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[ { "id": "30657530_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Association of Adverse Effects of Medical Treatment With Mortality in the United States: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 177 ] ] }, { "id": "30657530_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Importance: More than 20 years have passed since the first publication of estimates of the extent of medical harm occurring in hospitals in the United States. Since then, considerable resources have been allocated to improve patient safety, yet policymakers lack a clear gauge of the progress made. Objectives: To quantify the cause-specific mortality associated with adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) in the United States from 1990 to 2016 by age group, sex, and state of residence and to describe trends in types of harm and associations with other diseases and injuries. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cohort study using 1990-2016 data on mortality due to AEMT from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2016 study, which assessed death certificates of US decedents. Exposures: Death with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded registration. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality associated with AEMT. Secondary analyses were performed on all ICD codes in the death certificate's causal chain to describe associations between AEMT and other diseases and injuries. Results: From 1990 to 2016, there were an estimated 123 603 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 100 856-163 814 deaths) with AEMT as the underlying cause. Despite an overall increase in the number of deaths due to AEMT over time, the national age-standardized mortality rate due to AEMT decreased by 21.4% (95% UI, 1.3%-32.2%) from 1.46 (95% UI, 1.09-1.76) deaths per 100 000 population in 1990 to 1.15 (95% UI, 1.00-1.60) deaths per 100 000 population in 2016. Men and women had similar rates of AEMT mortality, and those 70 years or older had mortality rates nearly 20-fold greater compared with those aged 15 to 49 years (mortality rate in 2016 for both sexes, 7.93 [95% UI, 7.23-11.45] per 100 000 population for those aged >=70 years vs 0.38 [95% UI, 0.34-0.43] per 100 000 population for those aged 15-49 years). Per 100 000 population, California had the lowest age-standardized AEMT mortality rate at 0.84 deaths (95% UI, 0.57-1.47 deaths), whereas Mississippi had the highest mortality rate at 1.67 deaths (95% UI, 1.19-2.03 deaths). Surgical and perioperative events were the most common subtype of AEMT, accounting for 63.6% of all deaths for which an AEMT was identified as the underlying cause. Conclusions and Relevance: This study's findings suggest a modest reduction in the mortality rate associated with AEMT in the United States from 1990 to 2016 while also observing increased mortality associated with advancing age and noted geographic variability. The annual GBD releases may allow for tracking of the burden of AEMT in the United States." ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 2863 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 843 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Death" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D008310_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Classification of Diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008310" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1562, 1571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1725, 1731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1772, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1804, 1813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1847, 1856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1927, 1936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2193, 2202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2216, 2222 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2242, 2248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2287, 2296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2310, 2316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2336, 2342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2445, 2451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2593, 2602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30657530_MESH:D003643_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2699, 2708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34987131_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dec1 deficiency restores the age-related dysfunctions of submandibular glands." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "34987131_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Age-related organ and tissue-specific cell kinetic and morphological alterations are associated with the incidence of numerous diseases in old age. Salivary dysfunction frequently appears in a wide range of older people and thus is a physiological and biological aspect of aging. The transcription factor Dec1 (differentiated embryo chondrocyte expressed gene 1) is essential for the regulation of cellular senescence. Here, we explored the morphological and physiological abnormalities and the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of young (3-month-old) and of aged (24-month-old) wild-type (WT) and Dec1KO mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, Masson's Trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real time PCR were employed. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were examined using an Agilent system with a Mouse 8x60K array. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased oxidative stress response (8-OHdG), increased expression levels of type I collagen in the fibrotic tissues with substantial amounts of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, the presence of CCl-22-positive lymphocytes infiltrating the SMGs of aged WT mice and a subsequently enhanced expression of fibrosis-associated gene (MMP-2) in the aged SMGs. The water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) was expressed in the basal cytoplasmic regions of acini in young SMGs but showed a decreased expression in aged SMGs. Myoepithelial cell markers (p63 immunoreactivity and a-SMA immunofluorescence staining) were also decreased in aged SMGs. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed decreased mRNA expression levels of AQP5 and increased mRNA expression levels of Dec1 in aged WT mice. All those characteristics were attenuated in aged Dec1KO mice. There were no apparent differences between young WT and Dec1KO mice. Of the miRNAs analyzed, miR-181c-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-374c-5p and miR-466i-3p are proposed regulatory targets of Dec1 and AQP5 genes that are involved in SMG dysfunction in aged mice. We suggest that a Dec1 deficiency might alleviate the aging-induced hypofunction of SMGs and relevant alterations of Dec1 would be useful to keep SMGs healthy. This study provides clues for determining unique microRNAs concerned with SMG dysfunction. Subsequent activation of such diversely expressed miRNAs be of great value in clarifying the nature of age-related alterations in SMGs." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 2499 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34987131_20893_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D003141_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "numerous diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1KO" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D006416_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Hematoxylin" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006416" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D004801_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "eosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004801" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:C067134_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OHdG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C067134" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20299_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CCl-22" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20299" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D005355_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_17390_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MMP-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17390" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D014867_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_11830_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "aquaporin-5" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11830" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_11830_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AQP5" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11830" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_22061_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p63" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "22061" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_11475_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a-SMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1590, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11475" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_11830_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AQP5" ], "offsets": [ [ 1731, 1735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11830" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1796 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1KO" ], "offsets": [ [ 1848, 1854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1855, 1859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1KO" ], "offsets": [ [ 1917, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1924, 1928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_723819_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-181c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1962 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "723819" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_100526513_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-374c" ], "offsets": [ [ 1979, 1987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100526513" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 2042, 2046 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_11830_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AQP5" ], "offsets": [ [ 2051, 2055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11830" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D009461_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SMG dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2083, 2098 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_10090_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 2107, 2111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 2131, 2135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D000309_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypofunction of SMGs" ], "offsets": [ [ 2181, 2201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000309" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_20893_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dec1" ], "offsets": [ [ 2230, 2234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20893" } ] }, { "id": "34987131_MESH:D009461_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SMG dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2347, 2362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1776817_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Creatine kinase in diagnosis of myocardial infarction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "1776817_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1776817_MESH:D009203_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009203" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4055010_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Disseminated herpes simplex infection in a newborn--treatment with acyclovir." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "4055010_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 78 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4055010_MESH:D006561_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Disseminated herpes simplex infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006561" } ] }, { "id": "4055010_MESH:D000212_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acyclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000212" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19064637_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Yersinia pestis Ail protein mediates binding and Yop delivery to host cells required for plague virulence." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "19064637_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although adhesion to host cells is a critical step in the delivery of cytotoxic Yop proteins by Yersinia pestis, the mechanism has not been defined. To identify adhesins critical for Yop delivery, we initiated two transposon mutagenesis screens using the mariner transposon. To avoid redundant cell binding activities, we initiated the screen with a strain deleted for two known adhesins, pH 6 antigen and the autotransporter, YapC, as well as the Caf1 capsule, which is known to obscure some adhesins. The mutants that emerged contained insertions within the ail (attachment and invasion locus) gene of Y. pestis. A reconstructed mutant with a single deletion in the ail locus (y1324) was severely defective for delivery of Yops to HEp-2 human epithelial cells and significantly defective for delivery of Yops to THP-1 human monocytes. Specifically, the Yop delivery defect was apparent when cell rounding and translocation of an ELK-tagged YopE derivative into host cells were monitored. Although the ail mutant showed only a modest decrease in cell binding capacity in vitro, the KIM5 Deltaail mutant exhibited a >3,000-fold-increased 50% lethal dose in mice. Mice infected with the Deltaail mutant also had 1,000-fold fewer bacteria in their spleens, livers, and lungs 3 days after infection than did those infected with the parental strain, KIM5. Thus, the Ail protein is critical for both Y. pestis type III secretion in vitro and infection in mice." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 1566 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19064637_3077338_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Caf1" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3077338" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_632_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Y. pestis" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_10090_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_10090_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_22232_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "had 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "22232" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_MESH:D007239_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_MESH:D007239_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1422, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_632_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Y. pestis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1506, 1515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_MESH:D007239_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1548, 1557 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19064637_10090_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6253370_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Immunosuppressive treatment im multiple sclerosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "6253370_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The results of various uncontrolled trials of immunosuppression in the treatment of multiple sclerosis have indicated an amelioration in the clinical course of the disease in about half of the treated patients. These observations have recently been confirmed by the findings in a double blind controlled study. The aim of future clinical trials has to lay in increasing the efficacy of conventional immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Further progress in immunological research and a better understanding of the etiology of multiple sclerosis may allow one day a more specific immunotherapy with the help of immunoregulatory substances." ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 718 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6253370_MESH:D009103_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "6253370_MESH:D009103_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "6253370_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "6253370_MESH:D009103_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "6253370_MESH:D009103_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2619558_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Liver toxicity due to 1,2-dichloropropane in the rat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "2619558_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effect of 1,2-dichloropropane on rat liver was studied after short (5 days) and long term (4 weeks) i.p. administration. Animals were injected daily with 10-500 mg/kg body wt 1,2-dichloropropane and biochemical and histological changes of liver were investigated. Treatment was monitored by measuring urinary mercapturic acid excretion. A significant increase of mercapturate excretion was observed at all dose levels, with no further increase during the treatment; at lower doses a return to baseline values occurred within 48 h after the end of treatment. Mercapturate excretion at the end of weeks 2, 3 and 4 of treatment was significantly lower than that observed at the end of week 1. The liver reduced glutathione content was different after single or repeated injections. A dose-dependent decrease of liver reduced glutathione was observed after a single injection and a dose-dependent increase after 4 weeks. The liver biochemical pattern after 4 weeks of treatment (characterized by a decrease of cytochrome P-450 and by an increase of reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity) suggests a hyperplastic evolution of the liver cells, probably a repair mechanism induced by early depletion of reduced glutathione. Light microscopy confirms that the prevalent alterations are regenerative in type (atypical mitosis and hyperplastic nodules). Areas of focal necrosis are isolated, and trend to disappear after long term treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 1510 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2619558_MESH:D056486_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Liver toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:C004765_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-dichloropropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004765" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:C004765_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-dichloropropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004765" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:C004765_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-dichloropropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004765" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D000111_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mercapturic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000111" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mercapturate" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Mercapturate" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D005978_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D005978_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_25251_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cytochrome P-450" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25251" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D005978_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_58962_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "glutathione S-transferase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58962" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D005978_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "2619558_MESH:D009336_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21360933_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Cigarette smoking among children and adolescents on probation and their family and peer group]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "21360933_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Smoking is one of the most prevalent and also one of the most unhealthy lifestyle elements. The aim of this paper is to present the incidence and causes of smoking among children and adolescents on probation, and examine how immediate social environment reacts to their smoking. The analysis was based on the results of 190 structured interviews taken from february to may 2010 among persons who are aged 11 to 17 years, living in the city of Poznan. It was found that cigarette smoking in the study population is common phenomenon, primarily correlated with age, but also to gender. Family and peer environment, not only does not constitute a buffer against smoking, but sometimes it reinforces the unhealthy behaviors." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 817 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21360933_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21360933_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21360933_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 488 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14827686_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[A multi-use tube circuit]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ] }, { "id": "14827686_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 28 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30197704_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Immune Regulatory Genes Are Major Genetic Factors to Behcet Disease: Systematic Review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "30197704_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 88 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22982646_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A framework for modeling ocular drug transport and flow through the eye using micro-CT." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "22982646_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study uses micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging for assessment of concentration and transport mechanisms of ocular drug surrogates following intravitreal injection. Injections of an iodinated contrast agent were administered to enucleated porcine eyes prior to scanning over 192 min. Image analysis was performed using signal profiles and regions of interest that corresponded to specific iodine concentrations. Diffusion coefficients of the injected iodine solutions were calculated using nonlinear regression analysis with a diffusion model. There was a predominantly diffusive component in the movement of the contrast to the back of the eye in the horizontal (sagittal & coronal) directions, with ultimate retinal fate observed after 120 min. The diffusion coefficients were found to have a mean of 4.87 x 10(-4) mm(2) s(-1) and standard deviation of 8.39 x 10(-5) mm(2) s(-1) for 150 mg ml(-1) iodine concentration and 6.13 x 10(-4) +- 1.83 x 10(-4) mm(2) s(-1) for 37.5 mg ml(-1) concentration. However, it should be noted that these coefficients were time dependent and were found to decay as the diffusion front interacted with the retinal wall. A real-time, accurate, non-invasive method of tracking a bolus and its concentration is achieved using a high spatial resolution and fast scanning speed micro-CT system." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1424 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22982646_MESH:D007455_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] }, { "id": "22982646_MESH:D007455_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] }, { "id": "22982646_MESH:D007455_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8505811_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The use of blood cultures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] }, { "id": "8505811_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 27 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13426419_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A method for the study of immunity to tuberculosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 51 ] ] }, { "id": "13426419_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 52 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13426419_MESH:D014376_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20272288_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Medico-legal interest in psycho-somatic narco-analysis in the military environment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "20272288_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 84 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24010483_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comment on \"Universal out-of-equilibrium transport in Kondo-correlated quantum dots: renormalized dual fermions on the Keldysh contour\"." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "24010483_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 137 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2931628_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Autoradiographic studies on dopamine D2 receptors in rat pituitary: influence of hormonal states." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "2931628_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The influence of the estrous cycle on the density of dopamine D2 sites in the rat pituitary was studied by quantitative autoradiography using [3H]spiperone. While no significant changes were found in the neural and intermediate lobes during the cycle, a lower number of D2 receptors in the anterior lobe was observed in the proestrus when compared to the diestrus. The difference in the density of [3H]spiperone binding in the pituitary between male and female rats was also analysed. A significantly lower number of receptors in the three lobes of the male pituitary, as compared to those of the female, was found. Finally, no significant variation in the number of binding sites in the 3 pituitary lobes was observed between lactating and separated mothers." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 857 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2931628_MESH:D004298_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_MESH:D004298_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_MESH:D013134_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "spiperone" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013134" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_MESH:D013134_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "spiperone" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013134" } ] }, { "id": "2931628_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27386054_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Validation of disease states in schizophrenia: comparison of cluster analysis between US and European populations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "27386054_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: There is controversy as to whether use of statistical clustering methods to identify common disease patterns in schizophrenia identifies patterns generalizable across countries. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare disease states identified in a published study (Mohr/Lenert, 2004) considering US patients to disease states in a European cohort (EuroSC) considering English, French, and German patients. METHODS: Using methods paralleling those in Mohr/Lenert, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale items in the EuroSC data set (n=1,208), followed by k-means cluster analyses and a search for an optimal k. The optimal model structure was compared to Mohr/Lenert by assigning discrete severity levels to each cluster in each factor based on the cluster center. A harmonized model was created and patients were assigned to health states using both approaches; agreement rates in state assignment were then calculated. RESULTS: Five factors accounting for 56% of total variance were obtained from PCA. These factors corresponded to positive symptoms (Factor 1), negative symptoms (Factor 2), cognitive impairment (Factor 3), hostility/aggression (Factor 4), and mood disorder (Factor 5) (as in Mohr/Lenert). The optimal number of cluster states was six. The kappa statistic (95% confidence interval) for agreement in state assignment was 0.686 (0.670-0.703). CONCLUSION: The patterns of schizophrenia effects identified using clustering in two different data sets were reasonably similar. Results suggest the Mohr/Lenert health state model is potentially generalizable to other populations." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 1779 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27386054_MESH:D012559_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_MESH:D012559_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_8458_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Factor 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8458" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_MESH:D003072_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_MESH:D001523_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_MESH:D019964_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mood disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019964" } ] }, { "id": "27386054_MESH:D012559_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1576, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14972507_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Estrogen and phytoestrogen predispose to erectile dysfunction: do ER-alpha and ER-beta in the cavernosum play a role?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "14972507_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: To investigate the functional changes in rabbit penile corpus cavernosum (CC) secondary to experimental hyperestrogenism and attempt to identify sites of immunoexpression for estrogen receptor subtypes alpha and beta (ER-alpha and ER-beta) in the CC. Although the role of testosterone in sexual function has been extensively studied in clinical settings and experimental animal models, the effect of hormonal modulation/imbalance arising from estrogenic excess has not been characterized. METHODS: Eighteen New Zealand white male rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg) were divided into control and two treatment groups. The two treatment groups were given orally 0.1 mg of estradiol valerate (estradiol group) or phytoestrogen, daidzein (phytoestrogen group) daily for 12 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for hormone levels and in vitro pharmacologic studies. CC samples from untreated rabbits (n = 4) were cryosectioned and incubated with appropriate mouse monoclonal antibody for identification of ER-alpha and ER-beta. RESULTS: Through immunohistochemistry, color signals for nuclear ER-alpha and ER-beta receptors were localized within the CC. Chronic treatment with estradiol and phytoestrogen significantly reduced the systemic total testosterone levels. In organ bath experiments, relaxant responses to acetylcholine, nitroglycerin, and nitrergic transmission were significantly attenuated compared with the control response. With regard to the contractile effect, both types of estrogen treatments significantly potentiated norepinephrine-induced antierectile contraction of the CC. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that estradiol treatment and chronic exposure of phytoestrogen may cause receptor-mediated pathophysiologic changes in erectile function, leading to erectile dysfunction." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1924 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14972507_MESH:D007172_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007172" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D013739_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013739" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_9986_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rabbits" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9986" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D004958_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "estradiol valerate" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 804 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004958" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D004958_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004958" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:C004742_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "daidzein" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004742" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_9986_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rabbits" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9986" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D004958_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004958" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D013739_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013739" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D000109_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetylcholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000109" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D005996_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005996" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D009638_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1673 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D004958_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1759, 1768 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004958" } ] }, { "id": "14972507_MESH:D007172_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "erectile dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1903, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007172" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3716493_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Effect of local anesthetics on ciliary activity of the human tracheobronchial mucosa (studies in vitro)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "3716493_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The local cellular toxicity of the local anaesthetics Tetracaine, Propipocain and Lidocaine were investigated in vitro using human tracheal and bronchial epithelium. The ciliary beat of the respiratory epithelium served as an index of the cellular activity. After bronchoscopic explanting the respiratory epithelium was incubated at 37 degrees C in tissue culture medium. The special local anaesthetic drug was added in the selected concentration. The evaluation of ciliary activity was done by light microscope. All local anesthetics tested showed local cytotoxic properties depending on their concentrations. The local toxicity decreased from Tetracaine to Propipocain and Lidocaine. Already 0.1 per cent Tetracaine (20-fold dilution of the clinical concentration) and 0.25 per cent Propipocain (4-resp. 6-fold dilution of the clinical concentration) produced an irreversible stoppage of ciliary activity which may impair the pulmonary clearance. Therefore only Lidocaine is recommended for local anaesthesia of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa because of its low toxicity and its effectiveness." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 1205 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3716493_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D064420_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D013748_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tetracaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013748" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Propipocain" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D008012_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008012" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D064420_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D013748_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tetracaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013748" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Propipocain" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D008012_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 791 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008012" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D013748_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tetracaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 824 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013748" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Propipocain" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 903 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D008012_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008012" } ] }, { "id": "3716493_MESH:D064420_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1074307_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Analysis of the movement of the Arcon type and the condylar type articulator in sagittal plane (author's transl)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "1074307_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 116 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1074307_MESH:C538270_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "condylar type articulator" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538270" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24735495_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Socioeconomic and demographic factors modify the association between informal caregiving and health in the Sandwich Generation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 127 ] ] }, { "id": "24735495_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Nearly 50 million Americans provide informal care to an older relative or friend. Many are members of the \"sandwich generation\", providing care for elderly parents and children simultaneously. Although evidence suggests that the negative health consequences of caregiving are more severe for sandwiched caregivers, little is known about how these associations vary by sociodemographic factors. METHODS: We abstracted data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine how the association between caregiving and health varies by sociodemographic factors, using ordinal logistic regression with interaction terms and stratification by number of children, income, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: The association between informal caregiving and health varied by membership in the \"sandwich generation,\" income, and race/ethnicity. This association was significant among subjects with one (OR=1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.24]) and two or more children (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.09, 1.26]), but not in those without children (OR=1.01, 95% CI [0.97, 1.05]). Associations were strongest in those earning $50,000-$75,000 annually, but these income-dependent associations varied by race/ethnicity. In Whites with two or more children, the strongest associations between caregiving and health occurred in lower income individuals. These trends were not observed for Whites without children. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the added burden of caregiving for both children and elderly relatives may be impacted by income and race/ethnicity. These differences should be considered when developing culturally appropriate interventions to improve caregiver health and maintain this vital component of the US health care system." ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 1861 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24735495_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24735495_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30319366_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neural Mechanisms Involved in Mental Imagery of Slip-Perturbation While Walking: A Preliminary fMRI Study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "30319366_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Background: Behavioral evidence for cortical involvement in reactive balance control in response to environmental perturbation is established, however, the neural correlates are not known. This study aimed to examine the neural mechanisms involved in reactive balance control for recovery from slip-like perturbations using mental imagery and to evaluate the difference in activation patterns between imagined and observed slipping. Methods: Ten healthy young participants after an exposure to regular walking and slip-perturbation trial on a treadmill, performed mental imagery and observation tasks in the MR scanner. Participants received verbal instructions to imagine walking (IW), observe walking (OW), imagine slipping (IS) and observe slipping (OS) while walking. Results: Analysis using general linear model showed increased activation during IS versus IW condition in precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior, middle and transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, insula, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, pons, anterior and posterior cerebellar lobes. During IS versus OS condition, there was additional activation in parahippocampus, cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal, middle and inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusion: The findings of the current study support involvement of higher cortical and subcortical structures in reactive balance control. Greater activation during slipping could be attributed to the complexity of the sensorimotor task and increased demands to maintain postural stability during slipping as compared with regular walking. Furthermore, our findings suggest that mental imagery of slipping recruited greater neural substrates rather than observation of slipping, possibly due to increased sensory, cognitive and perceptual processing demands. New and Noteworthy: The behavioral factors contributing to falls from external perturbations while walking are better understood than neural mechanisms underlying the behavioral response. This study examines the neural activation pattern associated with reactive balance control during slip-like perturbations while walking through an fMRI paradigm. This study identified specific neural mechanisms involved in complex postural movements during sudden perturbations, to particularly determine the role of cortical structures in reactive balance control. It further highlights the specific differences in neural structures involved in regular unperturbed versus perturbed walking." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 2622 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30319366_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30319366_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30319366_MESH:C564353_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "middle frontal gyrus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C564353" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14028473_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Retinal photography using fluorescein." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 38 ] ] }, { "id": "14028473_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 39 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14028473_MESH:D019793_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluorescein" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019793" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33720904_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Current and Future Directions for Targeting Lipoxin A4 in Alzheimer's Disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "33720904_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Neuroinflammation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease onset and progression. Chronic neuroinflammation is initiated by amyloid-beta-activated microglial cells that secrete immuno-modulatory molecules within the brain and into the vasculature. Inflammation is normally self-limiting and actively resolves by \"switching off\" the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators and by non-phlogistic clearance of spent cells and their debris to restore tissue homeostasis. Deficits in these anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution pathways may predispose to the development of chronic inflammation. The synthesis of endogenous lipid mediators from arachidonic acid, lipoxins via cyclooxygenase 2 and lipoxygenases, and conversion of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, to resolvins contributes to effective, timely resolution of acute inflammation. Work by Xiuzhe et al., 2020 in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease reported that plasma level of LXA4 is related to cognitive status in ischemic stroke patients suggesting that decreased LXA4 may be a potential risk factor for post post-stroke cognitive impairment. As evident by recent clinical trials and development of drug analogues, there is recent drive to search for lipoxin analogues as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. Understanding how bioactive lipid signaling is involved in resolution will increase our understanding of controlling inflammation and may facilitate the discovery of new classes of therapeutic pro-resolution agents for evaluation in AD prevention studies." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 1665 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33720904_MESH:C040527_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lipoxin A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C040527" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D000544_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D000544_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D002908_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Chronic neuroinflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002908" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D007249_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D007249_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D016718_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arachidonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 733 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016718" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D044045_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_5743_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cyclooxygenase 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5743" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D005231_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polyunsaturated fatty acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 839 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005231" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D004281_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "docosahexaenoic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004281" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D015118_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "eicosapentaenoic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015118" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D007249_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 974 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D000544_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D002544_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D003072_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke cognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D044045_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D008055_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "33720904_MESH:D007249_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18923609_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Fabrication of ridge waveguides in zinc-substituted lithium niobate by means of ion-beam enhanced etching." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "18923609_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We present results on the fabrication and characterization of ridge waveguides in zinc-substituted lithium niobate. High-quality waveguides were fabricated by a combination of liquid-phase epitaxy and multiple applications of ion-beam enhanced etching. The two major demands on ridge waveguides, a very low side-wall roughness and a rectangle shape with side-wall angles close to 90 degrees , were realized simultaneously by using this technique. Single-mode waveguiding at a wavelength of 1064 nm was demonstrated with attenuation values of 0.9 dB/cm." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 659 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18923609_MESH:C091692_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lithium niobate" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C091692" } ] }, { "id": "18923609_MESH:C091692_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lithium niobate" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C091692" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34763593_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Novel immune targets for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "34763593_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: To overcome mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to the anti-tumor immune response, novel targets such as ICOS, LAG3, and TIM3 are currently being explored at preclinical and early-phase clinical levels. AREAS COVERED: This article examines the landscape of the immune therapeutics investigated in early-phase clinical trials for TNBC. Preclinical rationale is provided for each immune target, predominant expression, and function. Clinical implications and preliminary available trial results are discussed and finally, we reflect on aspects of future expectations and challenges in this field. EXPERT OPINION: Several immune strategies have been investigated in TNBC, including co-inhibitory molecules beyond PD1-PD-L1 axis, co-stimulatory checkpoints, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, combination therapies, as well as different routes of administration. Most of approaches showed signs of anti-cancer activity and a good safety profile in early-phase clinical trials. Since IO provided benefit only to a small subgroup of TNBC patients so far, identifying predictive biomarkers is a priority to refine patient-selection. Data from ongoing clinical trials, with the gradually improving interpretation of the breast tumor immune environment, will hopefully refine the role of new immune targets for the treatment of TNBC." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 1428 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34763593_MESH:D001943_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_29851_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ICOS" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29851" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_3902_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LAG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3902" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_84868_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TIM3" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "84868" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TNBC" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_5133_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PD1" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5133" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_29126_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PD-L1" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29126" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_MESH:D009369_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34763593_MESH:D001943_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33496271_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Do women in the Valencian Community accept self-sampling as a form of cervical cancer screening?]" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "33496271_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: The use of new devices such as the self-sampling for the determination of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), could facilitate the implementation of population screening programs and increase the participation of women. The objective of the study was to find out the women s knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer screening as well as the acceptability of self-sampling. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study by telephone survey carried out on a random sample of 389 women from 35 to 65 years of age. The women were asked about their attitudes and knowledge of the screening and preference for HPV determination by self-sampling or by a healthcare professional. RESULTS: 86.9% of the women preferred self-sampling as a screening method and 93.3% had undergone a previous cervical cytology. 51.4% of the women had a high level of knowledge about cervical cancer screening. Younger women (POR 9.26; 95% CI 1.04-24.38), higher level of education (POR 4.6; 95% CI: 1.92-11.00), and higher level of knowledge (POR 2.78; 95% CI: 1.69-9.29), presented higher preferences for the determination of HPV by self-sampling. The trend in age, educational level and knowledge was the same for the prevalence of previous cervical cytology. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance of self-testing as a method of cervical cancer screening is high among women. Efforts should be made to raise awareness among women to reduce possible inequalities in access and to encourage informed participation." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1586 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33496271_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 86 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_10566_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human Papilloma Virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10566" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_10566_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10566" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 630 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_10566_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10566" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 980 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_5447_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "POR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5447" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_10566_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10566" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_MESH:D009369_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33496271_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5291161_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Studies on post crown porcelain teeth. 3. Adaptability of upper central incisor]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "5291161_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 83 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4842648_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mosaicism of peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in females heterozygous for the Lesch-Nyhan mutation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "4842648_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 107 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4842648_MESH:D007926_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Lesch-Nyhan" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007926" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29219541_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Spatiotemporal Self-Organization of Fluctuating Bacterial Colonies." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "29219541_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We model an enclosed system of bacteria, whose motility-induced phase separation is coupled to slow population dynamics. Without noise, the system shows both static phase separation and a limit cycle, in which a rising global population causes a dense bacterial colony to form, which then declines by local cell death, before dispersing to reinitiate the cycle. Adding fluctuations, we find that static colonies are now metastable, moving between spatial locations via rare and strongly nonequilibrium pathways, whereas the limit cycle becomes almost periodic such that after each redispersion event the next colony forms in a random location. These results, which hint at some aspects of the biofilm-planktonic life cycle, can be explained by combining tools from large deviation theory with a bifurcation analysis in which the global population density plays the role of control parameter." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 959 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29219541_3094_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hint" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3094" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23032407_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the response of GABA interneurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation in the rat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 163 ] ] }, { "id": "23032407_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study examined the firing rate and pattern of electrophysiologically and chemically identified GABA interneurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and role of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the firing activity in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The interneurons in rats with lesions of the SNc showed a more burst-firing, while having no change in the firing rate; the mPFC and combined mPFC and SNc lesions in rats decreased the firing rate of the interneurons and firing pattern shifted towards a more burst-firing compared to rats with sham lesions of the SNc, respectively. In rats with sham lesions of the SNc, administration of 8-OH-DPAT (1-243 mug/kg, i.v.) produced excitatory-inhibitory, excitatory and inhibitory effects in the firing rate of individual interneurons. However, when these effects were averaged over the group, 8-OH-DPAT had no significant effect on firing rate. In rats with lesions of the SNc, mPFC and the paired lesions, 8-OH-DPAT, at the same doses, inhibited all interneurons tested, respectively. Cumulative doses producing inhibition in rats with the paired lesions were higher than that of rats with lesions of the mPFC. In contrast to rats with sham lesions of the SNc, SNc lesion reduced expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor on parvalbumin positive neurons in the DRN, a subpopulation of GABA interneurons. Our results indicate that the SNc and mPFC regulate the firing activity of GABA interneurons in the DRN. Furthermore, response of likely GABA interneurons to systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT is altered by lesion of the SNc and mPFC." ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 1841 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23032407_MESH:D005680_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GABA" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005680" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D012701_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5-HT" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D005680_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GABA" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005680" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D012701_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5-HT" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D017371_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OH-DPAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017371" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 435 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D016627_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "6-hydroxydopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016627" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 800 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D017371_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OH-DPAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017371" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D017371_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OH-DPAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1103, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017371" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D017371_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OH-DPAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017371" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1337, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1391, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mPFC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_10116_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D012701_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5-HT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1505, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_25269_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "parvalbumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25269" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D005680_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GABA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005680" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D005680_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GABA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1680, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005680" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D005680_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GABA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1742, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005680" } ] }, { "id": "23032407_MESH:D017371_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "8-OH-DPAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1790, 1799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017371" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21823617_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "9-substituted 6,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazoles as highly selective and potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "21823617_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "9-Substituted 6,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazoles were discovered as highly selective and potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors by structure-based drug design. The high target selectivity was achieved by introducing a substituent close to the E(0) region of the ATP binding site, which has a unique amino acid sequence. Among the identified inhibitors, compound 13d showed highly selective and potent inhibitory activity against ALK with an IC(50) value of 2.9 nM and strong antiproliferative activity against KARPAS-299 with an IC(50) value of 12.8 nM. The compound also displayed significant antitumor efficacy in an established ALK fusion gene-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) xenograft model in mice without body weight loss." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 914 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21823617_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "9-substituted 6,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazoles" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_11682_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "anaplastic lymphoma kinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11682" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "9-Substituted 6,6-dimethyl-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazoles" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_11682_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "anaplastic lymphoma kinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11682" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_11682_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ALK" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11682" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_MESH:D000255_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_11682_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ALK" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11682" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_11682_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ALK" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11682" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_MESH:D008223_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008223" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_10090_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "21823617_MESH:D015431_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015431" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9513045_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Genistein inhibits proliferation similarly in estrogen receptor-positive and negative human breast carcinoma cell lines characterized by P21WAF1/CIP1 induction, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 188 ] ] }, { "id": "9513045_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Genistein has been proposed to be responsible for lowering the rate of breast cancer in Asian women but the mechanism for this chemopreventive effect in vivo is unknown. In this study, we present in vitro evidence that genistein inhibits cell proliferation similarly in ER-positive and ER-negative human breast carcinoma cell lines. This inhibition is associated with specific G2/M arrest and induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. Genistein results in a five-to six-fold increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA levels and a three- to four-fold increase in protein levels, only a 1.5-fold increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 transcription but a three- to six-fold increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA stability. The increase in p21WAF1/CIP1 is followed by increased apoptosis. The similar effects of genistein on a number of breast carcinoma cell lines with different ER and p53 status suggest that the actions of genistein reported here are mediated through ER and p53 independent mechanisms. The chemopreventive effects of genistein in vivo could be mediated along an identical or similar anti-proliferative pathway." ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 1278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_2099_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "estrogen receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2099" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D001943_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "P21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D006323_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "M arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D001943_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_2069_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ER" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 461 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2069" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_2069_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ER" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2069" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D001943_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D006323_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 791 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_1026_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p21WAF1/CIP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 900 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1026" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 969 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D001943_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_2069_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ER" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2069" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_2069_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ER" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2069" } ] }, { "id": "9513045_MESH:D019833_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "genistein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019833" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23351689_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis with severe macular and optic atrophy]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "23351689_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 94 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23351689_64802_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NMNAT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64802" } ] }, { "id": "23351689_MESH:D001766_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital amaurosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001766" } ] }, { "id": "23351689_MESH:D009896_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "optic atrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009896" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16584173_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Structure of phenoxazinone synthase from Streptomyces antibioticus reveals a new type 2 copper center." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "16584173_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The multicopper oxidase phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) catalyzes the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic actinomycin D by Streptomyces antibioticus. PHS exists in two oligomeric forms: a dimeric form and a hexameric form, with older actinomycin-producing cultures containing predominately the hexameric form. The structure of hexameric PHS has been determined using X-ray diffraction to a resolution limit of 2.30 A and is found to contain several unexpected and distinctive features. The structure forms a hexameric ring that is centered on a pseudo 6-fold axis and has an outer diameter of 185 A with a large central cavity that has a diameter of 50 A. This hexameric structure is stabilized by a long loop connecting two domains; bound to this long loop is a fifth copper atom that is present as a type 2 copper. This copper atom is not present in any other multicopper oxidase, and its presence appears to stabilize the hexameric structure." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 1064 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16584173_MESH:C020456_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phenoxazinone" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C020456" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_1890_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Streptomyces antibioticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1890" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003300_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003609_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "actinomycin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003609" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_1890_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Streptomyces antibioticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1890" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003609_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "actinomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003609" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003300_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003300_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 934 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "16584173_MESH:D003300_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 941, 947 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24004606_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficacy of a combined physical and occupational therapy intervention in patients with subacute neuralgic amyotrophy: a pilot study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 132 ] ] }, { "id": "24004606_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Neuralgic Amyotrophy (NA) is characterized by neuropathic pain, subsequent patchy paresis and possible sensory loss in the upper extremity. Many patients experience difficulties in performing activities of daily life and are unable to resume work. We developed a combined physical- and occupational therapy program for patients recovering from NA. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intervention program for patients with subacute NA. METHODS: We performed a within subject proof-of-principle pilot study in eight patients with subacute NA. Patients followed 8 hours of physical and 8 hours of occupational therapy spread over a 16-week period. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ). SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH). RESULTS: Improvements (mean (95% CI)) were found in the performance and satisfaction scores of the COPM +2.3 (0.9-3.7) and +1.4 (0.4-2.4) points, respectively and the SRQ +14.8 (7.4-22.0) points. The majority of patients (6 out of 8) also demonstrated improvements in the DASH. CONCLUSION: The proposed physical and occupational therapy program, may be effective for patients with subacute NA, as demonstrated by improvements in activity, performance and participation." ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 1481 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24004606_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_MESH:D020968_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuralgic amyotrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020968" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_MESH:D020968_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Neuralgic Amyotrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020968" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_MESH:D009437_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009437" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_MESH:D012678_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sensory loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012678" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 698 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SRQ +" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24004606_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1904837_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Detection of novel sequence heterogeneity and haplotypic diversity of HLA class II genes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "1904837_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Nucleic acid sequences of the second exons of HLA-DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQB1, and -DQA1 genes were determined from 43 homozygous cell lines, representing each of the known class II haplotypes, and from 30 unrelated Caucasian subjects, comprising 60 haplotypes. This systematic sequence analysis was undertaken in order to a) determine the existence of sequence microheterogeneity among cell lines which type as identical by methods other than sequencing; b) determine whether direct sequencing of class II genes will identify the presence of more extensive sequence polymorphism at the population level than that identified with other typing methods; c) accurately determine the molecular composition of the known class II haplotypes; and d) study their evolutionary relatedness by maximum parsimony analysis. The identification of seven previously unidentified haplotypes carrying five new allelic amino acid sequences suggests that sequence microheterogeneity at the population level may be more frequent than previously thought. Maximum parsimony analysis of these haplotypes allowed their evolutionary classification and indicates that the higher mutation rate at DRB1 compared to DQB1 loci in most haplotypic groups is inversed in specific haplotype lineages. Furthermore, the extent and localization of gene conversions and point mutations at class II loci in the evolution of these haplotypes is significantly different at each locus. Identification of additional HLA class II molecular microheterogeneity suggests that direct sequence analysis of class II HLA genes can uncover new allelic sequences in the population and may represent a useful alternative to current typing methodologies to study the effects of sequence allelism in organ transplantation." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 1850 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1904837_3123_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HLA" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3123" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3123_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HLA-DRB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3123" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3117_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DQA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3117" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3123_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DRB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3123" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3119_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DQB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3119" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3123_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HLA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3123" } ] }, { "id": "1904837_3123_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HLA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3123" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3616685_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Supplier-induced demand for physiotherapy in the Netherlands." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "3616685_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Empirical studies of supplier-induced demand in health care have mostly concentrated on the analysis of physician behaviour. In this article, the focus is on the economic determinants of physiotherapist behaviour in The Netherlands. It is shown that relative prices work as strong incentives to alter the mix of services supplied, conform to the model of revenue maximization under a production constraint. However, the time-series analysis also gives some indication that this ability to influence the demand for their services to increase hourly income is not fully exploited. The latter finding is inconsistent with pure income maximization but rather points to a trade-off between loss of revenue and demand manipulation. The fact that the choice of therapy varies with the pressure on provider incomes does not cast some doubt on the appropriateness of the chosen patterns of treatment in terms of effectiveness." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 979 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8979127_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Management of venous thromboembolism: optimization by clinical trials." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "8979127_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Antithrombotic therapy is mandatory in most patients with venous thrombosis. The results of randomized trials have established the requirement for initial treatment with heparin and have determined the optimal anticoagulant regimen for secondary prophylaxis. Recent studies have demonstrated that low molecular weight heparins, that have improved pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties over standard heparin, are effective and safe in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Two large randomized clinical trials have shown the feasibility of the outpatient treatment of patients with acute deep vein thrombosis with low molecular weight heparins. Home therapy will result in improved clinical utility of anticoagulant treatment and in cost savings." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 824 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8979127_MESH:D054556_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "venous thromboembolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054556" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D020246_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "venous thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020246" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D006493_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006493" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D006495_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "low molecular weight heparins" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006495" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D006493_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006493" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D020246_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020246" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 654 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D013927_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013927" } ] }, { "id": "8979127_MESH:D006495_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "low molecular weight heparins" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006495" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9919262_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Public relations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "id": "9919262_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 18 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19290076_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The use of recombinant activated factor VII in platelet disorders: a critical review of the literature." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "19290076_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 104 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19290076_MESH:D001791_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "platelet disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001791" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26922578_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Serum-based protein biomarkers of bladder cancer: A pre- and post-operative evaluation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "26922578_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with alarming mortality. Shortcomings of urine cytology and cystoscopy and sparse improvements in the survival rate prompt us to evolve surrogate serum based protein biomarkers to identify BC at an early stage. Previously, we showed that aberrant expression of S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) and Annexin V proteins in pre-operative BC serum compared to healthy controls (HC) (Clin Chim Acta, 2014; 36: 97-103). Here we further evaluate and validate these findings with follow-up post-operative BC patients. This study was conducted on 160 sera samples comprising healthy controls (HC, n=52), pre-operative (n=55) and post-operative (n=53) BC patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to appraise the aberrantly expressed proteins. ELISA results revealed that the expression levels of S100A8, S100A9, S100A4, and CA I were gradually and significantly reduced; concomitantly, Annexin V was progressively and significantly increased in post-operative compared to pre-operative BC sera samples. Serum protein biomarkers appear to be an encouraging and least-invasive approach for BC identification and prognosticating patient outcomes." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1329 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Urinary bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D003643_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6275_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6275" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6279_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A8" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6279" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6280_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A9" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6280" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_759_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "carbonic anhydrase I" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 463 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "759" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_759_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CA I" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "759" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_308_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Annexin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "308" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 675 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 820 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6279_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A8" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6279" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6280_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A9" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 996 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6280" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_6275_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "S100A4" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6275" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_759_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CA I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "759" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_308_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Annexin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "308" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_MESH:D001749_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26922578_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12463758_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The lipoamide dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis permits the direct observation of flavin intermediates in catalysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "12463758_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Lipoamide dehydrogenase catalyses the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of the dihydrolipoyl cofactors that are covalently attached to the acyltransferase components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and glycine reductase multienzyme complexes. It contains a tightly, but noncovalently, bound FAD and a redox-active disulfide, which cycle between the oxidized and reduced forms during catalysis. The mechanism of reduction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoamide dehydrogenase by NADH and [4S-(2)H]-NADH was studied anaerobically at 4 degrees C and pH 7.5 by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Three phases of enzyme reduction were observed. The first phase, characterized by a decrease in absorbance at 400-500 nm and an increase in absorbance at 550-700 nm, was fast (k(for) = 1260 s(-)(1), k(rev) = 590 s(-)(1)) and represents the formation of FADH(2).NAD(+), an intermediate that has never been observed before in any wild-type lipoamide dehydrogenase. A primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect [(D)(k(for) + k(rev)) approximately 4.2] was observed on this phase. The second phase, characterized by regain of the absorbance at 400-500 nm, loss of the 550-700 nm absorbance, and gain of 500-550 nm absorbance, was slower (k(obs) = 200 s(-)(1)). This phase represents the intramolecular transfer of electrons from FADH(2) to the redox-active disulfide to generate the anaerobically stable two-electron reduced enzyme, EH(2). The third phase, characterized by a decrease in absorbance at 400-550 nm, represents the formation of the four-electron reduced form of the enzyme, EH(4). The observed rate constant for this phase showed a decreasing NADH concentration dependence, and results from the slow (k(for) = 57 s(-)(1), k(rev) = 128 s(-)(1)) isomerization of EH(2) or slow release of NAD(+) before rapid NADH binding and reaction to form EH(4). The mechanism of oxidation of EH(2) by NAD(+) was also investigated under the same conditions. The 530 nm charge-transfer absorbance of EH(2) shifted to 600 nm upon NAD(+) binding in the dead time of mixing of the stopped-flow instrument and represents formation of the EH(2).NAD(+) complex. This was followed by two phases. The first phase (k(obs) = 750 s(-)(1)), characterized by a small decrease in absorbance at 435 and 458 nm, probably represents limited accumulation of FADH(2).NAD(+). The second phase was characterized by an increase in absorbance at 435 and 458 nm and a decrease in absorbance at 530 and 670 nm. The observed rate constant that describes this phase of approximately 115 s(-)(1) probably represents the overall rate of formation of E(ox) and NADH from EH(2) and NAD(+), and is largely determined by the slower rates of the coupled sequence of reactions preceding flavin oxidation." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 2909 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12463758_1773_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1773" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:C024132_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024132" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D000544_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "FAD" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D004220_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "disulfide" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 479 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004220" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_1773_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 610 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1773" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "[4S-(2)H]-NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D003903_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deuterium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1122, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D004220_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "disulfide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004220" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1800, 1804 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1943, 1949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1963, 1967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EH(2)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2034, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2043, 2049 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2169, 2175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2280, 2286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2488, 2494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2771, 2775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EH(2)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2781, 2786 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:D009243_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD(+)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2791, 2797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "12463758_MESH:C024132_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2892, 2898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024132" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29675785_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neuronal autophagy and axon degeneration." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "29675785_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Axon degeneration is a pathophysiological process of axonal dying and breakdown, which is characterized by several morphological features including the accumulation of axoplasmic organelles, disassembly of microtubules, and fragmentation of the axonal cytoskeleton. Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal-degradation machinery responsible for the control of cellular protein quality, is widely believed to be essential for the maintenance of axonal homeostasis in neurons. In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy is associated with axonal degeneration in many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the core machinery of autophagy in neuronal cells, and provide several major steps that interfere with autophagy flux in neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential role of neuronal autophagy in axon degeneration, and presents some possible molecular mechanisms by which dysfunctional autophagy leads to axon degeneration in pathological conditions." ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 1070 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009410_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "axon degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009461_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysfunctional" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009410_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "axonal degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D019636_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurodegenerative diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019636" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009410_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "axon degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009461_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysfunctional" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "29675785_MESH:D009410_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "axon degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009410" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34866755_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Paradoxes of indigeneity: identity, the state, and the economy in Indonesia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "34866755_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Contributing to recent debates on indigeneity, this article investigates contradictions of indigeneity, especially the \"indigenous paradox,\" that is, the formation of indigeneity through claiming sovereignty and autonomy from the state by acknowledging the very state and its laws as the framework for those claims, in the context of Indonesia. After analyzing how indigeneity came into existence in the Indonesian context, this article sheds light on the process of indigenous recognition in the Duri highlands, South Sulawesi. It is argued that the contradictions of indigeneity concern not only indigenous-state relations, but also narratives on tradition and history, and most of all, economic contradictions. It is the recognition of the overall framework of capitalism and the state which makes possible the emergence of alternative local economies based upon solidarity. Drawing on Louis Althusser's concept of overdetermination, this article suggests that indigeneity shapes the way how economic contradictions are expressed, and while it provides local spaces for alternative economies, indigeneity is also prone to being incorporated into the logics of capitalism." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 1251 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7700950_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Blockade by ginseng total saponin of the development of cocaine induced reverse tolerance and dopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 137 ] ] }, { "id": "7700950_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Daily repeated administration of cocaine (15 mg/kg, over a 7-day period) developed reverse tolerance to the ambulation-accelerating effect of cocaine. Intraperitoneal administration of ginseng total saponin (GTS, 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight) prior to and during chronic administration of cocaine inhibited the development of reverse tolerance. Dopamine receptor supersensitivity was also developed in reverse tolerant mice that had received the same cocaine. The development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity was evidenced by the enhanced hypothermic response to apomorphine (1 mg/kg) and the enhanced ambulatory activity of apomorphine (4 mg/kg). GTS also prevented the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity induced by the chronic administration of cocaine. These results provide that GTS may be useful for the prevention and therapy of the adverse action of cocaine. It is concluded that the development of reverse tolerance to the ambulation-accelerating effect of cocaine may be associated with the enhanced dopamine receptor sensitivity because both phenomena were blocked by GTS." ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 1244 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7700950_4054_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D012503_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "saponin" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012503" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D004298_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_10090_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 178 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_4054_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D012503_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "saponin" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012503" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D004298_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_10090_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D004298_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D007035_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypothermic" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007035" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D001058_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "apomorphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001058" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D001058_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "apomorphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 783 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001058" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D004298_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_-_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D003042_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_MESH:D004298_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "7700950_-_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20093885_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A long, fulfilling professional career: a very personal view." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "20093885_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 62 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31388266_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Spectrum of Hemoglobinopathies: A New Revelation in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Odisha." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "31388266_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The prevalence of different types of hemoglobinopathies and its spectrum in Odisha state is believed to be high, but its exact prevalence is not known due to lack of large population based study. The present study was undertaken to know the magnitude and spectrum of hemoglobinopathies among the patients attending tertiary care centre for evaluation of anemia. All the patients of various age group without any history of blood transfusion preceding 3 months of period attending the Clinical Hematology Department of SCB Medical College, Cuttack for evaluation of anemia were included in this 10 year prospective study. Detail history, clinical examination followed by blood sample examination including by HPLC/CzE were done in all cases. Other investigations were done as per need of evaluation of anemia. Out of 21,371 patients with anemia, hemoglobinopathies was detected in 10,745 (50.2%) cases. The profile of hemoglobinopathy was as follows: HbS gene in 52.48% cases, betathalassemia in 54.06% and HbE hemoglobinopathies in 9.19% cases. Hemoglobinopathy was detected in very high percentage (50.2%) of cases in our centre. Various types of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell hemoglobinopathies were two major types (54.06% and 52.48% respectively). This needs to be confirmed by large population based study." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1402 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemoglobinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemoglobinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D000740_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000740" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D000740_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000740" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D000740_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 895 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000740" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D000740_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 931 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000740" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemoglobinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemoglobinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HbE hemoglobinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hemoglobinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D013789_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thalassemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013789" } ] }, { "id": "31388266_MESH:D006453_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemoglobinopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006453" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14153551_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[STATISTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ANAL DISEASES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "14153551_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14153551_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "INFANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "14153551_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "CHILDREN" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14223380_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[SUBAORTIC STENOSIS CAUSED BY IDIOPATHIC MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "14223380_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 64 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18719794_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Functional limitation and survival of community dwelling elderly]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "18719794_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to analyze the functional limitation as risk factor of death of elderly dwelling in a community and its relationship with socio-demographic, physical health and neuropsychiatric related factors. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in the city of Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A total of 310 randomly selected elderly formed the baseline (63.5% women, 73.7+/-9.03 years). The Katz Index was used to evaluate the functional capacity for basic activities of daily living. The follow-up period was of 53 months. The statistical methods used were bivariate analysis (Pearson's chi-square), survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meyer method, followed by Cox regression in multivariate analysis, with the respective hazards ratios (HR). RESULTS: A total of 60 elderly (20.5%) died during the study follow-up; the main cause of death was cardiovascular disease. The mean survival time was of about 24.8 months, and the main risk factors identified at Cox regression were cognitive deficit (HR= 4.30) and stroke (HR= 3.49) besides the dependence for the basic activities of daily living (HR = 3.17). CONCLUSION: The functional limitation was an independent risk factor for death." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 1287 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18719794_MESH:D003643_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 942 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_MESH:D002318_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 969 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_MESH:D003072_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cognitive deficit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_MESH:D020521_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "18719794_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3782596_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Malignant blue nevus." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "id": "3782596_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 22 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17999705_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Caxton, computers and citation: a long road to refining the electronic or virtual journal." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "17999705_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 91 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36454482_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate: a review of their roles in forensic toxicology analysis of alcohol postmortem." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "36454482_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: This review presents the current methods used for determining ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) concentrations in postmortem specimens, including sample preparation, analysis and the role of EtG and EtS in the postmortem assessment of the extent of alcohol abuse. METHODS: Papers pertaining to postmortem investigation were collected from scientific databases and reviewed. The papers were published between January 2006 and October 2020. RESULTS: Most of the analyses involved postmortem blood and urine samples, with a few reports using other bodily specimens and tissues. The method validation was not conducted for all applications. These reports were mostly intended to present data rather than interpret them, and the lack of effort in relating these ethanol biomarkers with the cause of death and/or determination of the time of deaths due to ethanol intoxication might decrease the applicability of these makers after a promising start between 2006 and 2010. Nevertheless, by the beginning of 2020, papers investigating ethanol biomarkers were still increasing. A considerable number of methods used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques that require less sample preparation (e.g., protein precipitation extraction, dilution, filtration, and centrifugation). Although solid-phase extraction can be applied, only three applications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Matrix effects can be a substantial challenge in analytical methods based on LC-MS because they directly affect the ionization of analytes. However, these problems can be avoided due to the high cutoff values used to identify positive results for these ethanol biomarkers, which are often above 0.1-1 mg/L, and using internal standards. Research on using tissue specimens is recommended as most of the reported results on this type of specimen were promising." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 1999 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36454482_MESH:C093924_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ethyl glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C093924" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C011612_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethyl sulfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C011612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000431_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C093924_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethyl glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C093924" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C526612_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EtG" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C526612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C011612_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethyl sulfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C011612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C526612_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EtS" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C526612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C526612_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EtG" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C526612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:C526612_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EtS" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C526612" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000437_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol abuse" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 401 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000437" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000431_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 903 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D003643_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 938 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D003643_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 981 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000431_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 996 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000431_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "36454482_MESH:D000431_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1793, 1800 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3862541_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Strength properties of dental ceramics]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "3862541_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 42 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13645737_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Incorporation of DL-lysine-2-C14 into melanin pigment of turkey poult feathers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "13645737_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 80 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13645737_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DL-lysine-2-C14" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "13645737_9103_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "turkey" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9103" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33280648_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Internalherniationof colon ascendens and terminal ileumthrough the foramenof Winslow]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "33280648_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This is a case report of a 90-year-old woman with non-specific, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and normal laboratory results. An ultrasound scan of the abdomen showed no sign of cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. Due to persisting pain a CT was performed, and it showed an internal herniation of caecum, terminal ileum and colon ascendens through the foramen of Winslow. An explorative laparotomy was performed with a gentle retraction of the involved bowels, without any resection." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 577 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33280648_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33280648_MESH:D015746_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "upper abdominal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015746" } ] }, { "id": "33280648_MESH:D009325_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "33280648_MESH:D014839_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014839" } ] }, { "id": "33280648_MESH:D002769_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cholelithiasis or cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002769" } ] }, { "id": "33280648_MESH:D010146_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19936410_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Traditional healers as caregivers to HIV/AIDS clients and other terminally challenged persons in Kanye community home-based care programme (CHBC), Botswana." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 156 ] ] }, { "id": "19936410_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The research study done at the Kanye village of Botswana was qualitative in design and exploratory in nature. While the broad goal aimed at assessing the contributions of caregivers in the Kanye CHBC programme, this article aims at evaluating the traditional Healers' contribution as providers of care to HIV/AIDS patients and other chronically ill persons. The study conveniently involved all the 140 registered caregivers in the Kanye programme, but with only 82 caregivers turning up for focus group discussions. The caregivers were grouped in 10 focus group discussions, and all of the 5 CHBC nurses were subjected to one-on-one interviews. Both the focus group discussions and one-on-one interviews with the nurses used two slightly different interview schedules as data collection instruments. The study findings revealed that traditional healers are important players in caregiving of persons with various ailments but their role, position and contribution in the battle against HIV/AIDS is fast waning with time. The government has been challenged to map out strategies of collaboration between the two systems as traditional healers can complement the services of biomedical practitioners in this era of HIV/AIDS." ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 1379 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19936410_MESH:D015658_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D000163_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D015658_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D000163_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 479 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D015658_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D000163_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D015658_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "19936410_MESH:D000163_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1374, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2943364_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Combined effects of cis-DDP and OK-432 on ascitic mastocytoma in mice: optimal period for the administration of OK-432]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "2943364_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Combined effects of cis-DDP and OK-432 on the ascites mastocytoma was studied in mice laying emphasis on the best timing for the administration of the OK-432. Mice were transplanted with FMA3 mastocytoma cells into the abdominal cavity at a dose of 10(5) cells per mouse. They were injected with cis-DDP next day at a single shot of 8 mg/kg in the abdominal cavity. A streptococcal preparation, OK-432, was i.p. injected two times at intervals of one week at a dose of 50 KE/kg per injection. The pair of injections started 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 weeks after the transplantation. Mean survival time (M. S. T.) of mice was 16.8, 16.2 and 52.3 in the groups of mice nontreated, given OK-432 alone, and given cis-DDP alone, respectively. In comparison of M. S. T. within the groups of mice treated with the combination of cis-DDP and OK-432, the highest value was observed in the group which was given OK-432 between 3 and 4 weeks after the transplantation." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1069 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2943364_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cis-DDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_MESH:D001201_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ascitic mastocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001201" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cis-DDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_MESH:D001201_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ascites mastocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001201" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_MESH:D034801_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mastocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D034801" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cis-DDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cis-DDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 897, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "2943364_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cis-DDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12032439_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Acute renal failure: pathogenesis, diagnosis and conservative treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "12032439_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as a rapid, sudden onset deterioration of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, GFR) with the ensuing accumulation of uraemic waste products. Frequently, the impairment of GFR is accompanied by the impossibility to maintain acid-base, electrolyte, and fluid balance; in about 2/3 of cases, patients with ARF will develop oliguria (defined as urine output <500 ml/day). Generally, ARF is a frequent complication, particularly amongst hospitalised patients. In patients requiring treatment in intensive care units, its incidence can be as high as 30%. Moreover, ARF remains to be associated with a high mortality of 50-70%, particularly in patients requiring renal replacement therapy. On the other hand, ARF is typically reversible; less than 5% of survivors will require chronic renal replacement therapy. Thus, the major focus of treating these patients is the prevention of uraemic complications. This can be reached by adequate conservative treatment measures, or, if necessary, by adequate and effective renal replacement therapy with which the time to spontaneous renal recovery must be bridged. In addition to the discussion of treatment standards for established ARF, the present review article will discuss potential strategies for the prevention of ARF in patients at high risk to develop renal failure." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 1428 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Acute renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Acute renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deterioration of renal function" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9771_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9771" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9771_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9771" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D009846_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "oliguria" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009846" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D058186_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1374, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058186" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1381, 1389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12032439_MESH:D051437_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051437" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31146751_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Modeling the effect of intratumoral heterogeneity of radiosensitivity on tumor response over the course of fractionated radiation therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "31146751_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Standard radiobiology theory of radiation response assumes a uniform innate radiosensitivity of tumors. However, experimental data show that there is significant intratumoral heterogeneity of radiosensitivity. Therefore, a model with heterogeneity was developed and tested using existing experimental data to show the potential effects from the presence of an intratumoral distribution of radiosensitivity on radiation therapy response over a protracted radiation therapy treatment course. METHODS: The standard radiation response curve was modified to account for a distribution of radiosensitivity, and for variations in the repopulation rates of the tumor cell subpopulations. Experimental data from the literature were incorporated to determine the boundaries of the model. The proposed model was then used to show the changes in radiosensitivity of the tumor during treatment, and the effects of fraction size, alpha/beta ratio and variation of the repopulation rates of tumor cells. RESULTS: In the presence of an intratumoral distribution of radiosensitivity, there is rapid selection of radiation-resistant cells over a course of fractionated radiation therapy. Standard treatment fractionation regimes result in the near-complete replacement of the initial population of sensitive cells with a population of more resistant cells. Further, as treatment progresses, the tumor becomes more resistant to further radiation treatment, making each fractional dose less efficacious. A wider initial distribution induces increased radiation resistance. Hypofractionation is more efficient in a heterogeneous tumor, with increased cell kill for biologically equivalent doses, while inducing less resistance. The model also shows that a higher growth rate in resistant cells can account for the accelerated repopulation that is seen during the clinical treatment of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling of tumor cell survival with radiosensitivity heterogeneity alters the predicted tumor response, and explains the induction of radiation resistance by radiation treatment, the development of accelerated repopulation, and the potential beneficial effects of hypofractionation. Tumor response to treatment may be better predicted by assaying for the distribution of radiosensitivity, or the extreme of the radiosensitivity, rather than measuring the initial, general radiation sensitivity of the untreated tumor." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 2556 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 593 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha/beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1635, 1636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1743, 1744 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1759, 1764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_351_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1884, 1885 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "351" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2015, 2023 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 2050, 2055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 2127, 2132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31146751_MESH:D009369_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 2550, 2555 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14506076_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Troglitazone acts by PPARgamma and PPARgamma-independent pathways on LLC-PK1-F+ acid-base metabolism." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "14506076_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Troglitazone was studied in pH-sensitive LLC-PK1-F+ cells to determine the effect on pHi and glutamine metabolism as well as the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma)-dependent and PPARgamma-independent signaling pathways. Troglitazone induces a dose-dependent cellular acidosis that occurs within 4 min and persists over 18 h as a result of inhibiting Na+/H+ exchanger-mediated acid extrusion. Cellular acidosis was associated with glutamine-dependent augmented [15N]ammonium production and decreased [15N]alanine formation from 15N-labeled glutamine. The shift in glutamine metabolism from alanine to ammoniagenesis appears within 3 h and is associated after 18 h with both a reduction in assayable alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as well as cellular acidosis. The relative contribution of troglitazone-induced cellular acidosis vs. the decrease in assayable ALT activity to alanine production could be demonstrated. The PPARgamma antagonist bisphenol A diglycide ether (BADGE) reversed both the troglitazone-induced cellular acidosis and ammoniagenesis but enhanced the troglitazone reduction of assayable ALT activity; BADGE also blocked troglitazone induction of peroxisome proliferator response element-driven firefly luciferase activity. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine mimics troglitazone effects, whereas phorbol ester reverses the effects on ammoniagenesis consistent with troglitazone negatively regulating the DAG/PKC/ERK pathway. Although functional PPARgamma signaling occurs in this cell line, the major troglitazone-induced acid-base responses appear to be mediated by pathway(s) involving PKC/ERK." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1768 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_CVCL_0391;NCBITaxID:9823_3", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "LLC-PK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0391;NCBITaxID:9823" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_CVCL_0391;NCBITaxID:9823_5", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "LLC-PK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0391;NCBITaxID:9823" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D005973_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005973" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000138_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000138_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D005973_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005973" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "[15N]ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000409_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000409" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "15N" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D005973_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005973" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D005973_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005973" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000409_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000409" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_2875_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alanine aminotransferase" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2875" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000138_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 896 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000138_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000409_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000409" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:C543008_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bisphenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C543008" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_-_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diglycide ether" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000138_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:C016299_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chelerythrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C016299" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D010703_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phorbol ester" ], "offsets": [ [ 1468, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010703" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_-_35", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DAG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1576, 1579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5594_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5594" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5468_37", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1617, 1626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5468" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_MESH:D000077288_38", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "troglitazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077288" } ] }, { "id": "14506076_5594_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5594" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15125879_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Is growth hormone stimulation testing in children still appropriate?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "15125879_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) historically has relied on measurement of growth hormone (GH) concentrations following stimulation, usually with a non-physiologic provocative agent. Despite the use of more specific GH assays, the peak concentration of GH below which a child is considered GH deficient has risen. We examine the pitfalls associated with GH stimulation tests, specifically, the lack of reliability and accuracy of these tests, and their inability to predict who will benefit from GH therapy. We recommend that GH stimulation tests no longer routinely be used for the diagnosis of GHD in children." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 697 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15125879_2688_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_MESH:D004393_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "growth hormone deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004393" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_MESH:D004393_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004393" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_2688_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_MESH:D004393_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004393" } ] }, { "id": "15125879_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5375686_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Mechanism of some water-excretory disorders of the kidney in renal tuberculosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "5375686_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5375686_MESH:D007674_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "water-excretory disorders of the kidney in renal tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007674" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6184470_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Diagnostic tests and prognostic indicators in acute pancreatitis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "6184470_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 66 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6184470_MESH:D010195_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4125006_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Socrates on clinical excellence." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "id": "4125006_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 33 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33441844_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "RNA interference of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalase genes regulates chitin metabolism in two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 149 ] ] }, { "id": "33441844_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalase (TRE) directly regulate trehalose metabolism and indirectly regulate chitin metabolism in insects. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) were used to detect the expressions and functions of the ApTPS and ApTRE genes. Abnormal phenotypes were found after RNAi of ApTRE in the Acyrthosiphon pisum. The molting deformities were observed in two color morphs, while wing deformities were only observed in the red morphs. The RNAi of ApTPS significantly down-regulated the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes, UDP-N-acetyglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (ApUAP), chitin synthase 2 (Apchs-2), Chitinase 2, 5 (ApCht2, 5), endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ApENGase) and chitin deacetylase (ApCDA) genes at 24 h and 48 h; The RNAi of ApTRE significantly down-regulated the expression of ApUAP, ApCht1, 2, 8 and ApCDA at 24 h and 48 h, and up-regulated the expression of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (ApGPI) and Knickkopf protein (ApKNK) genes at 48 h. The RNAi of ApTRE and ApTPS not only altered the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes but also decreased the content of chitin. These results demonstrated that ApTPS and ApTRE can regulate the chitin metabolism, deepen our understanding of the biological functions, and provide a foundation for better understanding the molecular mechanism of insect metamorphosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 1553 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33441844_MESH:D014199_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trehalose" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014199" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "6-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_100166604_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "trehalase" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100166604" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D002686_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitin" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002686" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D000072042_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072042" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_100166604_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "trehalase" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100166604" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_100166604_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRE" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100166604" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D014199_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trehalose" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014199" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D002686_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitin" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002686" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_7029_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Acyrthosiphon pisum" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "7029" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D009140_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deformities" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009140" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_MESH:D009140_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deformities" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 605 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009140" } ] }, { "id": "33441844_100161161_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "glucose-6-phosphate isomerase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "100161161" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9806974_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of IS900 gene of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis on Mycobacterium smegmatis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "9806974_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is mycobactin dependent and contains multiple copies of the IS900 gene that encodes for p43 (46.5K protein). The correlation between the two characteristics has been investigated. A 3.2-kb BamHI fragment from M. paratuberculosis containing the 1.451 kb IS900 gene was cloned in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis with pcDNA II and pNEZ6.3 plasmids, respectively. Surprisingly, the recombinant M. smegmatis grew poorly and slower in 7H9 broth supplemented with OADC (12 day) compared with M. smegmatis wild type or to M. smegmatis transformed with pNEZ6.3 (2 day). The growth rate of the recombinant M. smegmatis was restored by the addition of 2.4 microM ferric mycobactin J to the media. There was no effect on the growth rate of E. coli recombinants. Western blot analysis with p43-specific anti-peptide antibodies resulted in the expression of 46.5K and a cleaved form of 33.5K protein bands in the recombinant E. coli. There was no expression in the recombinant M. smegmatis. A lower expression of 33. 5K protein band was detected in the native M. paratuberculosis protein. The nucleotide sequence of the 3.2-kb fragment confirmed the presence of p43-encoded ORF. There was no additional encoding sequence in the fragment. This suggests that the IS900 gene and/or its encoding products are involved in mycobactin dependency and possibly the slow growth rate of M. paratuberculosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 1509 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9806974_1770_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1770" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1770_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1770" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1770_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. paratuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1770" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_562_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ferric mycobactin J" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_562_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 862 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_562_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1772_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. smegmatis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1772" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1770_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. paratuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1770" } ] }, { "id": "9806974_1770_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. paratuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1770" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4696866_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The relationship between the atrial systole-ventricular systole interval and left ventricular function." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "4696866_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 104 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4696866_MESH:D054143_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial systole-ventricular systole interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054143" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34034232_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Understanding Injury and Injury Prevention in Para Sport Athletes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "34034232_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CONTEXT: Training loads, injury, and injury prevention in the Para sports population has not been well established. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to survey elite-level swimming, cycling, and athletic Para sport athletes in the United States who were competing in the 2016 US Paralympic trials to better understand common injuries among athletes in each sport and to determine whether injury prevention programs were being utilized. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, survey study. SETTING: The 2016 US Paralympic trials for swimming, cycling, and athletics. PARTICIPANTS: Athletes who competed in swimming, cycling, and/or athletics at the 2016 US Paralympic trials (N = 144; 83 males and 61 females). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed electronic survey using Qualtrics XM (Qualtrics, Provo, UT) with questions pertaining to average number of hours trained per week, number of cross-training hours performed each week, descriptive information regarding sport-related injuries, pain, whether athletes received treatment for injuries, and descriptive information regarding whether the athletes had participated in an injury prevention program. RESULTS: Over 64% of respondents reported training greater than or equal to 11 hours per week, and 45% of athletes reported spending greater than or equal to 6 hours per week cross-training. Forty-two percent of athletes reported currently having pain with 34% reporting missing a competition because of injury. Only 24% of respondents reported having participated in an injury prevention program. CONCLUSIONS: Many Para sport athletes train at similar durations as able-bodied counterparts and have pain that interferes with their ability to train and compete, however, only a small percentage consistently perform injury prevention programs." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 1865 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34034232_MESH:D014947_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Injury and Injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "34034232_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PARTICIPANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 638 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34034232_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34034232_MESH:D010146_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "34034232_MESH:D010146_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "34034232_MESH:D010146_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1722, 1726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4048582_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Presentation of a case of a silent genetic cholinesterase variant]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "4048582_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4048582_590_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cholinesterase" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "590" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30527463_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Phospho-Sphingosine Kinase 1 Expression in Lymphatic Spread of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "30527463_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Lymphatic spread is the main mode of progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator, which produced by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) activated by phosphorylation. The SphK1-S1P axis has a crucial role in lymphangiogenesis. However, the significance of phospho-SphK1 (pSphK1) in the progression of ESCC has not been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated pSphK1 expression in 92 surgically resected tumor tissues of ESCC by the immunohistochemistry. Fifty-nine (64%) patients with moderate or strong expression and 33 (36%) with negative or weak expression were classified in the pSphK1-high and pSphK1-low groups, respectively. RESULTS: Higher pathological N category (pN) was more frequently observed in the pSphK1-high group (P < 0.01). The median number of lymph node metastasis (pSphK1-high: 2 versus pSphK1-low: 0; P < 0.01), the proportion of patients with lymphatic invasion (69% versus 18%; P < 0.01) and that with intramural metastasis (27% versus 3%; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the pSphK1-high group. The presence of lymphatic invasion (odds ratio [OR] 5.63; P < 0.01) and pN1-3 (OR 3.26; P = 0.04) were independently associated with high pSphK1 expression. The 5-y overall survival rate of the pSphK1-high group was significantly lower than that of the pSphK1-low group (50.8% versus 67.3%; P = 0.01). High pSphK1 expression was not identified as a significant independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first evidence of the association between high expression of pSphK1 and both lymphatic spread and patient outcomes in ESCC." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1776 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30527463_8877_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Sphingosine Kinase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8877" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D002294_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002294" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D000077277_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "esophageal squamous cell carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077277" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D000077277_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077277" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:C060506_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sphingosine-1-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:C060506_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S1P" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D008055_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_8877_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sphingosine kinase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8877" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_8877_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SphK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8877" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_8877_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SphK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8877" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_8877_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SphK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8877" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D000077277_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077277" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 613 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D000077277_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077277" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1751, 1758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30527463_MESH:D000077277_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1771, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077277" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17277319_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state in a young child: diagnostic insights from a quantitative analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "17277319_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This teaching exercise demonstrates how the application of principles of physiology can identify the cause of a severe degree of hyperglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration 80 mmol/l) in a very young patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, determine whether the patient has diabetic ketoacidosis, and highlight the potential risks for this patient on admission and during initial therapy. A consultation with Professor McCance was sought to determine whether this patient had an unusual degree of 'insulin resistance'. There were also uncertainties regarding the acid-base diagnosis. The patient did not appear to have an important degree of metabolic acidosis as judged from his pH of 7.39 and plasma bicarbonate concentration of 20 mmol/l in arterial blood; hence the diagnostic impression was that he had a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state. However, his plasma anion gap was significantly elevated, and remained so for 60 h, despite the administration of insulin. Issues in management concerning the basis for this severe degree of hyperglycaemia and how to minimize the risk of developing cerebral oedema are addressed. The missing links in this interesting story emerge during a discussion between the medical team and their mentor, Professor McCance." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1370 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17277319_MESH:D006944_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006944" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D005947_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D003920_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D003920_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_3630_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 618 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D000138_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000138" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D001639_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001639" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D006944_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006944" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_3630_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "17277319_MESH:D001929_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebral oedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001929" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10049461_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Career development in endoscopic research: current status and recommendations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "10049461_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 79 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16231155_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Functional evidence for the involvement of Arabidopsis IspF homolog in the nonmevalonate pathway of plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 132 ] ] }, { "id": "16231155_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "There are two independent pathways, the cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the plastid nonmevalonate (nonMVA) pathway, to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate in plants. Carotenoids and the phytyl side chain of chlorophylls are isoprenoids derived from the plastid nonMVA pathway. All enzymes involved in the nonMVA pathway have been identified in Escherichia coli. The E. coli IspF protein catalyzes a unique cyclization reaction to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate into 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate in the nonMVA pathway. We have characterized an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant, ispF-1, which has a null mutation in the IspF gene. Homozygous ispF-1 mutants are albino lethal and the IspF transcripts are undetectable in these plants. Moreover, the ispF-1 mutant chloroplasts are filled with vesicles instead of thylakoids. Amino acid sequence alignment reveals that the IspF proteins are highly conserved between plants and bacteria. Interestingly, expression of the Arabidopsis IspF protein can rescue the lethal phenotype of an E. coli ispF mutant. These results indicate that the Arabidopsis IspF may share similar enzymatic mechanisms with the E. coli protein." ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 1381 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16231155_3702_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D013729_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoprenoid" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013729" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D008798_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mevalonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008798" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D008798_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MVA" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008798" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:C004809_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isopentenyl diphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004809" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:C043060_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dimethylallyl diphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C043060" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D002338_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Carotenoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002338" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D002734_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorophylls" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002734" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:D013729_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoprenoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013729" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_562_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_562_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:C406803_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C406803" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_MESH:C443879_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C443879" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_3702_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 771 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ispF" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 863 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_3702_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_562_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ispF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_3702_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_842700_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IspF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "842700" } ] }, { "id": "16231155_562_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35057981_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "His-Purkinje Pacing: Yes, We Can Pace the His and Left Bundle, But Should We?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "35057981_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 78 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35057981_MESH:D006639_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19654064_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Superior efficacy of a recombinant flagellin:H5N1 HA globular head vaccine is determined by the placement of the globular head within flagellin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 144 ] ] }, { "id": "19654064_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) between birds and humans is an ongoing threat that holds potential for the emergence of a pandemic influenza strain. A major barrier to an effective vaccine against avian influenza has been the generally poor immunopotency of many of the HPAI strains coupled with the manufacturing constraints employing conventional methodologies. Fusion of flagellin, a toll-like receptor-5 ligand, to vaccine antigens has been shown to enhance the immune response to the fused antigen in preclinical studies. Here, we have evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a panel of flagellin-based hemagglutinin (HA) globular head fusion vaccines in inbred mice. The HA globular head of these vaccines is derived from the A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN04; H5N1) HA molecule. We find that replacement of domain D3 of flagellin with the VN04 HA globular head creates a highly effective vaccine that elicits protective HAI titers which protect mice against disease and death in a lethal challenge model." ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 1176 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19654064_102793_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H5N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "102793" } ] }, { "id": "19654064_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19654064_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19654064_102793_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H5N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "102793" } ] }, { "id": "19654064_10090_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19654064_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1712302_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ligand binding at membrane mimetic interfaces. Human serum albumin in reverse micelles." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "1712302_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The behaviour of human serum albumin in the presence of three chemically distinct ligands: oxyphenylbutazone, dansylsarcosine and hemin, has been compared in buffer and in reverse micelles of isooctane, water, and either sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate or hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, systems selected to mimic the membrane-water interface. Upon micellar incorporation, the dansylsarcosine-albumin complex dissociated, as evidenced by fluorescence emission spectroscopy (red shift from 485 nm to 570 nm) and by fluorescence polarization measurements. In contrast, the hemin-albumin complex remained stable in reverse micelles, as judged from the Soret absorption band at 408 nm and the molar absorption coefficient of 8.4 x 10(4) M-1 cm-1. The oxyphenylbutazone to albumin binding curves reveal that while the association constant remained unchanged (Ka approximately 1.0 x 10(5) M-1), only a fraction of the albumin molecules present reacted with the ligand. The results were unaffected by the nature and the concentration of the surfactant. These findings can be interpreted in the light of conformational changes induced in human serum albumin by the large micellar inner surface area. The blue shift of the fluorescence emission maximum from 344 nm in buffer to 327 nm in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate micelles and the lesser reactivity/accessibility of the fluorophore to oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide, indicate perturbations of the sole tryptophan-214 microenvironment. However, the distance between the indole residue and tyrosine-411 does not seem substantially modified by the 15% decrease affecting the alpha helices of the albumin molecule. It is proposed that the results reported herein reflect the interactions of albumin with a membrane-like interface which generates two protein subpopulations differing in their membrane-surface and ligand affinities. Overall and local conformational changes, originating from this surface-induced effect, may thus constitute a ligand-release facilitating mechanism acting at cellular membrane levels." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 2166 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1712302_213_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D010113_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxyphenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010113" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:C037087_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dansylsarcosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C037087" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D006427_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hemin" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006427" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:C045798_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isooctane" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C045798" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D014867_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D004143_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004143" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D000077286_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077286" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D014867_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:C037087_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dansylsarcosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C037087" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D006427_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hemin" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006427" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D010113_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxyphenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010113" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D004143_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004143" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D001974_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-bromosuccinimide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001974" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D014364_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tryptophan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014364" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_MESH:D014443_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tyrosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014443" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1748, 1755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "1712302_213_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1842, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5863898_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Respiratory diseases in the aged: a decade of gerontocomial experience]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "5863898_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 74 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5863898_MESH:D012140_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Respiratory diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012140" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2158973_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Localization of the cytochrome cd1 and copper nitrite reductases in denitrifying bacteria." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "2158973_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The locations of cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens and copper nitrite reductases in Achromobacter cycloclastes and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were identified. Immunogold labeling with colloidal-gold probes showed that the nitrite reductases were synthesized exclusively in anaerobically grown (denitrifying) cells. Little immunogold label occurred in the cytoplasm of these four strains; most was found in the periplasmic space or was associated with cell membranes. Immunogold labeling of thin sections was superior to fractionation by osmotic shock for locating nitrite reductases. The results support models of dentrification energetics that require a periplasmic, not a cytoplasmic, location for nitrite reductases." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 864 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2158973_287_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "287" } ] }, { "id": "2158973_294_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Pseudomonas fluorescens" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "294" } ] }, { "id": "2158973_223_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Achromobacter cycloclastes" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "223" } ] }, { "id": "2158973_85698_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Achromobacter xylosoxidans" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "85698" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4772010_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Frequency and shear rate dependence of viscoelasticity of human blood." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "4772010_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 71 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4772010_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14457811_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Hartford Community Obstetrical Study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "14457811_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 42 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11680270_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Endocrine disturbances in AIDS]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ] }, { "id": "11680270_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 34 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11680270_MESH:D004700_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Endocrine disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004700" } ] }, { "id": "11680270_MESH:D000163_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32372598_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Chapitre 4. Perennisation des operations spatiales : la question des debris orbitaux." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 85 ] ] }, { "id": "32372598_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The rapid evolution of the number of orbital debris since the beginning of the space age raises numerous problems today, mainly linked to the risk to populations due to uncontrolled atmospheric reentries, and to on-orbit collisions; such collisions may kill very precious satellites, but also regenerate swarms of new debris potentially triggering an ever increasing number of space objects in the coming years. To counter these projections, a set of standards has been prepared at international level, but it is far from being properly complied to, yet. The upcoming new space activities, \"Space 4.0\", with the foreseen launch of thousands of new satellites, imposes new actions to be taken rapidly, coordinated among all space actors, in order to guarantee a sustainable evolution of the orbital activities, so vital in our daily lives for environment, telecommunications, navigation, aso." ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 977 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32372598_12877_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "satellites" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12877" } ] }, { "id": "32372598_12877_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "satellites" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 744 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12877" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10717570_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Granuloma faciale: efficacy of cryosurgery in 2 cases]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "10717570_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Granuloma faciale is a rare condition of unknown pathogenesis. Treatment often gives less than satisfactory results. We report two cases successfully treated with cryosurgery. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman had a round 65 x 40 mm erythematous violet-colored papulous plaque on the right cheek. Histology reported a dense inflammatory infiltration of the superficial and mid derma around dilated vessels under a normal epidermis. The infiltration was composed of histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils and was compatible with granuloma facial. Surgical treatment was performed but was followed by recurrence within a few months. Class I local steroids, cotton swab cryotherapy and oral dapsone remained ineffective. Cryosurgery however led to cure without recurrence at 1 year follow-up. The second patient was a 52-year old man with an oval reddish-brown papulous plaque on the right preauricular area. The plaque measured 40 mm in diameter and histology favored granuloma facial. Three cotton swab cryotherapy sessions and one surgical excision procedure were followed by recurrence. Cryosurgery provided successful cure without recurrence at 3.5 years follow-up. DISCUSSION: Most destructive treatments for granuloma facial, including pulverization cryotherapy, surgery, and CO(2) or argon laser are unsuccessful in preventing recurrence. Cryosurgery was proposed in 1977 but few cases have been reported since. Medical treatments have been variously successful with most authors reporting unsatisfactory results. In our two cases, surgical excision was rapidly followed by recurrence and in one case dapsone was ineffective. Cryosurgery provided rapid regression of the lesion and recurrence-free cure at 1 and 3.5 years follow-up respectively. Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for readily recurrent eosinophilic granuloma facial and should be proposed as first intention therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 1988 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10717570_MESH:D006099_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Granuloma faciale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D006099_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Granuloma faciale" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 86 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D006099_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granuloma facial" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D013256_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D003622_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dapsone" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003622" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D006099_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granuloma facial" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D006099_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granuloma facial" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D002245_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO(2)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D001128_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "argon" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001128" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D003622_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dapsone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1703, 1710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003622" } ] }, { "id": "10717570_MESH:D004803_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "eosinophilic granuloma facial" ], "offsets": [ [ 1908, 1937 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004803" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2838030_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Directed biosynthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha multiple labeled with tritium]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "2838030_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "By selecting specific activators of PGF reductase and determining their optimal ratio, we have performed the directed biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha with a 45-50% yield. With the use of [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H8]arachidonic acid, multiple-labelled PGF2 alpha with molar radioactivity 6.1 TBe/mmol has been synthesised." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 394 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2838030_MESH:D015237_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015237" } ] }, { "id": "2838030_MESH:D014316_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tritium" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014316" } ] }, { "id": "2838030_MESH:D015237_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGF2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015237" } ] }, { "id": "2838030_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "[5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H8]arachidonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2838030_MESH:D015237_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGF2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015237" } ] }, { "id": "2838030_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TBe" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16361970_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Preparing for breast augmentation: informed consent." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "16361970_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19724083_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dengue serosurveillance in Kolkata, facing an epidemic in West Bengal, India." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "19724083_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: A dengue outbreak occurred throughout West Bengal, India starting from August 2005. The objectives of this study were: (i) documentation of suspected cases, confirmed by MAC ELISA; (ii) a longitudinal serosurveillance of dengue in Kolkata by detecting denguespecific IgG and IgM antibodies in suspected cases and to note the seasonal incidence; (iii) to get information about proportion of primary, secondary and old dengue cases and persons free from dengue in the population tested; and (iv) to get some idea to forecast advent of dengue and dengue epidemic/precipitation of DHF. METHODS: The epidemiological data were collected from different sources including Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine and Government of West Bengal. For serosurveillance in Kolkata, serum of each suspected patient was examined for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies using the microwell ELISA dengue fever kit. RESULTS: Altogether, 6293 ELISA IgM reactive cases were documented out of 12,059 persons (52.18%) tested in the whole of West Bengal, involving 18 districts with 34 deaths. Serosurveillance of 1668 persons from August 2005 to December 2007 in Kolkata showed that only 18.1% (302) suffered from dengue, 6.03% (101) from primary, 12.03% (201) from secondary dengue, 20.44% (341) were not sufferers of dengue and 61.45% (1025) were old dengue cases. Though stray dengue cases were found perennially, most of the cases occurred in the post-monsoon season, with a peak in September. Of dengue patients, 63.24% (191) were males. Secondary dengue cases outnumbered primary dengue cases. So, possibility of DHF would remain in all age groups and in those persons who suffered from dengue on earlier occasion. Dengue cases drastically reduced in two subsequent post-epidemic years (2006 and 2007). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Dengue serosurveillance studies may give some idea about advent, intensity, transmission season, seasonal incidence, waxing and warning, and impending epidemic of dengue and DHF. A large-scale active longitudinal serosurvey along with the study of vector capacity and vector competence would provide more correct information." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 2240 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19724083_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 544 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 899 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_MESH:D005334_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 991 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_MESH:D003643_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1162, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19724083_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1744, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7826635_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Selective antagonism of AMPA receptors unmasks kainate receptor-mediated responses in hippocampal neurons." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "7826635_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although both protein and mRNAs for kainate receptor subunits are abundant in several brain regions, the responsiveness of AMPA receptors to kainate has made it difficult to demonstrate the presence of functional kainate-type receptors in native cells. Recently, however, we have shown that many hippocampal neurons in culture express glutamate receptors of the kainate type. The large nondesensitizing response that kainate induces at AMPA receptors precludes detection and analysis of smaller, rapidly desensitizing currents induced by kainate at kainate receptors. Consequently, the functional significance of these strongly desensitizing glutamate receptors remains enigmatic. We report here that the family of new noncompetitive antagonists of AMPA receptors (GYKI 52466 and 53655) minimally affects kainate-induced responses at kainate receptors while completely blocking AMPA receptor-mediated currents, making it possible to separate the responses mediated by each receptor. These compounds will allow determination of the role played by kainate receptors in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mammalian brain, as well as evaluation of their involvement in neurotoxicity." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 1295 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7826635_MESH:D007608_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "kainate" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 531 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007608" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_MESH:D007608_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "kainate" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007608" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_MESH:D007608_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "kainate" ], "offsets": [ [ 656, 663 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007608" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_MESH:C061950_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GYKI 52466" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C061950" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_MESH:D007608_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "kainate" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007608" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7826635_MESH:D020258_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020258" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4130442_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Immunologic characteristics of experimental atherosclerosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "4130442_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 63 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4130442_MESH:D050197_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5330547_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of thyroid and estrogen on the fate of catecholamines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "5330547_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 66 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5330547_MESH:D002395_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32525604_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neurological and Dexterity Assessments in a Woman with Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy After Breast Cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "32525604_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The aim of this case report is to inform clinicians about radiation-induced brachial plexopathy, a rare complication that often presents well after treatment with inconsistent symptoms and manifestations. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion when a neoplastic or other cause cannot be identified. Electrodiagnostic testing is particularly useful. Here, the results of a standardized grip and pinch strength assessment and dexterity test are presented in a woman whose symptoms first appeared 20 years after completing treatments for stage IIIA breast cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 672 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32525604_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32525604_MESH:D020516_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Brachial Plexopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020516" } ] }, { "id": "32525604_MESH:D001943_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Breast Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "32525604_MESH:D020516_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brachial plexopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020516" } ] }, { "id": "32525604_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32525604_MESH:D001943_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13497158_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Eufidol." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "id": "13497158_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 9 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13497158_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Eufidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17252466_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Handcrafted two-channel colonoscope for removing large lipomas." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "17252466_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 64 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17252466_MESH:D008067_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lipomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008067" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35166073_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Characterization of Blood Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells in Axial Spondyloarthritis and of resident MAITs from control axial enthesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 147 ] ] }, { "id": "35166073_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: The importance of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of Axial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) has been demonstrated by the success of IL-17A blockade. However, the nature of the cell populations producing this important pro-inflammatory cytokine remains poorly defined. Accordingly, we characterized major IL-17A-producing blood cell populations in AxSpA, with reference to entheseal biology, with a focus on mucosal associated invariant T-cells, (MAITs) a population known to be capable of producing IL-17. METHODS: IL-17A production from 5 sorted peripheral blood cell populations, namely MAITs, gammadelta T-cells, CD4+T-cells, CD8+T-cells and neutrophils was evaluated pre- and post-stimulation with PMA, the calcium ionophore A23187 and beta1,3 glucan. IL-17A transcript and protein expression were determined using nCounter Technology and ultra-sensitive SimoA technology, respectively. MAITs from control human axial entheses (n=5) were further characterized by flow cytometric immunophenotyping, qPCR and IL-17 production assessed following stimulation. RESULTS: In blood, on a per cell basis, MAIT cells produced the highest amount of IL-17A compared to CD4+ (p <0.01), CD8+ (p <0.0001) and gammadelta T-cells (p <0.0001). IL-17A was not produced by neutrophils. Gene expression analysis also showed significantly higher IL17A and IL23R expression in MAIT cells. Stimulation of blood MAIT cells with alphaCD3/CD28 and IL-7 and/or IL-18 induced strong expression of IL17F. MAITs were present in the normal enthesis and showed elevated AHR, JAK1, STAT4 and TGFB1 transcript expression with inducible IL-17A protein. IL-18 protein expression was evident in spinal enthesis digests. CONCLUSION: Both blood MAITs and resident MAITs in axial entheses contribute to IL-17 production and may play important roles in AxSpA pathogenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 1982 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35166073_MESH:D013167_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Spondyloarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013167" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_MESH:D013167_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Axial Spondyloarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013167" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_920_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_925_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD8" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "925" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_MESH:D002118_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_MESH:D000001_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "A23187" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 883 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000001" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_28888;597;28883_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta1,3" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 895 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "28888;597;28883" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_MESH:D005936_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucan" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005936" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_920_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_925_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "925" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1476, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_149233_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL23R" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "149233" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_940_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD28" ], "offsets": [ [ 1564, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "940" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3574_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-7" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3574" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3606_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-18" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3606" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_112744_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL17F" ], "offsets": [ [ 1620, 1625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "112744" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_196_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AHR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1689, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "196" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3716_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "JAK1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3716" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_6775_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1700, 1705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6775" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_7040_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1710, 1715 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7040" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1753, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3606_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-18" ], "offsets": [ [ 1769, 1774 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3606" } ] }, { "id": "35166073_3605_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-17" ], "offsets": [ [ 1914, 1919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3605" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33140620_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "- No Title -" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "id": "33140620_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 13 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27151972_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Family Anticipatory Grief: An Integrative Literature Review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "27151972_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Despite all the investment in research, uncertainty persists in anticipatory grief (AG) literature, concerning its nuclear characteristics and definition. This review aimed to synthesize recent research in order to develop further knowledge about the family experience of AG during a patient's end of life. An integrative review was performed using standard methods of analysis and synthesis. The electronic databases Medline, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCO and relevant journals were systematically searched since 1990 to October 2015. Twenty-nine articles were selected, the majority with samples composed of caregivers of terminally ill patients with cancer. From systematic comparison of data referring to family end-of-life experience emerged 10 themes, which correspond to AG nuclear characteristics: anticipation of death, emotional distress, intrapsychic and interpersonal protection, exclusive focus on the patient care, hope, ambivalence, personal losses, relational losses, end-of-life relational tasks, and transition. For the majority of family caregivers in occidental society, AG is a highly stressful and ambivalent experience due to anticipation of death and relational losses, while the patient is physically present and needed of care, so family must be functional and inhibit grief expressions. The present study contributes to a deeper conceptualization of this term and to a more sensitive clinical practice." ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 1488 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27151972_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 706 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 886 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_MESH:D012128_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emotional distress" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 981 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "27151972_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30439396_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Differentiation between glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 124 ] ] }, { "id": "30439396_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a new technique that applies a three-diffusion-compartment biophysical model. We assessed the usefulness of NODDI for the differentiation of glioblastoma from solitary brain metastasis. METHODS: NODDI data were prospectively obtained on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner from patients with previously untreated, histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma (n = 9) or solitary brain metastasis (n = 6). Using the NODDI Matlab Toolbox, we generated maps of the intra-cellular, extra-cellular, and isotropic volume (VIC, VEC, VISO) fraction. Apparent diffusion coefficient - and fraction anisotropy maps were created from the diffusion data. On each map we manually drew a region of interest around the peritumoral signal-change (PSC) - and the enhancing solid area of the lesion. Differences between glioblastoma and metastatic lesions were assessed and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was determined. RESULTS: On VEC maps the mean value of the PSC area was significantly higher for glioblastoma than metastasis (P < 0.05); on VISO maps it tended to be higher for metastasis than glioblastoma. There was no significant difference on the other maps. Among the 5 parameters, the VEC fraction in the PSC area showed the highest diagnostic performance. The VEC threshold value of >= 0.48 yielded 100% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, and an AUC of 0.87 for differentiating between the two tumor types. CONCLUSIONS: NODDI compartment maps of the PSC area may help to differentiate between glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis." ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 1779 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1637, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30439396_MESH:D005909_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glioblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1736, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005909" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "893033_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evaluation of an electronic corneal pachometer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "893033_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Sixteen patients who had never worn contact lenses underwent measurement of their central corneal thicknesses with the standard corneal pachometer and a new electronic corneal pachometer. Both instruments were able to produce repeatable and accurate results, although the overall measurements obtained were thicker with the electronic pachometer. The advantage of the electronic pachometer over the standard pachometer is that one is able to easily measure areas other than the central cornea with repeatable accuracy. With the addition of a microcomputer and print-out system, large populations can be studied, and changes in corneal thickness can be recorded on a day-to-day or hour-to-hour basis." ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 747 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "893033_MESH:D003316_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal pachometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "893033_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "893033_MESH:D003316_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal pachometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "893033_MESH:D003316_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal pachometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14054938_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[STUDIES ON PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM METABOLISM IN THE PREMETURE INFANT. 3. RECIPROCAL RELATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM METABOLISM IN PREMATURE INFANT]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 153 ] ] }, { "id": "14054938_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 154 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14054938_MESH:D010758_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PHOSPHORUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010758" } ] }, { "id": "14054938_MESH:D002118_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CALCIUM" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "14054938_MESH:D010758_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PHOSPHORUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010758" } ] }, { "id": "14054938_MESH:D002118_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CALCIUM" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] } ]

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