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en1201 | Where landholdings are small, grain legumes should be inter-planted with maize, cassava, sorghum and other crops. Groundnuts, phaseolus beans, soyabeans, pigeonpeas, cowpeas, groundbeans, chickpeas, fieldpeas, guarbeans, grams, velvet beans and dolicus beans are Grain legumes commonly grown in Malawi | Komwe malo olima ndi ochepa, nyemba zilimidwe pamodzi ndi chimanga, chinangwa, mapira ndi mbewu zina. Mtedza, nanyati, soya, nandolo, khobwe, mzama, tchana, nseula, nsawawa, mphoza, klingonda ndi nkhungudzu ndi mitundu ya nyemba yomwe imalimidwa kwambiri ku Malawi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1202 | Beans are a good source of protein and income. The green leaves are valuable vegetables. The crop is grown throughout the country mostly in cool plateau areas | Nyemba zimapatsa zakudya zomanga thupi komanso chuma. Masamba ake obiliwira ndi ndiwo zamasamba zofunikira. Mbewuyi imalimidwa mdziko lonse koma kwambiri kumadera amapiri kozizira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1203 | Beans can also be grown in low altitude areas during winter months of April to July under residual moisture | Nyemba zikhoza kulimidwanso kumalo otsika nthawi ya dzinja kuyambira mwezi wa April kufika July pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1204 | The bean yields for both pure stand and interplanted are around 300kg to 800kg per hectare. However, the potential yields are 2000kg/ ha for large seeded varieties and 2,500kg per hectare for small seeded varieties | Nyemba zolimidwa zokhazokha kapena zosakaniza ndi mbewu zina zimabeleka 300kgs kufika 800kgs pa hectare. Komabe pali kuthekera kofika 2,000kgs pa hectare polima mitundu ya nyemba zazikulu ndipo 2,500kgs pa hectare pa mitundu ya nyemba zazing'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1205 | The objective therefore is to increase production by improving yields while ensuring that varieties of desirable cooking characteristics and highly market demanded varieties are promoted | Choncho cholinga ndikukweza ulimi popititsa patsogolo zokolola pamene tikuonetsetsa kuti mitundu yabwino yosavuta kuphika komanso yosavuta malonda ikumbikitsidwa. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1206 | Where it is not possible for farmers to plant beans in pure stands, they should be interplanted with other crops such as maize or grown as a relay crop thereby maximizing production from the same piece of land | Komwe ndikosatheka kuti alimi abzale nyemba pazokha, ayenera kubzala mosakaniza ndi mbewu zina monga chimanga, kapena kulimidwa pambuyo pokolola motero kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira malo amodzi olima | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1207 | In irrigation schemes farmers should be advised to plant as soon as the summer crop has been harvested | Mminda yamthilira alimi akulangizidwa kubzala mwachangu akangochotsa mbewu za chilimwe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1208 | The dimba crop should be planted when the climate is favourable. In the Lake Shore, the crop can be planted in May to June while in upland, planting should be done in July to August when temperatures have warmed up | Mbewu zakudimba zibzalidwe pamene nyengo ikulola. Mmadera a mphepete mwa nyanja, mbewuyi ikhoza kubzalidwa kuyambira mu May mpaka June pemene madera okwera, ibzalidwe pakati pa July ndi August nyengo ikafunda pang'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1209 | For the interplanted crop, planting should be done soon after planting the main crop or as soon as the main crop has emerged | Kwa mbewu zosakanizidwa ndi zina, kubzala kuchitike pambuyo pobzala mbewu yayikuluyo kapena pamene mbewu yayikuluyo yangomera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1210 | For the pure stands, planting should be done at onset of the first planting rains. In relay cropping, planting should be when the main crop has reached physiological maturity | Mminda ya nyemba zokhazokha, kubzala kuchitike ndi mvula yobzalira yoyamba. Pomwe ikubzalidwa pambuyo pokolola mbewu ina, kubzala kuchitike pomwe mbewu yayikuluyo yakhwima | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1211 | In irrigation schemes farmers should be advised to plant as soon as the summer crop has been harvested. The dimba crop should be planted when the weather is favourable | Mminda yamthilira, alimi alangizidwe kubzala nthawi yomweyo pamene mbewu zachilimwe zakololedwa. Mbewu yakudimba ibzalidwe nyengo ikakhala bwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1212 | Dwarf beans should be planted in 2 rows spaced at 30cm on the ridge. Plant 1 seed per station 10 cm apart along each row | Nyemba zazifupi zibzalidwe mmizere iwiri motalikirana 30cm pa mzere. Bzalani mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 10cm pamzere uliwonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1213 | The ridges should be 75cm or 90cm apart. This requires a seed rate of 80 to 70 per hectare respectively | Mizere ikhale yotalikirana 75cm kapena 90cm. Izi zifunika mbewu yokwana 80kgs kufika 70kgs pa hectare motero | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1214 | Climbing beans should be planted on 1 row, 1seed per planting station spaced at 15cm. This requires a seed rate of 75 to 90kg per hectare | Nyemba zoyanga zibzalidwe pamzere umodzi, mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 15cm. Izi zifunika mbewu yokwana 75kg kufika 90kg pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1215 | To maximize podding and assist plants escape disease infestation climbing beans should be properly staked | Kuti zitheba zibeleke mokwanira ndikuthandiza mbewu kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda nyemba zoyanga ziyimitsidwe ndi mitengo. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1216 | Where maize is planted at 3 seeds per planting station, plant 4 bean seeds between maize planting stations. For dwarf varieties the interplanted crop requires the same spacing as in pure stands. Seed rate for both types is the same, 50 to 60kg/ha | Pomwe chimanga chabzalidwa chitatu paphando, bzalani nyemba zinayi pakati pamapando a chimanga. Kwa mitundu yayifupi, mbewu yobzalidwa mwakasanika imasowa mipata yotalika mofanana ngati yobzalidwa payokha. Mulingo wa mbewu pa mitundu iwiriyi ndiwofanana, 50kg kufika 60kg pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1217 | When planting beans under irrigation follow recommendations under pure stand and interplanted crop as described under rainfed conditions | Pobzala nyemba za mthilira, tsatirani malangizo oyenera kubzala pazokha ndi kusakaniza ndi mbewu zina monga mmene afotokozera paulimi wanyengo yamvula | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1218 | The crop should be kept free of weeds during the first 6 to 8 weeks after planting. Weeding after flowering, should not be practiced to avoid flower shedding. However, hand weeding where weeds are observed can be done as long as care is taken | Mbewu ikhale yopanda tchire mmasabata asanu ndi imodzi kufika masabata asanu ndi atatu oyambilira pambuyo pobzala. Kupalira pambuyo pochita maluwa kusachitike popewa kugwa kwa maluwa. Komabe, kupalira ndi manja pamene tchire laoneka kuchitike ngati mungachite mosamala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1219 | Use disease tolerant varieties. The new improved varieties such as Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Nagaga, Kambidzi and Mkhalira are moderately tolerant to major bean diseases in Malawi | Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yopilira kumatenda. Mbewu zamakono monga Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Nagaga, Kambidzi ndi Mkhalira zimapilira kumatenda akuluakulu a nyemba ku Malawi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1220 | Angular leaf spot (Phaeiosariopsis griseola) is the most important disease in beans as it occurs annually in all bean growing areas | Angular leaf spot (Phaeiosariopsis griseola) ndi mthenda yofunikira kwambiri ya nyemba ndipo imabwera chaka ndi chaka mmadera onse olima nyemba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1221 | Yield losses can go up to 80%. Symptoms occur on all aerial plant parts, developing usually at flowering. The symptoms are initially grey spots which later become dark brown. | Kuchepa kwa zokolola kumafika 80%. Zizindikiro zimaoneka mzigawo zonse zakumtunda kwa nyemba, zimakula pamene zikuchita maluwa. Poyambilira zizindikiro zimakhala madontho aphulusa omwe pambuyo pake amasanduka oderapo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1222 | Control is by spraying Daconil at the same rate as for Anthracnose. Spray at 2 weekly intervals. Seed, wind, rain and soil are the principal means of spread | Kuthana nazo ndikupopera Daconil pamulingo wofanana ndi Anthracnose. Poperani sabata ziwiri zilizonse. Mbewe, mphepo, mvula ndi dothi ndi zimene zimafalitsa kwambiri matendawa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1223 | Therefore, use of clean seed, burial of infected debris and rotation can decrease diseases severity | Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yopanda matenda, kukwilira zinyalala zogwidwa ndi matenda komanso kulima mwakasinthasintha zikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1224 | Web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) disease is sporadic and when it attacks will affect the plant severely. Damage may be of up to 100% | Web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) ndi matenda simaoneka pafupipafupi ndipo ikagwira nyemba imawononga zomera kwambiri. Imaononga mpaka 100% | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1225 | Small necrotic spots first appear on primary leaves which later merge to affect the whole leaf, forming a web over the plant and leading to defoliation. Therefore, cultural practices such as mulching can be highly effective in suppressing the disease | Poyamba, madontho ang'onoang'ono ouma amaoneka pamasamba akungonga omwe amagwirana ndikufalikira tsamba lonse, kupanga kangaude pambewuyo, kenako kuchititsa kuti masamba agwe. Choncho, kasamalidwe koyenera monga kuphimbira mbewu kukhoza kuthandiza kufooketsa matendawa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1226 | Halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae) The disease is caused by bacteria. It is a common disease in beans and can cause losses of up to 46% | Halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae) - Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ta bacteria. Ndi mthenda yopezeka nthawi zonse ndipo imachepetsa zokolola kufika 46% | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1227 | It is characterized by small water soaked lesions which appear on the leaves and quickly develop greenish yellow halos. Plants may sometimes produce white exudates. | Imadziwika ndi zotupa zazing'ono zokhala ndi madzi zomwe zimaoneka pamasamba ndipo zimasintha mwachangu kukhala zobiliwira mwachikasu. Nthawi zina zomera zimatulutsa utomoni woyera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1228 | Control by use of tolerant varieties such as Nagaga, Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Kambidzi and Mkhalira and or by spraying copper oxychloride and as well as copper based fungicide | Kuthana nazo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambewu yopilira kumatenda monga Nagaga, Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Kambidzi ndi Mkhalira kapenanso kupopera copper oxychloride ndi mankhwala achiwawu okhala ndi copper | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1229 | Bean Beetle (Ootheca Mutabilis and O. benning) is an insect which feeds on leaves of young plants making interveinal holes and damage is severe on plants in the primary leaf stage and may extend to upper leaves | Nsabwe zanyemba (Ootheca Mutabilis and O. benning) ndi tizilombo towononga nyemba tomwe timadya masamba a mbewu zazing'ono ndi kuboola misempha, ndipo kuononga kwake kumakhala kodetsa nkhawa pambewu zomwe zikupanga masamba kumene ndipo zimafalikira kumasamba ammwamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1230 | Delayed planting where practicable may allow the crop to escape the damage from high colonizing populations at the beginning of the rains | Pomwe nzotheka, kubzala mochedwa kumapeleka mpata ku mbewu kuti isakumane ndi kuonongedwa chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa tizilombo komwe kumakhalapo kumayambiliro kwa mvula | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1231 | With severe infestations, production of honey dew and later sooty mould is easily noticeable. The plants lose their greenness and therefore look black | Zikagwidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo, kupangidwa kwa maletsa ndipo pambuyo pake sooty mould zimaoneka mosavuta. Mbewu zimataya kubiliwira kwake ndipo choncho zimaoneka zakuda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1232 | Under these conditions they will eventually not be able to effectively photosynthesize. They suck sap from plants and cause seedlings to wilt and die | Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mbewu sidzikwanitse kupanga chakudya moyenera. Zimamwa utoto kuchokera ku zomera ndi kupangitsa mbewu kufota komanso kufa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1233 | Older plants may be stunted as a result of the attack. Apart from the above direct damage, aphids also transmit Bean Common Mosaic Virus | Mbewu zazikulu zikhoza kupinimbira chifukwa cha kugwidwa ndi tizilomboti. Kupatula kuonongeka komwe takamba mmwambaku, ma nsabwe za mbewu amapatsiranso mbewu matenda a Bean Common Mosaic Virus | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1234 | Harvest when most of the pods on the plant have started drying. Start harvesting in the morning when dew has evaporated | Kololani pamene nyemba zambiri pa mbewupo zayamba kuuma. Yambani kukolola mmawa pamene mame auma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1235 | Do not harvest late when the pods are too dry to avoid loss of beans through shattering. Continue sun drying before threshing | Musakolole mochedwa pamene nyemba zauma kwambiri kuti mupewe kutayika kwa nyemba zikamasweka. Pitirizani kuumitsa padzuwa musanamenye | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1236 | Groundnut is one of the most important food and cash crops in Malawi. It is a good source of protein, vitamins and vegetable oils | Mtedza ndi mbewu imodzi yofunika kwambiri pa chakudya komanso ndalama ku Malawi. Umapeleka chakudya chomanga thupi, ma vitamin komanso mafuta a masamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1237 | However, in recent years production has not been satisfactory, as a result, Malawi has been importing substantial amounts of vegetable oils | Komabe mu zaka zaposachedwazi zokolola sizinali zosangalatsa, pachifukwa ichi, dziko la Malawi lakhala likugula mafuta amasamba ochuluka kuchokera ku mayiko akunja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1238 | It is therefore important to increase production of groundnut especially oil rich nuts as this would play an important role in import substitution | Choncho ndikoyenera kuchulukitsa kulima mtedza makamaka womwe uli ndi mafuta ambiri pakuti izi zithandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kugula katundu kunja kwa dziko lino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1239 | Like other legumes, groundnut is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. When grown in rotation with other crops such as maize or tobacco, it improves soil fertility | Monga mbewu zina za nyemba, mtedza umayika nitrigen wamumpweya munthaka. Ukabzalidwa mwakasinthasintha ndi mbewu zina monga chimanga kapena fodya, umawonjezera chonde munthaka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1240 | Groundnut haulms also provide a good source of animal feed, especially in the dry season when feedstock becomes scarce | Masamba a mtendza amapezetsa zakudya zabwino kuziweto makamaka munyengo ya dzinja pamene zakudya za ziweto zasowa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1241 | Farmers should always use good quality/certified seed for higher yields. Groundnut seed like the other legumes can be recycled up to a maximum of 3 seasons | Alimi adzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mbewu yabwino/yovomerezeka kuti akokole kwambiri. Mtedza monga mbewu zina zanyemba zikhoza kubzalidwa kwa nyengo zitatu musanasinthe mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1242 | Such seed should be kept in shell until shortly before planting. After three years of recycling, fresh seed should be obtained from known and registered seed sources | Mbewu ngati imeneyo isungidwe yosaswa mpaka nthawi yobzala itayandikira. Pakutha pa zaka zitatu zogwiritsa ntchito mbewu yomweyo, mbewu yatsopano ipezedwe kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odziwika komanso owomerezeka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1243 | CG 7 (ICGV-SM 83708) Confectionery nut with medium seed size. It is recommended for production in all groundnut growing areas of the country | Mtedza wa CG 7 umakhala wokulirapo pang'ono mbewu yake. Ndiwovomerezeka kulimidwa mmadera onse olima mtedza mdziko muno | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1244 | It has a bunch growth habit and tolerates drought. It matures in 130 to 150 days. Th e seeds are red, uniform and contain 48 % oil. It has a yield potential of 2500 kg per hectare. It is a Virginia runner in growth habit | Umakula mwamafutu ndipo umapilira ku chilala. Umacha pamasiku 130 kufika 150. Mbewu yake imaoneka mofiira, yofanana ndipo imakhala ndi mafuta okwana 48%. Zokolola zimafika makilogalamu 2,500 pa hectare. Umakula ngati mmene ichitira mbewu ya Virginia | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1245 | Nsinjiro (ICGV-SM 90704) is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all plateau areas of Malawi, within the altitude range of 1000-1500m above sea level | Nsinjiro ndi mtedza wovomerezeka kulimidwa mmadera onse a mmapiri ku Malawi, komwe kukwera kwake ndi 1000m kufika 1500m pamwamba panyanja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1246 | It matures between 120 to 140 days after sowing. The yield potential is close to CG7 but has the advantage of being tolerant to groundnut rosette | Umacha pamasiku 120 kufika 140 pambuyo pobzala. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumayandikana ndi CG 7 koma uli ndi ubwino wapadera wopilira ku matenda a khate a mtedza | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1247 | The seeds are tan in colour, 45 % oil. Nsinjiro has a potential yield of 2000 kg per hectare. The variety has spreading bunch growth habit | Mbewu yake imaoneka yoderapo, uli ndi mafuta kufika 45%. Nsinjiro umafika makilogalamu 2,000 pa hectare. Mbewu imeneyi imakula momwazika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1248 | Chalimbana 2005 (CML 851/7) is a confectionery nut recommended for all plateau areas of the country within the altitude range of 1000 to 1500m above sea level | Chalimbana 2005 ndi mnewu ya mtedza yoyenera mmadera akumapiri mdziko muno kumene kukwera kwake ndi 1000m kufika 1500m pamwamba pa nyanja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1249 | The variety was bred by the national programme and released for cultivation in 2005. Chalimbana 2005 is a Virginia bunch variety with a tan seed coat, and matures in 130 to 140 days | Mbewu imeneyi inapangidwa mdziko momwe muno ndipo inatulutsidwa kuti idzilimidwa mu chaka cha 2005. Chalimbana 2005 imakula ngati Virginia ndipo ili ndi chikuto chofiilirapo mwakuda, ndipo imacha pamasiku 130 kufika 140 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1250 | It contains 45% oil and has a yield potential of 2000- 2500 kg per hectare. Additional attributes include moderate resistance to both rosette and early leaf spot diseases | Umakhala ndi mafuta okwana 45% ndipo zokolola zimafika makilogalamu 2,000 mpaka 2,500 pa hectare. Zina zofunikira zamtedzawu ndi monga kupilira ku matenda a khinyata komanso matenda ochita madontho mmasamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1251 | Kakoma is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all the low–lying areas within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley, Lakeshore Areas and also for off -season (dimba) cultivation | Kakoma ndi mbewu ya mtedza yoyenera kulimidwa mmadera otsika omwe ali pa ntunda wa 200, kufika 500m pamwamba pa nyanja monga kuchigwa cha Shire, madera amphepete mwa nyanja komanso ukhoza kulimidwa kudimba mvula ikadutsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1252 | It matures in 90 to 120 days after sowing, has no seed dormancy and it should therefore be harvested as soon as it matures. The seeds are small, pale tan in colour and contain 48% oil. Kakoma has a potential yield of 1500 kg per hectare. It has erect bunch growth habit | Umacha pamasiku 90 kufika 120 pambuyo pobzala, ukakhwima mbewu yake siimakhadzikika kotero ukololedwe ukangokhwima. Mtedza wake umakhala waun'gono, wowala pang'ono ndipo uli ndi mafuta kufika 48%. Kakoma amabeleka kufika 1,500 pa hectare. Umakula moyima | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1253 | Baka (ICG 129991) is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all the low–lying areas within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley, Lakeshore Areas and also for off -season (dimba) cultivation under residual moisture | Baka ndi mbewu yamtedza yovomerezeka kulimidwa kumadera otsika omwe ali pamtunda wa 200m kufika 500m pamwamba pa nyanja monga kuchigwa cha Shire, madera a mphepete mwa nyanja komanso umalimidwa kudimba pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chotsalira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1254 | Like Kakoma, it matures in 90 to 120 days after sowing, has no seed dormancy. The seeds are pale tan in colour and contain 48 % oil but are slightly smaller than Kakoma. However, Baka has an added advantage in that it is rosette tolerant. It has erect bunch growth habit | Monga Kakoma, umacha pamasiku 90 kufika 120 pambuyo pobzala, mbewu yake ikakhwima siimakhadzikika. Mtedza wake umaoneka mofiilirapo mwakuda ndipo uli ndi mafuta okwana 48% koma umakhala wocheperapo makulidwe kusiyana ndi Kakoma. Komabe Baka ali ndi ubwino wapadera wakuti amapilira ku matenda a khate. Umakula moyima | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1255 | Chitala (ICGV-SM 99568) is a Spanish bunch confectionary nut grown within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley and other lakeshore areas | Chitala ndi mbewu ya mtedza ya chi Spanish yomwe imalimidwa pamtunda wa 200m kufika 500m pamwamba panyanja monga ku chigwa cha Shire komanso madera ena a mphepete mwa nyanja. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1256 | The variety can also be grown during the off -season under dimba cultivation using residual moisture or irrigation. Chitala has a seed yield potential of 1500kg/ha, matures in 90 to 100 days after sowing, and has no seed dormancy | Mtundu umenewu ukhozanso kulimidwa mvula ikatha kudimba pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chotsalira kapena mthilira. Chitala amabeleka kufika makilogalamu 1,500 pa hectare, amacha pamasiku 90 kufika 100 pambuyo pobzala ndipo mtedza wake sumakhadzikika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1257 | The seeds are tan in colour, medium sized (41g/100 seeds) and contain 48% oil. An additional attribute of Chitala is resistance to rosette | Mtedza umaoneka mofiilirapo, ndiwapakati makulidwe ndipo uli mafuta okwana 48%. Zina zofunika pamtedzawu ndi zakuti umapilira ku matenda a khate | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1258 | CG 8 (ICGV-SM 08501) include oil content for all the varieties. CG 8 is a newly released medium duration, Virginia type groundnut variety. It is recommended to be grown in mid-altitude areas | CG 8 uli ndi mafuta ophatikiza mitundu yonse ya mtedza. CG 7 ndi mbewu yatsopano yocha mochedwa pang'ono, yamtundu wa Virginia. Ndiyoyenera kumadera okwelerapo pang'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1259 | It has a yield potential of 2500 kg/ha. It is decumbent in growth, has dark-green leaves, orange- yellow flowers and reaches 50% flowering in about 40 days | Zokolola zimafika 2,500kgs pa hectare. Imakula mogona kenako moyima, masamba ake ndi obiliwira moderapo, maluwa ake achikasu pang'ono ndipo theka limachita maluwa pakutha pa masiku makumi anayi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1260 | It has a deep pod constriction produces 2 medium to large seeds per pod, red in colour and has a shelling percentage of ≥70%. It takes 120 to 130 days to reach maturity. It is resistant to groundnut rosette disease | Mtedza wake umakhala woning'a kwambiri pakati, mkati mwake mumakhala mbewu uwiri, zofiira mmaonekedwe ndipo ukaswedwa umapyola 70%. Umatenga masiku 120 kufika 130 kuti ukhwime. Umapilira kumatenda a khate | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1261 | CG 9 (ICGV-SM 08503) is a newly released medium duration, Virginia type groundnut variety. It is recommended to be grown in mid-altitude areas | CG 9 ndi mbewu yatsopano yomwe imacha mwachangu, yamtundu wa Virginia. Ndiyoyenera kumadera okwelerapo pang'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1262 | It has a yield potential of 2500 kg/ha. It is decumbent in growth and has green leaves, orange- yellow flowers, reaching 50% flowering in about 40 days | Imabeleka kufika 2,500kgs pa hectare. Imakula mogona kenako nthambi zake kuyima, ili ndi masamba obiliwira, maluwa achikasu, theka limachita maluwa pofika masiku makumi anayi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1263 | It has a very deep pod constriction, produces 2 medium to large seeds per pod, red in colour and has a shelling percentage of ≥70%. It takes 120 to 130 days to reach maturity. It is resistant to Groundnut Rosette Disease | Mtedza umakhala woning'a pakati, mkati mumakhala mbewu ziwiri, zofiira ndipo ukaswedwa umapyola 70%. Umatenga masiku 120 kufika 130 kuti ukhwime. Umapilira ku matenda a khate a mtedza | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1264 | Select deep, well-drained sandy loam soils that are well supplied with calcium and moderate amounts of organic matter | Sankhani dothi lakuya, losasunga madzi, lamchenga lomwe liri ndi mchere wa calcium wokwanira ndipo liri ndi mthaka yokwaniranso | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1265 | Land should be prepared early enough before the onset of rains in order to sow with the effective early rains. All debris should be ploughed under thoroughly | Minda ikonzedwe mwansanga mvula isanayambe kuti ubzalidwe ndu mvula yoyamba. Zinyalala zonse zikwililidwe bwinobwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1266 | To ensure optimum plant population, plant at correct ridge or row and plant spacing. To achieve this, use the recommended seed rate | Kuti mbewu zichite bwino, bzalani pamizere yotalikirana moyenera komanso mapando otalikirana moyenera. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, gwiritsani ntchito mulingo woyenera wakachulukidwe kambewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1267 | However, note that higher yields can be obtained on ridges spaced at 60cm and 75cm depending on the variety used | Komabe dziwani kuti zokolola zochuluka zingapezedwe pamizere yotalikirana 60cm ndi 75cm kutengera mtundu wa mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1268 | Supplying should be done if necessary within one week of seedling emergence. At planting, place the seed5-6cm deep into the soil and cover it with soil thoroughly | Kupatulira kuchitike ngati nkoyenera pasabata imodzi mbewu zikangomera. Pobzala, ikani mbewu pa mtunda 5cm kufika 6cm kulowa pansi ndipo kwilirani bwinobwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1269 | Weeds cause severe damage to the groundnut crop during the first 45 days of its growth. This is the most critical period of weed competition | Tchire limawononga mbewu ya mtedza pamasiku makumi anayi ndi asanu oyambilira. Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yomwe tchire limapikisana ndi mbewu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1270 | Therefore, weeding at least twice during this critical period is imperative, thus within 20 and 45 days after sowing | Kotero kupalira kawiri panthawi yodetsa nkhawayi ndikofunika, apa ndi mkati mwamasiku 20 kufika 45 pambuyo pobzala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1271 | Thorough weed control prior to pegging is extremely important. During pegging, only hand weeding should be done to avoid damage to developing pods | Kuthana ndi tchire moyenera mtedza usanayambe kupanga ndolo ndi koyenera kopambana. Panthawi yopanga ndolo, palirani ndi manja basi popewa kuwononga ndolozo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1272 | Chemical weed control can also be done using herbicides such as Dual Magnum, Roundup and Harness | Kuthana ndi tchire pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kutsatidwe pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Dual Magnum, Roundup ndi Harness | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1273 | However, whenever herbicides are used, farmers should as much as possible use appropriate types, following instructions on time of application, application rates and safety precautions provided on the label | Komabe pamene mankhwala ophera tchire agwiritsidwa ntchito, alimi aonetsetse kuti agwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyenera, atsatira malangizo anthawi imene akuyenera kuthira, mulingo wothilira komanso njira zozitetezera zomwe zalembedwa pa malangizopo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1274 | Rust disease usually occurs at the same time as late leaf spot. The symptoms are orange coloured pustules on the lower surface of the leaflets | Matenda a dzimbiri kwambiri amaoneka panthawi yomweyo ngati matenda a madontho a masamba. Zizindikiro zake ndi zotupa zamaonekedwe a lalanje kunsi kwa masamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1275 | The pustules rupture to release reddish brown spores and the leaves become reddish then dry up. | Zotupazi zimasweka kuti zitulutse njere za brown ndipo masamba amasanduka ofiira kenako amauma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1276 | Yield losses due to this disease are usually up to 10% or less and are lower than those caused by early and late leaf spot | Kutsika kwa zokolola chifukwa chamatendawa kumafika 10% kapena kuchepera apa nthawi zambiri ndipo ndizotsika kuposera matenda a ealry ndi late leaf spot | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1277 | All these three foliar fungal diseases can be controlled using Daconil sprays at fortnightly intervals. However, at the current groundnut producer prices, chemical control is not economical | Matenda atatu onsewa amasamba angathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito Daconil wopopera pasabata ziwiri zilizonse. Komabe, pamitengo yomwe mtedza ukugulidwira kuchokera kwa alimi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kuwononga ndalama | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1278 | It is therefore important to follow good agronomic practices such as early planting, crop rotation, burial of crop residues and removal of volunteer plants in order to reduce the primary source of inoculum | Choncho ndikofuniika kutsatira ndondomeko zakalimidwe zoyenera monga kubzala mwachangu, kulima mbewu mwakasinthasintha, kukwilira zotsalira za mbewu komanso kuchotsa mbewu zongomera zokha pofuna kuchepetsa nkhokwe zamatenda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1279 | Avoid growing groundnuts in fields that have a history of termites or termite mounds. For Hilda, since the damage starts from the edges of fields, maintaining a clean surrounding by removing grasses of the field reduces the pest incidence | Pewani kulima mtedza mminda yomwe ili ndi mbiri ya chiswe kapena chulu cha chiswe. Kwa Hilda, chifukwa chakuti kuwonongeka kumayambira mphepete mwa munda, kuchotsa udzu wonse wozungulira munda kumachepetsa kupezeka kwa tizilombo towonongati | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1280 | Aphids infest the groundnut plants at all stages of growth if conditions are favourable. Their feeding causes leaves to curl and growth to be stunted | Nsabwe za mbweu amagwira mtedza panthawi iliyonse yakukula kwawo ngati nyengo ndiyoyenera. Madyedwe awo amachititsa masamba kukhwinyata ndipo kupinimbira pamakulidwe | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1281 | Aphids are particularly important because they transmit the virus that causes groundnut rosette disease. Early planting at correct spacing will help to control the spreading of aphids | Nsabwe za mbewu ndi zofunikira chifukwa chakuti zimabweretsa matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda a rosette mumtedza. Kubzala moyambilira posiya mipata yoyenera kumathandioza kuchepetsa kufala kwa ma aphid | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1282 | Groundnuts do not usually respond to direct application of mineral fertilizers. Generally, groundnuts perform well following a well fertilized maize crop, so long as phosphorus, calcium and sulphur-containing fertilizers such as 23:10:5+6S+1.0Zn were applied | Mtedza sumavomera ukathiridwa fertilizer mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, mtedza umachita bwino potsatira chimanga chomwe chinathiridwa fertilizer mokwanira, makamaka ngati chinathiridwa fertilizer wokhala ndi phosphorous, calcium ndi sulphar monga 23:10:5+6S+1.0Zn | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1283 | Calcium is the most limiting nutrient in sandy soils and where medium-large-seeded varieties particularly of Virginia type are grown | Mchere wa calcium ndi wokhawo umane ungalepheretse zokolola mu nthaka ya mchenga ndiponso komwe kumalimidwa mtedza wokulirapo makamaka mtundu wa Virginia | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1284 | Groundnut can be basal dressed with 100 kg/ ha of single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer to provide 7% phosphorus, 19.5% calcium, and 12.5% Sulphur | Mtedza ukhoza kuthiridwa fertilizer wokulitsa wa superphosphate pa mulingo wa makilogalamu 100 pa hectare kuti upeleke 7% phosphorous, 19.5% calcium ndipondo 12.5% sulphur | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1285 | The fertilizer should be applied in a band on the ridge, or broadcast onto the soil and ploughed under before sowing or soon after emergence | Fetereza athiridwe mmizere kapena amwazidwe mdothi ndikusakanizidwa ndi mthaka mbewu isanabzalidwe kapena ikangomera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1286 | Top dressing with Gypsum at the rate of 200-400 kg/ha directly at the base of the plant when 30% of the plants have flowered will help to correct Calcium deficiency and reduce groundnut pops | Kuthira fetereza wobereketsa wa Gypsum pa mulingo wa makilogalamu 200 kufika 500 pa hectare paphata pa mbewu, mbewu makumi atatu zikachita maluwa pa mbewu makumi khumi zilizonse kudzathandiza kuthetsa kuchepa kwa calcium komanso kuchepetsa mphwepwa mumtedza | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1287 | Timely harvesting of groundnuts is essential to avoid discoloration of nuts, germination and pods remaining in the ground at harvesting | Kukolola mtedza nthawi yoyenera ndikofunika popewa kuda kwa mtedzawo, kumera komanso kutsalira kwa ndolo za mtedza mudothi pokolola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1288 | Check by lifting a few pods and examining the inside of the shell. The nuts are mature when the inside of the shell is spotted pale brown | Onani kutukula ndolo zingapo za mtedza ndikupima mkati mwa chikuto cha mtedzacho. Mtedza umakhala wakhwima mkati mwake mukakhala madontho a oderapo mofiira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1289 | The fall of leaves is not necessarily a sign of maturity. Delayed harvesting also predisposes the nuts to infection by aspergillus and aflatoxin contamination | Kugwa kwamasamba sichizindikiro cha kukhwima. Kuchedwetsa kukolola kumayika mtedza pachiopsezo cha matenda a aspergillus komanso kuchita chuku | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1290 | Drying and storage-After lifting, the groundnut should be quickly and thoroughly dried before storage. Store groundnuts in dry containers, Storage under wet conditions will enhance the development of a fungus (Aspergillus flavus) which leads to aflatoxin contamination | Kuyanika komanso kusunga - pambuyo pozula, mtedza uwumitsidwe mwachangu komanso mwandongosolo usanasungidwe. Sungani mtedza mu zinthu zouma, kusunga mmalo achinyezi zimayambitsa matenda a Aspergillus flavus omwe amapherezera ku chuku | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1291 | If the pods are to be stored longer, put in gunny bags and dust them with Actellic Super Dust or Wivokil to protect the pods from various storage pests | Ngati ndolo za mtedza zikuyenera kusungidwa, ikani mmasaka ndipo wazani matumbawo Actellic Super Dust kapena Wivokil pofuna kuteteza ndolo za mtedza ku tizilombo towononga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1292 | Shelling and Marketing-It is bad practice to wet pods to make shelling easier since wet nuts are not accepted at the markets | Kuswa komanso kugulitsa- ndi mchitidwe woyipa kunyowetsa ndolo za mtedza kuti usamavute kuswa chifukwa mtedza wonyowa umakanidwa kumsika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1293 | After shelling, the nuts should be graded carefully. All mouldy nuts should be discarded and not fed to livestock as they are toxic because of a high concentration of aflatoxin | Mutatha kuswa, mtedza usankhidwe mwadongosolo. Mtedza wonse woola utayidwe ndipo usadyetsedwe kuziweto popeza ndiwoyipa chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa chuku | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1294 | Shriveled and broken nuts should be separated. Only clean whole nuts will fetch a high price at the markets. Farmers should winnow and grade the pods to ensure that only properly filled pods are presented at the markets | Mtedza wonyala komanso wosweka usungidwe padera. Mtedza wokhawo womwe ndi wosasweka komanso wooneka bwino ukagulidwa pamtengo wokwera kumsika. Alimi ayenera apete ndi kusankha ndolo za mtedza pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ndolo zokhazo zokhuta bwino ndi mtedza zapititsidwa kumsika. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1295 | Soya bean is a very important and versatile grain legume because it can be put to many uses. It provides high quality vegetable protein of around 37% CP and oil for humans and livestock consumption | Soya ndi mbewu yabwino komanso yofunikira kwambiri ya mtundu wa nyemba chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri. Imapezetsa zakudya zomanga thuphi zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zili pa mulingo wa 37% zomanga thupi ndi mafuta a masamba omwe anthu amadya ndiponso ziweto | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1296 | It is used in the production of various other recipes at household and industrial levels such as the production of Likuni Phala, soya milk and soy meat | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana mmakomo komanso mmafakitale monga kupanga phala la Likuni, mkaka wa soya ndi nyama ya soya | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1297 | It is also used in the production of feeds for poultry and other livestock. The crop is also a good nitrogen fixer and it therefore improves soil fertility | Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zakudya za nkhuku ndi ziweto zina. Mbewuyi ndiyabwino pakuti imathandiza kuyika notrogen munthaka ndipo imawonjezera chonde munthaka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1298 | It is grown as alternative food and cash crop in areas where groundnut pops are a problem | Imalimidwa ngati chakudya komanso yobweretsa ndalama mmadera omwe mtedza umachita mphwepwa kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1299 | The crop can be grown under a wide range of climatic conditions ranging from warm to hot low lying areas of the Shire Valley with marginal rainfall of less than 700mm to the highlands of Nyika and Vipya Plateaus with more than 2,000mm rainfall; and soil types ranging from sandy loams to heavy clay soils with sufficient drainage | Mbewuyi imalimidwa mmadera a nyengo zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kotentha pang'ono mpaka madera otentha kwambiri aku chigwa cha Shire komwe mvula imagwa yosafika 700mm mpaka kumadera okwera aku Nyika ndi Viphya komwe mvula imagwa mpaka 2000mm; ndiponso mudothi losiyanasiyana kuyambira lamchenga mpaka la dongo lomwe silimasunga madzi kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1300 | Overall production has increased over the past ten years, however, the actual production level tends to fluctuate due to several factors including low and fluctuating farm-gate prices, inadequate availability seeds suppliers of improved seed varieties, poor crop husbandry practices, short-lived seed viability of soybeans and lack of awareness on processing and utilization technologies for the crop. | Ulimi wa soya wakula muzaka khumi zapitazi, komabe, kalimidwe kamasinthasintha chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri monga mitengo yogulira kwa alimi yotsika komanso yosakhazikika, kusapezeka kwa mbewu mokwanira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mitundu ya mbewu zamakono, kasamalidwe kosayenera kambewu, mbewu simakhala nthawi yayitali isanaonongeke komanso kusowa upangiri pakakonzedwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka njira zamakono pokonza katundu kuchokera ku mbewuyi | agriculture | agriculture document |