 - Esther Rolle, American actress (b. 1920) 2000 – Louis Néel, French physicist (b. 1904) From 2001 2002 - Abba Eban, Israeli politician (b. 1915) 2004 - Alexander Ragulin, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1941) 2004 - Mikael Ljungberg, Swedish wrestler (b. 1970) 2006 – Ferenc Puskas, Hungarian footballer (b. 1927) 2006 – Bo Schembechler, American football coach (b. 1929) 2006 – Flo Sandon's, Italian singer (b. 1924) 2010 – Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa, Brazilian footballer (b. 1923) 2012 - Bal Thackeray, Indian politician (b. 1926) 2013 - Doris Lessing, British writer (b. 1919) 2014 - Bill Frenzel, American politician (b. 1928) 2014 - Jimmy Ruffin, American singer (b. 1936) 2015 - Rahim Moeini Kermanshahi, Iranian poet and songwriter (b. 1922) 2016 - Ruth Gruber, American journalist (b. 1911) 2016 - Whitney Smith, American vexillologist (b. 1940) 2017 - Salvatore Riina, Italian mafia boss (b. 1930) 2017 - Earle Hyman, American actor (b. 1926) 2017 - Rikard Wolff, Swedish actor (b. 1958) 2017 - Aleksandr Salnikov, Soviet-Ukrainian basketball player (b. 1949) 2018 - Richard Baker, English broadcaster (b. 1925) 2018 - Gene Berce, American basketball player (b. 1926) 2018 - Kayo Dottley, American football player (b. 1928) 2018 - Alyque Padamsee, Indian actor (b. 1928) 2018 - Eduard von Falz-Fein, Russian-born Liechtensteiner businessman, journalist and sportsman (b. 1912) 2019 - Harley D. Nygren, American admiral and photographer (b. 1924) 2019 - Adnan Pachachi, Iraqi politician and diplomat (b. 1923) Observances International Students' Day World Prematurity Day Struggle for Freedom and Democracy (Czech Republic and Slovakia) Days of the year

10097

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2018

November 18

Events Up to 1900 326 - The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated in Rome. 401 - Visigoths, led by King Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade present-day northern Italy. 1095 – The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land, begins. 1180 - Philip II of France becomes King. 1210 - Pope Innocent III excommunicates Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. 1302 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam ("The One Holy"). 1307 – According to legend, William Tell shoots an apple off of his son's head. 1421 – A seawall at the Zuiderzee dike breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people in the Netherlands. 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights what is now Puerto Rico. 1494 - King Charles VII of France occupies Florence, present-day Italy. 1626 - St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated in Rome. 1738 - Augustus III is decided as the King of Poland, as the Peace of Vienna ends the War of the Polish Succession. 1803 – The Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution, is fought, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere. 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Krasnoi. 1863 - King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November Constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark. 1883 – American and Canadian railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times. 1901 2000 1903 – The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the Americans exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone. 1904 – General Esteban Huertas steps down after the government of Panama fears he wants to stage a coup. 1905 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway. 1905 - British steamship Hilda strikes a reef off Brittany and sinks during a snowstorm, killing 125 people. 1909 - Two US warships are sent to Nicaragua after 500 revolutionaries (including 2 Americans) are executed by order of Jose Santos Zelaya. 1916 - World War I: The first Battle of the Somme ends indecisively. 1918 – Latvia declares its independence from Russia. 1926 – George Bernard Shaw refuses to accept the money for his Nobel Prize, saying, "I can forgive Alfred Nobel for inventing dynamite, but only a fiend in human form could have invented the Nobel Prize." 1926 - Dominions of the British Empire are recognised as independent states. 1928 – Release of the animated short Steamboat Willie, the first fully synchronized sound cartoon, directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, featuring the second appearances of cartoon stars Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse. This is also considered by the Disney corporation to be Mickey's birthday. 1929 - A magnitude 7.2 earthquake, centred south of Newfoundland, strikes. 12 undersea cables are broken and some south coast communities are destroyed. 1936 - Germany and Italy recognise the government of Francisco Franco in Spain. 1939 - Dutch ocean steamer Simon Bolivar runs over a German minefield near Harwich, exploding twice before sinking, killing 102 people. 1940 – German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of Greece. 1943 – World War II: 440 Royal Air Force planes bomb Berlin causing only light damage and killing 131. The RAF lost nine aircraft and 53 air crew. 1944 - The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba. 1947 - The Ballantyne's Department Store fire in Christchurch, New Zealand, kills 41 people. 1961 - John F. Kennedy sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam. 1963 - The push-button telephone goes into service. 1968 - The James Watt Street factory fire in Glasgow, Scotland, kills 22 people. 1970 - Joe Frazier defends his heavyweight boxing world title against Bob Foster in Detroit. 1976 - The parliament of Spain passes a bill allowing the creation of democracy in the country. 1978 – In Guyana, Jim Jones leads his Peoples Temple cult in a mass murder-suicide. 918 people died, 909 of them at Jonestown itself, including over 270 children. A few hours earlier, United States Congressman Leo Ryan, visiting to investigate the cult, was shot dead. 1987 – In London, 31 people die in a fire at the city's busiest underground station at King's Cross St Pancras. 1987 - The United States Congress issues the final report on the Iran Contra Affair. 1988 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill into law allowing the death penalty for murder in regards to drug traffickers. 1991 – Church of England envoy Terry Waite and American academic Thomas Sutherland are released in Lebanon, where they had been held hostage; Waite since 1987 and Sutherland since 1985. 1991 - After an 87-day siege, the town of Vukovar, Croatia, surrenders to the Yugoslav People's Army and allied Serbian paramilitary forces. 1993 – In South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new constitution. 1996 - Bernard Dowiyogo is elected President of Nauru over Lagumot Harris, and immediately ends diplomatic relations with France over its nuclear testing on Mururoa Atoll, French Polynesia. 2000 – Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas marry. From 2001 2002 – United Nations weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq. 2003 - The Local Government Act of 2003 becomes effective in the United Kingdom, ending the controversial Anti-Homosexuality amendment. 2004 – Russia officially ratifies the Kyoto Protocol. 2006 - Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes marry in Italy. Their marriage ends in divorce in 2012. 2009 - 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualification: Controversy is caused when French player Thierry Henry appears to have handled the ball in the run-up to a goal that sends France to the World Cup against the Republic of Ireland. 2019 - Gotabaya Rajapaksa becomes President of Sri Lanka; he later names his brother (and former President) Mahinda Rajapaksa as Prime Minister. 2019 - The United States government says that is does not consider the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank to be illegal. Births Up to 1900 709 - Emperor Konin of Japan (d. 782) 1522 - Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish general and statesman (d. 1568) 1527 - Luca Cambiasi, Italian painter (d. 1585) 1630 – Eleanor Gonzaga, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1686) 1647 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (d. 1706) 1736 – Anton Graff, Swiss painter (d. 1813) 1743 – Johannes Ewald, Danish playwright (d. 1781) 1756 - Thomas Burgess, English writer, philosopher and religious figure (d. 1837) 1772 – Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (d. 1806) 1774 – Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia (d. 1837) 1785 - David Wilkie, Scottish painter (d. 1844) 1786 – Carl Maria von Weber, German composer (d. 1826) 1787 – Louis Daguerre, French artist and physicist (d. 1851) 1804 - Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora, Italian general and statesman (d. 1878) 1810 - Asa Gray, American botanist (d. 1888) 1820 - James William Abert, American army officer and mapmaker (d. 1897) 1832 – Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish explorer (d. 1901) 1836 – W. S. Gilbert, British philosopher (d. 1911) 1839 - August Kundt, German physicist (d. 1894) 1856 - Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (d. 1929) 1860 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish composer and statesman (d. 1941) 1861 - Dorothy Dix, American journalist (d. 1951) 1873 - Arthur J. Weaver, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1945) 1874 - Clarence Day, American writer (d. 1935) 1877 – Arthur Cecil Pigou, British economist (d. 1959) 1880 - Narum Torbov, Bulgarian architect (d. 1952) 1882 - Wyndham Lewis, British writer and painter (d. 1957) 1882 - Jacques Maritain, French philosopher (d. 1973) 1882 - Amelita Galli-Curci, Italian soprano (d. 1959) 1883 – Carl Vinson, American politician (d. 1981) 1888 – Frances Marion, American screenwriter and director (d. 1973) 1889 - Stanislav Kosior, Polish-born Soviet politician (d. 1939) 1891 - Gio Ponti, Italian architect (d. 1979) 1897 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, British physicist (d. 1974) 1898 - Joris Ivens, Dutch movie maker (d. 1989) 1898 - Poul F. Jensen, Faroese poet and writer (d. 1970) 1899 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian-born American violinist and conductor (d. 1985) 1901 1950 1901 – George Gallup, American statistician and pollster (d. 1984) 1901 - V. Shantaram, Indian director, screenwriter, producer and actor (d. 1984) 1904 - Mihai Antonescu, Romanian politician (d. 1946) 1906 – Alec Issigonis, Greek-British car designer (d. 1988) 1906 – Klaus Mann, German writer (d. 1949) 1906 – George Wald, American scientist (d. 1997) 1907 – Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (Buena Vista Social Club) (d. 2003) 1909 - Johnny Mercer, American lyricist (d. 1976) 1911 - Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and writer (d. 2000) 1913 - Endre Rozsda, French surrealist painter (d. 1999) 1914 - Haguroyama Masaji, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1969) 1915 - Ken Burkhart, American baseball player and umpire (d. 2004) 1917 - Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (d. 1957) 1919 - Jocelyn Brando, American actress (d. 2005) 1920 – Mustafa Khalil, 77th Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2008) 1920 - Ron Suart, English footballer (d. 2015) 1922 - Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (d. 1967) 1923 – Alan Shepard, American astronaut, first American to travel into space (d. 1998) 1923 – Ted Stevens, American politician (d. 2010) 1926 - Estanislau Basora, Spanish footballer (d. 2012) 1927 – Hank Ballard, American musician (d. 2003) 1927 - Eldar Ryazanov, Russian movie director and screenwriter (d. 2015) 1928 - Sheila Jordan, American jazz singer 1928 - Salvador Laurel, Vice president of the Philippines (d. 2004) 1934 - Vassilis Vassilikos, Greek writer and diplomat 1936 – Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1995) 1936 - Ennio Antonelli, Italian cardinal 1938 - Eugenio Montejo, Venezuelan writer, poet and diplomat (d. 2008) 1938 - Norbert Ratsirahonana, former Prime Minister of Madagascar 1939 – Margaret Atwood, Canadian writer 1939 - John O'Keefe, American-British neurologist 1939 - Liz J. Patterson, American politician (d. 2018) 1939 - Brenda Vaccaro, American actress 1939 - Amanda Lear, British singer, actress and author 1940 – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (d. 2020) 1941 - Gary Bettenhausen, American racing driver (d. 2014) 1942 – Linda Evans, American actress 1942 - Susan Sullivan, American actress 1943 - Leonardo Sandri, Argentine cardinal 1944 – Wolfgang Joop, German fashion designer 1945 - Wilma Mankiller, American tribal chief (d. 2010) 1945 – Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister and former President of Sri Lanka 1946 - Alan Dean Foster, American fantasy and science fiction writer 1948 - Ana Mendieta, American performance artist 1950 - Graham Parker, American singer 1950 - Rudy Sarzo, Cuban-born American musician 1951 1975 1952 – Harald Konopka, German footballer 1952 - Peter Beattie, 36th Premier of Queensland 1953 – Alan Moore, British writer 1953 - Kevin Nealon, American actor and comedian 1954 - Guy Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe, Scottish aristocrat (d. 2019) 1956 - Warren Moon, American football player 1958 - David Brailovsky, Argentine footballer 1959 - Cindy Blackman, American jazz musician 1959 - Karla Faye Tucker, American murderer (d. 1998) 1960 – Elizabeth Perkins, American actress 1960 – Kim Wilde, English singer 1961 - Steven Moffat, Scottish screenwriter and producer 1962 – Kirk Hammett, American guitarist (Metallica) 1963 - Joost Zwagerman, Dutch writer (d. 2015) 1963 – Peter Schmeichel, Danish footballer 1967 - Gavin Peacock, English footballer 1967 - Jocelyn Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player 1968 – Owen Wilson, American actor 1968 - Gary Sheffield, American baseball player 1969 - Duncan Sheik, rock music singer 1969 - Sam Cassell, American basketball player 1969 - Koichiro Kimura, Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler (d. 2014) 1970 - Peter Dutton, Australian politician 1970 - Mike Epps, American actor, comedian and writer 1970 - Megyn Kelly, American lawyer and journalist 1971 - Therese Coffey, English politician 1972 - Jessi Alexander, American singer-songwriter 1973 – Darko Kovacevic, Serbian footballer 1974 - Chloe Sevigny, American actress 1975 - Anthony McPartlin, English actor and television presenter (Ant and Dec) 1975 - David Ortiz, baseball player From 1976 1976 – Shagrath, Norwegian singer (Dimmu Borgir) 1977 - Fabolous, American rapper 1980 - Minori Chihara, Japanese singer 1980 – François Duval, French rally driver 1980 – Junichi Okada, Japanese singer 1980 - Maggie Stiefvater, American writer 1980 - Hamza al-Ghamdi, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2001) 1981 - Christina Vidal, American actress 1983 – Michael Dawson, English footballer 1984 – Johnny Christ (Real name: Jonathan Lewis Seward), American bassist of Avenged Sevenfold 1985 - Allyson Felix, American athlete 1986 - Georgia King, English actress 1987 – Jake Abel, American actor 1988 - Michael Roach, American soccer player 1989 - Natalie Osman, American professional wrestler 1991 - Noppawan Lertcheewakarn, Thai tennis player 1992 – Nathan Kress, American actor 1992 - Queralt Casas, Spanish basketball player Deaths Up to 1975 1154 - Adelaide de Maurienne, Queen of France (b. 1092) 1170 - Albert the Bear, Brandenburg nobleman (b. 1100) 1305 - John II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1239) 1785 – Louis Philippe I, French soldier and writer (b. 1725) 1814 - William Jessop, British civil engineer (b. 1745) 1827 – Wilhelm Hauff, German poet (b. 1802) 1830 - Adam Weishaupt, German founder of the Illuminati 1841 - Agustin Gamarra, President of Peru 1886 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (b. 1829) 1920 – Matthias Jochumsson, Icelandic poet (b. 1835) 1922 – Marcel Proust, French writer (b. 1871) 1927 - Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona, Italian industrialist, politician, explorer, mountaineer and racing driver (b. 1871) 1941 – Walther Nernst, German chemist (b. 1864) 1941 – Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1867) 1962 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1885) 1965 – Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States (b. 1888) 1969 - Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American businessman and father of John F. Kennedy (b. 1888) 1972 - Danny Whitten, American musician (b. 1843) 1973 – Alois Haba, Czech composer (b. 1893) 1976 2010 1976 – Man Ray, American artist (b. 1890) 1977 – Kurt Schuschnigg, Austrian politician (b. 1897) 1978 – Leo Ryan, United States Congressman (b. 1925) 1978 – Jim Jones, American cult leader (suicide) (b. 1931) 1979 - Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player (b. 1901) 1987 – Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (b. 1934) 1991 – Gustav Husak, Czechoslovakian politician (b. 1913) 1994 – Cab Calloway, American musician (b. 1907) 1998 - Aurelio de Lira Tavares, President of Brazil (b. 1905) 1999 – Paul Bowles, American writer (b. 1910) 2002 – James Coburn, American actor (b. 1928) 2004 - Cy Coleman, American composer, songwriter and pianist (b. 1929) 2009 – Jeanne-Claude, French artist (b. 1935) 2009 - Red Robbins, American basketball player (b. 1944) 2010 - Brian G. Marsden, British astronomer (b. 1937) 2010 - Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1923) From 2011 2011 - Walt Hazzard, American basketball player (b. 1942) 2014 - Pepe Eliaschev, Argentine journalist and writer (b. 1945) 2014 - Ahmad Lozi, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1925) 2015 - Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1975) 2015 - Abdelhamid Abaaoud, Belgian terrorist (b. 1988) 2015 - Mal Whitfield, American runner (b. 1924) 2016 - Denton Cooley, American heart surgeon (b. 1920) 2017 - Azzedine Alaïa, Tunisian-French fashion designer (b. 1933) 2017 - Giorgio Antonucci, Italian physician (b. 1933) 2017 - Commins Menapi, Solomon Islands footballer (b. 1977) 2017 - Youssouf Ouédraogo, 6th Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (b. 1952) 2017 - Friedel Rausch, German footballer (b. 1940) 2017 - Ben Riley, American jazz drummer (b. 1933) 2017 - Gillian Rolton, Australian equestrian (b. 1956) 2017 - Pancho Segura, Ecuadorean-American tennis player (b. 1921) 2017 - Malcolm Young, Scottish-Australian musician (AC/DC) (b. 1953) 2018 - Waldyr Boccardo, Brazilian basketball player (b. 1936) 2018 - Héctor Beltrán Leyva, Mexican drug cartel leader (b. 1965) 2018 - Eddie Reeves, American songwriter and record label executive (b. 1939) 2018 - Muhammad Abdul Wahhab, Pakistani Islamic cleric (b. 1923) 2018 - Uladzimir Zhuravel, Belarussian footballer (b. 1971) 2019 - Norodom Buppha Devi, Cambodian royal and ballerina (b. 1943) Holidays and observances Latvia – Independence Day (1918) Oman – National holiday Venezuela – Feast of the Virgen de Chiquinquirá, also known as la Chinita, in the western state of Zulia Days of the year

10098

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%2019

November 19

Events Up to 1900 461 - Libius Severus is declared Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. 1404 - Severe flooding occurs in the Netherlands, as 3000 hectares of land are washed away, with the flood waters also completely wiping out the towns of Ijzendijke and Hugevliet. 1421 - A major flood in the Netherlands kills between 2,000 and 10,000 people. 1493 – Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico). 1806 - French troops occupy Hamburg during the Napoleonic Wars. 1816 - In Poland, Warsaw University is founded. 1819 – The Museo del Prado in Madrid opens. 1847 - The second Canadian railway line is opened between Montreal and Lachine. 1850 - Alfred Tennyson is named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom by Queen Victoria. 1863 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 1869 – The Hudson's Bay Company sells Ruperts Land to Canada. 1881 - A meteorite lands southwest of Odessa, present-day Ukraine. 1885 - Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa officially unifies the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. 1887 - In the English Channel, Dutch ocean steamer W. A. Scholten sinks after a collision with a British freighter, killing 132 people. 1901 2000 1911 - The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, Island Maid and Angele, in which the entire crew, except the captain, is killed. 1912 - The five hundred-year rule of the Ottoman Empire over Macedonia is ended. 1916 - Goldwyn Pictures is founded by Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn. 1941 - World War II: The warships HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran sink each other off Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and 77 Germans. 1942 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - Soviet Union forces under Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus counter-attacks at Stalingrad, turning the battle in the USSR's favour. 1942 - Mutesa II is crowned as the last Kabala (King) of Buganda. 1946 – Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations. 1950 - Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of NATO Europe. 1952 - Alexander Papagos becomes Prime Minister of Greece. 1967 - TVB is founded, as the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong. 1969 – Apollo 12 lands on the Moon. Charles Conrad and Alan LaVern Bean become the 3rd and 4th people respectively to walk on the Moon. 1969 – Brazilian footballer Pelé scores the 1,000th goal of his career. 1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin seeking a permanent peace settlement. 1979 – Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran. 1984 - Oil depot explosions in Mexico City cause a large fire, which kills around 500 people. 1985 – Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet. 1990 – Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because they did not sing at all on the Girl You Know It’s True album. 1994 - The United Kingdom's first National Lottery draw is held. 1995 – Aleksander Kwasniewski is elected President of Poland. 1996 – The case of the Port Arthur massacre comes to trial. 1998 – The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton. 1998 - Vincent van Gogh's Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for $ 71.5 million. 1999 - The People's Republic of China launches the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft. 1999 - Russia withdraws its military from Georgia. From 2001 2002 – The Prestige oil tanker breaks apart near the coast of Galicia, Spain, causing a large oil spill. 2010 – Twenty-nine miners are trapped after an explosion in the Pike River Mine near Greymouth in New Zealand. They are pronounced dead after a second explosion five days later. 2013 - A storm affecting Sardinia causes heavy rain, flooding and kills 18 people. 2013 - Bomb attacks in Beirut, Lebanon, kill at least 22 people. 2014 - Nicola Sturgeon becomes the 5th, and first female, First Minister of Scotland, succeeding Alex Salmond. 2016 - The German Wikipedia publishes its two-millionth article. 2017 - Talks about forming a governing coalition fail in Germany, after September's election to the Bundestag. Births Up to 1900 1464 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526) 1503 - Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1547) 1563 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626) 1597 - Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1660) 1600 – King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1649) 1600 - Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669) 1616 - Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (d. 1665) 1700 - Jean-Antoine Nollet, French priest and physician (d. 1770) 1711 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer and polymath (d. 1765) 1722 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (d. 1809) 1770 - Adam Johann von Krusenstern, German-Baltic admiral of the Russian fleet (d. 1846) 1770 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1844) 1779 - Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1801) 1797 - René Caillié, French explorer (d. 1838) 1802 - Solomon Foot, American politician (d. 1866) 1805 – Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and businessman (d. 1894) 1805 - Edouard Drouyn de Unuys, French politician (d. 1881) 1808 - Janez Bleiweis, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1881) 1814 - Girolamo de Rada, Albanian-Italian writer (d. 1903) 1831 – James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (d. 1881) 1831 - José Evaristo Uriburu, President of Argentina (d. 1914) 1833 - Wilhelm Dilthey, German theologian, philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. 1911) 1843 - Richard Avenarius, German philosopher (d. 1896) 1859 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer and conductor (d. 1935) 1873 - Elizabeth McCombs, first female member of the New Zealand parliament (d. 1935) 1875 – Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946) 1875 - Hiram Bingham, United States Senator and explorer (d. 1956) 1876 - Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian-Dutch mathematician (d. 1964) 1877 - Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (d. 1947) 1879 - Mait Metsanurk, Estonian writer (d. 1957) 1887 – James B. Sumner, American chemist (d. 1955) 1888 - Jose Raul Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942) 1889 – Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966) 1893 - René Voisin, French classical trumpeter (d. 1952) 1894 – Américo Tomás, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1987) 1898 – Arthur R. von Hippel, German physicist (d. 2003) 1899 - Allen Tate, American poet and literary critic (d. 1979) 1900 – Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983) 1901 1950 1902 - Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944) 1904 - Nancy Carroll, American actress (d. 1965) 1905 – Tommy Dorsey, American musician (d. 1956) 1908 - Alan Baxter, actor (d. 1976) 1909 - Elmo Smith, Governor of Oregon (d. 1968) 1910 - Adrian Conan Doyle, English racing driver and author (d. 1970) 1912 – George Emil Palade, Romanian biologist (d. 2008) 1912 - Bernard Joseph McLaughlin, American bishop (d. 2015) 1912 - Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (d. 2014) 1914 - Mills E. Godwin, Jr., two-time Governor of Virginia (d. 1999) 1915 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist (d. 1974) 1917 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984) 1919 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian movie director (d. 2006) 1919 - Alan Young, British-born American actor (d. 2016) 1920 – Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991) 1921 - Roy Campanella, American baseball player (d. 1993) 1924 – Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (d. 2011) 1925 - Zygmunt Bauman, Polish-British sociologist (d. 2017) 1925 - John Gordon, English author (d. 2017) 1926 - Jeane Kirkpatrick, 16th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2006) 1928 - Dara Singh, Indian actor and bodybuilder (d. 2012) 1930 – Kurt Nielsen, Danish tennis player (d. 2011) 1930 - Christian Schwarz-Schilling, German politician 1932 - Eleanor F. Helin, American astronomer (d. 2009) 1932 - Jerry Sheindlin, American judge and author 1933 – Larry King, American television personality (d. 2021) 1934 – Valentin Kozmich Ivanov, Russian footballer (d. 2011) 1934 – Kurt Hamrin, Swedish footballer 1934 - David Lloyd Jones, English conductor 1935 - Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian biochemist and computer scientist (d. 1990) 1936 – Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese chemist 1936 - Dick Cavett, American talkshow host 1936 - Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (d. 2015) 1937 - Tamara Bunke, German-Argentine revolutionary (d. 1967) 1938 - Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer-songwriter and record producer (d. 2017) 1938 - Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (d. 2007) 1938 – Ted Turner, American businessman 1939 - Emil Constantinescu, 3rd President of Romania 1939 - Tom Harkin, American politician 1939 - Garrick Utley, American broadcast journalist (d. 2014) 1941 - Tommy Thompson, American politician, 42nd Governor of Wisconsin 1941 - Dan Haggerty, American actor (d. 2016) 1942 - Sharon Olds, American poet 1942 – Calvin Klein, American clothing designer 1943 - Aurelio Monteagudo, Cuban baseball player 1943 - Fred Lipsius, American musician 1944 – Klaus Fichtel, German footballer 1944 - Agnes Baltsa, Greek singer 1945 - Hans Monderman, Dutch road traffic engineer (d. 2008) 1947 - Bob Boone, American baseball player and manager 1947 - Anfinn Kallsberg, 10th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands 1947 - Lamar S. Smith, American politician 1949 - Raymond Blanc, French chef 1951 1975 1951 - Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician 1951 - Mihai Ghimpu, Moldovan politician, former Interim President of Moldova 1953 - Robert Beltran, American actor 1954 - Kathleen Quinlan, American actress 1954 - Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 6th President of Egypt 1955 - Glynnis O'Connor, American actress 1956 – Eileen Collins, American astronaut 1956 - Ann Curry, American broadcast journalist 1956 - Jim Hodges, former Governor of South Carolina 1956 - Peter Carter, English diplomat (d. 2014) 1957 - Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000) 1957 - Joel Goldsmith, American composer (d. 2012) 1957 - Tom Virtue, American actor 1958 - Terrence Carson, American actor 1958 - Algirdas Butkevicius, 12th Prime Minister of Lithuania 1959 - Jo Bonner, American politician 1959 - Allison Janney, American actress 1960 - Matt Sorum, American musician 1960 - Miss Elizabeth, American professional wrestling promoter (d. 2003) 1961 – Meg Ryan, American actress 1962 – Jodie Foster, American actress 1962 – Sean Parnell, American politician, 12th Governor of Alaska 1964 - Petr Necas, 9th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic 1965 – Laurent Blanc, French footballer 1965 - Gary Ablett, English footballer (d. 2012) 1965 - Douglas Henshall, Scottish actor 1966 - Kakhaber Kacharava, Georgian footballer 1966 - Gail Devers, American athlete 1966 – Jason Scott Lee, American actor 1967 - Dhafer Youssef, Tunisian jazz musician 1971 - Naoko Mori, Japanese-English actress and singer 1974 - Arun Vijay, Indian movie actor 1975 – Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress From 1976 1976 – Robin Dunne, Canadian actor 1976 - Jack Dorsey, American founder of Twitter 1977 - Mette Frederiksen, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark 1977 – Kerri Strug, American gymnast 1979 - Ryan Howard, American baseball player 1980 - Adele Silva, English actress 1980 – Vladimir Radmanovic, Serbian basketball player 1980 - Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of the Humanists UK 1980 - Yipsi Moreno, Cuban hammer thrower 1981 - Marcus Banks, American basketball player 1983 - Chandra Crawford, Canadian cross-country skier 1983 - Meseret Defar, Ethiopian runner 1984 – Jorge Fucile, Uruguayan footballer 1984 - Brittany Maynard, American assisted suicide activist (d. 2014) 1985 – Chris Eagles, English footballer 1986 - Milan Smiljanic, Serbian footballer 1986 - Jeannie Ortega, American actress, dancer and songwriter 1986 - Dayron Robles, Cuban athlete 1986 - Hovi Star, Israeli singer 1987 - Feng Zhe, Chinese gymnast 1988 - Xavier Barachet, French handball player 1988 – Patrick Kane, American NHL ice hockey right winger for the Chicago Blackhawks 1989 - Roman Sergeyevich Trofimov, Russian ski jumper 1989 - Tyga, American rapper 1992 - Tove Styrke, Swedish singer-songwriter 1993 - Suso, Spanish footballer 1994 - Ibrahima Mbaye, Senegalese footballer 1997 - McCaughey septuplets 1999 - Evgenia Medvedeva, Russian figure skater 2002 - Gaia Cauchi, Maltese singer Deaths Up to 1900 496 - Pope Gelasius I 498 - Pope Anastasius II 1478 - Emperor Baeda Maryam of Ethiopia (b. 1448) 1481 – Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (b. 1472) 1492 – Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414) 1557 - Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland (b. 1494) 1577 - Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese Shogun (b. 1510) 1581 – Ivan Ivanovich, son of Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1554) 1665 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594) 1703 – The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner whose identity is unknown 1772 - William Nelson, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1711) 1785 - Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720) 1798 - Wolfe Tone, Irish general (b. 1763) 1804 - Pietro Guglielmi, Italian composer (b. 1728) 1822 - Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763) 1828 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (b. 1797) 1850 - Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780) 1863 – John O'Meally, Australian bushranger (b. 1841) 1883 - Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German-English engineer (b. 1823) 1887 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1849) 1901 2000 1918 – Joseph F. Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838) 1924 - Thomas H. Ince, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1882) 1931 - Xu Zhimo, Chinese poet (b. 1897) 1938 - Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (b. 1866) 1943 - Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1895) 1958 - Vittorio Ambrosio, Italian general (b. 1879) 1959 - Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (b. 1892) 1962 - Grigol Robakidze, Georgian writer (b. 1882) 1963 - Carmen Amaya, Spanish dancer and singer (b. 1918) 1970 - Andrey Yeryomenko, Soviet-Russian military (b. 1892) 1975 - Roger D. Branigan, 42nd Governor of Indiana (b. 1902) 1976 – Basil Spence, English architect (b. 1907) 1983 – Tom Evans, English musician (b. 1947) 1988 - Christina Onassis, American-Greek businesswoman (b. 1950) 1990 - Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (b. 1900) 1992 - Bobby Russell, American songwriter (b. 1941) 1992 – Diane Varsi, American actress (b. 1938) 1998 - Alan J. Pakula, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1928) From 2001 2004 – John Vane, English pharmacologist (b. 1927) 2004 - Piet Esser, Dutch sculptor (b. 1914) 2005 – Erik Balling, Danish movie director (b. 1924) 2011 - Basil D'Oliveira, South African-born English cricketer (b. 1931) 2012 - Pete LaRoca, American jazz musician (b. 1938) 2012 - Boris Strugatsky, Russian author (b. 1923) 2013 - Frederick Sanger, British biochemist, two-time Nobel Prize winner (b. 1918) 2014 - Otieno Kajwang, Kenyan politician (b. 1959) 2014 - Gholam Hossein Mazloumi, Iranian footballer (b. 1950) 2014 - Mike Nichols, German-born American television, stage and movie director (b. 1931) 2014 - Richard A. Jensen, American theologian (b. 1934) 2015 - Armand, Dutch protest singer (b. 1946) 2015 - Allen E. Ertel, American politician (b. 1937) 2017 - Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1925) 2017 - Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme, Vice president of Nigeria (b. 1932) 2017 - Fernando Matthei, Chilean air force general (b. 1925) 2017 - Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer-songwriter and record producer (b. 1938) 2017 - Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (b. 1968) 2017 - Della Reese, American actress and singer (b. 1931) 2017 - Tai Chen-yao, Taiwanese politician (b. 1948) 2017 - Mel Tillis, American country singer (b. 1932) 2017 - Charles Manson, American cult leader (b. 1934) 2018 - Apisai Ielemia, 10th Prime minister of Tuvalu (b. 1955) 2018 - Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician (b. 1937) 2019 - José Mário Branco, Portuguese singer-songwriter, actor and record producer (b. 1942) 2019 - Purita Campos, Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and painter (b. 1937) 2019 - Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (b. 1923) 2019 - D. M. Jayaratne, Sri Lankan politician, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1931) 2019 - Tom Lyle, American comics artist and illustrator (b. 1953) 2019 - Fazlollah Reza, Iranian politician (b. 1915) Holidays and observances Brazil – Flag Day Mali – Liberation Day Puerto Rico – Discovery of Puerto Rico (1493) Norway – The Liberation of the Sami people of the coast Monaco – National holiday International Men's Day World Toilet Day (See also: World Toilet Organization) Days of the year

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December 10

Events Up to 1900 1041 – Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V. 1508 – The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice. 1510 - Portuguese conquest of Goa: Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule. 1520 – Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull Exsurge Domine outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate. 1684 – Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmund Halley. 1799 - France adopts the meter as its official unit of length. 1817 – Mississippi becomes the 20th U.S. state. 1836 – Emory College (now Emory University) is chartered in Oxford, Georgia. 1848 - Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, later Napoleon III of France, is elected President of France. 1861 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America accept a rival state's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th State of the Confederacy. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - Major General William T. Sherman's Union Army troops reach Savannah, Georgia. 1868 – The first traffic lights are installed outside the Houses of Parliament in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps. 1869 – Wyoming grants women the right to vote. 1884 - Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is first published. 1890 - In New York City, the New York World Building is completed. 1896 - Alfred Nobel dies. From 1901, Nobel Prizes are given on this day in his memory. 1898 – Spanish-American War: The Treaty of Paris is signed, officially ending the conflict. 1901 1950 1901 – The first Nobel Prizes are given. 1904 – The Pi Kappa Phi fraternity is founded in Charleston, South Carolina. 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize of any kind. 1927 - The phrase Grand Ole Opry is used for the first time. 1932 – Thailand's Constitution is written, forming a constitutional monarchy. 1936 – Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII of the United Kingdom signs his Instrument of Abdication. 1941 – World War II: Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse – The Royal Navy ships HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse are sunk by Imperial Japanese Navy torpedo bombers. 1941 – World War II: Battle of the Philippines – Imperial Japanese forces under the command of General Masaharu Homma land on the Philippine mainland. 1948 – The UN General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan. 1951 2000 1953 – Dr. Albert Schweitzer is given the Nobel Peace Prize for his humanitarian work. 1963 – The United States Air Force's X-20 Dyna-Soar spaceplane program is cancelled by Robert McNamara. 1965 – The Grateful Dead play their first concert, at the Fillmore in San Francisco. 1968 - Japan's biggest heist, the still-unsolved 300-Yen robbery, is carried out in Tokyo. 1970 – Agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug, "father of the Green Revolution", is given the Nobel Peace Prize. 1975 – Activist Andrei Sakharov is given the Nobel Peace Prize, accepted by his wife, Yelena Bonner. 1978 – Arab-Israeli conflict: Prime Minister of Israel Menachem Begin and President of Egypt Anwar Sadat are jointly given the Nobel Peace Prize. 1979 - Kaohsiung Incident: Taiwanese pro-democracy demonstrations are suppressed by the KMT dictatorship and organizers are arrested. 1983 – Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa is given the Nobel Peace Prize, accepted by his wife, Danuta. 1983 – Raul Alfonsin becomes President of Argentina, ending a period of dictatorship. 1984 – Apartheid: Cleric and activist Desmond Tutu is given the Nobel Peace Prize. 1986 – The Holocaust: Elie Wiesel is given the Nobel Peace Prize. 1989 - Carlos Menem becomes President of Argentina. 1989 - Mongolian Revolution: At the country's first open pro-democracy demonstration, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj announces the creation of the Mongolia Democratic Union. 1996 – Rwandan Genocide: Military Advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Maurice Baril recommends that the UN multi-national forces in Zaire stand down. 1997 – Kazakhstan's capital city Akmola changes its name to Astana. 1998 – Capital punishment is abolished in Bulgaria. From 2001 2002 – The High Court of Australia hands down its judgement in the internet defamation case of Gutnick v Dow Jones. 2004 – A tombstone commemorating the 35th anniversary of the death of Brazilian guerrilla Carlos Marighella is inaugurated in Salvador, Bahia. 2004 – Anil Kumble becomes India's highest wicket-taker, surpassing Kapil Dev's total of 435. 2005 – Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145 crashes near Port Harcourt, Nigeria, killing 108 people. 2 survive. 2007 - Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner becomes the first female President of Argentina. 2010 - Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo is unable to attend the ceremony in Oslo due to imprisonment. 2013 - A memorial service for Nelson Mandela is held in Johannesburg. See Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela. 2014 - Receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Malala Yousafzai becomes the youngest person ever to receive a Nobel Prize, doing so with Indian activist Kailash Satyarthi. 2015 - Mauricio Macri becomes President of Argentina. 2016 - A church collapses in south-eastern Nigeria, killing over 100 people. 2016 - Two bombs explode in Istanbul, killing 38 people. 2019 - A shooting in Ostrava, Czech Republic, kills 6 people. 2019 - Alberto Fernández becomes President of Argentina. 2019 - Sanna Marin becomes Prime Minister of Finland; she is the world's youngest political leader at the time she takes office, at age 34. Births Up to 1900 1394 – King James I of Scotland (d. 1437) 1538 – Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (d. 1612) 1588 - Isaac Beeckman, Dutch scientist and philosopher (d. 1637) 1699 – King Christian VI of Denmark (d. 1746) 1751 - George Shaw, English botanist and zoologist (d. 1813) 1787 - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (d. 1851) 1804 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, German mathematician (d. 1851) 1805 - Joseph Skoda, Czech physician (d. 1881) 1810 - Abraham K. Allison, American politician, 6th Governor of Florida (d. 1893) 1815 – Ada Lovelace, English mathematician (d. 1852) 1821 - Nikolay Nekrasov, Russian poet and critic (d. 1877) 1822 – César Franck, French composer (d. 1890) 1824 - George MacDonald, Scottish minister, author and poet (d. 1905) 1827 - Eugene O'Keefe, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1913) 1830 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (d. 1886) 1841 - Joseph Henry Blackburne, English chess player (d. 1924) 1845 - Wilhelm von Bode, German art historian (d. 1929) 1851 - Melvin Dewey, American librarian and educator (d. 1931) 1861 - Daisy Greville, English courtesan (d. 1938) 1866 - Louis Bolk, Dutch biologist and anatomist (d. 1930) 1870 – Mary Bonaparte, pretender to France's Imperial throne (d. 1947) 1870 – Adolf Loos, Austrian architect (d. 1933) 1878 – Rajaji, Indian independence fighter (d. 1972) 1880 – Fred Immler, German actor (d. 1965) 1882 - Otto Neurath, Austrian sociologist and philosopher (d. 1945) 1882 - Shigenori Togo, Japanese politician (d. 1950) 1882 - Louis Wilkins, American pole vaulter (d. 1950) 1886 - Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, English field marshal, 17th Governor General of Canada (d. 1969) 1886 - Annie Bos, Dutch actress (d. 1975) 1886 - Victor McLaglen, English-American boxer and actor (d. 1959) 1890 - Laszlo Bardossy, 33rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1946) 1890 - Boss Johnson, Canadian politician, Premier of British Columbia (d. 1964) 1891 - Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, English field marshal and politician, 17th Governor General of Canada (d. 1969) 1891 – Nelly Sachs, German writer (d. 1970) 1901 1950 1903 – Una Merkel, American actress (d. 1986) 1903 - Dulce Maria Loynaz, Cuban poet (d. 1997) 1904 - Antonin Novotny, Czechoslovak politician (d. 1975) 1907 – Lucien Laurent, French footballer (d. 2005) 1908 - Olivier Messiaen, French composer and ornithologist (d. 1992) 1908 - Mario Evaristo, Argentine footballer (d. 1993) 1909 - Hermes Pan, American dancer and choreographer (d. 1990) 1913 – Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996) 1914 - Dorothy Lamour, American actress and singer (d. 1996) 1920 - Clarice Lispector, Ukrainian-Brazilian writer (d. 1977) 1922 - Agnes Nixon, American actress, director and screenwriter (d. 2016) 1923 - Harold Gould, American actor (d. 2010) 1923 – Jorge Semprún, Spanish writer and politician (d. 2011) 1924 – Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 1997) 1926 - Mike Haughney, Scottish footballer (d. 2002) 1926 - Guitar Slim, American blues guitarist (d. 1959) 1927 - Harvey Glatman, American serial killer (d. 1959) 1934 – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist (d. 1994) 1937 - Raphael Maklouf, Israeli-English sculptor 1938 - Yuri Temirkanov, Russian viola player and conductor 1939 - Dave Bavetta, American basketball player and referee 1939 - Barry Cunliffe, English archaeologist and academic 1941 – Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer and actor (d. 1985) 1941 - Peter Sarstedt, English singer (d. 2017) 1941 – Fionnula Flanagan, Irish-American actress 1942 - Aritatsu Ogi, Japanese footballer 1942 - Ann Gloag, Scottish businesswoman 1943 - Edward Peel, English actor 1944 - John Birt, Baron Birt, English businessman 1944 - Andris Berzins, 8th President of Latvia 1948 – Abu Abbas, founder of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (d. 2004) 1949 - Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, British journalist and author 1949 - David Perdue, American politician, United States Senator for Georgia 1951 1975 1951 - Ellen Nikolaysen, Norwegian singer and actress 1952 – Clive Anderson, British television presenter 1952 - Susan Dey, American actress and producer 1952 - Greg Mortimer, Australian mountaineer 1952 - Bernd Jakubowski, German footballer (d. 2007) 1953 - Friedhelm Funkel, German footballer and manager 1954 – Florentin Smarandache, Romanian artist and writer 1955 - Ana Gabriel, Mexican singer 1955 - Sonya Leite, American voice actress 1956 – Rod Blagojevich, 40th Governor of Illinois 1957 - Michael Clarke Duncan, American actor (d. 2012) 1957 - Paul Hardcastle, British musician 1958 - Cornelia Funke, German author 1959 - Mark Aguirre, American basketball player and coach 1960 – Kenneth Branagh, Northern Irish actor 1962 - Rakhat Aliyev, Kazakhstani politician (d. 2015) 1962 – John de Wolf, Dutch footballer 1963 – Jahangir Khan, Pakistani squash player 1964 - Edith González, Mexican actress (d. 2019) 1965 – Greg Giraldo, American comedian (d. 2010) 1965 - Stephanie Morgenstern, Swiss-Canadian actress, producer and screenwriter 1969 - Rob Blake, Canadian ice hockey player and manager 1972 – Brian Molko, Belgian-born singer and guitarist (Placebo) 1973 - Arden Myrin, American comedienne and actress 1974 – Meg White, American drummer 1975 – Josip Skoko, Australian footballer 1975 – Kristel Verbeke, Flemish singer, actress and host From 1976 1977 - Andrea Henkel, German biathlete 1978 - Summer Phoenix, American actress 1981 – Fábio Rochemback, Brazilian footballer 1982 - Sultan Kösen, Turkish world's tallest man 1983 - Patrick Flueger, American actor 1983 - Zé Kalanga, Angolan footballer 1983 - Xavier Samuel, Australian actor 1983 – Katrin Siska, Estonian singer (Vanilla Ninja) 1985 – Charlie Adam, Scottish footballer 1985 - Raven-Symoné, American actress, singer and dancer 1985 - Le Cong Vinh, Vietnamese footballer 1987 – Gonzalo Higuaín, Argentine footballer 1988 - Wilfried Bony, Ivorian footballer 1988 - Neven Subotic, Serbian footballer 1989 - Ng Chee Yang, Singaporean singer-songwriter, dancer and actor 1990 – Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2010) 1991 - Dion Waiters, American basketball player 1993 - Alicia von Rittberg, German actress 1993 - Rachel Trachtenburg, American singer and actress 1994 - Matti Klinga, Finnish footballer 2014 - Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès 2014 - Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco Deaths Up to 1900 949 - Herman I, Duke of Swabia 1041 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1010) 1198 - Averroes, Spanish astronomer, physicist and philosopher (b. 1126) 1508 - René II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1451) 1603 – William Gilbert, English scientist (b. 1544) 1626 - Edmund Gunter, English mathematician and academic (b. 1581) 1665 - Tarquinio Merula, Italian organist, violinist and composer (b. 1594) 1796 - José Leonardo Chirino, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1754) 1850 – Jozef Bem, Polish general (b. 1794) 1850 - François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist (b. 1787) 1851 - Karl Drais, German inventor (b. 1785) 1865 – King Leopold I of Belgium (b. 1790) 1896 – Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor (b. 1833) 1901 2000 1909 – Red Cloud, Oglala Lakota Sioux chief (b. 1822) 1911 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817) 1917 – Mackenzie Bowell, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1823) 1926 - Nikola Pasic, Serbian politician and Prime Minister (b. 1845) 1928 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish artist, designer and architect (b. 1868) 1932 - Joseph Carruthers, Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1857) 1936 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian writer (b. 1867) 1937 - Richard Ponsonby-Fane, British japanologist (b. 1878) 1948 - Na Hye-sok, South Korean journalist, poet and painter (b. 1896) 1967 – Otis Redding, American singer (b. 1941) 1968 – Karl Barth, Swiss theologian (b. 1886) 1972 - Mark Van Doren, American poet, critic and academic (b. 1894) 1977 – Adolph Rupp, American basketball coach (b. 1901) 1978 - Ed Wood, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1924) 1979 - Ann Dvorak, American actress and singer (b. 1912) 1982 - Freeman Gosden, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1899) 1986 – Kate Wolf, American singer (b. 1942) 1991 – Headman Shabalala, South African singer (b. 1945) 1994 - Keith Joseph, English politician (b. 1918) 1999 – Franjo Tudjman, President of Croatia (b. 1922) 2000 - Marie Windsor, American actress (b. 1919) From 2001 2001 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1911) 2005 – Richard Pryor, American actor and comedian (b. 1940) 2005 – Eugene McCarthy, American politician (b. 1916) 2006 – Augusto Pinochet, former President of Chile (b. 1915) 2006 - Salvatore Pappalardo, Italian cardinal (b. 1918) 2010 – John Bennett Fenn, American chemist (b. 1917) 2012 - Lisa Della Casa, Swiss operatic soprano (b. 1919) 2012 - Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (b. 1931) 2013 - Jim Hall, American musician (b. 1930) 2014 - Ralph Giordano, German writer and publicist (b. 1923) 2014 - Judy Baar Topinka, American politician (b. 1944) 2014 - Robert B. Oakley, American diplomat (b. 1931) 2014 - Robert Wolfe, American historian and World War II veteran (b. 1921) 2014 - Bob Solinger, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926) 2015 - Ron Bouchard, American NASCAR driver (b. 1948) 2015 - Dolph Schayes, American basketball player (b. 1928) 2015 - Arnold Peralta, Honduran footballer (b. 1989) 2016 - Ken Hechler, American politician (b. 1914) 2016 - A. A. Gill, English writer and critic (b. 1954) 2017 - Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (b. 1950) 2017 - Simeon Booker, American journalist (b. 1918) 2017 - Manno Charlemagne, Haitian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1948) 2017 - Max Clifford, British publicist (b. 1943) 2017 - Lalji Singh, Indian biologist and zoologist (b. 1947) 2017 - Eva Todor, Hungarian-Brazilian actress (b. 1919) 2017 - Viktor Potapov, Russian sailor (b. 1947) 2017 - Antonio Riboldi, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1923) 2018 - C. N. Balakrishnan, Indian politician (b. 1934) 2018 - Chiang Pin-kung, Taiwanese politician (b. 1932) 2018 - Robert Spaemann, German Roman Catholic philosopher (b. 1927) 2018 - Xavier Tilliette, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1921) 2019 - Barrie Keeffe, English screenwriter (b. 1945) 2019 - Yury Luzhkov, Russian politician, former Mayor of Moscow (b. 1936) 2019 - Gershon Kingsley, German-American composer (b. 1922) 2019 - Philip McKeon, American actor (b. 1964) 2019 - Jim Smith, English footballer and manager (b. 1940) Observances Nobel Prize Day Constitution Day (Thailand) Human Rights Day (United Nations) Days of the year

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December 12

Events Up to 1900 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeated Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. 1098 – First Crusade: Massacre of Ma'arrat al-Numan – Crusaders breach the town's walls and massacre about 20,000 of the people living in it. After finding themselves without enough food, they resort to cannibalism. 1531 – Vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe to Juan Diego in Mexico City. 1719 – The Boston Gazette is published for the first time. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Second Battle of Ushant – A Royal Navy squadron, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt in HMS Victory, defeats a French fleet. 1787 – Pennsylvania becomes the 2nd state to make the United States Constitution official. 1812 – French invasion of Russia comes to an end. 1862 – USS Cairo sank on the Yazoo River, becoming the first armored ship to be sunk by an electrically detonated mine. 1870 – Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the first black U.S. congressman. 1897 – Belo Horizonte, the first planned city of Brazil, is made official. 1901 1950 1901 – Guglielmo Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal at Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland. 1911 – Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India. 1911 - George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck are crowned Emperor and Empress of India. 1913 - The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, stolen from the Louvre two years earlier, is found in Florence, Italy. 1914 – The largest one-day percentage drop in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average, down 24.39%. 1915 – President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai tells that he is going to make himself the Emperor of China. 1917 – In Nebraska, Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys. 1918 - The Flag of Estonia is first raised on Pikk Hermann in Tallinn. 1925 – The Majlis of Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah of Persia. 1936 – Xi'an Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang. 1937 – Panay incident: Japanese aircraft shell and sink US gunboat Panay on the Yangtze River in China. 1939 – Winter War: Battle of Tolvajärvi – Finnish forces defeat those of the Soviet Union in their first major victory of the conflict. 1939 - The ship HMS Duchess sinks after a collision with HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland. 1940 – Approximately 70 people are killed in the Marples Hotel, Fitzalan Square, Sheffield as a result of a German air raid. 1941 – World War II: Fifty four Japanese A6M Zero fighters raid Batangas Field, Philippines. Jesus Villamor and four Filipino fighter pilots fend them off; Cesar Basa is killed. 1941 – World War II: United States Marine Corps F4F "Wildcats" sink the first 4 major Japanese ships off Wake Island. 1941 – World War II: Great Britain declares war on Bulgaria. Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. India declares war on Japan. 1942 – A fire in a hostel in St. John's, Newfoundland kills 100 people. 1946 – A fire at a New York City ice plant spreads to a nearby tenement killing 37 people. 1948 – Malayan Emergency: Batang Kali Massacre – 14 members of the Scots Guards stationed in Malaysia allegedly massacre 24 unarmed civilians and set fire to the village. 1950 – Paula Ackerman, the first woman appointed to perform rabbinical functions in the United States, leads the congregation in her first services. 1951 2000 1958 – Guinea joins the UN. 1963 – Kenya becomes independent from the United Kingdom. 1964 – Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta became the first President of the Republic of Kenya. 1969 – Strategia della tensione: Piazza Fontana bombing – The offices of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana, Milan, are bombed. 1970 - NASA sends the Uhuru satellite into space. 1979 – Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean military officer Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung Hee. 1979 – Pakistan President Zia-ul-Haq conferred Nishan-e-Imtiaz on Nobel laureate Dr Abdus Salam. 1979 – Rhodesia changes its name to Zimbabwe. 1982 – Women's peace protest at Greenham Common – 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5 km (9 mi) perimeter fence. 1984 – Maaouiya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya become the third president of Mauritania after coup d'état against Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla. Taya was ousted in March 2005 by Ely Ould Mohamed Vall in another coup. 1985 – Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland killing 256, including 248 members of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division. 1988 – Clapham Junction rail crash killed 35 and injured 100's after two collisions of three commuter trains. One of the worst train crashes in Britain. 1991 – Russian Federation becomes independent from the USSR. 1992 – An earthquake on the island of Flores kills around 2,500 people. 1996 – Uday Hussein is seriously injured in an assassination attempt. 2000 – The United States Supreme Court released its decision in Bush v. Gore. 2000 - Ethiopia and Eritrea end a border war. From 2001 2003 – Paul Martin becomes Prime Minister of Canada. 2006 – Peugeot produce their last car at the Ryton Plant signalling the end of mass car production in Coventry, formerly a major centre of the British motor industry. 2012 - North Korea launches the Kwangmyongsong-3 Unit 2 satellite. 2013 - Jang Sung-taek, previously a powerful uncle of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, is executed, just days after being removed from his position. 2015 - Confenerce on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change makes Paris Agreement on reduction of CO2 after Kyoto Protocol. 2016 - Bill English becomes the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand, replacing John Key. Births Up to 1800 1298 – Albert II of Austria (d. 1358) 1418 – Albert VI of Austria 1574 – Anne of Denmark, wife of James I of England (d. 1619) 1610 – Saint Vasilije (d. 1671) 1612 - Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1670) 1659 – Francesco Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (d. 1739) 1685 - Lodovico Giustini, Italian composer and pianist (d. 1743) 1712 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (d. 1780) 1724 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (d. 1816) 1731 - Erasmus Darwin, English physician and poet (d. 1802) 1745 – John Jay, 1st Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1829) 1779 – Madeleine Sophie Barat, French saint (d. 1865) 1783 – Ner Alexander Middleswarth, American politician (d. 1857) 1786 – William L. Marcy, American statesman (d. 1857) 1791 - Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (d. 1847) 1792 - Andreas Ypsilantis, Greek-Russian prince, general and rebel (d. 1828) 1799 – Karl Briullov, Russian painter (d. 1852) 1801 1900 1801 - King John I of Saxony (d. 1873) 1805 – William Lloyd Garrison, American abolitionist (d. 1879) 1806 – Stand Watie, American Confederate general (d. 1871) 1812 - John Sandfield Macdonald, 1st Premier of Ontario (d. 1872) 1814 - Don Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of Castillejos, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1870) 1821 – Gustave Flaubert, French writer (d. 1880) 1843 - William P. Dillingham, Governor of Vermont (d. 1923) 1845 – Bruce Price, American architect (d. 1903) 1845 - Fanny Churberg, Finnish painter (d. 1892) 1849 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, member of the Vanderbilt family (d. 1920) 1850 - Martin Frederick Ansel, Governor of South Carolina (d. 1945) 1862 - J. Bruce Ismay, British entrepreneur (d. 1937) 1863 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (d. 1944) 1864 – Paul Elmer More, American essayist (d. 1937) 1866 – Alfred Werner, Swiss Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919) 1870 – Walter Benona Sharp, American oil baron (d. 1912) 1875 – Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953) 1876 – Alvin Kraenzlein, Olympic gold medalist (d. 1928) 1879 - Laura Hope Crews, American actress (d. 1942) 1881 - Harry Warner, Polish-American studio executive (d. 1958) 1887 – Kurt Atterberg, Swedish composer (d. 1974) 1892 – Herman Potočnik Noordung, Croatia, Pula - rocket engineer (d. 1972) 1893 – Edward G. Robinson, American actor (d. 1973) 1900 – Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (d. 1988) 1901 1925 1903 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer (d. 1976) 1903 – Yasujiro Ozu, Japanese movie director (d. 1963) 1904 – Nicolas de Gunzburg, magazine editor and socialite (d. 1981) 1905 – Mànes Sperber, Austro-Hungarian-born writer (d. 1984) 1907 – Roy Douglas, British composer and orchestrator 1909 – Karen Morley, American actress (d. 2003) 1911 - Boun Oum, Prime Minister of Laos (d. 1980) 1912 – Thorbjorn Egner, Norwegian writer (d. 1990) 1912 - Boun Oum, Lao nobleman and politician (d. 1980) 1912 - Henry Armstrong, American boxer (d. 1988) 1913 - George Whitman, American bookstore owner (d. 2011) 1914 – Patrick O'Brian (Richard Patrick Russ), British writer (d. 2000) 1915 – Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor (d. 1998) 1918 – Joe Williams, American singer (d. 1999) 1918 - Igor Ansoff, Russian-American economist and mathematician (d. 2002) 1919 - José Villalonga, Spanish football manager (d. 1973) 1919 - Paavo Aaltonen, Finnish sportsman (d. 1962) 1919 – Olivia Barclay, British astrologer (d. 2001) 1919 – Dan DeCarlo, American cartoonist (d. 2001) 1920 - Fred Kida, American comic artist (d. 2014) 1923 – Bob Barker, American television game show host 1924 – Ed Koch, 105th Mayor of New York City (d. 2013) 1925 – Vladimir Shainsky, Soviet and Russian composer (d. 2017) 1926 1950 1927 – Honor Blackman, British actress 1927 – Robert Noyce, American inventor (d. 1990) 1928 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Soviet-born Kyrgyz writer (d. 2008) 1928 - Lionel Blair, British actor and choreographer 1928 - Helen Frankenthaler, American painter (d. 2011) 1929 – John Osborne, British dramatist and screenwriter (d. 1994) 1929 – Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese musician 1930 – Bill Beutel, American journalist 1930 - Gwyneth Dunwoody, British politician (d. 2008) 1930 - Silvio Santos, Brazilian television host 1932 – Bob Pettit, American basketball player 1933 - Manu Dibango, Cameroonian musician and songwriter 1934 – Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico (d. 2012) 1936 - Denise Coffey, English actress and dancer 1936 - Iolanda Balas, Romanian high jumper (d. 2016) 1937 – Michael Jeffery, former Governor-General of Australia (2003-2008) 1938 – Connie Francis, American singer 1940 – Sharad Pawar, Indian politician 1940 – Dionne Warwick, American singer 1941 - Tim Hauser, American singer (d. 2014) 1943 – Dickey Betts, American musician (The Allman Brothers) 1943 – Grover Washington, Jr., American saxophonist (d. 1999) 1944 – Kenneth Cranham, Scottish actor 1944 – Jean Doré, Quebec politician, Mayor of Montreal (d. 2015) 1945 – Portia Simpson-Miller, former Prime Minister of Jamaica 1945 - Luciano Castellini, Italian footballer 1946 – Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing driver, two-time Formula 1 World Champion 1946 – Paula Wagner, American movie executive 1948 - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal 1948 – Tom Wilkinson, English actor 1949 – Rajnikanth, Indian actor 1949 – Bill Nighy, English actor 1949 – Marc Ravalomanana, former President of Madagascar 1949 - Chris Baillieu, English rower 1949 - Gopinath Munde, Indian politician (d. 2014) 1950 – Billy Smith, National Hockey League goaltender 1951 1975 1951 - Anatoly Alyabyev, Russian biathlete 1951 - Rehman Malik, Pakistani politician 1952 – Harbance Singh (Herb) Dhaliwal, Canadian politician 1952 – Peter Haber, Swedish actor 1952 – Cathy Rigby, American gymnast 1952 - Manuel Rosales, Venezuelan politician 1953 – Bruce Kulick, American guitarist (Kiss) 1954 – Liz Claman, American television anchor 1955 – Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Greek businesswoman, President of the organizing committee for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens 1956 – Johan van der Velde, Dutch cyclist 1957 – Sheila E., American musician 1957 – Robert Lepage, Quebec playwright 1959 – Jasper Conran, British fashion designer 1960 - Volker Beck, German politician 1962 – Tracy Austin, American tennis player 1962 – Mike Golic, former NFL football player 1963 - Juan Carlos Varela, President of Panama 1964 – Sabu, American professional wrestler 1964 - Reeta Chakrabarti, English journalist 1965 – Will Carling, English rugby player 1966 – Maurizio Gaudino, German footballer 1966 – Royce Gracie, Brazilian martial artist 1966 - Ian Paisley, Jr., Northern Irish politician 1966 - Selen, Italian actress and television presenter 1967 - Walter Kogler, Austrian footballer 1967 – John Randle, American football player 1968 – Laurie Williams, Indian cricketer 1968 – Kate Humble, British television presenter 1969 - Wilfred Kirochi, Kenyan middle-distance runner 1969 - Sophie Kinsella, British author 1970 – Jennifer Connelly, American actress 1970 – Madchen Amick, American actress 1970 – Regina Hall, American actress 1970 - Wilson Kipketer, Kenyan-Danish athlete 1972 – Hank Williams III, grandson of Hank Williams 1972 – Nicky Eaden, English footballer 1972 – Kevin Parent, Quebec singer and songwriter 1972 – Yeoryios Theodoridis, Greek sprinter 1972 – Brandon Teena, American hate crime victim (d. 1993) 1973 – William Hutton, American engineer 1973 – Walter Otta, Argentine footballer 1973 - Dagur Kari, Icelandic moviemaker 1974 – Nolberto Solano, Peruvian footballer 1975 – Mayim Bialik, American actress 1975 – Craig Moore, Australian footballer From 1976 1976 – Dan Hawkins, British guitarist (The Darkness) 1977 – Orlando Hudson, American baseball player 1977 – Bridget Hall, American supermodel 1977 – Colin White, Canadian ice hockey player 1977 - Dean Macey, British athlete 1978 – Monica Barladeanu, Romanian actress 1978 – Nicole, Erica and Jaclyn Dahm, American triplet Playboy models 1978 – Evren Genis, Turkish composer 1979 – Garrett Atkins, American baseball player 1979 – Nate Clements, American football player 1979 – Sharin Foo, Danish singer and bassist 1980 - Dorin Goian, Romanian footballer 1981 – Jeret Peterson, American aerial skier (d. 2011) 1981 – Ronnie Brown, American football player 1981 – Yuvraj Singh, Indian cricket player 1981 – Stephen Warnock, British footballer 1981 – Pedro Ríos, Spanish footballer 1982 – Dmitry Tursunov, Russian tennis player 1983 – Katrina Elam, American singer 1983 – Brad Smith, American football player 1984 – Daniel Agger, Danish footballer 1986 – Thomas Wansey, English television actor 1986 – Perparim Hetemaj, Finnish footballer 1987 – Kate Todd, Canadian actress 1988 - Ham Eun-jung, South Korean singer and actress 1989 – Harry Eden, British actor 1990 – Tommy Lane, British football player 1990 – Victor Moses, Nigerian-British footballer 1991 – Daniel Magder, Canadian actor 1994 - Otto Warmbier, American student (d. 2017) Deaths Up to 1900 884 – Carloman, King of the West Franks 894 - Guy III of Spoleto, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor 1212 – Geoffrey, Archbishop of York 1569 – Metropolitan Philip of Moscow (b. 1507) 1574 – Selim II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1524) 1586 – Stefan Batory, King of Poland (b. 1533) 1685 – John Pell, English mathematician (b. 1610) 1751 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (b. 1678) 1754 – Wu Jingzi, Chinese writer (b. 1701) 1766 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German writer (b. 1700) 1789 – John Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713) 1790 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (b. 1733) 1843 – King William I of the Netherlands (b. 1772) 1858 – Jacques Viger, antiquarian and archeologist, first Mayor of Montreal (b. 1787) 1889 – Robert Browning, British poet (b. 1812) 1889 – Viktor Bunyakovsky, Russian mathematician (b. 1804) 1894 – Sir John Thompson, fourth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1845) 1901 2000 1912 - Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (b. 1821) 1913 – Emperor Menelek II of Ethiopia (b. 1844) 1923 – Raymond Radiguet, French writer (b. 1903) 1926 – Jean Richepin, French poet (b. 1849) 1929 – Charles Goodnight, American cattle baron (b. 1836) 1934 - Thorleif Haug, Norwegian skier (b. 1894) 1939 – Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (b. 1883) 1941 – Cesar Basa, Philippine Air Force and World War II hero (b. 1915) 1950 - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1884) 1952 – Bedřich Hrozný, Austro-Hungarian-born Czechoslovak orientalist and linguist (b. 1879) 1963 – Yasujiro Ozu, Japanese movie director (b. 1903) 1963 – Theodor Heuss, first President of the Federal Republic of Germany (b. 1884) 1968 – Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (b. 1902) 1970 – Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (b. 1889) 1971 – David Sarnoff, Russian-born American General Manager of RCA (b. 1891) 1976 – Jack Cassidy, American actor (b. 1921) 1976 – Vinko Zganec, Croatian ethnomusicologist (b. 1890) 1977 – Lady Spencer Churchill, wife of Winston Churchill (b. 1885) 1980 – Jean Lesage, French-Canadian politician, premier of Quebec (b. 1912) 1985 – Anne Baxter, American actress (b. 1923) 1985 – Ian Stewart, Scottish musician (b. 1938) 1992 – Suzanne Lilar, Belgian esssayist, novelist and playwright (b. 1901) 1993 – József Antall, Hungarian politician (b. 1932) 1994 – Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (b. 1933) 1996 – Vance Packard, American writer (b. 1914) 1997 – Yevgeniy Landis, Russian mathematician (b. 1921) 1998 – Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida (b. 1930) 1999 – Joseph Heller, American writer (b. 1923) 2000 – George Montgomery, American actor From 2001 2001 – Jean Richard, French actor (b. 1921) 2002 – Dee Brown, American writer (b. 1908) 2002 – Jay Wesley Neill, American convicted murderer (b. 1965) 2002 – Brad Dexter, American actor (b. 1917) 2003 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (b. 1923) 2003 – Joseph Anthony Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (b. 1926) 2005 – Gebran Tueni, Lebanese politician (b. 1957) 2005 – Annette Vadim, Danish actress (b. 1956) 2006 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (b. 1928) 2006 – Peter Boyle, American actor (b. 1956) 2006 – Al Shugart, pioneering American computer engineer and co-founder of Seagate Technology (b. 1930) 2006 – Raymond P. Shafer, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917) 2007 – Ike Turner, American musician (b. 1931) 2008 – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (b. 1934) 2010 – Tom Walkinshaw, British racing team owner (b. 1946) 2011 - Malina Olinescu, Romanian singer (b. 1974) 2012 - Nityanand Swami, Indian politician (b. 1927) 2013 - Abdul Quader Molla, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1948) (executed) 2013 - Jang Sung-taek, North Korean politician (b. 1946) (executed) 2013 - Audrey Totter, American actress (b. 1917) 2014 - Norman Bridwell, American writer, cartoonist and philanthropist (b. 1928) 2014 - Ivor Grattan-Guinness, English historian of mathematics (b. 1941) 2014 - John Persen, Norwegian footballer (b. 1941) 2014 - John Baxter, Scottish footballer (b. 1936) 2015 - Evelyn S. Lieberman, American public affairs professor (b. 1944) 2015 - Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (b. 1981) 2016 - E. R. Braithwaite, Guyanese novelist and diplomat (b. 1912) 2017 - Pat DiNizio, American singer and musician (b. 1955) 2017 - Alessandro Kokocinski, Italian-Argentine artist and sculptor (b. 1948) 2017 - Ed Lee, American politician, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1952) 2017 - Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman, Israeli rabbi (b. 1913) 2017 - Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1968) 2020 - Charley Pride, American country singer (b. 1934) Holidays and observances R.C. Saints – optional memorial of Our Lady of Guadalupe Bahá'í Faith – Feast of Masá'il (Questions) – First day of the 15th month of the Bahá'í Calendar Kenya – Jamhuri Day: Independence Day (from Britain, 1963) Russia - Constitution Day Japan - Kanji Day Turkmenistan - Neutrality Day Other websites BBC: On This Day The New York Times: On This Day On This Day in Canada Days of the year

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2013

December 13

Events Up to 1900 1294 - Pope Celestine V resigns from the papacy after only five months. He was the last pope to resign voluntarily until Pope Benedict XVI did so in 2013. 1545 - The Council of Trent begins. 1577 - Francis Drake sets sail on his global voyage from Plymouth, Southwest England, on the ship The Golden Hind. 1642 - Abel Tasman reaches New Zealand. 1643 - English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire. 1675 - The Swedish-controlled North German city of Wismar is attacked by Danish troops during the Scanian War. 1758 - English transport ship Duke William sinks in the North Atlantic Ocean, killing over 360 people. 1769 - Dartmouth College is founded in New Hampshire. 1862 - American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee defeats Union General Ambrose Burnside. 1864 - Paraguay declares war on Brazil. 1901 2000 1937 - Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking - Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre committed by Japanese forces against local civilians. 1939 - Holocaust: Neuengamme Concentration Camp opens. 1939 - World War II: The Battle of River Plate takes place between the German Navy and the British Royal Navy. 1941 - World War II: The Kingdoms of Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. 1941 - A glacier breaks apart at Palcacocha Lake in the Peruvian Andes, resulting in a mud avalanche that kills around 6,000 people in the city of Huaraz. 1943 - World War II: Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece. 1949 - Israel's parliament, the Knesset, votes to make Jerusalem the capital city of Israel. 1959 - Archbishop Makarios III becomes the first President of Cyprus. 1960 - Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie is removed from power while on a visit abroad, in Brazil. 1962 - NASA launches Relay 1, the first active repeater communications satellite in orbit. 1967 - The deposed King Constantine II of Greece attempts an unsuccessful coup against the Regime of the Colonels. 1967 - The Pioneer 8 space probe is launched. 1972 - Apollo 17 astronauts Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan become the last people to-date to have set foot on the Moon. 1974 - Malta becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. 1977 - A DC-3 aircraft chartered from Indianapolis-based National Jet crashes near Evansville Regional Airport in Indiana, killing 29 people, including the entire University of Evansville basketball team. 1979 - Joe Clark's Canadian government is defeated in a vote of confidence. A new election in early 1980 brings Pierre Trudeau back as Prime Minister of Canada, less than a year after being voted out of the post. 1981 - General Wojciech Jaruzelski declares Martial Law in Poland. 1982 - The Arabian peninsula is struck by magnitude 6 earthquake, killing around 2,800 people. 1985 - Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashes in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, killing all 256 people on board. 1989 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out an attack at the Derryard Checkpoint in Northern Ireland, killing 2 British soldiers. 1996 - Kofi Annan is chosen as UN Secretary-General. He succeeds Boutros Boutros-Ghali on January 1, 1997. 2000 - The "Texas Seven" escape from the John B. Connally Unit near Kennedy, Texas and go an a robbery spree. From 2001 2001 - The Indian parliament building in New Delhi is attacked by terrorists. 2002 - The EU announces that ten new member states are to join on May 1, 2004. 2003 – Saddam Hussein is captured by United States-led forces near his home town of Tikrit. 2006 - Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is adopted. 2007 - Treaty of Lisbon is adopted. 2011 - Gunman Nordine Amrani shoots six people dead at a Christmas market in Liege, Belgium, before killing himself. 2014 - A landslide in Java, Indonesia, kills at least 18 people and leaves 90 missing. 2016 - Syrian civil war: Government forces take control of the city of Aleppo. Births Up to 1900 1272 - Frederick III of Sicily (d. 1337) 1521 - Pope Sixtus V (d. 1590) 1533 - King Eric XIV of Sweden (d. 1577) 1553 – King Henry IV of France (d. 1610) 1560 - Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, French statesman (d. 1641) 1640 - Robert Plot, English chemist and academic (d. 1696) 1662 - Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist (d. 1729) 1678 - Yongzheng Emperor of China (d. 1735) 1684 - Ludvig Holberg, Norwegian historian, philosopher and author (d. 1754) 1720 - Carlo Gozzi, Italian dramatist (d. 1804) 1780 - Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, German chemist (d. 1849) 1784 - Archduke Louis of Austria (d. 1864) 1790 - Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, conspirator against Louis Philippe I of France (d. 1836) 1797 - Heinrich Heine, German poet (d. 1856) 1804 - Joseph Howe, 5th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 1873) 1816 - Ernst Werner von Siemens, German engineer, inventor and industrialist (d. 1892) 1818 - Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (d. 1882) 1836 - Franz von Lenbach, German painter (d. 1904) 1846 - Henri-Paul Motte, French painter (d. 1922) 1854 - Herman Bavinck, Dutch theologian and churchman (d. 1921) 1860 - Lucien Guitry, French actor (d. 1925) 1864 - Emil Seidel, Mayor of Milwaukee (d. 1947) 1867 - Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian explorer and scientist (d. 1917) 1870 - Edward LeSaint, American actor and director (d. 1914) 1871 - Emily Carr, Canadian artist (d. 1945) 1874 - Josef Lhevinne, Russian pianist and professor (d. 1944) 1883 - Belle da Costa Greene, American librarian, bibliographer and archivist (d. 1950) 1887 - Alvin York, American soldier (d. 1964) 1894 - Fernando de Fuentes, Mexican movie director (d. 1958) 1897 - Albert Aalbers, Dutch architect (d. 1961) 1900 - Jonel Perlea, Romanian conductor (d. 1970) 1901 1950 1902 - Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1986) 1902 - Talcott Parsons, American sociologist (d. 1979) 1903 - Ella Baker, American Civil Rights activist (d. 1986) 1903 - Carlos Montoya, Spanish guitarist (d. 1993) 1906 - Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (d. 1968) 1906 - Laurens van der Post, South African writer (d. 1996) 1911 - Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist (d. 1999) 1913 - Arnold Brown, 11th General of the Salvation Army (d. 2002) 1913 - Archie Moore, American boxer (d. 1998) 1915 - B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1983) 1915 - Curd Jürgens, German-Austrian actor (d. 1982) 1916 - Archie Moore, American boxer (d. 1998) 1918 - Kim Won-kwon, Korean athlete 1918 - Rosalia Lombardo, Italian pneumonia victim (d. 1920) 1920 - George Shultz, 60th United States Secretary of State 1923 - Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist 1923 - Antoni Tapies, Catalan artist (d. 2012) 1923 - Edward Clancy, Australian cardinal (d. 2014) 1923 - Frankie Fraser, English gangster (d. 2014) 1924 - Maria Riva, American actress 1925 - Dick Van Dyke, American actor 1926 - George Rhoden, Jamaican athlete 1927 - Geneviève Page, French actress 1928 - Nati Mistral, Spanish actress (d. 2017) 1928 - Jack Tramiel, Polish-born American businessman (d. 2012) 1929 - Christopher Plummer, Canadian actor 1933 - Doug Mohns, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1934 - Richard D. Zanuck, American movie producer (d. 2012) 1936 - Shah Karim al-Husseini, Agha Khan IV 1937 - Robert Gernhardt, German poet (d. 2006) 1938 - Heino, German folk singer 1941 - John Davidson, American actor and game show host 1942 - Howard Brenton, English playwright and screenwriter 1942 - Arne Treholt, Norwegian politician 1942 - Anna Eshoo, American politician 1942 - Ferguson Jenkins, Canadian baseball player 1943 - Nikhil Baran Sengupta, Indian art director, producer and designer (d. 2014) 1945 - Herman Cain, American businessman and politician 1946 - Pierino Prati, Italian footballer 1947 - Luis Angelo Gonzalez Macchi, former President of Paraguay 1948 - Ted Nugent, American musician 1948 - Lillian Board, British athlete (d. 1970) 1949 - Robert Lindsay, British actor 1949 - Manfred Bleskin, German journalist (d. 2014) 1950 - Tom Vilsack, 40th Governor of Iowa 1951 1975 1952 - Sylvester Ritter, American professional wrestler (d. 1998) 1953 - Ben Bernanke, American economist 1953 - Thomas Kurzhals, German keyboardist and songwriter (d. 2014) 1953 - Bob Gainey, Canadian ice hockey player 1956 - Majida El Roumi, Lebanese soprano 1956 - Phil Hubbard, American basketball player 1957 - Steve Buscemi, American actor 1958 - Lynn-Holly Johnson, American figure skater 1959 - Johnny Whitaker, American actor and singer 1960 - José Eduardo Agualusa, Angolan writer 1961 - Harry Gregson-Williams, British movie score composer, music producer and conductor 1961 - Toru Yoshikawa, Japanese footballer 1962 - Roger Ilegems, Belgian cyclist 1964 - Hide, Japanese musician (d. 1998) 1964 - Dieter Eilts, German footballer 1966 - Craig Brewster, Scottish footballer 1967 – Jamie Foxx, American actor and singer 1967 - Noel Fitzpatrick, Irish veterinarian 1969 - Sergei Fedorov, Russian ice hockey player 1970 - Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner, Austrian mountaineer 1971 - Leanne Wood, Welsh politician, leader of Plaid Cymru 1971 - Gloria Casarez, American activist (d. 2014) 1973 - Christie Clark, American actress 1974 – Sara Cox, English television and radio presenter 1974 - Nicholas McCarthy, British musician for Franz Ferdinand 1975 - Tom DeLonge, American musician From 1976 1976 - Radoslaw Sobolewski, Polish footballer 1977 - Sascha Kindred, German-born British Paralympic swimmer 1977 - Lauri Porra, Finnish musician 1977 - Peter Stringer, Irish rugby player 1978 - Kaspars Kambala, Latvian basketball player 1978 - Olav Bjortomt, British quiz player, crossword compiler 1980 - Satoshi Tsumabuki, Japanese actor 1980 - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk, Polish actress 1981 - Amy Lee, American singer-songwriter 1981 - Liam Lawrence, Irish footballer 1984 - Santi Cazorla, Spanish footballer 1984 - Michal Kadlec, Czech footballer 1985 - Michael Bumpus, American football player 1987 - James Holmes, American mass shooter 1988 - Rickie Fowler, American golfer 1989 – Taylor Swift, American country singer 1989 - Dasha Kapustina, Russian model 1989 - Katherine Schwarzenegger, American author 1991 - Sénah Mongo, Togolese footballer 1995 - Marvin Friedrich, German footballer Deaths Up to 1900 558 - Childebert I, King of Paris (b. 496) 838 - Pepin I of Aquitaine (b. 797) 1048 - Abu Rahman al-Biruni, Persian scholar and polymath (b. 973) 1124 - Pope Callixtus II (b. 1065) 1126 - Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1075) 1204 - Maimonides, Spanish rabbi and philosopher (b. 1135) 1250 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1194) 1404 - Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1336) 1466 - Donatello, Florentine painter and sculptor (b. 1386) 1516 - Johannes Trithemius, German cryptographer and historian (b. 1462) 1521 - King Manuel I of Portugal (b. 1469) 1557 - Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician and engineer (b. 1500) 1565 - Conrad Gessner, Swiss botanist and physician (b. 1516) 1621 - Catherine Stenbock, Queen Consort of Sweden (b. 1535) 1721 - Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor and castaway, inspiration for Robinson Crusoe (b. 1676) 1729 - Anthony Collins, English philosopher (b. 1676) 1754 - Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1696) 1769 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet (b. 1715) 1783 - Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (b. 1717) 1784 - Samuel Johnson, English poet and lexicographer (b. 1709) 1837 - Herman of Alaska, Russian missionary and saint (b. 756) 1863 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (b. 1813) 1868 - Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist and explorer (b. 1794) 1883 - Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812) 1901 2000 1917 - Ebe W. Tunnell, Governor of Delaware (b. 1844) 1922 - Hannes Hafstein, 1st Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1861) 1924 - Samuel Gompers, English-American labor leader (b. 1850) 1930 - Fritz Pregl, Slovenian-Austrian chemist (b. 1869) 1931 - Gustave le Bon, French psychologist (b. 1841) 1932 - Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter (b. 1853) 1934 - Thomas A. Watson, assistant to Alexander Graham Bell (b. 1854) 1935 - Victor Grignard, French chemist (b. 1871) 1942 - Wlodimir Ledochowski, Austrian-Polish religious leader (b. 1866) 1944 - Wassily Kandinsky, Russian painter (b. 1866) 1944 - Lupe Velez, Mexican actress (b. 1908) 1954 - John Raymond Hubbell, American director and composer (b. 1879) 1955 - Egas Moniz, Portuguese psychiatrist and neurosurgeon (b. 1874) 1961 - Grandma Moses, American painter (b. 1860) 1962 - Harry Barris, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1905) 1969 - Spencer Williams, American actor and director (b. 1893) 1972 - Gustav Schwarzenegger, Austrian police chief and inspector (b. 1907) 1973 - Giuseppe Beltrami, Italian cardinal and Vatican City diplomat (b. 1889) 1974 – Betty Van Patter, member of the Black Panther Party, murdered. 1981 - Pigmeat Markham, American actor, singer and dancer (b. 1904) 1986 - Heather Angel, English actress (b. 1969) 1986 - Ella Baker, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1903) 1992 - Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, American businessman (b. 1899) 1994 - Antoine Pinay, Prime Minister of France (b. 1891) From 2001 2001 – Chuck Schuldiner, singer/guitarist of Death 2002 - Zal Yanovsky, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944) 2003 - William V. Roth, Jr., American politician (b. 1921) 2006 - Lamar Hunt, American businessman (b. 1932) 2008 - Kathy Staff, English actress (b. 1928) 2008 - Horst Tappert, German actor (b. 1923) 2009 - Paul Samuelson, American economist (b. 1918) 2010 - Richard Holbrooke, American diplomat (b. 1941) 2011 - Klaus-Dieter Sieloff, German footballer (b. 1942) 2012 - Maurice Herzog, French mountaineer (b. 1919) 2014 - Ernst Albrecht, German politician, Prime Minister of Lower Saxony (b. 1930) 2014 - Andreas Schockenhoff, German politician (b. 1957) 2014 - Bill Bonds, American news presenter (b. 1932) 2014 - Joan Barril, Spanish writer and journalist (b. 1952) 2015 - Benedict Anderson, American academic and writer (b. 1936) 2015 - John Bannon, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (b. 1943) 2016 - Thomas Schelling, American economist (b. 1921) 2016 - Alan Thicke, Canadian actor (b. 1947) 2017 - Warrel Dane, American heavy metal singer-songwriter (b. 1961) 2017 - Simon Dickie, New Zealand rower (b. 1951) 2017 - Bruce Gray, Puerto Rican-Canadian actor (b. 1936) 2017 - Bill Hudson, American football player (b. 1935) 2017 - Dan Johnson, American politician (b. 1960) 2017 - Frank Lary, American baseball player (b. 1930) 2017 - Gerald O'Brien, New Zealand politician (b. 1924) 2021 - Tank, dog of Tristan Corso Holidays Saint Lucy's Day, celebrated in some European countries, mainly in Sweden National Day of Saint Lucia Republic Day (Malta) Acadian Remembrance Day Days of the year

10102

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2015

December 15

Events Up to 1900 533 – The Battle of Ticameron begins. 687 – St. Sergius I becomes Pope. 1161 - China: Military officers conspire against Emperor Hailingwang of Jin, of the Jin Dynasty, and kill him in a military coup near the Yangtze River front. 1167 - Sicilian Chancellor Stephen du Perche moves the royal court to Messina to prevent rebellion. 1256 – Hulagu Khan captures and destroys the Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut in present-day Iran. 1467 - Stephen III of Moldavia defeats Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with the latter being injured, at the Battle of Baia. 1640 - John IV of Portugal becomes King. 1778 - American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia. 1791 – The United States Bill of Rights is passed. 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Nashville - Union forces under George Thomas almost completely destroy the Army of Tennessee under John Hood. 1881 - The El Habra dam in Algeria breaks, resulting in a flood that kills around 250 people. 1890 – Native American chief Sitting Bull is shot dead by Reservation police. 1891 – James Naismith introduces basketball. 1901 2000 1905 - The Pushkin House is founded in St. Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin. 1913 – Nicaragua becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires Convention. 1914 – A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hojyo coal mine, Kyushu, kills 687 people. 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Łódź ends; Russians retreat toward Moscow. 1914 - World War I: The Serbian army recaptures Belgrade from the invading Hungarian army. 1916 – World War I: France defeats Germany in the Battle of Verdun. 1917 - World War I: An armistice is reached between Russia's new Bolshevik government and the Central Powers. 1933 - The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution becomes effective, reversing the 18th Amendment, which had banned the sale, manufacture and transportation of alcohol. 1939 – Gone with the Wind premiers in Atlanta, Georgia. 1941 – Holocaust: Nazi troops murder 15,000 Jews at Drobitsky Yar, near Kharkiv. 1943 - World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign. 1945 – General Douglas MacArthur orders end of Shinto as state religion of Japan. 1946 - US-backed Iranian troops evict the leadership of the breakaway Republic of Mahabad, putting an end to the Iran crisis of 1946. 1954 – The Charter for the Netherlands enters effect. 1957 - The population of Munich reaches one million. 1960 – Mahendra of Nepal imposes direct rule. 1960 - Richard Pavlik is arrested for plotting to kill US President-elect John F. Kennedy. 1961 – An Israeli war crimes tribunal sentences Adolf Eichmann to die for his part in the Jewish Holocaust 1965 – Gemini program: Gemini 6A is launched. 1967 – The Silver Bridge over the Ohio River collapses, killing 46 people. 1970 – Soviet spacecraft Venera 7 successfully lands on Venus. 1970 – South Korean ferry Namyong Ho capsizes in Korea Strait, killing 308 people. 1973 – John Paul Getty III is found alive after being kidnapped in Naples, Italy, a few months earlier. 1973 - The American Psychiatric Association votes 13-0 to remove Homosexuality from its list of psychiatric disorders. 1976 – Samoa becomes a member of the UN. 1976 - The oil tanker MV Argo Merchant runs aground off Nantucket, Massachusetts, causing an oil spill. 1978 - US President Jimmy Carter announces that the US is to start diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and would therefore sever relations with the Republic of China, exiled on the island of Taiwan. 1979 - The board game Trivial Pursuit is created by Canadians Chris Haney and Scott Abbott. 1993 - The Troubles: The Downing Street Declaration is issued by British Prime Minister John Major and Irish Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. 1994 – Netscape Navigator 1.0 is first released. 1994 – Palau becomes a member of the UN. 1995 – The European Communities Court of Justice passes the Bosman ruling 1997 – A chartered Tupolev TU-154 from Tajikistan crashes in the desert near Sharja, United Arab Emirates airport killing 85. 1997 - The Treaty of Bangkok is signed, making Southeast Asia a nuclear weapon-free zone. 1999 - After weeks of heavy rain, several landslides occur in Northern Venezuela, killing hundreds of people. 2000 - The Third Reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Pant in present-day Ukraine is shut down. From 2001 2001 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa is reopened to the public almost 12 years after it was closed for restoration. 2002 – BBC 7, digital radio station, is launched in UK. 2004 – David Blunkett, Home Secretary in the British Government, resigns over a VISA scandal. 2009 – First flight of a Boeing 787 2010 – A boat carrying about 90 asylum seekers crashes on rocks off Christmas Island, killing around 30 people. 2011 – American troops withdraw from Iraq. 2013 - The funeral and burial of Nelson Mandela take place in his home village of Qunu, Eastern Cape, South Africa. He had died on December 5 at the age of 95 - See Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela. 2013 - Michelle Bachelet wins Chile's Presidential election. She had previously served as President from 2006 until 2010. 2014 - 2014 Sydney hostage crisis: Iranian refugee and known criminal Man Haron Monis takes several people hostage in a café in Sydney, Australia. The siege is ended early the next day in a gun battle in which the attacker and two hostages are killed. 2017 - Star Wars: The Last Jedi is released in theaters in the U.S.A. Births Up to 1900 37 – Nero, Roman Emperor (d. 68) 130 - Lucius Verus, Roman Emperor {d.169} 1447 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1508) 1567 - Christoph Demantius, German composer (d. 1643) 1588 - Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1658) 1657 - Michel Richard Delalande, French composer and organist (d. 1726) 1686 - Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish composer (d. 1746) 1719 - Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1790) 1760 - David Heinrich Hoppe, German pharmacist, entomologist and physician (d. 1846) 1789 - Carlos Soublette, 11th President of Venezuela (d. 1870) 1796 - Hiram Runnels, Governor of Mississippi (d. 1857) 1810 - Peter Andreas Munch, Norwegian historian (d. 1863) 1832 – Gustave Eiffel, French architect (d. 1923) 1834 - Charles Augustus Young, American astronomer (d. 1908) 1852 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1908) 1853 - Francisco Silvela, Spanish historian and politician (d. 1905) 1859 – L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto (d. 1917) 1860 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish doctor, won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1904) 1861 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, President of Finland (d. 1944) 1861 - Charles Duryea, American engineer (d. 1938) 1875 - Emilio Jacinto, Filipino journalist and revolutionary (d. 1899) 1878 – Hans Carossa, German writer (d. 1956) 1881 – Eugen Bolz, German politician and Resistance activist (d. 1945) 1885 - Leonid Pitamic, Yugoslavian legal philosopher and diplomat (d. 1974) 1888 - Maxwell Anderson, American journalist and playwright (d. 1959) 1890 - Harry Babcock, American pole vaulter (d. 1965) 1892 – J. Paul Getty, American oil tycoon (d. 1976) 1894 - Josef Imbach, Swiss sprinter (d. 1964) 1896 – Betty Smith, American writer (d. 1972) 1899 – Harold Abrahams, British sprinter (d. 1978) 1901 1950 1902 - Robert F. Bradford, 57th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1983) 1903 - Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1938) 1906 - Edmond Debeaumarché, French resistance activist (d. 1959) 1907 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect (d. 2012) 1907 - Gordon Douglas, American film director (d. 1993) 1909 - Sattar Bahlulzade, Azerbaijani painter (d. 1974) 1910 – John H. Hammond, American musician and record producer (d. 1987) 1911 – Stan Kenton, American musician (d. 1979) 1916 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist (d. 2004) 1916 - Buddy Cole, American pianist (d. 1964) 1917 - Hilde Zadek, German operatic soprano (d. 2019) 1918 - Jeff Chandler, American actor, film producer and singer (d. 1961) 1919 - Max Yasgur, American farmer, owner of the site of the Woodstock festival (d. 1973) 1920 - Albert Memmi, Tunisian-French writer and essayist 1923 – Freeman Dyson, English-American physicist 1923 - Uziel Gal, German-Israeli firearms designer (d. 2001) 1923 - Inge Keller, German actress (d. 2017) 1923 - Valentin Varennikov, Soviet general and politician (d. 2009) 1928 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian artist (d. 2000) 1928 - Ida Haendel, Polish-English violinist 1930 - Edna O'Brien, Irish author 1931 – Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish writer (d. 2015) 1932 - John Meurig Thomas, Welsh chemist 1933 - Bapu, Indian movie director (d. 2014) 1933 - Tim Conway, American comedian and actor (d. 2019) 1933 - Donald Woods, South African journalist and Anti-Apartheid activist (d. 2001) 1934 - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia (d. 2012) 1934 - Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Somali leader (d. 1996) 1934 - Curtis Fuller, American jazz musician 1936 – Joe D'Amato, Italian movie maker (d. 1999) 1938 – Juan Carlos Wasmosy, former President of Paraguay 1938 - Bob Foster, American boxer (d. 2015) 1939 – Cindy Birdsong, American singer 1942 – Kathleen Blanco, American politician, 54th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2019) 1942 - Dave Clark, English drummer, songwriter and producer 1943 - Lorenzo Piretto, Italian archbishop 1944 – Chico Mendes, Brazilian activist (d. 1988) 1946 - Carmine Appice, American rock musician 1948 – Cassandra Harris, Australian actress (d. 1991) 1949 - Don Johnson, American actor, singer and producer 1950 - Melanie Chartoff, American actress and comedienne 1951 1975 1951 - Joe Jordan, Scottish footballer and manager 1952 – Allan Simonsen, Danish footballer 1952 - Julie Taymor, American director, producer and screenwriter 1953 - Robert Charles Wilson, American-Canadian science fiction author 1954 – Mark Warner, American politician 1955 – Paul Simonon, English musician (The Clash) 1955 – Renate Künast, German politician 1957 - Laura Molina, American singer, guitarist, actress and painter 1957 - Tim Reynolds, German-American singer-songwriter and musician 1958 - Alfredo Ormando, Italian writer (d. 1998) 1958 - Stephan Weil, German politician, Minister-President of Lower Saxony since 2013 1960 - Irma Boom, Dutch graphic designer 1962 – Gary Mason, British boxer (d. 2011) 1963 - Ellie Cornell, American actress and movie producer 1963 – Helen Slater, American actress 1964 - Michael Le Vell, English actor 1964 - Paul Kaye, English comedian, actor and screenwriter 1966 - Carl Hooper, Guyanese cricketer 1966 - Molly Price, American actress 1969 – Chantal Petitclerc, Canadian wheelchair athlete 1970 – Frankie Dettori, Italian jockey 1970 - Lawrence Funderburke, American basketball player 1970 - Michael Shanks, Canadian actor 1971 - Clint Lowery, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer 1971 - Arne Quinze, Belgian conceptual artist 1972 - Kaye Wragg, English actress 1973 - Ryoo Seung-wan, South Korean director, screenwriter and actor From 1976 1976 - Bhaichung Bhutia, Indian footballer 1977 – Dave Mackintosh, Scottish musician 1977 - Mehmet Aurélio, Brazilian-Turkish footballer 1978 - Mark Jansen, Dutch guitarist 1979 – Adam Brody, American actor 1980 – Serge Pizzorno, English musician (Kasabian) 1981 - Michelle Dockery, English actress 1981 – Roman Pavlyuchenko, Russian footballer 1981 – Hossam Ghaly, Egyptian footballer 1982 - Charlie Cox, English actor 1983 - Wang Hao, Chinese table tennis player 1983 – Delon Armitage, English rugby player 1983 – Ronnie Radke, American singer 1984 - Kirsty Lee Allan, Australian actress 1984 – Martin Skrtel, Slovakian footballer 1986 - Keylor Navas, Costa Rican footballer 1986 - Kim Junsu, South Korean singer-songwriter and actor 1986 - Snejana Onopka, Ukrainian model 1988 - Emily Head, English actress 1988 - Steven Nzonzi, French footballer 1992 - Jesse Lingard, English footballer 1993 - Kyle Waddell, Scottish curler 1994 - Emma Lockhart, American actress 1998 - Chandler Canterbury, American actor Deaths Up to 1950 1025 – Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 958) 1072 – Alp Arslan, Turkish sultan in Persia (b. 1029) 1161 - Emperor Hailingwang of Jin of China 1230 - Ottokar I of Bohemia (b. 1155) 1263 – King Haakon IV of Norway (b. 1204) 1598 – Philips van Marnix, lord of Sint-Aldegonde, Dutch writer and statesman (b. 1538) 1621 – Charles de Luynes, Constable of France (b. 1578) 1673 – Margaret Cavendish, English writer (b. 1623) 1675 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632) 1683 – Izaak Walton, English writer (b. 1593) 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar (b. 1642) 1753 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (b. 1694) 1792 – Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish composer (b. 1756) 1855 - Joseph Charles François Sturm, French mathematician (b. 1803) 1878 - Alfred Bird, English chemist and manufacturer (b. 1811) 1885 - Ferdinand II of Portugal (b. 1816) 1890 – Sitting Bull, Sioux nation leader (b. c.1831) 1943 – Fats Waller, American musician (b. 1904) 1944 – Glenn Miller, American musician (b. 1904) 1950 - Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian politician (b. 1875) From 1951 1953 - Robert Stangland, American jumper (b. 1881) 1958 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900) 1962 - Charles Laughton, English-American actor, director and producer (b. 1899) 1966 – Walt Disney, American animator (b. 1901) 1968 – Jess Willard, American boxer (b. 1881) 1968 - Antonio Barrette, 18th Premier of Quebec (b. 1899) 1974 – Anatole Litvak, Ukrainian-born writer (b. 1902) 1977 - Wilfred Kitching, 7th General of the Salvation Army (b. 1893) 1984 – Jan Peerce, American tenor (b. 1904) 1985 – Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Mauritian politician (b. 1900) 1989 – Arnold Moss, American character actor (b. 1910) 1991 – Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet World War II hero (b. 1915) 2001 – Rufus Thomas, American musician (b. 1917) 2001 – Russ Haas, Pro Wrestler (b. 1974) 2003 – George Fisher, American political cartoonist (b. 1923) 2006 – Clay Regazzoni, Swiss racing driver (b. 1939) 2007 – Julia Carson, American politician (b. 1938) 2008 - León Febres Cordero, 46th President of Ecuador (b. 1931) 2009 – Oral Roberts, American television evangelist (b. 1918) 2010 – Blake Edwards, American movie director (b. 1922) 2010 – Bob Feller, American baseball player (b. 1918) 2010 – Jean Rollin, French movie director and producer (b. 1938) 2011 – Christopher Hitchens, British-American writer, journalist and critic (b. 1949) 2013 - Joan Fontaine, British-American actress (b. 1917) 2013 - Harold Camping, American evangelist and Doomsday predictor (b. 1921) 2014 - Chakri, Indian movie composer and singer (b. 1974) 2014 - Mustapha Maarof, Malaysian actor (b. 1935) 2015 - Licio Gelli, Italian financier (b. 1919) 2015 - Harry Zvi Tabor, British-Israeli physicist (b. 1917) 2016 - Craig Sager, American sportscaster (b. 1951) 2017 - A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1944) 2017 - Reinhart Fuchs, German chess player (b. 1934) 2017 - Ana María Vela Rubio, Spanish supercentenarian (b. 1901) 2017 - Heinz Wolff, German-British scientist and broadcaster (b. 1928) 2018 - Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (b. 1924) 2018 - Philippe Moureaux, Belgian politician (b. 1939) 2019 - Nicky Henson, English actor (b. 1945) 2019 - Chuck Peddle, American electrical engineer (b. 1937) Observances Homecoming Day (Alderney) Kingdom Day (Netherlands) Zamenhof Day (Esperanto) Days of the year

10103

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2016

December 16

Events Up to 1900 1431 – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France. 1497 - Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope in present-day South Africa, the point where Bartolomeu Dias had previously turned back to Portugal. 1575 - A massive earthquake hits Valdivia, Chile. 1598 - Second War of Jeong-yu: Battle of Noryang - Chinese general Chen Lin heavily damages the Japanese fleet, which successfully retreats. 1631 – An eruption of Mount Vesuvius kills around 4,000 people. 1653 – Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. 1689 – Convention Parliament: In England, the Declaration of the Right is embodied in the Bill of Rights. 1707 – The last eruption of Mount Fuji, to date, occurs. 1761 - Seven Years' War: After a four-month siege, Russians under Pyotr Rumyantsev take the Prussian fortress in Kolobrzeg. 1773 – Boston Tea Party: American patriots dump crates of tea into Boston Harbor at protest against the tea act. 1796 - French ship Seduisant sinks off Brest, Brittany, France, killing 680. 1811 – The first in a series of strong earthquakes hits New Madrid, Missouri. 1830 – Uruguay adopts its current flag. 1838 - Great Trek: Battle of Blood River - Voortrekkers under Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu "impis" led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in present-day KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 1857 - An earthquake strikes the Basilicata region of Italy, killing 11,000 people. 1863 - American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate army of Tennessee. 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Nashville - Major General George Thomas' Union forces defeat Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Confederate army of Tennessee. 1880 - The Boer Republic Transvaal declares independence from the United Kingdom under the name of "South African Republic". The first shots of the First Boer War are fired. 1899 – AC Milan FC is founded. 1900 - German ship Gneisenau sinks in a storm off Malaga, Spain, killing 40 people. 1901 2000 1903 - The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower hotel in Bombay, India, opens to guests for the first time. 1912 - First Balkan War: The Royal Hellenic Navy defeats the Ottoman Empire Navy at the Battle of Elli. 1914 - World War I: German battleships under Franz von Hipper bombard the English ports of Hartlepool and Scarborough. 1918 - Vincas Mickevicius-Kapsukas declares the formation of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. 1920 – An earthquake in Gansu province in China kills an estimated 200,000 people. 1922 – Polish President Gabriel Narutowicz is assassinated. 1927 - Donald Bradman first appears in a first-class cricket match, for New South Wales against South Australia. 1937 - Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from Alcatraz, but are never seen again. 1941 - World War II: Japanese forces occupy Miri, Sarawak. 1942 - Holocaust: Heinrich Himmler orders Roma candidates for extermination to be deported to Auschwitz. 1944 - World War II: The Battle of the Bulge begins with a surprise offensive of three German armies through the Ardennes forest. 1946 – Thailand joins the UN. 1947 - William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain build the first practical point-contact transistor. 1950 - Korean War: Harry S. Truman declares a state of emergency, after Chinese troops enter the war in support of North Korea. 1957 - Feroz Khan Noon replaces Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar as Prime Minister of Pakistan. 1960 - New York City Air Disaster: Approaching New York Idlewild Airport from Chicago, a United Airlines Douglas DC-8 collides with a TWA Lockheed Super Constellation Aircraft during a snowstorm on Staten Island, killing 134 people. 1965 – Taufa'ahau Tupou IV becomes King of Tonga. 1965 - The Pioneer 6 space probe is launched. 1966 - South Korean ferry Namjung-Ho sinks, killing 270 people. 1966 - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are adopted. 1971 – Bahrain becomes independent. 1971 – The Bangladesh War of Independence and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 come to an end. 1972 – Vietnam War: Henry Kissinger announces that North Vietnam has left peace negotiations. 1979 - Libya increases crude oil prices. 1985 - New York City crime: Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead on the orders of John Gotti. 1988 - In the UK, Edwina Currie resigns as junior health minister, after suggesting that most eggs contain salmonella. 1989 – Romanian Revolution: Clashes begins between protestors and Securitate in Timisoara, Romania. 1991 – Egyptian ferry Salem Express crashes into a reef and sinks, killing over 700 people. 200 can be rescued. 1991 – Kazakhstan becomes independent from the Soviet Union. 1997 - A Japanese airing of the Denno Senshi-Porygon episode of Pokémon causes seizures in 685 viewers. 1998 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The United Kingdom and United States bomb targets in Iraq. From 2001 2011 – Typhoon Washi hits the Philippines in the night to December 17. 2012 - 2012 Delhi gang rape case: A 23-year-old female student is gang-raped by a group of men while getting off a bus in Delhi. She dies on December 29 and the attack attracts much attention and debate around the world. 2014 - The 2014 Sydney hostage crisis comes to an end, as police storm the café in Sydney, Australia, where Man Haron Monis had held people hostage since the previous day. Three people are killed, including the hostage taker. 2014 - Members of the Pakistani Taliban carry out a massacre at an army school in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing at least 141 people, most of them children. Births Up to 1900 868 - Emperor Yozei of Japan (d. 949) 1364 - Emperor Manuel III of Trebizond (d. 1417) 1485 – Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (d. 1536) 1584 - John Selden, English polymath (d. 1654) 1614 - Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1674) 1714 - George Whitefield, English clergyman (d. 1770) 1716 - Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French diplomat (d. 1798) 1717 - Elizabeth Carter, English poet (d. 1806) 1742 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian field marshal (d. 1819) 1770 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer (d. 1827) 1775 – Jane Austen, English novelist (d. 1817) 1775 - François Adrien Boieldieu, French composer (d. 1834) 1776 – Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German physicist (d. 1810) 1787 - Mary Russell Mitford, English author and playwright (d. 1855) 1790 – King Leopold I of Belgium (d. 1865) 1804 – Viktor Bunyakovsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1889) 1808 - Kinsley S. Bingham, 11th Governor of Michigan (d. 1864) 1826 - Giambattista Donati, Italian astronomer (d. 1873) 1834 - Léon Walras, French economist (d. 1910) 1858 - Agnes Baden-Powell, English Girl Scout leader (d. 1945) 1861 - Antonio de la Gandara, French painter (d. 1917) 1863 – George Santayana, Spanish philosopher (d. 1962) 1865 - Olavo Bilac, Brazilian poet (d. 1918) 1866 – Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born abstract painter (d. 1944) 1869 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1952) 1872 - Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Russian general (d. 1947) 1876 - Rodolphe Seeldrayers, Belgian FIFA President (d. 1955) 1882 - Walther Meissner, German physicist (d. 1974) 1882 – Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (d. 1967) 1883 - Karoly Kos, Hungarian-Romanian architect, ethnologist and politician (d. 1977) 1883 - Max Linder, French actor, director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1925) 1884 - Seibo Kitamura, Japanese sculptor (d. 1987) 1888 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (d. 1934) 1889 - Kim Chwa-chin, South Korean guerrilla leader (d. 1930) 1899 – Noël Coward, English playwright, actor and composer (d. 1973) 1900 - Horatio Fitch, American sprinter (d. 1985) 1901 1950 1901 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (d. 1978) 1902 - Rafael Alberti, Spanish poet (d. 1999) 1903 - Misao Tamai, Japanese footballer (d. 1978) 1905 – Piet Hein, Danish mathematician and inventor (d. 1996) 1913 - George Ignatieff, Russian-Canadian diplomat (d. 1989) 1915 - Turk Murphy, American trombonist and singer (d. 1987) 1916 - Birgitta Valberg, Swedish actress (d. 2014) 1917 – Arthur C. Clarke, British writer (d. 2008) 1918 – Pierre Delanoe, French songwriter and lyricist (d. 2006) 1923 - Ernst Florian Winter, Austrian-American historian, political scientist and author (d. 2014) 1925 – Geir Hallgrimsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1990) 1926 - A. N. R. Robinson, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2014) 1927 - Peter Dickinson, British writer (d. 2015) 1928 - Terry Carter, American actor, director and producer 1928 – Philip K. Dick, American writer (d. 1982) 1929 - Nicholas Courtney, English actor (d. 2012) 1932 - Rodion Shchedrin, Russian pianist and composer 1932 - Quentin Blake, English illustrator 1934 - Nobuyuki Aihara, Japanese gymnast (d. 2013) 1934 - Rodolfo Llinas, Colombian-American neuroscientist 1935 - Nikos Sampson, President of Cyprus (d. 2001) 1936 - Morris Dees, American lawyer and Civil Rights activist 1937 - Mitsuo Kamata, Japanese footballer 1938 – Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress 1939 – Philip Langridge, English tenor (d. 2010) 1939 – Barney McKenna, Irish musician (Dubliners) (d. 2012) 1941 - Lesley Stahl, American TV host 1942 – Donald Carcieri, American politician, former Governor of Rhode Island 1943 – Tony Hicks, English guitarist (The Hollies) 1943 - Steven Bochco, American television producer and writer (d. 2018) 1944 – N!xau, Namibian actor and bush farmer (d. 2003) 1945 - Bobby George, English darts player 1946 – Benny Andersson, Swedish musician, singer and songwriter (ABBA) 1946 - Christopher Ellison, English actor 1946 - Trevor Pinnock, English conductor 1947 - Vince Matthews, American athlete 1948 – Christopher Biggins, English actor 1948 – Pat Quinn, American politician, former Governor of Illinois 1949 - Billy Gibbons, American musician, songwriter and actor 1951 1975 1952 – Francesco Graziani, Italian footballer 1952 - Joel Garner, Barbadian cricketer 1953 - Rebecca Forstadt, American voice actress 1955 - Xander Berkeley, American actor 1955 - Carol Browner, American lawyer, environmentalist and businesswoman 1955 - Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este 1956 - Liliane Maury Pasquier, Swiss politician 1956 - Lizzy Mercier Descloux, French singer-songwriter, musician and actress (d. 2004) 1956 – Tommy Burns, Scottish footballer (d. 2008) 1957 - Antonio Vega, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009) 1958 - Cathy Inglese, American football coach (d. 2019) 1958 - Katie Leigh, American actress 1959 - Alison LaPlaca, American actress 1959 - H. D. Kumaraswamy, Indian politician, 18th Chief Minister of Karnataka 1959 - Alexander Lebedev, Russian businessman 1960 - Pat Van Den Hauwe, Belgian footballer and manager 1961 – Bill Hicks, American comedian (d. 1994) 1961 – Jon Tenney, American actor 1962 - Melanie Smith, American actress 1963 – Benjamin Bratt, American actor 1964 – Heike Drechsler, German athlete 1964 - Paul Vogt, American actor and comedian 1966 - Paul McGinley, Irish golfer 1966 – Dennis Wise, English footballer 1967 - Donovan Bailey, Canadian sprinter 1968 - Ross Burden, New Zealand chef (d. 2014) 1969 - Kevin McCowne, Scottish footballer 1969 - Adam Riess, American physicist and astronomer 1970 - Daniel Cosgrove, American actor 1971 - Scott Booth, Scottish footballer 1972 – Zeljko Kalac, Australian footballer 1972 - Paul Leyden, Australian actor, director, producer and screenwriter 1972 - Julia Klöckner, German politician 1973 – Mariza, Portuguese singer From 1976 1976 - Geoff Norcott, English comedian 1977 – Sylvain Distin, French footballer 1979 – Trevor Immelman, South African golfer 1979 - Daniel Narcisse, French handball player 1981 - Krysten Ritter, American actress 1981 - Anna Sedokova, Ukrainian-American singer and actress 1982 – Stanislav Sestak, Slovakian footballer 1982 – Justin Mentell, American actor (d. 2010) 1983 - Kelenna Azubuike, American basketball player 1983 – Danielle Lloyd, English model 1984 - Theo James, English actor 1986 - Candice Crawford, American model and journalist 1986 - Alcides Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player 1987 – Mamé Biram Diouf, Senegalese footballer 1988 – Mats Hummels, German footballer 1988 - Anna Popplewell, English actress 1988 - Park Seo-jeon, South Korean actor and model 1988 - Alexey Shved, Russian basketball player 1989 - Vera Nebolsina, Russian chess player 1989 - Lee Biran, Israeli singer, actor and composer 1992 - Lieke Martens, Dutch footballer 1992 - Tom Rogic, Australian footballer 1993 - Jyoti Amge, Indian actress and world's smallest living woman 1994 - Stephen Sutton, English activist, blogger and cancer charity fundraiser (d. 2014) 1996 - Wilfred Ndidi, Nigerian footballer 1997 - Zara Larsson, Swedish singer 1999 - Bryce Robinson, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 401 - Pope Anastasius I 705 – Empress Wu of Zhou (China; b. 625) 714 – Pippin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia 867 - Eberhard of Friuli, Frankish literary patron, diplomat and saint (b. 815) 999 – Saint Adelaide of Italy (b. 931) 1263 - King Haakon IV of Norway (b. 1204) 1325 – Charles of Valois, son of Philip III of France (b. 1270) 1379 – John Fitzalan, Marshal of England (drowned) 1470 – John II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1425) 1474 - Ali Qushji, astronomer, mathematician and physicist (b. 1403) 1515 – Afonso de Albuquerque Portuguese naval general (b. 1453) 1598 - Yi Sun-sin, Korean admiral (b. 1515) 1669 – Nathaniel Fiennes, English politician 1687 – William Petty, English scientist and philosopher (b. 1623) 1751 – Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (b. 1700) 1774 – François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694) 1783 – Johann A. Hasse, German composer (b. 1699) 1783 – Sir William James British naval commander (b. 1720) 1801 - Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden (b. 1755) 1809 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (b. 1755) 1859 – Wilhelm Grimm, German writer and folklorist (b. 1786) 1865 - Philip Allen, American politician, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1785) 1892 - Henry Yesler, 7th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1810) 1897 - Alphonse Daudet, French author (b. 1840) 1898 – Pavel Tretyakov, Russian businessman and art collector (b. 1832) 1901 2000 1914 – Ivan Zajc, Austro-Hungarian composer (b. 1832) 1916 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian monk (b. 1869) 1921 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (b. 1835) 1922 – Gabriel Narutowicz, first President of Poland (b. 1865) 1928 – Elinor Wylie, American poet and writer (b. 1885) 1935 - Thelma Todd, American actress (b. 1905) 1944 - Betsie ten Boom, Dutch Holocaust victim (b. 1885) 1945 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian automobile manufacturer (b. 1866) 1945 – Fumimaro Konoe, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1891) 1949 – Sidney Olcott, Canadian movie director (b. 1873) 1956 – Nina Hamnett, British artist (b. 1890) 1963 - Nam Phuong, Empress of Vietnam (b. 1914) 1965 – Salote Tupou III, Queen of Tonga (b. 1900) 1965 – W. Somerset Maugham, British writer (b. 1874) 1968 - Futabayama Sadaji, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1912) 1968 - Muhammad Suheimat, Jordanian general and politician (b. 1916) 1977 – Risto Jarva, Finnish movie maker (b. 1934) 1980 – Colonel Harland Sanders, American fast food entrepreneur (b. 1890) 1980 – Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (b. 1900) 1982 – Colin Chapman, British engineer and automobile manufacturer, founder of Lotus Cars (b. 1928) 1985 – Paul Castellano, American mafioso (b. 1915) 1985 – Thomas Bilotti, American mafioso (b. 1940) 1989 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (b. 1930) 1989 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (b. 1925) 1989 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (b. 1895) 1990 – Douglas Campbell, American pilot (b. 1896) 1993 – Moses Gunn, American actor (b. 1929) 1993 – Tanaka Kakuei, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1918) 1995 – Mariele Ventre, Italian choir director (b. 1939) 1996 – Quentin Bell, British art historian (b. 1910) From 2001 2001 - Stuart Adamson, British singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1958) 2001 – Stefan Heym, German writer (b. 1913) 2003 – Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1914) 2003 – Gary Stewart, American musician, singer and songwriter (suicide) (b. 1945) 2004 – Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (b. 1933) 2004 - Deyda Hadara, Gambian journalist (b. 1946) 2005 – Kenneth Bulmer, British writer (b. 1921) 2005 – John Spencer, American actor (b. 1946) 2007 – Dan Fogelberg, American musician (b. 1951) 2009 – Roy E. Disney, American businessman (b. 1930) 2009 – Yegor Gaidar, Soviet politician (b. 1956) 2009 - Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, South African physician and politician (b. 1940) 2011 – Bob Brookmeyer, American jazz musician (b. 1929) 2013 - Ray Price, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1926) 2014 - Man Haron Monis, Iranian-Australian self-styled Muslim cleric and hostage taker (b. 1964) 2014 - Tim Cochran, American mathematician (b. 1955) 2014 - Martin Brasier, English biologist (b. 1947) 2014 - Phillip Archuleta, American politician (b. 1949) 2014 - Sultan Singh, Indian politician, 5th Governor of Tripura (b. 1923) 2015 - Peter Dickinson, British writer (b. 1927) 2015 - Gabre Gabric, Croatian-Italian athlete (b. 1914) 2016 - Faina Melnyk, Ukrainian-Russian discus thrower (b. 1945) 2017 - Tu An, Chinese poet and translator (b. 1923) 2017 - Ralph Carney, American saxophonist (b. 1956) 2017 - Len Ceglarski, American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926) 2017 - Richard Dobson, American singer-songwriter (b. 1942) 2017 - E. Hunter Harrison, American railroad executive (b. 1944) 2017 - Sharon Laws, British racing cyclist (b. 1974) 2017 - Keely Smith, American singer (b. 1928) 2017 - Z'EV, American percussionist and poet (b. 1951) 2017 - Muriel Turner, Baroness Turner of Camden, British politician (b. 1927) 2018 - Eraldo Isidori, Italian politician (b. 1940) 2018 - T. K. Wetherell, American politician (b. 1945) 2019 - Dmitri Chesnokov, Russian footballer (b. 1973) 2019 - Hans Kornberg, German-born British-American biochemist; (b. 1928) 2019 - Bill Simpson, American racing driver; (b. 1940) Observances Independence Day (Kazakhstan) Day of Reconciliation (South Africa) Victory Day (India and Bangladesh) Days of the year

10104

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2017

December 17

Events Up to 1900 497 BC - The first Saturnalia festival is first celebrated in Ancient Rome. 546 - Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under King Totila plunder Rome, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. 942 – William I of Normandy is assassinated. 1538 – Pope Paul III excommunicates King Henry VIII of England. 1577 - Francis Drake sails from Plymouth on a secret mission to explore the Pacific Ocean coasts of the Americas. 1583 - Cologne War: Forces under Ernest of Bavaria defeat troops under Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg at the Siege of Godesberg. 1586 - Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan becomes Emperor. 1600 - Marriage of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. 1637 – In Japan, the Shimabara Rebellion led by Amakusa Shigeharu against daimyo Matsukura Shigeharu begins. 1718 – Great Britain declares war on Spain. 1777 - American Revolutionary War: France formally recognizes the United States as an independent country. 1790 – The Aztec calendar stone Piedra del Sol is discovered during building work in Mexico City. 1819 - Simon Bolivar declares the independence of Gran Colombia (present-day Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador) in Angostura, now Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. 1830 - Simon Bolivar dies at the age of 47. 1835 - Great Fire of New York City: Fire levels Lower Manhattan. 1837 - A fire rips through the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia, killing 30 guards. 1862 – Ulysses S. Grant issues General Order Number 11, expelling Jews from Tennessee, Mississippi and Kentucky. 1865 – First performance of Franz Schubert's 'Unfinished' Symphony. 1892 - The first issue of Vogue magazine is published. 1901 2000 1903 – The Wright Brothers make their first powered and heavier-than-air flight in the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1907 – Ugyen Wangchuck becomes the first King of Bhutan. 1909 - Albert I of Belgium becomes King. 1918 - Up to 1,000 demonstrators march on Government House in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. 1919 – Uruguay becomes a signatory of the Buenos Aires Convention. 1922 - The last British troops leave the Irish Free State. 1926 – Antanas Smetona becomes President of Lithuania. 1938 - Otto Hahn discovers the nuclear fission of the heavy element uranium, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear energy. 1939 - World War II: Battle of River Plate - The German Navy sinks its own ship Admiral Graf Spee outside Montevideo. 1941 – World War II: Japanese forces land in northern Borneo. 1960 - Haile Selassie is re-installed as Emperor of Ethiopia, after he had previously been removed by a coup, while he was in Brazil, on December 13. 1960 - 1960 Munich Convair 340 crash: 20 people on board the aircraft and 32 on the ground are killed. 1961 – The world's biggest circus tragedy occurs in Niteroi, Brazil when the circus is set on fire by angry workers, killing 323 people. 1967 – Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt goes missing on a diving trip off the state of Victoria. He is declared dead two days later. 1970 – The current flag of Oman comes into use. 1973 – 30 passengers are killed in an attack by Palestinian terrorists at Rome's Leonardo da Vinci Airport. 1981 – Senegal and Gambia form the Senegambia Confederation. 1983 – An IRA bomb at a Harrods Department store in London kills 6 people. 1989 – Fernando Collor de Mello is elected President of Brazil. 1989 – The first full length episode of The Simpsons aires. From 2001 2003 – The Soham murder trial ends with Ian Huntley being found guilty of the murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman near Soham, Cambridgeshire, in 2002. 2004 – Out of health and cultural reasons, Bhutan bans the sale of tobacco. 2005 – King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan decides to abdicate the throne. 2010 – Arab Spring: Tunisian fruit seller Mohamed Bouazizi sets himself on fire in an act of protest. He dies as a result of this on January 4, 2011. Shortly after, Tunisia's President, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali is overthrown, and this starts a series of uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. 2010 – Murder of Joanna Yeates: Vincent Tabak murders Joanna Yeates at her home in Clifton, Bristol. More than 10 months later, he is sentenced to life imprisonment. 2011 – A typhoon hits the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines, killing at least 400 people. 2011 - North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il dies. His son, Kim Jong-un, takes over from him. 2014 - US President Barack Obama declares a normalization in US-Cuba relations for the first time in over 50 years, after the release of American Alan Gross, who was held in Cuba since December 2009. 2017 - Sebastian Pinera is elected President of Chile for a second time. 2019 - Fallon Sherrock becomes the first woman to win a match in a World Darts Championship. Births Up to 1900 1267 – Emperor Go-Uda, emperor of Japan (d. 1324) 1554 - Ernest of Bavaria (d. 1612) 1619 – Prince Rupert, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. 1682) 1632 – Anthony Wood, English antiqurian (d. 1695) 1638 - Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1683) 1685 – Thomas Tickell, English writer (d. 1740) 1706 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1749) 1734 – Maria I of Portugal (d. 1816) 1749 – Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (d. 1801) 1758 – Nathaniel Macon, American politician (d. 1837) 1778 – Humphrey Davy, English chemist (d. 1829) 1789 - Clement Comer Clay, 8th Governor of Alabama (d. 1866) 1796 – Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canadian novelist (d. 1865) 1797 - Joseph Henry, American physicist (d. 1878) 1799 – Titian Peale, American artist (d. 1885) 1807 – John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet and abolitionist (d. 1892) 1824 - John Kerr, Scottish physicist (d. 1907) 1830 – Jules de Goncourt, French publisher (d. 1870) 1835 - Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, Swiss-American scientist (d. 1910) 1842 – Sophus Lie, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1899) 1853 – Herbert Beerbohm Tree, English actor (d. 1917) 1866 - Kazys Grinius, 3rd President of Lithuania (d. 1950) 1866 - Mario García Menocal, 3rd President of Cuba (d. 1941) 1872 – Mistinguett, French actress and singer (d. 1956) 1873 – Ford Madox Ford, English writer (d. 1939) 1874 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, tenth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1950) 1884 - Alison Uttley, English writer (d. 1976) 1887 - Hermine Reuss of Greiz, wife of Wilhelm II of Germany (d. 1947) 1889 - Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish-Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1950) 1892 – Sam Barry, American basketball coach (d. 1950) 1893 – Erwin Piscator, German movie director (d. 1966) 1894 - Willem Schermerhorn, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977) 1894 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (d. 1979) 1898 - Loren Murchison, American athlete (d. 1979) 1900 - Mary Cartwright, English mathematician (d. 1998) 1901 1950 1901 – Lee Strasberg, Austrian-born actor and director (d. 1982) 1903 – Erskine Caldwell, American writer (d. 1987) 1903 – Ray Noble, English musician {d. 1978} 1905 – Simo Häyhä, Finnish soldier (d. 2002) 1905 - Mohammad Hidayatullah, 11th Chief Justice of India (d. 1992) 1905 - Jan Valtin, German writer (d. 1951) 1908 – Willard Frank Libby, American physicist and chemist (d. 1980) 1913 - Burt Baskin, American businessman (d. 1967) 1915 – André Claveau, French singer (d. 2003) 1915 - Robert A. Dahl, American political theorist (d. 2014) 1916 – Penelope Fitzgerald, English writer (d. 2000) 1919 - Tomas Spidlik, Czech cardinal (d. 2010) 1920 - Kenneth E. Iverson, Canadian computer scientist (d. 2004) 1922 - Mario Rigamonti, Italian footballer (d. 1949) 1926 - Stephen Lewis, English actor (d. 2015) 1926 - Patrice Wymore, American actress (d. 2014) 1928 - Marilyn Beck, American columnist (d. 2014) 1928 - George Lindsey, American actor (d. 2012) 1929 – William Safire, American columnist (d. 2009) 1929 – Jacqueline Hill, British actress (d. 1993) 1930 – Bob Guccione, American magazine publisher (d. 2010) 1930 – Armin Mueller-Stahl, German actor 1931 - Dave Madden, Canadian-American actor (d. 2014) 1934 - Ray Wilson, English footballer (d. 2018) 1935 - Cal Ripken, Sr., American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1999) 1936 - Pope Francis (born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Buenos Aires) 1936 – Tommy Steele, English singer and actor 1936 - Klaus Kinkel, German politician (d. 2019) 1937 - John Kennedy Toole, American author (d. 1969) 1937 - Art Neville, American singer and keyboardist (d. 2019) 1937 - Kerry Packer, Australian businessman (d. 2005) 1938 - Gilles Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014) 1938 – Peter Snell, New Zealand athlete (d. 2019) 1939 – Eddie Kendricks, American musician (d. 1992) 1941 – Gene Clark, American musician (d. 1991) 1941 - Dave Dee, English singer (d. 2009) 1942 – Paul Butterfield, American musician (d. 1987) 1942 - Muhammadu Buhari, Nigerian leader 1943 - Christopher Cazenove, English actor (d. 2010) 1943 – Ron Geesin, Scottish musician 1943 – Lauren Hutton, American model and actress 1944 – Jack L. Chalker, American novelist 1944 – Lorne Michaels, Canadian television producer 1944 – Bernard Hill, English actor 1945 – Jacqueline Wilson, English writer 1945 – Elvin Hayes, American basketball player 1945 – Ernie Hudson, American actor 1946 – Eugene Levy, Canadian actor 1947 – Wes Studi, American actor 1947 - Robert Dornhelm, Romanian-Austrian film and television director 1948 - Valery Belousov, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2015) 1949 – Paul Rodgers, British singer (Free) 1951 1975 1951 – Ken Hitchcock, Canadian ice hockey coach 1953 – Bill Pullman, American actor 1953 - Sally Menke, American movie producer (d. 2010) 1955 – Brad Davis, American basketball player 1956 - Peter John Farrelly, American screenwriter and director 1958 - Mike Mills, American musician in band R.E.M. 1959 - Gregg Araki, American filmmaker 1959 - Albert King, American basketball player 1960 - Moreno Argentin, Italian cyclist 1961 - Sara Dallin, English singer (Bananarama) 1962 - Ari Folman, Israeli film director, screenwriter and film score composer 1963 – Jón Kalman Stefánsson, Icelandic writer 1966 – Kristiina Ojuland, Estonian politician 1966 – Valery Liukin, Soviet gymnast 1967 – Gigi D'Agostino, Italian musician and DJ 1968 – Paul Tracy, Canadian race car driver 1969 - Chris Mason, English darts player 1970 - Sean Patrick Thomas, American actor 1971 – Antoine Rigaudeau, French basketball player 1973 – Paula Radcliffe, English runner 1973 - Codrin Tapu, Romanian psychologist 1974 - Sarah Paulson, American actress 1974 - Giovanni Ribisi, American actor 1974 - Marissa Ribisi, American actress and screenwriter 1975 – Nick Dinsmore, American professional wrestler 1975 – Milla Jovovich, Ukrainian-born actress and model From 1976 1976 – Patrick Müller, Swiss footballer 1976 – Takeo Spikes, American football player 1976 - Andrew Simpson, English sailor (d. 2013) 1977 – Liédson, Portuguese footballer 1977 - Arnaud Clément, French tennis player 1977 - Oxana Fedorova, Russian model, actress and singer 1978 – Manny Pacquiao, Filipino boxer and politician 1978 - Riteish Deshmukh, Indian actor 1979 - Charlotte Edwards, English cricketer 1979 – William Green, American football player 1980 - Eli Pariser, American internet activist and computer programmer 1981 – Tim Wiese, German footballer 1982 - Dynamo, English magician 1982 – Boubacar Sanogo, Ivory Coast footballer 1982 - Craig Kielburger, Canadian author and activist 1983 - Sébastien Ogier, French rally driver 1983 - Chidi Odiah, Nigerian footballer 1984 - Shannon Woodward, American actress 1985 - Ryuichi Ogata, Japanese singer and actor 1986 - Emma Bell, American actress 1987 – Chelsea Manning, American soldier, leaked information on WikiLeaks 1988 - David Rudisha, Kenyan athlete 1989 – André Ayew, Ghanaian footballer 1989 - Taylor York, American musician (Paramore) 1991 - Tom Walker, Scottish singer 1993 - Patricia Ku Flores, Peruvian tennis player 1993 - Buddy Hield, Bahamian basketball player 1994 - Nat Wolff, American actor, singer and musician 1998 - Martin Odegaard, Norwegian footballer 2007 – James, Viscount Severn, British royal and youngest grandchild of Elizabeth II Deaths Up to 1900 942 – William I of Normandy 1187 – Pope Gregory VIII 1195 – Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut (b. 1150) 1273 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian poet and mystic (b. 1207) 1663 – Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (b. 1583) 1721 – Richard Lumley, 1st Earl of Scarbrough, English statesman (b. 1640) 1830 – Simón Bolívar, Latin American politician and activist (b. 1783) 1833 - Kaspar Hauser, German foundling (b. 1812) 1847 - Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (b. 1791) 1857 - Hiram Runnels, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1796) 1860 - Desirée Clary, French-born Queen Consort of Sweden (b. 1777) 1881 - Isaac Israel Hayes, American physician and polar explorer (b. 1832) 1881 - Lewis H. Morgan, American anthropologist (b. 1818) 1897 – Alphonse Daudet, French writer (b. 1840) 1901 2000 1901 - Josep Manyanet i Vives, Catalan priest (b. 1833) 1907 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-born physicist (b. 1824) 1909 – King Léopold II of Belgium (b. 1835) 1917 – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, English physician (b. 1836) 1927 - Rajendra Lahiri, Indian activist (b. 1892) 1929 - Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, 10th President of Portugal (b. 1863) 1933 – Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (b. 1876) 1934 - William L. Harding, 20th Governor of Iowa (b. 1877) 1935 - Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (b. 1857) 1940 - Alicia Boole Stott, Irish-English mathematician (b. 1860) 1957 – Dorothy L. Sayers, English writer (b. 1893) 1962 - Thomas Mitchell, American actor (b. 1892) 1964 – Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883) 1967 – Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908) 1969 - Artur da Costa e Silva, President of Brazil (b. 1899) 1973 - Charles Greeley Abbott, American astrophysicist (b. 1872) 1973 - Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Italian cardinal (b. 1883) 1978 - Josef Frings, German cardinal (b. 1887) 1982 - Homer S. Ferguson, American politician (b. 1889) 1987 – Irving Allen, American producer (b. 1916) 1987 – Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgian novelist (b. 1903) 1992 – Dana Andrews, American actor (b. 1909) 1998 – Claudia Benton, Peruvian child psychologist (b. 1959) 1999 – Grover Washington Jr., American musician (b. 1943) From 2001 2003 – Ed Devereaux, Australian actor (b. 1925) 2003 – Otto Graham, American football player (b. 1921) 2009 – Jennifer Jones, American actress (b. 1919) 2010 – Captain Beefheart, American musician (b. 1941) 2011 – Cesaria Evora, Cape Verdean singer (b. 1941) 2011 – Kim Jong-il, North Korean leader (b. 1941) 2012 - Dina Manfredini, Italian-born American supercentenarian (b. 1897) 2012 - Daniel Inouye, United States Senator from Hawaii (b. 1924) 2013 - Janet Rowley, American cancer researcher (b. 1925) 2014 - Dieter Grau, German-American rocket scientist (b. 1913) 2014 - Richard C. Hottelet, American broadcast journalist (b. 1917) 2014 - Oleh Lysheha, Ukrainian poet (b. 1949) 2015 - Buckshot Hoffner, American politician (b. 1924) 2016 - Henry Heimlich, American physician (b. 1920) 2016 - Benjamin A. Gilman, American politician (b. 1922) 2017 - Johnny Fox, American sword swallower (b. 1953) 2017 - Bob Glidden, American drag racer (b. 1944) 2017 - Kevin Mahogany, American jazz singer (b. 1958) 2017 - Edward Rowny, American army officer (b. 1917) 2017 - Terry Cavanagh, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926) 2018 - Jon Bluming, Dutch martial artist and actor (b. 1933) 2018 - Penny Marshall, American actress (b. 1943) 2018 - Amélie Mummendey, German social psychologist (b. 1944) 2018 - Rona Ramon, Israeli educator and activist (b. 1964) 2018 - Francis Roache, American police officer and politician (b. 1936) 2019 - Karin Balzer, German hurdler (b. 1938) 2019 - Hayden Fry, American football player (b. 1929) 2019 - Bronco Horvath, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1930) 2019 - Shriram Lagoo, Indian actor (b. 1927) Observances National Day of Bhutan Days of the year

10105

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2029

December 29

Events Up to 1900 1170 – Thomas Becket, is slain in his own cathedral on orders from Henry II of England. 1778 - American Revolutionary War: 3,000 British soldiers under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell capture Savannah, Georgia, US. 1786 - French Revolution: The Assembly of the Notables is convened. 1813 – War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York. 1837 – The Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia, is destroyed by fire. 1845 – Texas is admitted as the 28th U.S. state. 1851 – The first American-based YMCA opens, in Boston, Massachusetts 1860 – The first British seagoing iron-clad warship, the HMS Warrior is launched. 1874 - Alfonso XII of Spain is declared as King. 1876 – The Ashtabula River Railroad bridge disaster, 64 injured, 92 dead at Ashtabula, Ohio. 1890 – Wounded Knee Massacre: The United States soldiers massacre over 400 men, women and children of the Great Sioux Nation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. 1891 – Thomas Edison patents the radio. 1893 - French astronomer Stéphane Javelle discovers the pair of galaxies named IC 298. 1901 2000 1911 – Sun Yat-sen becomes the first President of the Republic of China. 1911 – Mongolia becomes independent. 1913 – The first movie serial, The Unwelcome Throne is released by Seligs Polyscope Company. 1921 – William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes Prime Minister of Canada for the first time. 1930 - Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address in Allahabad introduces the two-nation theory and outlines a vision for what would become Pakistan. 1934 – The first college basketball game at Madison Square Garden in New York City is played, between the University of Notre Dame and New York University. 1934 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930. 1937 – The Irish Free State is replaced by a new state called Ireland when a new constitution is adopted. 1940 – Battle of Britain: Luftwaffe firebombs London, killing almost 3000 civilians . 1949 – KC2XAK of Bridgeport, Connecticut becomes the first Ultra high frequency (UHF) television station to operate a daily schedule. 1959 - The Lisbon Metro begins operating. 1972 – An Eastern Airlines Lockheed Tristar crashed on approach to Miami International Airport, Florida, killing 101 1975 – A bomb explodes at New York City's LaGuardia Airport killing 11. 1978 – The first post-Franco constitution in Spain becomes effective. 1981 - Singapore Changi Airport opens. 1987 – Yuri Romanenko of USSR remained in outer space for 326 days and came back to Earth on this day that year. 1989 – Václav Havel becomes President of Czechoslovakia 1989 – Riots break-out after Hong Kong decides to forcibly repatriate Vietnamese refugees. 1989 – On the final day of trading for the year and decade, the Japanese Nikkei 225 Average closes at an all-time high of 38,915.87. 1992 – Fernando Collor de Mello, President of Brazil, resigns. 1993 – Construction of the Tian Tan Buddha, the world's tallest outdoor bronze statue of the seated Buddha, is completed. 1993 – Garry Kasparov wins the world champion chess title from Anatoly Karpov. 1996 – Guatemala and leaders of Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union sign a peace accord that ends a 36-year civil war. 1997 – Hong Kong begins to kill all the nation's chickens (1.25 million) to stop the spread of a potentially deadly influenza strain. 1998 – Leaders of the Khmer Rouge apologize for the genocide in Cambodia that claimed over 1 million lives in the 1970s. From 2001 2001 – A fire at the Mesa Redonda Shopping Centre in Lima, Peru, kills 292 people. 2003 – The last speaker of the Akkala Sami language dies, making the language extinct. 2007 - The New England Patriots defeated the New York Giants 38-35 and became the first team with 16 wins and no losses. 2009 – Akmal Shaikh becomes the first citizen of a present-day European Union country to be executed in the People's Republic of China for over 50 years. 2011 – This date is followed by December 31 in Samoa and Tokelau, as the International Date Line is shifted. 2012 - 2012 Delhi gang rape case: A 23-year-old student attacked on a bus on December 16 dies of her injuries. 2013 - A suicide bomb attack on a train station in Volgograd, southern Russia, kills at least 16 people. 2013 - Formula One champion Michael Schumacher is severely injured in a skiing accident in the French Alps. 2014 - Politicians in Greece are unable to elect a President, with main candidate Stavros Dimas failing to get enough votes. New elections are called for January 2015. 2016 - The Duge Bridge in Luipanshui, People's Republic of China, the tallest bridge in the world, is opened to traffic. 2016 - Barack Obama's administration expels 35 Russian diplomats in response to alleged Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. 2017 - A fire at a hotel and restaurant complex in Mumbai kills 14 people. Births Up to 1900 1019 - Munjong of Goryeo, Korean monarch (d. 1083) 1709 – Empress Elizabeth of Russia (d. 1762) 1721 – Madame de Pompadour, mistress to King Louis XV of France (d. 1764) 1766 - Charles Macintosh, Scottish inventor (d. 1843) 1778 – Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841) 1788 - Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, Danish historian (d. 1865) 1788 - Tomas de Zumalacarregui, Spanish general (d. 1835) 1796 – Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist (d. 1877) 1800 – Charles Goodyear, American inventor of the vulcanization of rubber (d. 1860) 1808 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (d. 1875) 1809 – William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1897) 1809 - Albert Pike, American attorney, soldier and writer (d. 1891) 1813 - Alexander Parkes, English metallurgist and inventor (d. 1890) 1813 - Karel Sabina, Czech journalist, politician and writer (d. 1877) 1816 - Carl Ludwig, German physician (d. 1895) 1838 - Walter Runeberg, Finnish sculptor (d. 1920) 1840 – Anton Dohrn, zoologist (d. 1909) 1843 - Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania and novelist (d. 1916) 1844 - Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee, Indian barrister and first President of the Indian National Congress (d. 1906) 1856 - Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, Dutch-French mathematician and academic (d. 1894) 1859 – Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (d. 1920) 1871 - William Thomas Calman, Scottish zoologist (d. 1952) 1871 - Giuseppe Motta, Swiss politician (d. 1940) 1876 – Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (d. 1973) 1879 – Billy Mitchell, United States Army officer, United States Air Force pioneer (d. 1936) 1881 – Jess Willard, boxing champion (d. 1968) 1888 - Josef Beran, Czech cardinal (d. 1969) 1890 – Käthe Dorsch, German actress (d. 1957) 1899 - Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist leader (d. 1992) 1901 1950 1904 - Kuvempu, Indian Kannada writer (d. 1994) 1908 – Helmut Gollwitzer, German theologian (d. 1993) 1910 – Ronald Coase, British economist (d. 2013) 1910 – Gunnar Thoroddsen, Icelandic politician, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1983) 1911 – Klaus Fuchs, German-British theoretical physicist and atomic spy (d. 1988) 1913 – Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 2002) 1914 – Billy Tipton, American jazz musician (d. 1989) 1914 – Albert Tucker, Australian artist (d 1999) 1917 – Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles, California (d. 1998) 1919 - Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist and author (d. 2014) 1919 - Roman Vlad, Romanian-Italian composer (d. 2013) 1920 – Ratu Iosefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (d. 2011) 1920 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (d. 1995) 1921 - Dobrica Cosic, 1st President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (d. 2014) 1921 - Robert C. Baker, American chef, inventor of the Chicken nugget (d. 2006) 1923 - Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegalese historian, anthropologist and physicist (d. 1986) 1923 - Dina Merrill, American actress (d. 2017) 1925 - Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (d. 2016) 1926 - John Spellman, American politician, Governor of Washington (d. 2018) 1927 – Andy Stanfield, American athlete (d. 1985) 1928 - Bernard Cribbins, English actor 1931 – Prince Gu of Korea (d. 2005) 1932 - Inga Swenson, American actress 1934 – Ed Flanders, American actor (d. 1995) 1936 – Mary Tyler Moore, American actress (The Dick Van Dyke Show, Mary Tyler Moore) (d. 2017) 1936 – Ray Nitschke, American football player (d. 1998) 1937 – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, former President of the Maldives 1937 – Dieter Thomas Heck, German singer and entertainer 1937 – Barbara Steele, British actress 1938 - Michael Hill, New Zealand businessman 1938 – Jon Voight, American actor 1941 - Daphne Arden, English athlete 1941 - Ray Thomas, English singer-songwriter (d. 2018) 1942 - Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (d. 2012) 1942 – Rick Danko, Canadian musician ("The Band") (d. 1999) 1942 - Oscar Andres Rodriguez Maradiaga, Honduran cardinal 1943 - Atsutoshi Nishida, Japanese business executive (d. 2017) 1946 – Marianne Faithfull, British singer 1947 – Ted Danson, American actor 1947 - Cozy Powell, English musician (d. 1998) 1948 – Peter Robinson, Northern Irish politician, former First Minister of Northern Ireland 1949 - Grant McBride, Australian politician (d. 2018) 1950 - Jon Polito, American actor (d. 2016) 1951 1975 1951 – Mike deGruy, American documentary movie maker (d. 2012) 1951 - Yvonne Elliman, American singer, songwriter and actress 1952 – Gelsey Kirkland, American dancer 1953 - Gali Atari, Israeli singer and actress 1953 - Thomas Bach, German fencer and IOC President 1953 - Matthias Platzeck, German politician 1953 - Alan Rusbridger, British newspaper editor 1954 – Roger Voudouris, American singer-songwriter 1954 – Prince Takamado of Japan (d. 2002) 1954 – Albrecht Böttcher, German mathematician 1956 - Fred MacAulay, Scottish comedian and radio presenter 1957 - Iain Paxton, Scottish rugby player and coach 1957 – Bruce Beutler, American Nobel Prize-winning immunologist 1957 - Oliver Hirschbiegel, German movie director 1958 - Nancy J. Currie, American colonel, engineer and astronaut 1959 – Patricia Clarkson, American actress 1959 - Keith Crossan, Irish rugby player 1959 - Paula Poundstone, American comedienne, actress and author 1960 - Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Congolese militia leader 1961 - Jim Reid, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1962 – Wynton Rufer, New Zealand footballer 1962 - Carles Puigdemont, Catalan politician 1963 - Dave McKean, English artist, graphic designer, filmmaker and musician 1965 – Dexter Holland, American singer and musician 1966 - Stefano Eranio, Italian footballer and manager 1966 - Chris Barnes, American singer 1967 - Evan Seinfeld, American actor and musician 1967 – Andy Wachowski, American director (The Matrix) 1969 - Jennifer Ehle, American actress 1969 – Allan McNish, Scottish racing driver 1970 – Aled Jones, Welsh singer 1970 – Kevin Weisman, American actor 1970 – Enrico Chiesa, Italian footballer 1971 - Dominic Dale, Welsh snooker player 1972 – Jason Kreis, American soccer player 1972 – Jude Law, British actor 1973 - Pimp C, American rapper (d. 2007) 1974 – Richie Sexson, American Major League Baseball All-Star 1974 - Mekhi Phifer, American actor and producer From 1976 1976 - Danny McBride, American actor, screenwriter and producer 1977 - Katherine Moennig, American actress 1978 – Kieron Dyer, English footballer 1978 - Danny Higginbotham, English footballer 1979 - Diego Luna, Mexican actor 1981 – Shizuka Arakawa, Japanese figure skater 1982 - Alison Brie, American actress 1983 – Dereck Chisora, British boxer 1983 - Angela Scanlon, Irish television presenter 1983 – Gonzalo Olave, Chilean actor (d. 2009) 1985 – Alexa Ray Joel, American musician 1987 - Iain De Caestecker, Scottish actor 1989 - Jane Levy, American actress 1989 - Kei Nishikori, Japanese tennis player 1990 - Allen Kim, South Korean singer, dancer and actor (U-KISS) 1994 – Princess Kako of Akishino of Japan 1995 - Rina Ikoma, Japanese singer 1995 - Ross Lynch, American actor and singer 1996 - Dylan Minnette, American actor Deaths Up to 1900 721 – Empress Gemmei of Japan (b. 661) 1170 – Thomas Becket, English bishop (assassinated) (b. 1118) 1565 - Queen Munjeong of Korea (b. 1501) 1605 - John Davis, English explorer (b. 1550) 1634 - John Albert Vasa, Polish cardinal (b. 1612) 1661 - Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant, French poet (b. 1594) 1689 - Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624) 1731 - Brook Taylor, English mathematician (b. 1624) 1743 - Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (b. 1659) 1785 – Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian poet (b. 1742) 1825 – Jacques-Louis David, French painter (b. 1748) 1886 - A. C. Gibbs, American politician, Governor of Oregon (b. 1825) 1891 – Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician (b. 1823) 1894 – Christina Rossetti, English poet (b. 1830) 1897 - William James Linton, English-American painter, author and activist (b. 1812) 1901 2000 1910 - Reginald Doherty, English tennis player (b. 1872) 1916 – Grigori Rasputin, Russian monk (b. 1869) 1924 – Carl Spitteler, Swiss writer (b. 1845) 1925 - Félix Vallotton, Swiss-French artist (b. 1865) 1926 – Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian writer (b. 1875) 1929 - Wilhelm Maybach, German automobile designer (b. 1846) 1934 - Alma Tell, American actress (b. 1898) 1937 – Don Marquis, writer (b. 1878) 1941 - Tullio Levi-Civita, Italian mathematician (b. 1873) 1952 - Fletcher Henderson, American pianist, composer and bandleader (b. 1897) 1960 – Eden Phillpotts, British writer (b. 1862) 1967 – Paul Whiteman, American musician and conductor (b. 1890) 1972 - Joseph Cornell, American sculptor, painter and filmmaker (b. 1903) 1976 – Ivo van Damme, Belgian athlete (b. 1954) 1980 – Nadezhda Mandelstam, Russian writer (b. 1899) 1980 – Tim Hardin, musician (b. 1941) 1986 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Russian director (b. 1932) 1986 – Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1894) 1995 - Lita Grey, American actress (b. 1908) 1996 - Mireille Hartuch, French singer and actress (b. 1906) From 2001 2003 – Earl Hindman, American actor (b. 1942) 2003 – Bob Monkhouse, British comedian (b. 1928) 2004 – Julius Axelrod, American biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recipient (b. 1912) 2004 – Liddy Holloway, New Zealand actress (b. 1945) 2005 - Gerda Boyesen, Norwegian-English psychotherapist and author (b. 1922) 2007 – Phil O'Donnell, Scottish footballer (b. 1972) 2008 – Freddie Hubbard, American musician (b. 1938) 2009 – Akmal Shaikh, British citizen executed for drug trafficking in China (b. 1956) 2010 – Avi Cohen, Israeli footballer (b. 1956) 2011 – Leopold Hawelka, Austrian cafetier (b. 1911) 2012 - Paulo Rocha, Portuguese director and screenwriter (b. 1935) 2012 - Mike Auldridge, American singer and guitarist (b. 1938) 2012 - Tony Greig, South African-born cricketer (b. 1946) 2013 - Wojciech Kilar, Polish composer (b. 1932) 2013 - Mary Wibberley, English novelist (b. 1934) 2014 - Odd Iversen, Norwegian footballer (b. 1945) 2015 - Pavel Srnicek, Czech footballer (b. 1968) 2015 - Elzbieta Krzesinska, Polish athlete (b. 1934) 2015 - Om Prakash Malhotra, Indian politician, 25th Governor of the Punjab (b. 1922) 2015 - Frank Malzone, American baseball player (b. 1930) 2015 - Kim Yang-gon, North Korean politician (b. 1942) 2016 - Ferdinand Kübler, Swiss cyclist (b. 1919) 2016 - Néstor Gonçalves, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1936) 2017 - Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, Spanish noble (b. 1926) 2017 - John C. Portman Jr., American architect (b. 1924) Observances Independence Day (Mongolia) Constitution Day (Republic of Ireland) Start of the Four Hills Ski jumping tournament (Germany and Austria) Days of the year

10106

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2021

December 21

Events Up to 1900 69 – Vespasian becomes the fourth Roman Emperor in the Year of the four emperors. 640 - Muslim Arabs capture the Babylonian fortress in the Nile Delta after a seven-month siege. 1124 - Pope Honorius II is elected. 1361 - The Battle of Linuesa is fought during the Spanish Reconquista between forces of the Emirate of Granada and the combined army of the Kingdoms of Castile and Jaen, resulting in a Castilian victory. 1471 – The first European reaches the island of Sao Tome in the Gulf of Guinea. 1598 - Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by Cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on the Spanish troops in Southern Chile. 1620 – The Pilgrims land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock 1780 – Great Britain declares war on The Netherlands in response to the Dutch joining the League of Armed Neutrality and for assisting French and American forces during the American Revolution. 1832 - Egyptian-Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman Empire troops in the Battle of Konya in present-day Turkey. 1859 – Sam Houston becomes Governor of Texas. 1861 – The Medal of Honor is first authorized. 1861 – Lord Lyons, the British minister to the United States, meets with United States Secretary of State William Seward concerning Confederate envoys arrested by the United States Navy in order to prevent war between the United States and the United Kingdom. 1872 – HMS Challenger sails from Portsmouth on the 4 year scientific expedition that would lay the foundation for the science of oceanography. 1879 - The first performance of Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House takes place in Copenhagen. 1880 – Isle of Man becomes first political entity that allows women to vote 1891 – The first basketball game is played. 1898 – Marie and Pierre Curie discover radium. 1901 2000 1907 - The Chilean army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 workers striking saltpeter miners in Iquique. 1910 - An underground explosion at Hulton Bank Colliery in Westhoughton, England, kills 344 miners. 1913 – First crossword puzzle is published in the New York World paper, created by Arthur Wynne. 1914 – First feature-length silent movie comedy, Tillie's Punctured Romance, starring Marie Dressler, Mabel Normand and Charles Chaplin, is released 1919 – Municipal elections held in Senegal (First round, second round is held December 28). The multiracial lists of the Independent Socialist Republican Party (PRSI) wins in all four municipalities. 1923 – Nepal changes from British protectorate to independent state. 1933 – Newfoundland becomes a crown colony. 1934 - President of Bolivia Daniel Salamanca is overthrown in a military coup. 1937 – First screening of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first feature-length animated movie. 1941 - A treaty of alliance is signed by Japan and Thailand. 1942 - Hundreds of workers striking for better pay and conditions at a tin mine in Bolivia are massacred. 1946 - The Nankaido earthquake in Japan kills over 1,300 people. 1958 – Charles de Gaulle is elected as the first President and establishes the Fifth Republic. 1962 – Rondane National Park, the first national park in Norway, is established. 1965 - The UN adopts the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. 1967 - Louis Washkansky, who received the first successful heart transplant in Cape Town on December 3, dies 18 days after the operation. 1968 – Apollo 8 is launched. 1969 - The UN adopts the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. 1978 - John Wayne Gacy is arrested for the killings of 33 boys and young men. 1979 – The United States government bails out the Chrysler Corporation 1979 – The Lancaster House Agreement was signed, effectively ending the white rule in Rhodesia under Ian Smith. 1984 - The Soviet Vega 2 probe is launched to the planet Venus. 1987 – The passenger ferry Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker Vector 1 in the Philippines. 1988 – A terrorist bomb explodes and crashes Pan Am flight 103 a Boeing 747, over Lockerbie, Scotland killing 270, including 11 on the ground. 1991 - The former Soviet Union countries Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan join the Commonwealth of Independent States. 1994 – The Popocatepetl volcano in Mexico erupts. 1995 – Bethlehem goes from Israeli to Palestinian control. 1999 – Chadrika Kumaratunga is confirmed as Sri Lanka's Head of State. 1999 – The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives intended by ETA to blow down Torre Picasso. From 2001 2001 – Japanese television performer Masashi Tashiro got No. 1 temporarily in the Internet vote of Time's Person of the Year. 2002 – Vancouver, British Columbia city council declares "D.O.A. Day" in observance of the Canadian punk band D.O.A.'s decades of influence and accomplishments. 2005 - The United Kingdom introduces Civil Partnership for same-sex couples. Elton John and his partner David Furnish are among those who make use of this law on its first day. 2006 – Turkmenistan's President Saparmurat Niyazov dies. 2007 – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary implement the Schengen Agreement. 2010 – A partial lunar eclipse occurs on the day of the December solstice. 2012 – The Long Count of the Maya calendar resets itself according to the most popular correlation. A minority argues that it does so on December 23, 2012. This has been central to various predictions about December 21, 2012, ranging from spiritual and transformative to apocalyptic. 2012 - Having been posted on YouTube in July, and becoming a worldwide hit, the video of PSY's Gangnam Style reaches the milestone of a billion views on the video-sharing website. 2014 - Klaus Iohannis becomes President of Romania. 2014 - Beji Caid Essebsi is elected President of Tunisia. 2015 - Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini are banned from football for 8 years over corruption at FIFA. 2017 - Catalonia holds regional elections, with the coalition of parties supporting Catalan independence keeping its majority. 2017 - Birmingham, England, is given the right to host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Births Up to 1900 1118 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1170) 1401 - Tommaso Masaccio, Italian painter (d. 1428) 1596 - Peter Mogila, Moldovan religious figure (d. 1646) 1603 - Roger Williams, English theologian (d. 1684) 1639 - Jean Racine, French writer (d. 1699) 1728 - Hermann Raupach, German composer (d. 1778) 1773 - Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (d. 1858) 1778 - Anders Sandoe Orsted, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1860) 1795 - Jack Russell, English dog breeder (d. 1883) 1795 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian (d. 1886) 1804 – Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1881) 1805 – Thomas Graham, Scottish chemist (d. 1869) 1811 – Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1882) 1815 - Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (d. 1879) 1818 – Amalia of Oldenburg, Queen of Greece (d. 1875) 1823 - Jean-Henri Fabre, French entomologist, writer and poet (d. 1915) 1832 - John H. Ketcham, American general and politician (d. 1906) 1840 – Namik Kemal, Turkish nationalist poet (d. 1888) 1843 - Thomas Bracken, Irish-New Zealand poet (d. 1898) 1847 - John Chard, British military officer (d. 1897) 1850 – Zdenek Fibich, Bohemian composer (d. 1900) 1851 - Thomas Chipman McRae, 26th Governor of Arkansas (d. 1929) 1857 - Joseph Carruthers, Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1932) 1859 - Gustave Kahn, French poet (d. 1936) 1872 – Don Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer (d. 1956) 1872 - Sidney Ainsworth, British actor (d. 1922) 1874 - Juan Bautista Sacasa, President of Nicaragua (d. 1946) 1874 - Josep Maria Sert, Catalan painter (d. 1945) 1876 - Jack Lang, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (d. 1975) 1877 - Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954) 1878 - Jan Łukasiewicz, Polish philosopher and mathematician (d. 1956) 1879 – Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader (d. 1953) 1885 - Frank Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1960) 1888 - Jean Boulin, French long-distance runner (d. 1914) 1890 – H. J. Muller, American geneticist (d. 1967) 1891 - John William McCormack, American politician (d. 1980) 1892 – Walter Hagen, American golfer (d. 1969) 1892 – Rebecca West, British writer (d. 1983) 1896 – Leroy Robertson, American composer (d. 1971) 1901 1950 1902 – Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, German Resistance activist (d. 1944) 1905 – Anthony Powell, British writer (d. 2000) 1909 – Seicho Matsumoto, Japanese writer and journalist (d. 1992) 1913 – Arnold Friberg, American illustrator and painter (d. 2010) 1914 – Frank Fenner, Australian scientist (d. 2010) 1915 – Werner von Trapp, Austrian singer (d. 2007) 1917 – Heinrich Böll, German writer (d. 1982) 1918 – Kurt Waldheim, Austrian politician (d. 2007) 1918 – Donald Regan, American politician (d. 2003) 1920 – Alicia Alonso, Cuban ballerina; d. Twenty-nineteen 1924 – Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (d. 2013) 1925 – Olga Aroseva, Russian actress (d. 2013) 1926 – Arnost Lustig, Czech writer (d. 2011) 1926 – Joe Paterno, American football coach (d. 2012) 1927 – Takashi Hiraoka, Japanese mayor and journalist 1928 – Ed Nelson, American actor (d. 2014) 1930 – Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 2004) 1931 – Moira Orfei, Italian actress (d. 2015) 1932 – U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian writer (d. 2014) 1933 – Robert Worcester, American businessman 1934 – Hanif Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016) 1934 – Giuseppina Leone, Italian sprinter 1935 – John G. Avildsen, American movie director and producer (d. 2017) 1935 – Yusuf Bey, American activist (d. 2003) 1935 – Edward Schreyer, Canadian politician 1935 – Lorenzo Bandini, Italian racing driver (d. 1967) 1936 – Hershel W. Gober, American politician 1937 – Jane Fonda, American actress 1938 – Frank Moorhouse, Australian author 1939 – Lloyd Axworthy, Canadian politician 1940 – Frank Zappa, American musician (d. 1993) 1942 – Hu Jintao, Chinese politician, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1942 – Reinhard Mey, German singer-songwriter 1942 – Crispin Wright, British philosopher 1942 – Carla Thomas, American singer 1943 – Masafumi Hara, Japanese footballer 1943 – Albert Lee, English guitarist 1943 – Jack Nance, American actor (d. 1996) 1943 – Walter Spanghero, French rugby player 1944 – Bill Atkinson, English footballer 1944 – Michael Tilson Thomas, American conductor, pianist and composer 1945 – Doug Walters, English cricketer 1946 – Carl Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (d. 1998) 1947 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish flamenco guitarist, songwriter and producer (d. 2014) 1948 – Samuel L. Jackson, American actor 1949 – Thomas Sankara, President of Burkina Faso (d. 1987) 1950 – Jeffrey Katzenberg, American movie producer 1951 1975 1953 - Betty Wright, American soul singer 1953 - András Schiff, Hungarian-British pianist and conductor 1954 – Chris Evert, American tennis player 1955 - Kazuyuki Sekiguchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player 1955 – Jane Kaczmarek, American actress 1957 – Ray Romano, Italian-American comedian 1958 - Tamara Bykova, Russian athlete 1959 – Florence Griffith-Joyner, American athlete (d. 1998) 1959 - Michael Spindelegger, Austrian politician 1960 - Sherry Rehman, Pakistani journalist, politician and diplomat 1961 – Ryuji Sasai, Japanese video game designer '62 - Steven Mnuchin, 77th United States Secretary of the Treasury 1963 - Govinda, Indian actor and politician 1965 – Cem Oezdemir, German politician 1965 – Anke Engelke, German comedienne 1965 - Andy Dick, American comedian, actor, musician and television producer 1966 – Kiefer Sutherland, Canadian actor 1966 - Karri Turner, American actress 1966 - William Ruto, Kenyan politician 1967 – Mikheil Saakashvili, former President of Georgia 1969 - Julie Delpy, French-American model, actress, director and screenwriter 1969 - Jack Noseworthy, American actor 1969 - Mihails Zemlinskis, Latvian footballer 1970 - Jamie Theakston, English television presenter 1970 - Stefan Lövgren, Swedish handball player 1972 - Claudia Poll, Costa Rican swimmer 1972 - Gloria De Piero, English politician 1972 - Kirsten Oswald, Scottish politician 1972 - Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, Indian politician 1973 - Irakli Alasania, Georgian colonel and politician 1974 - Karrie Webb, Australian golfer 1975 - Charles Michel, President of the European Council and former Prime Minister of Belgium From 1976 1976 – Lukas Rossi, Canadian rock singer 1977 - Emmanuel Macron, President of France 1978 - Alexander Wolf, German biathlete 1979 - Tuva Novotny, Swedish actress, singer and director 1979 - Steve Montador, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015) 1980 – Stefan Liv, Polish-born Swedish ice hockey player (d. 2011) 1981 – Cristian Zaccardo, Italian footballer 1982 - Charlie Cox, English actor 1982 – Mike Gansey, American basketball player 1982 – Iljo Keisse, Belgian cyclist 1983 - Steven Yeun, Korean-American actor 1984 – Darren Potter, Irish footballer 1985 – Tom Sturridge, British actor 1985 - Andrea Jeremiah, Indian actress and singer 1987 – Brad Howard, Australian footballer 1988 - Perri Shakes-Drayton, British athlete 1988 - Yasmin, British singer 1989 - Tamannaah, Indian actress 1990 - Alexa Goddard, British singer 1991 - Riccardo Saponara, Italian footballer 1995 - Bobby, South Korean rapper and composer 1996 - Kaitlyn Dever, American actress Deaths Up to 1950 72 – Thomas the Apostle 882 - Hincmar, French archbishop (b. 806) 1295 – Marguerite Berenger of Provence, queen of Louis IX of France (b. 1221) 1308 – Henry I of Hesse (born 1244) 1375 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (born 1313) 1504 – Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild, German archbishop and elector (born 1442) 1549 – Marguerite of Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre (born 1492) 1579 – Vicente Masip, Spanish painter (b. 1500) 1597 – Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit (born 1521) 1737 - Alessandro Galilei, Italian architect (born 1691) 1807 – John Newton, English cleric and hymnist (born 1725) 1839 - Andrew Dung-Lac, Vietnamese martyr (born 1795) 1873 – Francis Garnier, French explorer (born 1839) 1882 - Francesco Hayez, Italian painter (born 1791) 1900 - Roger Wolcott, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1847) 1907 - Klara Hitler, mother of Adolf Hitler (b. 1860) 1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Somali nationalist leader (b. 1856) 1933 – Knud Rasmussen, Greenlandic explorer and anthropologist (b. 1879) 1935 – Kurt Tucholsky, German journalist and satirist (born 1890) 1937 – Frank B. Kellogg, 45th United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1856) 1940 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (born 1896) 1945 – George S. Patton, American general (born 1885) 1951 2015 1955 - Garegin Njdeh, Armenian statesman (b. 1886) 1957 – Eric Coates, English composer (born 1886) 1958 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German writer (born 1884) 1964 – Carl Van Vechten, American writer and photographer (b. 1880) 1967 - Louis Washkansky, heart transplant patient (b. 1913) 1968 – Vittorio Pozzo, Italian FIFA World Cup-winning football manager (b. 1886) 1982 - Hafeez Jullundhri, Pakistani writer, poet and composer (b. 1900) 1983 - Paul de Man, Belgian critic (b. 1919) 1987 - John Spence, American musician (b. 1969) 1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch ornithologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1907) 1989 - Rotimi Fani-Koyode, Nigerian-English photographer (b. 1955) 1990 - Clarence Johnson, American engineer (b. 1910) 1992 – Albert King, American musician (born 1924) 1992 – Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian violinist (born 1903) 2001 – Dick Schaap, American sports journalist (born 1931) 2004 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian medical scientist (born 1925) 2006 – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (b. 1940) 2008 - Dale Wasserman, American writer (b. 1914) 2009 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist (b. 1918) 2010 – Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer and FIFA World Cup-winning manager (b. 1927) 2012 - Lee Dorman, American musician (b. 1942) 2013 - David Coleman, British broadcaster (b. 1926) 2013 - Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Canadian-American businessman (b. 1929) 2013 - John Eisenhower, American general, historian and diplomat (b. 1922) 2014 - Horacio Ferrer, Uruguayan writer and poet (b. 1933) 2014 - Udo Jürgens, Austrian singer (b. 1934) 2014 - Sitor Situmorang, Indonesian poet and writer (b. 1923) 2014 - Billie Whitelaw, English actress (b. 1932) 2014 - Alan Williams, Welsh politician (b. 1930) 2014 - Morteza Ahmadi, Iranian actor (b. 1924) 2014 - Jane Bown, British photographer (b. 1925) 2014 - Frank Truitt, American basketball coach (b. 1925) 2015 - Carol Burns, Australian actress (b. 1947) From 2016 2017 - Manouchehr Boroumand, Iranian weightlifter (b. 1934) 2017 - Ken Catchpole, Australian rugby player (b. 1939) 2017 - Dick Enberg, American sports broadcaster (b. 1935) 2017 - March Fong Eu, American politician; b. '22 2017 - Halvard Kausland, Norwegian jazz guitarist (b. 1945) 2017 - Jean-Pierre Lehmann, American-born Swiss economist; b. '45 2017 - Bruce McCandless II, American astronaut (b. 1937) 2017 - Francelino Pereira, Brazilian politician (b. 1921) 2017 - June Rowlands, Canadian politician, 60th Mayor of Toronto (b. 1924) 2017 - Roswell Rudd, American jazz trombonist (b. 1935) 2017 - Jerry Yellin, American World War II fighter pilot (b. 1924) 2018 - Gerard Bernacki, Polish priest; b. '42 2018 - Lars Hindmar, Swedish racewalker; b. '21 Twenty-nineteen Ramachandra Babu, Indian cinematographer; b. '47 Martin Peters, English footballer; b. '43 Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer; b. '33 Krisztián Zahorecz, Hungarian footballer; b. '75 Observances Winter solstice (Northern Hemisphere), can also occur on December 22 Yule Summer solstice (Southern Hemisphere), can also occur on December 22 Christian feast day of Saint Thomas the Apostle Days of the year

10107

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/December%2027

December 27

Events Up to 1900 537 – The Hagia Sophia is consecrated as a church in Byzantium. 1703 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty which gives preference to Portuguese imported wines into England. 1814 - War of 1812: American schooner (a type of sailing boat) USS Carolina is destroyed. 1831 – Charles Darwin begins his trip on the boat the HMS Beagle, where he will think of the theory of evolution. 1836 – The worst ever avalanche in England happens at Lewes, Sussex, killing 8 people. 1845 – Ether anesthetic is used for childbirth for the first time (Dr. Crawford Williamson Long in Jefferson, Georgia). 1901 2000 1904 – James Barrie's play Peter Pan begins to be shown in London. 1904 – The Abbey Theatre opens. 1911 - Jana Gana Mana, the national anthem of India, is first sung at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. 1918 – Beginning of Great Poland Uprising. The Poles in Poland beign to fight against the Germans so that they can become free. 1922 - Japanese aircraft carrier Hosho becomes the first purpose-built aircraft carrier to be commissioned in the world. 1923 - Daisuke Namba, Japanese student, tries to assassinate Japan's then-Prince-Regent Hirohito. 1932 – Radio City Music Hall opens in New York City. 1936 - Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco's forces bomb Santander. 1939 - Erzincan, Turkey, is struck by a major earthquake, killing 30,000 people. 1939 - Winter War: Finland holds off a Soviet Union attack in the Battle of Kelja. 1945 – The World Bank is created with the signing of an agreement by 28 nations. 1945 – Korea is divided (put into two pieces). 1947 – Howdy Doody, a children's television program, makes its debut (NBC). 1949 – Indonesian National Revolution: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands recognises Indonesia as an independent country. 1959 – In a referendum, voters in the Pacific islands of Wallis and Futuna decide that their islands should have the status of a French overseas territory. 1960 - The Beatles play their first performance in Litherland Town Hall, Liverpool. 1966 - The Cave of Swallows, the largest-known cave shaft, is discovered near San Luis Potosí, Mexico. 1968 – Long-time radio show The Breakfast Club ends on ABC radio. 1975 – A mining explosion in Jharkhand, India, causes a flood, in which 372 miners drown. 1978 – Spain becomes a democracy (a place where people vote) after 40 years of dictatorship. 1979 – The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan and Babrak Karmal becomes the new President. The old one, Hafizullah Amin, was killed. 1985 – Palestinian fighters kill twenty people in the Rome and Vienna airports (places where airplanes take off and land). 1985 – American naturalist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda. 1996 – Taliban fighters take over the Bagram air base. They became safer and stronger in Kabul after they did that. 1997 – Protestant paramilitary (paramilitary is what you call an army that is not legal and part of the government) leader Billy Wright is assassinated in Northern Ireland. From 2001 2001 – The People's Republic of China is granted permanent normal trade relations with the United States. 2002 – Two truck bombs in Grozny kill 72 and hurt 200 at the building where the government of Chechnya works. 2004 - Radiation from an explosion on the magnetar "SGR 1806-20" reaches Earth. It is the brightest extrasolar (outside the Solar System) event known to have been witnessed on the planet. 2006 - Space telescope COROT is launched on a Russian Soyuz rocket from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. 2007 – Benazir Bhutto, former Prime Minister of Pakistan, is killed in a terrorist attack in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 2007 - Mwai Kibaki is declared the winner of a disputed Presidential election in Kenya. Riots start, which ultimately lead to a political, economic and humanitarian crisis. 2008 – A three-week war begins in the Gaza Strip, as Israel launches Operation Cast Lead on suspected Hamas militants in Gaza, lasting three weeks. Births Up to 1900 1350 – John I of Aragon (d. 1396) 1390 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (d. 1411) 1459 – John I Albert, King of Poland (d. 1501) 1555 - Johann Arndt, German theologian (d. 1621) 1566 - Jan Jesenius, Slovakian physician, politician and philosopher (d. 1621) 1571 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (d. 1630) 1572 - Johannes Vodnianus Campanus, Czech humanist (d. 1622) 1654 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1705) 1717 – Pope Pius VI (d. 1799) 1755 - Anthony of Saxony (d. 1836) 1761 - Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, Russian field marshal (d. 1818) 1773 – George Cayley, English naturalist, physical scientist, engineer, politician (d. 1857) 1776 - Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811) 1793 - Alexander Gordon Laing, Scottish explorer (d. 1826) 1796 – Mirza Ghalib, poet of Urdu (d. 1869) 1797 - Manuela Saenz, South American independence activist (d. 1856) 1802 - Gerardus Johannes Mulder, Dutch physician and chemist (d. 1880) 1803 - François-Marie-Thomas Chevalier de Lorimier, Canadian activist (d. 1839) 1822 – Louis Pasteur, French scientist (d. 1895) 1823 – Sir Mackenzie Bowell, fifth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1896) 1832 - Pavel Tretyakov, Russian businessman and patron of art (d. 1897) 1851 – Percy Gilchrist, metallurgist (d. 1935) 1858 – Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President of Chile (d. 1930) 1860 – David Hendricks Bergey, bacteriologist (d. 1937) 1863 - Louis Lincoln Emmerson, 27th Governor of Illinois (d. 1941) 1867 - Léon Delacroix, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1929) 1879 – Sydney Greenstreet, British actor (d. 1954) 1881 – Antonio Granjo, Portuguese politician (d. 1921) 1883 - Cyrus S. Eaton, Canadian-American financier, businessman and philanthropist (d. 1979) 1888 – Thea von Harbou, German writer and actress (d. 1954) 1892 - Alfred Edwin McKay, Canadian pilot (d. 1917) 1896 – Carl Zuckmayer, German writer (d. 1977) 1896 – Louis Bromfield, writer (d. 1956) 1900 – Hans Stuck, German automobile racer (d. 1978) 1901 1950 1901 – Marlene Dietrich, German actress and singer (d. 1992) 1903 - Hermann Volk, German cardinal (d. 1988) 1906 – Oscar Levant, composer and actor (d. 1972) 1907 – Sebastian Haffner, German publicist (someone who tells people about things) (d. 1999) 1907 - Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor and composer (d. 1978) 1909 – Henryk Jablonski, Polish politician (d. 2003) 1914 - Doris Bowdon, American actress (d. 2005) 1915 – William Masters, American sexologist (d. 2001) 1917 - Buddy Boudreaux, American jazz musician (d. 2015) 1923 - Lucas Mangope, South African politician (d. 2018) 1925 – Michel Piccoli, French actor 1926 - Jerome Courtland, American actor, director and producer 1926 - Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President of Costa Rica (d. 2009) 1927 - Nityanand Swami, Indian politician, 1st Chief Minister of Uttarakhand (d. 2012) 1928 - Walter Romberg, German politician (d. 2014) 1930 - Marshall Sahlins, American anthropologist 1931 - John Charles, Welsh footballer (d. 2004) 1931 – Tommy Lapid, Israeli politician (d. 2008) 1931 - Scotty Moore, American rock musician (d. 2016) 1934 - Larisa Latynina, Russian gymnast 1935 - Michael Turnbull, English bishop 1938 - Stanislav Stanojevic, Serbian-born French movie director and actor 1938 - Rolf Wolfsohl, German cyclist 1939 – John Amos, American actor 1941 - Miles Aiken, American basketball player and coach 1941 - Mike Pinder, English singer-songwriter and keyboardist 1941 - Nolan Richardson, American basketball player and coach 1942 - Charmian Carr, American actress (d. 2016) 1942 - Thomas Menino, 53rd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (d. 2014) 1942 - Ron Jacobs, American basketball coach (d. 2015) 1943 - Joan Manuel Serrat, Catalan singer-songwriter 1943 – Cokie Roberts, American journalist (d. 2019) 1944 - Markus Werner, Swiss writer (d. 2016) 1946 – Janet Street-Porter, English journalist and television presenter 1946 - Polly Toynbee, English journalist 1948 – Gérard Depardieu, French actor 1949 – Klaus Fischer, German footballer 1950 – Roberto Bettega, Italian footballer 1951 1975 1951 – Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico 1952 – David Knopfler, British musician (Dire Straits) 1952 - Tovah Feldshuh, American actress 1954 - Kent Benson, American basketball player 1956 - Doina Melinte, Romanian athlete 1957 - Dane Witherspoon, American actor (d. 2014) 1958 - Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, Prime Minister of Pakistan 1959 – Gerina Dunwich, occult writer 1960 – Maryam d'Abo, British actress 1961 – Guido Westerwelle, German politician (d. 2016) 1963 - Claus Meyer, Danish chef, television host and restaurateur 1963 – Gaspar Noé, Argentine-born director 1964 - Theresa Randle, American actress 1965 – Salman Khan, Indian actor 1966 - Masahiro Fukuda, Japanese footballer 1966 – Bill Goldberg, American professional wrestler, American football player 1966 - Eva LaRue, American actress 1969 – Sarah Vowell, American writer and journalist 1970 - Chyna, American professional wrestler and pornographic actress (d. 2016) 1971 – Duncan Ferguson, Scottish footballer 1971 - Sergei Bodrov, Jr., Russian movie actor and director (d. 2002) 1971 - Sabine Spitz, German cyclist 1973 – Wilson Cruz, actor 1974 – Masi Oka, Japanese-American actor 1975 – Heather O'Rourke, American child actress (Poltergeist) (d. 1988) From 1976 1976 - Curro Torres, Spanish footballer 1976 - Aaron Stanford, American actor and producer 1976 - Piotr Morawski, Polish mountaineer (d. 2009) 1976 - Tim Roberts, American professional wrestler (d. 2015) 1979 – David Dunn, English footballer 1979 – Carson Palmer, American football quarterback, Heisman Trophy winner 1981 – Emilie de Ravin, Australian actress 1981 – Javine, British singer 1981 - Lise Darly, French singer 1981 - Patrick Sharp, Canadian ice hockey player 1983 - Anthony Boric, New Zealand rugby player 1983 - Cole Hamels, American baseball player 1984 - Black M, French rapper and singer-songwriter 1984 – Gilles Simon, French tennis player 1985 - Adil Rami, French footballer 1985 - Cristian Villagra, Argentine footballer 1986 - Torah Bright, Australian snowboarder 1986 - Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, Jamaican athlete 1987 - Logan Bailly, Belgian footballer 1988 - Hiroki Yamada, Japanese footballer 1988 – Hayley Williams, American singer (Paramore) 1988 - Zavon Hines, Jamaican-English footballer 1990 - Milos Raonic, Canadian tennis player 1991 - Chloe Bridges, American actress 1991 - Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht, German actor and rapper 1991 - Danny Wilson, Scottish footballer 1995 - Mark Lapidus, Estonian chess player 1997 - Ana Konjuh, Croatian tennis player Deaths Up to 1900 1065 - King Ferdinand I of Leon and Castile (b. 1018) 1076 - Prince Sviatoslav of Kiev (b. 1027) 1087 - Bertha of Savoy, German queen and Holy Roman Empress (b. 1051) 1381 - Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, English politician 1543 - George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1484) 1743 - Hyacinthe Rigaud, French sculptor (b. 1659) 1771 - Henri Pitot, French inventor (b. 1695) 1782 – Henry Home, Lord Kames, Scottish lawyer and philosopher (b. 1697) 1800 - Hugh Blair, Scottish minister and author (b. 1718) 1812 – Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, founder of the Chabad Hasidic movement (b. 1745) 1836 – Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (someone who goes to new places) (b. 1793) 1873 - Edward Blyth, English zoologist and ornithologist (b. 1810) 1881 - John J. Bagley, American politician, 16th Governor of Michigan (b. 1832) 1891 - Antonio Arenas, President of Peru (b. 1808) 1896 – John Brown, manufacturer (b. 1861) 1900 – William George Armstrong, inventor, industrialist and engineer (b. 1810) 1901 2000 1914 – Charles Martin Hall, chemist, inventor (b. 1863) 1923 - Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (b. 1832) 1925 – Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (b. 1895) 1936 - Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Turkish poet, writer and academic (b. 1873) 1937 - William Noble Andrews, American politician (b. 1876) 1938 – Calvin Bridges, geneticist (b. 1889) 1942 - William G. Morgan, American inventor of volleyball (b. 1870) 1950 – Max Beckmann, German painter (b. 1884) 1953 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (b. 1894) 1957 - Otto Nuschke, German politician (b. 1883) 1958 - Harry Warner, American studio executive (b. 1881) 1966 – Guillermo Stabile, Argentine footballer (b. 1905) 1968 – Victor Ernest Shelford, zoologist (b. 1877) 1972 – Lester Pearson, fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1897) 1974 - Vladimir Fock, Russian physicist and mathematician (b. 1898) 1974 - Amy Vanderbilt, American author (b. 1908) 1978 – Houari Boumedienne, President of Algeria (b. 1932) 1979 – Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929) 1981 – Hoagy Carmichael, American composer, singer (b. 1899) 1982 - Jack Swigert, American astronaut (b. 1931) 1985 – Dian Fossey, American biologist (b. 1932) 1988 – Hal Ashby, movie director (b. 1929) 1994 – Fanny Cradock, British chef and cookery writer (b. 1909) 1997 – Billy Wright, Irish Protestant paramilitary leader (b. 1960) 1997 – Brendan Gill, columnist, humorist (someone who makes people laugh) (b. 1953) From 2001 2002 – George Roy Hill, movie director (b. 1922) 2003 – Alan Bates, British actor (b. 1934) 2003 – Ivan Calderon, baseball player (b. 1962) (murdered) 2007 – Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani politician (b. 1953) 2007 – Jerzy Kawalerowicz, Polish movie director (b. 1922) 2007 – Jaan Kross, Estonian writer (b. 1920) 2008 – Alfred Pfaff, German footballer (b. 1926) 2009 - Takashi Takabayashi, Japanese footballer (b. 1931) 2010 – Ronald Lee Herrick, organ donor (b. 1931) 2011 – Helen Frankenthaler, American painter (b. 1928) 2011 - Michael Dummett, British philosopher (b. 1925) 2012 - Harry Carey, Jr., American actor (b. 1921) 2012 - Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., American general (b. 1934) 2012 - Jesco von Puttkamer, German-American engineer (b. 1933) 2013 - Mohamad Chatah, Lebanese economist and diplomat (b. 1951) (car bombing) 2013 - Elvira Quintilla, Spanish actress (b. 1928) 2014 - Tomaz Salamun, Slovenian poet (b. 1941) 2014 - Karel Poma, Belgian politician (b. 1920) 2015 - Alfredo Pacheco, El Salvadorean footballer (b. 1982) 2015 - Haskell Wexler, American cinematographer, movie producer and director (b. 1922) 2015 - Dave Henderson, American baseball player (b. 1958) 2015 - Ellsworth Kelly, American painter, sculptor and printmaker (b. 1923) 2015 - Meadowlark Lemon, American basketball player (b. 1932) 2015 - Stein Eriksen, Norwegian skier (b. 1927) 2015 - Gabriel Tambon, French politician (b. 1930) 2016 - Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1951) 2016 - Claude Gensac, French actress (b. 1927) 2016 - Carrie Fisher, American actress and writer (b. 1956) 2016 - Hans Tietmeyer, German economist (b. 1931) 2017 - Ben Barres, American neurobiologist (b. 1954) 2017 - Osvaldo Fattori, Italian footballer (b. 1922) 2017 - Thomas Hunter, American actor (b. 1932) Observances Constitution Day (North Korea) Saint Stephen's Day (Eastern Orthodox Church), public holiday in Romania. Days of the year