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The South Cheatham Advocate is a weekly newspaper published in Kingston Springs, Tennessee since 1990. The South Cheatham Advocate has been, throughout its existence, an advertiser-supported, free newspaper. It is not, however, a "shopper"; it has considerable editorial content and coverage of area events in the area of southern Cheatham County, particularly Kingston Springs and Pegram. In its early existence, it was also fairly widely circulated in the nearby town of White Bluff in Dickson County; this was curtailed when a major White Bluff advertiser ceased its support. At this time, the paper assumed its current name, the South Cheatham Advocate; it had previously been circulated as The Advocate, a name more widely associated with a national gay-oriented publication. When circulation in White Bluff resumed on a limited scale, the South Cheatham portion of the name was retained. External links Paper's web site Category:Weekly newspapers published in the United States Category:Newspapers published in Tennessee Category:Cheatham County, Tennessee Category:Publications established in 1990 Category:1990 establishments in Tennessee

Fabre is a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. The district is located in Laval and includes the westernmost portion of Île Jésus (or Île de Laval) west of Autoroute 15 in the northern half of the district and west of Autoroute 13 in the southern half. It was created for the 1966 election from a part of Laval electoral district electoral district. In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost part of its territory to the newly created Sainte-Rose electoral district, but gained some territory from Chomedey. In the change from the 2011 to 2017 electoral map, it will gain some more territory from Chomedey, in the area around Parc Le Boutillier. The district is named after Édouard-Charles Fabre who was the third archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montreal from 1876 to 1896. Members of the Legislative Assembly / National Assembly Election results |} |} ^ Change is from redistributed results. CAQ change is from ADQ. |- |Liberal |Michelle Courchesne |align="right"|15,349 |align="right"|45.50 |align="right"| |- |- |} References External links Information Elections Quebec Election results Election results (National Assembly) Maps 2011 map (PDF) 2001 map (Flash) 2001–2011 changes (Flash) 1992–2001 changes (Flash) Electoral map of Laval region Quebec electoral map, 2011 Category:Politics of Laval, Quebec Category:Quebec provincial electoral districts

Martha Sommerfeld Hearron (April 4, 1943 – November 29, 2014) was an American biostatistician who worked for over 30 years at Upjohn, becoming the first professional woman and the first female manager there. Martha L. Sommerfeld was born in Highland Park, Illinois. She was part of the entering class of 1964 at the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro) but graduated in 1964, with a bachelor's degree in chemistry, from the University of Michigan. She completed her education with a master's degree in public health in 1966, specializing in biostatistics, at the University of Michigan. She married Arthur E. Hearron Jr., and joined Upjohn, where she would work for another 32 years. She helped establish the Pharmaceutical Subsection of the American Statistical Association in 1968 (now the Biopharmaceutical Section), and was its chair in 1976. In 1988, Hearron was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Hearron held a lifelong interest in the fine and performing arts, and sang soprano in the annual production of Handel's Messiah as part of the University Choral Union at the University of Michigan while she was a student there. As a parting gift from her estate, she funded an endowed chair in fine arts at Western Michigan University, in the names of her and her husband. References Category:1943 births Category:2014 deaths Category:American statisticians Category:Women statisticians Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association

Kivumbu is a settlement in Kenya's Eastern Province. References Category:Populated places in Eastern Province (Kenya)

Krishnapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of Tripura a Northeastern Indian state. Krishnapur is also part of East Tripura Lok Sabha constituency. It is a reserved seat for the Scheduled tribes (ST). Member of Legislative Assembly 1977: Manindra Debbarma, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 1983: Kali Kumar Debbarma, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 1988: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 1993: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 1998: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2003: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2008: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2013: Khagendra Jamatia, Communist Party of India (Marxist) 2018: Autul Debbarma, Bharatiya Janata Party See also Khowai district Krishnapur (disambiguation) Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency) References Category:Khowai district Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura

A hazardous material apparatus is a specialized piece of equipment used by hazmat responders responding to calls involving potentially hazardous materials. Due to the ever-evolving nature of dangerous goods, these vehicles are highly customized to fit the needs of the agency responsible for the apparatus. Specifications In the United States NFPA regulation 471 details the Recommended Practice For Responding To Hazardous Materials Incidents. While no specifications are given for the HazMat vehicle, the document does outline some of the equipment required including a radiation detector, pH meter and other air sampling devices. A typical hazmat vehicle will have a portion dedicated to a command and communications center. Often fitted with computers, televisions, two-way radios and other equipment. This command center is usually located in a portion of the vehicle that slides out or expands much like is found on a typical recreational vehicle. Hazmat vehicles also often come with a portable lab complete with sinks and fume hoods that allow for the analysis of samples collected at the scene. Essentially a mobile laboratory, this allows early on-site scientific analysis and monitoring to speed up the detection process and allow firefighters and other emergency services to provide the correct response for the particular incident. Equipment Some equipment found on hazmat vehicles include: Containment booms for contain spills of non-miscible materials SCBAs for personnel Multiple different types of hazmat suits Small plastic pools for decontamination References Category:Fire service vehicles Category:Trucks Category:Firefighting equipment

Curtis R. Priem is an American computer scientist. He received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1982. He designed the first graphics processor for the PC, the IBM Professional Graphics Adapter. From 1986 to 1993, he was a senior staff engineer at Sun Microsystems, where he developed the GX graphics chip. He cofounded NVIDIA with Jen-Hsun Huang and Chris Malachowsky and was its Chief Technical Officer from 1993 to 2003. He retired from NVIDIA in 2003. In 2000, RPI named him Entrepreneur of the Year. From 2003 to 2007 he was a trustee of Rensselaer. In 2004 he announced that he would donate an unrestricted gift of $40 million to the Institute. Rensselaer subsequently created the Curtis R. Priem Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center, named in his honor and usually referred to as "EMPAC" for short. He is also president of the Priem Family Foundation, which he established with his wife Veronica in September, 1999. The foundation is non-operating (has no office or staff, and therefore, no overhead) and exists only to give money to other foundations or charities. References Category:Nvidia people Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American technology company founders Category:American electrical engineers Category:American chief technology officers Category:American philanthropists

Trans European Aviation was a British charter airline which operated from 1959 until closure in 1962. With the introduction of the larger Lockheed Constellation to its services, the airline name was changed in 1961 to Trans European Airways. History The airline was formed in early 1959 to operate charter flights from Swansea Airport with two de Havilland Dragon Rapide aircraft. In early 1960 the operations base was transferred to Coventry Airport and a Bristol Freighter, previously owned by Air Condor, was acquired in October that year. This larger aircraft was used to operate both freight and passenger charter flights. In 1961 the airline decided to enter the inclusive-tour market when it tried to acquire a Lockheed Constellation from Cubana. The deal fell through but in May 1961 it took delivery of the first of three Constellations, which were based at London Gatwick Airport. The airline operated charters and inclusive tour flights from London and other major United Kingdom airports to Mediterranean resorts. It also operated inclusive tour flights from West Berlin. In August 1962 the airline ceased operating. Aircraft types operated de Havilland Dragon Rapide Bristol Freighter Lockheed Constellation References Category:Defunct airlines of the United Kingdom Category:Airlines established in 1959 Category:Airlines disestablished in 1962

The 1874 New Brunswick general election was held in May and June 1874, to elect 41 members to the 23rd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels. Of forty-one MLAs, thirty-five supported the government, five formed the opposition, and one was neutral. The main issue in the election was the Common Schools Act passed in 1871. Roman Catholics and Acadians, in particular, were opposed to the legislation because it banned religious instruction in publicly funded schools. In the 1874 election, support for the government implied support for the Common Schools Act. References History of New Brunswick Provincial Election Campaigns and Platforms 1866-1974, CA Woodward (1976) Category:1874 elections in Canada Category:Elections in New Brunswick Category:1874 in New Brunswick Category:May 1874 events Category:June 1874 events

Cyclone Grant was a tropical cyclone that affected Queensland and the Northern Territory in Australia. Meteorological history On 21 December, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Darwin, Australia, began monitoring an area of low pressure that had developed about to the northeast of Darwin. Tropical Low 04U developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the morning of 25 December and moved slowly towards the Cobourg Peninsula. The system reached Category 2 strength in the afternoon of 25 December. In the evening of 28 December the system, downgraded to a tropical low, moved back onto the waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The system continued to move eastward across the Cape York Peninsula and into the Coral Sea, even as the storm weakened, until Grant underwent an extratropical transition on 2 January 2012. Later on the same day, the extratropical remnant of Grant dissipated. Preparations and impact Northern Territory A gale warning was issued for Darwin and the Tiwi Islands on 24 December. The system intensified on 25 December, reaching Category 2 status in the afternoon, and a cyclone watch was declared between Dundee Beach and Nhulunbuy, with a cyclone warning issued for areas between Cape Fourcroy and Milingimbi including the Tiwi Islands. The system crossed Van Diemen Gulf and made a second landfall east of Point Stuart in the early morning of 26 December. Shortly thereafter the cyclone was downgraded to Category 1, and by that afternoon it was downgraded to a tropical low as it passed Jabiru in Kakadu National Park. Jabiru Airport had received of rain by 9:00am on 26 December. On 27 December the system was moving slowly south-east across Arnhem Land, causing heavy rainfall. Ediths Fall Ridge recorded of rainfall, which produced damaging flooding. A cyclone watch was issued on 27 December from Nhulunbuy to Numbalwar, including Groote Eylandt. Flooding associated with the system in the Katherine area cut off the Stuart Highway, washed cars off bridges and derailed a train. The Adelaide–Darwin railway was severely damaged by the derailment of the Genesee & Wyoming freight train. The Ghan was forced to stop with 200 passengers in Katherine. One week after the cyclone had passed freight companies were poised to raise transportation costs as shipping to Darwin would need to be done by road. The railway between Katherine and Darwin would be out of service until the end of January 2012. On 28 December the system moved eastward, bringing with it heavy rainfall to the Roper-McArthur River districts. Queensland A cyclone watch was issued for Queensland for coastal areas from Thursday Island to Gilbert River Mouth but was later cancelled when the system did not re-intensify to Category 1 strength. Late on 29 December the system as a tropical monsoon low was northwest of Pormpuraaw on the Cape York Peninsula before making landfall in the early morning of 30 December south of Wiepa near the aboriginal community of Aurukun. A severe weather warning was issued for the Peninsula, North Tropical Coast and Gulf Country districts. Later on 30 December the monsoon low passed Coen and out into the waters of the Coral Sea. References External links Joint Typhoon Warning Centre (JTWC). Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane). Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Jakarta. Category:2011–12 Australian region cyclone season Category:Category 2 Australian region cyclones

The 2017 Copa Verde to be the 4th edition of a football competition held in Brazil. Featuring 18 clubs, Acre, Distrito Federal and Mato Grosso do Sul have two spots; Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins with one each. The others four berths will be set according to CBF ranking. In the finals, Luverdense defeated Paysandu 4–2 on aggregate to win their first title and a place in the Round of 16 of the 2018 Copa do Brasil. Qualified teams Schedule The schedule of the competition is as follows. Preliminary round |} Bracket Finals Luverdense won 4–2 on aggregate. References Copa Verde Category:Copa Verde Copa Verde

The Diomede Islands (; , ostrová Diomída), also known in Russia as Gvozdev Islands (, ostrová Gvozdjeva), consist of two rocky, mesa-like islands: The Russian island of Big Diomede (part of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), also known as Imaqliq, Inaliq, Nunarbuk or Ratmanov Island The U.S. island of Little Diomede (part of Alaska) or Ignaluk, also known as Krusenstern Island The Diomede Islands are located in the middle of the Bering Strait between mainland Alaska and Siberia, which borders the Chukchi Sea to the north and the Bering Sea to the south. to the southeast is Fairway Rock, which is generally not considered part of the Diomede Islands. Because they are separated by the International Date Line, Big Diomede is almost a day ahead of Little Diomede, but not completely; due to locally defined time zones, Big Diomede is only 21 hours ahead of Little Diomede (20 in summer). Because of this, the islands are sometimes called Tomorrow Island (Big Diomede) and Yesterday Island (Little Diomede). Etymology The islands are named for the Greek Saint Diomedes; Danish-Russian navigator Vitus Bering sighted the Diomede Islands on August 16 (O.S., August 27 N.S.), 1728, the day on which the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the saint. Location The islands are separated by an international border, which defines the International Date Line in that area, about from each island, at 168°58'37"W. At their closest points, the two islands are about apart. The small habitation on Little Diomede Island is centered on the west side of the island at the village of Diomede. Big Diomede Island is the easternmost point of Russia. The Diomede Islands are often mentioned as likely intermediate stops for the hypothetical bridge or tunnel (Bering Strait crossing) spanning the Bering Strait. During winter, an ice bridge usually spans the distance between these two islands; therefore during such times it is theoretically possible (although not legal, since travel between the two islands is forbidden) to walk between the United States and Russia. History The first European to reach the Bering Strait was the Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. He reported two islands whose natives had bone lip ornaments, but it is not certain that these were the Diomedes. Danish navigator Vitus Bering re-discovered the Diomede Islands while leading a Russian expedition on 16 August (O.S., 26 August N.S.) 1728, the day when the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the martyr St. Diomede (hence, the name of the islands). In 1732, a Russian geodesist, Mikhail Gvozdev, determined longitude and latitude for the two islands. The text of the 1867 treaty between the United States and Russia which finalized the Alaska purchase uses the islands to designate the boundary between the two nations: The border separates "equidistantly Krusenstern Island, or Ignaluk, from Ratmanov Island, or Nunarbuk, and heads northward infinitely until it disappears completely in the Arctic Ocean." During the Cold War, that gap constituted the border between the United States and the Soviet Union, and became known as the "Ice Curtain". In 1987, however, Lynne Cox swam from one island to the other, and was congratulated by both Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan for her feat. In summer 1995, British television actor and documentary presenter Michael Palin started his counterclockwise circumnavigation of the Pacific Rim, encompassing 18 different countries, on Little Diomede Island, as part of the BBC series Full Circle. He intended to set foot on it again at the end of his eight-month trek, but was unable to do so because of rough seas. Big Diomede Island was traditionally the easternmost landmass before the International Date Line, and the first landmass to ring in a new year, if using local solar time. When using official time, however, a large area in eastern Russia and New Zealand also share the same time zone. New Zealand also has Daylight Saving time in effect during late December, but Russia does not (see time in New Zealand and time in Russia). This became moot in 1995, however, when the International Date Line was moved to the east of Kiribati and that country's easternmost time zone (GMT+14) is now the world's earliest. The Soviet government relocated the indigenous population of Big Diomede Island to mainland Russia, and the island is now inhabited only by military units. Little Diomede had an Inupiat Inuit population of 170, which has declined to 115 at the 2010 Census, entirely in the village site on the west side of the island, though the island as a whole comprises the City of Diomede. This village has a school, a post office and a store. Some Inuit residents are famous for their ivory carving. When weather permits, commercial air contact is maintained with the island as part of the US Government Essential Air Service Program. See also List of islands of Alaska List of islands of Russia Notes References External links Images of the islands () Little Diomede page, with images Proposed Trans-Global Highway and AmerAsian Peace Tunnel Michael Palin site about Diomedes Category:International archipelagoes Category:Islands of Alaska Category:Islands of the Chukchi Sea Category:Islands of the Bering Sea Category:Islands of Nome Census Area, Alaska Category:Islands of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Category:Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska Category:Bering Strait

The 2014 Indy Lights season was a season of open wheel motor racing. It was the 29th season of the Indy Lights series and the 13th sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. It began March 30, 2014 in St. Petersburg. The 2014 season was the first promoted by Andersen Promotions, who also promotes the other steps on the Mazda Road to Indy. It was the final season for the Dallara IPS/Infiniti V8 chassis and engine package that debuted in 2002. A new chassis, to be built by Dallara, will be introduced for 2015 along with an AER turbocharged 4-cylinder engine. 2014 was also the first season with Cooper Tire as the sole tire supplier, replacing Firestone who had supplied tires to the series for its entire previous existence. Colombian-American Gabby Chaves, driving for Belardi Auto Racing captured the championship on the second tie-breaker over Schmidt Peterson Motorsports rookie Jack Harvey. Early on, the season appeared to be a two-horse race between Chaves and Andretti Autosport's Zach Veach. However, a late-season charge by Harvey put him within striking distance of the championship. Harvey did not capture his first win until the tenth race of the season. However, Chaves managed a second-place finish in the final race of the season behind Harvey in first. Chaves and Harvey tied on points and on the first tie-breaker number of wins with four each. Chaves captured the championship by having five second-place finishes to Harvey's one. Despite a season of low car-counts where only eight drivers competed in all 14 races, six different drivers captured victories. In addition to Chaves, Harvey, and Veach, other winners included Matthew Brabham and Luiz Razia who each captured their first and only wins of the season on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course and Belardi's Alexandre Baron – a race-winner in Toronto – who was in the championship hunt until reported visa issues forced him to leave the series. Team and driver chart All drivers competed in Cooper Tire–shod Dallara chassis. Schedule Andersen Promotions announced the 2014 Indy Lights schedule on October 24, 2013. The season consisted of 14 races held over 10 race weekends, consisting of three street circuits, three ovals, and four permanent road courses. All race weekends on permanent road courses were double-race weekends. The series returned to Sonoma Raceway for the first time since 2010. It also raced on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course for the first time since 2007 in support of the new Grand Prix of Indianapolis, although the track was in a different configuration than the one raced in 2007. The series did not return to Iowa Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, or Houston despite IndyCar returning to those tracks in 2014 and did not race at the Baltimore Grand Prix as that race was cancelled for 2014. Race results Championship standings Drivers' championship Points system Drivers had to complete 50% of the race distance in order to score full points, otherwise 1 point was awarded. Ties in points broken by number of wins, or best finishes. Teams' championship References External links Category:Indy Lights seasons Indy Lights

Fishersville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. The population was 7,462 at the 2010 census, an increase of nearly fifty percent from the 4,998 reported in 2000. It is part of the Staunton–Waynesboro Micropolitan Statistical Area. Fishersville is also home to Barren Ridge Vineyards (on the Shenandoah Valley Wine Trail), winner of the 2009 Best in Show wine at the Virginia State Fair. Geography Fishersville is located at (38.098737, −78.967824). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 13.1 square miles (34.0 km2), of which, 13.1 square miles (34.0 km2) of it is land and 0.08% is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 4,998 people, 1,826 households, and 1,433 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 380.6 people per square mile (147.0/km2). There were 1,931 housing units at an average density of 147.0/sq mi (56.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.76% White, 3.98% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population. There were 1,826 households out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.85. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 22.1% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,322, and the median income for a family was $53,528. Males had a median income of $36,094 versus $26,778 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,248. About 5.5% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. Education Fishersville has four public schools, all part of Augusta County Public Schools, including Wilson Elementary School, Wilson Middle School, Wilson Memorial High School, and Valley Vocational Career and Technical Center. It also is home to Wilson Workforce & Rehabilitation Center, formerly known as the Woodrow Wilson Rehabilitation Center, a residential vocational training center operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia. Historical sites The Tinkling Spring area is the site of Tinkling Spring Presbyterian Church, founded in 1740, and served by pastor Robert Lewis Dabney from 1852–1857. Cultural references In the first season of Netflix's Orange is the New Black, the character Pennsatucky shoots a woman in a fictitious abortion clinic based in Fishersville. References Category:Census-designated places in Augusta County, Virginia

An honesty box is a method of charging for a service such as admission or car parking, or for a product such as home-grown produce and flowers, which relies upon each visitor paying at a box using the honor system. Tickets are not issued and such sites are usually unattended. When used in camping sites and other park settings, they are sometimes referred to as an iron ranger as there is often an iron cash box instead of an actual park ranger. Some stores also use them for selling newspapers to avoid lines at a Cash Register. Such boxes are typically used in rural areas where the low number of customers and other visitors, along with the low quantity and/or value of the products on offer, means that an attendant would not bring a positive return on investment. Many are also domestically run operations where attendance is not feasible. See also Take a penny, leave a penny References Category:Honor Category:Payment systems Category:Rural culture

Moravia is a historical region in the Czech Republic. Moravia may also refer to: Great Moravia, a European state in the 9th century The Latin name for Moray, a county in Scotland Margraviate of Moravia, a Mark in the Holy Roman Empire Moravia, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, a neighborhood in northeast Baltimore Moravia, Iowa, United States, a small city Moravia, New York, United States, a town Moravia (village), New York, within the town Moravia (canton), Costa Rica The former name of the Finnish melodic death metal band Tracedawn People Alberto Moravia, pen name of Italian writer Alberto Pincherle (1907-1990) who authored The Conformist Charles Moravia (1875-1938), Haitian poet, dramatist, teacher, and diplomat Freskin, Flemish nobleman, styled de Moravia See also Moravian (disambiguation) Morava (disambiguation)

Sir Millis Rowland Jefferis KBE MC (9 January 1899 – 5 September 1963) was a British military officer who founded a special unit of the British Ministry of Supply which developed unusual weapons during the Second World War. Early career Born at Merstham, Surrey on 9 January 1899, Jefferis was educated at Tonbridge School and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. From Woolwich he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers on 6 June 1918 and after passing through the School of Military Engineering at Chatham, he was posted to the First Field Squadron RE in the Rhine Army. In 1920 he went to India and served with the Queen's Own Madras Sappers and Miners in the Third Field Troop at Sialkot. In 1922 he went into the Works Services in India as garrison engineer at Kohat and then at Khaisora which is today in Pakistan. He saw active service in the Waziristan Campaign where his main responsibility was the construction of roads. On 12 June 1923 he was awarded the Military Cross, the citation read: He then returned to Chatham and went to Cambridge University. In 1925, he returned to India and was placed on special duty at Kabul in the foreign and political department. In 1926 he returned to Nowshera as garrison engineer and spent several years in Works Services at Peshawar where he made full use of this engineering genius designing bridges. Also in 1925, he married Ruth Carolyne, daughter of G. E. Wakefield. They had three sons, two of whom went on to serve in the Royal Engineers. On 1 June 1929, Jefferis was promoted to captain. In 1934 he was posted to the Royal Bombay Sappers and Miners at Kirkee as a company commander in the training battalion. He returned to Britain in 1936 and joined the Twenty-third Field Company at Aldershot. Moving to the First Field Squadron, he stayed at Aldershot while the unit was being mechanised. While at Aldershot, Jefferis successfully raced horses and played squash competitively. He was promoted major on 6 June 1938, and on 4 April 1939 he was appointed a General Staff Officer, Grade 2. Second World War Norway In 1940 Jefferis was sent to Norway. He returned to give a personal account of his activities to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who used his report to brief the War Cabinet: For his service in Norway, Jefferis was awarded the Norwegian War Cross with sword, and Mentioned in Despatches for his efforts in the withdrawal from Lillehammer. MD1 Jefferis started working on sabotage devices for the "Military Intelligence Research" (MIR). When MIR was combined with other hush-hush elements to form the SOE, Jefferis' unit was not included and it instead became a department in the Ministry of Defence; the only unit of the Minister of Defence (The Prime Minister, Winston Churchill) and was known as "MD1", ultimately based in a house called "The Firs" in Whitchurch near Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire England. The unit was responsible for the design, development and production of a number of unique special forces and regular munitions during the Second World War. It gained the nickname "Winston Churchill's toyshop". Jefferis was an explosives expert and engineer, but lacked the ability to manage men well. He was assisted in the management of MD1 by a wily assistant – Major Stuart Macrae, whose book Winston Churchill's Toyshop, is still one of the few published works on this unique unit. Over the period of the Second World War, MD1 was responsible for the introduction into service of a total of 26 different devices. Their designs include the PIAT, the Sticky bomb and one of the first magnetic Limpet naval mines. Through the application of the Squash head and HEAT technology they had a role in the development and production of Lt-Col Stewart Blacker's Blacker Bombard, the PIAT (Blacker's smaller version of the bombard) matched to a hollow charge warhead, Hedgehog (effectively an adaption of the Bombard spigot mortar principle working with the Navy's Directorate of Miscellaneous Weapons Development) and tank variants including the AVRE with its "Flying Dustbin" 290mm Petard spigot mortar, and a bridge-laying tank. Jefferis developed the idea of the squash head further. His most ambitious project was a bomb designed to sink capital ships, his ideas were put forward by himself and Lord Cherwell in 1944 and coincided with the Admiralty's interest in developing a homing bomb for use against the Japanese. The development of this weapon was supported by the Air Staff and MAP who allocated it a higher priority that any other anti-capital ship weapon. When the war ended, development of the 'Cherwell-Jefferis' bomb was continued under the code names Journey's End and Blue Boar. Prime Minister Churchill became acquainted with then Jefferis in 1940 and regarded him as a "singularly capable and forceful man." He recommended a promotion to lieutenant colonel so that Jefferis would have more authority. Jefferis received substantive promotion to this rank on 10 February 1944. Jefferis was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Churchill in the 1945 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours, having previously been appointed a Commander of the Order (CBE). He was promoted to acting major general on 15 May 1945, and substantive colonel on 14 July 1945. He left the Ministry of Supply on 20 November 1945, reverting to the temporary rank of brigadier. Later career In 1945, Jefferis became deputy Engineer-in-Chief in India and 1947 he became Engineer-in-Chief in Pakistan, holding the temporary rank of major general. He was promoted to substantive brigadier on 1 November 1947, and returned to England on 2 January 1950 to become Chief Superintendent of the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment, reverting to the rank of brigadier on 8 March 1950. He was made ADC to the King on 24 May 1951 and held that appointment until he retired on 18 August 1953, on his retirement he was granted the honorary rank of major-general. As an ADC, Jefferis took part in King George VI's funeral, and Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Procession He died on 5 September 1963. Ocean racing Jefferis had a passion for ocean racing. In 1938, he built a 7-ton yacht at Aldershot called Prelude with another Royal Engineer officer and they sailed successfully both before and after the war. References Bibliography Further reading Category:1899 births Category:1963 deaths Category:British Army generals Category:British Indian Army officers Category:British Army personnel of World War II Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Category:People educated at Tonbridge School Category:Cornish people Category:Recipients of the Military Cross Category:Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway) Category:Royal Engineers officers Category:Weapon designers

Francis Brinkley (30 December 1841 – 12 October 1912) was an Anglo-Irish newspaper owner, editor and scholar who resided in Meiji period Japan for over 40 years, where he was the author of numerous books on Japanese culture, art and architecture and an English-Japanese Dictionary. He was also known as Frank Brinkley or as Captain Francis Brinkley and was the great uncle of Cyril Connolly. Early life In 1841, Frank Brinkley was born at Parsonstown House, Co. Meath, the thirteenth and youngest child of Matthew Brinkley (1797–1855) J.P., of Parsonstown and his wife Harriet Graves (1800–1855). His paternal grandfather, John Brinkley, was the last Bishop of Cloyne and the first Royal Astronomer of Ireland, while his maternal grandfather, Richard Graves, was also a Senior Fellow of Trinity College and the Dean of Ardagh. One of Brinkley's sisters, Jane (Brinkley) Vernon of Clontarf Castle, was the grandmother of Cyril Connolly. Another sister, Anna, became the Dowager Countess of Kingston after the death of her first husband, James King, 5th Earl of Kingston and was the last person to live at Mitchelstown Castle. Through his mother's family Brinkley was related to Richard Francis Burton, a distinguished linguist who shared Brinkley's passion for foreign culture. Brinkley went to Royal School Dungannon before entering Trinity College, where he received the highest records in mathematics and classics. After graduating he chose upon a military career and was subsequently accepted at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, becoming an artillery officer. In this capacity his cousin, Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell the 6th Governor of Hong Kong (1866–1872), invited him out to the east to serve as his Aide-de-camp and Adjutant. In 1866, on his way to Hong Kong, Brinkley visited Nagasaki and witnessed a duel between two samurai warriors. Once the victor had slain his opponent he immediately covered him in his haori and "knelt down with hands clasped in prayer". It is said that Brinkley was so impressed by the conduct of the Japanese warrior that this enticed him to live in Japan permanently. Life in Japan In 1867 Captain Brinkley returned to Japan, never again to return home. Attached to the British-Japanese Legation, and still an officer in the Royal Artillery, he was assistant military attache to the Japanese Embassy. He resigned his commission in 1871 to take up the post of foreign advisor to the new Meiji government, and taught artillery techniques to the new Imperial Japanese Navy at the Naval Gunnery School. He mastered the Japanese language soon after his arrival, and both spoke and wrote it well. In 1878 he was invited to teach mathematics at the Imperial College of Engineering, which later became part of Tokyo Imperial University, remaining in this post for two and a half years. In the same year he married Yasuko Tanaka, a daughter of a former samurai from the Mito clan. Interracial marriages could be registered under Japanese law from 1873. Brinkley sought but was refused permission by the British Legation to register his marriage in order that his wife would have undisputed claim to British nationality (she forfeited her Japanese nationality by marrying him). He fought this refusal and eventually succeeded by appealing to the British judiciary, with the help of some influential friends. They were the parents of two daughters and a son named Jack Ronald Brinkley (1887–1964). In 1881 until his death he owned and edited the Japan Mail newspaper (later merged with the Japan Times), receiving financial support from the Japanese government and consequently maintaining a pro-Japanese stance. The newspaper was perhaps the most influential and widely read English language newspaper in the far East. After the First Sino-Japanese War Brinkley became the Tokyo-based correspondent for The Times of London, and gained fame for his dispatches during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure by Emperor Meiji for his contributions to better Anglo-Japanese relations. He was also an adviser to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Japan's largest shipping line. F.A. MacKenzie, a prominent English journalist, wrote: Captain Brinkley's great knowledge of Japanese life and language is admitted and admired by all. His independence of judgment is, however, weakened by his close official connection with the Japanese Government and by his personal interest in Japanese industry. His journal is regarded generally as a government mouth-piece, and he has succeeded in making himself a more vigorous advocate of the Japanese claims than even the Japanese themselves. It can safely be forecasted that whenever a dispute arises between Japanese and British interests, Captain Brinkley and his journal will play the part, through thick and thin, of defenders of the Japanese. Brinkley's last dispatch to The Times was written from his deathbed in 1912, reporting on a seppuku: Emperor Meiji had recently died and to show fealty to the deceased emperor, General Nogi Maresuke together with his wife committed hara-kiri. Private life Frank Brinkley had many hobbies which included gardening, collecting Japanese art and pottery, cricket, tennis, horse riding and hunting. Part of his significant collection of art and pottery was donated to various museums around the world, but the most part was reduced to rubble and ash after the Great Tokyo earthquake and World War II. He wrote books for English beginners interested in the Japanese language, and his grammar books and English-Japanese Dictionary (compiled with Fumio Nanjo and Yukichika Iwasaki) were regarded as the definitive books on the subject for those studying English in the latter half of the Meiji period. He wrote much on Japanese history and Japanese art. His book A History of the Japanese People, which was published after his death by The Times in 1915, covered Japanese history, fine arts and literature from the origins of the Japanese race up until the latter half of the Meiji period. Death In 1912, at the age of 71 and one month after General Nogi's death, Francis Brinkley died. At his funeral, the mourners included the Speaker of the House of Peers, Tokugawa Iesato, the Minister of the Navy Saitō Makoto, and the Foreign Minister Uchida Kosai. He is buried in the foreign section of the Aoyama Reien cemetery in central Tokyo. After his death Ernest Satow wrote of Brinkley to Frederick Victor Dickins on 21 November 1912: "I have not seen any fuller memoir of Brinkley than what appeared in "The Times". As you perhaps know I did not trust him. Who wrote "The Times" notice I cannot imagine. As you say, it was the work of an ignorant person." On his death bed Frank Brinkley had told his son, Jack, of an episode that occurred during the Russo-Japanese War. After the Japanese had defeated the Russians at the Battle of Mukden, the Chief of the General Staff, Kodama Gentarō, rushed home in secret to urge the Japanese Government to conclude a treaty with Russia. At the time it was a hugely consequential secret and yet he confided this national secret to Brinkley, the foreign correspondent of The Times, demonstrating the utmost confidence in which the Chief of the General Staff held Brinkley. Publications Brinkley's published works include: Japan and China subtitled Their History Arts and Literature (1901) J. B. Millet Company, Boston and Tokyo. Twelve volumes: Eight on Japan, four on China. Earliest print runs by publisher are the Marquis Ito edition (160 numbered registered sets) and Artists Edition (500 numbered registered sets). A History of the Japanese people(1915) Unabridged Japanese-English Dictionary' various articles on Japan in encyclopedias. See also Jinzō Matsumura Notes References Hoare, James E. (1999). "Captain Francis Brinkley (1841–1912): Yatoi, Scholar and Apologist" in Britain & Japan: Biographical Portraits,'' Vol. III (edited by James E. Hoare). London, Japan Library, 1999. External links Francis Brinkley Category:1841 births Category:1912 deaths Category:19th-century Irish people Category:Anglo-Irish people Category:British Japanologists Category:Irish Anglicans Category:Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan Category:British expatriates in Japan Category:Foreign educators in Japan Category:University of Tokyo faculty Category:Literary critics of English Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure Category:Irish journalists Category:Historians of Japan Category:Irish emigrants to Japan Category:Irish lexicographers Category:People educated at the Royal School Dungannon Category:War correspondents of the Russo-Japanese War

The teaching philosophy of a candidate for an academic position is a written statement of the candidate's general personal views on teaching. Colleges and universities that advertise a position whose duties require teaching often require the applicant to submit a teaching philosophy with the application. The philosophy statement often attempts to express what methods of teaching the candidate practices. Category:Philosophy of education Category:Teaching Category:Education theory

Getge Sara (, also Romanized as Getge Sarā; also known as Gatgesar, Gatkah Sarāi, Gatkasarā, Gatka-Saray, Gotag Sarā, and Kangeh Sarāy) is a village in Khaleh Sara Rural District, Asalem District, Talesh County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 576, in 134 families. References Category:Populated places in Talesh County

Horace Horton (October 9, 1823 – February 18, 1902) was a Canadian insurance agent and political figure. He represented Huron Centre in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1878 as a Liberal member. He was born in Stalisfield, Kent, England, the son of Henry Horton, came to Upper Canada with his family in 1831 and was educated in Goderich. He married Hannah, the daughter of Robert Gibbons. He was mayor of Goderich from 1872 to 1874. Horton resigned in October 1878 to accept a post in the office of the Auditor General. External links The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1877 CH Mackintosh Category:1823 births Category:1912 deaths Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Category:Mayors of places in Ontario

WSUX may refer to: WSUX (AM), a radio station (1280 AM) licensed to serve Seaford, Delaware, United States WICO-FM, a radio station (101.1 FM) licensed to serve Snow Hill, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WSUX-FM from 2016 to 2017

Joy as an Act of Resistance. is the second studio album by English band Idles, released on 31 August 2018 by Partisan Records. The album placed at number 5 on the UK Albums Chart, on 7 September 2018. Production and composition The band started recording the album in 2017. Singer Joseph Talbot stated "This album is an attempt to be vulnerable to our audience and to encourage vulnerability; a brave naked smile in this shitty new world." According to Talbot "lots of songs got scrapped because there was this pressure, which we were carrying but not talking about. We were trying to sustain the success of 'Brutalism', to basically remake it. So we kind of scrapped all the songs and talked about why we weren't enjoying writing it." The album was produced by Space and mixed by Adam Greenspan and Nick Launay. The album's cover art features a photograph of a fight at a wedding in 1968 that Talbot saw on Instagram. Lyrics The album's lyrics deal with toxic masculinity, love, self-love, immigration, Brexit, and class. "June" deals with the death in childbirth of his daughter Agatha. It also includes a cover version of the Solomon Burke hit "Cry To Me". Bob Boilen, writing for NPR, sat down with singer Joe Talbot for a track by track analysis of the album where Talbot described why he chose to write about his troubled past, the inseparability of the human portrait and political song, love, the death of his stillborn daughter and what it means to call oneself a parent, toxic masculinity, Brexit, his hate of tabloid journalism and more. Boilen stated that "The stories on Joy As An Act Of Resistance are taken from real life: a humane look at immigration through singer Joe Talbot's friend Danny Nedelko; the "importance of grieving parents' right to call themselves mothers and fathers"; the "horrid corners" of Joe Talbot's past all the while celebrating human flaws and professing love with a deep urgency." And that "Joy As An Act Of Resistance is a thoughtful attempt at loving one's self while also understanding the importance of community and trust." Promotion and release Four of the album's tracks were made available for download prior to its release: "Colossus", "Danny Nedelko" (named after Talbot's friend of the same name and singer with Heavy Lungs), "Samaritans", and "Great". To promote the album, the band announced a world tour taking in Japan, North America, and Europe. The day before the album's release, an art exhibition in London opened, displaying and selling artworks inspired by the album, with the proceeds going to the charity Samaritans. An interview with Talbot aired on ITV News at Ten, discussing the album. Commercial performance On December 20th 2019, over 1 year after its release, Joy as an Act of Resistance was certified Silver by the BPI for selling 60,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Reception Jordan Bassett, reviewing the album for NME, awarded the album five stars, calling it "an instant classic". Dave Simpson, for The Guardian gave it four stars, describing it as "11 songs of focused, cathartic rage, rooted in their own experiences", and calling Idles "Britain’s most necessary band". Mark Beaumont of The Independent also gave it four stars. Dom Gourlay, for Drowned in Sound, called it "one of 2018's most eagerly anticipated releases", awarding it a score of 9 out of 10, and going on to say that it is "everything anyone could have wanted or expected it to be: Idles have released the most relevant and at times gut wrenching album of the year." Classic Rock magazine gave it the same score, calling it "a heart-breaking but jubilant exploration of joy, honesty, fragility and expression as our most powerful means of human resistance". Ged Babey, writing for Louder Than War called it "One of the most inspiring albums I have heard for a long, long time. Punk Rock reinvented and not wearing a mask of masculinity or yoke of tradition, but a wicked smile and its broken heart exposed but still beating in its chest. Punk rock which instead of calling for Anarchy and saying I Don’t Care is shouting UNITY! and LOVE IS ALL." Jake Kennedy, for Record Collector, gave it four stars, calling it "an album that manages to combine grief, self-loathing and a realisation that life’s better played honest, with a fine-tuned, brutal sound: something like bent sheet metal being hammered straight." Ava Muir from Exclaim! applauded the album, saying, "IDLES turn trauma and anger into affirming lessons on Joy As an Act of Resistance, crafting a cathartic masterpiece that wears its heart — broken, but still beating — on its sleeve." Ryan Drever, for The Skinny, gave it three stars, stating that "many of these songs raise some serious hell", but viewed the tracks as too similar. PopMatters' Paul Carr gave it 9/10, commenting on what he saw as "a profound sense of joy on the album". In the review for AllMusic, Liam Martin concluded that "Overall, Joy as an Act of Resistance manages to plumb new depths for Idles — that they've achieved another record in such a short space of time is admirable, let alone one that shines head and shoulders over the majority of their peers — and it certainly upholds their status as one of the U.K.'s most exciting new acts." Accolades Track listing Personnel Idles Joe Talbot – lead vocals Mark Bowen – guitar Lee Kiernan – guitar Adam Devonshire – bass Jon Beavis – drums Production Space – producer Nick Launay – mixing Adam 'Atom' Greenspan – mixing Charts References Category:2018 albums Category:Partisan Records albums Category:Idles (band) albums Category:Albums by English artists

Dora Honnywill (née Neve, 17 December 1870 – 18 March 1959) was a British archer who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. She was born in Benenden. Honnywill competed at the 1908 Games in the only archery event open to women, the double National round competition. She took fifth place in the event with 587 points. References profile Category:1870 births Category:1959 deaths Category:British female archers Category:Olympic archers of Great Britain Category:Archers at the 1908 Summer Olympics

TV2 is a Malaysian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by the Radio Television Malaysia, a division of the Malaysian Government. TV2 is now broadcasting 24 hours a day since 3 April 2006. History RTM TV2 began operations on 17 November 1969, when Televisyen Malaysia (currently known as TV1) bifurcated into two channels. It offers local and international entertainment programs, films and dramas. Some elements such as sex and violence are censored or edited out as RTM is one of the government departments. On 1 April 2019, TV2 has started its HDTV broadcasting in conjunction of RTM's 73rd anniversary, and available exclusively through myFreeview DTT service on channel 102. Viewers are advised to turn the decoder on standby mode or rescan to receive the changes. Before August 2004, TV2 used to be RTM's only English channel. The former slogan used before August 2004 was "The Golden Channel". In 1994, RTM saw the need for the Malay-market demand and in December 1994, TV2 began broadcasting Malay programming bit by bit when "Berita Tengah Malam" (Midnight News, in Malay), began airing on 27 December 1994 but from the start of 1996, the late news bulletin moved to TV1, leaving only news in English, Mandarin and Tamil to TV2. However, more children's programming in Malay meant for weekends, premiered in 1996, followed by more Malay dramas during primetime (immediately after the English news programme, News On Two), in September 1996, thus saw the return of Malay-language programming to this channel. More Malay programming were introduced even further, especially for drama, children's programmes and variety until RTM restructured all the RTM television stations in 2003, with the English news programme, "News On 1" debuted on TV1 in September that year and all kinds of local programming (drama, documentaries, current affairs and Islamic-related) in Mandarin, English and Tamil, moved to TV1 and more Malay dramas, variety and all kinds of entertainment programming moved to TV2, but the news in Mandarin and Tamil, remained on TV2 and shifted to primetime slots. The restructure was only short lived but certain programming in English remained on TV1 until 2007. In 2004, TV2's slogan was changed from English to Malay, which resulted in a new slogan: "Saluran Famili Anda". Since 3 April 2006, this channel began to broadcast 24 hours a day, offering more programmes for viewers who stay up late to watch television. Its sister channel, TV1 followed suit more than 6 years later on 21 August 2012. On 1 January 2009, RTM television stations were once again restructured by Dato' Ahmad Shabery Cheek the then Information Minister. TV2 got a new slogan: Dunia Ria (means Happy World in Malay). TV Pendidikan programmes were aired on Wednesdays and Thursdays through this channel while TV1 aired TV Pendidikan on Mondays and Tuesdays from 1972 to 1987, From 1988 to 1999, all TV Pendidikan programmes were aired only on TV2. Until 1991, TV2 only broadcast in the early evenings, particularly at 4:50pm from Mondays to Thursdays and slightly earlier in the afternoons at 1:50pm from Fridays to Sundays. In 1992, a morning broadcast was introduced from Fridays to Sundays. Later in 2000, TV2 is the last channel in Malaysia to launch daytime transmissions by opening at midday except Friday and the weekends, where they startup in the morning. From 2 September 2002, they opened its broadcasts at 9am daily, then signed-on at 6am daily in 2005 and later commenced 24-hour transmissions since April 2006. TV1, TV2, TVi (now as TV OKEY) and the radio stations under Radio Televisyen Malaysia broadcasts from their headquarters in Angkasapuri, Kuala Lumpur. TV2 is also available on Astro channel 102 (formerly Channel 6, then channel 2). TV2 available over the RTMi test DVB-T transmission over 658mHz [CH44];MHz, SID 2. As of 1 January 2007, it is also available over a test DMB-T/H transmission on Band III. TV2 is also available in neighbouring countries such as, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Southern Thailand and Indonesia, as well as some parts of Mindanao in the Philippines via terrestrial spillover but the signal is mostly weaker or stronger and on Singtel TV. TV2 is the only free-to-air channel in Malaysia that offers Tamil and Hindi programming for the Indian community in Malaysia. A daily news bulletin in Tamil, Berita Tamil, broadcasts nightly at 7:30pm. Slogans Saluran Dunia Anda (Your World Channel) (1969 - 1989) Saluran Emas (The Golden Channel) (1990 - 2004) Saluran Famili Anda (Your Family Channel) (1 August 2004 - 31 December 2008) Dunia Ria (A Happy World) (1 January 2009 - Present) Criticism In 2007, this channel has been criticised for not airing most of the F1 events (only 7 out of the 17 races live, the rest are delayed telecast). Many viewers are upset that RTM is not serious about the coverage and feel that the telecast rights should be given back to private TV stations. See also List of Malaysian television stations Radio Televisyen Malaysia TV1 TV Okey RTM HD Sports One News References External links Category:Television stations in Malaysia Category:Television channels and stations established in 1969

This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1993 to 1996. Half of the state senators had been elected at the March 1990 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1996; the other half of the state senators were elected at the March 1993 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1999. The territory senators were elected at the March 1993 election and their terms ended at the next federal election, which was March 1996. See also Australian House of Representatives Australian electoral system Notes References Category:Members of Australian parliaments by term Category:20th-century Australian politicians Category:Australian Senate lists

Gus-Khrustalny (masculine), Gus-Khrustalnaya (feminine), or Gus-Khrustalnoye (neuter) may refer to: Gus-Khrustalny District, a district of Vladimir Oblast, Russia Gus-Khrustalny (town), a town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia Gus-Khrustalny Urban Okrug, the municipal formation this town is incorporated as

Franco Fanti (21 March 1924 – 20 September 2007) was an Italian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1948 Summer Olympics. References Category:1924 births Category:2007 deaths Category:Italian male cyclists Category:Olympic cyclists of Italy Category:Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Lombardy

Events in the year 2018 in Eritrea. Incumbents President: Isaias Afewerki Events 8 to 9 July – The 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit took place in Asmara, between Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and officials from the two countries. Sports 9 to 25 February – Eritrea participated at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, with 1 competitor in 1 sport; this was the first time Eritrea took part in the Winter Olympics. Deaths 24 May – Tsehaytu Beraki, musician, poet and political activist (b. 1939). References Category:2010s in Eritrea Category:Years of the 21st century in Eritrea Eritrea Eritrea

Cacocum is a municipality and town in the Holguín Province of Cuba. Overview It is located south of the city of Holguín and east of the Frank País International Airport towards the city of Bayamo on the Carretera Central Highway. The area includes extremely flat ground stretching south to the municipality's boundaries with Granma Province. Its territory is bounded on the west by Las Tunas Province, and on the east with the Báguanos municipality, its nearest neighbor. Carretera Central and the Central Railroad pass near the Cacocum townsite, the most populated settlement of this municipality. Two local sugar mills, called Antonio Maceo and Cristino Naranjo represent Cacocum's main economic activity. Demographics In 2004, the municipality of Cacocum had a population of 42,623. With a total area of , it has a population density of . See also List of cities in Cuba Municipalities of Cuba References External links Category:Populated places in Holguín Province

Wa ( , also waa or wah, abbreviated ) is a unit of length, equal to two metres (2 m) or four sok (.) Wa as a verb means to outstretch (one's) arms to both sides, which relates to the fathom's distance between the fingertips of a man's outstretched arms. The 1833 Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, reads, "[The] Siamese fathom...being computed to contain 78 English or American inches, corresponding to 96 Siamese inches." The length then would have been equivalent to a modern 1.981 metres. Since conversion to the metric system in 1923, the length as derived from the metre is precisely two metres, but the unit is neither part of nor recognized by the modern International metric system (SI). Wa also occurs as a colloquialism for "square wa" (tarang wa) a unit of area abbreviated or .) As with many terms normally written in the Thai alphabet, romanization of Thai causes spelling variants such as waa and wah. See also Thai units of measurement Orders of magnitude (area) for a comparison with other lengths References External links Area metric conversion, British and U.S., Japanese, Chinese, Thai, old French, others. Category:Units of length Category:Human-based units of measurement Category:Thai words and phrases

The Union of German Railway Administrations () or VDEV emerged in 1847 from the Association of Prussian Railways (Verband der preußischen Eisenbahnen), which had been founded on 10 November 1846 by the ten Prussian railway administrations in order to simplify the standardisation of resources, equipment and regulations between the individual administrations. From 1932 it operated under the name of the Union of Central European Railway Administrations (Verein Mitteleuropäischer Eisenbahnverwaltungen) or VMEV. Category:Defunct railway companies of Germany Category:Transport in Prussia

Tillandsia biflora is a species in the genus Tillandsia. This species is native to Panama, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Ecuador. References biflora Category:Flora of South America Category:Flora of Central America Category:Plants described in 1802

Józef Dąbrowski (January 27, 1842 – February 15, 1903) was a Polish Catholic priest. Always the champion of authority, his counsel was ever gentle and calm. He was simple, quiet, and retiring, and entirely devoted to the promotion of God's glory and the welfare of his fellowmen. Early life and ordination Born at Zoltance, Russian Poland, he studied at the Gymnasium of Lublin and at the University of Warsaw. During the Polish January Uprising of 1863 he participated in many engagements, and in 1864 fled to Dresden; thence to Lucerne and Berne where he continued his studies in mathematics. Going to Rome, because of his anti-Russian political activities, he came under the direction of the famous Resurrectionist, Father Peter Semenenko, and was ordained priest in Rome on 1 August 1869. Pastoral work in America In 1870 he went to Wisconsin in America to do pastoral work among Polish Americans, and in a letter dated 22 Jan., from St. Francis Seminary in the Milwaukee suburb of St. Francis, Wisconsin, to Father Semenenko he betrays a remarkable grasp of the demoralized conditions among the Poles in the United States, of whom he had actually seen so little. SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary He founded the SS. Cyril and Methodius Seminary Seminary of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Detroit (1887), becoming its first rector. Schools of higher education He urged the Resurrectionists to come to Chicago or Milwaukee and there establish schools of higher education whence they might send out missionaries to the scattered Poles. In 1870 he was appointed pastor of Polonia, Wisconsin, where for five years he fought against the unfortunate conditions existing in one of the oldest Polish communities in the United States. Erection of new parish buildings Unable to close the demoralizing inns about the church he obtained by gift from an Irishman 20 acres (81,000 m²) of land for the erection of new parish buildings and abandoned the old site. In 1879 the rectory was destroyed by fire and in 1880 fire totally destroyed the church and the new rectory. Undismayed, Father Dabrowski rebuilt all. In 1882 failing health forced him to resign and leave for Detroit, Michigan. In 1874 he introduced into the United States the Felician Sisters from Kraków, whose community multiplied its branches throughout the country, welcoming the immigrants, teaching thousands of Polish children, and caring for a multitude of Polish orphans and working girls. Polish seminary At the suggestion of Cardinal Ledóchowski, who was unable to meet the constant appeals of American bishops for Polish priests and ecclesiastical students, Father Leopold Moczygemba, a Franciscan who had laboured in America and was then penitentiary of St. Peter's, Rome, went, with papal approval, to America and collected funds ($8000) for a Polish seminary. Being advanced in years Father Moczygemba felt unable to prosecute the work with vigour, and entrusted the task to Father Dabrowski. The latter began the building of the seminary in 1884, and on 24 July 1885, Bishop Stephen V. Ryan of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo in the presence of Bishop Borgess of Detroit blessed the cornerstone. The seminary was opened in 1887, and for nineteen years Father Dabrowski was its rector. In 1902 it was enlarged, and in 1909 was removed to Orchard Lake, Michigan. Death A few days before his death Father Dabrowski was compelled to expel from the seminary twenty-nine students for open rebellion. On 9 Feb., 1903, he suffered a paralytic stroke and died, grieved by the ingratitude of those whom he had served so nobly and so long. He died at Detroit, February 15, 1903. Notes Category:1842 births Category:1903 deaths Category:People from Oakland County, Michigan Category:People from Portage County, Wisconsin Category:Polish Roman Catholic priests Category:Polish emigrants to the United States Category:19th-century Roman Catholic priests

Dr. Robert Dalley-Scarlett (16 April 1887 – 31 July 1959) was an Australian organist, choirmaster, composer and musicologist. History Dalley-Scarlett was born Robert Scarlett in Darlinghurst, New South Wales, a son of Robert Campbell Scarlett and his wife Emily Florence Scarlett, née Hancock. The name "Dalley" was added in tribute to his godfather, William Bede Dalley and hyphenated later. He was educated at the Superior Public School, Grafton and Sydney Grammar School and studied piano under S. (Sydney) Gordon Lavers (c. 1865–1940) and organ under Arthur J. Mason, organist of St James' Church, Sydney 1898–1907, City Organist 1901–1907, and music correspondent for The Sydney Morning Herald. After several years taking occasional positions as church organist, he was in 1912 appointed organist and choral conductor to Christ Church Anglican Cathedral, Grafton. He married Gertrude Alice Peir (1886–1970) in Sydney in 1909; they had two sons. He enlisted with the 1st AIF on 5 May 1916, was gassed in France, transferred to the Pay Corps, London, in February 1917, and returned to Australia where he was honorably discharged in December 1917. While in London, he studied church music under Sir J. Frederick Bridge and Sir Richard Terry. On his return to Australia, he was offered the post of organist and choirmaster of St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Brisbane, succeeding Victor Galway. His wife refused to leave Sydney and their marriage would later be annulled. He matriculated in Brisbane in 1920, and enrolled as an external student with the Elder Conservatorium, University of Adelaide, where he completed his Mus. Bac. degree in 1926 and Mus. Doc. in 1934, the first Queensland musician to be so qualified. Dalley-Scarlett served with St. Andrew's Church from 1919 to 1932. He also conducted: South Brisbane City Choir 1920–1925. The University of Queensland Musical Society 1920–1930 and 1938–1941. The University choir gave a Bach festival in 1930. The Valley Methodist Church choir 1932–1934 All Saints' Church choir 1934–1941 He founded and conducted the Brisbane Handel Society 1932–1959. They performed at Handel festivals in 1933 and 1934, and broadcast all his oratorios between 1934 and 1942. They gave annual unabridged, historically accurate, performances of Messiah in the 1950s. He gained further qualifications and distinctions: Licentiate of the Associated Boards, 1922 Licentiate of Music (Australia), 1924 Fellow of Trinity College, London, 1924 He was a founding member of the Music Teachers' Association of Queensland, and its president in 1935. He was an active member of Queensland University's Music Advisory Board 1924–1937. He was a founder of the Queensland Guild of Composers, and their president 1940–1953. He privately taught piano, organ, singing, harmony and composition until 1941; his pupils included Hugh Brandon and Herbert Cannon. From 1941 to 1955 Dalley-Scarlett was employed full time by the Australian Broadcasting Commission as music presentation officer, producing many broadcasts himself with the ABC Brisbane Singers. One programme, of English coronation music, was in 1953 broadcast world-wide by the British Broadcasting Corporation. Dalley-Scarlett made a programme of recordings to celebrate Queen Elizabeth II's coronation, collaborating with his Adelaide counterpart Norman Chinner. He died at his home of a heart attack and was cremated. Compositions Dalley-Scarlett was a prolific composer; many of his 300 works were broadcast or performed locally, although few were published. Scholarship Dalley-Scarlett amassed a valuable library of some 5,000 items, including nearly 150 priceless first editions of George Frideric Handel and other eighteenth-century composers, which he used to inform his arrangements, now held by the Fisher Library, University of Sydney. He was a prolific writer for musical journals, and acted as music critic for the Australian Musical News 1934–1937 and the Brisbane Courier Mail 1945–1946 and 1952–1959, but his most lasting literary contributions were the article on Australia for Grove's Dictionary (5th edition) and an article on eighteenth century performance entitled Handel's 'Messiah': How Can We Realise the Composer's Intentions? Recognition A triennial scholarship dedicated to his memory was inaugurated by the University of Queensland. Family Dalley-Scarlett married Gertrude Alice Peir (1886–1970) in Sydney on 8 September 1909. They had two sons: Grahame Yorke Dalley-Scarlett (born 8 July 1910) married Joyce Melville in 1939 Hubert St. Pierre Bach Scarlett (born 29 March 1914) was appointed Sergeant-at-Arms of the Legislative Council in 1954. They separated when he moved to Brisbane; the marriage was annulled in 1930. He married again on 11 March 1930, to singer and music copyist Joyce Buckham. He had no further children. References Category:1887 births Category:1959 deaths Category:Australian classical composers Category:Australian organists Category:Male organists Category:Australian conductors (music) Category:Australian choral conductors Category:Australian music educators Category:20th-century organists Category:20th-century conductors (music) Category:20th-century Australian male musicians

William "Willie" Rollo Jr. was a Scottish-born South African academic. History He was born in 1892 in Glasgow and graduated from the University of Glasgow with an MA in classics in 1915. After the war he completed his DLitt in linguistics at Leiden University. His thesis was on the Marquina dialect of the Basque language. He immigrated to South Africa in 1925, where he was professor of classics, then Head of the Classics Department and Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Cape Town until 1953, when he was invited to take up the post of interim principal of the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, now the University of Zimbabwe. Rollo was a skilled linguist. During the Second World War he taught himself Japanese so he could teach the rudiments of the language to South African pilots who were going to fight in the Far East. Death He died in 1960 in Grahamstown, while teaching classics at Rhodes University. References Category:Heads of universities and colleges in Zimbabwe Category:University of Cape Town academics Category:Scottish classical scholars Category:South African classical scholars Category:1892 births Category:1960 deaths Category:British emigrants to Rhodesia Category:Rhodesian emigrants to South Africa Category:Rhodes University academics Category:University of Zimbabwe faculty

Djurs Sommerland () is an amusement park located in Djursland, Denmark, just north of the village of Nimtofte, 23 kilometers west of Grenaa, and 36 kilometers east of Randers. The park opened in 1981, and it has progressively expanded every year since then. The park is, as suggested in the name, predominantly open in the summer, with the recent addition of special Halloween opening days in October. The season begins around May and lasts until mid-October. Djurs Sommerland has had around 800,000 annual visitors in recent years, making the park the fifth largest tourist attraction in Denmark. History This park was established by the hotelier Børge Godsk Jensen and music agent Ole B. Nielsen. They chose the popular vacation spot of Jylland as location for the park (some of Denmark's best beaches are located nearby). The park has grown in popularity over the years and has added many rides since opening. The park is now operated by Ole's sons Henrik and Michael. A new attraction, Piraten, was opened in 2008. It is the fastest roller coaster in Denmark (tied with DrageKongen and Juvelen, from Djurs Sommerland too), and the tallest also. Its top speed is 90 km/h and maximum height above ground is at 31 meters. Immediately after opening, the coaster was chosen as the fifth best roller coaster in the world. The current CEO of the park is Henrik B. Nielsen. The park The park is divided into 8 areas; all are included in the admission price: Sommerland is the park's original area that opened in 1981; over the years many of its rides have been removed while others have been added. The main attractions are: Ørnen and Colorado River. Bondegårdsland is the new area with 10 new rides themed after life at a farm. The rides are for the whole family including the smallest children. Afrikaland was opened in 1993. Here, the intrepid traveller can venture on an adventurous journey on a river surrounded by a jungle that is meant to resemble Africa. Westernland has a replica of an old Texas Wild West town where cowboys roam the streets; there is also a play area where kids can play Indians. The main attraction in this land is the Rio Grande Rafting. Mexicoland has a miniature golf course. The main attraction is the double-launch coaster Juvelen. Piratland opened in 2008. It has a pirate theme and three of the park's most exciting rides: Piraten, Skatteøen and The Piranha. Vandland is a water park that opened in 1986 and was the first of its kind in Denmark at the time. Vikingeland Roller coasters Water rides Colorado River - a log flume ride that opened in 1991, located in Sommerland. A themed river adventure on a 370 meter long course that has 3 drops the highest of which is 11 meters tall. Interlink. Piratfisken - a log flume ride that opened in 2009, located in Piratland. A family-style ride that is 150 meters long and ends in a 5 meter tall drop. ABC Rides. Rio Grande Rafting - river rapids ride that opened in 1998, located in Westernland. A 6-passenger raft that travels a 500 m long course with a tunnel, water effects and an Indian village on the way. Interlink. Family rides Andedammen - join the duck family for a relaxing tour around the pond. Bondegårdskarrusellen - join all the animals of the farm in this merry-go-round. Buffalo Bumper Cars - bumper cars that opened in 2012 in Westernland. Bertazzon. Den Vilde Hønsejagt - chase the hens with the fox in a roller coaster. Det Gamle Vandtårn - a 12-meter high tower with a free fall. Det Nye Vandtårn - help the farmer check if the new tower has been painted before the free fall. Det Skøre Kompas - Rockin' Tug Kontiki in Piratland. Zierer. Djurs Expressen - railroad journey in Sommerland. Drageskibet - pirate ship ride in Vikingeland. Edderkoppenettet - climbing zone of ropes in Sommerland. Family bicycles - bicycling course in Sommerland. Frøerne - jump along with crazy frogs. Gold-diggers - pan for gold in Westernland. Hottentot Karrusellen - Himalayan ride that is located in Afrikaland. Mack Rides. Jungle Safari - scenic boat ride through Afrikaland. Mack Rides. Junglesti - obstacle zone in Afrikaland. Kannibal Gryderne - spinning cups in Afrikaland. Mack Rides. Klatrebjerget - climbing mountain and slide in Sommarland. Kornmøllen - ride the bikes and help the farmer grind his harvest. Milkshakeren - join the cows in the barn on this spinning and shaken ride, where milk is turned into milkshake. Mexicana Golf - mini golf in Mexicoland. Piratlegeplads - play zone themed on a pirate ship in Piratland. Rodeotyrene - the bulls are chasing each other as they have bullseyes painted on their behind. Safaribussen - flat ride located in Sommerland. Solguden - flying fish ride with an Aztec theme that opened in 2012 in Mexicoland. Zierer. Søulken - New ride in 2016. Located in Piratland. Speedy Gonzales - water dinghy ride in Mexicoland. Metallbau Emmeln. Traktorerne - a ride in your own tractor in farmland. Water bikes and canoes - canoes / pedal boats on a lake in Sommerland. Must be 1.2 m tall to sail alone in the canoes. Wild West Karrusellen - wave swinger that opened in 2005 in Westernland. Zierer. Vikingetårnene - mini tower ride in Vikingeland. Kiddie rides Bouncy cushions - bouncy castles in Sommerland. Indianerland - play area with an Indian theme in Westernland. Mini Buffalo Bumper Cars - kiddie bumper cars that opened in 2012 in Westernland. Bertazzon. Pony Ekspressen - ride a mechanic horse on a track in Westernland. Sablen - an 11 m-tall tilt tower that opened in 2010 in Piratland. ABC Rides. Shooting Range - test your skills at shooting in Westernland. Soap bubbles - make your own soap bubbles in Westernland. Texas Town - playground for kids in Westernland. Trampolines - trampolines in Sommerland. Tunnel Slide - slides for the youngest kids in Sommerland. Vandland The water park Vandland opened in 1985 and is included in the admission price. Black Hole - enclosed tube ride; height limit 1.2 m. Hawaii - interactive play area for kids. Honolulu Bay - wave pool. Junior Aqua Park - play area for kids. Waikiki Surf School - six side by side slides. Water Slides - water slides; height limit 90 cm. The Wave - two-person tube halfpipe; height limit 1.4 m. Wild River - raging river tube ride; height limit none / 1.4 m alone. Other Magical Halloween in October. References External links Djurs Sommerland homepage Category:Amusement parks in Denmark Category:Tourist attractions in the Central Denmark Region Category:1981 establishments in Denmark Category:Amusement parks opened in 1981

The city and county of Swansea covers, in addition to the port city of Swansea, areas of upland to the north, and the Gower peninsula to the west. It is on Gower that the earliest Scheduled monuments are found. Three sites have evidence of habitation from the Paleolithic, a time before the last Ice Age. These include the oldest rock painting in Britain and the earliest known burial in Western Europe. There are in total 124 scheduled sites. Prehistoric sites of many sorts are found, particularly on Gower. 64 pre-historic sites are from Paleolithic to Iron Age dates, and include caves, burial mounds and tombs, cairns, defensive enclosures, hillforts and promentary forts. Roman and early medieval sites, by contrast are scarce. The post-Norman Medieval period, by contrast, has 26 sites, 17 of them castles or other defensive monuments. The other 9 are all ecclesiastical monuments. The 26 post-medieval monuments are more diverse, including industrial and maritime sites, but also leats, quarries, a mill and even an observatory and an orchid house. All of the Swansea administrative area lies within the historic county of Glamorgan. Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) have statutory protection. It is illegal to disturb the ground surface or any standing remains. The compilation of the list is undertaken by Cadw Welsh Historic Monuments, which is an executive agency of the National Assembly of Wales. The list of scheduled monuments below is supplied by Cadw with additional material from RCAHMW and Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust. Scheduled Monuments in Swansea See also List of Cadw properties List of castles in Wales List of hill forts in Wales Historic houses in Wales List of monastic houses in Wales List of museums in Wales List of Roman villas in Wales References Coflein is the online database of RCAHMW: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, GGAT is the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, Cadw is the Welsh Historic Monuments Agency Swansea Scheduled Category:Archaeological sites in Swansea

Haste is an American hardcore punk band from New Haven, Connecticut, United States. The band formed in May 2015 and played their first show at a "Piano Burning" festival held annually in Middletown, Connecticut on July 11, 2015. They have since played numerous shows around the Northeast Area including a week of shows with D.R.I in June 2016. Shortly after July 2016, the band went on a temporary hiatus due to creative differences and has since reformed with Field switching from drums to guitar, bringing in Greg Thomas (Palehorse) on drums. Their first release, Context, a 7" EP, is a self-released limited run of 300 copies and is currently available along with a self-titled cassette released through Savage Era Records, out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Members Current: Eric Hartlett (Guitar / vocals) James Field (Guitar / vocals) Greg Thomas (Drums) Past: Coy Graf (Bass / vocals) (2015-2016) Discography Context 7" EP (2016) Self-Titled Cassette - Savage Era Records (2016) References Category:Musical groups established in 2015

The Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) is a United States federal advisory panel within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It coordinates all efforts within HHS concerning autism spectrum disorder. The IACC was established in 2000, and was reauthorized and chartered as a federal advisory committee since 2006. It is subject to periodic reauthorization. Mission The IACC's primary objective is to monitor autism research and associated services and support activities throughout all federal departments and agencies, ensuring that efforts are not duplicative and that they benefit from cross-collaborative opportunities. The IACC advises the Secretary of HHS of advances in autism spectrum disorder research related to causes, prevention, treatment, early screening, diagnosis or ruling out a diagnosis; interventions, and access to services and supports for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Additional functions of the IACC are to increase public understanding of member agencies' activities and research, and to act as a public forum to discuss autism spectrum disorder-related matters. An annual update summarizing advances is submitted to Congress and the President. The annual update has been published online every year since 2007. The IACC report of 2016 activities was released in April 2017. GAO recommendations The IACC Strategic Plan is released periodically, with the newest update since 2013 expected in the fall of 2017. A November 2013 study of federal autism activities by the U.S. General Accounting Office found that better data and more coordination was needed, with specific recommendations for IACC, including annual updates of the IACC strategic plan. Samantha Crane, an IACC board member, confirmed that none of the eight objectives that the IACC identified for research on autistic adult issues were fulfilled in 2013. In 2017, the GAO noted that the IACC has not collaborated with agencies outside the Department of Health and Human Services to support research for transition-age youth with ASD. They stated "As a result, IACC may continue to miss opportunities to leverage the knowledge of other agencies." Membership and administration The Committee includes both federal and public members. Federal officials are selected from government agencies that work on autism related issues. Public members include advocates, community providers, and researchers. There are 31 IACC members, three of whom are autistic. IACC activities and associated cross-agency programs, policies and research are coordinated and managed by the Office of Autism Research Coordination (OARC). Jonathan Mitchell, an autistic advocate, has criticized the IACC's nomination process by claiming that it is too biased towards neurodiversity. He points out that seven pro-neurodiversity, anti-cure autistics were appointed. Two anti-neurodiversity pro-cure autistics were nominated but turned down. Jonathan Rose, a history professor at Drew University, agreed with his commentary that neurodiversity viewpoints are over-represented at the IACC. Member agencies IACC member agencies within HHS are: Administration for Community Living Agency for Healthcare Resources and Quality (AHRQ) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Health Resources and Services Administration National Institutes of Health (NIH) Member agencies external to HHS are the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Education. References External links Category:Autism-related organizations in the United States Category:United States Department of Health and Human Services agencies

The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis by Guido Calabresi is a work in the law and economics tradition because it provides an economic efficiency analysis of the rules of tort law. The text was initially published in 1970 by Yale University Press. Overview The central aim of tort law is not the absolute minimization of losses from individual accidents because the total accident cost of any economically fruitful activity/industry includes both the expected cost of the accidents that happen to occur and the actual costs expended in avoiding the accidents. For expenditures to prevent accidents, there must be associated levels of expected accidents and expected losses. Unfortunately, there is a serious underregistration of the most common accidents that have only a small cost per accident but may be important in the total cost of accidents. Only few studies have accurately quantified the entire cost of accidents. The whole cost at a given level of precaution is the net of the precautionary expenditures in addition to the losses accrued from the accidents that were not prevented. If the goal is to minimize the total costs of accidents, the costs of precaution should be included. References Category:1970 non-fiction books Category:Economics books Category:Law books Category:Law and economics Category:1970s non-fiction books Category:Yale University Press books

Nadezhda Ivanova-Vasilyeva (? – 1971; Cyrillic: Надежда Владимировна Иванова-Васильева) was one of several women who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. Vasilyeva first surfaced in Siberia in 1920, as she was trying to travel to China. She was arrested by the Bolshevik authorities and was imprisoned in succession at Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Leningrad, and an island gulag in the White Sea. In 1934 she was moved to a prison hospital in Kazan. She wrote letters in French and German to King George V of the United Kingdom asking him to help his "cousin" Anastasia. At one point she changed her story and said she was the daughter of a merchant from Riga. Later, she again claimed to be Anastasia. She died in an insane asylum in 1971. According to the head of the hospital in Kazan, "except for her claim that she was Anastasia, she was completely sane." See also Romanov impostors References Category:1971 deaths Category:Year of birth missing Category:Romanov impostors Category:Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia

Cirrocumulus lenticularis is a type of cirrocumulus cloud. The name cirrocumulus lenticularis is derived from Latin, meaning "like a lentil". Cirrocumulus lenticularis are smooth clouds that have the appearance of a lens or an almond. They usually form at the crests of atmospheric waves, which would otherwise be invisible. This species of cirrocumulus can often be quite elongated and normally has very distinguished boundaries. Cirrocumulus lenticularis forms when stable air is forced upward; this is usually due to orographic features, but can occur away from mountains as well. Irisation can occasionally occur with these clouds. See also Lenticular cloud List of cloud types References External links International Cloud Atlas – Cirrocumulus lenticularis Category:Cirrus Category:Cumulus

The Fear is a post-apocalyptic young adult horror novel written by Charlie Higson. The book, released by Puffin Books in the UK on 15 September 2011 and by Disney Hyperion in the US on 11 May 2010, is the third book in a planned seven-book series, titled The Enemy. The Fear takes place in London, a year after a worldwide sickness has infected adults, turning them into something akin to voracious, cannibalistic zombies. Series Puffin Books released the first novel in the series, titled The Enemy, in the UK on 3 September 2009; Disney Hyperion released it in the US on 11 May 2010. Puffin Books released the second novel in the series, titled The Dead, on 16 September 2010; the third novel, titled The Fear, on 15 September 2011; the fourth novel, The Sacrifice, on 20 September 2012; the fifth novel, The Fallen, on 12 September 2013; the sixth novel, The Hunted, on 4 September 2014; and the final book, The End, on 10 November 2015. Disney Hyperion released Higson's short story companion book in the series, titled Geeks vs. Zombies, on 5 June 2012; it portrays an exclusive scene from The Fear, on World Book Day. Summary The Fear starts a few days before Small Sam and the Kid arrive at the Tower of London, at the end of The Dead, and another few days before the events of The Enemy (with both books merging into each other near the middle). A prologue introduces a new zombie called "The Collector", a massive father who collects "toys" (kids), plays with them until they break (tortures them until they die), and eats them. He finds two children and adds them to his "collection", as described in the prologue of the book. The real story begins at the Tower, where Dognut is growing restless of his confinement and is annoyed that he has been kicked down from second in command by Ed. He plans on heading out to find Brooke and the others from the Tesco truck, whom they lost contact with during the fire of South London and The Battle of Lambeth Bridge. Although his intentions are to find everybody that went missing, he also wants to go because of the crush he has on Brooke. He discusses this with Ed (as seen in "The Dead") and he agrees with him. Dognut assembles a team consisting of Courtney (who wants to find Brooke, but also secretly has a crush on Dognut), best friends Marco and Felix (who were with Dognut at the Imperial War Museum), Finn (who is looking for old friends), Al (who is looking for his sister Maria), youngster Olivia (who is looking for her older brother Paul) and Jessica (who has recently broken up with her boyfriend Brendan). After a quick but difficult row upriver, they end up at the Houses of Parliament, where they find a girl named Nicola and her group. Nicola tells them none of their friends are at the Houses of Parliament, but lets them know about David taking residence at Buckingham Palace. The group decides to travel to the palace, thinking that their friends might be there. During the journey, the group is attacked by the 'gym bunnies', a group of zombies who, due to their good physical condition, are harder to kill; the gym bunnies corner Dognut's crew. About to go in for the kill, they are saved by a brutal group of hunters led by a boy named Ryan. Ryan's group guides Dognut's crew to the palace, where Al is reunited with Maria. David claims that he does not know where their friends are, but the group later realize he isn't all that he seems; mainly, he's lying about their friends, who are staying at the Natural History Museum. They head to the museum at night, without Al, who stays with his sister and Jessica, who is too scared to continue. As night draws closer, zombies come out in large numbers and chase the group to a house where they think kids are living, which is primarily due to Marco believing an arm sticking out of a container on a table (with an upright kids body next to it) was waving at them to come in. Instead, it turns out to be the Collector's lair, and the group encounter the large monster. They make a run for it, unaware that they've left Olivia behind. She kills herself before the Collector can get her by jumping off a high balcony to her death. The group later arrives at the Natural History Museum where they find Brooke and the others, and meet Robbie (their Head of Security), Justin (the leader), and Paul (Olivia's brother). Paul asks for Olivia, but Courtney explains that Olivia was killed by the Collector. Paul goes hysterical after learning about Olivia's death, and he becomes determined to kill the Collector. Dognut's group, Robbie, Jackson (a friend of Robbie's), Ryan's hunters, and several others from the museum all join with Paul to kill the Collector. The large group coaxes the Collector out of his lair onto the road, where they savagely beat him to death. Jackson, one of the girls from Ryan's group, ultimately finishes the job by stabbing a spear through the Collectors neck, where she also stabbed him there before, but not to the extent of killing him. Upon returning, Justin gives Dognut a tour of the place. He shows Dognut the experiments they've been carrying out to investigate the disease and to find a cure - which included taking samples from three zombies they've locked up in the Tesco lorry. Justin tells Dognut about the large number of zombies residing in the museum's basement, where the group obtains their test subjects. They have found out so far that UV light (sunlight) rapidly increases the speed of the disease, causing a sicko to die if exposed to too much sunlight (As shown with Nick in "The Enemy"). However, they've also found that sickos can build up a resistance to sunlight, through exposure to a fixed amount of sunlight each day until they are fully able to roam about in the daytime. Afterwards, Paul loses his mind and starts to threaten and blame everyone for Olivia's death. Brooke eventually calms him down, and Dognut decides to head back to the Tower first thing the following morning but is persuaded by Justin to stay longer, to write his and his group's story into a book which a bookworm named Chris (previously and originally starring in "The Dead") is writing in the library. During a chat where Dognut flirts with Brooke, she reveals that Courtney likes him (much to his surprise). Dognut talks to Courtney about this, where she explains that she thinks Brooke still has a crush on Ed, and when they return to the Tower with them, Brooke will start a romance with him. Dognut listens to Courtney and remembers what she says. At the Palace, David and Nicola meet in secret. David proposes that the two groups form an alliance - a step toward implementing his maniacal plan to take over the entirety of London. Nicola is reluctant but ends up creating a deal that involves removing the 'squatters' at St James's Park, as they pose a threat to her group at the House of Parliament. Until then, she won't officially agree to the alliance. David accepts and immediately asks Jester to go and recruit children who can fight (which reveals this to be Jester's actual mission when he is found by the Holloway kids in "The Enemy"). David also has a crush on Nicola, which she teases him about until they are interrupted. A loner named Shadowman (who has been spying on the Squatters) visits Jester in Buckingham Palace and is convinced to join the expedition to recruit fighters for the Palace. They are joined by a couple named Tom and Kate, and a boy named Alfie. Jester is initially mad of the small group that they have, and said that David only sent them "bloody civilians". The small group begin walking north until they encounter a group of zombies. They flee the zombies and end up at King's Cross Station. They fight off some zombies before Jester accidentally hits Shadowman, leaving him with a slight concussion. Jester, Alfie, Tom, and Kate abandon Shadowman, and then split into two groups with Jester and Alfie in one, and Tom and Kate in the other. Shadowman passes out, and wakes up to a huge pain in the head, and to one of the remaining grownups attempting to devour him. As the grownup cannot walk (due to broken spine) and Shadowman passes out upon standing up and at random intervals, a "nightmare version of hare and tortoise" occurs, in which the faster Shadowman crawls away from the slower grownup, but then passes out randomly, allowing the slower grownup to catch him. Finally, in a latch ditch effort, Shadowman kills the grownup using a steel rod he finds in a pile of scrap metal. He then succumbs in to his pain and tiredness, and passes out to a fight taking place between other grownups and a stronger group that takes him. Jester and Alfie find refuge in a flat, until a group of zombies find them and attempt to break in. In creating a plan of escape, Jester tricks Alfie and abandons him, escaping by himself. Alfie is then killed by the grownups, after he finds out Jester ran away. His fingers gets cut off by the window where he jumps off (not explicitly stated, but most likely by the window falling down upon him, or less likely by the axe, which is mentioned earlier, by a grownup) where he then painfully stumbles into his fate. Jester runs and discovers the Morrison's supermarket but is denied entry. He then finds the Waitrose supermarket, where he is rescued by Arran's group (described in The Enemy) and convinces them to come to the palace. Shadowman awakens and finds himself at the Emirates Stadium, being watched by Saint George's "Lieutenants" (who he nicknames Spike, Man-U, One-Armed Bandit, and Bluetooth). He learns that St. George is much smarter than the rest of the zombies, and he is creating an army in the stadium. Shadowman escapes the army of zombies when a fire lights up in the stands (most likely as part of Small Sam's escape, as told in The Enemy). Shadowman takes refuge in a nearby apartment building where he discovers boxes of weapons and food. He sees this as a sign to follow St. George's army, and to learn about them before returning to London city. While watching their movement, he sees Tom and Kate being pulled out of a house they had taken shelter in, and they get killed by St. George's army. Dozing off to sleep, Shadowman is suddenly awakened by a group of zombies that have found his hiding spot, including One-Armed Bandit. He manages to kill them all, and plans to slaughter every single one of St. George's remaining right-hand men, St. George himself, and Jester (for leaving him behind). Meanwhile, Dognut, Courtney, Marco, and Felix are still at the museum, preparing to head back to the Tower. In a sudden surge of happiness, Dognut kisses Courtney. Finn decides to stay at the museum, whilst Brooke joins the group and prepares to head back to the tower. Robbie and Jackson join the group, but only to escort them part of the way. They set off toward the Tower until they are ambushed by the 'gym bunnies' again. Dognut, Courtney, Marco and Felix are all killed whilst Jackson escapes with a wounded Robbie, and Brooke is saved by the Holloway kids (as described in The Enemy). She is taken to Buckingham Palace with the Holloway crew, and is revealed that she is the bandaged girl in the sick bay. Jester and David both fail to recognize her due to her injuries, and as in The Enemy, Brooke wakes up and tells Maxie and Blue that David is a liar. Meanwhile, Paul, who is still crazed, secretly leaves the museum for Buckingham Palace. He meets with David and Jester, who take advantage of his mental state, and tell him a fake story that everyone at the museum was plotting against him. This causes Paul to take want to take revenge on everyone who he believes he killed Olivia, and David convinces him to return to the museum and release all the zombies who are in the basement. Paul agrees and returns to the museum. Whilst Brooke and the Holloway children escape the palace (As shown in "The Enemy"), Paul kills a boy named Jamie and releases the zombies underneath the museum (revealing that he has been infected by a zombie bite all along), and Shadowman watches as Saint George's army kills Callum, burns Waitrose to the ground and marches on to the heart of the city (as seen in "The Enemy"), finally deciding to name them "The Fear". Characters The Tower of London Al - Part of the Tower crew. He was separated from his sister Maria at the battle of Lambeth Bridge and stays with her when they find her at Buckingham Palace. He is a scary fighter who carries a mace. He has a fat nose and large front teeth. Dognut refers to him, Marco, and Felix as "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"; Al is the Ugly. Courtney - Part of the Tower crew. She has a love interest in Dognut and is killed in the final battle with the 'gym bunnies'. She goes on the expedition to get some time alone with Dognut and to find Brooke. She is insecure about her weight. Dognut - The captain of the Tower of London group which sets out to find Brooke. He is leaving because he wants to be a hero, as he feels he doesn't get enough respect at the Tower, and to find Brooke, whom he has a crush on. He is killed in the final battle with the 'gym bunnies' by protecting Brooke to his final breath, ultimately becoming the respected and loved hero he originally wanted to be. Ed Carter - Captain of the Tower Guard at the Tower of London. He is described by Dognut as Jordan Hordern's second-in-command. St George badly scarred Ed's face was in the previous book. He appears in Dognut's nightmare-memory and at the beginning to see off the expedition, but is mentioned many times throughout the book. Felix - Part of the Tower crew, and one of the boys who originally came from the Imperial War Museum. He is best friends with Marco, though they often argue. He is stated to always put people down by speaking his mind. He, like Marco, goes on the expedition to support Dognut. He is killed in the final battle with the 'gym bunnies'. Dognut refers to him, Marco, and Al as "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" by DogNut; Felix is the Bad. Finn - Part of the Tower crew. He is the only member of the expedition to not end up at the Tower via the boat at the end of The Dead. He is from Forest Hill school and ended up at the Tower after being separated from friends who traveled west. He is going on the expedition to find his friends. He is large and good at fighting, but prior to the events of the book, he cut his arm and the wound became infected, putting it out of action and rendering him unable to fight. He stays at the Natural History Museum when the group goes on, as he wants to wait for his arm to heal and has yet to find his friends. Jessica - Part of the Tower crew. She goes on the expedition allegedly to find friends she was separated from at the end of The Dead, but really wants to get away from her ex-boyfriend Brendan, whom she just broke up with. She stays at Buckingham Palace, as she is already away from him, safe, and scared to go further. Jordan Hordern - Leader of the group at the Tower of London. He appears at the beginning to see Dognut's crew off and tells Dognut his position is open. Kyle - Ed's right-hand man at the Tower, he appears in Dognut's nightmare-memory at the beginning, helping Ed save Dognut from sickos but fails to save Leo. Leo - A determined but clumsy boy who died prior to the events of the book, but whom Dognut dreams about every night, as Dognut blames himself for Leo's death. Shortly after arriving at the Tower, Ed, Kyle, Dognut, and Leo had gone on a scavenging mission into a bank, where Leo and Dognut fell through the cracked floor into a pile of sickos, which tried to eat them. Leo tried to climb out but fell off Dognut's shoulders and further into the mob, where his thrashing caused them to pull him deeper in. Ed and Kyle grabbed Dognut's arm, and Dognut Leo's shirt, but they couldn't pull both up, and Dognut had let Leo go to save himself. Marco - Part of the Tower crew, and one of the boys who originally came from the Imperial War Museum. He often wears a WWII German's helmet and is best friends with Felix, though they often argue. He is nice to everybody. He goes on the expedition to support Dognut. He wields a spear and a knife, though the knife is stolen by the 'gym bunnies' when the group first encounters them. He is killed in the final battle with the 'gym bunnies'. Dognut refers to him, Felix, and Al as "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"; Marco is the Good. Olivia Channing - Part of the Tower crew. She was separated from her older brother Paul during the battle on Lambeth Bridge at the end of The Dead, and is going on the expedition to find him. She is 10 years old and scared. She is killed in the first encounter with the Collector after they leave Buckingham Palace, and later her death is avenged by her friends, some kids from the museum, and Ryan's group. David later lies about the circumstances of her death to manipulate Paul into turning on the other museum kids. The Natural History Museum Brooke - After the events of The Dead, she lives at the Natural History Museum, wears an old fashioned dress, and no longer bleaches her hair blond. She tells DogNut about Courtney's feelings for him, which he cannot see. She later leaves with DogNut's crew for the Tower. Afterward, she survives the final battle with 'gym bunnies', as she is saved by the Holloway crew. She tells Maxie and Blue about the museum. Chris Marker - Once unable to stop reading. He has now grown a beard, and lives in the library and records the stories of how the kids at the museum and DogNut's crew survived, calling it "The Chronicles of Survival". He is less obsessed with reading now. Einstein - A handsome boy with brown teeth, who works in the labs at the museum on a cure. He doesn't seem to like DogNut too much. His real name is Orlando Epstein. Jackson - A strong girl fighter at the museum, with a face like a potato. She is the one who finishes off the Collector. Later, she helps get Robbie back to the museum after he is injured. She is thirteen years old. Jamie - A boy who Paul Channing strangles in the basement before letting the sickos in. After incapacitating him, Paul lets the sickos in, who proceed to eat Jamie. As he dies, Paul shows him that he is bitten. He is thirteen, and was friendly to Paul at the beginning. Justin - Leader at the Natural History Museum. Formerly in charge of driving the Tesco truck, which is now used to house sickos. He is leading the search for a cure. He realizes that DogNut is on the expedition to gain fame and possibly take over the Natural History Museum. He is fifteen years old. Paul Channing - Olivia's brother. At the museum, he is in charge of cleaning after the sickos on the truck. He doesn't take his sister's death very well and loses his mind after they kill the sicko responsible, the Collector. He releases the sickos in the basement of the museum, seeking revenge, after David takes advantage of his mental state to manipulate him to do so. It is revealed that he was bitten by the sicko in the lorry. He is fifteen years old, and very thin, with limbs like a spider. He commonly wears a black turtleneck. Robbie - Head of security at the museum. He is saved by Jackson but is seriously injured from the final battle with the 'gym bunnies'. Buckingham Palace Alfie Walker - Part of Jester's crew. He is killed after Jester abandons him. He is thirteen, short, carries a spear and enjoys singing. He seems more determined than Tom and Kate, but is also slower and less of a fighter. Andy Thomas - A red-coated guard with fair hair and a big nose. He is bored with his job, but prefers it to the blandness of gardening, and is nice when compared to other guards at the palace. He informs Dognut of the way over the wall when pressured to. He is revealed to be the "Big Nose" who escapes with the Holloway crew when Brooke mentions him as one of the guards guarding the infirmary. David King - A power-mad teenager. He is the leader of the Buckingham Palace group and plans to restore law and order in London, with him in charge. He has a love interest in Nicola, who seems to realize this. He is 15 years old. Jester - David King's right-hand man. He is the leader of the small group which finds fighters to deal with the squatters. He is a coward who abandons those who look up to him to save himself, while convincing himself it was the only thing he could do. He wears a patchwork coat to memorialize all those he has lost. Jonathan - A young cadet who is training to be a guard at the palace. He informs David and Jester that the royals have escaped. Kate - Part of Jester's crew. Tom's girlfriend, who is fourteen or fifteen, carries a sword and constantly complains. She, like her boyfriend, expresses a desire to go back to the palace that same night. After a battle with adults in which Jester concusses Shadowman, she and Tom abandon the rest of their crew and hole up in a house. Saint George and his crew later find them, and attack them. When they are carried out of the house, she is barely alive, and is killed when Saint George and his crew eat her. Shadowman witnesses their deaths. Maria - A cook at the palace, Al's younger sister, and Pod's girlfriend. She did not know of her brother's whereabouts, and is overjoyed to be reunited with him. She later tells them where Brooke is, after David claims he doesn't know. She knows because Pod tells her certain things he shouldn't in an attempt to impress her. Al stays at the palace to be close to her. Pod - Head of security at the palace. He is not very intelligent, and David knows this, and considers him one who will easily follow orders. Rose - Head doctor at the palace. She is considered a professional, by kid standards. She is instructed by David to keep the Holloway kids away from Brooke (who he does not recognize). Shadowman - A boy who spies on settlements throughout London. He and Jester know each other from before the virus, and have been close friends for a while. He becomes part of Jester's crew but is soon abandoned by Jester after he is accidentally given a concussion (by Jester). He starts to follow St George to learn about his zombie army. His real name is Dylan Peake. Tom - Part of Jester's crew. Kate's boyfriend, who is fourteen or fifteen, carries a sword and constantly complains. He, like his girlfriend, expresses a desire to go back to the palace that same night. After a battle with adults in which Jester concusses Shadowman, he and Kate abandon the rest of their crew and hole up in a house. Saint George and his crew later find them, and attack them. When they are carried out of the house to be eaten, he is already dead. Shadowman witnesses their deaths. Houses of Parliament Bozo - A boy on guard duty outside Parliament. He wears a policeman's helmet, and considers himself stupid. Nicola - A girl who is the Prime Minister staying at the House of Parliament. She tells David about the squatters' raids against her base and strikes a deal with David that if he removes the squatters, she will form an alliance with him. David has a crush on her, which amuses her. Ponytail - A boy from Parliament who is bald, except for a ponytail, has some hair above his lip, and missing his front teeth. He appears to be Nicola's second-in-command, and came over Lambeth Bridge at the same time as the Tesco truck. Squatters Carl - A pirate-looking boy who is Just John's second in command. He prefers to take orders from John than have his own authority. Just John - The leader of the squatters in St James Park. He seems to be mentally unstable. Paddy - A boy in Just John's camp whom Shadowman befriends. He enjoys playing with Halo action figures. Other Kids Blue - A character from The Enemy, he is noticed by Brooke, held captive in the infirmary at Buckingham Palace. Maxie - A character from The Enemy, she is noticed by Brooke, held captive in the infirmary at Buckingham Palace. Ryan Aherne - The brutal leader of the hunters who cuts off the ears of adults and wears them as trophies. He has acne, and wears a mask which is the face of an adult he killed, cut off its head. He looks to be sixteen years old. Adults Bluetooth - A father in a business suit with a Bluetooth earpiece in his ear, and one of Saint George's lieutenants. He is more intelligent than most adults, though not on the level of Saint George. The Collector - A very large fat man who, without his beard, might be mistaken for a woman. He believes children are toys, and collects them and other things regularly. He is intelligent, even for a sicko, and capable of speech (though can only say one or two words at a time). He spends his days sleeping in an apartment basement, having knocked out the walls separating his apartment from neighboring apartments, and goes out at night, collecting anything. He is encountered by DogNut's crew after they leave Buckingham Palace, and eats Olivia's body after she commits suicide. The group later returns with some kids from the museum, as well as Ryan's hunters, and kills him. Man U - A father in a Manchester United T-shirt, and one of Saint George's lieutenants. He is more intelligent than most adults, though not on the level of Saint George. Mother with Sunglasses - A mother with sunglasses to resist the sun, and the leader of the 'gym bunnies'. She is first seen wearing jogging pants and she wears her hair in a crude, pulled back ponytail. On her wrist is a Celtic knot tattoo. She is more intelligent than most adults, even able to remember that she at one point had children and is able to wield a knife. She scars Felix and Brooke during the battle, but as she is about to kill Brooke, the only survivor, she is shot in the back of the head with an arrow (presumably by Sophie). One-Armed Bandit - A shirtless father with one arm missing, and one of Saint George's lieutenants. He is more intelligent than most adults, though not on the level of Saint George. He uses a rock as a weapon. At the end, he and a group of adults find Shadowman's hiding place and attack him, but Shadowman, despite still being slightly concussed, kills all of them, including the One-Armed Bandit. Saint George - The sicko in the Saint George shirt who was previously known as Greg Thorne. He is introduced in the second book. He is far more intelligent than most infected adults, even to the extent of being able to remember some words and recall some memories, and to plan. In the middle of the book, he is revealed to still be able to remember his son, Liam (though does not remember killing him) and that they used to enjoy soccer. Spike - A father, and one of Saint George's lieutenants. He is more intelligent than most adults, though not on the level of Saint George. He is at first called "Mr. Ordinary" because he has no marks by which Shadowman can give him a nickname. Later, Shadowman shoots him in the shoulder with a crossbow bolt while he and the crew are eating Tom and Kate. After this, Shadowman weeps with joy at having found a nickname for him. References Category:2011 British novels Category:Horror novels Category:Post-apocalyptic novels Category:English novels

Sketcher was one of the earliest "natural media" raster graphics software applications. It was released in the early 1990s by the US company Fractal Design Corporation for the Apple Macintosh. This software simulated the behavior of various types of paper and art materials such as chalk, pastels, pencils and brushes. Even though color Macintoshes existed at the time, it ran in grayscale. A rationale for this may be that, while color support existed in the computer, large grayscale monitors were considerably less expensive than color ones, with color sometimes costing three times as much for an equivalent size display. Likewise, Sketcher sold for a lower price than Painter ($99 vs. $299) Following Sketcher, Fractal Design added color support, new features, modified the interface somewhat and released Dabbler. Sketcher was discontinued shortly afterwards. See also List of raster graphics editors Comparison of raster graphics editors External links Bloomberg overview of Fractal Design Corporation Category:Raster graphics editors

Carnoustie High School is a comprehensive secondary school in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. Situated to the north of the town, the school serves Carnoustie and surrounding villages, including Barry, Monikie, Newbigging, Craigton, Muirdrum, Panbride and Easthaven. History Education in Carnoustie prior to 1878 Carnoustie was founded as a town in 1797. Prior to the passing of the Education (Scotland) Act 1872, the provision of schools in Scotland was the responsibility of the parish. The Education Act of 1696 allowed churches to set up schools, funded mainly by the landowner. In the mid to late 19th century, each church in the town had its own school. The buildings of these are still in existence today, in the former primary schools of Barry and Panbride, which were at that point the schools of Panbride Parish Church and Barry Free Church, and the Phillip Hall on Dundee Street, which was the school connected with The Erskine Free Church. These were supplemented with a number of private subscription schools, including a school in Links Avenue, opened in 1831, that now houses the local Scout Group and a school off Maule Street that is now used as Holyrood Church's Hall. These were both victims of the success of Carnoustie Free Church school and were abandoned. More successful were the school linked to Panmure Works and a private Girls School in Kinloch Street, but these too were made redundant by the 1872 act. Carnoustie Public School (1878-1972) Carnoustie Public School was built in 1878 near the Free Church school on Dundee Street. It was extended several times as the town grew and in the late 1960s the school catered for primary and secondary students up to O-grade level (age 16), with those wanting to continue education beyond S4 would travel to Arbroath for school. The school's secondary students were decanted to the new Carnoustie High School building in Shanwell Road in 1971. The old school was renamed Kinloch Primary School, and continued as a primary school until 2006, when it, along with Barry and Panbride Primary Schools, was closed as part of the reorganisation of schools in the area. The building housed Carlogie Primary School during renovations in 2008-2009, and was finally demolished in 2010 to make way for housing. Carnoustie High School (1972-present) A dedicated secondary school was built in 1970-1972 to the north of the town. This was to cope with the increasing population in the town and surrounding area, as well as to offer classes beyond O-grade level. The buildings were opened in 1972 by Princess Alexandra. These buildings served until 2009 when they were replaced with new teaching blocks built on the former playing fields. The new build retained the PE block and the theatre of the previous school. Capacity of the present school is 1050, allowing for considerable expansion of its present roll. Feeder primary schools Carnoustie High School offers places to pupils of the three primary schools in Carnoustie (Carlogie, Woodlands and Burnside) and pupils from Monikie and Newbigging Primary Schools. Notable alumni Lance Corporal Charles Jarvis, (1881-1948) 57th Field Company, Royal Engineers. Recipient of Victoria Cross Chief Petty Officer George Samson, (1889-1923) Royal Navy. Recipient of Victoria Cross Stewart Hosie (born 1963), Member of Parliament Kirsten Oswald, Member of Parliament Alan Cumming (born 1965), actor. Graeme Black (born 1967), fashion designer (Galliano, Armani, Ferragamo) Roddy Woomble (born 1976), singer References Bibliography Category:Secondary schools in Angus Category:1878 establishments in Scotland Category:Educational institutions established in 1878 Category:Carnoustie

The Achelata is an infra-order of the decapod crustaceans, holding the spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters and their fossil relatives. Description The name "Achelata" derives from the fact that all the members of this group lack the chelae (claws) that are found on almost all other decapods (from the Greek , = "not", , chela = "claw"). They are further united by the great enlargement of the first antennae, by the special "phyllosoma" form of the larva, and by a number of other characters. Classification and fossil record Achelata contains the spiny lobsters (Palinuridae), the slipper lobsters (Scyllaridae) and the furry lobsters (Synaxidae, now usually included in Palinuridae), as well as two extinct families, Cancrinidae and Tricarinidae. Both Palinuridae and Scyllaridae have a fossil record extending back to the Cretaceous. The two fossil families contain a single genus each; Tricarina is known from a single Cretaceous fossil, while Cancrinos is known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. One estimate of the divergence between Achelata and its closest relatives places it at about . References External links Category:Arthropod infraorders Category:Extant Late Jurassic first appearances

The City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program is an anti-graffiti mural program in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania, in the United States. The program was founded in 1986 under the direction of the local artist Jane Golden, as part of the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network, with the goal of facilitating collaboration between professional artists and prosecuted graffiti writers to create new murals in the city. It also works with community groups to educate and children in the arts and involve them in the creation of the murals. The program is currently one of the largest employers of artists in Philadelphia, employing more than 300 artists each year. In 2016 the organization was rebranded as Mural Arts Philadelphia. History In 1984, artist Jane Golden approached Tim Spencer, then head of the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network, in the hopes of creating a new program under the group name "Umbrella". Spencer had initially envisioned a program that would rehabilitate graffiti artists and lead them towards other art forms. In the end, Golden's proposal won, and the Mural Arts Program was created. The program works with community groups to educate and involve children in the arts and the creation of murals throughout the city. Two years later in 1986, the Mural Arts Project, led by Jane Golden, was founded as a division of the Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network. In 1991, Philadelphia was awarded the Innovation in American Government Award for the success of the Mural Arts Project in and around Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network was absorbed by the Philadelphia Recreation Department and the Mural Arts Program, and was elevated to an independent entity under the Philadelphia Recreation Department. The Philadelphia Mural Arts Advocates was founded as a nonprofit corporation to raise funds for the Mural Arts Program. Since 2001 the Mural Arts Program has been headquartered in the former home and studio of the painter Thomas Eakins at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia. In 2014 the Mural Arts Program celebrated its 30th anniversary with the book "Philadelphia Mural Arts @30" and an exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 2016 the organization was renamed Mural Arts Philadelphia. In 2017 the program partnered with Monument Lab to produce several works of public art in Philadelphia. Murals In 1998, mural artist Meg Saligman created Common Threads at Broad and Spring Garden streets. The work comments on the shared history of humanity through the juxtaposition of classical sculptural forms with those of local high school students. On a royal visit in 2007, the Prince of Wales, Charles, and his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, visited the Donald Gensler mural Reading: A Journey, at 40th and Penns Grove Streets. The visit was intended to demonstrate how the murals have inspired regeneration in the West Philadelphia Neighborhood. Prince Charles was interested in the potential of creating a similar project in London. In 1984, several graffiti taggers were given the option to either go to jail or take part in a new city beautification initiative. Since then, the Philadelphia Mural Arts Program has overseen the creation of more than 3,800 pieces of art painted on sides of buildings. Of these art pieces painted on buildings, 2,000 are still viewable by the public, making this collection the "World’s Largest Outdoor Art Gallery." The Atlas of Tomorrow: A Device for Philosophical Reflection (533 South Juniper Street, Philadelphia) is a piece by Candy Chang, an artist who's pieces often have a participatory element to them. In this kinetic mural, viewers are invited to spin a numeric dial. Where the dial lands directs the viewer to read and reflect on one of 64 unique stories. In 2018, artist Joshua Mays and DJ King Britt worked with Mural Arts Philadelphia to create Dreams, Diaspora and Destiny, an "augmented reality" mural that included music and a mobile app. The piece is at 5300 Landsdowne Ave. Legacy The Mural Arts Program is responsible for the creation of the largest mural in Philadelphia, at in length. Titled History of Immigration, it displays settlers of different ethnicities who settled in Philadelphia over time. The murals painted by the program are on average the height of a three-story row house and wide. The average cost of each mural was $10,000–$15,000, including artists' commissions and supplies. The program is currently one of Philadelphia's largest employers of artists, employing more than 300 artists annually. The program also hires more than 100 prosecuted graffiti writers every year and involves them in the creation of murals around Philadelphia. Currently, the program employs 36 former graffiti artists as staff members on permanent payroll, and involves more than 300 children a year in art programs. During the 2001–2004 Neighborhood Transformation Initiative, the Mural Arts Program painted more than 600 murals around Philadelphia. In February 2006, the city of Watertown, New York asked Jane Golden to speak in hopes of creating a similar program in their community. See also The Sprout Fund — Pittsburgh mural program City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program at Google Cultural Institute References External links Mural Art Category:Culture of Philadelphia Category:1986 establishments in Pennsylvania Category:Art in Pennsylvania

The Ettampadai () is a temple of Lord Murugan (Subrahmanya) in India, located in the neighbourhood of Triplicane (Thiruvallikkeni) in Chennai. History The idol of Lord Muruga of this temple is placed in the Kandhaswamy temple and Thiruporoor Murugan Temple. In the early days pilgrims carrying the Kavadi. The land for the temple construction was donated by a woman named Pachayammal. To restructure this temple, Thiruvallikkeni Thirumuruganadiyargal, the local devotees of Lord Muruga, started a devotional musical organization called "Bhajaneshwara" in 1978. From the remuneration they received, the initial structure of this temple was restructured. The Temple The Ettampadai temple is the eighth Padaiveedu of Lord Muruga. In the first inner prakāram are the shrines of deities, namely, Pillayar, Kumbeshwara, Ambigai, and Sri Kanaga Durga. The Navagraha Sannidhi is beside the Ancient Pillar of Lord Muruga. Festivals Besides regular services, days sacred to the Lord Muruga are celebrated in a grand way every year and are attended by thousands of devotees from all over South India. Some of these festivals are the Thai-Poosam, the Vaikhashi-Vishakham and the Soora-Samharam. Panguni Utthiram festival is the most famous festival at temple. The six-day celebration includes homams, devotional music, nadhaswara concert, kavadiattam, special abhishekam and annadhanam on the festival. Pilgrims after first having taken a strict vow of abstinence, come barefoot, by walk, from distant towns and villages. Many pilgrims also bring a litter of wood, called a Kāvadi, borne on their shoulders, in commemoration of the act of the demon Hidumba who is credited by legend with bringing the two hills of Palani to their present location, slung upon his shoulders in a similar fashion. Others bring pots of sanctified water, known as theertha-kāvadi, for the priests to conduct the abhishekam on the holy day. Poojas Darshan hours are from 6:00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m. and 4.30 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. On festival days the temple opens at 4.30 a.m. and remains open till 10.30 p.m. Annual festivals Kandha Shashti Vaigaasi Visagam Seshadri Swaamigal Jayanthi Panguni Utthira Peru Vizhaa - 25th Year Celebration (28–31 March 2010) Gallery See also Murugan Panguni Uthiram References http://murugan.org.htm http://murugan.org/bhaktas/bhogar-life.htm http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/04/02/index.htm External links Category:Hindu temples in Chennai Category:Murugan temples in Tamil Nadu

Karin Borner (born 21 September 1935) is a Swiss former competitive figure skater. She represented Switzerland at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. She won the bronze medal at the 1956 Richmond Trophy. Competitive highlights References Category:1935 births Category:Figure skaters at the 1956 Winter Olympics Category:Swiss female single skaters Category:Living people Category:Olympic figure skaters of Switzerland Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

Vasantrao Madhavrao Ghatge (9 May 1916 – 3 September 1986) was an Indian entrepreneur, business magnate, industrialist and a professor. He was the co-founder of Ghatge Patil Transports along with Jaykumar Patil in the year 1945 based in Kolhapur. Ghatge was widely recognized as the pioneer in the road transport sector for revolutionizing transportation of cargo or goods. He was born in Kolhapur to Radhabai and Madhavrao Ghatge. He was raised in Kolhapur in the 1920s and completed Master of Science in Botany in the year 1938 from Fergusson College of Pune. During his lectureship at the Rajaram College of Kolhapur, he fell prey to Tuberculosis and had to leave his position due to his prolonged treatment. After fighting TB, he along with his friend Mr. Jaykumar Patil started goods transportation in the year 1946 as Ghatge Patil Transports Ltd. Extensive reach of Ghatge Patil trucks in every corner of Maharashtra had made it a household name. Soon, the organization diversified to multiple industries like spare parts manufacturing unit named as KGP Auto Ltd. (Kirloskar Ghatge Patil Auto Ltd.), the top engine and automobile dealerships like Morris Motors, Lambretta under its wing during the 1950s. The customer service and sales service of Ghatge-Patil was popular in the industry which eventually gained the group more international dealership offers. Ghatge tried his luck in manufacturing and produced an Auto Scooter named 'Laxmi Scooterette' with the support of the Kirloskar Group in 1972. He was a noted participant in the Deccan Association along with influencers like Vasantdad Patil, Yashwantrao Chavan. In 1986, Ghatge succumbed to multiple health disorders and expired on 3 September 1986. After his demise, the Ghatge Group diversified in various verticals. Ghatge Patil Transports Pvt. Ltd. formed in 1958 is the flagship company. It completed 60 years in December 2017 and is currently under the leadership of the youngest grandson of the Ghatge family, Mr. Tushar Satish Ghatge. Background Family Ghatge belonged to a Deshastha Brahmin family of scholars. Madhavrao had studied Upanishads while his elder brother Amrutrao was an Indian Sanskrit scholar. Ghatge had three brothers and one sister, Ghatge being the youngest. Vishnupant had studied Aeronautics while Sakharam was a builder by profession. Born in a small village Hasurchampu in Gadhinglaj Taluka, the Ghatges are traditional Brahmins with strong roots in Kolhapur. Going back, six to seven generations, it is known that the Ghatges actually belonged to the Kulkarni community of Kolhapur. Madhavrao Venkatesh, father to Ghatge was born into the Vaishav community of Karnataka in 1886. Madhavrao and Radhabai had five children, the youngest being Vasantrao. Education and business After finishing Master of Science in Botany from Fergusson College of Pune, Ghatge started his career as a professor in Rajaram College. After teaching for a few months, he had to resign his post when he was diagnosed with Tuberculosis. Ghatge, being calm and understanding by nature made friends very easily; one of his closest friends was Jaykumar Patil. Jaykumar Patil belonged to a Jain family of Kolhapur. The Patil family ran a small goods transportation business which was dependent on a single truck and the route for which was a fixed Kolhapur-Mumbai trip. Many a times, Jaykumar Patil himself drove the truck all the way to Mumbai. Sakharampant, the elder brother of Ghatge was a civil engineer by profession had started with the construction business in Kolhapur. During 1941–42, Sakharam had bagged an Airport building contract which required regular goods transportation from Kolhapur to Belgaum. Sakharam had one truck to handle the transportation but had a shortage of one truck. Ghatge suggested Jaykumar what for the assignment to which Jaykumar agreed at once to help. After the completion of the assignment in 1943, Ghatge suggested to start a sole goods transport business using the two trucks and that is how Ghatge Patil Transports took birth and the partnership began. In 1945, during the reign of E.W Perry, the business bagged its first major contract of Rajaram Rifles to transport wood under the commandment of Gen. Thorat. With this contract, Ghatge & Patil had struck a gold mine and gained respect in town for handling the Indian Army consignments. Diversification and dealerships Spare parts After the World-War II, the infrastructure and specifically roads were in ruins which directly affected vehicle transport and the motor components. Ghatge noticed a growing need of such replaceable components i.e. spare parts. He identified that if he made Spare parts available in Kolhapur, he can provide to numerous trucks in the town. He would take trips to the Royal Opera House (Mumbai) in Girgaon to would spare parts not just for his business but for creating a market place in Kolhapur. The Mumbai trips not only helped Ghatge to gain entry in the spare components market but he made acquaintances with the vendor and fellow transporters. Later, Ghatge explored the Truck & Body building business started by building variety of closed vans and ambulances but were remembered for building Kolhapur Police Vans and were applauded by the then Inspector G.P Khan Bahadur Sadari. Motor and automotive components Ghatge was soon eyeing the Motor or Automobile industry but it was not possible to buy or manufacture in India since every make was outsourced due to better available quality overseas. But in 1959, when Morris Motors company shut down its production, Ghatge was hopeful again. He visited the FRENCH MOTOR CAR CO. who had the spare parts for one of Ghatge's trucks. Along with the spare parts, they also had the agency of Morris Motors. Ghatge & Patil, then held the agency of Morris Motors because of the sheer dedication and strong corporate relations of Ghatge in the Industry. Alongside, Ghatge also bagged the Morris Commercial trucks which gave India its first Diesel truck. With the help of G.P Khan of Kolhapur Police, Ghatge & Patil held the General Motors agency too. Post World War, the small towns generated demands of motor vehicles and components, too. Initially the major distributors isolated the metropolitan cities for supplying their motor components but with the changing era they wished to distribute by giving agencies in the small towns like Kolhapur. Ghatge opened its first showroom at Rajaram Road, Kolhapur with a spacious display of motor equipments and multiple bays and workshops for repair work. Soon, all the verticals of Ghatge & Patil excelled and word spread that they are the top dealership house for automotive components, trucks etc. which brought numerous dealerships under their house. Bicycle company The Bicycle demand in the country was booming and Ghatge did not miss the opportunity. Raleigh Bicycle Company, one of the oldest bicycle manufacturing company in the world from England that goes by the brand name Raleigh had given its agency to the Sen & Pandit of Kolkatta. Ghatge & Patil took the Open general licence with the help of Mr. M. F. Vasvani who was the Manager of Raleigh and ordered the bicycles directly to Kolhapur that led to the sale of 300 lot of bicycles in a very short span. In 1952, when TI Cycles of India started its production of Hercules Cycles, Phillips Cycles and BSA motorcycles in Madras, Ghatge had it under his belt too. In the small town of Kolhapur, the only ice factory shut followed by which Ghatge founded the Pearl Ice Factory to meet the demands of the people of his town. In 1952, Ghatge- Patil shocked people with their decision to shut its flagship transport business. They eventually did not stand by it and changed the decision owing to the growing market needs of surface transportation and in 1954, Ghatge Patil Transports resumed its bookings. Scooters and auto-rickshaw dealers The growing popularity of Ghatge as the dynamic and social businessman brought multiple dealerships to the doorstep of Ghatge & Patil. The Italian company, Automobile Products of India, the manufacturer at Bombay in 1949, produced Lambretta scooters and autorickshaws & offered Ghatge & Patil to become the distributors of their products in 1956. They also bagged the dealership of Mahindra & Mahindra which started its production in India around 1954; Ghatge founded the dealership showrooms in Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Satara and Solapur. Tractors and Agricultural Equipments Ghatge Patil held the Massey Ferguson agency in 1957, a major American manufacturer of Agricultural Equipments along with Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited TAFE in 1960. Laxmi Scooterette API, under the wing of M. A Chidambaram was granted the permission to manufacture two out of the three models of Lambretta by the Indian Government. After having all the major dealerships under his wing, Ghatge decided to manufacture the third model which was better known as an Auto Scooter. It was a big leap for the Ghatge-Patil and under the guidance of Kirloskars, the production of the model started in Uchgaon under KGP Auto Ltd. (Kirloskar Ghatge Patil Auto Ltd.) which was set up near Ghatge Patil Industries Foundry.which was named. The Auto Scooter was named as "Laxmi Scooterette" touching upon the emotions and connect better with the people. Kirloskar Kisaan, an oil company supplied Engines and Oagle Brother's Delstar supplied the body, fuel tank along with the front and rear fork assembly for Laxmi. Laxmi was released in the market during 1972 with a target to produce 24000 models by the year 1975. Unfortunately, Laxmi could not make a mark in the industry due to technical and market inefficiencies. Around four years after Vasantrao Ghatge's demise, the group saw the end of Laxmi Scooterette in 1990. Philanthropy and social activities In 1967, Ghatge along with Abasaheb Kulkarni Khebudkar from Sangli was a part of the Deccan Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd. Although having little or no interest in politics, he soon made friends with noted politicians and influencers namely Vasantdada Patil, Yashwantrao Chavan and Vasantrao Naik who were active members of the Deccan Association. He was the head of the New Education Society of Kolhapur in 1982 after Madan Mohan Lohiya. Ghatge started and supported 24 schools and 3 Junior colleges. On 30 August 1949, Remand Home was established by Lalitadevi Najappa, wife to Chief Administrator Captain V. Najappa. In the next 2 years, Ghatge was heading the departments from funding allocation. A well-known Social activist, Dr. Sunilkumar Lawate was associated with the Remand Home which is now converted to Balkalyan Sankul and admitted 45 boys and 4 girls. With a growing popularity and a huge social circle, Ghatge had notable visitors in Kolhapur. The Ganesh Festival, which was the most coveted and celebrated event in the organization had the most talented artists of India. Pandit Bhimsen Joshi had performed five times at the Ganesh Festival in Ghatge- Patil since 1955; the world-famous sitarist Ravi Shankar, the Indian Tabla player Alla Rakha and the classical singers Kishori Amonkar, Pandit Kumar Gandharva, Bal Gandharva, Pandit Vasantrao Deshpande References 19. Lambretta 48 moped was sold by API, later was sold by under the brand name 'Laxmi' by Kirloskar-Ghatge Patil Motors External links Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople Category:20th-century Indian educators Category:Indian philanthropists Category:Fergusson College alumni Category:People from Kolhapur Category:Indian businesspeople Category:1916 births Category:1986 deaths Category:20th-century philanthropists

WLVG (FM 105.1) is a Christian radio station licensed to Clermont, Georgia, and owned by Educational Media Foundation The current format is Christian Contemporary and identifies itself as "Positive & Encouraging K-love”. History The station was founded in 1993 by Charles Smithgall as WHEL; in 1998, it was acquired by Jacor, which was sold to Clear Channel Communications a year later. At one point an oldies station, the station soon became a simulcast of WGST AM 640 from Atlanta, and later a simulcast of WWVA-FM (as WVWA). The necessity of the WWVA simulcast was often debated, as the residents of the north Georgia mountains did not understand why a Spanish pop station was needed more than a news station. In 2005, the station was sold to Sorenson Southeast Radio and operated on a local marketing agreement (LMA) by Douglas M. Sutton, Jr., who is the licensee of several broadcast stations in Georgia and the Carolinas, the station remained silent for several months. On June 1, 2006, Oconee River Broadcasting, LLC signed a programming agreement with Sutton for a three-year period. Upon return to the air, the station held a listener poll to determine the station's format; a rock AC format was chosen and was known as Georgia 105. The station initially reclaimed the WHEL call letters for its city of Helen, but on November 1, 2006, it became WZGA. Oconee River Broadcasting was unable to secure a long-term agreement to own or operate the station. Prior to the expiration of the three-year term, Sorenson filed for consent to reassign the license of WZGA to Sutton's company, Tugart Properties, LLC. On April 20, 2009, the assignment was approved by the FCC. On June 1, 2009, the station reverted to the control of Sutton under his company, Tugart Properties, LLC, the call letters were changed to WNGA and after a short stunting period the station changed to country music. The station left the air on August 10, 2011 due to insufficient advertising revenue. The station is now owned by Educational Media Foundation, and broadcasts the K-LOVE Contemporary Christian format. , WNGA had special temporary authority to be off the air, apparently pending a change in facilities related to its construction permits. The most recent change, FCC-approved on April 16, moved it from Helen, Georgia to Long Mountain south-southwest of Cleveland, Georgia, between Dahlonega Highway (Georgia 115) to the west and Main Street / Cleveland Highway (both Georgia 11 and U.S. 129) to the east. References External links LVG Category:K-Love radio stations Category:Radio stations established in 1995 Category:1995 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Educational Media Foundation radio stations Category:Christian radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)

Pseudomonas antarctica is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica. References External links Type strain of Pseudomonas antarctica at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Category:Pseudomonadales Category:Bacteria described in 2004

Pickering Township is a civil township in Bottineau County in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Its population was 193 as of the 2010 census, down from 213 at the 2000 census. History Pickering Township was organized sometime between 1910 and 1920 from Vinge School Township and the western portion of Bottineau School Township. Reportedly, in 1883, Norwegian settlers from Polk County, Minnesota, established the first Norwegian settlement in Bottineau County near Carbury in present-day Pickering Township. Other Norwegians followed in 1886. Geography Pickering Township is located in Township 162N, Range 76W. North Dakota Highway 14 is a primary highway in the township, and the city of Bottineau, which is the county seat, is located in the southeast corner of the township. According to the 2010 United States Census, the township has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Carbury Dam is a public fishing area located south and west of Carbury. It is managed by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. References Category:Townships in Bottineau County, North Dakota Category:Populated places established in 1883 Category:1883 establishments in Dakota Territory Category:Townships in North Dakota

Paul Klee (1879–1940), was a German-Swiss painter. Klee or KLEE may also refer to: Klee (surname), a surname Klee (band), a German pop band Klee Passage, a channel of water in the Marshall Islands 10543 Klee (1992 DL4), a main-belt asteroid KLEE, an American radio station KLEE-TV, a Houston TV channel now renamed KPRC-TV The ICAO code for Leesburg International Airport See also Klee Kai, a breed of dog Clee (disambiguation)

Order of Loyalty and Valour (Traditional Chinese: 忠勇勳章)is a military award from the Republic of China. It was created on 23 September 1944 for outstanding command in battle. It has one rank. Reference list Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Republic of China Category:Awards established in 1944

was the lead vessel of the five light cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. She was named after the Kuma River in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. Background After the construction of the s, the demerits of the small cruiser concept became apparent. At the end of 1917, plans for an additional six Tenryū-class vessels, plus three new-design 7,200 ton-class scout cruisers were shelved, in place of an intermediate 5,500 ton-class vessel which could be used as both a long-range, high speed reconnaissance ship, and also as a command vessel for destroyer or submarine flotillas. Kuma was laid down at Sasebo Naval Arsenal on 29 August 1918, launched on 14 July 1919 and commissioned on 31 August 1920. Design The Kuma-class vessels were essentially enlarged versions of the Tenryū-class cruisers, with greater speed, range, and weaponry. With improvements in geared-turbine engine technology, the Kuma-class vessels were capable of the high speed of , and a range of at . The number of 14 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval guns was increased from four on the Tenryū class to seven on Kuma: two forward, two on each side of the superstructure and three aft, which meant that only six guns could be brought to bear on a broadside. The torpedo launchers were also increased to four double launchers: however, the Kuma class remained highly deficient in anti-aircraft protection, with only two 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval guns and two 6.5 mm machine guns. Kuma could be distinguished from her sister ships by the addition of funnel caps from 1929. Service career Early career Immediately after commissioning, Kuma was assigned to cover the landings of Japanese troops during the Japanese intervention in Siberia against the Bolshevik Red Army. She was subsequently based at Port Arthur, and patrolled the northern China coast between the Kwantung Leased Territory and Tsingtao. Kuma was refit in late 1934 with a tripod mast, two rotatable quadruple torpedo launchers, and an aircraft catapult for launching a reconnaissance floatplane, typically a Kawanishi E7K1 "Alf". As the Second Sino-Japanese War began to escalate, Kuma patrolled the China coast, and covered the landings of Japanese forces in central China. She was captained by Captain Tadashige Daigo from November 1935 to December 1936. In December 1937, Kuma served as flagship for a squadron of minelaying submarines through based out of Tsingtao until fall of 1938. Invasion of the Philippines On 10 April 1941, Kuma was assigned to Vice Admiral Ibo Takahashi's CruDiv 16 in the Japanese 3rd Fleet. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor on 8 December 1941, Kuma was participating in the invasion of the northern Philippines, having departed from its base in Mako, Pescadores Islands with the , and destroyers and . From 10–11 December, Kuma covered landings at Aparri and Vigan; off Vigan, Kuma was attacked unsuccessfully by five USAAF Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the 14th Squadron. On 22 December, Kuma covered further landings at Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. On 3 January 1942, Kuma was reassigned to Vice Admiral Rokuzō Sugiyama's Third Southern Expeditionary Fleet. She was assigned to patrols around the Philippine islands from 10 January to 27 February 1942. In March, Kuma was assigned to cover the invasion of the southern Philippines, shelling Cebu harbor on 1 March, sinking two coastal transports, and covering the landings at Zamboanga, Mindanao on 3 March. Special Naval Landing Forces (SNLF) from Kuma rescued about 80 Japanese nationals who had been interned. Kuma is also credited with sinking twelve transport vessels in the Sulu Sea off of Cebu the same night. On 9 April 1942, off Cebu, Kuma and the torpedo boat Kiji were attacked by U.S. torpedo boats PT-34 and PT-41. Kuma was hit in the bow by one of eight Mark 8 Torpedoes fired, but it was a dud. PT-34 was destroyed by Mitsubishi F1M "Petes" launched from the seaplane tender Sanuki Maru. On 10 April, Kuma covered landings on Cebu by the Kawaguchi Detachment's 35th Infantry Brigade HQ and the 124th Infantry Regiment, and on 16 April landings on Panay by the Kawamura Detachment's 9th Infantry Brigade HQ and the 41st Infantry Regiment. On 6 May, Kuma covered the final assault on the American bastion on Corregidor Island in Manila Bay. Afterwards, Kuma remained on patrol at Manila until 12 August 1942. Dutch East Indies and New Guinea campaigns After a refit at Kure Naval Arsenal in September, Kuma returned to Manila on 20 September 1942 and was reassigned to Vice Admiral Shirō Takasu's Second Southern Expeditionary Fleet (Dutch East Indies Force). She was sent to Hong Kong to embark troops of the 38th Infantry Division, which she disembarked at Rabaul, New Britain on 10 October. Kuma then proceeded to Makassar, Celebes where she began patrols under the command of Captain Ichiro Yokoyama, with occasional embarkation of reinforcements for Rabaul, Kaimana, New Guinea and Kabui, New Guinea until 13 April 1943. From late April through the end of May 1943, Kuma was refitted at the Seletar Naval Base Singapore, and afterwards resumed patrols around the Dutch East Indies to 23 June. On 23 June 1943, while at Makassar with CruDiv 16's , , and , Kuma was attacked by seventeen Consolidated Aircraft B-24 Liberator bombers of the 319th Squadron/90th Bomb Group (H) of the 5th Air Force. All four light cruisers were straddled by near-misses, but suffered only slight damage. On 24 June 1943, CruDiv 16's flag was transferred from Kinu to Kuma. Both cruisers then departed Makassar for patrols around the Dutch East Indies until 23 October. From 1 November, Kuma was refit in Singapore. Her No. 5 140-mm gun was removed as were her aircraft catapult and derrick. Two triple mount Type 96 25-mm AA guns were fitted. This brought the total number of Kumas 25-mm AA guns to ten barrels (2x3, 2x2). Refit was completed by 12 November, and patrols/transport runs around the Dutch East Indies resumed, extending occasionally to Port Blair, Andaman Islands, Penang, Mergui, Burma through 9 January 1944. On 11 January 1944, after departing from Penang with the destroyer on anti-submarine warfare exercises, Kuma was sighted by Royal Navy submarine based out of Trincomalee, Ceylon. Approximately northwest of Penang, Tally-Ho fired a seven-torpedo salvo from . Kumas lookouts spotted the torpedoes' wakes, and although the rudder was sent hard over, Kuma was hit starboard aft by two torpedoes, setting the ship on fire. Kuma sank by the stern in the vicinity of detonating her own depth charges. Uranami took on survivors, including Captain Sugino, but 138 crewmen perished with the ship. Kuma was removed from the navy list on 10 March 1944. The wreck Kumas wreck was discovered in March 2004 by a group of divers including Australian explorer Kevin Denlay operating off the research vessel MV Empress, based out of Singapore. The wreck was found to be on its starboard side in of water, covered in fishing nets and snagged fishing lines. The bridge structure was fairly intact, although half-buried in bottom silt, and her funnels had fallen off. The port side waist 5.5-inch gun was basically intact, as were the two on the fore-deck, although the top of the waist mount enclosure had partially disintegrated. The circular rotating base of the forward port torpedo rack was intact, but there were no torpedo tubes mounted on it. However, the aft port rotating torpedo tube mount had completely fallen off the ship. The glass in many of the portholes, especially amidships, has been melted and fused due to the intensity of the fire that raged while the vessel was sinking. The ship's stern was missing completely aft of where the torpedoes hit; all that remained was a jagged edge, although the outboard port propeller and shaft were still visible protruding from the wreck. In 2014 it was reported that illegal salvagers recovered scrap metal from several shipwrecks, including Kuma. Subsequent reports state that the wreck is almost completely gone now. Notes References External links Category:Kuma-class cruisers Category:Ships built in Japan Category:1919 ships Category:World War II cruisers of Japan Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Strait of Malacca Category:Maritime incidents in January 1944 Category:Ships sunk by British submarines

Ibsen is a Norwegian family of Danish extraction. Its most famous members are playwright Henrik Ibsen, his son, statesman Sigurd Ibsen, and grandson, pioneer film director Tancred Ibsen. Several other family members have been noted artists. History The name Ibsen is a "frozen" patronymic, meaning "son of Ib." Ib is a Danish variant of Jacob. The name became frozen in the 17th century, while this practice was only widely adopted in Denmark in the 19th century and in Norway from around 1900. The phenomenon of patronymics becoming frozen started in the 17th century in bourgeois families in Denmark. The family's earliest known ancestor is Rasmus Ibsen (1632–1703), a merchant in Stege, Denmark. Rasmus Ibsen's son, ship's captain and merchant Peter Ibsen (died 1765), settled in Norway as a burgher of Bergen. Peter's son Henrik Ibsen (1726–1765) became a ship's captain in Bergen. After his father died early and his mother Wenche Dishington remarried, Henrik's son Henrik Johan Ibsen (1765–1797) grew up in the household of parish priest Jacob von der Lippe, his stepfather. After Henrik Johan Ibsen, a ship's captain and merchant in Skien, died at sea outside Hesnes, his widow Johanne Plesner remarried to ship's captain Ole Paus, and their son Knud Ibsen grew up in the Paus household at Rising in Gjerpen. Knud Ibsen had several half siblings, among them judge and Member of Parliament Christian Cornelius Paus and banker and shipowner Christopher Blom Paus. Knud Ibsen married the niece of his stepfather, Marichen Altenburg (a daughter of shipowner Johan Andreas Altenburg and Hedevig Christine Paus), and became a prominent merchant in Skien. Knud and Marichen Ibsen were the parents of playwright Henrik Ibsen (married to Suzannah Thoresen), who in turn was the father of Prime Minister Sigurd Ibsen (married to Bergliot Bjørnson, the only daughter of Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson) and grandfather of film director Tancred Ibsen (married to Lillebil Krohn), novelist Irene Ibsen Bille (married to Josias Bille) and Eleonora Ibsen. Tancred's only child was diplomat Tancred Ibsen, Jr. The Ibsen family is becoming extinct (in the male line); the last living members (by birth) are Tancred Ibsen, Jr.'s two daughters Nora and Hedda Ibsen. There are however a number of descendants of the family through female lines, namely descendants of Hedvig Ibsen (married Stousland), Irene Ibsen (married Bille), Nora Ibsen and Hedda Ibsen. The Ibsen family in theatre Henrik Ibsen's ancestry has been a much studied subject, due to his perceived foreignness (leading his biographer Henrik Jæger to famously state that "the ancestral Ibsen was a Dane") and due to the influence of his biography and family on his plays. Ibsen often made references to his family in his plays, sometimes by name, or by modelling characters after them. Hence, both of Ibsen's parents, Knud Ibsen and Marichen Ibsen, served as the models for various characters, a fact admitted by Henrik Ibsen. "Jon Gynt" in Peer Gynt, "Old Ekdahl" in The Wild Duck and Daniel Hejre in The League of Youth are widely considered to be based on Knud Ibsen. Marichen Ibsen is considered the model for "Åse" in Peer Gynt and "Inga of Varteig" in The Pretenders, and she would "echo through her son's work in unremitting portrayals of suffering women." More broadly, Ibsen used his own biography, relatives and ancestors as a background for his plays and characters. The Gynt family's prosperous ancestor, Rasmus Gynt, is probably named for Rasmus Ibsen, the oldest known Ibsen, and modelled after Ibsen's wealthy maternal grandfather, Johan Andreas Altenburg. Ibsen's great-aunt Kristine Cathrine Ploug (née Altenburg), who lived with the Ibsen family, served as the model for characters such as "The Rat-Wife" in Little Eyolf. The character "Hedvig" in The Wild Duck is named for Ibsen's sister Hedvig Ibsen and/or his grandmother Hedevig Paus. Ibsen's plays often take place in bourgeois circles in small towns reminiscent of Skien, resembling the social environment of his childhood. Members Rasmus Ibsen (1632–1703), a ship's captain from Stege, Denmark. Peder Rasmussen Ibsen (died 1765), ship's captain and merchant, settled in Bergen where he became a burgher. Henrik Ibsen (1726–1765), merchant in Skien, who married Wenche Dishington (1738–1780). After Ibsen's death, Wenche married parish priest Jacob von der Lippe (1732–1804) Henrich Ibsen (1765–1797), ship's captain and merchant in Skien, who married Johanne Plesner (1770–1847). Henrich Ibsen died at sea in 1797, and Johanne married shipowner Ole Paus (1776–1855). Knud Ibsen (1797–1877), merchant in Skien until his bankruptcy in 1835, who married Marichen Altenburg (1799–1869). Johan Altenburg Ibsen (1826–1828) Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906), playwright, who married Suzannah Thoresen (1836–1914) Sigurd Ibsen (1859–1930), Prime Minister of Norway, who married Bergliot Bjørnson (1869–1953) Tancred Ibsen (1893–1978), film director, who married Lillebil Krohn (1899–1989) Tancred Ibsen, Jr. (born 1921), Ambassador, married Ellinor (b. 1922) Nora Bergliot Ibsen (born 1951), theatre director, has issue Hedda Sophie Yvonne Ibsen (born 1956), has issue Irene Ibsen (1901–1985), author, who married Josias Bille, had issue (including sons Anders Bille (1940-2011) (grandsons: Steen Oluf Bille and Bernt Ivar Bille) and Joen Bille (b. 1944) (granddaughter Beate Bille and grandson Johan Peder Bille) Eleonora Ibsen (1906–1978) Johan Andreas Ibsen (born 1830), emigrated to the US in 1849. According to a letter he sent home in 1860, he settled in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Whereabouts since unknown, no known issue. Hedvig Ibsen (1831–1920), married ship's captain Jacob Stousland, had issue (including son Carl Stousland) Nicolai Alexander Ibsen (1834–1888), unmarried, physically disabled after his nanny dropped him to the floor, emigrated to the US in the late 1860s, lived in Estherville, Iowa. Ole Paus Ibsen (1835–1917), married Anne Marthe Boyesen and Jenny Myhre, no issue. Illegitimate descendants of Henrik Ibsen As legally established, Henrik Ibsen also had an illegitimate son by the maid Else Sophie Birkedalen (1818–1892), named Hans Jacob Henriksen (Birkedalen) (1846–1916) (Henriksen is an active patronymic, meaning "son of Henrik [Ibsen]", as opposed to the "frozen" patronymic Ibsen). Hans Jacob Henriksen was a blacksmith and married three times, to Mathilde Andreasdatter (1851–1881), Trine Marie Gunvaldsen (died 1882) and Ida Gurine Olsdatter (died 1938). He was the father of eight children, including Jens Hansen Birkedalen (1876–1895), who was a ship's cook at the schooner "Josef af Lillesand", and who died at a hospital in Løgstør, Denmark Ole Hansen Birkedalen (1884–1884), died as an infant Isak Hansen Birkedalen (1885–1888), died as an infant Inga Hansine Hansdatter Birkedalen (1888–1904) Gunda Elise Hansdatter Birkedalen (1892–1896) Jenny Hansdatter Birkedalen (1895–1922) Henrik Ibsen had no contact with his illegitimate son or grandchildren, who lived in relatively humble conditions. Most of the grandchildren died as children, and neither of them had descendants. Even if they were male line descendants of the Ibsen family, they were not entitled to use the family name Ibsen under the law of the time, were hence legally not considered members of the Ibsen family, and had no inheritance rights. Henrik Ibsen was however obliged to pay for the upbringing of his son until he was 14 years old. After receiving a letter from Grimstad's judge Johan Caspar Preus on the paternity of the child, Henrik Ibsen acknowledged the paternity in a reply letter of 7 December 1846, as "I unfortunately have had sexual intercourse with her." Footnotes Literature Johan Kielland Bergwitz, Henrik Ibsen i sin avstamning: norsk eller fremmed?, Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1916 Henrik Jæger, Henrik Ibsen, 1828-1888: A Critical Biography, A.C.McClurg, 1890 (1888) Høgvoll, Arvid; Bærland, Ruth (1996). Henrik Ibsen: herregårder, kammerherrer, godseiere og proprietærer : brokker av en slektshistorie, Nome Antikvariat Category:Ibsen family Category:Norwegian people of Danish descent Category:Skien

Streptomyces eurocidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces eurocidicus produces azomycin, eurocidin C, eurocidin D, eurocidin E, tertiomycine A, 2-nitroimidazole and tertiomycine B. Further reading See also List of Streptomyces species References External links Type strain of Streptomyces eurocidicus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase eurocidicus Category:Bacteria described in 1991

Romanesque architecture in Spain is the architectural style reflective of Romanesque architecture, with peculiar influences both from architectural styles outside the Iberian peninsula via Italy and France as well as traditional architectural patterns from within the peninsula. Romanesque architecture was developed in and propagated throughout Europe for more than two centuries, ranging approximately from the late tenth century until well into the thirteenth century. During the eighth century, though Carolingian Renaissance extended its influence to Christian Western Europe, Christian Spain remained attached to the traditional Hispano-Roman and Gothic culture, without being influenced by European cultural movements, until the arrival of the Romanesque. Romanesque architecture spread throughout the entire northern half of Spain, reaching as far as the Tagus river, at the height of the Reconquista and Repoblación, movements which greatly favoured the Romanesque development. The First Romanesque style spread from Lombardy to the Catalan region via the Marca Hispánica, where it was developed and from where it spread to the rest of the peninsula with the help of the Camino de Santiago and the Benedictine monasteries. Its mark was left especially on religious buildings (e.g. cathedrals, churches, monasteries, cloisters, chapels) which have survived into the twenty-first century, some better preserved than others. Civil monuments (bridges, palaces, castles, walls and towers) were also built in this style, although few have survived. Background and historical context The Romanesque period corresponds to a time when Christianity was more secure and optimistic. Europe had seen, in the preceding centuries, the decline of the Carolingian splendour and had undergone Norman and Hungarian invasions (the Hungarians reached as far as Burgundy) that resulted in the destruction of many of the peninsula's monasteries. In Spain the Almanzor campaigns were disastrous, also razing and destroying many of the monasteries and small churches. Towards the end of the tenth century, a number of stabilizing events restored some balance and tranquillity in Europe, greatly easing the political situation and life in Christendom. The main forces that emerged were the Ottomans and the Holy Roman Empire, including the pope, whose power became universal and who had the power in Rome to crown emperors. In Spain the Christian kings were well underway with the Reconquista, signing pacts and cohabitation charters with the Muslim kings. Within this context an organizational spirit emerged throughout Christendom with the monks from Cluny. Monasteries and churches were built during these years and architecture was geared towards more durable structures to withstand future attack as well as fire and natural disasters. The use of a vault instead of a wood covering spread throughout Europe. Additionally communications were re-established and there was rapprochement between various European monarchs as well as restored relations with Byzantium. The Roman legacy of roads and highways allowed better communication between the numerous monasteries and facilitated pilgrimages to the holy places or small enclaves of popular devotion. As a result, commerce was increased and the movement of people disseminated new lifestyles, among which was the Romanesque style. Shrines, cathedrals, and others, were built in the Romanesque style over nearly two and a half centuries. Artists and professionals In the Middle Ages, the concept of "architect" – as understood amongst the Romans – fell out of use, giving way to a social change. The duties of the former architect came to rest on the master builder. This was an artist who, in most cases, took part in the actual construction along with the team of workers which he had under his command. The master builder was the one who oversaw the edifice (as the ancient architect did), but at the same time could also be a craftsman, a sculptor, a carpenter or stonecutter. This person was usually educated in monasteries or groups of unionized masonic lodges. Many of these master builders were the designers of gorgeous portals or porticos, such as the one at the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral made by Master Mateo, the portico of the Nogal de las Huertas in Palencia, by Master Jimeno, or the north portal of the San Salvador de Ejea de los Caballeros Church (in Zaragoza province) by Master Agüero. All Romanesque architectural work was made up of the director (master builder), a foreman in charge of a large group forming workshops of stonecutters, masons, sculptors, glassmakers, carpenters, painters and many other trades or specialties, who moved from one place to another. These crews formed workshops from which local masters often emerged, who were able to raise rural churches. In this set we must not forget the most important figure, the patron or developer, without whom the work would not be completed. From documents that have survived in Spain about works contracts, litigation and other issues, it is known that a house or living accommodation was allocated in the cathedrals for the master and his family. There are litigation documents that speak of the problems of the widow of a master, where she claimed for herself and her family a house for life. In some cases, this issue presented a real conflict as the subsequent master of the building would also need to occupy the house. The master builders frequently had to commit themselves for a lifetime if the work were long-term, as was the case of Master Mateo with the construction of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral or Master Ramon Llambard (or Raimundo Lambardo) with the Santa Maria de Urgel Cathedral. There was a provision in the contracts requiring that masters always provide: their daily presence on site and strict control of workers and of the progress of the building. A work house was also always built for the preparation of materials and carving of the stone. Many fourteenth-century documents speak of this house: La obra de iglesia de Burgos que há unas casas cerca de la dicha iglesia en que tienen todas las cosas que son menester para la dicha obra; e los libros de las cuentas é todas las otras herramientas con que labran los maestros en la dicha obra. (The construction of the Burgos church that has some houses near the said church in which they have all the things that are necessary for said work; and the books of the accounts and all other tools with which the masters labour in the said work.) Stonemasons Stonemasons formed the bulk of workers in the erection of the building. The number of stonecutters could vary depending on the local economy. Some of these numbers are known, such as the Old Cathedral of Salamanca, which employed between 25 and 30. Aymeric Picaud in his Codex Calixtinus provides data that: [...] with about 50 other stonemasons who worked there regularly, under the caring direction of Don Wicarto (con aproximadamente otros 50 canteros que allí trabajaban asiduamente, bajo la solícita dirección de don Wicarto)[...] These masons and other workers were exempted from paying taxes. They were separated in two groups depending on their specialization. The first group those who were engaged in a special high-quality work (genuine sculpting artists) and who worked at their own pace, leaving their completed work at the site to be later placed on the building. The second group were permanent employees, who raised buildings stone upon stone and put in place those quality pieces or carved reliefs done by the first group at the right time. This way of working could lead to a time lag in the pieces being placed some time after being created, a lag in many cases which has become a big problem for historians in dating the building. There was also a group of unskilled labourers who worked wherever there was a need. In many cases these people offered their work or skill as an act of mercy because as Christians they were willing to collaborate on a great work dedicated to their God. In any case they received a remuneration that was either by the day or per piece. In documents many names appear on lists of daily wages so this act was not arbitrary but rather well regulated. Among the Cistercians they became known as cuadrillas de ponteadores (scoring crews), made up of laymen or monks who moved from one county to another, always under the direction of a professional monk, whose job it was to pave grounds, build roads, or build bridges. Anonymity and artists' signatures Most Romanesque works are anonymous in the sense of lacking a signature or proof of authorship. Even if the work is signed, specialists historians sometimes have difficulty distinguishing whether reference is made to the actual creator or the sponsor of the work. Sometimes however, the signature is followed or preceded by an explanation that clarifies whether it is one or the other person. Arnau Cadell made it clear on the Sant Cugat capital: This is the image of Arnau Cadell sculptor who built this cloister for posterity. hec est arnalli sculptoris forma catelli qui claustrum tale construxit perpetuale Rodrigo Gustioz also wanted to be immortalized for his funding of an arch in the Santa Maria de Lebanza: Rodrigo Gustioz made this arc, a man from Valbuena, soldier, pray for him. isto arco fecitrodricus gustiut vir valdebonus militeorate pro illo This notice by another sponsor appears on a capital: El prior Pedro Caro hizo esta iglesia, casa, claustro y todo lo que aquí está fundado en el año 1185. Prior Pedro Caro made this church, house, cloister and everything here was founded in 1185. In other cases it is the systematic study of the sculpture along with the architecture that has allowed historians to draw conclusions. Thus it is known that in the Lleida Cathedral, Pere de Coma served as master builder from 1190-1220, but during that period there were also several clearly differentiated sculpture workshops. The same study conducted in the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral suggests Master Mateo as the promoter and director of successive workshops which has aspects performed by different hands but under one coherent direction. The fact that most Romanesque works have remained anonymous has developed the theory that the artist considered that he was not the right person to place his name on works dedicated to God. However, on one hand, the few civil works that remain are not signed either and on the other hand, such a view is countered by a long list that could be given of artists who sign their works themselves, among which are: Raimundo de Monforte, which appears in 1129 documents as contracted to build the Lugo Cathedral. Pedro Deustamben, appears on a funeral epitaph in San Isidoro de León as builder of the domes. Raimundo Lambard or Lambardo, who worked from 1175 on the Urgell Cathedral. Masters Bernardo el Viejo, Roberto and Esteban who worked on the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral. Master Pere de Coma, who worked in the late twelfth century on the Lleida Cathedral. Master Micaelis, who worked on several churches and chapels in northern Palencia, and left his portrait while working on the portal of in Palencia. The list could be extended with many more names which appeared right on the stone itself by way of signature or on procurement documents, as proof that the intended construction was neither prohibited nor discouraged. What is difficult to distinguish in many cases is the trade of the person signing as they could either be architects, specialized stonemasons or sculptors of selected pieces. All of them were often called Master and all used his craft during the construction according to the wishes and the mandate of the promoters and patrons. Developers and sponsors In the Romanesque world both the promoter of the works as well as the patron and financier were the true stars of the architectural work or the work of art to be created. They are in charge and determine how the work should be done, what should be the characters or the saints in sculpture and reliefs, the geometric dimensions (which then will be the responsibility of the true professional to carry them out with mathematical rigor) and they encourage and exalt the project. The promoters were in charge of hiring and also calling the best artists and architects who worked with their momentum and enthusiasm. Especially in sculpture and painting, the artist was fully submitted to the will of the patrons and sponsors, without whose intervention the work would never be done. The Romanesque artist adapted to the will of these people giving the best work of his trade and complying with the satisfaction of a job well done without having any desire nor intending to acquire worldwide fame as he began to develop from the Renaissance. The pride of a job well done and the recognition of his peers and patron were the greatest of the awards and so sometimes this pride led them to put it very simply in one of his finished works. In Spain, kings and a minority of the nobility introduced the new Romanesque trends early on (which carried with it a Benedictine renewal and acceptance of the Roman Liturgy), while another part of the nobility and most of the bishops and monks still clung to the old ways and the Hispanic liturgy. However the Romanesque fully triumphed and this was mainly due to the patrons and promoters who carried out great works from which the new style was developed throughout the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula. Abbot Oliba was a patron, sponsor and huge promoter of Romanesque art in Catalonia from an early date. In 1008 he was appointed abbot of the monasteries in Ripoll and Cuixá and ten years later he was appointed bishop of Vich. His travels to Rome (1011 and 1016) and his contact with Franco monasticism, accounted for his knowledge of the Roman liturgy and its introduction into the Catalan Church. The Benedictine reform in Cluny had a considerable impact on Cuixá with which Oliba maintained close relations. Oliba adopted Cluny's standards, both in architecture as well as customs and under his patronage and direction major reforms were carried out, new buildings or in other cases mere extensions to suit the needs of the times. During these initial years Abbot Oliba endeavored to be present at consecrations - meetings in which discussions regarding a particular construction, etc. were held. Oliba, during the period between 1030 and 1040 was the driving force behind important buildings such as: Church of Sant Vicenç, completely rebuilt. Montserrat and Montbuy Monasteries. The Ripoll, Cuixá, St-Martin-du-Canigou and Vic Monasteries, the latter of which he was personally and directly involved. Sant Pere de Rodes. Girona Cathedral. Architectural schools in Spain In Spain geographical schools of architecture such as those in France, are not easily distinguished, because they are usually mixed with other architectural forms. However, there are a variety of buildings that can be clearly identified, if not entirely but to a large extent, as following the pattern of these French schools: The Auvergne School seen in the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral and the San Vicente Basilica in Avila. The Poitou School, with Santo Domingo de Soria and most twelfth-century Catalan churches, such as Sant Pere de Rodes and Sant Pere de Galligants. The Périgord School, examples of which are now part of the transition to the Gothic, such as the Toro Collegiate (except its Byzantine-influenced dome). Local variations Each kingdom, region or geographic region of the peninsula, and some human events (such as the Camino de Santiago), marked a distinctive style influenced by the geographical environment itself, by tradition, or simply by the gangs of hired masons and builders who moved from one place to another. As a result, in Romanesque architecture in Spain there are variations such as Catalan Romanesque, Aragonese Romanesque, Palencia Romanesque, Castilian and Leónese Romanesque, among others. Another fact to consider is the survival of the Moorish populations, who formed gangs of workers and artists who gave a special stamp to buildings. These are what is known as brick Romanesque or Moorish Romanesque. Romanesque periods In Spain, as in the rest of the Western Christian world, Romanesque art developed over three stages with their own characteristics. Historiography has defined these stages as early Romanesque, full Romanesque and late Romanesque. First Romanesque: architecture comprises a well-defined geographical area that runs from northern Italy, Mediterranean France, Burgundy and Catalan and Aragonese lands in Spain. It developed from the late tenth century until the middle of the eleventh century, except in isolated locations. During this Romanesque period, there were neither miniature paintings nor monumental sculptures. Full Romanesque: developed from east towards Lisbon and from the south of Italy to Scandinavia. It spread, thanks to the monastic movement, the unification of the Catholic faith with the Roman liturgy and communication channels along the routes. It began its launch in the first half of the eleventh century and continued until mid-twelfth century. The best examples are in the "pilgrimage churches" (e.g. the Santiago cathedral), especially in areas of the repoblación. It is characterized by the inclusion of monumental sculptures in the portals and spandrels and for the decoration and styling of the capitals, mouldings, fascias, etc. The Jaca Cathedral was one of the first temples – if not the first – that was elevated with the aesthetic ideas and architecture of this Romanesque style which entered the peninsula with large French Romanesque influences. The decoration of its imposts and Romanesque arches with geometric themed checkerboard played a role in many of the buildings that were later built, giving this style the name of beleaguered or chequered Jaques. Late Romanesque: chronologically it was diffused from the end of the full Romanesque period until the first quarter of the thirteenth century, when it began to be succeeded by Gothic art. This period was the busiest in terms of the construction of monasteries by the Cistercian monks. Construction of Romanesque buildings in Spain Romanesque religious buildings were never as monumental as the French constructions, or the constructions that later gave rise to Gothic art. The first buildings designs had thick walls and small openings through which a dim light could enter from outside. Later there was an evolution in the construction of the walls allowing the buildings to be better lightened and for opening bigger windows. The monastic buildings were the most numerous sharing importance with the cathedrals. Churches and parishes were constructed in cities while in small towns countless small churches, known as rural Romanesque, were built. Material The most precious but also the most expensive material was the stone. The stonemasons busied themselves carving it with a chisel, always selecting the good face of the block. These were made into ashlars, which were generally available in horizontal rows and sometimes used along the edges. Hard rocks were almost always used. Masonry was also used, with hewn stone in the corners, windows and doors. If the stone was hard to get, because the corresponding geographic location had no quarries, or because it was too expensive at certain times, they used baked brick, slate or any ashlars stone. Paint and plaster were used as finish, both for the stone as well as for the masonry and the other materials, so that, once the walls were painted, it was difficult to distinguish whether it had one or the other underneath. Colourful Romanesque architecture was as widespread as it had been in Roman buildings. Foundations Medieval builders did extensive study for the foundation, taking into account the type of building that was to be built, the materials that were to be used and the ground upon which the building would be laid. First deep ditches were dug and were filled with stones and rubble. Trenches were distributed under the walls that would go over them and others were made crosswise in order to join the passageways together and strengthen the pillars of the transverse arches. The foundation formed a network that practically sketched the plan of the temple, thus differing from the isolated foundation for the support of the pillars used in the Gothic style. In some ruined churches all that remains is this foundation, giving archaeologists good study material. Archaeologists are able to determine the thickness of the walls from these revealed remains of the foundations, although it is known that in this respect the builders rather exaggerated and made excessively deep trenches and overly thick foundation for fear of landslides. Vaults, naves and ceilings During the First Romanesque period, many rural churches were still being covered with a wooden roof, more so in Catalonia and especially in the Boi Valley where the Romanesque renewal of old churches was done by Lombard builders who covered the gabled naves with a wooden structure, respecting the old traditions of the region. However, the apse in these churches was always topped with an oven vault. Throughout the eleventh century, naves were covered with barrel vaults, either a half barrel or a quarter barrel, a device used in Romanesque architecture throughout Europe. Later the groin vault was used. In Catalonia, these barrel vaults were used without reinforcements, while in Castile and León arches were used as support. The use of the groin vault (arising from the crossing of two perpendicular barrel vaults) had been lost and was later taken up by great master builders. The groin vault in turn gave way to the ribbed vault, which later became very common in Gothic architecture. The type of vaults used exclusively on the stairs of the towers were also called helical vaults. Examples of their use are at San Martín de Fromista, Sant Pere de Galligants and San Salvador de Leyre, among others. Corner vaults were built in the cloisters of monasteries and cathedrals. These result from the meeting of two groups in a cloister. The finishing of these vaults was not very easy, so builders had to use various tricks that ensured that flaws were not easily visible to the naked eye. Arches In Spain the most used arch was the semicircular although the horseshoe arch and the pointed arch were also used. The arch was used exclusively throughout the eleventh century and first half of the twelfth century. In order to achieve certain heights, the vaults were made quite stilted, as in Sant Joan de les Abadesses. Many arcs were built doubled with the intention that they would be stronger. Later, in the portals, arches were formed with archivolts, i.e. a sequence of concentric arches decorated with simple or decorative plants or geometric mouldings. Pointed arches came from the Orient. It is unknown the exact date of their use in Romanesque architecture in Spain, although historians proposed some dates based on buildings containing one or more pointed arches that sometimes spawn an entire vault in some of its parts. There are buildings that correspond to the first quarter of the twelfth century, such as the Lugo and Santa Maria de Terrassa cathedrals. The early use of these arcs became a construction element which provided many advantages. It was an architectural breakthrough that the Cistercian monks were able to see from the beginning. Buttresses Buttresses are continuous thick vertical walls that are placed at the sides of an arch or vault to counteract attacks. They were also placed on the outer walls of the naves of churches or cloisters. In Romanesque architecture are always visible is one of the elements that characterize it, especially in Spanish architecture, except in the Catalonia area where construction was done adopting a greater thickness of the walls. Covers The buildings were covered with a roof that could be made of different materials: Stone (used frequently). These covers can still be seen in the Gallo tower of the old of Salamanca cathedral and the Ávila Cathedral. Roof tile - capable of being changed frequently, the material resists weathering over time. Glazed sheets, rare materials. It is located in the spire of the tower of the former Valladolid. Slate, especially in areas where this material is abundant, especially in Galicia. Towers In Spanish buildings towers are located in different parts of the church - on the sides, over the transept and, in very special cases, over the straight section of the apse, as in the churches of the city of Sahagún in León. This placement was because, being built of brick (a material less consistent than stone), the builders had to locate the towers in the strongest, more resistant section (usually at the apses). A façade made up of two towers was not very common and usually seen only in temples of great importance. Towers served as steeples, especially in the Romanesque styles in Castile and León, they are what are called Turres signorum. In many cases they were built as defence towers, especially in border territories experiencing military conflict, and the location of the tower depended on what was being defended. Thus the tower of the church of the Silos monastery was located to defend the monastery, the tower of the San Pedro de Arlanza monastery was a very important defence for the entire area. The military aspect of these Romanesque towers evolved and changed over time so that at present it is difficult to guess at their original purpose or purpose for which they were used in other eras. In many cases these towers were attached to the sides of the church, and some even completely independent of the churches. Bell-gables A gable is an architectural element that is usually built on the façade and used, instead of a tower, to house the bells. The bell-gable (referred to as espadaña in the Iberian peninsula) was built as a vertical continuation of the wall and the spans were opened to receive the bells. The gable was easier and cheaper to build. In Spanish Romanesque they were very numerous especially in smaller rural Romanesque churches. They were made of a single span or several terraced storeys. They usually had pointed or pinion tops. There are all kinds of gables in the Romanesque style of Campoo and Valderredible. There are some spectacular ones in other locations such as the one at Agullana in the Alto Ampurdán or the Astudillo, with five openings. There are more modest ones such as at the Santa Maria de Valbuena Monastery where its veins also have a unique placement. Paintings During the Romanesque era, a building was not considered finished until its walls had appropriate paintings. The walls of the most important and significant parts (especially the apses) were lined inside with iconographic paintings, many of which have come down to the twenty-first century, such as those belonging to churches in the Tahull Valley. The walls, both inside and out, were covered with a layer of paint in one color and the imposts, vains and columns were highlighted in the original material, but sometimes they were also painted in bright colors: green, yellow, ocher, red and blue. This custom of painting or revoking the buildings was not new or unique to the Romanesque of the Middle Ages but represented an inheritance or continuity of the construction method from olden times. Whether the material used was stone, ashlar or if the masonry was in bricks, the finish was a painted surface. Thus, in many cases it could not be determined if the exterior was made of stone or brick, which could only be determined from plaster scrapings. The paint finish gave the buildings protection against environmental assaults but these were removed in the nineteenth-century when theories were applied to expose the original building materials. Some of these paintings have remained in certain buildings, as a testimony of the past, on walls, sculptures and capitals. On the façade of the , traces of paint were still visible into the twentieth century, as witnessed and described by the Spanish historian Marqués de Lozoya. Sometimes carving the baskets of the capitals was too expensive and they were left completely smooth so that the painter could finish them with floral or historical motifs. In the San Paio de Abeleda church in Ourense, there are vestiges of paintings on some capitals, which have even been repainted throughout its history. Fragments of capitals with their original painting have been found among the ruins of the San Pedro de Arlanza monastery and they give an indication of how the rest was decorated. Cistercian and Premonstratensians monks also painted the walls of their churches, in white or a light earthy color, and they sometimes outlined the joints of the blocks. Sculptures The use of sculptures as decoration for buildings during the full Romanesque period was something so commonplace that it was considered a necessity. Architecture and sculpting represented an inseparable iconographical program. The idea of the Church (an idea developed and disseminated by the Benedictines of Cluny), was to teach Christian doctrine through the sculptures and paintings of the apses and interior walls. The capitals of the columns, the spandrels, the friezes, the cantilevers and the archivolts of the portals were intricately decorated with stories from the Old and New Testaments. These sculptures were not limited to religious depictions but also covered a number of profane but equally important issues to the eleventh- and twelfth-century population, such as field work, the calendar (as in the case of the capitals of the Santa María la Real de Nieva cloister, from late Romanesque), war, customs, among others. In other buildings real, mythological and symbolic animals were sculpted, plus allegories of vices and virtues (the best example can be given in the erotic corbels of the San Pedro de Cervatos Collegiate in southern Cantabria). These decorations were not always of a historical or animals type; geometric decoration was very important at the beginning of the Romanesque thus floral and plant decoration were also used. Often the carved tympanum or the frieze depicted a series of images along the capitals of the columns of the archivolts. Churches The temples of the First Romanesque are simple, with a single nave topped by a semicircular apse (without a transept). The prototype of the Romanesque church was non-rural, medium-sized and with the floor plan of a basilica with three naves containing three semicircular apses and a transept. Throughout the twelfth century the traditional Hispanic type temples with three straight and terraced apses were still being built in some areas (such as in the city of Zamora). Church plans were adapted to the liturgical needs, as the number of canons or friars who required more altars for their religious functions was increasing. Temples were built with Benedictine Cluny-style apses added. A long transept that could accommodate more apses was adopted in Cistercian architecture, and there are more examples of this type of construction. This feature was also adopted by the cathedrals (Tarragona, Lleida, Ourense and Sigüenza). There are also examples of cruciform structures that precisely depict a Latin cross, such as the eleventh-century Santa Marta de Tera church in Zamora, or the San Lorenzo de Zorita del Páramo church in Palencia, whose header is not square but semicircular. There are also circular plans, with a single nave such as the San Marcos church in Salamanca, or the Vera Cruz church in Segovia. Vestry In the Romanesque era small churches or parish churches did not have vestries. Vestries were only added to these churches beginning in the sixteenth century. However, in the grand monasteries or cathedrals there was a space adapted in the cloister for this purpose. Crypts Crypts are one of the characteristic features of Romanesque architecture. In the First Romanesque, its use spread due to the influence of the Franks. Spaces were built just below the top of the church and were intended for keeping the relics of martyrs, the worship of whom came about from Carolingian influence. They usually had three naves with a groin vault cover, although there are variations, such as the circular crypt with a pillar in the center (Cuixá and Sant Pere de Rodes). Throughout the eleventh century, they began to lose importance as recipients of relics and were instead built for practical and necessary architectural purposes, adapting to the terrain on which the church was built (this is the function of the Monastery of Leyre crypt). Throughout the twelfth century, few crypts were built and those that were built were due to the uneven ground. Later the crypts were converted to funerary purposes. Tribunes The tribunes were galleries over the aisles that were used by important people to monitor the liturgy. They had little importance in Romanesque Spain, with their construction being very scarce. Two examples are known: the San Vicente de Avila and the Basilica of San Isidoro. Traditional historiography suggests that, in the latter church, the tribune was a special place for Queen Sancha, wife of Ferdinand I, but more recent studies show that the dates do not match. There is little information on this architecture. Triforia A triforium is a gallery with arches running along the top of the lower naves of a church, below the large windows of the main nave. It sometimes surrounds the apse at the same height. Its origin was purely cosmetic, since if the nave was too high there was a heavy space between the ceiling windows and the supporting arches of the lower lateral naves. At first the arch of the triforium was not set, but it was then thought that it could be used to provide light and ventilation, while leaving a passage for building services and surveillance. This construction could be done because the aisles are always pushed into the central nave, thus leaving a usable hole of the same depth as the width of the aisle. This element had its true development in the Gothic era. In Spanish Romanesque architecture triforia are scarce because the bare wall was usually left in their place or a blind arcade was built. A good example of a triforium is the Santiago de Compostela cathedral. The aisles of this temple has two floors and the triforium occupies the entire second, covering the entire building and lining the outside by a series of windows that provide light and interior arches. Another example is in the Lugo Cathedral, although in this case it runs along all the walls. In San Vicente de Ávila the triforium is a dark gallery that does not provide light from outside. In some pilgrimage churches the triforium was at times used as an area for overnight accommodation for pilgrims. Porticos and galleries The portico is a space originally designed for preventing inclement weather. It was constructed in both rural and city churches, in front of the main door to protect it. In most cases they were made with a wooden structure that stood the test of time, but in many cases the construction was in stone resulting in galleries of great development, which in some cases were true works of art. The porticos were reminiscent of the narthex of the Latin basilicas. It formed an advanced body over the central part of the main façade and if this façade had towers then it occupied the space between them, as in the Portico of Glory in Santiago de Compostela cathedral. At other times it occupied the entire front, forming a covered space that was called a "Galilee". Rose windows Rose windows are circular windows made of stone, whose origin is in the Roman oculus of the basilicas. In Spain these rose windows were employed from the eleventh century. Throughout the Romanesque, rose windows became important and increased in size, culminating in the Gothic era, which produced some of the most beautiful and spectacular specimens. Cloisters The cloister is an architectural unit usually built next to cathedrals and monastic churches, attached to the north or south. The cloister par excellence is the one promulgated by the Benedictine monks. The different units of the cloister, hinged on all four sides of a square courtyard, were dedicated to the service of the life of the community. In Spanish Romanesque many cloisters have been preserved, especially in the Catalan region. Civil and military architecture The Romanesque civil architecture is almost unheard of and most of the buildings that are considered to be from this period, are not, although some retain parts of the foundation or a door or semicircular window from the Romanesque era, their development and architectural design belong to more modern times. Civil buildings Domestic buildings, including palaces, had no great pretensions. Houses were built of flimsy material (as opposed to the grandeur of the churches) and were unable to stand the test of time. When they wished to give importance to the civil architecture, the little that there was transformed and the new one was built with Gothic tendencies. So it was with the so-called Romanesque palace of Diego Gelmírez in Santiago de Compostela, which is actually a totally Gothic factory, or buildings of Segovia sinecures from the Middle Ages. There is the famous palace of Dona Berenguela in the city of Leon, called a Romanesque palace, but its structure and planning actually correspond to the last years of the late Middle Ages, far from Romanesque, though it retains (perhaps from outside the original location) some Romanesque windows. There is also, in Cuéllar, the , the origin of which is supposed to date from the time of the Repoblación. Maybe part of its foundations are Romanesque, but the current building is from the early fourteenth century, even though it has a Romanesque portal that was perhaps inherited from the previous building or reused from another. This palace is however considered as one of the few examples of civil Romanesque. Traditionally, buildings that have a good portal with a semicircular arch and large segments have been called "Romanesque" houses or palaces, but they are actually structures from the Gothic era. An example of what could be a Romanesque palace built in stone is seen in the façade of the Palace of the Kings of Navarre in Estella, Navarre. See also Spanish Romanesque Romanesque churches in Madrid List of Romanesque buildings Notes Bibliography Alcalde Crespo, Gonzalo. Iglesias rupestres. Olleros de Pisuerga y otras de su entorno. Edilesa, 2007. Bango Torviso, Isidro G. Tesoros de España. Vol. III. Románico. Espasa Calpe, 2000. Bango Torviso, Isidro G. Historia del Arte de Castilla y León. Tomo II. Arte Románico. Ámbito Ediciones, Valladolid 1994. Chamorro Lamas, Manuel. Rutas románica en Galicia. Ediciones Encuentro, Madrid 1996. García Guinea, Miguel Ángel. Románico en Palencia. Diputación de Palencia, 2002 (2nd revised edition). . García Guinea, Miguel Ángel, Blanco Martín and Francisco Javier. Iniciación al Arte Románico. La arquitectura románica: técnicas y principios. Fundación de Santa María la Real. Aguilar de Campoo, 2000. García Guinea, Miguel Ángel. Románico en Cantabria. Guías Estudio, Santander 1996. Herrera Marcos, Jesús, Arquitectura y simbolismo del románico en Valladolid. Edita Ars Magna, 1997. Diputación de Valladolid. Lampérez y Romea, Vicente. Historia de la arquitectura cristiana española en la Edad Media. Tomo I. Editorial Ámbito, 1999. Lampérez y Romea, Vicente. Historia de la arquitectura cristiana. Manuales Gallach. Editorial Espasa Calpe, Madrid 1935 Nuño González, Jaime. Iniciación al Arte Románico: Aportación de la Historia, de la Arqueología y de las ciencias auxiliares al conocimiento del estilo románico. Aguilar de Campoo, 2000. Pijoán, José. Summa Artis. Historia general del arte. Vol. IX. El arte románico siglos XI y XII. Espasa Calpe, Madrid 1949. 01 . Category:Medieval architecture Category:Catholic architecture Category:Romanesque architecture Category:Architecture of Spain pl:Architektura romańska w Hiszpanii

Daniel Bélanger (born December 26, 1961) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. His music is eclectic, inspired by alternative rock, folk and electronic music, sometimes humorous, sometimes wistful. Biography In middle 1983, he founded the band Humphrey Salade with Norman Lachance, Eric Maier and Jean Gauvin. Unfortunately, timing was not right and the band never recorded. His first solo album released in 1992, Les Insomniaques s'amusent has sold 175,000 copies and won the Félix for best pop-rock album. The first single released Opium was number one in Quebec for seven weeks and won the Félix for Videoclip of the Year. This first album also earned him the ADISQ awards for Bestselling Album of the Year, Male Performer of the Year and Show of the Year in 1994. With this debut album, Bélanger had carved out his own special place in the hearts of Quebecers. In 1996, Quatre saisons dans le désordre was released. Awards flooded in (Félix for the Pop-Rock Album, Singer-Songwriter and Show of the Year, in the singer-songwriter category), sales went wild (the album was certified Platinum), and titles like Les deux printemps, Sortez-moi de moi and Les Temps fous (Félix for Videoclip of the Year) topped the charts. 1998: Daniel Bélanger toured, revealing an artist able to inhabit the whole stage performing solo, with music and comic monologues; this led to the recording of an unusual album, Tricycle (1999), featuring excerpts from performances recorded at different points in his career. 2000: Daniel Bélanger thrilled his fans with Erreur d’impression, a collection of 150 whimsical stories and reflections bordering on the absurd, and founded the publishing house Coronet liv. He continued to take part in major shows, including the opening concert of the 12th FrancoFolies de Montréal, featuring legendary singers from three generations: Jean-Pierre Ferland, Michel Rivard and himself. With the album Rêver mieux (certified Platinum) released in October 2001, Bélanger employed electro sounds with playful inspiration and wowed his fans. Rêver mieux was showered with tributes (seven ADISQ awards in 2002, including Pop-Rock Album of the Year, and the following year, the ADISQ award for Videoclip of the Year for Dans un Spoutnik, the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year, and various other distinctions). Daniel Bélanger has also made successful inroads into the world of film music (nomination for the Genie Award for Best Original Song for the movie theme Le Dernier souffle in 2000; Jutra for Best Music for L’Audition in 2006). L'Échec du matériel, in stores April 2007, is an album just as poetic and melodious as Rêver mieux, but more rooted in the concerns and aspirations of his contemporaries. Belanger won the 2008 Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year for L'Échec du matériel. In November 2009, he released his album Nous and, once again, won the Félix for the Pop-Rock Album in 2010. In 2010 he wrote the music for the French musical Les Belles-Soeurs and its 2014 English adaptation, Belles Soeurs: The musical. In 2018 his album Paloma was named Francophone album of the year at the Juno Awards. Discography Videography Ensorcelée (1992) Les temps fous (1992) Le parapluie (1996) Chante encore (2002) Spoutnik (2002) Reste (2009) References Category:1961 births Category:Singers from Montreal Category:Canadian singer-songwriters Category:Canadian pop singers Category:Canadian male singers Category:French-language singers of Canada Category:Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year winners Category:Living people Category:Audiogram artists Category:20th-century Canadian singers Category:21st-century Canadian singers Category:20th-century male singers Category:21st-century male singers

Bonamia menziesii, commonly known as Hawaii lady's nightcap, is a species of flowering plant in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is a vine or twisting liana with branches that can reach in length. Hawaii lady's nightcap inhabits steep slopes and level ground in dry, coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and, sometimes, wet forests at elevations of . Scattered populations exist on most main islands, but the total number of individuals remaining is probably fewer than 1000. The plant is threatened by habitat loss. Habitat has been destroyed or degraded by development, fires, exotic plant species, and agriculture. Military exercises damage part of the critical habitat on Oahu. Feral pigs, goats, cattle, sheep and deer eat the plant and trample the habitat. The non-native sweet potato bug (Physomerus grossipes) has been noted to feed on the plant. References menziesii Category:Endemic flora of Hawaii Category:Critically endangered plants Category:NatureServe critically imperiled species Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Furo Iyenemi (born 17 July 1978) is a retired Nigerian international footballer who played as a defender for clubs in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Greece. Club career Born in Okrika, Iyenemi moved to France and began playing football for Paris Saint-Germain's reserve side in 1995. He signed a contract with Belgian Pro League club K.S.V. Waregem in 1997. He acquired Belgian citizenship and moved to Swiss Super League side FC Sion. In January 2003, Iyenemi joined Greek Superleague side Akratitos F.C., where he would make 7 league appearances before leaving the club. International career Iyenemi played for Nigeria at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He captained the team as they reached the last eight of the tournament. Iyenemi played for the Nigeria national football team at the 2000 African Cup of Nations finals, making five appearances as Nigeria finished runners-up. References External links Furo Iyenemi official website Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:People from Okrika Category:Sportspeople from Rivers State Category:Association football defenders Category:Nigerian footballers Category:Nigeria international footballers Category:Olympic footballers of Nigeria Category:Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:2000 African Cup of Nations players Category:Royal Antwerp F.C. players Category:K.S.V. Waregem players Category:FC Sion players Category:Servette FC players Category:Akratitos F.C. players Category:Belgian Second Division/Belgian First Division B players Category:Super League Greece players Category:Expatriate footballers in France Category:Expatriate footballers in Belgium Category:Expatriate footballers in Switzerland Category:Expatriate footballers in Greece Category:Nigerian expatriate footballers

Mount Rat is a former subdivision in South Australia located in the locality of Wauraltee on the Yorke Peninsula. It is located near the junction of the Spencer Highway and Mount Rat Road about halfway between the centres of Maitland and Minlaton. It was first founded in the 1850s, and by 1882 had a school, hotel, blacksmiths, chapel and a large water tank. By 1905 the school had closed, and now the town has mostly disappeared. There are two water tanks and a telecommunications tower at Mount Rat. References External links Mount Rat Home Page on Veryphotographic.com.au Category:Ghost towns in South Australia

PFLAG is the United States' first and largest organization uniting parents, families, and allies with people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+). PFLAG National is the national organization, which provides support to the PFLAG network of local chapters. PFLAG has over 400 chapters across the United States, with more than 200,000 members and supporters. PFLAG (pronounced ) is no longer an acronym, but just the name of the organization. Prior to 2014, the acronym stood for Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (later broadened to Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays). Until removal of the hyphen in 1993 the name was officially styled as P-FLAG. In 2014 the membership of the organization voted to officially change the name to PFLAG to reflect the decades of fully inclusive work it had been doing in the LGBTQ+ community. History In April 1972, Jeanne Manford, an elementary school teacher, and her husband were at home in Flushing, Queens, when they learned from a hospital's telephone call that her son Morty, a gay activist, had been beaten while distributing flyers inside the fiftieth annual Inner Circle dinner, a political gathering in New York City. In response, she wrote a letter of protest to the New York Post that identified herself as the mother of a gay protester and complained of police inaction. She gave interviews to radio and television shows in several cities in the weeks that followed, sometimes accompanied by her husband or son. On June 25, she participated with her son in the New York Pride March, carrying a hand-lettered sign that read "Parents of Gays Unite in Support for Our Children". Prompted by their enthusiastic reception, they developed an idea for an organization of the parents of gays and lesbians that could be, she later said, "a bridge between the gay community and the heterosexual community". They were soon holding meetings for such parents, with her husband participating as well. She called him "a very articulate person ... a much better speaker than I. He was right along with me on everything." The first formal meeting took place on March 11, 1973 at the Metropolitan-Duane Methodist Church in Greenwich Village (now the Church of the Village). Approximately 20 people attended. In the next few years, through word of mouth and community need, similar groups sprang up around the country, offering "safe havens" and mutual support for parents with gay and lesbian children. In 1976, PFLAG LA had their first meeting of 30 parents. By 1977, the group had integrated with other LGBT activist groups to oppose Anita Bryant's anti-gay crusade and defeat the statewide Briggs Initiative. Following the 1979 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, representatives from these groups met for the first time in Washington, DC. By 1980, PFLAG, then known as Parents FLAG, began to distribute information to educational institutions and communities of faith nationwide, establishing itself as a source of information for the general public. When Adele Starr, who organized the Los Angeles P-FLAG chapter, called "Dear Abby" to discuss the purpose of P-FLAG, "Dear Abby" mentioned PFLAG in one of her advice columns. Los Angeles P-FLAG then received more than 7,500 letters requesting information. Every letter was answered by a member of the chapter. In 1981, members decided to launch a national organization. The first PFLAG office was established in Los Angeles under founding president Adele Starr. In 1982, the Federation of Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays, Inc., then representing some 20 groups, was incorporated in California and granted non-profit, tax-exempt status. In 1987, PFLAG relocated to Denver, under President Elinor Lewallen. Also in the 1980s, PFLAG worked to end the US military's efforts to discharge lesbians—more than a decade before military issues came to the forefront of the GLBT movement. And by the late 1980s, PFLAG began to have notable success in organizing chapters in rural communities. In 1990, following a period of significant growth, PFLAG employed an Executive Director, expanded its staff, and moved to Washington, DC. Also in 1990, PFLAG President Paulette Goodman sent a letter to Barbara Bush asking for Mrs. Bush's support. The first lady's personal reply stated, "I firmly believe that we cannot tolerate discrimination against any individuals or groups in our country. Such treatment always brings with it pain and perpetuates intolerance." Inadvertently given to the Associated Press, her comments caused a political maelstrom and were perhaps the first gay-positive comments to come from the White House. In time the scope of the organization expanded to include bisexuals, and ultimately, transgender people, but the name remained P-FLAG. In particular, in 1998, gender identity, including transgender people, was added to the mission of PFLAG after a vote at their annual meeting in San Francisco. PFLAG was the first national LGBT organization to officially adopt a transgender-inclusive policy for its work, vowing not only to include transgender people in all of its work, but also never to support any policies or laws that are not trans-inclusive. In 2002, PFLAG's Transgender Network, also known as TNET, became PFLAG's first official "Special Affiliate," recognized with the same privileges and responsibilities as regular chapters. In 2013, TNET was replaced by the Transgender and Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) Advisory Council. In 2004, PFLAG/Chicago was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame as a Friend of the Community. In 2013, Jeanne Manford was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by then President Barack Obama. In 2013, a bronze plaque was installed at The Church of the Village in Greenwich Village, memorializing the fact that the first meeting of what came to be PFLAG was held at the church in 1973. The plaque reads, "In 1972, Queens schoolteacher Jeanne Manford walked alongside her gay son, activist Morty Manford, at the Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade, carrying a sign that read 'Parents of Gays: Unite in Support of Our Children.' The overwhelming response to that simple act led Jeanne, her husband Jules, and early pioneers of the LGBT equality movement to create a support group for LGBT people, their parents, family, and friends. The first meeting of that group - now known as PFLAG - took place on this site in March 1973. Placed by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation in partnership with PFLAG members everywhere, in honor of the legacy of love that began here". In 2017, PFLAG celebrated the 45th anniversary of founder Jeanne Manford's famous march by her son, gay-rights activist Morty Manford's side in the 1972 Christopher Street Liberation Day March. Projects Straight for Equality is a national outreach and education project created by PFLAG National to empower new straight allies and trans allies who, unlike a more traditional PFLAG member, don't necessarily have a family or friend connection to the LGBTQ community. The Straight for Equality project was launched in 2007. This nationwide initiative expanded the organization's efforts to include more people in the equality movement than ever before. With almost 40 years of being the "straight voice in the gay movement" no other organization has as successful a track record in educating and empowering parents, families, friends and allies. Since the 2007 launch, Straight for Equality in the Workplace has been PFLAG's most successful initiative, with an always-developing array of workshops available to corporations in the US. In 2009, PFLAG launched Straight for Equality in Healthcare to educate and engage healthcare providers in all disciplines to be more culturally-inclusive in their work. In 2012, PFLAG launched Straight for Equality in Faith Communities, which features faith-focused resources and tools for people of all denominations to start having critical conversations in their faith communities to create more welcoming institutions. And in 2014, PFLAG launched a new trans ally program through Straight for Equality. Each year since 2009, PFLAG National has held the Straight for Equality Awards Gala, the only awards gala that exclusively celebrates the contributions of straight allies to the movement for LGBT equality. Past winners include civil rights pioneers like Maya Angelou and Johnnetta B. Cole; entertainer Liza Minnelli; actors Rosie Perez, Patrick Stewart, and Sigourney Weaver; Broadway stars Audra McDonald and Will Swenson; sports icons Brendon Ayanbadejo, Scott Fujita, Chris Kluwe, and Hudson Taylor; authors Charlaine Harris and John Irving; faith leaders like Jay Bakker; and organizations including IBM, KPMG, MetLife, Sodexo, and Whirlpool. Cultivating Respect: Safe Schools For All is PFLAG National's umbrella program to support the efforts of educators, parents, and other trusted adults to make schools safe and inclusive. Claim Your Rights, created in partnership with GLSEN, is a program to help parents, teachers, administrators and other trusted adults file complaints with the Office for Civil Rights at the US Department of Education on behalf of youth who have experienced school-based bullying, harassment, or discrimination. Campaigns In the mid-1990s, "Project Open Mind" caused some controversy from Pat Robertson. He threatened to sue PFLAG and any television station that aired the project's ads, which showed clips of anti-LGBT quotes from several people, including Robertson, Jerry Falwell, and United States Sen. Jesse Helms. The ads can currently be seen on the Commercial Closet webpage. Advocacy work PFLAG National and the PFLAG chapter network engages in advocacy at the local, state and federal level and has issued public policy statements on a wide variety of issues. In the early 1990s, PFLAG chapters in Massachusetts helped pass the first Safe Schools legislation in the country. By the mid-1990s a PFLAG family was responsible for the Department of Education's ruling that Title IX also protected gay and lesbian students from harassment based on sexual orientation. PFLAG put the Religious Right on the defensive, when Pat Robertson threatened to sue any station that carried Project Open Mind advertisements. The resulting media coverage drew national attention to PFLAG's message linking hate speech with hate crimes and LGBT teen suicide. PFLAG National has been on the front lines to help repeal Don't Ask, Don't Tell; in the fight for marriage equality in the United States—including filing an amicus brief with the United States Supreme Court; working to end the practice of so-called "conversion therapy" and to combat dangerous RFRA laws, and more. List of Presidents Outside the United States Similarly purposed (and sometimes similarly named) organizations have been established outside the United States since PFLAG's 1972 establishment, although the majority of such organizations are unaffiliated with each other or with the US PFLAG. Most recently, a PFLAG organization in People's Republic of China, PFLAG China was established in June 2008 by Wu Youjian in Guangzhou after accepting her son's homosexuality. Other organizations Tehila (Israel) Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (United Kingdom) PFLAG Canada (Separately originated, similarly named) Tels Quels (Belgium) Families for Sexual Diversity (Latin America) CONTACT (France) BEFAH (Germany) AGEDO (Italy) Association of Fathers and Mothers of Gays and Lesbians (Spain) FELS (Switzerland) PFLAG Vietnam (Vietnam) PFLAG China (People's Republic of China) PFLAG in Australia PFLAG South Africa PFLAG Myanmar/Burma Popular culture The organization is featured in the TV movie Prayers for Bobby, as well as in The Truth about Jane PFLAG Canada supports the web series Out with Dad. The two main characters, Rose and her dad Nathan, attend to PFLAG meetings during season 2 and 3. In the US version of Queer as Folk, characters Debbie Novotny and Jennifer Taylor are members of the organization with Debbie serving as chapter president and Jennifer joining soon after finding out her son is gay. PFLAG National provided guidance and support to Degrassi High when the show introduced its first transgender character in 2010. It offered a special resources page for viewers who wanted more information on trans issues. See also Prayers for Bobby – Film based on a book based on a true story featuring the organization References Footnotes Bibliography External links PFLAG Long Beach (California) Category:Community-building organizations Category:History of LGBT civil rights in the United States Category:LGBT family and peer support groups Category:LGBT political advocacy groups in the United States Category:Non-profit organizations based in New York City Category:Organizations established in 1973 Category:1973 establishments in New York (state)

Victor Seddon Vincent (1 June 1908 – 9 November 1964) was an Australian politician. Born at Leonora, Western Australia, he was educated at Scotch College in Perth, and then the University of Western Australia, becoming a barrister. He practiced in Kalgoorlie from 1931. After serving in World War II (1939-1945), he was a member of Kalgoorlie Municipal Council, and President of the Kalgoorlie Chamber of Commerce. In 1949, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Liberal Senator for Western Australia. He held the seat until his death in 1964; Peter Sim was appointed to replace him. References Category:1908 births Category:1964 deaths Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia Category:Members of the Australian Senate for Western Australia Category:Members of the Australian Senate Category:People from Leonora, Western Australia Category:University of Western Australia alumni Category:20th-century Australian politicians Category:People educated at Scotch College, Perth

Ryan Jay is a TV and radio film critic, Oz historian, director, writer and producer. Current Ryan Jay is one of America's most popular, nationally syndicated, radio film critics. He can be heard live Friday mornings on FM stations across the country, in addition to recorded weekly movie review segments for Premiere Networks. He is also featured weekly as resident film critic on The Morning Blend, NBC-TV affiliate in Milwaukee, WI and the FOX-TV affiliate in Fort Myers, FL. Ryan is a member of the Broadcast Film Critics Association. Every other week he can be found in the pages of Us Weekly magazine as Fashion Police. As an Oz historian, Ryan works to preserve the legacy and culture impact of all things related to The Wizard of Oz, by interviewing and presenting on behalf of many of the most high-profile productions about the subject. History As an Oz historian, Ryan has spent decades studying The Wizard of Oz and related materials, products and productions. In 2015 his handprints and autograph were cemented in the Oz Museum in Wamego, KS, just below those of Jerry Maren, the middle Lollipop Guild munchkin in The Wizard of Oz, and near other acclaimed stars of Oz films and historians. He received Honorary Lifetime Membership from the International L. Frank Baum and All Things Oz Historical Foundation in 2017, in recognition of his significant and substantial lifetime achievement in scholarship, performance, teaching and/or support of All Things Oz. Prior to going solo as a film critic in 2011, from 2006–2009, Ryan was the co-host of Clear Channel's PRIDE Radio with Ryan & Caroline, the first nationally syndicated radio talk show targeted to the LGBT community. Known as radio's "Will & Grace", Ryan and Caroline interviewed celebrities, dished pop culture gossip and covered fashion, travel and lifestyle trends. Together, Ryan and Caroline were, and continue to be featured as Fashion Police in Us Weekly magazine. They co-created the movie review and news site: WeSeeMovies.com which is now RyanJayReviews.com. Ryan & Caroline were heard every Friday on morning radio talk shows around the US offering their weekend movie previews. They were the official film critics for Premiere Radio Networks. Ryan is a member of the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA). Ryan Jay & Caroline Hand met during the summer of 2000 while working as producers at VH1 in New York City and fast became best friends. Prior to that significant moment, Ryan had earned a B.A. in Journalism from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. While in school he created and led an opportunity for fellow students, offering college credit based on his field experience as intern at Entertainment Tonight and The Sally Jesse Raphael Show. He delivered the commencement address at his graduation. After college, Ryan joined the news team at the CBS-TV affiliate in Madison, Wisconsin as an on-air reporter. His dislike for formulaic news soon led him to Chicago where he worked as a producer for The Jerry Springer Show. That experience, though wild, was invaluable and paved the way to New York City. He produced another talk show in the Big Apple before moving on to pop culture programming at VH1 where he met Caroline. Among the shows he produced for VH1 was the highly rated five-hour miniseries The 100 Greatest Red Carpet Moments. Post VH1, Ryan produced a weekly half-hour series for MTV called Bangin' the Charts. He further produced the promotional campaign for the third season of Showtime's Queer as Folk, many on-air promos for Nickelodeon, The Sundance Channel, and Logo, pilots for VH1 and the reality TV version of Sex and the City for Bravo. More recently he has produced The Millionaire Matchmaker for Bravo and What the Sell?! for TLC. References External links Ryan And Caroline Blog Category:Living people Category:American radio personalities Category:American television producers Category:LGBT broadcasters from the United States Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

AD 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 793 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 40 for this year has been used since the Early Middle Ages, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Caligula is consul without colleague. Caligula starts on a campaign to conquer Britain, which fails miserably. He declares himself victorious regardless. Noricum and Mauretania are incorporated into the Roman Empire. Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. He also appoints his horse, Incitatus, a senator. Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis. Europe The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia. Parthia Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia, opposed by his brother Gotarzes II. Vietnam The Vietnamese Trưng Sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guang Wu of Han. By topic Arts and sciences Philo teaches that all men are born free. Religion Christianity comes to Egypt as a church is founded in Alexandria. Mark the Evangelist founds the Church of Alexandria as the first Patriarch. An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date). The traditional date of Saint James the Great meeting Our Lady of the Pillar in Spain Births June 13 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor (d. AD 93) Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina (d. AD 62) Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (d. c. 115) Ma, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 79) Pedanius Dioscorides, Greek physician and pharmacologist (d. AD 90) Sextus Julius Frontinus, Roman general and military author (d. 103) Titus Petronius Secundus, Roman prefect (d. AD 97) Deaths Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the Younger (b. 17 BC) Faustus Cornelius Sulla, Roman politician and suffect consul Ptolemy of Mauretania, Roman client king (executed by Caligula) References 0040

Sharon Costantino (born 15 May 1975) is a Maltese retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper. She has been a member of the Malta women's national team. References Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Women's association football goalkeepers Category:Maltese women's footballers Category:Malta women's international footballers

Hans Petter Sjøli (born 16 January 1974 in Steinkjer) is a Norwegian journalist for Dagsavisen and Klassekampen and author of the book Mao, min mao. Historien om AKPs vekst og fall, published by Cappelen forlag in 2005. Sjøli studied history at Universitetet i Oslo, he also studied in Bergen and Trondheim. The Norwegian journalist formerly worked in Klassekampen and Dagens Næringsliv. Currently, he lives in Rodeløkka, Oslo with his family. References Category:Norwegian journalists Category:Norwegian non-fiction writers Category:1974 births Category:Living people

Phazaca is a genus of moths in the family Uraniidae first described by Walker in 1863. Description Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennae thickened and flattened in male. Forewings broad. The outer margin evenly curved. Vein 5 from below the upper angle of cell and veins 6,7 and 8,9 stalked. vein 10 from cell. Hindwings usually with the outer margin produced to points at veins 4 and 7, slightly developed in male. Vein 5 from the middle of discocellulars. Veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell or shortly stalked. Male with a fold on inner area containing a tuft of long hair, veins 1b and 2 being distorted. Wings held more or less apart in repose. Species Phazaca acutilinea (Warren, 1897) Phazaca alikangensis (Strand, 1917) Phazaca cesena (Swinhoe, 1902) Phazaca cesenaleuca Holloway, 1998 Phazaca conifera (Moore, 1887) Phazaca coniferoides Holloway, 1998 Phazaca cyclocrossa (Turner, 1926) Phazaca cythera (Swinhoe, 1902) Phazaca decorata (Warren, 1898) Phazaca erosioides Walker, 1863 Phazaca interrupta (Warren, 1896) Phazaca kellersi Tams, 1935 (from Samoa) Phazaca leucocephala (Walker, 1863) Phazaca leucocera (Hampson, 1891) Phazaca lugens (Warren, 1897) Phazaca monticesena Holloway, 1998 Phazaca mutans (Butler, 1887) Phazaca perfallax (Warren, 1898) Phazaca planimargo (Warren, 1906) Phazaca rhombifera (Warren, 1897) Phazaca stolida (Butler, 1886) Phazaca theclata (Guenée, 1857) Phazaca unicauda (Dudgeon, 1905) Phazaca unicaudoides Holloway, 1998 References Category:Uraniidae

The Fourth Dimension is the third studio album by Hypocrisy, released on October 25, 1994. The limited edition digipak (cat.-no. NB 112-2 DIGI), not to be confused with the digipak re-release, had "The Abyss" instead of "The Arrival of the Demons". This track was later re-recorded for The Arrival album. The digipak re-release contains two bonus tracks: "Request Denied" and "Strange Ways" taken from the Maximum Abduction EP. After the departure of vocalist Masse Broberg, Hypocrisy's lyrics began to focus more on the paranormal and science fiction. The person on the cover is Mikael Hedlund, Hypocrisy's bass guitar player. Track listing Credits Band members Peter Tägtgren − vocals, electric guitars, keyboards Mikael Hedlund − bass guitar Lars Szöke − drums Production Produced and mixed by Peter Tägtgren Engineered by Gunnar Silins Mastered by Gunnar Silins, at Park Studio, Stockholm Photos, art and design by P Grøn, Sweden Executive producer M. Staiger Category:Hypocrisy (band) albums Category:Nuclear Blast albums Category:1994 albums Category:Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren

Ball & Chain is a 2004 romantic comedy written by Thomas Mortimer. It was directed by Shiraz Jafri and produced by A. V. T. Shankardass. It stars Sunil Malhotra, Lisa Ray, Kal Penn, Purva Bedi and Asrani. It was filmed on location in Austin, Texas. It was released by Lions Gate Entertainment. Plot Somewhere in the middle of Texas, Ameet (Sunil Malhotra) and Saima (Lisa Ray) have a problem. They were perfectly happy avoiding each other until their parents set them up to get married. The reluctant couple decide to do whatever it takes to break off the engagement. After some very embarrassing efforts, they finally succeed in getting their parents to call off the wedding, only to realize they have another problem, they're in love! Meanwhile, Saima's father (Asrani), deciding that she's passed her expiration date, promises her to Ashol (Ismail Bashey)- a sleazy playboy. Finally, there's a wedding; Ashol's big secret, Ameet's bigger surprise, and Saima's biggest decision. Cast Sunil Malhotra as Ameet Lisa Ray as Saima Asrani as Papa Kal Penn as Bobby Purva Bedi as Ruby Ismail Bashey as Ashol Johnny Kastl as Monty Ather Ali as Dev Brea Cola as Angela Subash Kundanmal as Ameet's Father Noor Shic as Ameet's Mother Ulka Amin as Saima'a Mom Shaan Puri as Deepy Eric Dane as Jack External links Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:2000s romantic comedy films Category:American romantic comedy films

The Union Nationale fielded a full slate of 108 candidates under the leadership of Jean-Jacques Bertrand in the 1970 Quebec provincial election. Although it entered the election as the governing party, it won only seventeen seats and emerged as the official opposition in the next sitting of the National Assembly. The party, which had dominated Quebec politics at the provincial level for most of the period since 1936, was never again a serious contender for power after this election. Candidates Note: This section is incomplete. Source: References Category:Candidates in Quebec provincial elections 1970

War Music is the debut studio album of Vampire Rodents, released in 1990 by V.R. Productions. It introduced the sound of the band, and several of the techniques they would use in their later works, such as sound clips and songs in different languages. Daniel has described War Music as being "a little primitive, but very funny". Music and lyrics A simpler musical foundation consisting of drums, bass guitar and electric guitar was utilized to trick listeners into believing the duo were an industrial rock group. Similar to other industrial music of the time, sampled movie and television dialogue was peppered throughout the compositions. This prompted some to draw comparisons between the Rodents and other prominent musical acts such as Skinny Puppy and Einstürzende Neubauten. The compositions also borrow snippets of sound from previously recorded and released music, such as "Momentous" from older funk tunes. The album probably gained the most recognition for Vahnke's lyrics, which utilize dark humor to explore environmentalist and anti-human themes. Although primary an English language album, lyrics for two tracks were translated into another language: "Dumme Weisse Menschen", whose lyrics were written in German, and "PLA Man", which was written in Chinese. "Dumme Weisse Menschen", which opened the album, even caused some listeners to assume that the band comprised German musicians. The song, which translates to "stupid white people", was described by Victor Wulf as a critiquing of Western culture and an archetype of the band's philosophy. Vahnke described the Chinese language song "Pla Man" as a polemic against the Beijing government and for its involvement in the Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989. The track Abortion Clinic Deli was inspired by the famous satirical piece, A Modest Proposal. Release and reception The record was completed in January 1990 and released on cassette for a limited run of 918 pressings under the label V.R. Productions. The album was then adopted by Dossier in 1991 and re-released on CD for a wider distribution. When War Music was re-issued, the song "Meat" was moved from being the album's opener to its closer. The album is currently out of print on both labels. There were plans to re-issue the album with Premonition and an expanded track listing, including the unreleased songs "Lizardman", "Blind Acceleration", "Smartass", "Harelip", and "Annexation II". Robert Baird of the Phoenix New Times was somewhat enthusiastic about the album, saying that although "the band's darkly humorous, apocalyptic visions are set to a cyber-aggressive post-industrialist beat" that there is "a point to all the sickness and gore." Track listing Personnel Adapted from the War Music liner notes. Vampire Rodents Daniel Vahnke (as Anton Rathausen) – lead vocals, guitar, sampler Victor Wulf – keyboards, lead vocals (17) Additional musicians Karl Geist – bass guitar, keyboards Jing Laoshu – percussion Release history References External links War Music at Bandcamp War Music at Discogs (list of releases) Category:1990 debut albums Category:Vampire Rodents albums

Abanar (, also Romanized as Ābānār and Āb-e Anār) is a village in Abanar Rural District, Kalat District, Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,064, in 179 families. References Category:Populated places in Abdanan County

Santa Cruz is a former civil parish in the municipality of Coimbra, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Coimbra (Sé Nova, Santa Cruz, Almedina e São Bartolomeu). In 2001, its population was 6866 inhabitants, in an area of 5.56 km² that parallels the north (right) margin of the Mondego River, extending to the village of Adémia in Trouxemil (its density is approximately 1235 inhabitants per km²). History After the Christian conquest from the Moors, Afonso Henriques moved the capital of the kingdom from Guimarães to Coimbra, a strategic location and point of departure for future incursions into the Muslim south. Afonso Henriques sought the influential support of the Augustinian canons, such as Dom Telo, Dom Teotónio of Bragança and Dom João Peculiar, who from the Romanesque Monastery of Santa Cruz, contributed to the transformation of the city into an important cultural nucleus of the kingdom. Constructed in an area outside the gates of the old city, from 1131, the old monastery was built in the area called Banhos Régios (). The monastery, later, had an important influence on the diplomatic battle between Afonso Henriques, the Kingdom of Castile and León and the Holy See for the recognition of Kingdom. The delimitation of the historical parochia of Santa Cruz actually occurred before the recognition of the Kingdom, around 1137-1139. The masters of the monastery, such as Fernando Martins de Bulhão (later Anthony of Padua), helped motivate the cultural development of the nation's nobility, profoundly reformulated during the reign of Manuel I. King John III developed the area of Santa Cruz by transferring, definitively, to Coimbra the University, under the administration of friar Brás de Braga; this resulted initially in the construction of the Manga Garden, but was followed by the opening of the Rua da Sofia, which became the centre of many of the religious orders of the Kingdom. What followed was a period of construction, with establishment of many of the religious Colégios (colleges), such as the Colleges of São Miguel, Todos-os–Santos, São Bernardo, São Boaventura, São Domingos, São Tomás, Carmo, Graça and São Pedro), designed to mould members of the nobility and landed gentry. Its clerical beginnings was the basis for the civil parish coat-of-arms; this includes the books of Santa Cruz, the Crowns of the first Kings of Portugal, and the Holy Cross, representing its toponymy. In addition the historical Church of Santa Cruz (), the Chapel of São João das Donas, Church of Santa Justa, the Madalena and Nova Fountains, Fonte da Madalena e Fonte Nova, Inquisition Courtyard, and many aspects of the medieval architectural motifs were first established during this period. In Pedrulha, for example, there were a pillory Cross (from the 16th century), the Marco do Bolão, the Church of Nossa Senhora da Visitação, the Chapel of São Simão and Passarinhos Fountain (all created in the 17th century) were established during this period. The existence of the Jewish quarter, within the limits of its territory (around Rua Nova) was a decisive factor in the development of the mercantile community (even as Manuel I impeded their religious liberties). In the areas of Praça 8 de Maio, Rua da Louça, Rua da Moeda, Rua da Sofia, Pátio da Inquisição and Largo dos Oleiros the merchant classes thrived, resulting in the establishment of the Municipal Market, shops, banking institutions, offices, medical practives, bookstores, kiosks, café, restaurants and taverns. Geography Located in the municipality of Coimbra, Santa Cruz is part of an integrated rural-urban environment that includes the principal parishes of the city of Coimbra. It is surrounded by the civil parishes of São Bartolomeu, Santa Clara (both to the south), São Martinho do Bispo and Antuzede (in the west), Trouxemil (in the north), Eiras and São Paulo de Frades (in the east) and Santo António dos Olivias and Sé Nova (in the southeast). The parish is intersected by several rivers, including: the Mondego River (which flows from the Serra da Estrela to Figueira da Foz) through the parish, from Rua dos Oleiros until Choupal; the Ribeira de Coselhas (springing from the Serras do Roxo/Aveleira and exiting at the Rio Velho) and bisects east to west in the zone of Coselhas; the Vale do Norte, crosses the parish south to north around Campos do Bolão passing around Loreto in Pedrulha, before exiting in Adémia; the Ribeira do Vale Meão, which crosses from the Rego do Bonfim joining the Ribeira de Coselhas near Fucoli; and the Vala dos Frades, which parallels the rail-line and Vala do Norte, before joining it near Pedrulha. The 2001 Census indicated an approximation of the 1920 total population, indicating a decrease in the local population during the 20th century, marked by the transformation of the historic centre of Coimbra's Baixa zone from residential to commercial usage, the ageing of the resident population and the abandonment of the urban infrastructures. In comparison, the daily population fluctuates with 50,000 day visitors, who work in the quarter. Economy Although economic activities are essentially commerce- or service-based, an extensive agricultural space (in the area of Campos do Bolão) and industrial zone (in Pedrulha) is established in the parish, which is supported by public transport, infrastructures and socio-cultural institutions. Architecture Civic Arnado Bookstore () Building of the CGD Caixa Geral de Depoistos () Building of the CTT Correios, Telégrafos e Telefones () Coimbra City Hall () Inquisition Square () D. Pedro Kiosk/Bar () D. Pedro V Municipal Market () Fountain of Madalena () Fountain of the Jews () Hospital de São Lázaro Hotel Tivoli Jardim da Manga () (Former) Santa Cruz Infirmary/Jaime Cortesão Secondary School () (Former) Mirandas Pasta Factory () (Former) Barn of Santa Cruz/PSP Quartel () Religious Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Vitória/Corpo de Deus () Church of Carmo () Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça () Church of Santa Justa () Church of São Domingos () College of São Bernardo/Espirito Santo () College of São Pedro dos Religious Terceiros () Monastery of Santa Cruz (), established by Saint Theotonius and the Canons regular of Saint Augustine, around 1131, who supported the early aspirations of Portuguese monarchs; Monastery of São João das Donas () (Former) College of São Boaventura () (Former) College of São Tomás () References Category:Parishes of Coimbra Category:Former parishes of Portugal

Matías Santiago Sánchez (born 5 July 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chacarita Juniors. Career Club Sánchez began his senior career with Chacarita Juniors. He made his professional debut on 21 March 2012 in a Copa Argentina match against Gimnasia y Esgrima. He featured once in Primera B Metropolitana in 2012–13 before not playing for the first-team again until February 2015. He had a loan spell with River Plate in 2014. After returning to Charcarita, he scored his first professional goal in a 3–2 defeat to Estudiantes in November 2015. In total, Sánchez made sixteen appearances and scored once for Chacarita by the end of 2015. In January 2016, Sánchez completed a two-season loan move to Lanús. He failed to feature until midway through the 2016–17 season, during which he made seven appearances and scored one goal. International Sánchez played eleven times and scored four goals for the Argentina U17s. He scored two goals in five games at the 2013 South American Under-17 Football Championship as Argentina won the tournament, while he also scored twice in six matches during the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup in the United Arab Emirates as Argentina placed 4th. He also won two caps for the U20 team at the 2014 L'Alcúdia International Football Tournament. Career statistics . Honours Argentina U17 South American Under-17 Football Championship: 2013 References External links Category:1996 births Category:Living people Category:People from San Martín, Buenos Aires Category:Argentine footballers Category:Argentina youth international footballers Category:Argentina under-20 international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Primera B Nacional players Category:Primera B Metropolitana players Category:Argentine Primera División players Category:Chacarita Juniors footballers Category:River Plate footballers Category:Club Atlético Lanús footballers

Evacuation Day is a holiday observed on March 17 in Suffolk County, Massachusetts (which includes the cities of Boston, Chelsea, and Revere, and the town of Winthrop) and also by the public schools in Somerville, Massachusetts. The holiday commemorates the evacuation of British forces from the city of Boston following the Siege of Boston, early in the American Revolutionary War. Schools and government offices (including some Massachusetts state government offices located in Suffolk County) are closed. If March 17 falls on a weekend, schools and government offices are closed on the following Monday in observance. It is the same day as Saint Patrick's Day, a coincidence that played a role in the establishment of the holiday. Historical background The 11-month siege of Boston ended when the Continental Army, under the command of George Washington, fortified Dorchester Heights in early March 1776 with cannons captured at Ticonderoga. British General William Howe, whose garrison and navy were threatened by these positions, was forced to decide between attack and retreat. To prevent what could have been a repeat of the Battle of Bunker Hill, Howe decided to retreat, withdrawing from Boston to Nova Scotia on March 17, 1776. The British evacuation was Washington's first victory of the war. It was also a huge morale boost for the Thirteen Colonies, as the city where the rebellion began was the first to be liberated. Establishment of the holiday While Saint Patrick's Day parades have been held in Boston since 1876, Evacuation Day was not declared a holiday in the city until 1901, amid interest in local history that also resulted in the construction of the Dorchester Heights Monument. The state made it a holiday in Suffolk County in 1938. The large Irish American population of Boston at that time played a role in the establishment of the holiday. A 1941 law establishing the holiday in Suffolk County was signed in both black and green ink. Observance activities Evacuation Day activities in the areas that observe the holiday are limited. Most events of note, like the annual parade and politicians' breakfast in South Boston, are dominated by celebrations of Irish culture. The parade is officially designated the Saint Patrick's Day and Evacuation Day Parade. The Allied War Veterans of South Boston mark the day with a ceremony on Dorchester Heights. Since 1992, the participation of gay and lesbian people in the parade has been disputed, and was the subject of the 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston. Mayor Thomas Menino boycotted the parade every year he was in office, in protest of the exclusion of LGBTQ+ marchers. Another local holiday observing an event in the American Revolutionary War is Bunker Hill Day. State workers outside Suffolk County are allowed to choose any two days off in lieu of celebrating Evacuation Day and Bunker Hill Day on the observance days. The two holidays are generally not observed by the private businesses. In Charlestown, where the Battle of Bunker Hill took place, there are week-long celebrations culminating in a road race and a parade. Some government services remain in operation, such as trash pickup in the City of Boston and all state Registry of Motor Vehicle offices. The MBTA runs a normal schedule but, due to special events, prohibits bicycles on the subway. Moves to eliminate holiday In 2010, the state legislature debated eliminating Evacuation Day and Bunker Hill Day as official holidays, citing the expense of giving state and local workers paid days off. The state's FY2011 budget requires all state and municipal offices in Suffolk County be open on both days. See also Evacuation Day (New York) Massacre Day Patriots' Day Notes References Category:Holidays related to the American Revolution Category:Massachusetts culture Category:Culture of Boston Category:Massachusetts in the American Revolution Category:Cambridge, Massachusetts Category:Somerville, Massachusetts Category:March observances Category:1901 establishments in Massachusetts

Erlend may refer to: Erlend Apneseth (born 1990), award-winning hardingfele player Erlend Bjøntegaard (born 1990), Norwegian biathlete Erlend Bratland (born 1991), Norwegian singer Erlend Caspersen (born 1982), Norwegian bassist Erlend Engelsvoll (born 1975), Norwegian former professional racing cyclist Erlend Erichsen of Gorgoroth, a Norwegian black metal band Erlend Fuglum (born 1978), Norwegian politician for the Centre Party Erlend Hanstveit (born 1981), former Norwegian footballer Erlend Haraldsson, joint Earl of Orkney from 1151 to 1154 Erlend Hjelvik of Kvelertak, a Norwegian heavy metal band from Stavanger Erlend Holm (born 1983), former Norwegian football defender Erlend Jentoft (born 1976), Norwegian saxophonist and composer Leif Erlend Johannessen (born 1980), Norwegian chess player and Norway's fifth grandmaster Erlend Larsen (born 1965), Norwegian politician Erlend Lesund (born 1994), Norwegian ice hockey player Erlend Loe (born 1969), Norwegian novelist, screenwriter and film critic Erlend Mamelund (born 1984), Norwegian handball player Erlend Ottem of Clawfinger, a heavy metal band from Sweden Erlend Øye (born 1975), Norwegian composer, musician, producer, singer and songwriter Erlend Dahl Reitan (born 1997), Norwegian professional footballer Erlend Rian (born 1941), Norwegian politician who formerly represented the Conservative Party Erlend Segberg (born 1997), Norwegian professional footballer Erlend Sivertsen (born 1991), Norwegian professional footballer Erlend Skomsvoll (born 1969), Norwegian jazz musician, band leader, composer and arranger Erlend Slettevoll (born 1981), Norwegian jazz pianist Erlend Slokvik, Norwegian ski-orienteering competitor Erlend Storesund (born 1985), Norwegian footballer Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson (Erlend died 1098), brothers who ruled together as Earls of Orkney Erlend Turf-Einarsson, a Norse jarl ruling the Norðreyjar (the islands of Orkney and Shetland) Erlend Tvinnereim (born 1981), Norwegian tenor based in Zürich Erlend Wiborg (born 1984), Norwegian politician for the Progress Party See also Elend (disambiguation) Erlen Erlendur (disambiguation)

Robert Keilway (by 1483 – 1537 or later) was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Salisbury in 1523. His son was Robert Keilway, also an MP. References Category:15th-century births Category:16th-century deaths Category:People of the Tudor period Category:English MPs 1523

The Giudecca Canal () is a body of water that flows into the San Marco basin in Venice, Italy. It is one of the major canals in the city, it bisects the sestieri of Dorsoduro, separating Giudecca island and district from Dorsoduro district. Landmarks Major buildings include: Along the Giudecca district quay, Molino Stucky (19th century factory complex), Le Zitelle church, and the Il Redentore church by Palladio. Along the Dorsoduro district side: Il Gesuati church on the Zattere quay, and at Punta della Dogana where Giudecca Canal and the Grand Canal meet, the Santa Maria della Salute church and Dogana da Mar, a former customs house and present day art museum−gallery. Palazzo Giustinian Recanati See also External links Category:Canals in Venice Category:Dorsoduro Category:Geography of Venice Category:Water transport in Venice Category:Waterways of Italy

City of the Rats is the third book in the eight-volume Deltora Quest series written by Emily Rodda. It continues the trio's journey to find the seven missing gems of Deltora, braving dangers and guardians in each book. Plot summary Lief, Barda, and Jasmine leave the Lake of Tears after they have retrieved the Ruby. They are now searching for the opal, which is located in Hira, or the City of the Rats. While traveling, they find signs which all have the word "Tom" written on it. They then find themselves in a trap that Thaegan's remaining eleven children had prepared. With the help of Filli, the three managed to kill all the children except for one, Ichabod, and continue on their quest. They find and enter Tom's shop and buy useful provisions such as Fire Beads, Water Eaters, Glowing Bubbles, and Instant Bread. They also bought three animals called Muddlets. Muddlets had three legs and can be ridden much like a horse. Despite Tom's directions, Lief didn't listen to him and went the wrong way. The three lost control of the Muddlets as they ran on their own. Lief, Barda, and Jasmine followed the Muddlets home, to the city of Noradz and become trapped. Noradz has customs that keep the city vigorously clean. When Filli comes out of hiding from Jasmine's shirt, a Ra-Kacharz mistakes it for a rat and gives the trio two choices, to live or to die. Lief was commanded to pick a card labeled either Life or Death out of a cup. Realizing that both cards say Death, Lief tricks the Ra-Kacharz and the trio are thrown into prison. A girl named Tira managed to free them and shows them the secret way out, by passing through the kitchen trash tube. They survive the dangers of the tube by wearing the Ra-Kacharz clothes that they stole and finally reached the Broad River. Using the Water Eaters, Lief, Barda, and Jasmine crossed the river, only to find that there were rats waiting for them. They managed to escape the deadly rats using the explosive Fire Beads and enter the city's center. The Glowing Bubbles come into use and lights their way as they move through the dark. There, Lief starts to hear voices, which was revealed to be of Reeah's, a huge snake called the King of Rats. The crown atop of Reeah's head housed the opal. Lief realized that the past inhabitants of the City of the Rats were the people of Noradz. He also realized that "Noradz" was a homophone of "No Rats" and "Ra-Kacharz" was a homophone of "Rat-Catchers". The overrun of rats in their city had caused them to move and take up vigorously clean customs. Also, "Noradzeer", which is repeated very often by the people of Noradz, appears to be a homophone of "No Rats Here". Lief realizes that Reeah had set a trap for them. After a fight, Lief and Jasmine defeat the snake. Lief touches the opal to take it and gets a vision of him sinking into the Shifting Sands. Lief remembers that the opal's vision of the future is not always true, and they continue their quest to seek their fourth gem at the Shifting Sands. Characters Lief: Lief is the main character of the series. Lief was born to parents King Endon and Queen Sharn though he believed them to be Jarred and Anna of the forge. As a child Lief roamed the streets of Del, sharpening his wits and gaining him the skills needed for his future quests. Though he did not know it, he was constantly protected by Barda and he prided himself on his many 'lucky' escapes. On his sixteenth birthday, it is revealed to him that he must begin a dangerous quest to find the lost gems of the Belt of Deltora. Barda: Barda was enlisted as a friend by the king and queen of Deltora and was trusted to help him find the lost gems of Deltora sixteen years before the initial story took place. For the next sixteen years, Barda disguised himself as a beggar so as to discover information vital to the quest. He also became the bodyguard of Endon and Sharn's child Lief, albeit without the semi-arrogant Lief's knowledge thereof. Upon Lief's sixteenth birthday Barda revealed himself to Lief and the quest for the gems of Deltora began. Though Barda was at first annoyed to travel encumbered by a child, he soon saw Lief as more of a help than a hindrance. Jasmine: Jasmine is a wild girl, described as having wild black hair (dark green hair in the anime) and emerald green eyes who has grown up in the Forests of Silence, where Lief and Barda meet her shortly after leaving Del. Her parents, Jarred and Anna, were captured by Grey Guards when she was seven years old, and so she has been raised by the forest. She can understand the language of the trees and of many animals, and has incredibly sharp senses, but has trouble understanding some social customs. Jasmine is usually seen with her blackbird, Kree, and a mouse-like creature she calls Filli. Jasmine is like Lief and occasionally has a quick temper. After helping Lief and Barda in the forest and with the help of the topaz, she is greeted by her mother's spirit from beyond the grave, who tells her to go with Lief and Barda in their quest. After this encounter, she joins Lief and Barda in the search for the great gems that will complete the Belt. See also Deltora series Deltora Quest 1 Emily Rodda Characters in the Deltora series External links USA Deltora website Australian Deltora Quest website Emily Rodda's official website Category:2001 Australian novels Category:2001 fantasy novels Category:Australian children's novels Category:Australian fantasy novels Category:Children's fantasy novels Category:Deltora Category:Fictional populated places Category:2001 children's books

Fu Kun-cheng (; born 1951) is a Taiwanese politician. Education Fu attended elementary school in Pingtung County, middle school in , Zhongshan District, Taipei, and graduated from Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School. He studied law at National Taiwan University, and completed a doctorate in the subject at the University of Virginia. Career Fu taught as an associate professor at his alma mater, as well as National Chengchi University, Soochow University, Tamkang University, Chinese Culture University, and National Taiwan Ocean University. He was elected to the second National Assembly in December 1991, then contested the 1995 Taiwan legislative election for a seat on the Legislative Yuan as a New Party representative of Taipei County. Fu left politics in 2002, moving to China for a position at Xiamen University. He later taught at National Kinmen Institute of Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University. References Category:1951 births Category:Living people Category:Taiwanese legal scholars Category:New Party Members of the Legislative Yuan Category:Members of the 3rd Legislative Yuan Category:Taiwanese expatriates in the United States Category:University of Virginia School of Law alumni Category:National Chengchi University faculty Category:National Taiwan University faculty Category:National Taiwan University alumni Category:Taiwanese expatriates in China Category:Shanghai Jiao Tong University faculty Category:Soochow University (Taiwan) faculty Category:Tamkang University faculty Category:Chinese Culture University faculty Category:Xiamen University faculty Category:New Taipei Members of the Legislative Yuan

The 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the ninth edition of the Gold Cup, the football championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF), and was won by the United States over Mexico. It was contested in the United States from June 6 to 24, 2007. This competition was the third overall edition of the tournament without guests (for the first time since 1993) from other confederations. As the winner, the United States represented CONCACAF at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. Qualified teams A total of 12 teams qualified for the tournament. Three berths were allocated to North America, five to Central America, and four to the Caribbean. Venues Squads The 12 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players; only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. Competition format The twelve teams that qualified were divided into three groups. The top two teams in each group advanced to the knockout stage along with the best two of the third-place teams, filling out the knockout field of eight. If teams were level on points, they were ranked on the following criteria in order: Head to head matches between the tied teams (if applicable) Greatest goal difference in group matches Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches If teams are still tied, CONCACAF will hold a drawing of lots Group stage Group A Canada finished as group leaders, but were beaten by Guadeloupe, who also drew with Haiti before suffering a defeat in their last match against Costa Rica. That win sent the Ticos through to the next round; Guadeloupe also qualified as one of the best two third-place finishers. Haiti, the current Caribbean Nations Cup champions, were knocked out at the group stage. All games were played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Group B The group was won by the host and defending Gold Cup champion United States side, who achieved the best first-round record of any team with three wins, during which it scored a total of seven goals without conceding. Guatemala finished in second place, despite an early loss to the U.S., by beating fellow Central Americans El Salvador, and then drawing with Trinidad and Tobago. El Salvador and Trinidad and Tobago failed to advance. All games were played at The Home Depot Center in Carson, California and Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Group C Four-time Gold Cup champion Mexico were defeated 2–1 by eventual group winner Honduras on the second day of group play, but subsequently beat Panama to come second in the group. The controversial match saw two Canaleros sent off but they still made the quarterfinals by finishing as one of the two best third-placed teams. Cuba, initially impressive against Mexico and Panama, finished in last place, after being defeated 5–0 by Honduras. All games were played at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey and Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. Two members of the Cuban team, striker Lester Moré and midfielder Osvaldo Alonso, defected from the team following a shopping trip in East Rutherford. Ranking of third-placed teams Knockout stage The quarterfinals saw all three North American teams advance, as Canada beat Guatemala, the United States defeated Panama, and Mexico won after extra time against Costa Rica in a controversial match that saw three red cards for the Ticos. Guadeloupe reached the final four with a 2–1 victory over Honduras. Their participation ended in the semifinal against Mexico, as El Tri overcame Guadeloupe to win 1–0 and make the Gold Cup final. The United States won the other semifinal game, defeating Canada 2–1 in a match with a controversial ending, as a late Canadian equalizer was incorrectly ruled offside. The final match between Mexico and the United States, the two highest-ranked teams in CONCACAF, resulted in a 2–1 victory, and a successful title defense, for the United States. Quarter-finals Semi-finals Late in the second half, while leading 2–1, the United States were reduced to ten men when Michael Bradley was sent off. In stoppage time Atiba Hutchinson appeared to score for Canada to tie the game in the dying seconds, but linesman Ricardo Louisville incorrectly raised his flag for offside and referee Archundia disallowed the goal. The Canadian Press reported that replays show Hutchinson in an onside position at the time of Patrice Bernier's pass, and that he received the ball only after it was played by American defender Oguchi Onyewu. Final Donovan converted a penalty kick to level the match at 1–1 and tied him with Eric Wynalda for the USA’s all-time scoring record with 34 goals. Feilhaber scored the game-winning goal on a volley from outside the penalty box. Statistics Goalscorers 5 goals Carlos Pavón 4 goals Landon Donovan 3 goals Dwayne De Rosario Ali Gerba Walter Centeno Carlos Costly Blas Pérez 2 goals Julián de Guzmán Reynier Alcántara Jocelyn Angloma Amado Guevara Jared Borgetti José Luis Garcés DaMarcus Beasley 1 goal Iain Hume Jaime Colomé Dennis Alas Ramón Sánchez Cédrick Fiston David Fleurival Richard Socrier José Manuel Contreras Carlos Ruiz Alexandre Boucicaut Monès Chéry Cuauhtémoc Blanco Nery Castillo Andrés Guardado Pável Pardo Carlos Salcido Carlos Rivera Errol McFarlane Silvio Spann Carlos Bocanegra Brian Ching Clint Dempsey Benny Feilhaber Frankie Hejduk Eddie Johnson Taylor Twellman Awards Winners Individual awards All-Tournament team The All-Tournament Team was selected by the CONCACAF Technical Study Group and features the "Best XI" along with seven Honorable Mentions. The player selections were made from the eight teams that reached the quarterfinals of the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Final ranking Per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-out are counted as draws. Notes References External links 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup Dates Announced 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup (with all matchreports) Gold Cup CONCACAF Gold Cup 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup Category:CONCACAF Gold Cup tournaments

Mikaniopsis maitlandii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. References Category:Mikaniopsis Category:Flora of Cameroon Category:Flora of Equatorial Guinea Category:Flora of Nigeria Category:Vulnerable plants Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Marianne Sághy (1961 – 2018) was a Hungarian expert on the religious and social culture of Late Antiquity, with an especial focus on the cult of saints and hagiography. She was Associate Professor at the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, and at the Department of Medieval and Early Modern Universal History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Biography Early life and education Sághy was born in 1961. She attended the Szilágyi Erzsébet Secondary School, Budapest. She graduated from Eötvös Loránd University in 1985 with a degree in History and French. She received a French government scholarship (1984–85) to study at the Centre d'Études Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale, Université de Poitiers. Her Master's thesis was entitled Pierre Dubois’ Plan for the Recovery of the Holy Land in 1306. Between 1986 and 1987 she was a visiting scholar at the University of Oxford, receiving a stipend from the Soros Foundation. In 1989 she began her PhD at the University of Princeton. Her supervisors were Natalie Zemon Davis and Peter Brown. She was awarded her PhD in 1998 for a thesis entitled Patrons and Priests: The Roman Senatorial Aristocracy and the Church, AD 355-384. Career In 1993 she was a founding member of the Department of Medieval Studies at Central European University, where she was employed as a lecturer. From 1999 to 2003 she was the Academic Director of the Hungarian Cultural Institute, Paris, where she sought to promote French-Hungarian scientific and cultural relations. Sághy held the position of President of the Hungarian Hagiography Society. She sat on the editorial boards of such academic journals as the Annual of the Department of Medieval Studies and the Hungarian Historical Review. Sághy has been described as 'a well-versed and fruitful author, a translator of important works and a writer of serious scholarship'. Her contribution to scholarship on late antique and medieval religion and hagiography through teaching, organising and presenting at international conferences, authoring and editing books and source editions, and publishing around 60 individual scholarly studies, was 'internationally recognised'. Death Sághy died on 21 September 2018 at the age of fifty-seven. Her last book, Saint Martin, Soldier of Christ, was published only a few weeks before her death. A Colloquium in her honour will be held at the Central European University in June 2019, entitled 'Dis/embodiment and Im/materiality: Uncovering the Body, Gender and Sexuality in Philosophies of Late Antiquity - In Memoriam Marianne Sagh (1961-2018). Speakers include Professor Susanna Elm. The Hungarian Institute of Paris honores her in november 2019 with a presentation of a book published a few weeks after her death: an edition, french translation and presentation of the works of Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019. Publications Monographs and edited volumes (ed.) Women and Power in East Central Europe: Medieval and Modern (Idyllywild: Charles Schlacks, 1993) Women and Power in East Central Europe: Medieval and Modern (Los Angeles: Ch. Schlacks, Centre for Multietnic and Transnational Studies, University of Southern California, 1996) Versek és vértanúk: a római mártírkultusz Damasus pápa korában, 366-384 [Poems and martyrs: The Roman cult of martyrs at the time of Pope Damasus] (Budapest: Hungarus Paulus, 2003) Isten barátai: Szent és szentéletrajz a késő antikvitásban [Friends of God: Saints and hagiography in the Late Antiquity] (Budapest : Kairosz, 2005) Fifteen Years of Medieval Studies in Central Europe (Budapest: Central European University, 2009) (ed. with Michele Renee Salzman and Rita Lizzi Testa) Pagans and Christians in Late Antique Rome: Conflict, Competition, and Coexistence in the Fourth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016) (ed. with Edward M. Schoolman) Pagans and Christians in the Late Roman Empire: New Evidence, New Approaches (4th-8th centuries) (Budapest: Central European University, 2018) Szent Márton, Krisztus katonája [Saint Martin, soldier of Christ] (Szombathely: Szülőföld Kiadó, 2018) Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019. Translations Translated from English to Hungarian: Peter Brown, The Cult of the Saints; Augustine of Hippo: A Biography Robert Markus, Saint Gregory the Great and his Age Pierre Riché, Éducation et culture dans l’Occident barbare Translated from Latin to French Pierre Dubois, De la reconquête de la Terre Sainte - De l'abrègement des guerres et procès du royaume des Francs, intro, éd. et trad. M. SAGHY, A. LEONAS et P.-A. FORCADET, Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2019. Articles and book chapters 'Aspects of Female Rulership in Late Medieval Literature: the Queens' Reign in Angevin Hungary', East Central Europe, vol. 20, issue 1 (1993) 69-86 'Scinditur in partes populus: Pope Damasus and the Martyrs of Rome', Early Medieval Europe, vol. 9 no. 3 (2000) 273-87 'Pope Damasus and the Beginnings of Roman Hagiography', Promoting the Saints: Cults and their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period: Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for His 60th Birthday, edited by Ottó Gecser, Jozsef Laszlovsky, Marcell Sebok, Katalin Szende, and Balazs Nagy (Budapest : Central European University Press, 2011) 1-17 'Veste Regia Indutus: Representations of the Emperor in the Vita Martini', IKON, vol. 5 (2012) 47-55 'Hungarians in Hell. The Visions of Laurentius de Tar', IKON (2013) 29-37 'Strangers to Patrons: Bishop Damasus and the Foreign Martyrs of Rome', The Hungarian Historical Review, vol. 5 no. 3 (2016) 465-86 References External links Category:Hungarian historians Category:1961 births Category:2018 deaths Category:Women classical scholars Category:Eötvös Loránd University alumni Category:Princeton University alumni Category:Women historians

Limbuda is a village in Junagdh District in the state of Gujarat, India. As of 2001 India census, there were 2548 people residing in Limbuda. There were 1266 males and 1282 females, thus males constitute 49.7% of population and females 50.3%. Limbuda has an average literacy rate of 74.18%. The PIN Code of Limbuda is 362620. Temples in Limbuda 1. VEER VACHHRAJ TEMPLE 2. Navneet Priyaji's Haveli 3. Mahaprabhuji's Bethak 4. Hanuman Temple 5. Gadheshwari-Limboshwari Mataji Temple 6. Swaminarayan Temple 7. Anandashram (Nathuram Sharma's) 8. Shiva temple 9. Fuletra Patel Samaj 10. Trambdiya Patel Samaj 11.Madan Mohanji's Haveli (Ram Mandir-Choro) Gallery References Category:Villages in Junagadh district

Ann "Muffet" McGraw (born December 5, 1955) is an American former college basketball coach, who served as the head women's basketball coach at Notre Dame from 1987 to 2020, compiling a 905–272 (.769) record over 32 seasons. She led her team to nine Final Fours (1997, 2001, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019), seven championship game appearances (2001, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019), and two National Championships in 2001 and 2018. McGraw was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Saint Joseph's University and briefly played professionally for the California Dreams of the Women's Professional Basketball League. She coached at Archbishop Carroll HS from 1977 to 1979, and worked as an assistant coach at Saint Joseph's from 1980 to 1982. From 1982 to 1987 she was head coach at Lehigh University where one of her notable players was Cathy Engelbert. She became head coach at Notre Dame in 1987. Between 1987 and 2020, McGraw led the Irish to 24 NCAA tournament appearances including a streak of 22 straight seasons from 1995-2019. During the current streak, Notre Dame made it to the second round in all but one of the appearances, including 7 championship game appearances. McGraw compiled 50 wins over ranked opponents, including 40 over the last 8 seasons. Her teams appeared in the AP poll 139 times during her tenure. Notre Dame finished in the Top 3 of the Big East in 9 out of the 11 seasons they were in the league and finished in first place in the Atlantic Coast Conference in all 4 seasons since they entered the conference. McGraw was awarded the US Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) Coach of the Year award, the Women's Basketball Coaches Association Coach of the Year and the Naismith College Coach of the Year in 2001. She was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017. In 2016, the John R Wooden award committee recognized McGraw with the 2017 Legends of Coaching Award. She is the 27th coach in NCAA history to win over 500 career games, and is currently tied as the eighth head coach in NCAA Division I basketball history to reach 800 career wins. On April 1, 2018, McGraw achieved her 800th career victory at Notre Dame with a win over the Mississippi State Bulldogs in the National Championship game, her second national title with the Fighting Irish. On December 30, 2018, she notched her 900th career win against Lehigh, the team at which she began her collegiate coaching career in 1982. On April 22, 2020, McGraw announced that she was stepping down as the head coach of Notre Dame. Awards and honors 2001 – AP College Basketball Coach of the Year 2001 – Russell Athletic/WBCA National Coach of the Year 2009 – Carol Eckman Award 2011 – Women's Basketball Hall of Fame 2013 – Naismith Women's College Coach of the Year 2013 – AP College Basketball Coach of the Year 2013 – Women's Basketball Coaches Association (WBCA) Division I Coach of the Year 2014 – espnW Coach of the Year 2014 – AP College Basketball Coach of the Year 2014 – USBWA Coach of the Year 2014 – Russell Athletic/WBCA National Coach of the Year 2016 – Legends of Coaching Award (2017) 2017 – Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 2018 – AP College Basketball Coach of the Year Head coaching record See also List of college women's basketball coaches with 600 wins References External links Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:American women's basketball coaches Category:Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania Category:Basketball players from Pennsylvania Category:Guards (basketball) Category:High school basketball coaches in the United States Category:Lehigh Mountain Hawks women's basketball coaches Category:Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees Category:Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball coaches Category:Saint Joseph's Hawks women's basketball coaches Category:Saint Joseph's Hawks women's basketball players Category:Sportspeople from Pottsville, Pennsylvania Category:Women's Basketball Hall of Fame inductees

Johannes Wiedewelt (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor. He became a court sculptor, introducing neoclassical ideals to Denmark in the form of palace decorations, garden sculptures and artifacts and, especially, memorial monuments. He was undoubtedly the best known Danish sculptor before Bertel Thorvaldsen. Life Early training He was born in Copenhagen to royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Just Wiedewelt (1677–1757) and his wife Birgitte Lauridsdatter. The elder Wiedewelt recognised his son's talents early, and the boy trained under the Italian history painter Hieronimo Miani, one of the two leaders of the Drawing and Painting Academy (Tegne- og Malerakademiet) in Copenhagen along with Louis August le Clerc (1688–1771), as early as perhaps 1744. This Academy was the precursor to the still-extant Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) established ten years later. When Miani left Denmark in 1745 to return to Italy, the elder Wiedewelt took a stronger hand in training the boy, apprenticing him in his workshop. At the same time the young Wiedeweldt continued at the Academy, drawing under Johan Christof Petzoldt (1708-1762) and he presumedly also trained under royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Didrick Gercken (169-1748). He began already to produce his own works early, and had produced in Spring 1750 two small busts cast in tin of King Frederik V and Queen Louise. He was paid a reasonable sum for this work, and it encouraged him to follow his dream to study outside of Denmark. Student travel to Paris Several months later at nineteen years of age he ventured out on a student travel that took him over Hamburg to Rouen and finally to Paris in August 1750. There he met the Danish Legation secretary to the French Court in Paris Joachim Wasserschlebe (1709-1787) who would become a patron of the young sculptor. With Wasserschlebe's help, Wiedewelt was taken into the studio of the renowned Baroque sculptor Guillaume Coustou the Younger, where from 1750-1754 he worked partially as a student and partially as an assistant. He later received a yearly royal allowance from King Frederik, which was doubled after two years. In Paris he also came to know Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. During 1752-1754, Wiedewelt made a sculpture of fellow-Dane, Magnus Gustav Arbien (1716–1760), medallionist who was at the time studying under a royal stipend from the Danish Court. Wiedewelt won a silver medallion from the French Academy of Art (Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1753. There was a sweeping artistic interest during those times for the study of ancient art. This rage originated in the discoveries of Herculaneum in 1738 and Pompeii in 1748, and was fanned by the directorship of the French Academy, Marquis de Marigny Abel-François Poisson(1727–1781), brother of royal mistressMadame de Pompadour (1721–1764). Poisson introduced the technique of drawing from antiquities, especially architecture, sculpture and landscapes, instead of from models. This technique was based on his experiences in Italy visiting the recently excavated archeological sites. Continued travel to Rome Wiedewelt was the first to receive a travel stipend from the newly established Danish Academy of Art in 1754 and used the funds to travel to Italy. Although Coustou tried to convince Wiedewelt to stay in Paris longer, the young sculptor left for Rome in May 1754. His trip took him over Lyon, Marseille and Civitavecchia; he arrived in Rome on 7 June 1754. A letter of recommendation from Wasserschlebe introduced Wiedewelt to the Director of the French Academy in Rome (l´Academie de France á Rome), Charles-Joseph Natoire (1700-1777). He lived and studied at the Academy, lodging at the Palazzo Mancini. Natoire put him in contact with others in residence there. Among these were German painter Anton Raphael Mengs, Italian Pompeo Batoni, and German archeologist and art theorist Johann Joachim Winckelmann who arrived in Rome 1755. At the Academy he, along with other students, came under the influence of Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who had lived in Rome since 1740 and who set a heightened focus on antiquities as artistic subject matter. Wiedewelt visited private collections such as the Farnese collection, as well as the publicly accessible ones such as the Capitoline Museums and the Vatican Museum. He and Johann Winckelmann studied ancient sculptures together, and Winckelmann advised the younger Wiedewelt, encouraging him to use these sculptures as a base for his drawings and to use his knowledge of ancient art as the basis for his artistic production. Wiedewelt made many drawings and sketches of these ancient sculptures during his Roman residence. The two were inseparable. Wiedewelt's friendship and admiration for Winckelmann left a deep impression on him, especially in regards his acquired knowledge and appreciation for Ancient Greek artifacts and art. During his time in Rome he also managed to take excursions to Naples, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Portici. Several of these trips were made in the company of Winckelmann in 1758. The two would remain close, maintaining a lively letter exchange, until Winckelmann was murdered in Trieste in 1768. Return to Denmark and an artistic career Wiedewelt left Rome on 1 July 1758, when his financial support was running out, and after he had been ordered home to Denmark by the Academy. He traveled back in the company of friend, neoclassical painter Johan Edvard Mandelberg. They traveled over Caprarola, Siena, Florence, Pisa, Carrara, Lucca, Bologna, Padua, Venice, and Trieste where they studied the local art collections and churches, and on through the Tyrol and Germany. They arrived back to Copenhagen on 6 October 1758. Hardly six months after his return Wiedewelt was named member of the newly organised Art Academy, as well as being named royal sculptor to the Danish Court in 1759, inclusive gratis studio at Materialgaarden near Frederiksholm's Canal. He was known for his good taste in art and his knowledge of antiquities. He became quickly the judge of artistic good taste in Denmark. Commissions soon followed. As a first commission he was requested to sculpt a memorial monument to the long deceased king Christian VI of Denmark by his widowed wife, Sophie Magdalene. The marble monument was completed in 1768, but was not installed at Roskilde Cathedral until 1777. The neoclassical monument included a sarcophagus and two female figures, Sorgenand Berømmelsen. This was the first neoclassical sarcophagus in Denmark, and is considered to be neoclassicism's start in Denmark. In 1760 he began work on another comprehensive project, sculptural groups, individual sculptures and decorations for the gardens at the French-inspired baroque Fredensborg Palace. He produced a large series of drawings for the King giving his suggestions for the decoration of the gardens. He came to work closely with architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, with whom he would travel together to London and Paris in the late 1760s. His outdoor sculptures here and at other gardens have come to comprise the greatest assembled collections of his works. In 1761 he became a professor at the Art Academy. He also took on a leading position with Fourniers Porcelain Factory 1761-1766. Wiedewelt wrote a small manifesto in 1762 entitledTanker om Smagen udi Kunsterne i Almindelighed. He contributed to the decoration of Frederiks Church, also known as the Marble Church (Marmorkirken) with no less than 64 figures and 30 reliefs. Due to the scale of the royal projects, the time constraints and the common practices of the time Wiedewelt often left the direct work of sculpting be carried out by his studio assistants from sketches, which he delivered. In 1765-1766 he delivered a plaster allegorical relief and twelve medallions of the Oldenborg kings to the sumptuous Knights Hall (Riddersalen) at Christiansborg Palace, plus additional decorative pieces. These were all lost in the fire of 1794. Some of the medallions are evidenced in engravings. He served as Treasurer of the Academy 1767-1772, and served as Director of the same 1772-1778, 1780-1789, and 1793-1795. He exhibited at the Salon for the first time in 1769, and subsequently in 1778 and 1794. In 1769 he completed the monument to Frederik V in Roskilde Cathedral which includes a large sarcophagus resting on footpieces and decorated by numerous sculptures, behind which is a column topped of an urn, a medallion with the king's portrait, and on each side of the sarcophagus, sitting approx. 9' high above the floor, are two crowned, grieving female figures representing Denmark and Norway. The memorial chapel was created as a collaboration between Wiedewelt and architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. Later career In 1768-1769 Wiedewelt traveled to Paris and London in the company of architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, then architect for Frederik's Church, now known as the Marble Church (Marmorkirken). His travel journals show that he visited famous gardens during the trip, and studied them carefully. Large commissions from the court slowed down drastically after this foreign tour, as Johann Friedrich Struensee's took over control of the country from the weak, young, schizophrenic, newly crowned King Christian VII and put his cost-cutting reforms into place between 1769-1771. These cutbacks also resulted in Jardin's losing his position with the Church after this same two-year travel. German-born Struensee was widely disliked, and between 1770-1772 Wiedewelt created a series of drawings satirizing Struensee and his associate Count Enevold Brandt. He also designed several coins for Christian VII in 1771. Starting in the early 1770s, the reaction to Struensee led to a wider distrust of foreigners in positions of power in Denmark. This included the foreign-born artists, especially French artists, in the King's service who lost power and influence in Denmark's official artistic and Academic circles. Friend Jardin resigned his professorship at the Academy on 26 March 1771. From this point on, although Wiedewelt remained court sculptor until his death, his commissions came primarily from private patrons, and were mostly grave monuments and sarcophaguses. He received many such commissions, and during a thirty-year period he produced over 36 such works. Among these are one for Ludvig Holberg in Sorø made in 1779, and another for the first wife of Adam Gottlob Moltke, statesman and high official at the Danish Court. The only large order he received from the court after that time was one for Høegh-Guldbergs National Historical Garden (Høegh-Guldbergs nationalhistoriske anlæg) named for Ove Høegh-Guldberg, theologian and historian. The commission consisted of fifty-four monuments to be set up on the expansive grounds of Crown Prince Frederik V's Jægerspris Castle in Jægerspris. They were sculpted between 1777-1789. Wiedewelt was inspired by Ove Malling's book Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere published in 1777. He decorated the park with monuments and memorial stones in honour of exceptional Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteiners, placing these pieces in the open parkland. He took advantage of his recent studies of foreign gardens, especially the English garden Stowe Park near Buckingham which he had visited, and created a new visual language. Additionally his studio produced reliefs in 1773 of Hercules and Omphale for the Hercules Pavilion in the King's Garden (Kongens Have), the gardens of Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. In 1782 he designed coin cabinets for the Royal Coin Museum (Det kongelige Møntkabinet) at the same castle. In 1783 he created Bernstorff Column (Bernstorffstøtten), a memorial for Foreign Minister Count Johan Hartvig Ernst Bernstorff in Lyngby, who had early-on instituted agricultural reforms (landboreformer) on his estate, prior to the land-wide reforms that followed on 20 July 1788. These land-wide reforms led to the monumental Frihedsstøtten in Copenhagen. Work was started August 31, 1792 and it was erected in 1797. It is still on public display although in a new location. The monument was 20 meters high and consisted of an obelisk of red sandstone, a pedestal of grey marble and a base on three steps of red sandstone before the renovation of 1998-1999. Wiedewelt contributed to this piece with the statue Troskaben, which is one of four sculptures in this large piece, and with the relief Retfærdighedens Genius. The other artists who contributed to the monument were Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, who designed the overall monument, colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt and Nicolai Dajon. Between 1785-1801, Wiedewelt created fifteen monuments for the day's important people at Assistens Cemetery near Copenhagen's Northern Gate (Nørreport). Of these eight can still be seen today in the park-like setting. Final Years Wiedewelt was chosen eight times as Director of the Art Academy; the last time he held the position was 1793-1794. He worked hard to keep the Academy running well, facing often-shifting attitudes from the court and uncertain royal financial support. He was committed to the end, in spite of ill health in his advanced age. He also worked until the end, even though his own financial means worsened drastically, and he lived in abject poverty. During his many years of good economy he lived a festive life with no restrictions, and he was very generous. When times became rough, as it did not only for him but also for others who were accustomed to royal support, he suffered along with the royal house's financial problems. In spite of his meager economy he continued to support two elderly sisters, a servant man, as well as a poor cousin. He had never married. By the end Wiedewelt had pawned most of his belongings, when a final catastrophe proved to be too much for him; a shipload of marble blocks he had purchased with borrowed money went to the bottom of the sea near Læsø. This apparently proved to be more than he could handle, and shortly thereafter on 17 December 1802 he drowned in an apparent suicide in Sortedamsøen, a lake just outside that day's Copenhagen limits. He was buried on Christmas Eve at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His grave monument was made by friend and colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt (1738–1805). Works He had a rich fantasy, and his compositions were easy and natural. His works were tasteful, and influenced by both his French Baroque training and his careful study of and appreciation for late Greek and Roman art. He was well-versed in the use of classical allegory and symbols, especially those having to do with death. He was also inspired by Nordic mythology and ancient, Viking and Icelandic sagas, and made many drawings based on these. Sculptures and reliefs attributed to him and his studio have been lost to time, and are sometimes only evidenced by sketches and engravings. His works are a part of the royal households and gardens. Those in the gardens are the largest collections of his works in one place. He viewed his garden decorations as creating an outdoors theatre presentation relating to the surrounding trees of various types, to figure groups of sculptures and to decorative columns and obelisks. He had a sense of the developing romantic garden. His memorial monuments are spread out in churches throughout Denmark, with the royal monuments at Roskilde Cathedral. Many of these monuments can be found at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His drawings are also highly esteemed. He illustrated a deluxe edition of Ludvig Holberg's "Peder Paars" in 1772, engravings for which were made by Johan Frederik Clemens, who collaborated with Wiedewelt on several projects. He also made illustrations for a book by Peder Topp Wandal on the Jægerspris Castle project in 1783. Clemens also engraved these illustrations, Wiedewelt, along with architect Harsdorff, was one of the primary figures responsible for introducing Neoclassicism to Denmark. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries and by those artists who followed. He is considered an important transitional figure leading to future generations of Danish artists. He had a large library of books covering many subjects, which often served as a source of inspiration. As professor at the Academy he introduced his Neoclassical theories to artistic students. Among his many students was Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, future Director of the Academy and instructor for Bertel Thorvaldsen. In memory of Wiedewelt In 1803, Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, poet and playwright, wrote a well-known elegy in his honour, calling him "Denmark's Phidias". Taus hun sukker Bølgen mildt sig lukker om den gamle Tindings sølvgråe Haar. Hun forsvinder. Dagen bleg oprinder; Hist paa Frihedsstøtten Lærken slaaer. Troskab græder I de hvide Marmorklæder Kold og bleg, den ranke hulde Mø. Haand paa Brystet Aldrig aldrig trøstet, stirrer hun henpå den sorte Sø" Silently she sighs The mild waves close in Round the old man's tempels, his silver-grey hair. She disappears. The pale day runs out. Yonder on Freedom's Monument the lark sounds. Faithfulness cries In its white marble clothes Cold and pale, the proud gracious maiden Hand on breast Never, never comforted She stares out onto the dark lake. References Related literature Annette Rathje & Marjatta Nielsen (eds.), Johannes Wiedewelt - A Danish Artist in Search of the Past, Shaping the Future (Museum Tusculanum Press) 2010. Karl Wilhelm Tesdorpf, Johannes Wiedewelt: Dänemarks erster klassizistischer Bildhauer. Ein Anhänger von Winckelmann'', (Hamburg: Johann Trautmann Verlag) 1933. Other sources KID Kunst Index Danmark ("Art Index Denmark") Danish Biographical Encyclopedia ("Dansk biografisk Leksikion") Category:1731 births Category:1802 deaths Category:Artists from Copenhagen Category:Neoclassical sculptors Category:Court sculptors Category:18th-century Danish sculptors Category:19th-century Danish sculptors Category:Sculptors who committed suicide Category:Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Category:Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni

is Kokia's fourth album, released in July 2004, eight months after her last album, "Remember Me." The album centres on inspirational songs, including the official song for the Japan team at the 2004 Summer Olympics, "Yume ga Chikara." The song "Utau Hito" was later used as the ending theme song for the animated film Furusato: Japan in 2007. Director Akio Nishizawa felt the song was so fitting for his film, it was as if the song were commissioned specifically for it. The song featured on Kokia's first greatest hits album, Pearl: The Best Collection, as well as the B-side of her 2007 single "Arigatō... (The Pearl Edition)." Background The album was preceded by two singles: "So Much Love for You" in April and "Yume ga Chikara" in June. "So Much Love for You" was used as the sole theme song for the variety show U! Umai n Desu., while one of the B-sides on the single "New Season (Yume ni Mukatte Fuku Kaze)" was used in a commercial for the Japan Vocational School Information Research (全国専門学校広報研究会). However, most of the promotional focus went to "Yume ga Chikara." The song was used as the official cheering song for the Japan team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Reception The album reached #23 on the Japanese Oricon albums charts, selling 20,000 copies. It is Kokia's second most sold album (behind "Remember Me"), as of 2010. The album received mostly positive reviews from critics. Tomoyuki Mori praised Kokia for her "pure and beautiful vocal quality," and was positive on the inspirational themes on the album. CDJournal gave the album a star of recommendation. They especially praised "Utau Hito," saying that "(Kokia's) fervent singing from the bottom of her heart" made the reviewer fall in love with the song. Also praised were Kokia's motivational songs "Pinch wa Chance" and "New Season (Yume ni Mukatte Fuku Kaze)," along with the acoustic version of "Yume ga Chikara." Track listing All songs written and produced by Kokia. Singles Japan Sales Rankings Personnel Kiyotsugu Amano - acoustic guitar (#1) Katsuhiko Asano - recording/mixing Masashi Fujimori - art direction, art work (Chocolate) Sayaka Hayakawa - violin (#4) Ayako Himata - violin (#2) Shigeyuki Hirano - director, tambourine (#6, #8) (Mother Land) Junichi "Igao" Igarashi - programming (#8) Noriko Inose - photography Daisuke Kahara - arranger, programming (#3-5, #7) Tetsuto Kato - recording/mixing (Envers) Hiroshi Kawasaki - mastering (at Flair) Yukie Kazama - management (Mother Land) Shoji Kobayashi - score copyist (#1, #10) Kokia - arranger (#8), chorus work, song writing, vocals Daisuke Kurihara - visuals (Chocolate) Akiko Maeda - management (Mother Land) Kazuhiro Matsuo - guitars (#3-5, #7-8) Fumiaki Miyamoto - oboe (#1, #10) Kazuhiko Miyamoto - recording/mixing (#4-5, #7) Hajime Mizoguchi - cello (#1, #10) Ryōsuke Nakanishi - arranger (#2, #6) Akio Namiki - hair, make-up (Kurara System) Naruki Niino - management (Mother Land) Hiroo Oda - executive producer (Mother Land) Yuzo Oka - bass (#5) Masayoshi Ookawa - recording/mixing (#1, #10) Taisuke Sawachika - arranger, piano, programming (#9) Akira Senju - arranger, conductor, keyboards (#1, #10) Genpachi Sekiguchi (#6) Takeshi Sennoo - piano (#1, #10) Nobuhisa Shimizu - executive producer (Victor) Setsuko Sugita - strings (gallery music/leader) (#1, #10) Yoshimi Sugiura - coordinator (#3-5, #7) Yoji Sugiyama - coordinator (Witch Craft) (#1, #10) Eiko Suzuki - visual coordinator (V.D.C.) Yurika Suzuki - stylist (Dynamic) Yoshinari Takegami - saxophone (#5) Toshino Tanabe - bass (#6) Hiroshi Tanaka - artist promoter (Victor) Hiroko Uno - visuals (Chocolate) Takefumi Wada - manipulator (#1) China Yoshihiko (#2, #6) Haruyuki Yukawa - A&R (Victor) References Category:Kokia (singer) albums Category:2004 albums Category:Victor Entertainment albums Category:Japanese-language albums

Saint-Léon-de-Standon is a parish municipality of about 1,100 people in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. The Etchemin River goes through the municipality. See also St. Leon (disambiguation) References Category:Parish municipalities in Quebec Category:Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches

Farnham is a village and civil parish in North Dorset, in the south of England, on Cranborne Chase, north east of Blandford Forum. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 183. Toponymy The name Farnham derives from the Old English fearn (fern) and ham (homestead) and means an enclosure or homestead where ferns grow. In the Domesday Book of 1086 Farnham was recorded as Ferneham or Fernham. History The early settlement history of Farnham isn't clear. Iron Age and Romano-British field systems were created in the surrounding area generally, though traces haven't survived at Farnham. The present-day Farnham village has emerged from five separate settlements associated with clearings in hazel coppice; in the Domesday Book Ferneham or Fernham is recorded five times, though not all the entries refer to the present-day settlement. The book records 12 households with a total taxable value of 6 geld units. The county's sheriff at the time, Aiulf the chamberlain, owned some of the land. For much of its history Farnham has been closely connected with Tollard Royal, the adjacent village and parish in the neighbouring county of Wiltshire. Tollard Farnham (or Farnham Tollard), a tithing to the north of Farnham village, was previously owned by the de Tollard family of Tollard Royal, and until 1885, when it was joined with Farnham, its dead were taken along a track named Burials Drove to be buried at Tollard Royal. Augustus Pitt Rivers lived nearby on the Rushmore Estate. Following his donation of some 20,000 antiquities to the University of Oxford in 1884, forming the nucleus of the Pitt Rivers Museum, he continued to collect archaeological and ethnological specimens for his personal collection, which was held in the former Orphan Gypsy School at Crossways, about a half-mile from Farnham village centre. The village's inn became the Museum Hotel to cater for visitors, which numbered 12,000 per year at the peak of the museum's popularity. The Farnham collection was dispersed in the 1970s, with the British items going to the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum, and the ethnographic collections sold. Geography Farnham parish is situated at the head of the valley of the small Gussage Brook, on the dip slope of the hills of Cranborne Chase. It covers at an approximate altitude of 75 to 150 metres (250 to 500 feet) and geologically comprises chalk, overlain by clay-with-flints in places. Measured directly, Farnham village is northeast of Blandford Forum, southeast of Shaftesbury, north-northwest of Wimborne Minster and southwest of Salisbury. Demography In the 2011 census Farnham civil parish had 105 dwellings, 92 households and a population of 183. The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2001 is shown in the table below: References External links Category:Villages in Dorset

The discography of Yeasayer, an American experimental rock band, consists of five studio albums, eighteen singles, two live albums and four extended plays (EPs). Yeasayer's first album All Hour Cymbals was released in 2007 to critical praise. In 2010 the band released the critically acclaimed Odd Blood with the album scoring the group's first chart success around the world. The album produced several world charting singles such as "Ambling Alp", "O.N.E." and "Madder Red". In late 2011 the band started work on their third album Fragrant World. The album was released in the summer of 2012 and gave the band their biggest hit album. Charting in the top 50 in many countries and peaking number 44 on the Billboard 200, the album is the band's highest charting album in the US to date. Following the band's third album, Yeasayer started recording for their fourth album Amen & Goodbye. The album was delayed heavily due to a storm that had destroyed much of the recording tapes. It was released in 2016 after a four-year gap between albums, the longest in the band's career. The group's fifth album Erotic Reruns was released on June 7, 2019 and was the first album to release on the band's own imprint label "Yeasayer Records" Albums Studio albums Live albums Extended Plays Singles Other appearances Music videos Notes References External links Category:Discographies of American artists Category:Rock music group discographies Category:Alternative rock discographies

Leonard Robert Palmer (5 June 1906, Bristol – 26 August 1984, Pitney, Somerset) was author and Professor of Comparative Philology at the University of Oxford from 1952 to 1971. He was also a Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. Palmer made some significant contributions to the study of Classical languages, and in the area of historical linguistics. Career Palmer was educated at Cardiff High School, the University of South Wales, Trinity College Cambridge, and the University of Vienna. He started his academic career in 1931, teaching classics at Manchester University. He held the Chair of Classical Literature at King's College, London between 1945 and 1946, followed by the Chair of Greek there from 1946 to 1952. During World War II, Palmer worked at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, at the so-called Hut 4. Their work was the translation, interpretation and distribution of enemy messages. A strong focus of Palmer's work was the Greek linguistics, and in particular the language and dating of the Mycenaean Linear B tablets. He also researched the pre-Greek languages in the Aegean Sea area, their origin and chronology. Palmer also wrote an influential historical and linguistic survey of the Latin language; he later followed this with a companion work on the Greek language, focusing on its development from Linear B and its evolution into multiple dialects throughout the Aegean region. Palmer played a role in the controversies over the dating of archaeological finds from Minoan Crete, where he disagreed with the excavator, Sir Arthur Evans, and favoured a later date. In his book "Descriptive & Comparative Linguistics" (1972), among other things, he took issue with the Chomskian linguistics. Proto-Greek studies Palmer was one of the linguists who were investigating the theories that some unknown language or languages were spoken in prehistoric Greece before the settlement of Proto-Greek speakers in the area. So this is the question of an ancient linguistic Pre-Greek substrate in Greece. According to Palmer, this may have been one of the ancient Anatolian languages, perhaps a Luwian language. He suggested that the language of Linear A might be Luwian on the basis of -ss- and -nd- (corresponding to -ss- and -nth- in mainland Greece) placenames being widespread in Western Anatolia. Honours Palmer was elected Secretary and then President of the British Philological Society. He was also a corresponding member of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. In 1981, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Innsbruck. References OBITUARY: PROF LEONARD PALMER The Times, 29 August 1984 Morpurgo Davies, A. and Meid, W. (eds), Studies in Greek, Italic and Indo-European Linguistics offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth Birthday. Innsbruck 1976. Publications The Greek language (The Great languages) by Leonard Robert Palmer, 355 Pages, Published 1980 by Humanities Press Descriptive & Comparative Linguistics (Updated) A Critical Introduction (Studies in General Linguistics) by Leonard R. Palmer, Paperback, 430 Pages, Published 1979 by Faber & Faber The Latin Language. by Leonard Robert Palmer. Paperback, 372 Pages, Published 1988 by University Of Oklahoma Press. New Guide to the Palace of Knossos. by Leonard R. Palmer, L.R Palmer Hardcover, 144 Pages, Published 1969 by Faber And Faber Leonard Robert Palmer, Interpretation of Mycenaean Greek Texts (Oxford University Press academic monograph reprints) Leonard Robert Palmer, On the Knossos tablets: The find-places of the Knossos tablets. Book, 1963. 251 p. Leonard Robert Palmer, Mycenaeans and Minoans; Aegean prehistory in the light of the Linear B tablets. 2d rev. ed. 1965. 368 p Leonard Robert Palmer, A grammar of the post-Ptolemaic papyri (15 editions published between 1945 and 1948) Leonard Robert Palmer, The language of Homer (1962) Leonard Robert Palmer, Aegean chronology (1984) External links WorldCat library catalog of academic publications by Robert Palmer (over 300 results) Category:Linguists from the United Kingdom Category:British philologists Category:Indo-Europeanists Category:1906 births Category:1984 deaths Category:Diebold Professors of Comparative Philology Category:Fellows of Worcester College, Oxford

Grosolanus or Grossolanus, born Peter, was the Archbishop of Milan from 1102 to 1112. He succeeded Anselm IV, who had made him vicar during his absence on the Crusade of 1101, and was succeeded by Jordan, who had been his subdeacon. Grosolanus was the abbot of Ferrania and already Bishop of Savona when Anselm appointed him to act as his vicar during the crusade. Grosolanus was accused of simony in obtaining the Ambrosian see by the priest Liprand, who proceeded through the ordeal of fire to prove his charges. This tale is probably an invention of Landolfo Iuniore, bearing little resemblance to reality, save the fact that Grosolanus was opposed by a strong faction in the city. Even in modern times, though, it has served as the inspiration of a song by Enzo Jannacci. The archbishop was still embattled when, in 1111, he decided to go on a pilgrimage to Outremer. Almost immediately a council of equal numbers of supporters and opponents of the archbishop convened in his absence and, deposing him, elected Jordan of Clivio in his place on New Year's Day. Of all Milan's suffragans, only Atto, Bishop of Acqui, and Arderic, Bishop of Lodi, refused to do homage to the new bishop and remained loyal to Grosolanus. On 6 December, Mainard, Bishop of Turin, formally deposed Grosolanus at the altar in S. Ambrogio. In August 1113, Grosolanus returned from his pilgrimage. Tensions were raised in the city of Milan, where the old archbishop still had some supporters. Finally, on 11 March 1116, Pope Paschal II declared Grosolanus' transferral from the see of Savona to that of Milan to be invalid and thus null. He was transferred back to Savona and Jordan was papally confirmed as the legitimate Ambrosian pontiff for a second time. Notes Sources Setton, K. M. (1956). "The Byzantine Background to the Italian Renaissance". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 100:1, pp. 1–76. Landulphi Junioris sive de Sancto Paulo Historia Mediolanensis ab anno MXCV usque ad annum MCXXXVII. translated (Italian) by Carlo Castiglioni. Zanichelli: Bologna, 1934. Alfredo Lucioni, "Grossolano", in Dizionario della Chiesa Ambrosiana. vol. 3, pp. 1531–1532. NED: Milan, 1989. Pietro Verri, Storia di Milano, 1798 - Tomo I, pp. 149–154 (cap. VI) Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LX Grosso – Guglielmo da Forlì. Rome, 2003. Category:Archbishops of Milan Category:12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops Category:Bishops of Savona Category:Italian abbots Category:Year of birth missing Category:Year of death missing Category:Place of birth missing

David Grenvold (born 6 March 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Bordertown, South Australia, Grenvold debut for Glenelg in 1984 as an 18 year old, he would continue to play on with Glenelg as a solid defender until 1988, missing out on the 1985 and 86 premiership teams. At age 21 he was drafted to Essendon in the 1987 VFL national draft at pick 45. He played 12 games in his debut season and the following year played every game, except for a two-week suspension however in 1991 he injured his knee in a practice game at Moorabbin in 1991 and didn't play a game that season. Grenvold would come back in 1992 with 11 games then played every game in 1993 including the 1993 Grand Final win over Carlton. He would play 18 games in 1994 and 23 games in 1995 but in 1996 he would only manage 1 game due to injury after which Grenvold retired from the AFL. Grenvold played in the backline for Essendon where he was a consistent, rugged contributor he appeared 112 times for the club, including their 1993 Grand Final win. He also represented South Australia in 1993. Grenvold came back to Glenelg in 1997, playing until 1999. He would finish with 101 games and 20 goals for the Bays. After football Grenvold held roles at the Adelaide Football Club and Greater Western Sydney. He is currently the Chief Executive Officer of West Adelaide Football Club. Statistics |- |- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1989 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 12 || 2 || 2 || 82 || 69 || 151 || 25 || 14 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 6.8 || 5.8 || 12.6 || 2.1 || 1.2 || 0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1990 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 23 || 3 || 6 || 210 || 163 || 373 || 64 || 31 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 9.1 || 7.1 || 16.2 || 2.8 || 1.3 || 6 |- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1991 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1992 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 11 || 2 || 4 || 70 || 61 || 131 || 19 || 9 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 6.4 || 5.5 || 11.9 || 1.7 || 0.8 || 0 |- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" |style="text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;"|1993† |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 24 || 7 || 4 || 214 || 142 || 356 || 69 || 28 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 8.9 || 5.9 || 14.8 || 2.9 || 1.2 || 0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 18 || 1 || 2 || 120 || 78 || 198 || 36 || 15 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 6.7 || 4.3 || 11.0 || 2.0 || 0.8 || 0 |- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 23 || 3 || 2 || 143 || 85 || 228 || 52 || 15 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 6.2 || 3.7 || 9.9 || 2.3 || 0.7 || 0 |- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996 |style="text-align:center;"| | 29 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 5 || 11 || 2 || 0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 6.0 || 5.0 || 11.0 || 2.0 || 0.0 || 0 |- class="sortbottom" ! colspan=3| Career ! 112 ! 18 ! 20 ! 845 ! 603 ! 1448 ! 267 ! 112 ! 0.2 ! 0.2 ! 7.5 ! 5.4 ! 12.9 ! 2.4 ! 1.0 ! 6 |} References External links Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Australian rules footballers from South Australia Category:Essendon Football Club players Category:Glenelg Football Club players Category:South Australian State of Origin players

Five Tango Sensations is a suite of works (Asleep—Loving—Anxiety—Despertar—Fear) for bandoneón and string quartet written in 1989 by Argentine composer Ástor Piazzolla. It was premiered in New York that year and recorded immediately afterwards by the Kronos Quartet and the composer, who played the bandoneón. The record was one of a set of three internationally tinged albums released simultaneously, the Argentine music of this album being accompanied by the music of South-African composer Kevin Volans on Kevin Volans: Hunting:Gathering and the music of Polish composer Witold Lutosławski on Witold Lutosławski: String Quartet. The Kronos Quartet and Ástor Piazzolla In 1987, Kronos's executive producer, Robert Hurwitz, had taken Piazzolla, who was on an extended stay in New York City, to see the quartet perform. Backstage, after Piazzolla paid his compliments to the quartet, violinist David Harrington asked if he could call him in a few days; when Harrington called, Piazzolla had already composed "Four, For Tango" for them. (The quartet still plays the piece from photocopies of Piazzolla's original score.) The quartet recorded the piece in November 1987 for their 1988 album Winter Was Hard. They continued their collaboration in live performance; as late as June 1990 Piazzolla and the quartet performed together at a festival in Germany. The five compositions on this album, "a musical farewell to life," date from 1989, and were written after Piazzolla experienced a grave illness. They were premiered in New York at Alice Tully Hall on 25 November 1989, Piazzolla having flown to New York to play with the quartet for the premiere and the subsequent recordings, which were done in a three-hour session at the Power Station in Manhattan. Harrington remarked that this was the shortest recording session they had ever done, and the quartet noted a "centered sternness" in Piazzolla: according to Harrington, "he pulled the music out of Kronos." The session with the Kronos Quartet proved to be his last studio recording: Piazzolla, who had revolutionized the traditional tango creating a new style, the nuevo tango, died on 4 July 1992. Track listing Critical reception Allan Kozinn, reviewing the compositions for The New York Times after their premiere in New York in 1989, called them "a set of charmingly melodic tangos in which the group supplied an accompaniment to the composer's urbane performances on the accordionlike bandoneon." Adam Greenberg remarks in his review on Allmusic that "Piazzolla plays his heart out on his trusty bandoneon, and the Kronos players accompany to perfection." Michael Barrett, in the San Antonio Express-News, calls it a "work of tragic beauty." Personnel Musicians David Harrington – violin John Sherba – violin Hank Dutt – viola Joan Jeanrenaud – cello Ástor Piazzolla – bandoneón Production Recorded and mixed at Power Station, New York City Judith Sherman, Rob Eaton, Dave O'Donnell, Dan Gellert – engineers See also Kronos Quartet discography References Category:1991 albums Category:Kronos Quartet albums Category:Nonesuch Records albums Category:Tango albums

Bärenthal is a small municipality in the valley of river Bära, West Swabian Alb, district of Tuttlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. References Category:Tuttlingen (district) Category:Province of Hohenzollern

Religious naturalism combines a naturalist worldview with ideals, perceptions, traditions, and values that have been traditionally associated with many religions or religious institutions. "Religious naturalism is a perspective that finds religious meaning in the natural world and rejects the notion of a supernatural realm." The term "religious" in this context is construed in general terms, separate from the traditions, customs, or beliefs of any one of the established religions. Areas of inquiry include attempts to understand the natural world and the spiritual and moral implications of naturalist views. Understanding is based on knowledge obtained through scientific inquiry, and insights from the humanities and the arts. Religious naturalists use these perspectives when they respond to personal and social challenges (e.g. finding purpose, seeking justice, coming to terms with mortality) and concerning the natural world. Overview Naturalism All forms of religious naturalism, being naturalistic in their basic beliefs, assert that the natural world is the center of our most significant experiences and understandings. Consequently, Nature is looked at as the ultimate value in assessing one's being. Despite having followed differing cultural and individual paths, religious naturalists affirm the human need for meaning and value in their lives. They draw on two fundamental convictions in those quests: the sense of Nature's richness, spectacular complexity, and fertility, and the recognition that Nature is the only realm in which people live out their lives. Humans are considered interconnected to various parts of Nature. Science is a fundamental, indispensable component of the paradigm of religious naturalism. It relies on mainstream science to reinforce religious and spiritual perspectives. Science is the primary interpretive tool for religious naturalism because scientific methods provide the most reliable understanding of Nature and the world, including human nature. Religious Religious naturalists use the term "religious" to refer to an attitude of being appreciative of and interested in concerns that have long been a part of religions. These include: A spiritual sense, which may include a sense of mystery or wonder or feelings of reverence or awe in response to the scope and power and beauty of the natural world. A moral sense with compassion, desire for justice, and attempts to do what is right—concerning other people, other creatures, and the natural environment) As the source of all that is and the reason why all things are as they are, the natural world can be of utmost importance. As in other religious orientations, religious naturalism includes a central story, a modern creation myth, to describe humanity and its place in the world. This story begins with the Big Bang and the emergence of galaxies, stars, planets, life, and evolution that led to the emergence of human beings. Taking this insight into the being and origin of humans, religious naturalists look to the natural world, as the source of human intelligence and inclinations, for information and insights that may help to understand and respond to unanswered philosophical questions such as : Why do we want what we want? Why do we do the things we do? What might we try to point ourselves toward? Furthermore, religious naturalists try to find ways to minimize problems (both internally and externally), to allow us to better ourselves, and relate to others and the world we are part of. When discussing distinctions between religious naturalists and secular naturalists, Loyal Rue said: "I regard a religious or spiritual person to be one who takes ultimate concerns to heart." He noted that, while "plain old" naturalists are concerned with morals and may have emotional responses to the mysteries and wonders of the world, those who describe themselves as religious naturalists take it more "to heart" and show an active interest in this area. History Core themes in religious naturalism have been present, in varied cultures, for centuries. But active discussion, with the use of this name, is relatively recent. Zeno (c. 334 – c. 262 BCE, a founder of Stoicism) said: Views consistent with religious naturalism can be seen in ancient Daoist texts (e.g., Dao De Jing) and some Hindu views (such as God as Nirguna Brahman, God without attributes). They may also be seen in Western images that do not focus on active, personal aspects of God, such as Thomas Aquinas' view of God as Pure Act, Augustine's God as Being Itself, and Paul Tillich's view of God as Ground of Being. As Wesley Wildman has described, views consistent with religious naturalism have long existed as part of the underside of major religious traditions, often quietly and sometimes in mystical strands or intellectual sub-traditions, by practitioners who are not drawn to supernatural claims. The earliest uses of the term, religious naturalism, seem to have occurred in the 1800s. In 1846, the American Whig Review described "a seeming 'religious naturalism'", In 1869, American Unitarian Association literature adjudged:"Religious naturalism differs from this mainly in the fact that it extends the domain of nature farther outward into space and time. ...It never transcends nature". Ludwig Feuerbach wrote that religious naturalism was "the acknowledgment of the Divine in Nature" and also "an element of the Christian religion", but by no means that religion's definitive "characteristic" or "tendency". In 1864, Pope Pius IX condemned religious naturalism in the first seven articles of the Syllabus of Errors. Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983), one of the great rabbis of the 20th century and the founder of the Jewish Reconstructionist movement, was an early advocate of religious naturalism. He believed that a naturalistic approach to religion and ethics was possible in a desacralizing world. He saw God as the sum of all-natural processes. Other verified usages of the term came in 1940 from George Perrigo Conger and from Edgar S. Brightman. Shortly thereafter, H. H. Dubs wrote an article entitled Religious Naturalism – an Evaluation , which begins "Religious naturalism is today one of the outstanding American philosophies of religion..." and discusses ideas developed by Henry Nelson Wieman in books that predate Dubs's article by 20 years. In 1991 Jerome A. Stone wrote The Minimalist Vision of Transcendence explicitly "to sketch a philosophy of religious naturalism". Use of the term was expanded in the 1990s by Loyal Rue, who was familiar with it from Brightman's book. Rue used the term in conversations with several people before 1994, and subsequent conversations between Rue and Ursula Goodenough [both of whom were active in the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS) led to Goodenough's use in her book The Sacred Depths of Nature and by Rue in Religion is Not About God and other writings. Since 1994 numerous authors have used the phrase or expressed similar thinking. Examples include Chet Raymo, Stuart Kauffman and Karl E. Peters. Mike Ignatowski states that "there were many religious naturalists in the first half of the 20th century and some even before that" but that "religious naturalism as a movement didn't come into its own until about 1990 [and] took a major leap forward in 1998 when Ursula Goodenough published The Sacred Depths of Nature, which is considered one of the founding texts of this movement." Biologist Ursula Goodenough states: Donald Crosby's Living with Ambiguity published in 2008, has, as its first chapter, "Religion of Nature as a Form of Religious Naturalism". Loyal Rue's Nature is Enough published in 2011, discusses "Religion Naturalized, Nature Sanctified" and "The Promise of Religious Naturalism". Religious Naturalism Today: The Rebirth of a Forgotten Alternative is a history by Dr. Jerome A. Stone (Dec. 2008 release) that presents this paradigm as a once-forgotten option in religious thinking that is making a rapid revival. It seeks to explore and encourage religious ways of responding to the world on a completely naturalistic basis without a supreme being or ground of being. This book traces this history and analyzes some of the issues dividing religious naturalists. It covers the birth of religious naturalism, from George Santayana to Henry Nelson Wieman and briefly explores religious naturalism in literature and art. Contested issues are discussed including whether nature's power or goodness is the focus of attention and also on the appropriateness of using the term "God". The contributions of more than twenty living religious naturalists are presented. The last chapter ends the study by exploring what it is like on the inside to live as a religious naturalist. Chet Raymo writes that he had come to the same conclusion as Teilhard de Chardin: "Grace is everywhere", and that naturalistic emergence is in everything and far more magical than religion-based miracles. A future humankind religion should be ecumenical, ecological, and embrace the story provided by science as the "most reliable cosmology". As P. Roger Gillette summarizes: Tenets Due to the high importance placed on nature, some religious naturalists have a strong sense of stewardship for the Earth. Luther College professor Loyal Rue has written: Religious naturalists will be known for their reverence and awe before Nature, their love for Nature and natural forms, their sympathy for all living things, their guilt for enlarging the ecological footprints, their pride in reducing them, their sense of gratitude directed towards the matrix of life, their contempt for those who abstract themselves from natural values, and their solidarity with those who link their self-esteem to sustainable living. Varieties The literature related to religious naturalism includes many variations in conceptual framing. This reflects individual takes on various issues, to some extent various schools of thought, such as basic naturalism, religious humanism, pantheism, panentheism, and spiritual naturalism that have had time on the conceptual stage, and to some extent differing ways of characterizing Nature. The current discussion often relates to the issue of whether belief in a God or God-language and associated concepts have any place in a framework that treats the physical universe as its essential frame of reference and the methods of science as providing the preeminent means for determining what Nature is. There are at least three varieties of religious naturalism, and three similar but somewhat different ways to categorize them. They are: An approach to naturalism using theological language but fundamentally treats God metaphorically. An approach to naturalism using theological language, but as either (1) a faith statement or supported by philosophical arguments, or (2) both, usually leaving open the question whether that usage as metaphor or refers to the ultimate answer that Nature can be. Neo-theistic (process theology, progressive religions) – Gordon Kaufman, Karl E. Peters, Ralph Wendell Burhoe, Edmund Robinson Non-theistic (agnostic, naturalistic concepts of god) – Robertson himself, Stanley Klein, Stuart Kauffman, Naturalistic Paganism. Atheistic (no God concept, some modern naturalism, Process Naturalism, C. Robert Mesle, non-militant atheism, antitheism) – Jerome A. Stone, Michael Cavanaugh, Donald A. Crosby, Ursula Goodenough, Daniel Dennett A miscellany of individual perspectives – Philip Hefner The first category has as many sub-groups as there are distinct definitions for god. Believers in a supernatural entity (transcendent) are by definition not religious naturalists, however the matter of a naturalistic concept of God (Immanence) is currently debated. Strong atheists are not considered religious naturalists in this differentiation. Some individuals call themselves religious naturalists but refuse to be categorized. The unique theories of religious naturalists Loyal Rue, Donald A. Crosby, Jerome A. Stone, and Ursula Goodenough are discussed by Michael Hogue in his 2010 book The Promise of Religious Naturalism. God concepts Those who conceive of God as the creative process within the universe—example, Henry Nelson Wieman Those who think of God as the totality of the universe considered religiously—Bernard Loomer. A third type of religious naturalism sees no need to use the concept or terminology of God—Stone himself and Ursula Goodenough Stone emphasizes that some religious naturalists do not reject the concept of God, but if they use the concept, it involves a radical alteration of the idea such as Gordon Kaufman who defines God as creativity. Ignatowski divides religious naturalism into only two types—theistic and non-theistic. Shared principles There are several principles shared by the aforementioned varieties of religious naturalism: All varieties of religious naturalism see humans as an interconnected, emergent part of nature. Accept the primacy of science in regard to what is measurable via the scientific method. Recognize science's limitations in accounting for judgments of value and in providing a full account of human experience. Thus religious naturalism embraces nature's creativity, beauty, and mystery and honors many aspects of the artistic, cultural and religious traditions that respond to and attempt to interpret Nature in subjective ways. Approach matters of morality, ethics, and value with a focus on how the world works, with a deep concern for fairness and the welfare of all humans regardless of their station in life. Seek to integrate these interpretative, spiritual and ethical responses in a manner that respects diverse religious and philosophical perspectives, while still subjecting them and itself to rigorous scrutiny. The focus on scientific standards of evidence imbues religious naturalism with the humility inherent in scientific inquiry and its limited, albeit ever-deepening, ability to describe reality (see Epistemology). A strong environmental ethic for the welfare of the planet Earth and humanity. Belief in the sacredness of life and the evolutionary process The concept of emergence has grown in popularity with many religious naturalists. It helps explain how a complex Universe and life by self-organization have risen out of a multiplicity of relatively simple elements and their interactions. The entire story of emergence is related in the Epic of Evolution—the mythic scientific narrative used to tell the verifiable chronicle of the evolutionary process that is the Universe. Most religious naturalists consider the Epic of Evolution a true story about the historic achievement of Nature. "The Epic of Evolution is the 14 billion year narrative of cosmic, planetary, life, and cultural evolution—told in sacred ways. Not only does it bridge mainstream science and a diversity of religious traditions; if skillfully told, it makes the science story memorable and deeply meaningful, while enriching one's religious faith or secular outlook." Many naturalistic writers have used this theme as a topic for their books using such synonyms as: Cosmic Evolution, Everybody's Story, Evolutionary Epic, Evolutionary Universe, Great Story, New Story, Universal Story. Connie Barlow writes: "Epic of evolution' is a term that, within the past three years(1998), has become the theme and title of a number of gatherings. It seems to have been first used by Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson in 1978. 'The evolutionary epic', Wilson wrote in his book On Human Nature, is probably the best myth we will ever have. Myth as falsehood was not the usage intended by Wilson in this statement. Rather, myth as a grand narrative that provides people with a placement in time—a meaningful placement that celebrates extraordinary moments of a shared heritage. The epic of evolution is science translated into a meaningful story." Evolutionary evangelist minister Michael Dowd uses the term to help present his position that science and religious faith are not mutually exclusive (a premise of religious naturalism). He preaches that the epic of cosmic, biological, and human evolution, revealed by science, is a basis for an inspiring and meaningful view of our place in the universe. Evolution is viewed as a spiritual process that it is not meaningless blind chance. He is joined by a number of other theologians in this position. Notable proponents and critics Proponents Proponents of religious naturalism are seen from two perspectives. The first includes contemporary individuals who have discussed and supported religious naturalism, per se. The other includes historic individuals who may not have used or been familiar with the term, "religious naturalism", but who had views that are relevant to and whose thoughts have contributed to the development of religious naturalism. Individuals who have openly discussed and supported religious naturalism, include: Chet Raymo Loyal Rue Donald A. Crosby Jerome A. Stone Michael Dowd Ursula Goodenough Terrence Deacon Loren Eiseley Philip Hefner Ralph Wendell Burhoe Mordecai Kaplan Henry Nelson Wieman George Santayana Gordon D. Kaufman Stuart Kauffman Stanley A. Klein C. Robert Mesle Karl E. Peters Varadaraja V. Raman Ian Barbour Robert S. Corrington Wesley Wildman Individuals who were precursors to religious naturalism, or who otherwise influenced its development, include: Lao-Tzu Albert Einstein W.E.B. Du Bois Aldo Leopold Critics Religious naturalism has been criticized from two perspectives. One is that of traditional Western religion, which disagrees with naturalist disbelief in a personal God. Another is that of naturalists who do not agree that a religious sense can or should be associated with naturalist views. Critics in the first group include supporters of traditional Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions. Critics in the second group include: Richard Dawkins John Haught Prominent communities and leaders Religious naturalists sometimes use the social practices of traditional religions, including communal gatherings and rituals, to foster a sense of community, and to serve as reinforcement of its participants' efforts to expand the scope of their understandings. Some other groups mainly communicate online. Some known examples of religious naturalists groupings and congregation leaders are: Religious Naturalist Association Spiritual Naturalist Society Unitarian Universalist Religious Naturalists Religious Naturalism Facebook Group World Pantheist Movement – largely web-based but with some local groups. Universal Pantheist Society founded 1975 – Pantheism is an intercepting concept with religious naturalism Congregation Beth Or, a Jewish congregation near Chicago led by Rabbi David Oler Congregation of Beth Adam in Loveland Ohio led by Rabbi Robert Barr Pastor Ian Lawton, minister at the Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, West Michigan and Center for Progressive Christianity Religious Naturalism is the focus of classes and conferences at some colleges and theology schools. Articles about religious naturalism have appeared frequently in journals, including Zygon, American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, and the International Journal for Philosophy and Religion. See also Animism Creation Spirituality Creativity (religion) Daoism Epic of evolution Epicureanism Fitra Liberal naturalism Liberal religion List of new religious movements Naturalistic pantheism Philosophical theism Postsecularism Process theology Secular paganism Spiritual naturalism World Pantheist Movement Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science References Further reading 2015 – Donald A. Crosby – More Than Discourse: Symbolic Expressions of Naturalistic Faith, State University of New York Press, 2015 – Nathan Martinez – Rise Like Lions: Language and The False Gods of Civilization, 2008 – Donald A. Crosby – The Thou of Nature: Religious Naturalism and Reverence for Sentient Life, State University of New York Press, 2011 – Loyal Rue – Nature Is Enough, State University of New York Press, 2010 – Michael Hogue – The Promise of Religious Naturalism, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Sept.16, 2010, 2009 – Michael Ruse & Joseph Travis  – Evolution: The First Four Billion Years, Belknap Press, 2009, 2008 – Donald A. Crosby – Living with Ambiguity: Religious Naturalism and the Menace of Evil, State University of New York Press, 2008 – Michael Dowd – Thank God for Evolution:, Viking (June 2008), 2008 – Chet Raymo – When God Is Gone, Everything Is Holy: The Making of a Religious Naturalist, Sorin Books, 2008 – Kenneth R. Miller – Only a Theory: Evolution and the Battle for America's Soul, Viking Adult, 2008, 2008 – Eugenie C. Scott – Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction, Greenwood Press, 2007 – Eric Chaisson – Epic of Evolution, Columbia University Press (March 2, 2007), 2006 – John Haught – Is Nature Enough?, Cambridge University Press (May 31, 2006), 2006 – Loyal Rue – Religion Is Not About God, Rutgers University Press, July 24, 2006, 2004 – Gordon Kaufman – In the Beginning... Creativity, Augsburg Fortress Pub., 2004, 2003 – James B. Miller – The Epic of Evolution: Science and Religion in Dialogue, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003, 2002  – Donald A. Crosby – A Religion of Nature – State University of New York Press, 2000 – Ursula Goodenough – Sacred Depths of Nature, Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (June 15, 2000), 2000 – John Stewart – Evolution's Arrow: The Direction of Evolution and the Future of Humanity, Chapman Press, 2000, 1997 – Connie Barlow – Green Space Green Time: The Way of Science, Springer (September 1997), 1992 – Brian Swimme – The Universe Story: From the Primordial Flaring Forth to the Ecozoic Era, HarperCollins, 1992, Reading lists – Evolution Reading Resources, Books of the Epic of Evolution, Cosmic Evolution External links Religious Naturalist Association Religious Naturalism Religious Naturalism Resources Boston University The Great Story leading religious naturalist educational website Naturalism.org The New Cosmology SacredRiver.org The Spiritual Naturalist Society