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[ { "id": "32379225_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Assigning transcriptomic class in the trigeminal ganglion using multiplex in situ hybridization and machine learning." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "32379225_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "ABSTRACT: Single cell sequencing has provided unprecedented information about the transcriptomic diversity of somatosensory systems. Here, we describe a simple and versatile in situ hybridization (ISH)-based approach for mapping this information back to the tissue. We illustrate the power of this approach by demonstrating that ISH localization with just 8 probes is sufficient to distinguish all major classes of neurons in sections of the trigeminal ganglion. To further simplify the approach and make transcriptomic class assignment and cell segmentation automatic, we developed a machine learning approach for analyzing images from multiprobe ISH experiments. We demonstrate the power of in situ class assignment by examining the expression patterns of voltage-gated sodium channels that play roles in distinct somatosensory processes and pain. Specifically, this analysis resolves intrinsic problems with single cell sequencing related to the sparseness of data leading to ambiguity about gene expression patterns. We also used the multiplex in situ approach to study the projection fields of the different neuronal classes. Our results demonstrate that the surface of the eye and meninges are targeted by broad arrays of neural classes despite their very different sensory properties but exhibit idiotypic patterns of innervation at a quantitative level. Very surprisingly, itch-related neurons extensively innervated the meninges, indicating that these transcriptomic cell classes are not simply labeled lines for triggering itch. Together, these results substantiate the importance of a sensory neuron's peripheral and central connections as well as its transcriptomic class in determining its role in sensation." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1839 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32379225_MESH:D012964_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 896 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "32379225_MESH:D010146_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21391885_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Resequencing, haplotype construction and identification of novel variants of CYP2D6 in Mexican Mestizos." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 104 ] ] }, { "id": "21391885_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "AIM: The CYP2D6 enzyme participates in the metabolism of commonly prescribed drugs: antidepressants, antipsychotics and antihypertensives. The CYP2D6 gene shows a high degree of interindividual and interethnic variability that influences its expression and function. Mexican Mestizos are a recently admixed population resulting from the combination of Amerindian, European and, to a lesser extent, African populations. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the CYP2D6 gene in Mexican Mestizos. MATERIALS & METHODS: We performed linkage disequilibrium and network analyses in resequencing data of 96 individuals from two regions within Mexico with a different history of admixture and particular population dynamics, the Northwestern state of Sonora and the Central-Pacific state of Guerrero. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: We identified 64 polymorphisms, including 14 novel variants: 13 SNPs and a CYP2D7 exon 2 conversion, that was assigned CYP2D6*82 by the Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Committee. Three novel SNPs were predicted to have functional effects. For CYP2D6*82 we hypothesize an Amerindian origin that is supported by its identification in three Mexican Amerindian groups (Mayas, Tepehuanos and Mixtecos). Frequencies of CYP2D6*1, *2, *4, *5, *10, *29, *53, *82 and its duplications were 50.0, 25.5, 14.1, 2.0, 2.6, 1.0, 0.5, 2.1 and 3.6%, respectively. We found significant frequency differences in CYP2D6*1 and *2 between Mexican Mestizos and in CYP2D6*1, *2, *4, *5, *10 and *29 between Mexicans and at least one other population. We observed strong linkage disequilibrium and phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes. To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive resequencing analysis of CYP2D6 in Mexicans or any other Latin American population, providing information about genetic diversity relevant in the development of pharmacogenomics in this region." ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 2014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21391885_1565_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1564_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D7" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1564" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_4051_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cytochrome P450" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4051" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_4051_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4051" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1544 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] }, { "id": "21391885_1565_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CYP2D6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1846, 1852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1565" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18674509_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An enzyme-linked immunosorbent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase biomarker assay for clinical trials of PARP inhibitors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "18674509_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Many established cancer therapies involve DNA-damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The DNA repair capacity of the tumor represents a common mechanism used by cancer cells to survive DNA-damaging therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme that is activated by DNA damage and has critical roles in DNA repair. Inhibition of PARP potentiates the activity of DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide, topoisomerase inhibitors and radiation in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Recently, several PARP inhibitors have entered clinical trials either as single agents or in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Because PARP inhibitors are not cytotoxic, a biomarker assay is useful to guide the selection of an optimal biological dose. We set out to develop an assay that enables us to detect 50% PAR reduction in human tumors with 80% power in a single-plate assay while assuring no more than a 10% false-positive rate. We have developed and optimized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure PARP activity that meets the above-mentioned criterion. This robust assay is able to detect PAR levels of 30-2000 pg/ml in both tumor and peripheral blood monocyte samples. In a B16F10 mouse syngeneic tumor model, PARP inhibitor ABT-888 potentiates the effect of temozolomide in suppressing tumor growth, and PARP activity is greatly reduced by ABT-888 at efficacious doses. In summary, the ELISA assay described here is suitable for biomarker studies in clinical trials of PARP inhibitors." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 1648 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18674509_142_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D000077204_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "temozolomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 533 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077204" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 968 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_142_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "142" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1286, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_10090_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_11545_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11545" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:C521013_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ABT-888" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C521013" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D000077204_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "temozolomide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077204" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:D009369_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1449, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_11545_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11545" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_MESH:C521013_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ABT-888" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C521013" } ] }, { "id": "18674509_11545_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PARP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1632, 1636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11545" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4970528_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Simultaneous biosynthesis of pyocyanine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and oxychloroaphine from labelled substrates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mac 436." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 149 ] ] }, { "id": "4970528_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 150 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4970528_MESH:D011710_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyocyanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011710" } ] }, { "id": "4970528_MESH:C037165_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phenazine-1-carboxylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C037165" } ] }, { "id": "4970528_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxychloroaphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "4970528_287_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "287" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29706485_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Advances in the Molecular Pathophysiology, Genetics, and Treatment of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "29706485_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ~1% of women before 40 years of age. The recent leap in genetic knowledge obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS) together with animal models has further elucidated its molecular pathogenesis, identifying novel genes/pathways. Mutations of >60 genes emphasize high genetic heterogeneity. Genome-wide association studies have revealed a shared genetic background between POI and reproductive aging. NGS will provide a genetic diagnosis leading to genetic/therapeutic counseling: first, defects in meiosis or DNA repair genes may predispose to tumors; and second, specific gene defects may predict the risk of rapid loss of a persistent ovarian reserve, an important determinant in fertility preservation. Indeed, a recent innovative treatment of POI by in vitro activation of dormant follicles proved to be successful." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 967 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29706485_MESH:D016649_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Primary Ovarian Insufficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016649" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D016649_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Primary ovarian insufficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016649" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D016649_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "POI" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016649" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D016649_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "POI" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016649" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:C536875_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "meiosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536875" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 698 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D010049_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010049" } ] }, { "id": "29706485_MESH:D016649_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "POI" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016649" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20920726_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Umbilicoplasty with 3 triangular skin flaps and excised diamond-shaped skin flap." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "20920726_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: In cases of large umbilical hernias, standard surgical techniques have proven inadequate for diminishing the diameter of the umbilicus. We have modified the 3- and 4-triangular-skin-flap techniques to diminish the diameter of the umbilicus and achieve a cosmetically acceptable umbilicus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Umbilicoplasty was performed in 149 children (median age, 2.5 years; range, 3 months-10 years) between 2003 and 2008. We created 4 skin flaps 1.5 cm in length on the umbilicus and excised the cranial diamond-shaped skin flap. After closure of the fascial defect, the diameter of the umbilicus was diminished by suturing the opened cranial part of the diamond-shaped skin flap vertically. The tips of the 3 remaining flaps were then anchored to the closed fascia. RESULTS: Postoperatively, granulation tissue occurred in 18 cases (12%), transient erythema of a flap in 15 cases (10%), and bulging of a skin flap in 15 cases (10%). These complications were reduced by suturing adjoining skin flaps. No recurrent hernias were encountered. The postoperative umbilical appearance was satisfactory in all cases. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique is effective for diminishing the diameter of the umbilicus and creating a cosmetically acceptable shaped umbilicus, even for large umbilical hernias." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 1394 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20920726_MESH:D006547_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] }, { "id": "20920726_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20920726_MESH:C563219_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fascial defect" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 664 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C563219" } ] }, { "id": "20920726_MESH:D004890_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "erythema" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004890" } ] }, { "id": "20920726_MESH:D006547_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] }, { "id": "20920726_MESH:D006547_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006547" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9820585_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Origin of the metazoan bodyplan: characterization and functional testing of the promoter of the homeobox gene EmH-3 from the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri in mouse 3T3 cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 181 ] ] }, { "id": "9820585_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Porifera [sponges] represent the lowest metazoan phylum, probably already existing prior to the 'Cambrian explosion'. Based on amino acid sequences deduced from cDNAs that code for structural proteins, the monophyly of Metazoa was established. Now we analyzed for the first time a promoter of a sponge gene for its activity in a heterologous cell system from higher Metazoa. The promoter of the homeobox gene EmH-3 was cloned and sequenced from a genomic library of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri. For the determination of functional promoter activity, transient transfection experiments in mouse NIH 3T3 cells were performed; the promoter was fused with the luciferase reporter gene. The data revealed that a 401 nt long promoter fragment, comprising several binding elements for metazoan transcription factors, showed the highest activity, while the 175 bp long promoter segment, comprising solely the TATA- and Cap boxes, showed only 25% of that activity. This result demonstrates that the sponge promoter is activated by factors present in mammalian cells and supports the view that Porifera, together with the other metazoan phyla, are of monophyletic origin." ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 1356 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9820585_6052_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Ephydatia muelleri" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6052" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_CVCL:0594_2", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "3T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:0594" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_6052_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Ephydatia muelleri" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6052" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_10090_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 788 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_CVCL:0594_5", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "NIH 3T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 796 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:0594" } ] }, { "id": "9820585_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15493807_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Nursing in the context of Bachelor's and Master's degrees]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "15493807_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 61 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5733395_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Tibial-fibular diaphyseal toxopachyostosis in a 7-year-old girl]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "5733395_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 67 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5733395_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girl" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2827749_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sequential 1H NMR assignments and secondary structure identification of human ubiquitin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "2827749_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "1H NMR assignments of human ubiquitin (76 amino acids, Mr 8565) have been made by a combination of DQF-COSY, DQF-RELAY, NOESY, DQ, and isotropic mixing experiments. Complete NH, C alpha H, and C beta H assignments were obtained; resonances not yet assigned are the side-chain amides of Q-40, Q-41, Q-49, N-60, and Q-62 and the peripheral protons (C gamma H and outward) of M-1 and K-27. A total of 558 out of 579 (96%) potentially observable protons were assigned. Particular attention was directed toward obtaining complete assignments of the aliphatic residues (seven Ile, nine Leu, four Val) since these residues form an extensive hydrophobic core and NOEs from these residues are invaluable for structure calculations. The secondary structure elements were also identified from the sequential NOE data and differ slightly in description from the published 2.8 A resolution crystal structure [Vijay-Kumar, S., Bugg, C. E., Wilkinson, K. D., & Cook, W. J. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 3582-3585]; the NMR data suggest that residues 48-50 form a short fifth strand in the beta-sheet and that residues 56-61 form a helical turn. The sequential assignment results presented here are in agreement with the main chain directed assignments presented in the preceding paper [Di Stephano, D., & Wand, A. J. (1987) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 1455 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2827749_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1H" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1H" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_MESH:D000577_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amides" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 371 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000577" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_342574_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "K-27" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "342574" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_MESH:D007532_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ile" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007532" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_MESH:D007930_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Leu" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007930" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_MESH:D014633_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Val" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014633" } ] }, { "id": "2827749_MESH:D012872_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Wilkinson" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012872" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31114682_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Review of Driving Restrictions in Patients at Risk of Syncope and Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with Sudden Incapacity: Differing Global Approaches to Regulation and Risk." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 174 ] ] }, { "id": "31114682_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The ability to drive is a highly valued freedom in the developed world. Sudden incapacitation while driving can result in injury or death for the driver and passengers or bystanders. Cardiovascular conditions are a primary cause for sudden incapacitation and regulations have long existed to restrict driving for patients with cardiac conditions at high risk of sudden incapacitation. Significant variation occurs between these rules in different countries and legislatures. Quantification of the potential risk of harm associated with various categories of drivers has attempted to make these regulations more objective. The assumptions on which these calculations are based are now old and less likely to reflect the reality of modern driving. Ultimately, a more individual assessment of risk with a combined assessment of the medical condition and the patient's driving behaviour may be appropriate. The development of driverless technologies may also have an impact on decision making in this field." ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 1178 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31114682_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_MESH:D013575_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013575" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_MESH:D001145_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cardiac Arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_MESH:D014947_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_MESH:D003643_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31114682_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32771714_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of corn syrup and whey on the conversion process of CO to ethanol using Clostridium ljungdahlii." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "32771714_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CO is one of the toxic components of syngas, which is the major source of air pollution. Syngas fermentation technology has the ability to convert toxic gases into valuable biofuels, such as ethanol. Fermentative ethanol production is an important method that can be used to promote environmental protection. CO can be converted into ethanol, via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, using Clostridium ljungdahlii. The components of the growing medium--especially the trace-element solution and yeast extract--are the main reasons for the high costs associated with this process, however, and this especially impacts scaled-up operations. In this study, cheaper substitutes for these components were used in order to determine their effect on ethanol production. The study comprised three main parts--the optimization of CO concentration, and the substitution of corn syrup and whey powder in the process. The optimum volume of CO for ethanol production was found to be 10 mL. Corn syrup can be used instead of trace-element solution, but the use of yeast extract with the corn syrup was determined to be essential. Up to 1.4 g/L ethanol production was observed with the addition of 15 mL corn syrup. Whey powder had the advantage of being usable without yeast extract, with up to 2.5 g/L ethanol being produced from a 30-g/L concentration. The main finding was that either corn syrup or whey powder can be used as substitutes for expensive basal-medium components." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1564 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32771714_MESH:D002248_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002248" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_1538_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Clostridium ljungdahlii" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1538" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 299, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D002248_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002248" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_1538_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Clostridium ljungdahlii" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1538" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_4932_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_4932_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_4932_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "32771714_MESH:D000431_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19305527_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Residues of Aldicarb and its Oxides in Beta vulgaris L. and Systemic Control of Heterodera schachtii." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "19305527_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Altlicarb residues in foliage of Beta vulgaris L. 21 days after transplanting to soil treated with 1-5 mug aldicarb/g soil were proportional to residues in storage roots, but 20 times as great. Initial concentrations of residues in roots 21 days after treatment were proportional to applied rates but declined by 56% when roots were stored 25 days at 24 C. Mean respective concentrations of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone were 8.7, 81.6, and 9.8% of the total residues. In separate tests, equivalent concentrations of toxic carbamates in roots resulted in similar levels of control of Heterodera schachtii. Systemic levels that completely suppressed development of females and males on sectioned roots were respectively 0.35 and 0.8 mug/g of root tissue." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 876 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19305527_MESH:D000448_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Aldicarb" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000448" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_161934_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Beta vulgaris L" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "161934" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_97005_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Heterodera schachtii" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "97005" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_161934_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Beta vulgaris L" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "161934" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_MESH:D000448_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldicarb" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000448" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_MESH:C030579_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldicarb sulfoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030579" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_MESH:C030580_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aldicarb sulfone" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030580" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_MESH:D002219_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbamates" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 656 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002219" } ] }, { "id": "19305527_97005_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Heterodera schachtii" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "97005" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16969672_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Utility of fat-suppressed FLAIR and subtraction imaging in detecting meningeal abnormalities." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "16969672_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We describe the use of a combination of fat-suppression SPIR (spectral inversion recovery) and subtraction FLAIR imaging to aid in detection of abnormal meningeal enhancement." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 269 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16969672_MESH:D008581_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "meningeal abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008581" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28918473_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Complete genome sequences of two insect-specific flaviviruses." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "28918473_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We determined the complete genomic sequences of two previously discovered insect-specific flaviviruses, Marisma mosquito virus (MMV) and Nanay virus (NANV), using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and Sanger sequencing. Complete polyprotein amino acid sequence alignments revealed that the closest known relatives of MMV and NANV are Donggang virus (89% identity, 95% similarity) and Nounane virus (53% identity, 70% similarity), respectively. Phylogenetic inference is in agreement with these findings. Potential programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting sites were bioinformatically identified in the genomes of both viruses." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 789 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28918473_1105173_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Marisma mosquito virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1105173" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_1105173_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "MMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1105173" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_1254420_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Nanay virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1254420" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_1254420_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "NANV" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1254420" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_1105173_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "MMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 486 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1105173" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_1254420_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "NANV" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1254420" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_985683_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Donggang virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "985683" } ] }, { "id": "28918473_486494_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Nounane virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "486494" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1213664_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hepatic metabolism of glucose and glycogen in fed rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "1213664_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 56 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1213664_MESH:D044882_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hepatic metabolism of glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044882" } ] }, { "id": "1213664_MESH:D006003_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006003" } ] }, { "id": "1213664_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14719802_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A novel water-soluble and cell-permeable calpain inhibitor protects myocardial and mitochondrial function in postischemic reperfusion." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 134 ] ] }, { "id": "14719802_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effects of the novel calpain inhibitor A-705239 were studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts subjected to 45 min of global ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. During 15 min of perfusion the inhibitor accumulated in myocardial tissue up to 16 times the concentration in the perfusate. Almost complete recovery and survival of heart function (90%) was seen with an inhibitor concentration of 10(-8) M in the perfusion fluid when the compound was administered prior to ischemia. Left ventricular pressure amplitude and coronary flow showed significantly higher values during reperfusion in the presence of the inhibitor. A-705239 significantly reduced the release of creatine kinase, from 166+/-49 U/l in untreated hearts to 44+/-10 U/l, and diminished the release of lactate dehydrogenase from 118+/-20 U/l in untreated hearts to 63+/-4 U/l. Mitochondrial dysfunction following ischemia and reperfusion was markedly attenuated by the inhibitor. Thus, the state 3 respiration rate only decreased to 4.2 in contrast to 2.6 nmol O2/(min x mg s.w.) in untreated hearts, reflecting a reduced damage of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, in the presence of the inhibitor the inner mitochondrial membranes became less permeable as indicated by a smaller leak respiration. The excellent properties of A-705239 should make this compound a valuable tool for further pharmacological studies." ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 1534 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14719802_MESH:D014867_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_831_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calpain inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "831" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_831_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calpain inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "831" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:C490161_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "A-705239" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C490161" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D007511_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D007511_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D006973_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Left ventricular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:C490161_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "A-705239" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C490161" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D028361_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mitochondrial dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D028361" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D007511_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:D010100_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "O2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "14719802_MESH:C490161_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "A-705239" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C490161" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24658217_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Edward Leicester Atkinson (1881-1929): Antarctic explorer, scientist and naval surgeon." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "24658217_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Edward Leicester Atkinson qualified at St Thomas's Hospital in 1906 and joined the Navy in 1908. He was a doctor and parasitologist on Captain Scott's Terra Nova expedition to the Antarctic and had to take charge of the expedition when Scott died on his return from the South Pole. After the expedition he went to China and discovered the cause of schistosomiasis, returning at the start of the First World War in which he served with distinction, winning a DSO and Albert Medal but also being severely injured. After the war he served in various naval posts and became the youngest Surgeon Captain in the Navy before being retired on health grounds in 1928. He died at sea the following year." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 781 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24658217_MESH:D012552_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schistosomiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012552" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9588670_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Molecular biology for the nuclear cardiologist: terminology, concepts, and processes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 85 ] ] }, { "id": "9588670_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 86 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21708676_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Vessel contents of leaves after excision - a test of Scholander's assumption." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "21708676_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A test was attempted of the assumption that, when a leaf is cut, the xylem still contains water under tension beyond the first vessel cross walls. This assumption enabled Scholander to argue that the balance pressure in his pressure chamber measured the tension in water columns in the vessels before cutting. The numbers of embolized vessels were counted, after rapid freezing of petiole and midrib samples of sunflower leaves, in the cryo-scanning electron microscope. Counts were made on leaves still attached to the plant and at intervals after cutting from the plant (up to 16 min) during a short spring day's transpiration. The lengths of vessels in the leaves, measured by latex particle perfusion, showed that 8% of vessels in the mid-petioles and 0% in the midribs should be opened by cutting. The changing percentages of embolized vessels (E) with time showed that: (1) in intact plants E was close to zero until midday when it rose to ~40%, and then fell progressively to near zero by 1600; (2) in excised leaves there was no detectable change in E immediately after cutting, and, in all but two time courses, no change as large as the 8% of opened vessels within 16 min; (3) but briefly, when E was high (midday), it rose further after cutting to a plateau (_E = 30-40%) in 4 min. From this rate of emptying, the estimated maximum pressure difference between vessels and parenchyma was of the order of 0.05-0.2 MPa (0.5 to 2 bar) at this time. (4) All these changes occurred in the petioles 1 h before they were found in the midribs. The test failed because the expected large pressure difference between vessels and parenchyma was not present. Further, the embolized vessels were refilled at the time of peak transpiration, which would be impossible with any substantial tension in the vessels. Because these results contradict the whole basis of the Cohesion Theory, a second experiment was carried out to test them, and is reported in a companion paper." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 2046 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21708676_MESH:D014867_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "21708676_MESH:D014867_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "21708676_4232_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sunflower" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4232" } ] }, { "id": "21708676_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "midribs" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21708676_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "midribs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1615, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2037565_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Detergent delipidation and solubilization strategies for high-resolution NMR of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "2037565_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "High-resolution NMR studies of bacteriorhodopsin require the availability of the detergent-solubilized protein with both high concentration and small rotational correlation time. A procedure is described for the optimized preparation of such samples. Bacteriorhodopsin was first delipidated by detergent treatment of purple membrane under nonsolubilizing conditions for the protein. The delipidated aggregated protein could then be solubilized into monomers at concentration close to millimolar by selected detergents. The solubilizing detergent had an important effect on the rotational correlation time of the protein as shown by measuring in each case the temperature-dependent stability of the protein, the size of the detergent-protein complex, and the detergent viscosity. Consistently, a strong influence of the detergent was also found on spectral resolution in 13C NMR spectra of solubilized bacteriorhodopsin labeled with [1-13C]phenylalanine. Best resolution was obtained using n-dodecylmaltoside as detergent, with which relatively narrow well resolved 13C NMR resonances were observed at 50 degrees C. It is suggested that high-resolution NMR studies performed with this detergent may contribute to the structural resolution of bacteriorhodopsin." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1379 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2037565_MESH:C000615229_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "13C" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 993 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000615229" } ] }, { "id": "2037565_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "[1-13C]phenylalanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2037565_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "n-dodecylmaltoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2037565_MESH:C000615229_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "13C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000615229" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32242142_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neuro-Musculoskeletal Mapping for Man-Machine Interfacing." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "32242142_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We propose a myoelectric control method based on neural data regression and musculoskeletal modeling. This paradigm uses the timings of motor neuron discharges decoded by high-density surface electromyogram (HD-EMG) decomposition to estimate muscle excitations. The muscle excitations are then mapped into the kinematics of the wrist joint using forward dynamics. The offline tracking performance of the proposed method was superior to that of state-of-the-art myoelectric regression methods based on artificial neural networks in two amputees and in four out of six intact-bodied subjects. In addition to joint kinematics, the proposed data-driven model-based approach also estimated several biomechanical variables in a full feed-forward manner that could potentially be useful in supporting the rehabilitation and training process. These results indicate that using a full forward dynamics musculoskeletal model directly driven by motor neuron activity is a promising approach in rehabilitation and prosthetics to model the series of transformations from muscle excitation to resulting joint function." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 1163 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32242142_MESH:D006816_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HD" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006816" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15448896_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Two allelic or tightly linked genetic factors at the PLRV.4 locus on potato chromosome XI control resistance to potato leafroll virus accumulation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 147 ] ] }, { "id": "15448896_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A novel locus for potato resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was characterized by inheritance studies and molecular mapping. The diploid parental clone DW 91-1187 was resistant to PLRV accumulation in both inoculated plants and their tuber progeny. The resistance to PLRV accumulation present in DW 91-1187 was not transmitted to any F1 offspring when crossed with a PLRV susceptible clone. Instead, one half of the F1 individuals exhibited undetectable amounts of PLRV as determined by ELISA during the primary infection assay, but accumulated PLRV in their tuber progeny plants. The other half was clearly infected both in the inoculated and tuber-born plants. The inheritance of resistance to PLRV accumulation may be explained by a model of two complementary alleles of a single gene ( PLRV.4) or by two complementary genes that are closely linked in repulsion phase. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers linked to the PLRV.4 locus were selected. The two complementary factors were closely linked in coupling phase to the alternative alleles UBC864(600) and UBC864(800) of DNA marker UBC864. These markers may be used for marker-assisted selection of genotypes having both factors for resistance to PLRV accumulation. The PLRV.4 locus was mapped to a central position on linkage group XI of the potato molecular map, where no resistance locus has been mapped previously." ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 1580 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15448896_12045_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_4113_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4113" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato leafroll virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_4113_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4113" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato leafroll virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_MESH:D007239_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 771 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "UBC864" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "UBC864" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "UBC864" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1413 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_12045_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PLRV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12045" } ] }, { "id": "15448896_4113_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "potato" ], "offsets": [ [ 1505, 1511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4113" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29453852_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Sulfonozanamivir Analogue Has Potent Anti-influenza Virus Activity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "29453852_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Influenza virus infection continues to cause significant, often severe, respiratory illness worldwide. A validated target for the development of anti-influenza agents is the virus surface protein sialidase. In the current study, we have discovered a highly potent inhibitor of influenza virus sialidase, based on a novel sialosyl sulfonate template. The synthesised 3-guanidino sialosyl alpha-sulfonate, a sulfonozanamivir analogue, inhibits viral replication in vitro at the nanomolar level, comparable to that of the anti-influenza drug zanamivir. Using protein X-ray crystallography we show that the sialosyl alpha-sulfonate template binds within the sialidase active site in a 1 C4 chair conformation. The C1-sulfonate moiety forms crucial and strong-binding interactions with the active site's triarginyl cluster, while the 3-guanidino moiety interacts significantly with conserved active site residues. This sulfonozanamivir analogue provides a new direction in anti-influenza virus drug development." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 1076 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29453852_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sulfonozanamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_11309_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11309" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_MESH:D001102_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "virus infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001102" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_MESH:D012140_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "respiratory illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012140" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_11309_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11309" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_11309_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11309" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_MESH:C000626593_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sialosyl sulfonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000626593" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-guanidino sialosyl alpha-sulfonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfonozanamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_11309_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11309" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_MESH:D053243_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "zanamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 618 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D053243" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sialosyl alpha-sulfonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "C1-sulfonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-guanidino" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfonozanamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29453852_11309_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "influenza" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11309" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22748969_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Insulin sensitivity is associated with thigh adipose tissue distribution in healthy postmenopausal women." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "22748969_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) may be linked to insulin resistance, whereas thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may be related favorably with indices of metabolic health. However, whether adipose tissue depots of the thigh are differentially related to insulin sensitivity independent of total adiposity and other adipose tissue depots has not been determined. The objective of this study was to identify independent associations of the subcompartments of adipose tissue of the thigh with insulin sensitivity among 97 healthy early postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the mid-thigh were used to assess Thigh-SAT, Thigh perimuscular adipose tissue (PMAT), and Thigh-IMAT. CT scans at the L4-L5 intervertebral space were used to assess intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and Abdominal-SAT. Total body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) was assessed by using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated S(I) was positively associated with Thigh-SAT independent of total fat mass and other adipose tissue compartments. Among all women combined, S(I) was inversely associated with Thigh-IMAT independent of total fat mass. However, the relationship between S(I) and Thigh-IMAT was independent of IAAT only among women with high levels of Thigh-IMAT and IAAT. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate independent, opposing relationships of Thigh-SAT and Thigh-IMAT with insulin sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to determine if these associations are causal in nature." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 1831 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22748969_3630_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_3630_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_3630_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_3630_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_3630_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_MESH:D005947_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1345, 1350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1532 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_3630_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1695, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22748969_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1741, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33647149_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Harris County Public Health Mosquito and Vector Control Division Emergency Response to Hurricane Harvey: Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance and Control." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 151 ] ] }, { "id": "33647149_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Hurricane Harvey made a landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast on August 25, 2017, stalling over Harris County as a tropical storm for 4 days (August 26-29), dumping approximately 127 cm of rain. This tremendous amount of rainfall overwhelmed the county's natural and man-made drainage systems, resulting in unprecedented widespread flooding. Immediately following, Harris County Public Health Mosquito and Vector Control Division conducted a countywide emergency vector control response by integrating surveillance, control, and education strategies. This included landing rate counts, mosquito and avian surveillance, arbovirus testing, ground-based ultra-low volume (ULV) and aerial pesticide spraying, and community outreach. The immediate response lasted for 4 wk through September, resulting in 774 landing rates, 49,342 ha treated by ground-based ULV, 242,811 ha treated by aerial ULV, 83,241 mosquitoes collected, 1,807 mosquito pools tested, and 20 education/outreach sessions. Recovery activities of 3 additional education/outreach events continued through October while surveillance and control activities returned to routine status." ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 1290 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22895962_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Nutritional interventions for liver-transplanted patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "22895962_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a common problem for patients waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation and a risk factor for post-transplant morbidity. The decision to initiate enteral or parenteral nutrition, to which patients and at which time, is still debated. The effects of nutritional supplements given before or after liver transplantation, or both, still remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to assess the beneficial and harmful effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition as well as oral nutritional supplements administered to patients before and after liver transplantation. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register (March 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2 of 12, 2012) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (January 1946 to March 2012), EMBASE (January 1974 to March 2012), Science Citation Index Expanded (January 1900 to March 2012), Social Science Citation Index (January 1961 to October 2010), and reference lists of articles. Manufacturers and experts in the field have also been contacted and relevant journals and conference proceedings were handsearched (from 1997 to October 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials of parallel or cross-over design evaluating the beneficial or harmful effects of enteral or parenteral nutrition or oral nutritional supplements for patients before and after liver transplantation were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the trials and extracted data. Dichotomous data were reported as odds ratios (OR) and continuous data as mean differences (MD) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-analysis was not possible due to clinical heterogeneity of included interventions. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Four publications did not report outcomes pre-defined in the review protocol, or other clinically relevant outcomes and additional data could not be obtained. Nine trials could provide data for the review. Most of the 13 included trials were small and at high risk of bias. Meta-analyses were not possible due to clinical heterogeneity of the interventions.No interventions that were likely to be beneficial were identified.For interventions of unknown effectiveness,postoperative enteral nutrition compared with postoperative parenteral nutrition seemed to have no beneficial or harmful effects on clinical outcomes. Parenteral nutrition containing protein, fat, carbohydrates, and branched-chain amino acids with or without alanyl-glutamine seemed to have no beneficial effect on the outcomes of one and three years survival when compared with a solution of 5% dextrose and normal saline. Enteral immunonutrition with Supportan seemed to have no effect on occurrence of immunological rejection when compared with enteral nutrition with Fresubin .There is weak evidence that, compared with standard dietary advice, adding a nutritional supplement to usual diet for patients during the waiting time for liver transplantation had an effect on clinical outcomes after liver transplantation. The combination of enteral nutrition plus parenteral nutrition plus glutamine-dipeptide seemed to be beneficial in reducing length of hospital stay after liver transplantation compared with standard parenteral nutrition (mean difference (MD) -12.20 days; 95% CI -20.20 to -4.00). There is weak evidence that the use of parenteral nutrition plus branched-chain amino acids had an effect on clinical outcomes compared with standard parenteral nutrition, but each was beneficial in reducing length of stay in intensive care unit compared to a standard glucose solution (MD -2.40; 95% CI -4.29 to -0.51 and MD -2.20 days; 95% CI -3.79 to -0.61). There is weak evidence that adding omega-3 fish oil to parenteral nutrition reduced the length of hospital stay after liver transplantation (mean difference -7.1 days; 95% CI -13.02 to -1.18) and the length of stay in intensive care unit after liver transplantation (MD -1.9 days; 95% CI -1.9 to -0.22).For interventions unlikely to be beneficial, there is a significant increased risk in acute rejections in malnourished patients with a history of encephalopathy and treated with the nutritional supplement Ensure compared with usual diet only (MD 0.70 events per patient; 95% CI 0.08 to 1.32). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify nutritional interventions for liver transplanted patients that seemed to offer convincing benefits. Further randomised clinical trials with low risk of bias and powerful sample sizes are needed." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 4723 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22895962_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D002241_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2615, 2628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:C054122_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alanyl-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2677, 2693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C054122" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D005947_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dextrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 2814, 2822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 3118, 3126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D005973_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 3309, 3318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005973" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D004151_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dipeptide" ], "offsets": [ [ 3319, 3328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004151" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D005947_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 3790, 3797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 4305, 4313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_MESH:D001927_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 4332, 4346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 4449, 4456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22895962_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 4578, 4586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21643945_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "2D/3D image fusion of X-ray mammograms with breast MRI: visualizing dynamic contrast enhancement in mammograms." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "21643945_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. The established screening method to detect breast cancer is X-ray mammography. Additionally, MRI is used for diagnosis in clinical routine. Due to complementary diagnostic information, both modalities are often read in combination. Yet, the correlation is challenging due to different dimensionality of images and different patient positioning. In this paper, we describe a method to fuse X-ray mammograms with DCE-MRI. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the approach. METHODS: For the combination of information from both modalities, the images have to be registered using a compression simulation based on a patient-specific biomechanical model. The registered images can be compared directly. The contrast enhancement in the DCE-MRI volume is evaluated using parametric enhancement maps. A projection image of the contrast enhancement is created. The image fusion combines it with X-ray mammograms for intuitive multimodal diagnosis. RESULTS: The image fusion was evaluated using 11 clinical datasets. For 10 of 11 datasets, a good accuracy of the image registration was achieved. The overlap of contrast-enhanced regions with marked lesions in the mammogram is 61%. Lesions are clearly differentiable from surrounding tissue by the DCE-MRI projection in 10 of 11 cases. CONCLUSION: The described preliminary results are promising, thus we expect the visualization of quantitative information from dynamic MRI together with mammograms to be beneficial for multimodal diagnosis. Because of the use of clinical standard modalities, no additional image acquisition is needed." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1777 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21643945_MESH:D001943_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_MESH:D001943_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 588 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21643945_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30824715_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequencing pipelines to minimize false negative findings." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "30824715_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Comprehensive and accurate detection of variants from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a strong prerequisite for translational genomic medicine; however, low concordance between analytic pipelines is an outstanding challenge. We processed a European and an African WGS samples with 70 analytic pipelines comprising the combination of 7 short-read aligners and 10 variant calling algorithms (VCAs), and observed remarkable differences in the number of variants called by different pipelines (max/min ratio: 1.3~3.4). The similarity between variant call sets was more closely determined by VCAs rather than by short-read aligners. Remarkably, reported minor allele frequency had a substantial effect on concordance between pipelines (concordance rate ratio: 0.11~0.92; Wald tests, P < 0.001), entailing more discordant results for rare and novel variants. We compared the performance of analytic pipelines and pipeline ensembles using gold-standard variant call sets and the catalog of variants from the 1000 Genomes Project. Notably, a single pipeline using BWA-MEM and GATK-HaplotypeCaller performed comparable to the pipeline ensembles for 'callable' regions (~97%) of the human reference genome. While a single pipeline is capable of analyzing common variants in most genomic regions, our findings demonstrated the limitations and challenges in analyzing rare or novel variants, especially for non-European genomes." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1512 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30824715_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14852842_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Occupational injuries of the nose caused by acids]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "14852842_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14852842_MESH:D060051_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Occupational injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D060051" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36134383_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A \"blood theft\" after liver transplantation: the role of interventional radiology in the management and treatment of splenic artery steal syndrome." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 147 ] ] }, { "id": "36134383_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Splenic artery steal syndrome is a rare complication after liver transplant. It could lead to rapidly evolving major issues such as ischemic cholangiopathy and acute graft failure. Although the pathophysiology is not yet well understood, if diagnosed in time it could be easily managed with interventional radiology treatments. We present a case of a 47-year-old man presented to our institute with radiological findings typical for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in a cirrhotic liver. After therapy he underwent transplant. Some days after surgery he developed signs of acute liver failure. Steal syndrome was suspected by laboratory tests and radiology exams. The syndrome was confirmed by angiography and treated. The graft was saved, and the patient is still alive and free of disease. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of radiology exams in the diagnosis of splenic steal syndrome, explain its pathogenesis and describe the interventional management of this complication." ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 1150 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36134383_MESH:D013349_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "splenic artery steal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013349" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D013349_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Splenic artery steal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013349" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D007511_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic cholangiopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D017114_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute graft failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017114" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D006528_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D017093_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cirrhotic liver" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017093" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D017114_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute liver failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017114" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36134383_MESH:D013158_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "splenic steal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1059 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013158" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34466391_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Positive effect of home hemodialysis in a pregnant woman with chronic kidney failure during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case report." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 129 ] ] }, { "id": "34466391_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This report discusses the case of a 25-year-old pregnant woman from an underserved community, with two previous failed kidney transplants and a previous miscarriage. The patient required a progressive increase to 30 h a week of in-hospital hemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. She delivered her baby while transitioning to home hemodialysis. Women with end-stage kidney disease who require hemodialysis and wish to become pregnant or who are pregnant have options to allow for a safe and healthy delivery. This can be achieved with vigorous hemodialysis, even at home." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 713 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34466391_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_MESH:D007676_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic kidney failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_MESH:C000657245_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 307 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_MESH:C000657245_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Women" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34466391_MESH:D007676_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "end-stage kidney disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25984581_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "25984581_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This report discusses the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, costs of care and the overall effect on caregivers and society. It also examines the challenges encountered by health care providers when disclosing an AD diagnosis to patients and caregivers. An estimated 5.3 million Americans have AD; 5.1 million are age 65 years, and approximately 200,000 are age <65 years and have younger onset AD. By mid-century, the number of people living with AD in the United States is projected to grow by nearly 10 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. Today, someone in the country develops AD every 67 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, resulting in nearly 1 million new cases per year, and the estimated prevalence is expected to range from 11 million to 16 million. In 2013, official death certificates recorded 84,767 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age 65 years. Between 2000 and 2013, deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke and prostate cancer decreased 14%, 23% and 11%, respectively, whereas deaths from AD increased 71%. The actual number of deaths to which AD contributes (or deaths with AD) is likely much larger than the number of deaths from AD recorded on death certificates. In 2015, an estimated 700,000 Americans age 65 years will die with AD, and many of them will die from complications caused by AD. In 2014, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.9 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $217 billion. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 years with AD and other dementias are more than two and a half times as great as payments for all beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2015 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 years with dementia are expected to be $226 billion. Among people with a diagnosis of AD or another dementia, fewer than half report having been told of the diagnosis by their health care provider. Though the benefits of a prompt, clear and accurate disclosure of an AD diagnosis are recognized by the medical profession, improvements to the disclosure process are needed. These improvements may require stronger support systems for health care providers and their patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 2632 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D006331_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D020521_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D011471_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1375, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1420, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003643_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1534, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 1722, 1728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003704_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1756 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1892, 1894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003704_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1905, 1914 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 2144, 2150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003704_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2169, 2177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_40", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 2217, 2223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_41", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 2244, 2246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D003704_42", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2258, 2266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_MESH:D000544_43", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AD" ], "offsets": [ [ 2425, 2427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "25984581_9606_44", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2623, 2631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7805281_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Developmental expression of cytokine genes in the cortex and hippocampus of the rat central nervous system." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "7805281_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cytokines are now considered as constitutive factors of the brain. Some of them are involved in the mechanism regulating lineage commitment and cellular differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS). We describe here the analysis of gene expression in cortex and hippocampus, of interleukin-1 alpha (IL1), interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-6 (IL6), macrophage-colony stimulating factor-1 (MCSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) in fetal (day 18 of gestation; G18), newborn (postnatal day 2; P2), young (postnatal day 21; P21) and adult rat using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL6 and MCP1 mRNA presented distinct patterns of expression levels: IL6 mRNA level is most highly expressed in the embryonic cortex, whereas MCP1 is expressed at a maximal level in the postnatal day 2 cortical area. In the hippocampus, IL6 is most expressed at the adult stage and MCP1 exhibits an equal level of expression from day two to the adult stage. However, under our experimental conditions, IL1 alpha, IL2 and MCSF mRNA were not observed. Thus, certain cytokine genes, each with a specific pattern, are expressed in the rat CNS in adult and during ontogenesis. These observations suggest that cytokines might be involved as regulating factors promoting CNS development." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1413 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7805281_10116_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24493_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-1 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 412 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24493" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_116562_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "116562" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_116562_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL2" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "116562" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24498_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24498" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24498_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL6" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24498" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_78965_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "macrophage-colony stimulating factor-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "78965" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_78965_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MCSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "78965" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24770_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "monocyte chemoattractant protein-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24770" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24498_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL6" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24498" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24498_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL6" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24498" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24498_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL6" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 973 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24498" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_24493_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL1 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24493" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_116562_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "116562" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_78965_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MCSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "78965" } ] }, { "id": "7805281_10116_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23187252_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Chiral meta-molecules consisting of gold nanoparticles and genetically engineered tobacco mosaic virus." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "23187252_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We demonstrate a chiral meta-molecule in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) regions using a complex of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Au NPs five nm in diameter are uniformly formed on peptide-modified TMV. The peptide-modified TMV with uniform-sized Au NPs has improved dispersion in solution. A negative circular dichroism (CD) peak is produced around 540 nm, at plasmonic resonance wavelength of Au NPs. Additionally, modification of a CD peak in the UV region is observed. Attaching NPs to a virus causes the enhancement and modification of CD peaks in both the UV and VIS regions. Our results open a new avenue for the preparation of three dimensional chiral metamaterials at optical frequencies." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 844 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23187252_12242_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco mosaic virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12242" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_MESH:D006046_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_12242_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco mosaic virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12242" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_12242_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "TMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12242" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_12242_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "TMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12242" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_12242_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "TMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12242" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_MESH:D006046_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "23187252_MESH:D006046_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 544 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4033890_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Epidural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] }, { "id": "4033890_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 45 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4033890_MESH:D006406_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hematoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006406" } ] }, { "id": "4033890_MESH:D001480_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "axonal injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001480" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14593912_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Oct-1 transcription factor--plasticity and polyfunctionality]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "14593912_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The problem considered is how one transcription factor controls numerous processes in the organism. The mechanisms determining the multiplicity of Oct-1 functions are described." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 241 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14593912_5451_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Oct-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 6 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5451" } ] }, { "id": "14593912_5451_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Oct-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5451" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11844260_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: demographic and clinical study of 750 patients from the European brain injury consortium survey of head injuries." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] }, { "id": "11844260_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: Previous reports identified the presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) on admission computed tomographic (CT) scans as an independent prognostic factor in worsening outcomes. The mechanism underlying the link between tSAH and prognosis has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CT evidence of tSAH and outcomes after moderate or severe head injuries. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European Brain Injury Consortium, data on initial severity, treatment, and subsequent outcomes were prospectively collected for 1005 patients with moderate or severe head injuries who were admitted to one of the 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The CT findings were classified according to the Traumatic Coma Data Bank classification system, and the presence or absence of tSAH was recorded separately in the initial CT scan forms. RESULTS: Complete data on early clinical features, CT findings, and outcomes at 6 months were available for 750 patients, of whom 41% exhibited evidence of tSAH on admission CT scans. There was a strong, highly statistically significant association between the presence of tSAH and poor outcomes. In fact, 41% of patients without tSAH achieved the level of good recovery, whereas only 15% of patients with tSAH achieved this outcome. Patients with tSAH were significantly older (median age, 43 yr; standard deviation, 21.1 yr) than those without tSAH (median age, 32 yr; standard deviation, 19.5 yr), and there was a significant tendency for patients with tSAH to exhibit lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores at the time of admission. A logistic regression analysis of favorable/unfavorable outcomes demonstrated that there was still a very strong association between tSAH and outcomes after simultaneous adjustment for age, Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Scores, and admission CT findings (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-3.55; P < 0.001). Comparison of the time courses for 164 patients with early (within 14 d after injury) deaths demonstrated very similar patterns, with an early peak and a subsequent decline; there was no evidence of a delayed increase in mortality rates for either group of patients (with or without tSAH). CONCLUSION: These findings for an unselected series of patients confirm previous reports of the adverse prognostic significance of tSAH. The data support the view that death among patients with tSAH is related to the severity of the initial mechanical damage, rather than to the effects of delayed vasospasm and secondary ischemic brain damage." ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 2754 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D001930_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D006259_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "head injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006259" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 518 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D006259_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "head injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006259" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D001930_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Brain Injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D006259_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "head injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006259" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003128_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Coma" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003128" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1480, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1516 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1620, 1624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1730, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003128_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Coma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1760, 1764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003128" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1937, 1941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003128_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Coma" ], "offsets": [ [ 2002, 2006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003128" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2159, 2167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003643_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 2206, 2212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003643_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2341, 2350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2377, 2385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2403, 2407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2465, 2473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2541, 2545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D003643_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 2578, 2583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_9606_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2590, 2598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D013345_38", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tSAH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2604, 2608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D020301_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vasospasm" ], "offsets": [ [ 2708, 2717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020301" } ] }, { "id": "11844260_MESH:D002546_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic brain damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 2732, 2753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002546" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10678823_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Interpreting differential temperature trends at the surface and in the lower troposphere" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "10678823_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Estimated global-scale temperature trends at Earth's surface (as recorded by thermometers) and in the lower troposphere (as monitored by satellites) diverge by up to 0.14 degrees C per decade over the period 1979 to 1998. Accounting for differences in the spatial coverage of satellite and surface measurements reduces this differential, but still leaves a statistically significant residual of roughly 0.1 degrees C per decade. Natural internal climate variability alone, as simulated in three state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean models, cannot completely explain this residual trend difference. A model forced by a combination of anthropogenic factors and volcanic aerosols yields surface-troposphere temperature trend differences closest to those observed." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 854 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10678823_12877_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "satellites" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12877" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16661166_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sequence Homology between Chloroplast DNAs from Several Higher Plants." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "16661166_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "An estimate has been made of the amount of sequence homology present in the chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) of several higher plants by the technique of DNA-DNA hybridization. Approximately 85% of tomato, 60% of spinach, 45% of kale, and 15% of barley ctDNA sequences were found to hybridize with tobacco ctDNA under conditions in which maximum hybridization in homologous reactions reached 85%. All heteroduplexes contained significant amounts of sequence mismatch as indicated by a 3 to 9 C decrease in melting temperature as compared to homoduplex.The data suggest that considerable sequence homology exists between the ctDNAs of these plants and that some sequences are held in common among all of the species tested." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 784 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16661166_3193_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Higher Plants" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3193" } ] }, { "id": "16661166_3193_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "higher plants" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3193" } ] }, { "id": "16661166_4081_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tomato" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4081" } ] }, { "id": "16661166_3562_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "spinach" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3562" } ] }, { "id": "16661166_4513_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "barley" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4513" } ] }, { "id": "16661166_4097_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tobacco" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4097" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6444135_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The API ZYM enzyme testing system as an aid to the rapid identification of Penicillium isolates." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "6444135_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The API ZYM strip is a commercially available, rapid, enzyme testing system. It has been demonstrated to be a useful method in certain areas of bacterial identification. Its suitability for the identification of filamentous fungi was evaluated, with encouraging results being obtained." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 382 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6444135_57379_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "aid" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57379" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9736911_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Early isotonic saline resuscitation from uncontrolled hemorrhage in rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "9736911_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Attempts to modify traditional fluid resuscitation have been based on animal models that evaluate several variables including anesthesia. This study presents the effects of early saline resuscitation from severe uncontrolled hemorrhage unanesthetized rats. METHODS: Sixty-three female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups: group A, nonresuscitated; and groups B and C, resuscitated ;with isotonic saline (40 and 80 mL/kg, respectively). Hemodynamics, blood loss, survival time, and mortality were recorded for 360 minutes after the hemorrhage, which was initiated by 75% resection of the tail. RESULTS: In group C, 80 mL/kg of saline significantly lowered mortality (24% vs 76% and 71% for groups A and B, respectively) with concomitant increases in mean survival time (241 +/- 103 min vs 146 +/- 108 and 175 +/- 92 min for groups A and B, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in blood loss, hematocrit, or hemodynamic parameters among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early and adequate isotonic saline resuscitation of unanesthetized rats improved outcome despite continuing hemorrhage. The significantly lower mortality rate and increased survival time were not a result of transiently improved arterial pressure and did not correlate with blood loss. No significant bleeding increases were noted in the resuscitated groups." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 1457 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006470_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006470_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Sprague-Dawley rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006473_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006473" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006470_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 650 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D003643_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006473_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006473" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006470_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D003643_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006473_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006473" } ] }, { "id": "9736911_MESH:D006470_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7373143_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Repetition of time-altered sentences by normal and learning disabled children." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "7373143_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 79 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7373143_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18663619_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction: flow-mediated dilation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "18663619_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "By the time the clinical findings of atherosclerotic disease appear, involvement is usually at an advanced stage and procedures after this stage are usually palliative or aimed at secondary protection. On the other hand, prevention can be achieved by the detection and treatment of endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the most important changes in the early subclinical stage of atherosclerotic disease. When the systemic involvement of endothelial dysfunction is taken into consideration, checking from the peripheral arteries with noninvasive methods gives one-to-one correct information. Currently, endothelial dysfunction can be detected using simple, inexpensive, and noninterventional methods. Particularly, easily accessible localization of the brachial artery is ideal for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction. Flow-mediated dilation method (FMD; endothelial-dependent vasodilation), which can be carried out noninvasively with ultrasonography on the brachial artery, is a frequently used method for the assessment of endothelial dysfunction. A sphygmomanometer is placed on the forearm to create a flow stimulation in the brachial artery. The sphygmomanometer is inflated until the systolic pressure is above 50 mm Hg, thus stopping the antegrade blood flow and creating ischemia. Consequently, vasodilation occurs at the resistance arteries distal to where the flow is blocked. When the sphygmomanometer is deflated, a reactive hyperemia occurs in the brachial artery. The % difference between the diameter measured after reactive hyperemia and the basal diameter is taken as FMD. The effects of the treatments on endothelial dysfunction can be monitored with this method. Studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptor blockers, latest-generation beta blockers such as nebivolol and carvediol, statins, estrogen treatment, diet, and exercise increase FMD. Before this method becomes a part of routine clinical evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, measurement technique and FMD values need to be standardized." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 2158 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18663619_MESH:D050197_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerotic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D050197_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerotic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D007511_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D006940_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D006940_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1614, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_1636_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme" ], "offsets": [ [ 1780, 1809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1636" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_1636_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1811, 1814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1636" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D000068577_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nebivolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1907, 1916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068577" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carvediol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1921, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D002318_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 2062, 2084 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "18663619_MESH:D002318_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 2086, 2089 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10954223_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "UVA1 for hypereosinophilic syndrome." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ] }, { "id": "10954223_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 37 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10954223_MESH:D017681_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypereosinophilic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017681" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20622068_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Functional identification of the Proteus mirabilis core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "20622068_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In this study, we report the identification of genes required for the biosynthesis of the core lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of two strains of Proteus mirabilis. Since P. mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae share a core LPS carbohydrate backbone extending up to the second outer-core residue, the functions of the common P. mirabilis genes was elucidated by genetic complementation studies using well-defined mutants of K. pneumoniae. The functions of strain-specific outer-core genes were identified by using as surrogate acceptors LPSs from two well-defined K. pneumoniae core LPS mutants. This approach allowed the identification of two new heptosyltransferases (WamA and WamC), a galactosyltransferase (WamB), and an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (WamD). In both strains, most of these genes were found in the so-called waa gene cluster, although one common core biosynthetic gene (wabO) was found outside this cluster." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1017 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20622068_584_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Proteus mirabilis" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "584" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_MESH:D008070_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_MESH:D008070_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharides" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_MESH:D008070_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LPSs" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_584_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Proteus mirabilis" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "584" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_584_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "P. mirabilis" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "584" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_573_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Klebsiella pneumoniae" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "573" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_MESH:D002241_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_584_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "P. mirabilis" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "584" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_573_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "K. pneumoniae" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "573" } ] }, { "id": "20622068_573_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "K. pneumoniae" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "573" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11572648_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A note on the charging of aerosols by overhead line corona." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "11572648_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Elevated concentrations of corona ions have been measured in the vicinity of high voltage overhead lines. It is shown that the integrated ion exposure of aerosols in the corona plume is of the order of (x/u)n(x) where n(x) is the ion concentration at distance x downwind from the line and u is the wind speed. Estimated ion exposures are of order 10(11) m(-3) x s, less then 1% of the 10(13) m(-3) x s needed to cause saturation charging of 20 nm aerosols. It is suggested that it is not valid to postulate that AC corona is a health hazard as a consequence of its charging aerosols in the size range 20-125 nm." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 671 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2306417_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evidence for the polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine in the Thai population." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "2306417_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Debrisoquine polymorphism has been studied extensively in Caucasian populations. The prevalence of the poor metaboliser phenotype is 3-10% in European and American Caucasian populations but appears to be very low in Asian populations. This study was carried out to determine the metabolic oxidation status in 173 Thai subjects. Phenotyping was performed using the metabolic ratio (MR) calculated as the 0-8 h urinary output of debrisoquine/0-8 h urinary output of 4-hydroxydebrisoquine after oral administration of 10 mg debrisoquine hemisulphate. Two subjects (1.2%) were phenotyped as poor metabolisers; they had MR values of 13.17 and 92.04. The incidence of the poor metaboliser phenotype of debrisoquine oxidation of 1.2% seems to be lower in the Thai population compared with that in various Caucasian populations." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 899 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2306417_MESH:D003647_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "debrisoquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003647" } ] }, { "id": "2306417_MESH:D003647_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Debrisoquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003647" } ] }, { "id": "2306417_MESH:D003647_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "debrisoquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 518 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003647" } ] }, { "id": "2306417_MESH:C012359_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "4-hydroxydebrisoquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C012359" } ] }, { "id": "2306417_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "debrisoquine hemisulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2306417_MESH:D003647_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "debrisoquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003647" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22864709_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Alpha-1 protease inhibitor and antichymotrypsin levels in acute pancreatitis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "22864709_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis with high mortality of severe onset is still a major problem in medicine. Early identification of the severity of the disease is critical for effective treatment. Many markers have been tried and are still being tested. The ideal marker should be able to identify the cases and distinguish between mild and severe. METHODS: This prospective study included 34 cases (14 males, 20 females, mean age: 58 years) of acute pancreatitis and 33 cases (17 males, 16 females, mean age: 53 years) as a control group. Mild (n=29) and severe (n=5) cases were compared with respect to serum levels of amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-protease inhibitor, and antichymotrypsin on admission and 24 and 48 hours (h) after admission. RESULTS: Alpha-1 protease inhibitor and antichymotrypsin levels were significantly elevated in the first 24 h; however, CRP peaked after 48 h in the acute pancreatitis group. While CRP showed significantly higher concentrations in patients with severe pancreatitis, alpha-1-protease inhibitor and antichymotrypsin levels changed slightly, but without significance, in severe cases. CONCLUSION: Alpha-1 protease inhibitor and antichymotrypsin are early events in acute pancreatitis, with high levels on admission. Activation of these variables declines after 24 h. These markers may have early diagnostic value in patients with acute pancreatitis. Because neither of them is good at discrimination of mild and severe cases in the disease, they should not be incorporated into routine clinical investigations." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 1641 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22864709_5265_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Alpha-1 protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5265" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_1401_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_1401_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_5265_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-1-protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 757 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5265" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_5265_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Alpha-1 protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5265" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_1401_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_1401_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CRP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_5265_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-1-protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5265" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_5265_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Alpha-1 protease inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5265" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22864709_MESH:D010195_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1479 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1706748_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Drug therapy of bacterial infections in patients with granulocytopenia]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "1706748_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 74 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1706748_MESH:D001424_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001424" } ] }, { "id": "1706748_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1706748_MESH:D000380_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granulocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000380" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "742115_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Effect of dopamin and isoproterenol on the myocardial oxygen consumption in the dog]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "742115_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 87 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "742115_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "742115_MESH:D007545_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007545" } ] }, { "id": "742115_MESH:D010100_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "742115_9615_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dog" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4057701_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cytophotometric DNA analysis of rectal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "4057701_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cytophotometric DNA analysis of rectal mucosa was carried out in 11 patients with ulcerative colitis, in attempt to determine the proliferative activity of rectal mucosa. There was no significant difference in the mean DNA value, modal DNA value, total variation of DNA content and population of over 3c cells of rectal mucosa between controls and the patients. However, the differential determination of the proliferative activity in the upper, middle and lower thirds of the crypt disclosed that a population of over 3c cells in the upper and middle thirds of the crypt was significantly larger in the patients with longstanding disease than in the controls." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 743 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4057701_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4057701_MESH:D003093_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcerative colitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003093" } ] }, { "id": "4057701_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4057701_MESH:D003093_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ulcerative colitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003093" } ] }, { "id": "4057701_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4057701_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 695 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20953844_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Calcium supplements: an additional source of lead contamination." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "20953844_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The risk posed by the quantity of heavy metal lead present in Ca supplements is of grave concern. Some lead levels have been measured up to the extent of regulatory limit set by the United States. Calcium supplements inevitably get contaminated with lead as both are naturally occurring elements having the same charge density. Therefore, it is imperative to indicate the level of this toxic metal in these supplements in order to create awareness among consumers. The calcium in the supplements is derived from natural as well as synthetic/refined sources (chelated or non-chelated). In this study, a sophisticated analytical technique, atomic absorption spectrometer (both with FAAS and GFAAS modes of atomization), was used for the purpose of analyzing Pb contents in 27 commonly used Ca supplements manufactured by different national and multinational companies. The daily intake of lead through these supplements was calculated. Only 10% of the calcium supplements analyzed met the criteria of acceptable Pb levels (1.5 mug/daily dose) in supplements/consumer products set by the United States. It was also found that Pb intake was highest in chelated calcium supplements whereas lowest through calcium supplements with vitamin D formulation. The Pb concentration in calcium supplements was significantly increased (p < 0.001) according to their composition. In order to validate our results from the study conducted, IAEA-certified reference material (animal bone, H-5) was analyzed for Pb levels. The limit of detection of the method used was 0.05 mug/g and a 95% lead recovery of IAEA-certified reference material (animal bone, H-5)." ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 1706 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D008670_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D008670_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D007854_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pb" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 823 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007854" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D007854_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pb" ], "offsets": [ [ 1075, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007854" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D007854_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pb" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007854" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D014807_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014807" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D007854_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pb" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007854" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D002118_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1337, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_MESH:D007854_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pb" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007854" } ] }, { "id": "20953844_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "IAEA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19794825_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "LAS0811: from combinatorial chemistry to activation of antioxidant response element." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "19794825_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The antioxidant response element (ARE) and its transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), are potential targets for cancer chemoprevention. We sought to screen small molecules synthesized with combinatorial chemistry for activation of ARE. By high-throughput screening of 9400 small molecules from 10 combinatorial chemical libraries using HepG2 cells with an ARE-driven reporter, we have identified a novel small molecule, 1,2-dimethoxy-4,5-dinitrobenzene (LAS0811), as an activator of the ARE. LAS0811 upregulated the activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a representative antioxidative enzyme regulated by ARE. It enhanced production of an endogenous reducing agent, glutathione (GSH). In addition, LAS0811 induced expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), which is an ARE-regulated enzyme with anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, LAS0811 reduced cell death due to the cytotoxic stress of a strong oxidant, t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Mechanistically, LAS0811 upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and promoted its translocation into the nuclei leading to subsequent ARE activation. Taken together, LAS0811 is a novel activator of the ARE and its associated detoxifying genes and, thus, a potential agent for cancer chemoprevention." ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 1372 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19794825_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_4780_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Nrf2" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4780" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606_3", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HepG2" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0027;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,2-dimethoxy-4,5-dinitrobenzene" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 585 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 623 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_1728_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1728" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_1728_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NQO1" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 690 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1728" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_MESH:D005978_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glutathione" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 816 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_MESH:D005978_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GSH" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005978" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_3162_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "heme oxygenase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 883 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3162" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_3162_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HO1" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3162" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_MESH:D020122_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "t-butyl hydroperoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020122" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "t-BOOH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_4780_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Nrf2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4780" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_-_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LAS0811" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19794825_MESH:D009369_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29488199_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The influencing factors of CO2 emission intensity of Chinese agriculture from 1997 to 2014." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 91 ] ] }, { "id": "29488199_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In China, agriculture produces the greatest chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions in wastewater and the most methane (CH4) emissions. It is imperative that agricultural pollution in China be reduced. This study investigated the influencing factors of the CO2 emission intensity of Chinese agriculture from 1997 to 2014. We analyzed the influencing factors of the CO2 emission intensity through the first-stage least-square regression. We also analyzed determinants of innovation through the second-stage least-square regression. We found that innovation negatively affected the CO2 emission intensity in the model of the nation. FDI positively affected innovation in China. It is important to enhance indigenous innovation for green agriculture through labor training and collaboration between agriculture and academia." ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 912 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29488199_MESH:D002245_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_MESH:D010100_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_MESH:D008697_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methane" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008697" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CH4" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_MESH:D002245_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_MESH:D002245_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "29488199_MESH:D002245_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7617432_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Perceiving heading in the presence of moving objects." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "7617432_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In most models of heading from optic flow a rigid environment is assumed, yet humans often navigate in the presence of independently moving objects. Simple spatial pooling of the flow field would yield systematic heading errors. Alternatively, moving objects could be segmented on the basis of relative motion, dynamic occlusion, or inconsistency with the global flow, and heading determined from the background flow. Displays simulated observer translation toward a frontal random-dot plane, with a 10 deg square moving independently in depth. The path of motion of the object was varied to create a secondary focus of expansion (FOE') 6 deg to the right or left of the actual heading point (FOE), which could bias the perceived heading. There was no effect when the FOE was visible, but when the object moved in front of it, perceived heading was biased toward the FOE' by approximately 1.9 degrees with a transparent object, and approximately 3.4 degrees with an opaque object. The results indicate that scene segmentation does not occur prior to heading estimation, which is consistent with spatial pooling weighted near the FOE. A simple template model based on large-field, center-weighted expansion units accounts for the data. This may actually represent an adaptive solution for navigation with respect to obstacles on the path ahead." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 1397 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7617432_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7617432_23063_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOE'" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 689 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23063" } ] }, { "id": "7617432_23063_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOE" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23063" } ] }, { "id": "7617432_23063_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOE" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23063" } ] }, { "id": "7617432_23063_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOE'" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 925 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23063" } ] }, { "id": "7617432_23063_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23063" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "486847_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Changes in the brain catecholamines in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "486847_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Brain monoamine concentrations were determined post mortem in 19 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. Samples were taken from 10 parts of the brain and compared with an age-matched control group. There were lower mean concentrations of dopamine in the demented group of patients in seven regions of the brain, and two of these were at a significant level. There were also significantly lower concentrations of homovanillic acid in the nucleus caudatus and in the putamen. The means of the concentrations of noradrenaline were also lower, and in the putamen and the cortex gyrus frontalis significant differnces were observed. The 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were slightly lower in the demented group but the differences did not reach significance. The degree of intellectual deterioration was negatively correlated with the noradrenaline concentrations in the hypothalamus and the cortex gyrus cinguli." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 995 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "486847_MESH:D002395_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "catecholamines" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002395" } ] }, { "id": "486847_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D000544_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia of Alzheimer" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "486847_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "monoamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "486847_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D000544_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia of Alzheimer" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D004298_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "486847_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D006719_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "homovanillic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006719" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D009638_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "noradrenaline" ], "offsets": [ [ 593, 606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D012701_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5-hydroxytryptamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D009638_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "noradrenaline" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "486847_MESH:D007029_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypothalamus" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007029" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13791875_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Blood pepsinogen and gastric erosions in the rat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "13791875_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 50 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13791875_MESH:D013274_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastric erosions" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "13791875_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34375365_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Clinical application of mask region-based convolutional neural network for the automatic detection and segmentation of abnormal liver density based on hepatocellular carcinoma computed tomography datasets." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 205 ] ] }, { "id": "34375365_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The aim of the study was to use a previously proposed mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) for automatic abnormal liver density detection and segmentation based on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) computed tomography (CT) datasets from a radiological perspective. Training and testing datasets were acquired retrospectively from two hospitals of Taiwan. The training dataset contained 10,130 images of liver tumor densities of 11,258 regions of interest (ROIs). The positive testing dataset contained 1,833 images of liver tumor densities with 1,874 ROIs, and negative testing data comprised 20,283 images without abnormal densities in liver parenchyma. The Mask R-CNN was used to generate a medical model, and areas under the curve, true positive rates, false positive rates, and Dice coefficients were evaluated. For abnormal liver CT density detection, in each image, we identified the mean area under the curve, true positive rate, and false positive rate, which were 0.9490, 91.99%, and 13.68%, respectively. For segmentation ability, the highest mean Dice coefficient obtained was 0.8041. This study trained a Mask R-CNN on various HCC images to construct a medical model that serves as an auxiliary tool for alerting radiologists to abnormal CT density in liver scans; this model can simultaneously detect liver lesions and perform automatic instance segmentation." ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 1598 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34375365_MESH:D006528_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D006528_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D006528_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D008113_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008113" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D008113_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008113" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D006528_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "34375365_MESH:D017093_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1540, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017093" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28244669_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "How to institute the low-FODMAP diet." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ] }, { "id": "28244669_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A diet low in poorly absorbed, fermentable, short chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) is an effective strategy to manage symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The diet has gained traction since its original description in Australia 10 years ago and is now an internationally accepted dietary management strategy for IBS. Randomized controlled trials have raised the profile of the low-FODMAP diet to become a viable first-line therapy for IBS, when implemented under a dietitian's guidance. Importantly, the diagnosis of IBS should be confirmed before commencement of the dietary approach. The skill set of the dietitian is then paramount to the success of the diet. Experience in gastrointestinal disorder management, consideration of symptom types, severity, baseline FODMAP intake, and overall nutritional content and meal pattern are vital in the assessment of the patient. If a strict low-FODMAP diet is deemed necessary, it should only be for an initial period of 4 to 6 weeks. Research suggests that a strict long-term, low-FODMAP diet may negatively impact intestinal microbiome. After the initial strict period, follow up with the dietitian should be conducted to achieve the overall goal-a relaxed FODMAP restriction that enables inclusion of prebiotic FODMAPs while still maintaining symptom relief. The diet will be effective in the vast majority of patients. For those in which it fails, FODMAPs should be reintroduced to the diet, and other dietary (or non-dietary) approaches should be considered." ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 1550 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28244669_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "short chain carbohydrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "FODMAPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D043183_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "irritable bowel syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D043183" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D043183_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBS" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D043183" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D043183_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBS" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D043183" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D043183_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBS" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D043183" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D043183_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IBS" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D043183" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_MESH:D005767_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrointestinal disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 744 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005767" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 914 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28244669_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29718640_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "SOMEONE TO LEAN ON: TPAPN Advocates Give Back to Nurses in Recovery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "29718640_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18679171_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Revisiting the host as a growth medium." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "18679171_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The ability of the human body to play host to bacterial pathogens has been studied for more than 200 years. Successful pathogenesis relies on the ability to acquire the nutrients that are necessary for growth and survival, yet relatively little is understood about the in vivo physiology and metabolism of most human pathogens. This Review discusses how in vivo carbon sources can affect disease and highlights the concept that carbon metabolic pathways provide viable targets for antibiotic development." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 544 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18679171_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18679171_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18679171_MESH:D002244_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002244" } ] }, { "id": "18679171_MESH:D002244_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002244" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13269988_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Our experience in hormonotherapy of functional hemorrhages]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "13269988_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 62 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13269988_MESH:D006470_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhages" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7303585_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Vegetative-vascular and visceral paroxysms in chronic cholecystitis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "7303585_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 71 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7303585_MESH:D002764_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "visceral paroxysms in chronic cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002764" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4766103_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Characterization of Pseudomonas species for indentification in the clinical laboratory." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "4766103_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 88 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10840757_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Glycosaminoglycan binding assays." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ] }, { "id": "10840757_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 34 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10840757_MESH:D006025_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Glycosaminoglycan" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006025" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26164210_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Which Pregnant Adolescents Would be Interested in Group-Based Care, and Why?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "26164210_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if pregnant adolescents interested in group-based prenatal care have different demographic and psychosocial characteristics than those interested in individual prenatal care. Factors that influence the preferred model of prenatal care patients were assessed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective comparison of demographic and psychosocial characteristics of 153 pregnant adolescents enrolled in an adolescent-oriented prenatal and pediatric program at Children's Hospital Colorado. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pregnant study participants were queried and their preferred mode of prenatal care and reasons for that preference were examined. RESULTS: Younger (16 years and younger) and primiparous adolescents were more likely to be interested in group care. Those not interested in group-based care were more likely to smoke and wanted to be pregnant. Most participants were interested in group-based prenatal care to belong to a peer group, receive additional education and support, and to have fun. Reasons participants were not interested in group-based care included concerns about belonging to a group, preferring individual care, and experiencing logistical concerns such as scheduling conflicts, limited transportation, and childcare resources. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying which patients are interested in group prenatal care influences development of the program model and recruiting procedures, maximizing the effectiveness of the program by offering services based on patient needs. Identifying factors that influence patients' prenatal care choices enables providers to offer support to reduce barriers to participation and structure care that is best suited to patients willing to commit to and engage in the program." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 1858 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26164210_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PARTICIPANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 670 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1657, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26164210_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1802, 1810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5961869_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Studies on verdohemochrome." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ] }, { "id": "5961869_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 28 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "289866_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hemodynamic correlates of saralasin: responsiveness in hypertension." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "289866_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "289866_MESH:D012504_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "saralasin" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012504" } ] }, { "id": "289866_MESH:D006973_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29117895_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Response." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ] }, { "id": "29117895_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 10 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19258159_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Radial head fractures--an update." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ] }, { "id": "19258159_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Radial head fractures are the most common fractures occurring around the elbow. Although radial head fractures can occur in isolation, associated fractures and ligament injuries are common. Assembling the clinical presentation, physical examination, and imaging into an effective treatment plan can be challenging. The characteristics of the radial head fracture influence the technique used to optimize the outcome. Fragment number, displacement, impaction, and bone quality are considered when deciding between early motion, fragment excision, and radial head excision, repair, or replacement. Isolated, minimally displaced fractures without evidence of mechanical block can be treated nonsurgically with early active range of motion (ROM). Partial, displaced radial head fractures without evidence of mechanical block can be treated either nonsurgically or with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), as current evidence does not prove superiority of either strategy. For displaced fractures with greater than 3 fragments, radial head replacement is recommended. Radial head arthroplasty may be preferred over tenuous fracture fixation in the setting of associated ligament injuries when maintenance of joint stability could be compromised by ineffective fracture fixation." ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 1312 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "19258159_MESH:D050723_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5843316_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Symposium: management of Meniere's disease. 3. Medical management of endolymphatic hydrops." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 91 ] ] }, { "id": "5843316_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 92 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5843316_MESH:D008575_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Meniere's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008575" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10575456_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[A case of spontaneous dissection of the infrarenal abdominal aorta treated by the positioning of a self-expanding metal prosthesis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "10575456_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10575456_MESH:D008670_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9907200_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Density-functional-theory calculations of static dipole polarizability of some ions of interest in Mossbauer spectroscopy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "9907200_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 123 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17222542_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Immunomodulating polysaccharides from the lichen Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "17222542_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Three heteroglycans Ths-4, Ths-5 and thamnolan and a beta-glucan, Ths-2, isolated from the lichen Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis were tested for in vitro immunomodulating activities and shown to have various influences on the immune system. All the polysaccharides except Ths-4 caused a stimulation of rat spleen cell proliferation. In contrast, Ths-4 caused cell death early in the culture, probably due to over-stimulation. Moreover, the galactofuranomannans, Ths-4, Ths-5 and the beta-glucan Ths-2, induced rat spleen cells to secrete IL-10 significantly above background levels. In addition, Ths-4 and Ths-5 stimulated significant TNF-alpha secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages. The galactofuranomannans Ths-4 and Ths-5 have similar structures apart from the molecular weight. Thus, it may be concluded that the molecular size might influence the potency but not the pattern of activity for Ths-4 and Ths-5. The galactofuranorhamnan thamnolan had less mitogenic effect than Ths-5 and Ths-2 and neither induced IL-10 secretion by rat spleen cells nor TNF-alpha secretion by peritoneal macrophages to significant levels. This shows that thamnolan with its unusual galactofuranorhamnan structure differs from the other Thamnolia polysaccharides in its immunomodulatory activity." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 1383 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17222542_MESH:D011134_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polysaccharides" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011134" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_1972712_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1972712" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D047071_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-glucan" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D047071" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_1972712_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1972712" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D011134_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polysaccharides" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011134" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "galactofuranomannans" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 561 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths-" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D047071_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-glucan" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D047071" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 601 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_10116_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_25325_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-10" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25325" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 700 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_24835_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_10116_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_-_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "galactofuranorhamnan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:C402834_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thamnolan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C402834" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_MESH:D013910_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013910" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_25325_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25325" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_10116_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_24835_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_-_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "galactofuranorhamnan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17222542_1972712_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Thamnolia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1972712" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31552215_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Affinity of Serum Albumin and Fibrinogen to Cellulose, Its Hydrophobic Derivatives and Blends." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "31552215_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This work describes the preparation of spin-coated thin polymer films composed of cellulose (CE), ethyl cellulose (EC), and cellulose acetate (CA) in the form of bi- or mono-component coatings on sensors of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Depending on the composition and derivative, hydrophilicity can be varied resulting in materials with different surface properties. The surfaces of mono- and bi-component films were also analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and large differences in the morphologies were found comprising nano- to micrometer sized pores. Extended protein adsorption studies were performed by a QCM-D with 0.1 and 10 mg mL-1 bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1 and 1 mg mL-1 fibrinogen from bovine plasma in phosphate buffered saline. Analysis of the mass of bound proteins was conducted by applying the Voigt model and a comparison was made with the Sauerbrey wet mass of the proteins for all films. The amount of deposited proteins could be influenced by the composition of the films. It is proposed that the observed effects can be exploited in biomaterial science and that they can be used to extent the applicability of bio-based polymer thin films composed of commercial cellulose derivatives." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1354 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31552215_280717_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Serum Albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "280717" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:D011108_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polymer" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011108" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:C013517_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethyl cellulose" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C013517" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:C013517_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EC" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C013517" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:C005062_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cellulose acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C005062" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:C565165_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bi-component films" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C565165" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_16728_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mL-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "16728" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_9913_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_280717_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "serum albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "280717" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_9913_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate buffered saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "31552215_MESH:D011108_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polymer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011108" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16194386_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[The burden caused by injury in countryside residents in Dongying, Shandong Province]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "16194386_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To make clear the burden of injury in residents living in countryside of Dongying, Shandong Province. METHODS: A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted among 15,276 residents in 20 villages of Dongying Municipality of Shandong Province with a multiphase cluster randomly sampling on cases of injury from March 1, 2002 to February 28, 2003. The injury was decided with three principles which had been carried out through the nation. The standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated on base of the population data of Shandong Province in 2000. The burden of injury was evaluated by incidence rate, mortality rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL) system, disability adjusted life year (DALY), direct and indirect economic costs, et al. RESULTS: Totally 902 were injured cases in which the crude incidence rate was 5.90%, and the standardized incidence rate was 5.93%. It was shown higher in men (7.79%) than in women (4.03%). The crude death rate was 12.438 per million. And the standardized death rate was 11.257 per million. 27 cases were crippled. The years, the working years and the valued years of the potential life lost were 24, 19.6 and 8.7 years respectively for each death case. Disability adjusted life years was 566.61 years. Direct economic cost for medical expenses of all cases was 816.3 thousand RMB Yuan and 200.1 thousand RMB Yuan for else costs. Indirect economic cost was 5,492.9 thousand RMB Yuan according to DALY. CONCLUSION: Injury was common incidence in rural residents in Dongying which caused a heavy burden on them. Prevention and control of injuries would be enhanced." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 1722 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16194386_MESH:D003643_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "16194386_MESH:D003643_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "16194386_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16194386_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16194386_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RMB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2798546_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Atropine effects on delayed discrimination performance of rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "2798546_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effects of atropine sulfate (ATS) and atropine methyl nitrate (ATM) on the conditional discrimination behavior of rats were investigated in eight-hour experimental sessions. Responding of rats was reinforced on either a lighted or a darkened lever depending on whether lights over both levers had been on during the preceding sample portion of the trial. Zero-delay and four-second-delay trials were randomly interspersed. Quality of performance was analyzed using the A' sensitivity measure of signal detection theory. Both drugs reduced both sensitivity and the percentage of trials on which responding occurred (percent response) below saline treatment levels. The two drugs did not reliably differ from each other in their effects on sensitivity during the zero-delay condition, but reliable differences between the two drugs emerged during the four-second-delay condition at doses above 0.8 mg/kg. Percent response recovered more rapidly for animals treated with ATS than responding occurred (percent response) below saline treatment levels. The two drugs did not reliably differ from each other in their effects on sensitivity during the zero-delay condition, but reliable differences between the two drugs emerged during the four-second-delay condition at doses above 0.8 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 1386 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2798546_MESH:D001285_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001285" } ] }, { "id": "2798546_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2798546_MESH:D001285_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "atropine sulfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001285" } ] }, { "id": "2798546_MESH:C006649_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "atropine methyl nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C006649" } ] }, { "id": "2798546_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2798546_10116_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27107268_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Measuring factor IX activity of nonacog beta pegol with commercially available one-stage clotting and chromogenic assay kits: a two-center study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "27107268_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "UNLABELLED: Essentials Validated assays are required to precisely measure factor IX (FIX) activity in FIX products. N9-GP and two other FIX products were assessed in various coagulation assay systems at two sites. Large variations in FIX activity measurements were observed for N9-GP using some assays. One-stage and chromogenic assays accurately measuring FIX activity for N9-GP were identified. SUMMARY: Background Measurement of factor IX activity (FIX:C) with activated partial thromboplastin time-based one-stage clotting assays is associated with a large degree of interlaboratory variation in samples containing glycoPEGylated recombinant FIX (rFIX), i.e. nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP). Validation and qualification of specific assays and conditions are necessary for the accurate assessment of FIX:C in samples containing N9-GP. Objectives To assess the accuracy of various one-stage clotting and chromogenic assays for measuring FIX:C in samples containing N9-GP as compared with samples containing rFIX or plasma-derived FIX (pdFIX) across two laboratory sites. Methods FIX:C, in severe hemophilia B plasma spiked with a range of concentrations (from very low, i.e. 0.03 IU mL(-1) , to high, i.e. 0.90 IU mL(-1) ) of N9-GP, rFIX (BeneFIX), and pdFIX (Mononine), was determined at two laboratory sites with 10 commercially available one-stage clotting assays and two chromogenic FIX:C assays. Assays were performed with a plasma calibrator and different analyzers. Results A high degree of variation in FIX:C measurement was observed for one-stage clotting assays for N9-GP as compared with rFIX or pdFIX. Acceptable N9-GP recovery was observed in the low-concentration to high-concentration samples tested with one-stage clotting assays using SynthAFax or DG Synth, or with chromogenic FIX:C assays. Similar patterns of FIX:C measurement were observed at both laboratory sites, with minor differences probably being attributable to the use of different analyzers. Conclusions These results suggest that, of the reagents tested, FIX:C in N9-GP-containing plasma samples can be most accurately measured with one-stage clotting assays using SynthAFax or DG Synth, or with chromogenic FIX:C assays." ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 2347 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27107268_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta pegol" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "27107268_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta pegol" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 827 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "27107268_MESH:D002836_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemophilia B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002836" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9911801_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Frequency-fluctuation model for line-shape calculations in plasma spectroscopy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "9911801_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 80 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2501125_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Desensitization of the stimulatory A2 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system in vascular smooth muscle cells from rat aorta." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 129 ] ] }, { "id": "2501125_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We have previously shown that adenylate cyclase present in rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells can be stimulated by adenosine, its analogs and other agonists. In the present studies, we have examined the effect of preexposure of aorta vascular smooth muscle cells to N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) on adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by NECA and other agonists. The vascular smooth muscle cells, when exposed to NECA, resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent loss of NECA-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. NECA stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by about 120% in control cells, which was decreased to 20% in cells pretreated with 50 microM NECA for 30 min at 37 degrees C. However, GTP-, isoproterenol-, and forskolin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activities were not affected by such treatment, suggesting that NECA treatment of the cells resulted in homologous desensitization. Similarly, the exposure of the cells to isoproterenol resulted in the desensitization of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity without affecting the NECA-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Furthermore, when NECA-treated cells were washed free of agonist, the desensitized state was reversed and the cells regained about 75% responsiveness to NECA stimulation of adenylate cyclase." ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 1434 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2501125_tmVar:c|SUB|A|2|A;HGVS:c.2A>A;VariantGroup:0_0", "type": "DNAMutation", "text": [ "A2 adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:c|SUB|A|2|A;HGVS:c.2A>A;VariantGroup:0" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D000241_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-ethylcarboxamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D000241_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 621 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D006160_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 843 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006160" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D007545_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007545" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D005576_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "forskolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005576" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D007545_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007545" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_MESH:D007545_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoproterenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007545" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2501125_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NECA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1396, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13054921_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The present state of surgery in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "13054921_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 73 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13054921_MESH:D014397_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34196193_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Giant Solid-Cystic Mesenteric Fibromatosis with Unusual Synchronous Skin Fibromatosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "34196193_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Mesenteric fibromatosis (MF) is a rare, locally aggressive tumor without distant metastasis, which has a high recurrence rate. Based on its location, it is classified as intra-abdominal, from abdominal wall, and extra-abdominal. The incidence of cystic-solid, retroperitoneal tumors is very low in comparison to other MF forms. Intra-abdominal MFs are asymptomatic in early stages, but their symptoms appear late in the tumor course. There is no specific imaging finding since radiological diagnosis is mostly impossible. Thus, diagnosis is made histopathologically. Nowadays, there is no consensus about its treatment although surgical resection is widely used. In the present study, a very rare case of cystic-solid retroperitoneal MF associated with separate synchronous skin tumors is reported." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 887 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34196193_MESH:D005350_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Fibromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005350" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D009378_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Synchronous Skin Fibromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009378" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D005350_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005350" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D001523_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggressive tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 153 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D012186_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "retroperitoneal tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 371 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012186" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34196193_MESH:D009378_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "synchronous skin tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009378" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27695511_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "27695511_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of 'named' methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities), and PYD outcomes (in personal, social, and physical domains). A model that distinguishes between implicit and explicit processes to PYD is presented." ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 1250 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10639606_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Long-term clinical and neurophysiological follow-up of patients with peripheral, neuropathy associated with benign monoclonal gammopathy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 137 ] ] }, { "id": "10639606_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The incidence of hematological malignancy in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) has been assessed as 17% to 25%. To ascertain whether this is true of neuropathy associated with MGUS, a long-term (5-42 years) retrospective clinical and neurophysiological follow-up was conducted in 50 cases (immunoglobulin M [IgM], n = 38; IgG, n = 11; IgA, n = 1). Only three patients developed hematological malignancy. Of 25 survivors with IgM paraproteinemia, 7 had myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies with typical clinical features. Evoked distal muscle amplitudes were significantly smaller than for the other paraprotein classes. Preferential distal demyelination manifested by relative prolongation of distal motor latency was not apparent in the cases of long duration. Two patients with IgM antidisialosyl antibodies and cold agglutinating activity had a large fiber neuropathy with intermittent oculofacial involvement. Both responded to intravenous immunoglobulin. Findings in the remaining patients were varied. Recognition of IgM subgroups is important both for prognosis and possible response to treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 1285 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10639606_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D009422_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D008998_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "benign monoclonal gammopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008998" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D019337_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hematological malignancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019337" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D009422_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D019337_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hematological malignancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 578 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019337" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D010265_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IgM paraproteinemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010265" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_4099_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "myelin-associated glycoprotein" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4099" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D003711_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "demyelination" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 834 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003711" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 955 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_MESH:D009422_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "10639606_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36317028_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Stress and Depression in Family Members of Patients with Dementia in Urban and Rural Communities: Cross-Sectional Surveys in Korea." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 131 ] ] }, { "id": "36317028_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Background: We compared the associations of socioeconomic factors with stress and depression among family members living with a dementia patient in urban and rural areas of South Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 9,730 (4,560 urban and 5,170 rural) participants in the Korean Community Health Survey from 2014-17. The variable of interest was the presence of a cohabitating dementia patient, and the dependent variables were stress and depression. Results: Family members living with a dementia patient in rural areas had a significantly lower socioeconomic status (education, household income, marital status, and employment) than those living in urban areas (p<0.001). In addition, family members living with a dementia patient in rural areas reported statistically significantly less stress and depression than did those in urban areas after adjusting for related factors(rural stress OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.80-0.95; rural depression OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.66-0.85). Female gender and a low family income were associated with stress and depression in both rural and urban areas. Age, educational attainment, number of family members, marital status, and employment status differed slightly between urban and rural areas. Conclusion: The socioeconomic factors associated with stress and depression differ slightly in the rural and urban areas of South Korea." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 1489 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D003704_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D003704_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D003704_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 585 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D003704_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 633 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D003704_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dementia" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 860 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003704" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 947 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rural stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rural depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000079225_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1413 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "36317028_MESH:D000275_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7216179_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Signet ring cell lymphoma: a case report." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "7216179_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The authors report a case of signet ring cell lymphoma, a rare variety of germinal (follicular) centre cell neoplasm. It clinical, histological and ultrastructural findings are compared with those of the nine cases previously described. Original immunocytochemical results are presented and discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 343 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7216179_MESH:D016399_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ring cell lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016399" } ] }, { "id": "7216179_MESH:D016399_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ring cell lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016399" } ] }, { "id": "7216179_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neoplasm" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21813977_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Spectroscopic and crystal field studies of YAlO(3) single crystals doped with Mn ions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "21813977_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Detailed analysis of the spectroscopic properties of the YAlO(3) crystals doped with manganese ions has been performed. The exchange charge model of the crystal field was used to calculate the crystal field parameters and energy levels of the Mn(4+) and Mn(5+) ions in YAlO(3). It was shown that both ions contribute to the formation of the absorption spectra. The calculated energy levels are in good agreement with the main observed absorption peaks. Comparison of the Racah parameters B for both ions in YAlO(3) with those for free ions shows a significant role played by the covalent effects, especially for Mn(5+)." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 706 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21813977_MESH:D008345_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "manganese" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008345" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31991931_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants Exposed to Heavy Metals." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "31991931_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Salicylic acid (SA) is a very simple phenolic compound (a C7H6O3 compound composed of an aromatic ring, one carboxylic and a hydroxyl group) and this simplicity contrasts with its high versatility and the involvement of SA in several plant processes either in optimal conditions or in plants facing environmental cues, including heavy metal (HM) stress. Nowadays, a huge body of evidence has unveiled that SA plays a pivotal role as plant growth regulator and influences intra- and inter-plant communication attributable to its methyl ester form, methyl salicylate, which is highly volatile. Under stress, including HM stress, SA interacts with other plant hormones (e.g., auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellin) and promotes the stimulation of antioxidant compounds and enzymes thereby alerting HM-treated plants and helping in counteracting HM stress. The present literature survey reviews recent literature concerning the roles of SA in plants suffering from HM stress with the aim of providing a comprehensive picture about SA and HM, in order to orientate the direction of future research on this topic." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 1166 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Salicylic Acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Salicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SA" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "C7H6O3" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SA" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D008670_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D019216_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HM" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019216" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SA" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl ester" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:C033069_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl salicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C033069" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D019216_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HM" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019216" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SA" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D007210_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "auxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 741 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007210" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D000040_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "abscisic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 756 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000040" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D005875_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gibberellin" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005875" } ] }, { "id": "31991931_MESH:D020156_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SA" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3779407_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reciprocal connections between the claustrum and visual thalamus in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "3779407_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We previously described the existence of reciprocal connections between the dorsal claustrum and striate cortex in the tree shrew, Tupaia glis. These projections were found to originate and terminate in a distinct topographic manner within the mid region of the upper portion of the dorsal claustrum. In this investigation, we examined the afferent and efferent projections between the claustrum and the lateral intermediate nucleus (Li) of the visual thalamus using small electrophoretic injections of anterograde and/or retrograde tracers (horseradish peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin/horseradish peroxidase, or tritiated amino acids) into the claustrum, as well as the Li. Following tracer injections in the dorsal claustrum, labeled cells and/or terminal grains were found throughout the Li, except at the more caudal levels where the activity was confined to the lateral and medial borders. Tracer injections within the same nuclear region of the dorsal thalamus confirmed the existence of reciprocal projections between the Li and the claustrum. Following anterograde tracer injections, labeled terminals were found only within the most ventral zone of the dorsal claustrum--the 'hilum'; while retrograde tracer injections, produced labeled cells principally along the outer margins of the claustrum, including the hilum and tended to encapsulate the nucleus at all levels. Both sets of labeled activity were found to extend in this specific fashion over the majority of the dorsal claustrum, but appeared not to overlap with regions interconnected with striate cortex. These results thus suggest that the claustrum is capable of exerting a neural influence on cortex directly as well as indirectly via the visual thalamus. However, since the thalamic projection terminates in a claustral region not known to project to visual cortex, it is uncertain what function such projections have within the claustrum. It is possible that since Li receives ascending projections from the pretectum and superior colliculus, that it provides a multisensory input to the claustrum for relay onto areas outside of primary visual cortex." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 2227 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3779407_9395_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tree shrew" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9395" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_9395_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Tupaia glis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9395" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_9395_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "tree shrew" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9395" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_9395_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Tupaia glis" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9395" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_3704_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horseradish" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3704" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_3704_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horseradish" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3704" } ] }, { "id": "3779407_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tritiated amino acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "816504_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Characterization of non-collagen proteins from mineralizing dentin]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "816504_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 70 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16509843_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Synchronous presentation of breast carcinoma with plasmacytoid cytomorphology and multiple myeloma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 99 ] ] }, { "id": "16509843_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Plasmacytoid morphology is often encountered in both lobular and ductal carcinomas of the breast. The presentation of breast carcinoma in patients with a known history of lymphoma or multiple myeloma has been described in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, the synchronous presentation of breast carcinoma and multiple myeloma has not been reported. Here we report the first case of the simultaneous occurrence of breast carcinoma with plasmacytoid morphology and multiple myeloma in a 74-year-old patient, which presented challenges in making the diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast." ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 732 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16509843_MESH:D001943_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D009101_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009101" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D001943_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D008223_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008223" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D009101_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009101" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D001943_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D009101_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 446 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009101" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D001943_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_MESH:D009101_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009101" } ] }, { "id": "16509843_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24501526_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Preliminary physico-chemical profile of Brahmi Ghrita." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "24501526_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Brahmi Ghrita was processed as per the process of Snehapaka procedure described in classics. It contained Brahmi (Bacopa monneri), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Kushtha (Sassurea lappa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulos pluricalis), and Purana Ghrita. In the preparation of Brahmi Ghrita, Brahmi Swarasa, Kalka Dravya of Brahmi, Vacha, Kushtha, and Shankhapushpi were mixed in Purana Ghrita and heated for three hours at 110 C every day for three days. On the third day Ghrita was filtered to obtain the finished product. In this manner, three samples of Brahmi Ghrita were prepared. To understand the changes that occurred during the preparation, Brahmi Ghrita and Purana Ghrita were analyzed by using modern parameters such as Acid value, Saponification value, and so on. After the analysis, it was found that the Acid values of Sample A, B, and C of Brahmi Ghrita were 4.26, 4.03, and 4.03; the Saponification values of Samples A, B, and C of Brahmi Ghrita were 227.2, 230.01, and 230.01, and the Iodine values of Samples A, B, and C were 34.75, 35.88, and 35.88, respectively, and the Acid value, Saponification value, and Iodine value of Purana Ghrita were 1.57, 199.15, and 31.04, respectively. The present study revealed that, there was no significant variation in the analytical values among all three samples of Brahmi Ghrita." ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 1378 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24501526_4465_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Acorus calamus" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4465" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20812027_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Religious coping and hospital admissions among adults with sickle cell disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "20812027_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although a well-established literature implicates religiosity as a central element of the African American experience, little is known about how individuals from this group utilize religion to cope with specific health-related stressors. The present study examined the relation between religious coping and hospital admissions among a cohort of 95 adults with sickle cell disease-a genetic blood disorder that, in the United States, primarily affects people of African ancestry. Multiple regression analyses indicated that positive religious coping uniquely accounted for variance in hospital admissions after adjusting for other demographic and diagnostic variables. Specifically, greater endorsement of positive religious coping was associated with significantly fewer hospital admissions (beta = -.29, P < .05). These results indicate a need for further investigation of the roles that religion and spirituality play in adjustment to sickle cell disease and their influence on health care utilization patterns and health outcomes." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1113 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20812027_MESH:D025861_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "genetic blood disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D025861" } ] }, { "id": "20812027_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16354775_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ant navigation: resetting the path integrator." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 46 ] ] }, { "id": "16354775_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Desert ants use path integration as their predominant system of long-distance navigation, but they also make use of route-defining and nest-defining visual landmarks. Such landmark-gained information might override the information provided by the path integrator, but nevertheless the path integrator keeps running. Here we show that only cues that are associated with the ant being inside the nest are able to reset the path integrator to zero state. Ants were captured at a feeder, i.e. without having run off their home vector, and were forced to enter the nest. On their next outbound run their walking direction differed by 180 degrees from that of ants that had also been captured at the feeder but instead of having been forced to enter the interior of the nest were released at its entrance. Whereas these latter ants still ran off their home vector pointing in the feeder-nest direction (and by this departed from the nest in a direction opposite to the feeder direction) the former ants had reset their home vector to zero state, and had therefore been able to reload their learned feeder vector, and consequently departed from the nest in the feeder direction. Owing to its egocentric nature the path-integrator is error prone. Hence, it is a suitable strategy to reset the path integrator if the ant has appeared at its final goal, the nest. Otherwise during consecutive foraging runs navigational errors would steadily increase." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 1488 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16354775_72791_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Desert ants" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "72791" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29674301_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reconsideration of a mathematical model for post-stenting fractional flow reserve in a tandem lesion with a side branch." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 120 ] ] }, { "id": "29674301_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 121 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12544210_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Red man syndrome and infliximab." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "id": "12544210_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 33 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12544210_MESH:D000069285_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "infliximab" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25402842_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Accuracy of Scheimpflug Holladay equivalent keratometry readings after corneal refractive surgery in the absence of clinical history." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "25402842_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the most accurate combination of Pentacam's equivalent keratometry readings (EKR) and intraocular lens power formula when the clinical history is unavailable. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients underwent cataract surgery after refractive surgery. The Pentacam 4.5- and 3.0-mm EKR were combined with the SRK II, SRK/T, Hoffer-Q, and Holladay I and II formulas. RESULTS: The smallest deviation from the predicted value was achieved by combining the 4.5 EKR with the Holladay II formula (mean arithmetic deviation, -0.2 +- 0.4 dpt). CONCLUSION: The 4.5-mm EKR + Holladay II formula can accurately calculate intraocular lens power in patients with previous refractive surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 854 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25402842_MESH:D003316_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_MESH:D009798_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intraocular" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 331, 339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_MESH:D002386_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cataract" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_7535_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SRK" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7535" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_MESH:D009798_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intraocular" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] }, { "id": "25402842_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 820 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1646052_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "CMV-induced augmentation of GVL effect may be mediated by cytokines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "1646052_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25752645_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Qiliqiangxin inhibits angiotensin II-induced transdifferentiation of rat cardiac fibroblasts through suppressing interleukin-6." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 127 ] ] }, { "id": "25752645_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, had long been used to treat chronic heart failure. Recent studies revealed that differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts played an important role in cardiac remodelling and development of heart failure, however, little was known about the underlying mechanism and whether QL treatment being involved. This study aimed to investigate the effects of QL on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced CFs transdifferentiation. Study was performed on in vitro cultured CFs from Sprague-Dawley rats. CFs differentiation was induced by AngII, which was attenuated by QL through reducing transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1 ) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Our data showed that AngII-induced IL-6 mRNA as well as typeI and typeIII collagens were reduced by QL. IL-6 deficiency could suppress TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA, and both IL-6 siRNA and QL-mediated such effect was reversed by foresed expression of recombined IL-6. Increase in actin stress fibres reflected the process of CFs differentiation, we found stress fibres were enhanced after AngII stimulation, which was attenuated by pre-treating CFs with QL or IL-6 siRNA, and re-enhanced after rIL-6 treatment. Importantly, we showed that calcineurin-dependent NFAT3 nuclear translocation was essential to AngII-mediated IL-6 transcription, QL mimicked the effect of FK506, the calcineurin inhibitor, on suppression of IL-6 expression and stress fibres formation. Collectively, our data demonstrated the negative regulation of CFs differentiation by QL through an IL-6 transcriptional mechanism that depends on inhibition of calcineurin/NFAT3 signalling." ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 1809 ] ] } ]

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