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en1001 | The aim is to attain and maintain self-sufficiency in maize requirements at household and national level | Cholinga chake ndikukwanitsa kukhala ndi chimanga chokwanira pakhomo komanso mdziko nthawi zonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1002 | The objective is to increase production per unit area. Farmers are encouraged to grow high yielding varieties, apply inorganic and organic fertilizers if the country is to sustain food self- sufficiency in the face of increasing population | Cholinga ndikuwonjezera zokolola pa malo olimidwa. Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kulima mitundu ya mbewu zobeleka kwambiri, kuthira fertilizer komanso manyowa ngati dziko likufuna kumakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse pamene chiwerengero cha anthu chikukulabe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1003 | At present, average yields range from 2,000 to 3,000 kg per hectare for hybrids, 1,400 to 2,400 kg per hectare for open pollinated varieties (OPVs) and 880 to 1,300 kg per hectare for unimproved maize cultivars | Pakadali pano, katikati wa zokolola amayambira pa 2,000kgs kufika 3,000kgs pa hectare ku chimanga chamakono, 1,400kgs kufika 2,400 pa hectare kuchimanga OPV ndi 880kgs kufika 1,300 pa hectare kuchimanga chamakolo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1004 | However, there is much scope for increasing yield under suitable agro-ecological zones with good agricultural practices | Komabe pali chidwi chachikulu chofuna kuchulukitsa zokolola kumadera kumene ndikoyenera kulima chimanga potsatira ndondomeko zoyenera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1005 | On average, yields of more than 10,000 kg per hectare for hybrids and 5,000 kg per hectare for OPVs can be attained with good management | Chikatikati, zokolola zoposa 10,000kgs pa hectare ku chimanga cha hybrid ndi 5,000kgs pa hectare ku OPV zikhoza kutheka ndi kasamalidwe koyenera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1006 | The low-altitude maize growing areas are less than 600m above sea level (masl). These areas are characterized by high summer temperatures of about 30oC or more, relatively flat and have a generally short rainy season of between 3 to 4months long | Madera otsika olima chimanga ali pa mtunda wosaposera 600m pamwamba pa nyanja. Madera amenewa amadziwika bwino ndi nyengo yotentha nthawi yamvula kufika 30oC kapena kuposa apo, athyathyathya ndipo amakhala ndi nyengo yamvula yayifupi yotalika pakati pa miyezi itatu ndi inayi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1007 | The average rainfall is between 700 to 800 mm per annum. These areas are also called marginal maize growing areas associated with erratic rains and frequent droughts | Chikatikati chamvula ndi 700mm kufika 800mm pa chaka. Madera amenewa amatchulidwanso madera olima chimanga osadalilika odziwika bwino ndi mvula yanjomba komanso chilala chapafupipafupi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1008 | These are main maize growing areas which comprise about 60% of the total cultivated area. Altitude ranges from 600m to 1,300m above sea level | Madera amenewa ndi odalilika kulima chimanga omwe akuyimira 60% ya malo onse olima chimanga. Kukwera kwa malowa kwayambira pa 600m kufika 1,300m pamwamba pa nyanja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1009 | These areas are characterized by moderate temperatures and a fairly long rainy season of between 4 to 5 months, with an average rainfall of about 875mm per annum | Madera amenewa akudziwika bwino ndi nyengo yomvelera komanso nyengo yamvula yotalikirapo pakati pa miyezi inayi ndi isanu, ndi katikati wa mvula kufika 875mm pa chaka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1010 | These are areas above 1,300m above sea level and are characterized by cool temperatures and overcast conditions. Maize takes long to mature because of low temperatures. | Madera amenewa ali pa mtunda wa 1,300m pambwamba pa nyanja ndipo amadziwika bwino ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yamitambo. Chimanga chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chikhwime chifukwa chakutsika kwa kutentha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1011 | Increased production per unit area will enable the farmer to adequately feed the family from a small piece of land | Kukolola zochuluka pa malo kudzathandiza alimi kudyetsa mokwanira mabanja awo kuchokera pa munda waung'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1012 | This will also enable the family to have surplus maize for sale and release some land for other crops | Izi zidzathandizanso mabanja kukhala ndi chimanga chochuluka kupitilira chomwe akufuna choti akhoza kugulitsa komanso kukhala ndi malo olima mbewu zina | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1013 | Commercial farmers are also encouraged to use approved recommended technologies to increase productivity | Alimi ochita malonda akulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakolo zolimira kuti azipeza zokolola zambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1014 | Early field preparation is essential to facilitate planting with the first planting rains capable of wetting the soil to a depth of 15 cm between October and December | Kukonza minda mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti kuthandizire kubzala ndi mvula yobzalira yoyambilira yomwe ili ndikuthekera konyowetsa dothi 15cm kulowa pansi pakati pa October ndi December | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1015 | Farmers in some areas dry plant maize one to two weeks before the onset of rains as a way of reducing labour requirements | Alimi mmadera ena amabzala mvula isanagwe patatsala sabata imodzi kapena awiri kuti mvula iyambe kugwa ngati njira imodzi yochepetsa ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1016 | This is a good practice and should be encouraged where possible. One to two weeks’ delay in planting may cause up to 25% yield loss. All maize varieties should be planted early | Uwu ndi mchitidwe wabwino ndipo ulimbikitsidwe komwe ndiwotheka. Kuchedwa kubzala ndi sabata imodzi kapena awiri kumachepetsa zokolola ndi 25%. Mitundu yonse yachimanga ibzalidwe moyambilira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1017 | Optimum plant population is achieved by proper ridge and plant spacing, and number of plants per station | Chiwerengero chokwanira cha mbewu chimatheka popanga mizere moyenera komanso kutalikirana kwa mbewu koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu paphando | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1018 | Maize ridges should be spaced 75cm apart; 75cm between maize stations within the ridge and 3plants per station or 75cm x 50cm x2 plants or 75cm x 25cm x 1plant per station to achieve a plant population of 53,333 plants | Mizere yachimanga italikirane 75cm; 75cm pakati pamaphando munzere umodzi ndipo mbewu zitatu pa phando kapena 75cmx50cm pobzala mbewu ziwiri kapena 75cmx25cm pobzala mbewu imodzi paphando pofuna kukwanitsa chiwerengero cha mbewu 53,333 pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1019 | Farmers who intercrop maize with legumes or any other crop should plant maize at 75 cm between ridges and 75 cm between planting stations and 3 plants per station | Alimi omwe amabzala chimanga mosakaniza ndi nyemba kapena mbewu zina abzale chimanga pa mizere yotalikirana 75cm komanso maphando otalikirana 75cm ndipo mbewu zitatu paphando | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1020 | Stations with less than 2 or 3 plants should be filled immediately after emergence to ensure correct population and an even stand | Phando lomwe liri ndi mbewu zosapitilira ziwiri kapena zitatu libzalidwe mwansanga pambuyo pakumera kuti chiwerengero cha mbewu chikhale cholondola komanso kuti mbewu zizikulira limodzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1021 | Farmers are encouraged to use manure especially with the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers. Manure improves soil structure as well as supplying nutrients to plants | Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa makamaka ndikuwera kwa mitengo ya fertilizer. Manyowa amawonjezera mthaka komanso kupeleka michere kumbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1022 | Manure should be applied not less than a month before planting maize and the commended rate is 12.5 tonnes per hectare | Manyowa athiridwe patatsala mwezi wopitilira umodzi chimanga chisanabzalidwe ndipo mulingo woyenelera ndi ma tonne 12.5 pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1023 | As a guide, this can be achieved by using a 20liter tin of manure applied every 8 meters (8steps) along the furrow | Ngati mlozo, izi zikhoza kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe chimodzi cha 20liters cha manyowa kuthira mtunda wa 8 meters mungalande | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1024 | Where manure is not adequate farmers should apply 2 handfuls per planting station and mix with soil before planting | Pomwe manyowa ndiwosakwanira, alimi athire manja awiri odzadza paphando lirilonse ndikusakaniza ndi dothi asanabzale | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1025 | Farmers should be encouraged to make compost manure from house hold decomposable refuse and crop residues | Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kupanga manyowa kuchokera ku zinyalala komanso zotsalira za mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1026 | To obtain high yields and maximum returns from the money invested in fertilizers, farmers are strongly advised to base fertilizer application on soil test results | Pofuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka komanso phindu lambiri kuchokera pa ndalama zomwe zalowa ku fertilizer, alimi akulangizidwa kwathunthu kuthira fertlizer potengera zotsatira za kuyeza dothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1027 | There are specific fertilizer recommendations given in this and subsequent Sections that should be followed and will help farmers reliably produce sufficient maize to meet their own needs and to contribute to the food security of the nation | Pali malangizo okhuza fertilizer achindunji omwe apelekedwa mugawo lino komanso magawo otsatira omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndipo adzathandiza alimi kukolola chimanga chokwanira modalirika kuti akwanitse kupeza zofuna zawo komanso athandize kuti dziko lino likhale ndi chakudya chokwanira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1028 | There are two recommendations in one area depending on whether the maize is produced for home use or for sale | Pali malangizo awiri mugawo limodzi potengera kuti chimanga chimalimidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo kapena chogulitsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1029 | Timely application of both basal and top dressing fertilizers is important for high yield. Apply fertilizers as follows | Kuthira fertilizer wokulitsa ndi wobereketsa munthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti zokolola zichuluke. Thirani fertlizer motere: | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1030 | Apply at planting or soon after seedling emergence. Twenty-one days after basal dressing, follow it up with 150 kg of Urea at the same depth and distance from the plant | Thirani pobzala kapena chikangomera. Pakadutsa masiku 21 pambuyo pothira wokulitsa, tsatira ndi kuthira 150kg ya Urea pamulingo wakuya womwewo komanso kutalikira kuchoka mbewu komweko | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1031 | Use cup 2, level on each side of the planting station. Apply at planting or soon after seedling emergence | Gwiritsani ntchito kapu nambala 2, dzadzani mpaka malire a kamwa yakapu mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo thirani mbali zonse ziwiri za chimanga. Kuthira mthawi yobzala kapena chikangomera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1032 | Follow it up with top dressing150 kg of Urea, 21 days after basal dressing, at the same depth and distance from the plant, using cup 2 full on each side of the plant | Tsatirani ndi wobereketsa mulingo wa 150kgs ya Urea, masiku 21 pambuyo pothira wokulitsa, kuya kofanana komanso kutalika chimodzimodzi kuchoka pa mbewu, pohwiritsa ntchito kapu nambala 2 yodzadza mbali zonse ziwiri za mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1033 | Note that cup number 5 is two and half times the volume of cup number 2 and that a Coca cola bottletop when heaped contains the same amount of fertilizer as cup number 5 level full | Dziwani kuti kapu nambala 5 mumalowa fertlizer wochuluka kawiri ndi theka kuposa fertilizer wolowa mu kapu nambala 2 ndipo chitsekero cha Cocacola chikadzadza chimakhala ndi mulingo wofanana ndi fertilizer wa mukapu nambala 5 ikadzadza kufika mmilomo mwake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1034 | An application of 2,000 kg/ha lime to maize grown on acidic soil is effective at increasing grain and dry matter yields | Kuthira 2,000kg pa hectare ya lime kuchimanga cholimidwa mudothi la acid kumathandiza kuchulikitsa chimanga ngakhale chikauma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1035 | Acid soils are mainly in areas characterized by high total rain fall (>900 mm per year) and low soil pH levels (<5.5) such as on vast areas on Mulanje, Dedza, Misuku and Viphya plateaus | Dothi la acid limapezeka makamaka kumadera omwe kumadziwika ndikugwa mvula yochuluka yoposa 900mm pachaka komanso dothi lokhala ndi pH yosaposera 5.5 monga mmadera aakulu ku Mulanje, Dedza, mapiri a Misuku ndi Viphya | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1036 | Agricultural lime needs to be applied on newly prepared ridges, which have been split in the middle | Lime wa ulimi akuyenera athiridwe pamizere yolimidwa kumene, yomwe yagawidwa pakati | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1037 | The lime is incorporated into the ridge and maize is planted at the recommended plant density and following all the recommended agronomic and crop husbandry practices | Lime amaphatikizidwa mmizere ndipo chimanga chimabzalidwa chochuluka movomerezeka ndipo potsatira ndondomeko zonse zamalimidwe ndi kasamalidwe kambewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1038 | Maize pests are categorized into weeds and insect pests. Notifiable pests should be reported to the nearest agricultural office as soon as they are noticed. Any pest out breaks should be controlled to prevent damage and spread to other areas | Tizilombo tachimanga timayikidwa mmagulu a tchire ndi zouluka. Tizilombo tooneka tinenedwe kwa ogwira ntchito zaulimi pamene zaonedwa. Thanani ndi kubuka kwa tizilombo tilitonse popewa kuonongedwa kwa mbeu ndi kufala kwa tizilomboto kumadera ena | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1039 | Maize suffers most from weed competition during the first six weeks after germination. The crop should be weed-free during this period | Chimanga chimavutika chikamapikisana ndi tchire masabata asanu ndi imodzi oyambilira chikamera. Mbewuyi ikhale malo opanda tchire panthawi imeneyi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1040 | The smaller the crop the less it is able to survive competition. At least two weedings are necessary for effective weed control. Herbicides can also be used for weed control | Chimanga ching'onoching'ono chimavutika kupilira kutchire. Palani tchire kosachepera kawiri kuti muthane ndi tchire. Mankhwala ophera tchire akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tchire | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1041 | There are pre and post-emergence herbicides. A pre-emergence herbicide is the one that may be applied before the targeted crop has emerged | Pali mankhwala ophera tchire othira mbewu zisanamere kapena zitamera. Mankhwala ophera tchire lisanamere amathiridwa mbewu isanamere | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1042 | Post-emergence herbicides are applied after the weeds and the crop emerge. This is because of the selective nature of the herbicides and it is important to avoid drift so that the herbicide does not fall onto an unintended crop | Mankhwala ophera tchire othire mbewu zitamera amathiridwa tchirelo komanso mbewu zitamera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mankhwalawo amasankha tchire loti aphe ndipo ndikofunika kupewa kuwuluka kwa mankhwala kuti asagwere pa mbewu zomwe sizofunika kuti zife | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1043 | For pre- emergence and post-emergence herbicides it is important to do the application when the soil is still wet | Kwa mankhwala ophera mbewu othira mbewu zisanamere kapena zitamera, nkofunika kuthira pamene dothi lidakali lonyowa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1044 | All herbicides have labels indicating application rates and type of weeds they control. It is important to check the labels as application rates can change even with the same product depending on concentration and soil type | Mankhwala onse ophera tchire ali ndi zizindikiro zoonetsa mulingo wakathiridwe komanso mtundu wa tchire lomwe angaphe. Ndikofunika kuona zizindikirozo chifukwa mulingo wothilira ukhoza kusintha ngakhale ali mankhwala omwewo potengera mphamvu yake komanso mtundu wa dothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1045 | Some of herbicides, in particular, an application of Dual Magnum, a pre- emergence herbicide, into the soil at the rate of 2.2litres/ha before planting maize is effective in suppressing witch weed. At this rate Dual Magnum controls weeds and suppresses the emergence of witch weed. | Mankhwala ena ophera tchire, makamaka kuthira Dual Magnum, mankhwala othira mbewu zisanamere, mu dothi pa mulingo wa 2.2L pa hectare mbewu zisanabzalidwe amagwira bwino ntchito kupha kaufiti. Pa mulingo umenewu, Dual Magnum amathana ndi tchire komanso amafooketsa kumera kwa kaufiti | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1046 | Witch weed (Striga asiatica) is becoming an increasingly serious problem in areas where maize is monocropped with poor management | Kaufiti, Striga asiatica, akuputilira kukhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri mmadera omwe chimanga chimabzalidwa chokha ndi kasamalidwe kosakwanira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1047 | Adequate manure and fertilizer application will help the crop with stand the effect of witch weed | Kuthira manyowa okwanira ndi fertilizer zidzathandiza mbewu kupilira ku mphamvu ya kaufiti | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1048 | Uprooting the weed before it flowers will help to reduce its population in succeeding seasons | Kuzula kaufiti asanachite maluwa kudzathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero chake munyengo zotsatira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1049 | Crop rotation with cash crops such as sun flower and cotton should be practiced where land permits | Kubzala mbewu mwakasinthasintha ndi mbewu zogulitsa monga mpendadzuwa ndi thonje zitsatidwe komwe mida ingalole | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1050 | Control of these weeds is by frequent weeding and use of systemic herbicides such as glyphosate which kill underground root system | Kuthana ndi tchire limeneli ndikudzera kupalira pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tchire monga glyphosphate omwe angaphe mitsitsi pansi pa mthaka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1051 | Fall armyworms are very destructive caterpillars of certain nocturnal moths which feed mostly on crops of the grass family such as maize, millet, sorghum, rice, and sugarcane | Kapuchi ndi mtundu wa mbozi zoononga kwambiri zomwe zimayenda usiku wokhawokha ndikumadya mbewu makamaka mbewu za udzu monga chimanga, mchewere, mapira, mpunga ndi nzimbe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1052 | They also feed on non-grass family crops such as soya beans, tobacco, groundnuts, cowpeas, potatoes, amaranthus, including pastures, among others. If not controlled, can cause up to 100% yield loss | Zimadyanso mbewu zomwe sizaudzu monga soya, nyemba, fodya, mtedza, nsawawa, mbatata, bonongwe kuphatikizapo udzu wa ziweto mwa zina. Ngati zisiyidwa, zimachepetsa zokolola ndi 100% | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1053 | Fall armyworm eggs are laid in masses or in layers covered with greyish scales and hatch within 2 -3 days | Mazira akapuchi amayikidwa mounjika kapena momwazika ataphimbidwa ndi mamba a phulusa ndipo amaswa pa masiku awiri kufika atatu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1054 | The larvae closely resemble that of the African armyworm. At early stages larvae are pale green with black heads and changes to orange brown at later stages | Mphutsi zake zimafanana kwambiri ndi za ntchembere zandonda. Kumayambiliro, mphutsi zimakhala zobiliwira pang'ono ndi mitu yakuda ndipo zimasintha kupita mtundu wa orange brown pakusintha kotsatira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1055 | Fully grown larvae are about 4 cm long and are pale green or almost black with a reddish-brown head. They are very active early in the morning and late in the afternoon | Mphutsi zazikulu zimatalika 4cm ndipo zimaoneka mobiliwira pang'ono kapena zakuda ndi mitu yofiilirako. Zimakhala zochangamuka kummawa kwambiri ndi madzulo kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1056 | The FAW normally pupates in the soil at the depth 2 to 8 cm. The larva constructs a loose cocoon by tying together particles of soil with silk | Kapuchi amakula mdothi pamtunda wa 2 kufika 8cm. Mphutsi zimamanga chikuto pomangilira dothi ndi ulusi wawo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1057 | The cocoon is oval in shape and 20 to 30 mm in length. If the soil is too hard, larvae may web together leaf debris and other material to form a cocoon on the soil surface | chikuto chimakhala chozungulira mosongoka ndipo yayitali 20 kufika 30mm. Ngati dothi ndilolimba, mphutsi zimaluka zinyalala zamasamba ndi zina kuti zipange chikuto pamwamba padothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1058 | The pupa is reddish brown in colour measuring 14 to 18 mm in length and about 8 to 9 days during the summer, but reaches 20 to 30 days during cooler weather | Gawo la mphutsi/pupa imaoneka yofiira yotalika 14 kufika 18mm ndipo imakhala masiku 8 kufika 9 nyengo yotentha koma imafika masiku 20 kufika 30 nyengo yozizira kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1059 | The moths which lay eggs are similar in shape and size to other moths in the Lepidoptera family, grayish in colour and about 4cm long | Agulugufe omwe amayikira mazira amafanana maonekedwe ndi kukula ndi agulugufe ena a banja la Lepidoptera, ooneka mwaphulusa komanso otalika 4cm | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1060 | The front wings of the male are grayish in color with white markings near the wing tips. The front wings of the female are similar but the markings are less distinct | Mapiko akutsogolo kwa agulugufe amphongo amaoneka ndi aphulusa okhala ndi malotcho oyera pafupi ndikunsonga kwake. Mapiko akutsogolo kwa agulugufe athanzi ndiofanana koma malotcho ake ndi osawala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1061 | Fall armyworm is controlled by use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies including cultural, physical, biological, botanical (natural plant products) and chemical control methods simultaneously | Kapuchi amathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko za Integrated Pest Management kuphatikizapo njira za kasamalidwe, zinthu zomwe sizamoyo, zamoyo, zopangidwa kuchikera kuzomera zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala pamodzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1062 | African Armyworm is a serious notifiable pest of cereals which is very destructive particularly to maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, millets and pastures. African Armyworm is an endemic pest and the attack may be sudden | Ntchemberezandonda waku Africa ndi tizilombo todziwika ta mbewu za udzu yemwe amaononga kwambiri makamaka chimanga, mpunga, tirigu, mapira, mchewere ndi udzu wa ziweto. Ntchemberezandonda ndi vuto lokhazikika ndipo zimatha kuwononga mwadzidzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1063 | Quite often out breaks occur right after the first rains. Early detection and reporting of the pest is important for effective control to minimize damage | Nthawi zambiri zimabwera pambuyo pa mvula yoyamba. Kuzindikira mwachangu komanso kupeleka lipoti la mbozizi ndikofunika pothana ndi kuononga kwa mbozizi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1064 | The caterpillars occur in large numbers, march in one direction, aggressively feeding on all grass in their way. They may also occur as scattered populations which may lead to larger outbreaks later | Gawo lotsatira lamphutsili limabwera mochuluka, kuyenda kulowera mbali imodzi, zikudya kwambiri udzu uliwonse omwe zingapeze. Zimabweranso ngati magulu omwazana omwe amaswana ndikufalikira madera ochuluka kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1065 | They prefer young tender plants which they chew to the ground while old ones are left as bare stalks with mid ribs only | Zimakonda zomera zazing'ono zanthete zomwe zimatafuna mpaka mdothi pamene zokhwima zimasiyidwa tsinde lokha ndi zogwilira zamasamba basi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1066 | Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) is a notifiable pest and is potentially the most destructive in Malawi because of the extensive damage it can cause within a short period of time | Dzombe, Nomadacris septemfasciata, ndi tizilombo towononga ndipo zimaononga kwambiri kuposa zonse ku Malawi chifukwa zimaononga kwambiri dera lalikulu panthawi yochepa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1067 | The leaves are eaten from the margin in wards. The breeding areas are known and frequent surveys are made in the breeding areas in Lake Chilwa/ Chiuta plains, Elephant, Ndindi and Vwaza Marshes, Mpatsanjoka dambo and Kuserikumvenji Estate to monitor any unusual population build-up | Masamba amadyedwa kuchokera mphepete kulowa mkati. Malo omwe zimaswera amadziwika ndipo kafukufuku wapafupipafupi amachitika mmalo omwe zimaswera kumadera a nyanja ya Chilwa/Chiuta, madambo a Elephant, Ndindi, Vwaza, Mpatsanjoka komanso munda waukulu wa Kuserikumvenji pofuna kuona kuchulukana kodabwitsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1068 | The eggs are laid in the wet season (November to April) and hatch after 30 days. Since there are also breeding areas in neighbouring countries, everyone is advised to report immediately to the nearest agricultural or government office any swarms spotted | Zimayikira mazira munyengo yamvula, November kufika April, ndipo amaswa pakutha pamasiku makumi atatu. Popeza palinso malo oswera mmayiko ozungulira, aliyense akulangizidwa kupeleka uthenga pompopompo ku nthambi ya zaulimi kapena kuboma akaona nantindi wadzombe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1069 | Control of the pest is coordinated by the International Red Locust Control Organization for Central and Southern Africa (IRLCO-CSA) in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture | Kuthana ndi dzombe kumatsogoleredwa ndi International Red Locust Organization for Central and Southern Africa (IRLCO-CSA) mothandizana ndi unduna wazamalimidwe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1070 | Spraying chemicals such as Fenitrothion, Green muscle and Carbaryl can be used to control the locust hoppers | Mankhwala opopera monga Fenitrithonin, green muscle ndi Carbaryl akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi dzombe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1071 | Cultural control practices include harvesting as soon as the maize is dry; separating damaged cobs from good ones; maintaining and thoroughly cleaning storage stores and burning crop residues | Njira zakasamalidwe zothanirana ndi dzombe ndi monga kukolola mwansanga chimanga chikangouma; kulekanitsa chimanga choonengeka ndi chosawonongeka komanso kutsuka mokwanira nkhokwe ndikuotcha zotsalira za mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1072 | Drying produce thoroughly before storing. Boiling sacks in water and thoroughly drying them before putting in produce. Dehusking and shelling the maize | Kuumitsa zokolola mokwanira zisanasungidwe. Kuwiritsa matumba mmadzi ndi kuyanika mokwanira musanayikidwe zokolola. Kusenda komanso kusola chimanga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1073 | Maize may be damaged in storage by different types of weevils and moths. Hard grains of OPV, unimproved and flint grained hybrid varieties suffer less weevil damage | Chimanga chikhoza kuwonongeka munkhokwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anankafumbwe ndi aphepheru. Chimanga cholimba cha OPV, chimanga chamakolo ndi mitundu yamakono ya chimanga cholimba imawonongedwa mochepa ndi anankafumbwe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1074 | Storage pests can be controlled by applying recommended pesticides such as Actellic Super Dust, Super Grain Dust, Super Guard Dust, Wivokil and Shumba Super at the rate of one sachet (25g) to 50kg of shelled grain. For unshelled maize apply 50g. The pesticide can be obtained from recommended pesticide suppliers | Tizolombo towononga munkhokwe tikathetsedwe popoera mankhala ovomerezeka ophera tizilombo monga Actellic Super Dust, Super Grain Dust, Super Guard Dust, Wivokil ndi Shumba Super pamulingo wa paketi imodzi yolemera 25g kuthumba lolemera 50kgs la chimanga chosolasola. Thirani mankhwala olemera 50g ku chimanga chosasola cholemera 50kgs. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo angapezedwe kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ovomerezeka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1075 | Maize should be stored in dry ventilated structures. This controls most pests and diseases especially those that cause rotting | Chimanga chisungidwe munkhokwe zouma komanso zopita mpweya. Izi zimachepetsa tizilombo ndi matenda makamaka omwe amayambitsa kuola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1076 | Farmers are encouraged to use improved storage structures such as concrete and metallic silos. Cribs (Nkhokwes) should be made rat proof by the use of rat-guards and they should be properly thatched to prevent leaking | Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zamakono monga nkhokwe zomanga komanso zachitsulo. Nkhokwe zikhale zosafikirika ndi makoswe pogwiritsa ntchito matchera amakoswe ndipo zikhale zofolela bwino popewa kudontha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1077 | If bags are used for storage, ensure that they are clean. Farmers should dry grains thoroughly and maize should be kept in a dry place for storage | Ngati matumba agwiritsidwa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti ndioyera. Alimi awumitse chimanga mokwanira ndipo chimanga chisungidwe pamalo ouma podikira kusunga munkhokwe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1078 | Rice is one of the cereals grown along the Lakeshore, Phalombe plain, the Shire Valley and areas around Lake Chilwa either in irrigated rice schemes or in rain fed low land areas | Mounga ndi imodzi mwa mbewu za udzu zolimidwa mphepete mwa nyanja, mzigwa za Phalombe, Shire komanso madera ozungulira nyanja ya Chilwa potsatira kulima ku minda ya mthilira kapena mvula kumadera otsika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1079 | The crop is either grown in irrigation schemes, low land or rainfed. The schemes are underutilized due to various reasons such as low patronage and labour constraints. However, it is an important cash earner where it is grown and forms part of the staple food in the urban centers | Mbewuyi imalimidwa ku mimda ya mthilira, malo otsika kapena ndi mvula. Minda yamthilira imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga kuchepa kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchepa kw aogwira ntchito. Komabe ndi mbewu yobweretsa chuma kumadera omwe imalimidwa ndipo ndi mbali imodzi ya chakudya chodalirika mmadera a mmizinda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1080 | The national aim is to increase paddy yields in irrigated rice schemes and also increase both area and yield of rain fed rice to meet both the domestic and export demand | Cholinga cha dziko ndichulukitsa zokolola za mpunga mminda yamthilira komanso kuchulukitsa malo olima ndi zokolola zamvula kuti tikhale zokwanira mdziko muno komanso kugulitsa mayiko akunja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1081 | The present low yields of 1,000 to 1,500 kg per hectare rice cultivars under rain fed conditions should be increased to 3,500 to 4,000 kg per hectare | Zokolola zapano za 1000kgs kufika 1,500 kgs pa hectare za mpunga wolimidwa ndi mvula zichulukitsidwe mpaka 3,500kgs kufika 4,000kgs pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1082 | The present cultivated rain fed area of 30,000 hectares should be increased to the potentially available area of 70,000 hectares. These improvements should result into a significant increase in rice production | Kukula kwa malo olimidwa mpunga podalira mvula kukwezedwe kuchoka pa ma hectare 30,000 kufika ma hectare 70,000. Kusinthaku kukuyenera kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mpunga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1083 | Mpeta (IR10L121) is a recently released Indica type of rice for irrigated lowland cultivation. It matures in 110 days and yields 7.0 ton | Mpeta (IR10L121) ndi mpunga wa mtundu wa Indica womwe wabwera posachedwa womwe umalimidwa ndi mthilira mmadera otsika. Umacha pakutha pa masiku 110 ndipo zikolola zimafika matani 7 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1084 | It has a good seed shape, aroma, taste and cooking time. It is tolerant to rice blast and highly resistant to Gray Beetles | Njere zake ndizoumbidwa mokongola, wonunkhira bwino wokoma komanso wopsa msanga. Umapilira ku chiwawu champunga ndipo umapilira kwambiri ku Gray Beetles | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1085 | Nunkile (Pusa33) is recommended for low land irrigated cultivation. Two crops can be grown in a year because it takes 112 days to mature in the wet season and 140 days in the dry season | Nunkile/Pusa33 ndiwoyenera kulimidwa kumadera otsika kudzera mthilira. Ukhoza kulimidwa kawiri pachaka chifukwa umacha pamasiku 112 munyengo yamvula/chilimwe komanso masiku 140 munyengo ya dzinja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1086 | Nunkile matures two weeks earlier than other irrigated varieties and therefore bird scaring should start early to avoid yield loss. The variety is also attractive to field mice because of its strong scent | Nunkile amacha msanga ndi sabata ziwiri kuposa mitundu ina yamthilira choncho kuthamangitsa mbewu kuyambe mwansanga popewa kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mtunduwu umakondedwa ndi mbewa chifukwa cha kununkhira kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1087 | Kayanjamalo variety is recommended for lowland rainfed and irrigated conditions, and matures in 105 days. It has yield potential of 6.5 t/ha and is resistant to major rice diseases and pests. Mpatsa variety is recommended for lowland rainfed and irrigated conditions, and matures in 100 days. It has yield potential of 5.8 t/ha and is resistant to major rice diseases and pests | Mtundu wa Kayanjamalo ndiwoyenera kulima ndi mvula kapena mthilira kumalo otsiska, ndipo umacha pa masiku 106. Zokolola zake zimafuka matani 6.5 pa hectare ndipo umapilira ku matenda ndi zilombo zikuluakulu za mpunga. Mtundu wa Mpatsa ndiwoyenera kulima ndi mvula komanso mthilira kumalo otsika ndipo umacha pamasiku 100. Zokolola zimafika matani 5.8 pa hectare ndipo umapilira ku matenda akuluakulu a mpungan ndi tizilombo towononga mpunga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1088 | Mtupatupa (TC G10) is recommended for low land irrigated cultivation. It matures in130 days in the wet season while in the dry season it takes 155days. It can be double cropped only when sown early enough. The name refers to the variety’s grain that expands when cooked. It is moderately scented | Mtupatupa (TCG10) ndiwoyenera kulimidwa mwamthilira kumadera otsika. Umacha pamasiku 130 munyengo ya chilimwe/yamvula ndipo umatenga masiku 155 kuti uche dzinja. Ukhoza kulimidwa kawiri pachaka pokhapokha ngati wabzalidwa mwansanga. Dzina lake limathanthauza kuti maso ampungawu amafufuma akaphikidwa. Umanunkhira pang'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1089 | Vyawo (ITA 302) is recommended for low land cultivation under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Vyawo is tolerant to blast. The variety takes 130 days to mature in the wet season and 150 days in dry season | Vyawo (ITA 302) ndiwoyenera kulimidwa nyengo yamvula kapena mthilira. Vyawo amapilira ku chiwawu. Mtunduwu umatenga masiku 130 kuti uche munyengo yamvula ndipo masiku 150 mu dzinja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1090 | Senga (IET 4094) is a recommended variety for irrigated low land cultivation. It matures in 116 days in the wet season and 143 days in the dry season. | Senga (IET4094) ndi mtundu woneyera mthilira kumadera otsika. Umacha pa masiku 116 munyengo yamvula ndi masiku 143 mu dzinja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1091 | Changu (IRI 1561-250-2-2) is a recommended variety for irrigated schemes. It has a short to medium maturity period of 119 days during the wet season and 145 days during the dry season | Changu (IRI 1561-250-2-2) ndi mtundu woyenera kulimidwa kuminda yamthilira. Umacha munthawi yayifupi kufika yotalikirapo pang'ono ya masiku 119 nthawi ya mvula ndipo masiku 145 mu nyengo ya dzinja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1092 | Nerica 3 is a dwarf non-aromatic variety (<92cm) with grains measuring 7.2mm and 2.2mm in length and width, respectively; and has a milling yield of 75%. It also has a good cooking quality. It is a photoperiod insensitive variety with days to maturity of 95 to 120 | Nerica 3 ndi mtundu wa wosanunkhira waufupi wa maso a mpunga otalika 7.2mm ndi 2.2mm mulifupi; ukakonoledwa umatuluka 75%. Umaoneka bwino ukaphikidwa. Ndi mtundu wosayendera dzuwa kuti ukule ndipo umatenga masiku 95 kufika 120 kuti ukhwime | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1093 | It has potential yields of 4,500kg/ ha. This variety is suited to upland conditions such as Mchinji, Mbawa (Mzimba) and Meru(Chitipa) | Uli ndi kuthekera kobeleka kufika makilogalamu 4,500 pa hectare. Mtundu umenewu ndiwoyenera kumadera okwera monga Mchinji, Mbawa ku Mzimba ndi Meru ku Chitipa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1094 | Nerica 4 is a dwarf non-aromatic variety (<92cm) with grains measuring 7.2mm and 2.5mm in length and width respectively; and has a milling yield of 74%. It has a good cooking quality. It is a photoperiod insensitive variety with days to maturity of 100 to 120 | Nerica 3 ndi mtundu wa wosanunkhira waufupi wa maso a mpunga otalika 7.2mm ndi 2.2mm mulifupi; ukakonoledwa umatuluka 75%. Umaoneka bwino ukaphikidwa. Ndi mtundu wosamva dzuwa ndipo umatenga masiku 95 kufika 120 kuti ukhwime | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1095 | It has potential yields of 5,000 kg ha. Th is variety is suited to upland conditions such as in Mchinji, Mbawa (Mzimba) and Meru (Chitipa). Unlike Nerica 3, Nerica 4 can tolerate late season drought better than Nerica 3 | Uli ndi kuthekera kobeleka kufika makilogalamu 5,000 pa hectare. Mtundu umenewu ndiwoyenera kumadera okwera monga Mchinji, Mbawa ku Mzimba ndi Meru ku Chitipa. Mosafanana ndi Nerica 3, Nerica 4 amapilira bwino ku chilala chakumapeto kuposa Nerica 3 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1096 | Wambone (FRX 92-14) is a recommended variety for rain fed lowland areas. It takes 128 days from seedling emergence to maturity. Its yield potential is 4600 kg per hectare and is scented | Wambone, FRX 92-14, ndi mtundu woneyera nyengo yamvula kumadera otsika. Umatenga masiku 128 kuti ukhwime kuchokera pomwe wamera. Zokolola zikhoza kufika makilogalamu 4,500 pa hectare ndipo ndiwonunkhira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1097 | Faya14-M-49 is a recommended variety for low land rain fed cultivation. It matures in 150 to 155 days and its photo period sensitivity makes it unsuitable for a planting in the dry season | Faya 14-M-49 ndi mtundu woyenera kulimidwa kumadera otsika. Umacha pa masiku 150 kufika 155 ndipo ndiwosayenera kulima nthawi ya dzinja chifukwa umadana ndi dzuwa lambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1098 | The variety is preferred by consumers because it is scented. Mice attack the crop because of its strong scent | Mtundu umenewu umakondedwa ndi anthu chifukwa ndiwonunkhira kwambiri. Mbewa zimadya mbewuyi chifukwa chakununkhira kwake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1099 | Katete variety is recommended for lowland rainfed and irrigated conditions. The variety matures in 94 days. It has yield potential of 6 t/ha and is resistant to major rice diseases and pests | Mtundu wa Katete ndiwoneyera kulimidwa ndi mvula komanso mthilira kumadera otsika. Mtunduwu umacha pa masiku 94. Umabeleka kwambiri kufika matani 6 pa hectare ndipo umapilira kumatenda akuluakulu a mpunga komanso tizilombo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1100 | Lifuwu (FRX 78-12) is a recommended variety for rain fed low land areas. It takes 142 days from seedling emergence to maturity. Its yield potential is 3800 kg per hectare and is scented | Lifuwu, FRX 78-12, ndi mtundu woyenera nyengo ya mvula kumadera otsika. Umatenga masiku 142 kuchokera pomwe wamera kufika kukhwima. Uli ndi kuthekera kotulutsa makilogalamu 3800 pa hectare ndipo ndiwonunkhira. | agriculture | agriculture document |