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en901 | Modern cooperatives operate like private business enterprises as far as profit maximization is concerned | Ma cooperative amakono amagwira ntchito ngati makampani omwe siaboma pankhani zofuna kuchulukitsa phindu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en902 | However the net profits realizes will be ploughed back to the member-farmers in proportion to their business turnover with the cooperative and to a lesser extent as dividends on the shares held by the individual members | Komabe phindu lomwe limapezeka limabwelera kwa mamembala omwe ndi alimi motsatira kukula kwa phindu lomwe lapezeka ndi cooperative ndipo kumbali ina ngati chiongoladzanja pa ma share omwe aliyense ali nawo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en903 | The special feature of a cooperative is that the members are the financiers, the owners, the users, the controllers and the beneficiaries of the business at the same time | Chachikulu chozindikiritsa cooperative ndichakuti mamembala ake ndi omwe amasonkha ndalama zoyendetsera, eni ake, ogwiritsa ntchito, olamula komanso opindula ndi ntchitozo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en904 | The law governing cooperative societies is the Cooperative Societies Act Cap. 47:02. “A Guide to the Cooperative Societies Act” in simple English is available at the Department of Cooperatives within the Ministry of Industry and Trade | Lamulo loyendetsera ma cooperative ndi la Cooperative Societies Act Cap. 47:02. "A Guide to the Cooperative Societies Act" mu chizungu chosavuta lilipo ku Department of Cooperatives ku unduna wa zamalonda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en905 | Advantages of a cooperative include: The business has a separate identity other that the members (shareholders); The members have limited liability | Ubwino wa ma cooperative ndi monga: ntchito yamalonda imasiyanitsidwa ndi zochitika za mamembala ake; mamembala amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en906 | Management is based on democratic principles. Shares are easily transferable. Legal regulations protect members’ rights (regular audits, financial estimates, members’ right to request an inspection by the Registrar) | Kagwiridwe kantchito kamatsatira ndondomeko za ufulu wodzilamulira wokha. Ma share amasamutsidwa mosavuta. Malamulo amateteza ufulu wamamembala monga kuwerengetsa chuma pafupipafupi, kupeleka ndondomeko ya chuma, ufulu wa mamembama kupempha kuti adzayenderedwe ndi a Registrar | agriculture | agriculture document |
en907 | The cooperative continues when some members die. Members must be farmers with a common bond (growing the same crop, living in the same area), thus they can utilize economies of scale. Can capture certain market opportunities because of bigger production volume | Cooperative imapitilira pomwe membala wamwalira. Membala ayenera akhale mlimi yemwe ali ndi zofanana ndi alimi anzake monga kulima mbewu zofanana, kukhala dera limodzi motero akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwilira ntchito. Akhoza kupeza misika yabwino chifukwa chokhala ndi katundu wambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en908 | Profits may be reinvested into the co-operative and/or can be distributed to members according to their business turnover with the cooperative. Property of the cooperative is owned by the members. Size of membership is not restricted | Phindu likhoza kubwezetsedwanso mu cooperative kapena kugawidwa kwa mamembala potengera kukula kwa ntchito zamalonda zomwe anachita ndi cooperative. Katundu wa cooperative amakhala wa mamembala onse. Kukula kwa chiwerengero cha mamembala kulibe malire | agriculture | agriculture document |
en909 | In the formation of farmers’ organizations agricultural extension staff as well as competent advisors from NGOs and the private sector assume the role of facilitators | Pokhadzikitsa magulu a alimi, alangizi a zaulimi komanso alangizi ena odziwa bwino ntchito ochokera kumabungwe omwe siaboma kuti amagwira ntchito zophunzitsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en910 | Their function is to create awareness among the farming community about the advantages and disadvantages of cooperatives in order to face the new challenges of production and marketing. | Ntchito yawo ndi kuzindikiritsa alimi pa zaubwino kapena kuyipa ka ma cooperative ndi cholinga choti akhale okonzeka kukumana ndi zopsinja za ulimi komanso ntchito zostatsa malonda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en911 | They assist the farmers in getting the needed information on group organization and management in order to empower the farmers to make sound decisions | Amathandiza alimi kupeza mauthenga ofunika okhuza gulu lawo komanso kayendetsedwe ndi cholinga chopeleka mphamvu kwa alimi zowathandiza kupanga ziganizo zabwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en912 | However, it has to be remembered that ultimately group-formation is a bottom-up process which is owned by the farmers themselves | Komabe, ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kukhadzikitsa gulu kumayambira mmunsi ndipo eni ake ndi alimiwo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en913 | The following steps of group formation might serve as guidelines for farmers as well as facilitators in order to ensure good organization and functioning of farmer groups | Ndondomeko zotsatirazi zokhadzikitsira gulu zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ngati malamulo kwa alimi komanso aphunzitsi pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti magulu a alimi akuyendetsedwa ndi kugwira bwino ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en914 | Awareness meeting with leading smallholder farmers - This is usually an informal meeting with some of the leading farmers from the area to discuss the problems and needs farmers face and the possibility of forming a farmer organization to address those needs | Misonkhano yozindikiritsa alimi ang'onoang'ono otsogolera- iyi imakhala misonkhano yosakhadzikika ndi ena mwa alimi otsogolera kuchokera kuderalo kuti akambirane mavuto ndi zosowa zomwe alimi akukumana nazo komanso mwayi wokhadzikitsa gulu la alimi kuti athane ndi mavutowo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en915 | It should be mentioned that in some cases farmer organizations cannot be used to address some challenges and needs | Nkofunika kunena kuti pena magulu a alimi sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta kapena zokhumba zina | agriculture | agriculture document |
en916 | First smallholder farmer Meeting-This is an exploratory meeting with potential members. In case of a positive decision the Interim Steering Committee should be elected in order to guide the group through the further formation process | Mtsonkhano woyamba wa alimi ang'onoang'ono- uwu ndi msonkhano wodzakumana ndi omwe ali ndi chidwi chopanga gulu. Ngati aonetsa chidwi, komiti yogwirizira imasankhidwa kuti itsogolere gulu pa ndondomeko zonse zokhadzikitsira gulu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en917 | Feasibility Study-Feasibility study is designed to provide an overview of the primary issues related to a business idea. It determines whether the business idea would be economically worthwhile or not | Kuchita kafukufuku - kafukufuku amakonzedwa pofuna kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha zovuta zomwe zilipo pa chiganizo chokhuza ntchito zamalonda. Amanena ngati ntchito yamalonda yomwe ikuganiziridwa ndi yoyenera kapena ayi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en918 | Second smallholder farmer meeting-At this meeting the results of the feasibility study will be presented and discussed | Msonkhano wachiwiri wa alimi ang'onoang'ono- pa nsokhano uwu, zotsatira zakafukufuku zimapelekedwa kwa anthu kuti akambirane | agriculture | agriculture document |
en919 | If the feasibility study is indicating a viable business but farmers support is questionable it is advisable to ask farmers to make a token interest investment and sign a pre-membership agreement. Nevertheless, there should be a vote to proceed with formation or not | Ngati kafukufuku akuonetsa kuti ntchito yamalonda ndiyotheka koma alimi sakuonetsa chidwi, ndikoyenera kuwafunsa alimi kuti aonetse chidwi pa ntchitoyi ndipo avomere kukhala mamembala ogwirizira. Ngakhele zili chonchi, pakhale kuponya voti ngati pakufunika kupitilira kupanga gulu kapena ayi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en920 | Business plan-There is need for a business plan for the group to be prepared. A business-plan gives an opportunity to find weaknesses or hidden problems ahead of time. This aims at assessing potentiality of chosen business | Ndondomeko ya ntchito zamalonda-pali kufunika kokhala ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito zamalonda za gulu kuti ikonzedwe. Ndondomeko imapeleka chotsanzo cha mwayi kuti muunike zofooka komanso mavuto obisika asanachitike. Cholinga chake ndi kufufuza kuthekera kwa ntchito yomwe yasankhidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en921 | Constitution and bye laws-Group members need to discuss and formulate the groups constitution and bye laws. They will be used for registration and in day to day activities of the group | Malamulo a gulu- mamembala a gulu ayenera kukambirana ndikukonza malamulo oyendetsera gulu. Adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokalembetsa gulu komanso kuyendetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za gulu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en922 | Incorporation of the farmers’ Organizations-The legal environment, the kind of services envisaged, the feasibility study as well as the member's preferences will determine which organizational form will be chosen | Kulembetsa gulu la alimi- Malamulo omwe gulu lidzitsatira, ntchito zomwe gulu lidzichita, kafukufuku komanso zokonda za mamembala zithandiza kusankha kuti gulu lokhadzikitsidwa litsatire zotani | agriculture | agriculture document |
en923 | Election of office bearers-Before election, farmers need to be sensitized on the office's, responsibilities and duties of office bearers | Kusankha atsogoleri- masankho asanachitike, alimi ayenera kudzindikiritsidwa za maudindo, ntchito ndi udindo wa atsogoleri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en924 | This will enable them to elect appropriate persons to the positions. Officers should then be elected carefully according to reputation and qualifications needed | Izi zithandiza kuti asankhe anthu oyenera kukhala mmipandoyo. Atsogoleri ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala potengera mbiri zawo komanso maphunziro awo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en925 | Hire staff, acquire facilities and equipment-Employing staff or other personnel will depend on the type and size of business and qualifications needed to run it | Kulemba ogwira ntchito, kupeza malo komanso zida- Kulemba anthu ogwira ntchito ndi ena othandizira kutengera mtundu ndi kukula kwa ntchito zamalonda komanso maphunziro oyenera kuyendetsera ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en926 | Acquire facilities and equipment that may be required. Ensure that use and maintenance of facilities like storage rooms, office rooms and phones is well stipulated in the bye laws | Pezani malo ndi zida zomwe zikufunika. Onetsetsani kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikukukonza kwa malo monga malo osungira zinthu, malo ogwilira ntchito, ma lamya zayikidwa mmalamulo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en927 | Begin operations-Open bank account, arrange for book keeping and record keeping, elect members to subcommittees or task forces, start implementing the business plan | Yambani ntchito zamalonda- tsegulani buku laku banki, pezani olemba ndikusunga zonse zochitika pa malonda, sankhani mamembala mumakomiti ang'onoang'ono, yambani kugwira ntchito zomwe zili mu ndondomeko yanu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en928 | The overall objective of a farmers’ organization is to increase the farmers’ income. This is achieved by offering tailor-made services to its members | Cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe la alimi ndi kuchulukitsa phindu la alimi. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa popeleka upangiri womwe mamembala akufuna | agriculture | agriculture document |
en929 | Usually a farmers’ organization will provide one or more of the following services: Marketing-Through bulking of members’ produce, the farmers’ bargaining power is improved when dealing with other business-partners | Nthawi zambiri bungwe la alimi lidzapeleka imodzi kapena kupitilira apo mwa ntchito izi: Kutsatsa malonda kudzera kusonkhetsa katundu, kuthekera kwa alimi kunenera mitengo kumakula akamambirana ndi ochita malonda ena | agriculture | agriculture document |
en930 | Wholesale traders are attracted by big quantities and might collect the produce with their own transport facilities, thus reducing the marketing costs of the farmers | Ogula mopikula amakopeka ndi katundu wambiri ndipo akhoza kudzanyamula wokha katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe awo, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsira malonda kwa alimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en931 | Improved storage facilities can reduce produce losses and enable the Farmers’ organizations to speculate on prices | Zipangizo zosungura katundu zamakono zingachepetse kuwonongeka kwa zokolola ndi kuthandiza bungwe la alimi kupeza mitengo yabwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en932 | Communication facilities which might be too costly for an individual farmer for identifying attractive buyers and accessing market information | Zipangizo zolumikizana zomwe zingakhale zamtengo wokwera kwambiri kwa mlimi payekha zosakira ogula opatsa chikoka ndi kupeza mauthenga a misika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en933 | Value adding by grading, simple processing and packaging. Buyers are attracted by assured quality. Improved facilities and equipment like scales are verified by Malawi Bureau of Standards in order to diminish fraud | Kuonjezera phindu posankha, kuzikonza pang'ono ndi kudziyika mu zipangizo zogulitsira. Ogula amakopeza akatsimikiza kuti katundu ndi wabwino. Zipangizo ndi zida zamakono monga zoyezera zimatsindikizidwa ndi Malawi Bureau of Standards pofuna kuthetsa mchitidwe wakuba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en934 | Reduced costs of inputs-bulk purchasing reduces price of needed supplies. Reduced costs of transport-some companies offer free delivery when the ordered amount is big enough | Kuchepetsa ndalama za zipangizo-Kugula katundu wochuluka pakamodzi kumachepetsa mtengo wa zipangizo zomwe zikufunikira. Kuchepetsa ndalama za mayendedwe-makampani ena amanyamula katundu mwaulele mukagula katundu wochuluka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en935 | Supply of specific inputs otherwise not available. Sometimes the private sector is not interested to provide specific inputs in remote areas. Those inputs can be made available by the farmers’ organization | Kupeza zipangizo zomwe palibe. Nthawi zina ochita malonda omwe si aboma samakhala ndi chidwi chopititsa zipangizo za zina za ulimi kumidzi. Zipangizo za ulimizi zikhoza kupezeka kudzera ku bungwe la alimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en936 | Organized groups have easy access to credit institutions. Through provision of services at cost and distribution of the Farmers’ Organizations’ earnings, the income of the members is improved | Magulu okhazikika amakhala ndi mwayi ofikira ongongoza ndalama mosavuta. Kudzera nkupeleka ntchito molipiritsa komanso kugawana phindu lomwe bungwe la alimi lapeza, chuma cha mamambala chimachuluka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en937 | Continued education on production, marketing and organizational issues boosts production and improves members’ educational level | Maphunziro opitilira a zaulimi, kutsatsa malonda ndi kukonza kayendetsedwe kazinthu zimakuza malimidwe komanso kuwonjezera maphunziro a mamembala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en938 | Enables more effective linkages between extension services providers and research. Encourages farmer to farmer extension services using the Lead Farmer Approach. | Zimathandiza maubale abwino pakati pa alangizi a zaumili ndi ochita kafukufuku. Zimalimbikitsa mlimi ndi mlimi kuthandizana kudzera mu ndondomeko ya Mlimi Wachitsanso | agriculture | agriculture document |
en939 | Farmers’ Organization represents many voices and is in a much better position to raise its members’ concerns in the political arena than an individual farmer | Bungwe la alimi limayimira liwu la anthu ambiri ndipo liri ndi mphamvu yoyankhula madandaulo a mamembala ake kwa andale kuposa mlimi payekha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en940 | Farmers Organizations can address members’ needs not taken care of by other institutions and/ or organizations by offering tailor-made services | Bungwe la alimi lingathe kuthetsa mavuto a mamembala ake omwe sanakonzedwe ndi nthambi ndi mabungwe ena powapatsa ntchito zomwe iwo akufuna | agriculture | agriculture document |
en941 | As farmers become more market-oriented, agricultural extension needs are changing and extension workers, farmers, and other stakeholders face new challenges in providing appropriate advice | Pemene chidwi cha alimi chukukhala pa misika, zosowekera pa ulangizi wa zaulimi zikusinthanso ndipo alangizi a zaulimi, alimi ndi magulu ena onse akukumana ndi zovuta zatsopano popeleka upangiri woyenera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en942 | Smallholder farmers have to become better managers, more competitive and improve their efficiency and profitability | Alimi ang'onoang'ono akhale akaswiri oyang'anira ntchito, wopambana anzawo pazochitika ndi kumachita bwino komanso kupeza phindu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en943 | One methodology envisioned by the service is to build farmer capacity in entrepreneurial and management skills, through a “learning by doing” approach | Njira imodzi yomwe inagaziridwa ndi eni ntchito ndi kukulitsa kuthekera kwa alimi powaphunzitsa maluso a zamalonda ndi kasamalidwe kake kudzera munjira yophunzira pakuchita | agriculture | agriculture document |
en944 | The Farm Business School (FBS) concept enables farmers to learn and improve their knowledge, change their attitudes and enhance their skills toward improved farm commercialization | Sukulu za malonda za alimi zimathandiza alimi kuphunzira ndi kuwonjezera nzeru zawo, kusintha kaganizidwe kawo ndi kukometsa maluso awo pochita ulimi ngati malonda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en945 | A Farm Business School is defined as a programme of business-oriented learning designed to help smallholder farmers who are getting involved in producing for the market and need help in making it work profitably | Sukulu ya malonda ya alimi imatanthauza kuti ntchito zamaphunziro a ulimi zotsamira ku malonda zokonzedwa kuthandiza alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe akutenga mbali paulimi ndicholinga chogulitsa ndipo akusowa thandizo kuti adzipeza phindu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en946 | It is a venue that brings farmers together to carry out collective and collaborative enquiry with the purpose of motivating farmers to address business and marketing problems and opportunities | Iyi ndi njira yobweretsa alimi pamodzi kuti akambirane pamodzi ndi mothandizana zakufunika kokopa alimi kuti akonze zovuta za ntchito zamalonda ndi kutsatsa malonda komanso mwayi womwe angapeze pamalonda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en947 | This learning takes place at village or local level in circumstances that are familiar to the participants | Kuphunzira uku kumachitikira kumudzi kapena kudera, komwe ophunzira anazolowera zochitika zake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en948 | Extension officers and lead farmers are trained as facilitators and then organize seasonal training courses, where farmers work in small groups at their own agreed time and duration using materials that have been specially designed for the schools | Alangizi ndi alimi achitsanzo anaphunzitsidwa ngati otsogolera maphunziro ndipo amakonza maphunziro molingana ndi nyengo, komwe alimi amagwira ntchito mmagulu ang'onoang'ono panthawi yomwe apangana pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera ku sukuluko | agriculture | agriculture document |
en949 | The FBS forum is also regarded as a forum for sharing knowledge between farmers through discussion, practical exercises and self-study | Nkumano wa sukulu ya malonda ya alimi zimatengedwanso ngati malo ogawana nzeru pakati pa alimi kudzera muzokambirana, kugwira ntchito moyesera komanso kuphunzira paokha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en950 | The major focus on FBS is management, marketing, financing and production skill development | Chidwi chachikulu cha sukulu ya malonda ya alimi ndi kukulitsa luso la kasamalidwe, kutsatsa malonda, kupeza chuma komanso kapangidwe ka zinthu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en951 | A Farm Business School has four key characteristics. Focus on content not the training facility: The Farm Business School ‘classroom’ can be a classroom in a school, a formal training venue, a meeting room in a cooperative, church premises, or even outside under a tree | Sukulu ya malonda ya alimi ili ndi zozindikiritsa zinayi. Chidwi chimakhala pa zophunzitsidwa osati malo ophunzilira; malo ophunzilira pa sukulu ya malonda ya alimi akhoza kukhala mkalasi pa sukulu, malo ovomerezeka a maphunziro, chipinda chopangira misonkhano, malo a tchalichi ngakhale pansi pamtengo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en952 | Equipment is kept to a minimum. A white board or chalk board, markers, chalk, pencils and exercise books make up the majority of the teaching and learning ‘equipment’ | Zida zimakhala zochepa. Polemba mphunzitsi, zolembera, makope ndi zikuzikulu zomwe zimapezeka ngati zida zophunzitsira ndi kuphunzilira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en953 | Experiential learning (learning by doing): Participants in the Farm Business School learn by doing. This includes exercises in the ‘classroom’, field trips, market visits, presentations and demonstrations | Kuphunzira pochita: Otenga mbali ku sukulu ya malonda ya alimi amaphunzira pochita. Izi zikuphatikiza ntchito za mkalasi, kupita kuminda, kuyendera misika, kuphunzitsa zomwe achita komanso zionetsero | agriculture | agriculture document |
en954 | Farmer to farmer learning: There are no experts who know everything or have all the right answers | Mlimi ndi mlimi kuphunzitsana: palibe akatswiri omwe amadziwa zonse kapena omwe ali ndi mayankho olondola onse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en955 | Most of the participants have something to share and something to learn. They draw from their personal experiences. They help one another understand how things work in the real world | Ophunzira ambiri ali ndi kenakake kuti agawire ena komanso zoti aphunzire. Amapeza izi kuchokera mu zomwe aphunzira kwina.Amathandizana kuti amvetsetse momwe zinthu zigwilira ntchito kunjaku | agriculture | agriculture document |
en956 | Matching the farm season: The programme is organized to match the activities of the farm season | Kufananiza nyengo yaulimi: ntchitoyi imakonzedwa kuti iyenderane ndi ntchito mu nyengo ya ulimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en957 | Planning is done before the land is prepared in case of crops or new livestock is purchased. Marketing is addressed as a part of the planning what to produce, but it is also looked at again before the harvest is due | Ndongosolo la ntchito limapangidwa minda isanakonzedwe ngati zili mbeu kapena ziweto zatsopano zisanagulidwe. Kutsatsa malonda kumaunikidwa ngati njira imodzi yokonza zoti alime, koma imaunikidwanso nthawi yokolola isanafike | agriculture | agriculture document |
en958 | All of these factors keep the learning real. They keep the learning in the context of the participants’ own experiences and farming set up | Zinthu zonsezi zimachititsa kuphinzira kukhala kwenikweni. Maphunziro amatengera zomwe ophunzira akumana nazo komanso mmene pakhalira pamunda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en959 | A FBS can be used or implemented by any number of organizations and individuals. This includes farmer organizations, farmer groups, commodity groups and non-government organizations | Sukulu yamalonda ya alimi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuchitidwa ndi anthu kapena magulu ena aliwonse. Izi zikuphatikiza mabungwe a alimi, magulu a alami, ochita malonda kapena mabungwe omwe si aboma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en960 | The FBS can be run as its own programme, or can be incorporated as a part of another programme | Sukulu yamalonda ya alimi ikhoza kukhala yoyima payokha, kapena ikhoza kukhala mbali ya ntchito zina | agriculture | agriculture document |
null | The FBS is of particular interest to individuals and agencies that are involved in helping farmers to improve profitability | Sukulu ya malonda ya alimi imafunikira kwa anthu ndi mabubgwe omwe akuthandiza alimi kuti azipeza phindu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en962 | On average the FBS runs for a period of one year comprising three terms which are named preseason, in-season and post-season | Kwambiri sukulu ya malonda ya alimi imatha kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo imakhala ndi magawo atatu omwe ndi nyengo isanayambe, mkati mwa nyengo, pambuyo pa nyengo ya ulimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en963 | Steps in establishment and management of farm business school: Identification of frontline staff to be facilitators | Ndongosolo lotsegulira komanso kuyendetsera sukulu yamalonda ya alimi : Kupeza ogwira ntchito kuti akhale alangizi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en964 | Staff training in market oriented farm business planning and management. Staff training on establishment and management of Farm Business School. Community sensitisation. | Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito kukonza ndondomeko ndi kasamalidwe ka ulimi ngati malonda. Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito kukhazikitsa komanso kuyang'anira sukulu za malonda za alimi. Kudziwitsa anthu kumudzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en965 | Identification of lead farmers to participate in the school. Launching of farm business school. Facilitation and participation in FBS for a specified duration depending on type of chosen model enterprise under learning. Graduation of FBS lead farmers. | Kupeza alimi achitsanzo kuti adzitenga mbali ku sukulu. Kukhadzikitsa sukulu yamalonda ya alimi. Kuphunzitsa komanso kutenga mbali ku sukulu yamalonda ya alimi kwa nthawi yoyikika potengera mtundu wa ntchito zomwe anthu akuphunzira. Kumaliza maphunziro kwa alimi achitsanzo ku sukulu yamalonda ya alimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en966 | Lead farmers plan to train fellow farmers on market-oriented farm business planning and even establish Farm Business Schools in their areas | Alimi achitsanzo akonze ndondomeko zophunzitsa alimi anzawo pa kukonza ndondomeko za ulimi ngati malonda ndi kukhazikitsa sukulu zamalonda za ulimi mmadera awo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en967 | Malawi has been chronically affected by Malnutrition for decades identified as stunting (short for age) wasting and underweight | Kwanthawi yayitali Malawi wakhuzidwa ndi kunyentchera kwa zakazaka koma kumadziwika ndi kupinimbira msinkhu, kuwonda ndi kupepuka kwa matupi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en968 | Further, micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, iodine deficiency disorders (such as goiter, cretinism and cognitive development) and vitamin A deficiency disorders (night blindness, xerophthalmia) have been a problem too | Kuonjezera apa, kuchepa kwa michere, kuchepa magazi, mavuto a kuchepa kwa iodine monga kutupa pakhosi, kukula kwa mutu ndi kupelewera nzeru komanso mavuto akuchepa kwa vitamin A monga ng'ala zakhala zili vuto | agriculture | agriculture document |
en969 | Poor nutritional status and poor diets with the advent of the HIV pandemic further worsens the malnutrition situation | Kusadya zakudya zamagulu komanso zakudya zosakwanira kamba ka mlili wa HIV zaonjezera mavuto a kunyentchera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en970 | The Food and Nutrition programme provides advisory services on food and nutrition to ensure that farmers diversify production and diets to ensure good nutrition and health | Ntchito za zakudya komanso kadyedwe kopatsa thanzi zimapeleka upangiri pa zakudya komanso kadyedwe koyenera poonetsetsa kuti alimi akulima zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ali ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti akhale athanzi ndi umoyo wabwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en971 | Promoting production of a variety of high nutritive value foods, emphasizing on alternative staple foods; crops, livestock and fisheries | Kulimbikitsa kulima zakudya zopatsa thanzi zambiri, kutsindika pakasinthasintha wa zakudya zodalirika, mbeu, ziweto ndi nsomba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en972 | Promoting dietary diversification through encouraging consumption of diversified high nutritive value foods on a regular basis | Kupititsa patsogolo zakudya zopatsa thanzi pakulimbikitsa madyedwe a zakudya zakasinthasintha zopatsa kwambiri thanzi pafupipafupi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en973 | Improving dietary quality for vulnerable groups (the sick, the elderly, pregnant women, lactating mothers, children with special focus on under two years (with special 1000 days) for optimal growth and development and people living with HIVand AIDS) | Kukonza zakudya zabwino za anthu ovutika monga odwalika, okalamba, amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana makamaka omwe sanakwanitse zaka ziwiri makamaka pamasiku 1000 oyambilira kuti adzikula mwachangu komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ndi EDZI | agriculture | agriculture document |
en974 | Increasing the consumption of micronutrient rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, small stock, use of vitamin A fortified sugar and use of iodized salt, to reduce Vitamin A, Iron and Iodine deficiencies | Kuchulutsa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi michere yambiri monga zipatso, masamba, nyama zing'onozing'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wolimbitsidwa ndi vitamin A, mchere wa iodine, kuti muchepetse kupelewera kwa Vitamin A ndi iodine | agriculture | agriculture document |
en975 | Promote proper processing, preservation, storage and utilization of locally available and home grown foods. | Limbikitsani kukonza zakudya, kusamala kuti zikhalitse, kusunga, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe komanso zolima pakhomo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en976 | Intensify Nutrition Education. Some of the measures to achieve consumption of a variety of micronutrient rich foods at household level is by encouraging households practice Integrated Homestead Farming (IHF) | Wirikizani maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi. Zina mwa njira zokwaniritsa kadyedwe ka zakudya zokhala ndi michere yambiri pakhomo ndi kulimbikitsa mabanja kuchita ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en977 | IHF is the growing of diversified crops and rearing of small stock and or aquaculture around the home for improving food security and nutrition | Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo ndi kubzala mbeu ndi kuweta ziweto zing'onozing'ono komanso kuweta nsomba pakhomo kuti ziwonjezere kudzidalira pa chakudya ndi zakudya zathanzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en978 | IHF provides simple food-based approaches to resolving nutrient deficiencies through successful establishment and management of integrated farming at household, institutional and community settings | Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo umapeleka njira zosavuta yopezera zakudya kuti tithane ndi mavuto a kunyentchera pokhazikitsa ndi kusamala kalimidwe kakasakaniza pakhomo, mmagulu ndi mmudzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en979 | IHF can be practiced at structures such as model villages, schools and nutrition rehabilitation units (NRUs) | Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo ungachitike kudzera mmagawo monga midzi yachitsanzo, mmasukulu ndi mzipatala zobwezeretsa thanzi mthupi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en980 | Components of Integrated Homestead Farming (IHF) includes planning food and nutrition education programs for communities, food and nutrition, vegetable and fruits production, small stocks production and aquaculture | Mu ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo muli kakonzedwe kandondomeko za maphunziro a zakudya komanso kadyedwe kathanzi kumudzi, zakudya komanso thanzi, ulimi wa masamba ndi zipatso, ulimi wa ziweto zing'onozing'ono ndi nsomba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en981 | Food and Nutrition Education-This is desirable to provide the information needed by communities and families so that they understand their own food and nutrition issues and take appropriate preventative and corrective actions | Maphunziro a zakudya ndi kadyedwe kathanzi-Nkofunika kupeleka mauthenga amene anthu ndi mabanja mmidzi akuwafuna kuti amvetse mavuto awo pa zakudya ndi kadyedwe kanthanzi ndikuchitapo kanthu kupewa komanso kukonza mavutowa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en982 | Nutrition education should be used as a tool to increase household food security, improve the utilization of food in the home so that available food resources result in improved nutrition status | Maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi agwiritsidwe ngati chida powonjezera kudzidalira pachakudya pakhomo, kukweza kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazakudya pakhomo ndi cholinga chakuti zakudya zomwe ali nazo zibweretse kusintha kwa thanzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en983 | The following need to be taken into account in implementing nutrition education programmes: Extension staff (both females and males) should involve both men and women farmers in food and nutrition programmes, and that food and nutrition should be part and parcel of all agricultural programmes and projects | Zinthu izi zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochita maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi: Alangizi a akazi ndi amuna omwe agwire ntchito ndi alimi a akazi ndi amuna pogwira ntchito za zakudya ndi kadywedwe kathanzi, ndipo kuti zakudya ndi kadywedwe kathanzi zikhale gawo la ntchito zonse zaulimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en984 | Make sure that diseases are prevented at both household and community levels at all times. The target population should understand the importance of using safe water, sanitation, hygiene, health services, and regular monitoring of growth through under five and antenatal clinics to correct growth failure when it occurs and receive prompt treatment for common infections; and diseases | Onetsetsani kuti matenda akupewedwa pakhomo ndi mmudzi nthawi zonse. Anthu okhuzidwa amvetse kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito madzi aukhondo, atsatire njira zaukhondo, alandire thandizo lachipatala ndi kuunika kakulidwe ka ana omwe sanakwanitse zaka zisanu zakubadwa ndi zipatala za amayi oyembekezera kuti akakonze kusakula kwa ana pamene zatero ndi kulandira mwachangu thandizo pa matenda wamba ndi matenda ena | agriculture | agriculture document |
en985 | Extension staff should devise mechanisms to ensure that households grow improved varieties of crops to realize high yields and incomes | Alangizi apeze njira zoonetsetsa kuti mabanja akubzala mitundu ya mbeu zamakono kuti akolole zochuluka ndikupeza phindu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en986 | Grow drought resistant varieties to suit changes in climate, avoid overselling of produce after harvest in order to keep enough to last the family the whole year, households should grow a variety of cereals, root and tubers such as cassava, sweet potato, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, and rear small stock such as poultry and rabbits to ensure variety in the diet | Zbalani mbeu zopilila ku chilala kuti zigwirane ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, pewani kugulitsa koposa muyezo mukakolola kuti musunge zokwanira banja lanu chaka chonse, mabanja abzale mitundu ya mbeu zachimanga, mitsitsi kapena zobala munthaka monga chinangwa, mbatata, mbeu zamafuta, zipatso ndi masamba, ndi kusunga ziweto zing'onozing'ono monga nkhuku ndi akalulu kuti akhale ndi kasinthasintha wazakudya | agriculture | agriculture document |
en987 | Family food shortages may be due to: Lack of money for food; Low production of family food; Poor food storage and preservation; Poor food choices and budgeting; Poor food distribution and marketing outlets; Poor infrastructure | Kuchepa kwa chakudya pabanja kungadze kamba ka: kusowa kwa ndalama zogulira chakudya; kusakolola zokwanira; kuonongeka kwa chakudya munkhokwe; kuchepa kwa kagawidwe komanso misika yachakudya; zipangizo zosungira zoonongeka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en988 | Family food distribution and consumption practices can cause malnutrition in the following ways: Over and underfeeding of children | Kagawidwe kachakudya ndi kadyedwe pabanja kangazetse kunyentchera munjira izi: kudyetsa ana mopyola mulingo kapena mochepa kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en989 | Poor care for women (especially during pregnancy, child birth and breastfeeding), the sick, old people and those with long term illnesses; Poor food preparation and level of hygiene in the home; Inadequate use of health services | Chisamaliro chosakwanira cha amayi makamaka pamene ali woyembekezera, akubereka ndi kuyamwitsa, odwala, okalamba ndi onse omwe ali matenda amgonagona; kusakonza chakudya bwino komanso ukhondo wapakhomo; kusagwiritsa ntchito moyenera ntchito zachipatala | agriculture | agriculture document |
null | Poor living conditions that may include insufficient water, inadequate sanitation, overcrowded housing and poor health services can facilitate malnutrition | Malo okhala osalongosoka omwe alibe madzi okwanira, opelewera ukhondo, nyumba zothithikana ndi ntchito zachipatala zopelewera zingadzetse kunyentchera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en991 | The underlying causes of malnutrition may arise from the following basic causes: wide spread poverty; high food prices; inadequate nutrition, health education and other social services | Zoyambitsa zenizeni za kunyentchera zingabwere kuchokera kuzoyambits zotsatirazi: umphawi wadzaoneni, mitengo yokwera yazakudya, zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, maphunziro a zaumoyo ndi ntchito zina zosamala anthu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en992 | Low status and education for families especially women; environmental damage; inadequate mainstreaming of food and nutrition activities in projects and programmes | Umphawi komanso maphunziro ochepa kwa mabanja makamaka amayi; kuonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kupelewera kophatikiza ntchito za zakudya ndi kadyedwe kathanzi mu ntchito zachitukuko | agriculture | agriculture document |
en993 | Essential actions to prevent Malnutrition are: Train extension staff and households in recommended food processing, preservation, storage and utilization technologies | Ntchito zofunikira kupewa kunyentchera ndi: kuphunzitsa alangizi ndi mabanja njira zamakono za kapangidwe ka zakudya koyenera, kukonza zakudya kuti zikhale nthawi yayitali, kusunga zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en994 | Conduct staff and farmer training in food budgeting to ensure that households have adequate food resources to last to the next harvesting season | Chitani maphunziro a alangizi ndi alimi pakapangidwe ka ndondomeko yakagwiritsidwe ntchito kachakudya kuti mabanja akhale ndi chakudya chokwanira kufika nyengo yotsatira yokolola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en995 | Promote the consumption of diversified high nutritive value foods (including indigenous foods). Intensify nutrition education among the farming communities | Pititsani patsogolo kudya kasinthasintha wa zakudya zokhala ndi zofunikira zochuluka kuphatikizirapo zakudya zamakolo. Limbikitsani maphunziro a zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa alimi akumudzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en996 | Formulate integrated interventions e.g. Integrated Homestead Farming to improve household food and nutrition security especially for those affected with HIV and AIDS | Konzani ntchito zolowelerana monga malimidwe akasakaniza apakhomo kuti mulimbikitse kudzidalira pachakudya komanso kadyedwe kathanzi makamaka kwa okhuzidwa ndi kachilombo HIV ndi AIDS | agriculture | agriculture document |
en997 | Conduct multimedia campaigns on the prevention of micronutrient deficiencies. Intensify development and dissemination of food and nutrition information through multimedia channels. Promote good multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination among stakeholders | Chitani misonkhano kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana pakapewedwe kakuchepa kwa michere yofunikira mthupi. Limbikitsani kukonza komanso kufalitsa uthenga wa zakudya ndi kadyedwe koyenera kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira uthenga. Pititsani patsogolo kulumikizana koyenera mmagawo osiyanasiyana pakati pa adindo ndi onse okhuzidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en998 | Maize is grown throughout the country under rainfed, irrigated or residual moisture by smallholder, commercial and estate farmers | Chimanga chimalimidwa mmadera onse mdziko muno potsatira mvula, mthilira kapena chinyezi ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono, ochita zamalonda komanso alimi akuluakulu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en999 | It is the main staple food crop for the country as such farmers are encouraged to make informed decisions and use their expertise to improve productivity | Ndi chakudya chomwe dziko lino limadalira kwambiri kotero alimi akulimbikitsidwa kupanga ziganizo zoyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo kupititsa patsogolo zokolola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1000 | However, maize productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies, low soil fertility, erratic rainfall and pest and diseases among others | Komabe, zokolola zachimanga zidakali zotsika chifukwa chosatsatira njira zamakono zaulimi, kuchepa kwa chonde munthaka, mvula yanjomba komanso tizilombo towononga mbewu ndi matenda mwa zina | agriculture | agriculture document |