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[ { "id": "9683295_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Prognostic significance of the bcl-2 apoptotic family of proteins in primary and recurrent cervical cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "9683295_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "bcl-2 is one of a family of genes that control the apoptotic threshold of a cell. bcl-2 protein and its anti-apoptotic homologue, mcl-1, with the pro-apoptotic protein, bax, are thought to function by forming homo- and heterotypic dimers that then control the progression to apoptosis. p53 is also involved as a down-regulator of bcl-2 and a promoter of bax. To determine the effect of these apoptotic mechanisms, we used immunohistochemistry to determine the prognostic significance of the expression of bcl-2, mcl-1, bax and p53 in primary and recurrent cervical cancer. Tissues from 46 patients with primary cervical cancer and 28 women with recurrent carcinoma were stained for bcl-2, mcl-1, bax and p53. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test for differences between groups. In the primary disease group, positive staining for bcl-2 was associated with a better 5-year survival (bcl-2 +ve, 84% vs bcl-2 -ve, 53%, P = 0.03). Positive staining for p53 was associated with a survival disadvantage (p53 +ve, 4-year survival 38% vs p53 -ve, 4-year survival 78%, P = 0.02). mcl-1 and bax staining were not useful as prognostic indicators in primary disease. No marker was prognostic in recurrent disease. Positive bcl-2 staining defines a group of patients with primary disease with a good prognosis. p53, an activator of the bax promoter, identifies a group with a worse outcome. In recurrent disease, none of the markers reflected prognosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1580 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9683295_596_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_4170_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mcl-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4170" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 618 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_4170_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mcl-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4170" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 630 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 638 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_MESH:D009369_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_MESH:D009369_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_4170_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mcl-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4170" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_4170_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mcl-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4170" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_596_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1385, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_7157_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "9683295_581_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "bax" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3332484_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hyperthermia effects on the cytoskeleton and on cell morphology." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "3332484_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Human erythrocyte ghost membranes undergo five thermal transitions at temperatures between 50 and 75 degrees C. Spontaneous fragmentation of whole cells occurs at 50 degrees C, a transition temperature which has been associated with denaturation of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin. Haemolysis occurs at 65 degrees C and microvesiculation of the resulting ghost membrane is seen at temperatures in excess of 70 degrees C. The cell fragmentation develops through spatially periodic growth of surface waves on the erythrocyte membrane. The interfacial instability associated with the surface wave growth arises from thermal impairment of the stabilizing function of spectrin. Interfacial instability is also associated with the beading pattern which arises when long processes drawn mechanically from erythrocytes are heated. Similar beading of cell processes is a feature of many cytoskeleton-weakening agents acting on nonerythroid cells. The complexities of the cytoskeletons of eucaryotic cells including structure, composition and interaction of cytoskeletal microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments, both with each other and with the cell membrane, are outlined. Attention is drawn to the importance of the function of proteins which interact with the cytoskeletal elements and to the influence of calcium concentration on those proteins. Actin monomers are denatured (and are no longer polymerizable) at temperatures a few degrees above the growth temperature of the cell source of the actins. Actin in the filament form requires much higher denaturation temperatures. This greater thermal lability of actin monomers would be expected to result (because of treadmilling in microfilaments) in a gradual depolymerization of the filaments. Depolymerization of microtubules occurs at temperatures close to the cell growth temperature and may be dependent on a thermal effect on microtubule-associated proteins. The response of spread interphase mammalian cells to temperatures around 43 degrees C includes central retraction of membrane, loss of microvilli, concentration of organelles in a juxtanuclear position, rounding up of the cell, retention of contact with the substratum by processes which are sometimes beaded and blebbing of the cell membrane. The morphological effects of heat are compared here with those of cytochalasin, colcemid and a number of morphology modifying agents. Blebbing of membrane is a fairly general response of cells to stress. Proteins in blebs diffuse as if released from a lateral constraint. Moderate heating has been shown to cause cortical microfilament separation from the plasma membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 2742 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3332484_MESH:D005334_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hyperthermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "3332484_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3332484_MESH:D002118_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "3332484_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 2027, 2036 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3332484_MESH:D003572_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cytochalasin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2403, 2415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003572" } ] }, { "id": "3332484_MESH:D003703_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "colcemid" ], "offsets": [ [ 2417, 2425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003703" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33685617_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reply to \"New aspects of fundamental pathology and environmental control: Important issues in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis\"." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 129 ] ] }, { "id": "33685617_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 130 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33685617_MESH:D055744_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D055744" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15679714_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 158 ] ] }, { "id": "15679714_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite treatment according to current asthma management guidelines have a significant unmet medical need. Such patients are at high risk of serious exacerbations and asthma-related mortality. METHODS: Here, we pooled data from seven studies to determine the effect of omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody, on asthma exacerbations in patients with severe persistent asthma. Omalizumab was added to current asthma therapy and compared with placebo (in five double-blind studies) or with current asthma therapy alone (in two open-label studies). The studies included 4308 patients (2511 treated with omalizumab), 93% of whom had severe persistent asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 classification. Using the Poisson regression model, results were calculated as the ratio of treatment effect (omalizumab : control) on the standardized exacerbation rate per year. RESULTS: Omalizumab significantly reduced the rate of asthma exacerbations by 38% (P < 0.0001 vs control) and the rate of total emergency visits by 47% (P < 0.0001 vs control). Analysis of demographic subgroups showed that the efficacy of omalizumab on asthma exacerbations was unaffected by patient age, gender, baseline serum IgE (split by median) or by 2- or 4-weekly dosing schedule, although benefit in absolute terms appeared to be greatest in patients with more severe asthma, defined by a lower value of percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that omalizumab may fulfil an important need in patients with severe persistent asthma, many of whom are not adequately controlled on current therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 1930 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15679714_3497_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgE" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3497" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D003643_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_3497_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "anti-immunoglobulin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3497" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_3497_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgE" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3497" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 610 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D000069444_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Omalizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069444" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 768 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 846 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D000069444_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Omalizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069444" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "omalizumab on asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_3497_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1489 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3497" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1634, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1828, 1836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15679714_MESH:D001249_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1860, 1866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29463777_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The intracellular pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase NT5C3A is a negative epigenetic factor in interferon and cytokine signaling." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "29463777_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The enzyme pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (NT5C3A), which mediates nucleotide catabolism, was previously thought to be restricted to blood cells. We showed that expression of the gene encoding NT5C3A was induced by type I interferons (IFNs) in multiple cell types and that NT5C3A suppressed cytokine production through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. NT5C3A expression required both an intronic IFN-stimulated response element and the IFN-stimulated transcription factor IRF1. Overexpression of NT5C3A, but not of its catalytic mutants, suppressed IL-8 production by HEK293 cells. Whereas knockdown of NT5C3A enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated IL-8 production, it reduced the IFN-mediated suppression of Il8 expression. Overexpression of NT5C3A increased the abundance of NAD+ and the activation of the sirtuins SIRT1 and SIRT6, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases. NT5C3A-stimulated sirtuin activity resulted in deacetylation of histone H3 and the NF-kappaB subunit RelA (also known as p65), both of which were associated with the proximal region of the Il8 promoter, thus repressing the transcription of Il8 Together, these data identify an anti-inflammatory pathway that depends on the catalytic activity of NT5C3A and functions as a negative feedback regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1462 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29463777_MESH:C030986_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030986" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_MESH:C030986_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030986" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_4790_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NF-kappaB" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4790" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_3659_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IRF1" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3659" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_3576_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-8" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3576" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_NCBITaxID:9606_11", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HEK293" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_MESH:D009336_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_3576_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Il8" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3576" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_MESH:D009243_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NAD+" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_23411_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SIRT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23411" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51548_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SIRT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51548" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_4790_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NF-kappaB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4790" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_5970_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RelA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5970" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_3576_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Il8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3576" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_3576_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Il8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3576" } ] }, { "id": "29463777_51251_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NT5C3A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51251" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28839028_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Eight Whole-Genome Assemblies of Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. caucasica Isolated from the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) Plague Focus in Dagestan, Russia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 161 ] ] }, { "id": "28839028_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We here report the draft genome sequences of 8 Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv. caucasica strains isolated from the East Caucasian (previous name, Dagestan) mountain focus (no. 39), representing the most ancient branch of the 0.PE2 phylogroup circulating in populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis)." ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 470 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28839028_1234659_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1234659" } ] }, { "id": "28839028_47230_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Common Vole" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "47230" } ] }, { "id": "28839028_47230_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Microtus arvalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "47230" } ] }, { "id": "28839028_1234659_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Yersinia pestis subsp. microtus bv" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1234659" } ] }, { "id": "28839028_47230_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "common voles" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "47230" } ] }, { "id": "28839028_47230_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Microtus arvalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "47230" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8333281_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor in normal children and patients treated by hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "8333281_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In an attempt to establish the reference data of plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in different age groups and to evaluate plasma ANF changes before and after hemodialysis (HD) and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), fifty normal healthy children and 20 children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were included. Ten ESRD children received HD and 15 received CAPD therapy. Five cases received HD in the earlier period and then CAPD. The results showed that in normal children, at the age of under one month, there were higher plasma ANF levels. As age increased, plasma ANF levels progressively decreased. During the ESRD before dialysis, there was a significantly increased plasma ANF level (434.1 +/- 80.1 vs 17.5 +/- 2.3 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). Both HD and CAPD reduced the plasma ANF of patients to a lower degree, but the result was still higher than that in normal controls. There were significantly decreased plasma ANF level in the patients with CAPD therapy than those with HD (71.8 +/- 13.7 vs 270.3 +/- 51.9 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). The change of ANF levels was positively correlated with the body weight change and creatinine change after HD." ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 1328 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8333281_4878_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "atrial natriuretic factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "atrial natriuretic factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_MESH:D007676_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "end-stage renal disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_MESH:D007676_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESRD" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 479 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_MESH:D007676_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESRD" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 719 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 756 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_MESH:D007676_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ESRD" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 804 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007676" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_4878_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ANF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4878" } ] }, { "id": "8333281_MESH:D003404_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "creatinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003404" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "402232_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Binding sites for 3H-Leu-enkephalin in rat straitum]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "402232_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The binding of 3H-Leu-Enkephalin to a particulate fraction from Rat striatum has been investigated in the presence of 20 mum bacitracin which prevents its hydrolysis. After deduction of a low-affinity, \"non-saturable\" component, the saturation kinetics at equilibrium provide evidence for two distinct saturable sites. The first exhibits Michaelis kinetics with a Kd value of 2.7 +/- 0.1 nM; both morphine and naloxone compete with the binding of 3H-Leu-Enkephalin on this site but not on the second one. The marked decrease in binding of 3H-Leu-Enkephalin observed in the presence of high concentration of sodium ions indicates that these two pentapeptides have the same properties as morphinomimetic analgesics. Taken together, these data indicate that the first site is identical to the \"opiate receptor\", while the nature of the second saturable site remains to be established." ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 936 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "402232_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3H-Leu-enkephalin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "402232_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "402232_29237_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Enkephalin" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29237" } ] }, { "id": "402232_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "402232_MESH:D001414_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bacitracin" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001414" } ] }, { "id": "402232_MESH:D009020_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009020" } ] }, { "id": "402232_MESH:D009270_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "naloxone" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009270" } ] }, { "id": "402232_29237_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Enkephalin" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29237" } ] }, { "id": "402232_29237_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Enkephalin" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 611 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29237" } ] }, { "id": "402232_MESH:D012964_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8778220_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Follicular variation in ovarian 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) activities: evidence for the paracrine inhibition of 11 beta HSD in human granulosa-lutein cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 180 ] ] }, { "id": "8778220_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We have previously shown that detectable metabolism of cortisol to cortisone by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) in human granulosa-lutein cells, pooled for each patient from all aspirated ovarian follicles, is associated with failure to conceive by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The aims of the present study were to assess: (1) the variation in the 11 beta HSD activities of granulosa-lutein cells obtained from individual follicles in relation to oocyte maturity and (2) whether the 11 beta HSD activity of pooled granulosa-lutein cells reflects the 11 beta HSD activities of the individual follicles for a given patient. 11 beta HSD activities were measured in intact cells in serum-free medium by a radiometric conversion assay (100 nmol/l [3H]cortisol to [3H]cortisone). Follicular 11 beta HSD activities ranged from < 10 (undetectable) to 514 pmol/mg protein per 4 h (n = 105 follicles from 12 patients) and did not correlate with oocyte maturity. In three separate patients, the follicular 11 beta HSD activities ranged from < 10 to 117 pmol/mg protein per 4 h (n = 8 follicles), 19 to 514 pmol/mg per 4 h (n = 9) and 60 to 390 pmol/mg per 4 h (n = 8). The 11 beta HSD activities of the corresponding multi-follicular pools of cells were < 10, < 10 and 44 pmol/mg per 4 h respectively, all of which were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the arithmetic means for the activities in the individual follicles (52, 132 and 215 pmol/mg per 4 h respectively). Likewise, the 11 beta HSD activities of two independent multi-patient pools of cells were significantly lower than the mean values of the 11 beta HSD activities of the appropriate individual patients. We conclude that ovarian 11 beta HSD activity varies between follicles and that co-culture of granulosa-lutein cells with low enzyme activity can suppress the ovarian 11 beta HSD activity in cells from different follicles (or patients) with high rates of cortisol metabolism. Hence, these data indicate the potential for paracrine inhibition of ovarian 11 beta HSD activity in human granulosa-lutein cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 2284 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8778220_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D006854_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006854" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D003348_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cortisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003348" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D011015_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aspirated ovarian" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011015" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D014316_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3H" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 961 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014316" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D006854_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006854" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "[3H]cortisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1114, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1485, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_168741_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "per 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "168741" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1868, 1876 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2104, 2112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_MESH:D006854_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2133, 2141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006854" } ] }, { "id": "8778220_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 2255, 2260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4426985_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Automated quality control for the haematology laboratory." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "4426985_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Two simple methods of using sophisticated statistical techniques to analyse intralaboratory quality control data are described. One method uses a plastic grid to assess the cumulative sum (cusum) graph. An equivalent procedure, which may be carried out by a laboratory computer, gives automated on-line quality control of the Coulter S blood counter. The possible development of simple apparatus to carry out the same function is discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 498 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17270291_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "RCAN3, a novel calcineurin inhibitor that down-regulates NFAT-dependent cytokine gene expression." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "17270291_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The regulators of calcineurin (RCAN) proteins, previously known as calcipressins, have been considered to be a well conserved family from yeast to human based on the conservation of their FLISPP motif. Here, after performing a RCAN comparative genomic analysis we propose the existence of a novel functionally closely related RCAN subfamily restricted to vertebrates, the other RCAN proteins being considered only as distantly related members of the family. In addition, while three paralogous RCAN genes are found in vertebrates, there is only one in the other members of Eukarya. Moreover, besides the FLISPP motif, these paralogous genes have two others conserved motifs, the Cn-inhibitor RCAN (CIC) and the PxIxxT, which are restricted to vertebrates. In humans, RCAN1 and RCAN2 bind and inhibit Cn through their C-terminal region. Given the high amino acid identity in this region among human RCANs, authors in the field have hypothesized a role for RCAN3 in inhibiting Cn activity. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that human RCAN3, encoded by the RCAN3 (also known as DSCR1L2) gene, interacts physically and functionally with Cn. This interaction takes place only through the RCAN3 CIC motif. Overexpression of this sequence inhibits Cn activity towards the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors and down-regulates NFAT-dependent cytokine gene expression in activated human Jurkat T cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 1528 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17270291_11123_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN3" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_4932_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "FLISPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RCAN" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 863 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_1827_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 870 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1827" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_10231_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN2" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10231" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "RCANs" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_11123_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_11123_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_11123_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_11123_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DSCR1L2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_11123_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RCAN3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11123" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17270291_CVCL:0065_17", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "Jurkat T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:0065" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14592698_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new sublingual tablet system for rapid oromucosal absorption using fentanyl citrate as the active substance." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "14592698_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Oromucosal delivery of drugs promotes rapid absorption and high bioavailability, with subsequent almost immediate onset of pharmacological effect. However, many oromucosal delivery systems are compromised by the possibility of the patient swallowing the active substance before it has been released and absorbed locally into the systemic circulation. This paper introduces a new tablet system for sublingual administration and rapid drug absorption. The tablet is based on interactive mixtures of components, consisting of carrier particles partially covered by fine dry particles of the drug, in this case fentanyl citrate. In the interests of increasing retention of the drug at the site of absorption in the oral cavity, a bioadhesive component was also added to the carrier particles. Tablets containing 100, 200 and 400 microg of fentanyl were tested both in vitro and in vivo. The tablets disintegrated rapidly and dissolution tests revealed that fentanyl citrate was dissolved from the formulation almost instantly. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl were obtained within 10 min, with no second peak. These results indicated that the bioadhesive component prevented the fentanyl from being swallowed (the fraction swallowed was considered smaller compared to other mucosal delivery systems), without hindering its release and absorption. This new sublingual tablet formulation may also hold potential for other substances where a rapid onset of effect is desirable." ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 1617 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 989 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] }, { "id": "14592698_MESH:D005283_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005283" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24224157_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Direct cell lysis for single-cell gene expression profiling." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "24224157_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The interest to analyze single and few cell samples is rapidly increasing. Numerous extraction protocols to purify nucleic acids are available, but most of them compromise severely on yield to remove contaminants and are therefore not suitable for the analysis of samples containing small numbers of transcripts only. Here, we evaluate 17 direct cell lysis protocols for transcript yield and compatibility with downstream reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Four endogenously expressed genes are assayed together with RNA and DNA spikes in the samples. We found bovine serum albumin (BSA) to be the best lysis agent, resulting in efficient cell lysis, high RNA stability, and enhanced reverse transcription efficiency. Furthermore, we found direct cell lysis with BSA superior to standard column based extraction methods, when analyzing from 1 up to 512 mammalian cells. In conclusion, direct cell lysis protocols based on BSA can be applied with most cell collection methods and are compatible with most analytical workflows to analyze single-cells as well as samples composed of small numbers of cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 1179 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24224157_213_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "serum albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "24224157_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 938 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18633326_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and lung cancer risk." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "18633326_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Most studies on the association between lung cancer and air pollution have investigated mortality. There have been few studies of lung cancer incidence. METHODS: We used data from the ongoing Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer for 114,378 subjects with follow-up from September 1986 to December 1997. Exposure to black smoke, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter < or =2.5 microm (PM2.5) and traffic intensity variables (intensity on nearest road, intensity in a 100 m buffer, and an indicator variable for living close to a major road) were estimated at the home address. We conducted Cox proportional hazard analyses in the full cohort adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and area-level socioeconomic status. We also carried out case-cohort analyses using more potential confounders on a subset of study participants for whom complete information from the baseline questionnaire had been processed. RESULTS: Adjusted analyses included 1940 cases for the full cohort and 1295 cases for the case-cohort analysis. Relative risks (RRs) for the overall air pollution concentrations were slightly below unity, and for the traffic variables RRs were slightly elevated. Risk was elevated among people who never smoked cigarettes (40,114 participants; 252 cases), with RRs of 1.47 (95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.16) for overall black smoke concentration, 1.11 (0.88-1.41) for traffic intensity on nearest road, and 1.55 (0.98-2.43) for living near a major road. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for an association of exposure to black smoke and traffic with lung cancer incidence in people who had never smoked. No associations were found for the full cohort, or for other categories of smoking." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 1820 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18633326_MESH:D008175_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D008175_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D008175_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D009584_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D013458_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfur dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013458" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D013458_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013458" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1362, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_MESH:D008175_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1683, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "18633326_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 1708, 1714 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28089610_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Exercise Training in the United States." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "28089610_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity (PA) and exercise training in the United States. Overall, there is a low prevalence of meeting the current PA guidelines in all age, sex and race/ethnic groups. Among adults the prevalence of meeting the aerobic component of the guidelines is approximately 51%, whereas the prevalence of meeting both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines is approximately 23%. Approximately 27% of high school students meet the aerobic component of the pediatric guidelines (60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous activity), and the proportion of youth meeting the guidelines decreases with advancing age. Further research is required to promote physically active lifestyles across the age spectrum in order to achieve optimal health benefits for the overall population." ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 951 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30981813_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, differentially modulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "30981813_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), is a stress response protein that is involved in the inhibition of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Initial studies have linked NDRG1 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Considering this, we extensively examined the mechanism by which NDRG1 regulates the ER stress response in pancreatic and colon cancer cells. We also examined the anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), which induces NDRG1 expression and causes ER stress. The expression of NDRG1 was demonstrated to regulate the three main arms of the ER stress response by: (1) increasing the expression of three major ER chaperones, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), calreticulin, and calnexin; (2) suppressing the protein kinase, RNA-activated (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK); (3) inhibiting the inositol-requiring kinase 1alpha (IRE1alpha) arm; and (4) increasing the cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). An important finding was that NDRG1 enhances the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity of Dp44mT. This increased efficacy could be related to the following effects in the presence of Dp44mT and NDRG1, namely: markedly increased activation of the PERK target, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha); the maintenance of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression; high cytosolic Ca+2 that increases the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis via activation of the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signaling cascade; and increased pro-apoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Collectively, this investigation dissects the molecular mechanisms through which NDRG1 manipulates the ER stress response and its ability to potentiate the activity of the potent anti-cancer agent, Dp44mT." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1947 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30981813_10397_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "N-myc downstream regulated gene-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_MESH:D010190_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatic and colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010190" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_MESH:D013882_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiosemicarbazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013882" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_MESH:C539263_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Dp44mT" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 605 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539263" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 627 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_3309_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "binding immunoglobulin protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3309" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_3309_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BiP" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3309" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_811_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calreticulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "811" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_821_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calnexin" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "821" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_9451_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9451" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_2081_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IRE1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2081" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_22926_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "activating transcription factor 6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "22926" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_22926_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ATF6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "22926" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_9451_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9451" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_83939_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83939" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_83939_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "eIF2alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83939" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_468_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "activating transcription factor 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "468" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_468_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ATF4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "468" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_818_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calmodulin-dependent kinase II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_818_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CaMKII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_1649_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C/EBP-homologous protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1722 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1649" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_1649_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1724, 1728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1649" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_10397_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NDRG1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1823, 1828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10397" } ] }, { "id": "30981813_MESH:D009369_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1926, 1932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5867605_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Cyclocryocoagulation in the treatment of uveal glaucoma]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "5867605_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 59 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5867605_MESH:D005901_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glaucoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005901" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7735056_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The ECP-IM intervention study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ] }, { "id": "7735056_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 31 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6705212_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Incidence of \"flipped\" lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern (LD1 greater than LD2) in specimens with normal total lactate dehydrogenase from coronary-care patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 167 ] ] }, { "id": "6705212_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 168 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6705212_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24567209_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An invertebrate embryologist's guide to routine processing of confocal images." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "24567209_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "It is almost impossible to use a confocal microscope without encountering the need to transform the raw data through image processing. Adherence to a set of straightforward guidelines will help ensure that image manipulations are both credible and repeatable. Meanwhile, attention to optimal data collection parameters will greatly simplify image processing, not only for convenience but for quality and credibility as well. Here I describe how to conduct routine confocal image processing tasks, including creating 3D animations or stereo images, false coloring or merging channels, background suppression, and compressing movie files for display." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 727 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21287282_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The advantages of humeral anteromedial plate osteosynthesis in the middle third shaft fractures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "21287282_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Humeral shaft fractures account for 1.2% of all fractures and occur in a slightly younger population. Their causes include a fall from standing or from height, motor vehicle accident, but can be also pathological. In order to clarify which of both surgeries we performed in our Department for treating humeral shaft fractures had more advantages (anterolateral or anteromedial plating through anterolateral approach) we analyzed incidence of postoperative iatrogenic radial palsies and mean operation time required to complete each surgery. METHODS: During January 1992 to December 2009 on Department of Surgery, Division for Traumatology of Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 420 patients (340 males and 80 females with mean age of 38.11 +- 9.29 years) were treated for middle third humeral shaft fracture by anterolateral approach and internal fixation using AO/DCP or LCP plates that was positioned on anteromedial humeral surface in 141 patients (33.57%) and on anterolateral humeral surface in 279 patients (66.43%). RESULTS: None of the patients who had osteosynthesis by using plate on anteromedial humeral sufrace had lesions of the radial nerve. Therefore, chi(2) test revealed significantly higher frequency of postsurgical radial nerve injuries in patients who were treated by anterolateral plating than in patients where anteromedial plating was performed (chi(2) = 17.51; p< 0.05). Anterolateral plating required longer mean operation time than anteromedial plating and the difference in its duration determined by t-test for independent samples showed statistically significant difference (t= 14.57; p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: An anteromedial plating of humeral shaft fractures through anterolateral approach was determinated to be a simple, safe, effective and also fast surgical treatment and we highly recommend it as operative technique for treating humeral shaft fractures." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 1994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D007049_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative iatrogenic radial palsies" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007049" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 796 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D000080902_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nerve injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000080902" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1366, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1784, 1793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "21287282_MESH:D050723_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1984, 1993 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6155835_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Immunological evidence for the occurrence of maturation-specific mRNA for a low molecular-weight protein in dry mung-bean seeds [proceedings]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 142 ] ] }, { "id": "6155835_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 143 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6155835_157791_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mung-bean" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "157791" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4045360_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Tromso heart study: coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 108 ] ] }, { "id": "4045360_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We examined the relation between questionnaire answers concerning living conditions during childhood and coronary risk factors in 7405 men and 7247 women. Poverty during childhood was positively associated with age-adjusted levels (p less than 0.05) of total cholesterol and percentage of current smokers (men only) and negatively associated with body height. When cholesterol was adjusted for age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity, coffee and alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking there was a significant linear trend in women (p less than or equal to 0.0001) but not in men (p = 0.224). Analysing only subjects born in Troms county, giving a more homogeneous population, the linear trend became significant (p = 0.011) for men also. We conclude that childhood poverty followed by a high standard of living operates, at least partly, as a risk factor for coronary heart disease through conventional risk factors." ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 1042 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4045360_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_MESH:D002784_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_MESH:D002784_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_MESH:D000438_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 568, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 656 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "4045360_MESH:D003324_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17157072_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Postnatal depression: an update." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "id": "17157072_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Apart from causing emotional suffering, postnatal depression strains marriage, undermines the mother's confidence, impairs her social functioning and quality of life, and in serious cases contributes to infant abuses, infanticides and suicidal behaviour. Recent studies also show that postnatal depression adversely affects emotional, behavioural and cognitive development of the newborn. In addition, there is growing awareness that depression can occur during pregnancy, and antenatal depression can adversely affect obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Antenatal depressive symptoms are also the strongest predictor of postnatal depression. This paper reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, prevention and treatment of perinatal depression. The latest development in research and practice related to this condition are also highlighted." ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 892 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17157072_MESH:D019052_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Postnatal depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019052" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D019052_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postnatal depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019052" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D019052_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postnatal depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019052" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D000275_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D000275_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D000275_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D019052_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postnatal depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019052" } ] }, { "id": "17157072_MESH:D000275_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30300884_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Na+/H+ Exchangers Are Required for the Development and Function of Vertebrate Mucociliary Epithelia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "30300884_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) represent a highly conserved family of ion transporters that regulate pH homeostasis. NHEs as well as other proton transporters were previously linked to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, cell polarity signaling, and mucociliary function. Furthermore, mutations in the gene SLC9A3 (encoding NHE3) were detected as additional risk factors for airway infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we used the Xenopus embryonic mucociliary epidermis as well as human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) as models to investigate the functional roles of NHEs in mucociliary development and regeneration. In Xenopus embryos, NHEs 1-3 were expressed during epidermal development, and loss of NHE function impaired mucociliary clearance in tadpoles. Clearance defects were caused by reduced cilia formation, disrupted alignment of basal bodies in multiciliated cells (MCCs), and dysregulated mucociliary gene expression. These data also suggested that NHEs may contribute to the activation of Wnt signaling in mucociliary epithelia. In HAECs, pharmacological inhibition of NHE function also caused defective ciliation and regeneration in airway MCCs. Collectively, our data revealed a requirement for NHEs in vertebrate mucociliary epithelia and linked NHE activity to cilia formation and function in differentiating MCCs. Our results provide an entry point for the understanding of the contribution of NHEs to signaling, development, and pathogenesis in the human respiratory tract." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 1608 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30300884_6550_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SLC9A3" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6550" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_6550_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NHE3" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6550" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_MESH:D007239_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_MESH:D003550_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cystic fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003550" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_8355_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Xenopus" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8355" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_8355_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Xenopus" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8355" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_397917_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NHE" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "397917" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_397917_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NHE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1198, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "397917" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_397917_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NHE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1381 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "397917" } ] }, { "id": "30300884_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8679472_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "World AIDS Day. Crisis of silence." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ] }, { "id": "8679472_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 35 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8679472_MESH:D000163_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8144892_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Biased utilization of DHQ52 and JH4 gene segments in a human Ig transgenic minilocus is independent of antigenic selection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 123 ] ] }, { "id": "8144892_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We have assessed the effect of antigenic selection on human Ig heavy chain D and JH gene segment utilization in mice that contain transgenes composed of 2 VH (psi VH3-105 and VH5-251), 10 D, 6 JH, C mu, and C gamma 1 human gene segments. Human heavy chains using the functional VH5-251 gene segment are expressed in the serum and on the surface of murine B cells. The second VH gene segment (psi VH3-105) is not expressed as a protein but is rearranged and transcribed into mRNA. We previously reported that the functional VH5-251 mu transcripts preferentially used the DHQ52 and JH4 gene segments similar to their use in the human repertoire. Here, we demonstrate that the nonfunctional (psi VH3-105) gene segment shows the same bias in D and JH gene segment utilization. Because transcripts using the pseudo-VH gene segment cannot be subjected to antigenic selection, we conclude that the restricted repertoire observed is Ag independent. Analysis of pseudo VH gene segment recombination products reveals no bias in D gene segment reading frame utilization. Finally, we demonstrate that in the human transgene coding sequence complementarities can affect the recombination site and that D inversion is common." ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 1335 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8144892_28484_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DHQ52" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "28484" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_10090_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_28484_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DHQ52" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "28484" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8144892_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10743092_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in middle ear effusions]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "10743092_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), we measured levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in middle ear effusions (MEE) from patients with secretory otitis media (SOM) undergoing auripuncture to study the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease. Significant levels of IL-6 (> 62.5 ng/L) were found in 19 (86.36%) of 22 MEEs and those of TNF-alpha (> 37.5 ng/L) in 19 (70.37%) of 27 MEEs. The mean (+/- s) levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were 507.68 +/- 813.11 ng/L and 186.86 +/- 166.93 ng/L, respectively. It revealed that the shorter the course, the higher the concentration of IL-6 in MEE: the longer the course, the higher the concentration of TNF-alpha in MEE. These findings suggested that during the early stages of SOM, IL-6 might participate in the defensive reaction of organism, while TNF-alpha might be closely related to the persistence of SOM, resulting in an excessive inflammatory reaction with a potential for pathological changes. It is concluded that the immunological mechanisms probably play a significant role in the pathogenesis of SOM." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 1188 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10743092_3569_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Interleukin-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 14 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010034_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "middle ear effusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010034" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010034_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "middle ear effusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010034" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010034_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MEE" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010034" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010031_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "otitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010031" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 713 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010034_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MEE" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010034" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 786 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_MESH:D010034_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "MEE" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010034" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_3569_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-6" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 861 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3569" } ] }, { "id": "10743092_7124_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 934 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19236654_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Airway management in children with division of tongue flap." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "19236654_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 60 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19236654_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30077771_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of Jun dimerization on neurite outgrowth and motif binding." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "30077771_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Axon regeneration is a necessary step toward functional recovery after spinal cord injury. The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun has long been known to play an important role in directing the transcriptional response of Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons to peripheral axotomy that results in successful axon regeneration. Here we performed ChIPseq for Jun in mouse DRG neurons after a sciatic nerve crush or sham surgery in order to measure the changes in Jun's DNA binding in response to peripheral axotomy. We found that the majority of Jun's injury-responsive changes in DNA binding occur at putative enhancer elements, rather than proximal to transcription start sites. We also used a series of single polypeptide chain tandem transcription factors to test the effects of different Jun-containing dimers on neurite outgrowth in DRG, cortical and hippocampal neurons. These experiments demonstrated that dimers composed of Jun and Atf3 promoted neurite outgrowth in rat CNS neurons as well as mouse DRG neurons. Our work provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying Jun's role in axon regeneration." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 1178 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30077771_MESH:D013119_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "spinal cord injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013119" } ] }, { "id": "30077771_16476_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "c-Jun" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "16476" } ] }, { "id": "30077771_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "30077771_25389_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Atf3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25389" } ] }, { "id": "30077771_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "30077771_10090_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14056111_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "id": "14056111_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 23 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23421980_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Erythritol triggers expression of virulence traits in Brucella melitensis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "23421980_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar preferentially utilized by Brucella spp. The presence of erythritol in the placentas of goats, cows, and pigs has been used to explain the localization of Brucella to these sites and the subsequent accumulation of large amounts of bacteria, eventually leading to abortion. Here we show that Brucella melitensis will also localize to an artificial site of erythritol within a mouse, providing a potential model system to study the pathogenesis of Brucella abortion. Immunohistological staining of the sites of erythritol within infected mice indicated a higher than expected proportion of extracellular bacteria. Ensuing experiments suggested intracellular B. melitensis was unable to replicate within macrophages in the presence of erythritol and that erythritol was able to reach the site of intracellular bacteria. The intracellular inhibition of growth was found to encourage the bacteria to replicate extracellularly rather than intracellularly, a particularly interesting development in Brucella pathogenesis. To determine the effect of erythritol on expression of B. melitensis genes, bacteria grown either with or without erythritol were analyzed by microarray. Two major virulence pathways were up-regulated in response to exposure to erythritol (the type IV secretion system VirB and flagellar proteins), suggesting a role for erythritol in virulence." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 1469 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brucella melitensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon sugar" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brucella" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_9925_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "goats" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9925" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_9913_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cows" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_9823_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9823" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brucella" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brucella melitensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_10090_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 489 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D002006_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Brucella abortion" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 572 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002006" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D007239_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_10090_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "B. melitensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 871 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brucella" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_29459_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "B. melitensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29459" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1352, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] }, { "id": "23421980_MESH:D004896_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "erythritol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004896" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24937094_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reversal of autism-like behaviors and metabolism in adult mice with single-dose antipurinergic therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "24937094_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) now affect 1-2% of the children born in the United States. Hundreds of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk of ASD. Similar factors are known to influence the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; however, a unifying mechanistic explanation has remained elusive. Here we used the maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to study the effects of a single dose of the antipurinergic drug suramin on the behavior and metabolism of adult animals. We found that disturbances in social behavior, novelty preference and metabolism are not permanent but are treatable with antipurinergic therapy (APT) in this model of ASD and schizophrenia. A single dose of suramin (20 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) given to 6-month-old adults restored normal social behavior, novelty preference and metabolism. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified purine metabolism as the key regulatory pathway. Correction of purine metabolism normalized 17 of 18 metabolic pathways that were disturbed in the MIA model. Two days after treatment, the suramin concentration in the plasma and brainstem was 7.64 muM pmol mul(-1) (+-0.50) and 5.15 pmol mg(-1) (+-0.49), respectively. These data show good uptake of suramin into the central nervous system at the level of the brainstem. Most of the improvements associated with APT were lost after 5 weeks of drug washout, consistent with the 1-week plasma half-life of suramin in mice. Our results show that purine metabolism is a master regulator of behavior and metabolism in the MIA model, and that single-dose APT with suramin acutely reverses these abnormalities, even in adults." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1848 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24937094_MESH:D002653_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autism-like behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002653" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D000067877_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Autism spectrum disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000067877" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D000067877_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ASDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000067877" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D001321_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ASD" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001321" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D001714_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia and bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_10090_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D001523_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuropsychiatric disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D001321_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ASD" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001321" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D012559_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 871 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 897 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:C030985_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "purine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030985" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:C030985_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "purine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030985" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_68350_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mul(-1)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1343 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "68350" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_10090_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:C030985_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "purine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030985" } ] }, { "id": "24937094_MESH:D013498_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "suramin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1787, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013498" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9002766_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The role of 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in the detection of APUD tumours: our experience in eighteen patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "9002766_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "111In-Octreotide scintigraphy has been recently proposed as a sensitive technique for the detection of neuroendocrine tumours, based on the high radiotracer affinity towards the somatostatin receptors expressed by the APUD-system cells. In the present study, a group of 18 patients with carcinoid tumours and gastrointestinal (GI) apudomas was investigated to assess the accuracy of Octreotide scintigraphy in localizing primitive, recurrent or metastatic lesions. Both planar and SPECT studies were obtained 4 hours after the i.v. injection of 111In-Octreotide (111 MBq); planar images were also carried out 24 hours later. In accordance with other authors, the sensitivity of the method was found to be very high (94%) in our group of patients; only in one case of nesidioblastosis was the scintigraphy negative. No differences in sensitivity were observed between the planar and SPECT studies, but the latter provided a better topographic localization of the neoplastic foci. It should be pointed out that in 7 cases (3 primitive, 1 recurrent and 3 metastatic lesions) scintigraphy correctly localized the tumour, when the other morphological techniques, such as echography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance, failed. On the basis of our data, we believe that Octreotide scintigraphy should be the first study performed in the evaluation of patients affected by APUD tumours." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 1499 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9002766_MESH:C094279_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "111In-octreotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C094279" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "APUD tumours" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:C094279_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "111In-Octreotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C094279" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D018358_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuroendocrine tumours" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018358" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D001079_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoid tumours and gastrointestinal (GI) apudomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 452 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001079" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D015282_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Octreotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015282" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:C094279_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "111In-Octreotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C094279" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D046768_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nesidioblastosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 880, 896 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D046768" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D009369_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumour" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D015282_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Octreotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015282" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9002766_MESH:D009369_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "APUD tumours" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12592881_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mentoring 102: the power of the clear answer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "12592881_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 46 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9119988_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists: the first anti-integrin receptor therapeutics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "9119988_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 80 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9119988_3674_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GPIIb" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 14 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3674" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12366668_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "VIN 3: a clinicopathologic review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ] }, { "id": "12366668_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A retrospective review of the management of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (VIN 3) over a 16-year period from 1981 to 1997 was conducted. Complete information was available for analysis on 101 patients. The mean age was 53.9 years (range 14-102 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 36 months (range 2-184 months). Fifty-eight percent of patients presented with pruritus. The disease was multifocal in 51% and unifocal in 49% of cases and the left labium majus was the most frequently affected site (27%). Co-existent or previous genital disease was identified in 39% of patients and 8% had a history of invasive gynecological cancer. Histologic evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was found in 31% of patients. Wide local excision was the most frequently used treatment modality (78%). Thirty-eight percent of patients required at least one further treatment for recurrent disease. Smoking, multifocality, HPV effect, and positive surgical margins were not found to be significant predictors of recurrence. There were three (3%) cases of progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, one at 6, 7, and 7 years after initial treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 1207 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12366668_MESH:D019048_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019048" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_MESH:D011537_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011537" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_MESH:D005832_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "genital disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005832" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 623 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_MESH:D005833_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive gynecological cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 677 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005833" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_MESH:D030361_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "papillomavirus (HPV) infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 738 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D030361" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 876 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_10566_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 964, 967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10566" } ] }, { "id": "12366668_MESH:D002294_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002294" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12179371_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Knowledge, opinions and attitudes towards AIDS in rural Africa (Senegal, Cameroon, Burundi). Current research." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "12179371_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 111 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12179371_MESH:D000163_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16522693_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lack of evidence of premature atherosclerosis in untreated severe isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency due to a GH-releasing hormone receptor mutation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 154 ] ] }, { "id": "16522693_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: GH deficiency (GHD) acquired at adult age as a result of pathological processes of the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus causes changes that are associated with worsening cardiovascular risk. They include increase in abdominal obesity, total and low- density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. GHD adults also have thickening of the carotid arteries. It has been postulated that GHD is the link between hypopituitarism and the increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality observed in hypopituitarism. However, several confounding factors exist, such as associated pituitary deficits and replacement of other hormones or surgical or radiological therapies used to treat the underlying pituitary of hypothalamic pathologies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of lifetime isolated GHD (IGHD) on the metabolic and cardiovascular status of adult members of a large Brazilian cohort with severe IGHD due to a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. DESIGN: Twenty-two GH naive adult dwarfs (10 men and 12 women; aged 44 +/- 12 yr) were compared with 22 healthy volunteers (10 men and 12 women; aged 45 +/- 12 yr) living in the same area. RESULTS: GHD subjects had increased abdominal obesity, higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher C-reactive protein than controls. They did not have an increase in carotid wall thickness, and there was no evidence of premature atherosclerosis as evaluated by exercise echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS: In this homogeneous cohort residing in a rural area of Brazil, lifetime, untreated severe IGHD is not associated with evidence of premature atherosclerosis despite unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile." ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 1893 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16522693_MESH:D050197_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "premature atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D004393_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004393" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D007029_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypothalamus" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007029" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D056128_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "abdominal obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056128" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_1401_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D007018_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypopituitarism" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 601 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007018" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D007018_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypopituitarism" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 694 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007018" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D010900_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pituitary deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010900" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D007027_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypothalamic pathologies" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007027" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_2692_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GHRH receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2692" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_2688_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1223, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D056128_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "abdominal obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056128" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D002784_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1463, 1474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_1401_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D050197_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "premature atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "16522693_MESH:D050197_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "premature atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1819, 1844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2626643_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Analysis of the specificity of human antibodies to antigens of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "2626643_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The antigenicity of promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (L. b. braziliensis) treated with 1% sodium desoxycholate in 10 mM Tris-Hcl pH 8.2 was analysed by immunoblot using as probes sera from American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), schistosomiasis, malaria and Chagas' disease. The ACL sera reacted constantly with a 60 kD band. No reactivity to this protein was observed with sera from the other diseases above mentioned indicating that the 60 kD protein may be used in serodiagnosis for ACL." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 651 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2626643_1448350_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1448350" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_1448350_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1448350" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D003840_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium desoxycholate" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003840" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tris" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D006851_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Hcl" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006851" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D016773_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cutaneous leishmaniasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 343 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016773" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D007898_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "visceral leishmaniasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007898" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D012552_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schistosomiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012552" } ] }, { "id": "2626643_MESH:D008288_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malaria" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008288" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10804048_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Giant cystic craniopharyngiomas with extension into the posterior fossa." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "10804048_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Between 1991 and 1998, 24 patients underwent surgery for a craniopharyngioma in our department. This group included two patients who had tumors with extensive growth along the midline, and along the posterior fossa in particular. In both cases suprasellar calcifications were typical features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). A 7-year-old boy presented with a 6-month history of headache, nausea, and progressive unilateral hearing loss. With a suboccipital approach it was possible to remove the main part of the tumor. In a 13-year-old boy headache and visual deterioration led to the diagnosis of a craniopharyngioma, which was removed with a pterional approach. For the neuroimaging work-up in such cases of atypically growing craniopharyngiomas MRI is the method of choice. Additional CT scanning is recommended, which provides valuable information about bony changes at the skull base due to space-occupying growth. CT substantiates the differential diagnosis if typical calcifications are seen." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 1107 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10804048_MESH:D003397_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cystic craniopharyngiomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003397" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D003397_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "craniopharyngioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003397" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "boy" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D006261_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 493 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D009325_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D046088_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "unilateral hearing loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D046088" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D009369_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "boy" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D006261_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 656 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:C531604_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "visual deterioration" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 681 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C531604" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D003397_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "craniopharyngioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003397" } ] }, { "id": "10804048_MESH:D003397_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "craniopharyngiomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003397" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1223857_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sensible prescribing. XII.--The cost of prescribing." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "1223857_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23113540_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficacy of porcine placental extract on shoulder stiffness in climacteric women." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "23113540_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: Some of the most common climacteric symptoms are somatic symptoms, such as muscle and joint pain, which cause limitations in performing daily tasks. This study aimed to assess whether oral porcine placental extract (PPE) affects patients with shoulder stiffness, one of the most common types of muscle-tendon stiffness, in climacteric women and postmenopausal women with hormone therapy (HT). METHODS: Sixty-six climacteric women (33 each in the control and study groups) with shoulder stiffness and 54 postmenopausal women (27 each in the control and study groups) with HT-resistant shoulder stiffness were enrolled into this open-label, randomized, controlled study. The control subjects received Toki-shakuyaku-san (TJ23; 7.5 g/day, daily per os), an oral herbal remedy used to alleviate climacteric symptoms, and study subjects received PPE orally for 24 weeks in climacteric women and for 12 weeks in postmenopausal women with HT. Changes in the degree of shoulder stiffness were evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Treatment with PPE was significantly effective in reducing the VAS score for shoulder stiffness during the study period compared with the control group in both climacteric and postmenopausal women with HT. The VAS score at the end of treatment was significantly reduced (p < 0.01 vs. baseline) by 76.4% for climacteric women and 64.8% for postmenopausal women with HT compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: PPE is useful as an oral supplement for shoulder stiffness in climacteric women without HT or in postmenopausal women with HT-resistant, long-term shoulder stiffness." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 1703 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23113540_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_MESH:D018771_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "joint pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018771" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "porcine placental" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_MESH:D052256_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "muscle-tendon stiffness" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 412 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D052256" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 617 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 979 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23113540_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1649, 1654 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20171765_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Value dissonance in nursing: making sense of disparate literature." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "20171765_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 67 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9461743_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Meta-analysis of response time data in a single experiment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "9461743_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Conventional analysis based on mean response times does not fully utilize data and also ignores the difference in precision among the means by weighting each mean equally. A meta-analysis was applied to the reaction time data obtained from the Stroop color-naming task in a single experiment which employed a mixed design. It treated each subject as an independent replication of the same experiment and the same hypothesis. Individual subjects' data were first analyzed with a time-series regression adjusting for lag 1 autocorrelation. Results from these analyses were, then, combined to estimate the over-all effect size as well as significance level. A between-subject factor was also analyzed to assess its influence on the effect sizes and the significance levels. When these analyses were contrasted with the conventional analysis of mean reaction times, the meta-analysis based on reaction times of individual trials yielded a more powerful test of the research hypotheses than the conventional analysis based on mean reaction times for these trials. The advantages and possible limitations of the within-study meta-analysis are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 1207 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9461743_10715_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "lag 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10715" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22792356_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Loss of DJ-1 does not affect mitochondrial respiration but increases ROS production and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 139 ] ] }, { "id": "22792356_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Loss of function mutations in the DJ-1 gene have been linked to recessively inherited forms of Parkinsonism. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress are thought to be key events in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although it has been reported that DJ-1 serves as scavenger for reactive oxidative species (ROS) by oxidation on its cysteine residues, how loss of DJ-1 affects mitochondrial function is less clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or brains from DJ-1-/- mice, we found that loss of DJ-1 does not affect mitochondrial respiration. Specifically, endogenous respiratory activity as well as basal and maximal respiration are normal in intact DJ-1-/- MEFs, and substrate-specific state 3 and state 4 mitochondrial respiration are also unaffected in permeabilized DJ-1-/- MEFs and in isolated mitochondria from the cerebral cortex of DJ-1-/- mice at 3 months or 2 years of age. Expression levels and activities of all individual complexes composing the electron transport system are unchanged, but ATP production is reduced in DJ-1-/- MEFs. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential is decreased in the absence of DJ-1. Furthermore, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is increased, whereas mitochondrial calcium levels are unchanged in DJ-1-/- cells. Consistent with earlier reports, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased, though levels of antioxidative enzymes are unaltered. Interestingly, the decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the increased mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in DJ-1-/- MEFs can be restored by antioxidant treatment, whereas oxidative stress inducers have the opposite effects on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study shows that loss of DJ-1 does not affect mitochondrial respiration or mitochondrial calcium levels but increases ROS production, leading to elevated mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential." ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 2278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22792356_57320_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D017382_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D010302_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinsonism" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010302" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D028361_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Mitochondrial dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D028361" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D010300_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "reactive oxidative species" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D017382_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 486 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D003545_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 516 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003545" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 690 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 698 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_10090_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D000255_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1348 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D002118_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1486 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D017382_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "reactive oxygen species" ], "offsets": [ [ 1544, 1567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D017382_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1569, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_57320_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DJ-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 2048, 2052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "57320" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D002118_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2112, 2119 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "22792356_MESH:D017382_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21792767_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Endoscopic management of early postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "21792767_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic therapy for early postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage. METHODS: Fourteen patients experienced an episode of early postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage and were treated endoscopically from January 2005 to June 2010. The clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen patients(9 males and 5 females, median age 57.5 years, range 26-74 years) were diagnosed with postoperative hemorrhage between 6 hours to 14 days after surgery. The blood loss ranged from 500 to 1500 ml. Sclerosing agent injection, electrocoagulation, and hemoclips were attempted to control the bleeding. Endoscopic approach to control early postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage was successful in all the patients. No recurrent bleeding was observed during the follow-up. No complications associated with endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic approach for the management of early postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage is feasible with high success rate and associated with no complications." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 1114 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D006470_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 833 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D006470_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "21792767_MESH:D019106_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2388251_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Experimental infection of Ornithodoros spp. ticks (Acari: Argasidae) with Yersinia pestis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "2388251_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ticks of the genus Ornithodors feed on many rodent species with known roles in maintaining and amplifying plague (Yersinia pestis) in nature. Five species of ticks in this genus are shown to acquire the plague bacillus by feeding on infected hosts. Most notably, 80% of O. hermsi Wheeler, Herms and Meyer harbored Y. pestis 1 mo after an infectious blood meal. Subsequent transmission by infected ticks was not demonstrated. However, 1 yr after the infectious feeding, Y. pestis DNA was detected using a hybridization probe on tick triturates that were amplified by in vitro cultivation. Y. pestis can remain reproductively viable for at least 1 yr in about 2% of ticks fed on infected hosts." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 783 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2388251_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_1196789_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bacillus by" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1196789" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_MESH:D007239_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_303297_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "O. hermsi" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 370 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "303297" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_632_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Y. pestis" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_MESH:D007239_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_632_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Y. pestis" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_632_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Y. pestis" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "2388251_MESH:D007239_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 776 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17957054_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A review of findings in fetal cardiac section drawings, part 1: The 4-chamber view." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "17957054_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: The goal of this presentation is to review some of the common and rare fetal heart abnormalities and to provide an easy approach to these findings with schematic drawings. METHODS: Over the past 10 years, we collected cases in which the common views of the heart were abnormal and the differential diagnoses that existed for each. The presentation shows the normal sonographic sections and then variations of these sections and the associated anomalies. We used illustrative drawings to present these findings, enabling us to point out the main sonographic features of abnormalities of the heart. RESULTS: The work reviews 17 fetal heart abnormalities in schematic drawings. CONCLUSIONS: This short review highlights several of the anomalies that can be recognized on the common sonographic views. The drawings tend to simplify the findings but serve as a basis for those doing fetal echocardiography when they encounter an unusual finding." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1036 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17957054_MESH:D006330_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006330" } ] }, { "id": "17957054_MESH:D006330_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006330" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16323748_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sonochemistry in environmental remediation. 2. Heterogeneous sonophotocatalytic oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 141 ] ] }, { "id": "16323748_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Recent advances in advanced oxidation technologies for applications in environmental remediation involve the use of acoustic cavitation. Cavitation is the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of gas- or vapor-filled microbubbles formed from acoustical wave-induced compression/ rarefaction in a body of liquid. Cavitation is effective in treating most liquid-phase pollutants but it is highly energy intensive and not economical or practically feasible when used alone. One of the most interesting topics in the recent advances in environmental sonochemistry is the intensification of the ultrasonic degradation process by coupling ultrasound with other types of energy, chemical oxidants, or photocataysts. In Part II of this series, a critical review of the applications of ultrasound in environmental remediation focusing on the simultaneous or hybrid use of ultrasonic irradiation and photocatalysis in aqueous solutions, namely, sonophotocatalytic oxidation processes, is presented." ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 1134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16323748_MESH:D014867_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31744831_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Identification of Hypermutation and Defective Mismatch Repair in ctDNA from Metastatic Prostate Cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "31744831_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: DNA mismatch repair defects (MMRd) and tumor hypermutation are rare and under-characterized in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Furthermore, because hypermutated MMRd prostate cancers can respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is an urgent need for practical detection tools. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed plasma cell-free DNA-targeted sequencing data from 433 patients with mPC with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) purity >=2%. Samples with somatic hypermutation were subjected to 185 x whole-exome sequencing and capture of mismatch repair gene introns. Archival tissue was analyzed with targeted sequencing and IHC. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (3.7%) had somatic hypermutation with MMRd etiology, evidenced by deleterious alterations in MSH2, MSH6, or MLH1, microsatellite instability, and characteristic trinucleotide signatures. ctDNA was concordant with mismatch repair protein IHC and DNA sequencing of tumor tissue. Tumor suppressors such as PTEN, RB1, and TP53 were inactivated by mutation rather than copy-number loss. Hotspot mutations in oncogenes such as AKT1, PIK3CA, and CTNNB1 were common, and the androgen receptor (AR)-ligand binding domain was mutated in 9 of 16 patients. We observed high intrapatient clonal diversity, evidenced by subclonal driver mutations and shifts in mutation allele frequency over time. Patients with hypermutation and MMRd etiology in ctDNA had a poor response to AR inhibition and inferior survival compared with a control cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Hypermutated MMRd mPC is associated with oncogene activation and subclonal diversity, which may contribute to a clinically aggressive disposition in selected patients. In patients with detectable ctDNA, cell-free DNA sequencing is a practical tool to prioritize this subtype for immunotherapy.See related commentary by Schweizer and Yu, p. 981." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1955 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31744831_MESH:D011471_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Metastatic Prostate Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_MESH:D011471_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_4436_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MSH2" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4436" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_2956_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MSH6" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 871 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2956" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_4292_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MLH1" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4292" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trinucleotide" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 942 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_5728_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTEN" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5728" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_5925_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5925" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_7157_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TP53" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7157" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_207_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AKT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "207" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_5290_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PIK3CA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5290" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_1499_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CTNNB1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1499" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_367_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "androgen receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "367" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_367_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "367" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_367_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1532 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "367" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1769, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31744831_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24325360_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Real-time monitoring of in situ gas-phase H/D exchange reactions of cations by atmospheric pressure helium plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 153 ] ] }, { "id": "24325360_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "An enclosed atmospheric-pressure helium-plasma ionization (HePI-MS) source avoids, or minimizes, undesired back-exchange reactions usually encountered during deuterium incorporation experiments under ambient-pressure open-source conditions. A simple adaptation of an ESI source provides an economical way of conducting gas phase hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange reactions (HDX) in real time without the need for complicated hardware modifications. For example, the spectrum of [(2)H8]toluene recorded under exposed ambient conditions showed the base peak at m/z 96 due to fast leaching of ring hydrogens because of interactions with H2O vapor present in the open source. Such D/H exchanges are rapidly reversed if the deuterium-depleted [(2)H8]toluene is exposed to D2O vapor. In addition to the enumeration of labile protons, our procedure enables the identification of protonation sites in molecules unambiguously, by the number of H/D exchanges observed in real time. For example, molecules such as tetrahydrofuran and pyridine protonate at the heteroatom and consequently undergo only one H/D exchange, whereas ethylbenzene, which protonates at a ring position of the aromatic ring, undergoes six H/D exchanges. In addition, carbocations generated in situ by in-source fragmentation of precursor protonated species, such as benzyl alcohol, do not undergo any rapid H/D exchanges. Because radical cations, second-generation cations (ions formed by losing a small molecule from a precursor ion), or those formed by hydride abstraction do not undergo rapid H/D exchanges, our technique provides a way to distinguish these ions from protonated molecules." ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 1809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24325360_MESH:D006371_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "helium" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006371" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D006371_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "helium" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006371" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D003903_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deuterium" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D006859_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D003903_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deuterium" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D003903_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D014050_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "toluene" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014050" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D006859_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2O" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 791 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D003903_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deuterium" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D014050_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "toluene" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014050" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "D2O" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 924 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:C018674_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tetrahydrofuran" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C018674" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:C023666_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C023666" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:C004912_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethylbenzene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C004912" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_MESH:D019905_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzyl alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019905" } ] }, { "id": "24325360_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydride" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22734018_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comments on 'MMFPh: a maximal motif finder for phosphoproteomics datasets'." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "22734018_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 76 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19033674_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Real-time assessment of inflammation and treatment response in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "19033674_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes that degrade and remodel tissue extracellular matrix through production of proteolytic enzymes, release of proinflammatory factors to initiate and propagate inflammatory responses, and direct activation of mucus secretion and smooth muscle cell constriction. Thus, eosinophils are central effector cells during allergic airway inflammation and an important clinical therapeutic target. Here we describe the use of an injectable MMP-targeted optical sensor that specifically and quantitatively resolves eosinophil activity in the lungs of mice with experimental allergic airway inflammation. Through the use of real-time molecular imaging methods, we report the visualization of eosinophil responses in vivo and at different scales. Eosinophil responses were seen at single-cell resolution in conducting airways using near-infrared fluorescence fiberoptic bronchoscopy, in lung parenchyma using intravital microscopy, and in the whole body using fluorescence-mediated molecular tomography. Using these real-time imaging methods, we confirmed the immunosuppressive effects of the glucocorticoid drug dexamethasone in the mouse model of allergic airway inflammation and identified a viridin-derived prodrug that potently inhibited the accumulation and enzyme activity of eosinophils in the lungs. The combination of sensitive enzyme-targeted sensors with noninvasive molecular imaging approaches permitted evaluation of airway inflammation severity and was used as a model to rapidly screen for new drug effects. Both fluorescence-mediated tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques have the potential to be translated into the clinic." ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 1792 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic airway inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic airway inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_10090_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 695 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic airway inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D003907_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dexamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003907" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_10090_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic airway inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "19033674_MESH:D007249_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1577, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17411767_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Follow the money!" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ] }, { "id": "17411767_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 18 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1825605_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Treatment of anovulation due to polycystic ovarian syndrome by laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 99 ] ] }, { "id": "1825605_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Our experience of ovarian electrocautery for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in ten women is described. We found that nine responded favourably, either ovulating spontaneously or becoming more responsive to ovulation induction. There was a significant and persistent fall in serum testosterone levels, and a transient fall with subsequent rise in inhibin. We recommend that laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery is considered as an alternative to ovulation induction with gonadotrophins, in women with PCOS who fail to respond to clomiphene citrate." ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 667 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1825605_MESH:D011085_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "polycystic ovarian syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011085" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_MESH:D011085_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "polycystic ovarian syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011085" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_MESH:D011085_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCOS" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011085" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_MESH:D013739_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "testosterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 413 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013739" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_MESH:D011085_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCOS" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011085" } ] }, { "id": "1825605_MESH:D002996_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "clomiphene citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002996" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12728079_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Missed opportunities for sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, and pregnancy prevention services during adolescent health supervision visits." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 164 ] ] }, { "id": "12728079_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To describe prevention counseling on pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), received by sexually experienced youth in the primary care setting and to test associations between recent sexual risk behaviors and preventive counseling. METHODS: Using data from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey, a nationally representative survey (N = 15 349) of high school students, we analyzed responses to questions about sexual experience, time since last preventive health care visit, and discussion of STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention with a doctor or nurse during their last preventive health care visit. Logistic regression was used to test associations; students' demographic characteristics were controlled. RESULTS: More than half of the US high school students surveyed reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey: 60.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.2%-63.6%) of female students and 57.5% (95% CI: 53.9%-61.1%) of male students. For female students, sexual experience was positively associated with a preventive health care visit (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), but for male students, sexual experience had a negative effect (OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9). Of the students who reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey, 42.8% (95% CI: 38.6%-47.1%) of female students and 26.4% (95% CI: 22.7%-30.2%) of male students reported having discussed STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention at those visits. Sexual experience was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in a dialogue about sexual health once a student entered the health care system: female students (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.0-4.9) and male students (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). CONCLUSION: Primary care providers miss opportunities to provide STD, HIV, and pregnancy prevention counseling to high-risk youth." ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 2087 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12728079_12721_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "12728079_12721_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "12728079_12721_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "12728079_12721_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "12728079_12721_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1671, 1674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "12728079_12721_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 2027, 2030 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29738920_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Non-contact ultrasonic gas flow metering using air-coupled leaky Lamb waves." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "29738920_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This paper describes a completely non-contact ultrasonic method of gas flow metering using air-coupled leaky Lamb waves. To show proof of principle, a simplified representation of gas flow in a duct, comprising two separated thin isotropic plates with a gas flowing between them, has been modelled and investigated experimentally. An airborne compression wave emitted from an air-coupled capacitive ultrasonic transducer excited a leaky Lamb wave in the first plate in a non-contact manner. The leakage of this Lamb wave crossed the gas flow at an angle between the two plates as a compression wave, and excited a leaky Lamb wave in the second plate. An air-coupled capacitive ultrasonic transducer on the opposite side of this second plate then detected the airborne compression wave leakage from the second Lamb wave. As the gas flow shifted the wave field between the two plates, the point of Lamb wave excitation in the second plate was displaced in proportion to the gas flow rate. Two such measurements, in opposite directions, formed a completely non-contact contra-propagating Lamb wave flow meter, allowing measurement of the flow velocity between the plates. A COMSOL Multiphysics model was used to visualize the wave fields, and accurately predicted the time differences that were then measured experimentally. Experiments using different Lamb wave frequencies and plate materials were also similarly verified. This entirely non-contact airborne approach to Lamb wave flow metering could be applied in place of clamp-on techniques in thin-walled ducts or pipes." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 1650 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19647848_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Elav-like protein HuR exerts translational control of viral internal ribosome entry sites." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "19647848_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The human embryonic-lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like protein, HuR, has been recently found to be involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. In this study we show that HuR participates in the translational control of the HIV-1 and HCV IRES elements. HuR functions as a repressor of HIV-1 IRES activity and acts as an activator of the HCV IRES. The effect of HuR was evaluated in three independent experimental systems, rabbit reticulocyte lysate, HeLa cells, and Xenopus laevis oocytes, using both overexpression and knockdown approaches. Furthermore, results suggest that HuR mediated regulation of HIV-1 and HCV IRESes does not require direct binding of the protein to the RNA nor does it need the nuclear translocation of the IRES-containing RNAs. Finally, we show that HuR has a negative impact on post-integration steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. Thus, our observations yield novel insights into the role of HuR in the post-transcriptional regulation of HCV and HIV-1 gene expression." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1096 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19647848_1994_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_MESH:D015354_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embryonic-lethal abnormal vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015354" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_MESH:D015354_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ELAV" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015354" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_11676_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_11676_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 463 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_CVCL_0030;NCBITaxID:9606_10", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HeLa" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0030;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_8355_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Xenopus laevis" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8355" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_11676_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 707 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 878 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_11676_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_1994_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HuR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1994" } ] }, { "id": "19647848_11676_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2086745_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Microphthalmos with cyst in monozygous twins." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "2086745_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We present two cases of microphthalmos with cyst affecting monozygotic twins. The etiology and pathogenesis of this developmental anomaly are discussed. The diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnoses, and management options of this unique disorder are also considered." ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 317 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2086745_MESH:D000014_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "developmental anomaly" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000014" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3777836_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Measurements of ionic fluoride in milk." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "3777836_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Procedures used for measuring ionic fluoride in both human and cow's milk have been investigated. A number of factors were found to affect fluoride ion measurements in milk samples including time, stirring and the method of cleaning the fluoride electrode. Following these investigations a procedure was developed for estimating ionic fluoride in milk. Human milk collected from a fluoridated area (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) was found to contain significantly more ionic fluoride (0.065 ppm) than human milk from mothers in a non-fluoridated area (Dundee, 0.035 ppm)." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 602 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_9913_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cow" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_MESH:D005459_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "3777836_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13499418_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Studies on the nucleotide arrangement in deoxyribonucleic acids. I. The relationship between the production of pyrimidine nucleoside 3,5-diphosphates and specific features of nucleotide sequence." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 195 ] ] }, { "id": "13499418_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 196 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13499418_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine nucleoside 3,5-diphosphates" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21555306_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Soluble Fas and Fas ligand in pregnancy: influence of hypertension." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "21555306_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The pathophysiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia may involve abnormalities in placentation and the Fas/Fas ligand system. Hypothesizing abnormal plasma Fas and Fas ligand in pregnancy-induced hypertension, we recruited 20 hypertensive pregnant women at mean week 15 and 29 at week 30: 18 were studied at both time points. Control groups were 20 normotensive pregnant women at week 20, 29 women at week 27, and 50 nonpregnant women. sFas and sFas ligand (sFasL) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hypertensive women had lower sFasL at both stages of their pregnancy (P < .05). There were no differences in sFas. In 18 hypertensive pregnant women, sFasL fell from week 15 to week 29 (P < .03). We conclude that sFas and sFasL is unchanged in normal pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy is characterized by low sFasL, and levels fall from weeks 15 to 29. This may reflect differences in placentation in the differing physiological and pathological states." ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 1071 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21555306_356_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fas ligand" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "356" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D011225_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "preeclampsia" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011225" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_356_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fas ligand" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "356" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_356_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fas ligand" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "356" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 627 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 633 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 763 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21555306_MESH:D006973_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1317841_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Two-stage induction of the soxRS (superoxide response) regulon of Escherichia coli." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "1317841_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "soxR and soxS are adjacent genes that govern a superoxide response regulon. Previous studies revealed that induction of the regulon is accompanied by increased transcription of soxS, which can activate the target genes. Therefore, induction may occur in two stages: the soxR-dependent activation of soxS, followed by the soxS-dependent induction of other genes. However, the requirement for soxR was unproven because the only existing soxR mutations either were of the regulon-constitutive type or also involved soxS. Therefore, we produced an insertion mutation that was shown by complementation to inactivate only soxR. In confirmation of the two-stage model, soxR was required for the induction by paraquat of the target genes studied (nfo, zwf, and sodA), for paraquat resistance, and for the 47- to 76-fold induction of soxS-lacZ gene fusions. Paraquat did not affect the expression of soxR-lacZ gene fusions. In a soxRS deletion mutant, the regulon was constitutively activated by a runaway soxS+ plasmid. However, a lower-copy-number plasmid failed to activate nfo, zwf, or sodA but did increase the paraquat resistance of a soxRS mutant. Therefore, there is a differential response of the regulon genes to soxS overproduction. A soxR regulon-constitutive mutation was suppressed by a soxR+ plasmid, suggesting a competition between native and activated forms of SoxR. It is proposed that to enhance the sensitivity of the response, the cell minimizes such potential competition by manufacturing only a small amount of this sensor protein, thereby necessitating signal amplification via induction of soxS." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1696 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1317841_MESH:D013481_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "superoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013481" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_562_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 82 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_MESH:D013481_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "superoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013481" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_MESH:D010269_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "paraquat" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010269" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_MESH:D010269_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "paraquat" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010269" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_MESH:D010269_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Paraquat" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010269" } ] }, { "id": "1317841_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nfo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17696470_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Competitive ion complexation to polyelectrolytes: determination of the stepwise stability constants. The Ca2+/H+/polyacrylate system." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "17696470_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This work presents a new methodology aimed at obtaining the stepwise stability constants corresponding to the binding of ions (or other small molecules) to macromolecular ligands having a large number of sites. For complexing agents with a large number of sites, very simple expressions for the stepwise stability constants arise. Such expressions are model-independent; that is, they allow the determination of the stepwise stability constants without making any previous assumption of the detailed complexation mechanism. The formalism is first presented for a single complexing ion and further extended to competitive systems where the competing ions can display, in general, different stoichiometric relationships. These ideas are applied to the analysis of experimental titrations corresponding to competitive binding of calcium ions to poly(acrylic acid) for different pH values and ionic strengths. Intrinsic stability constants were estimated from the stepwise stability constants (by removing the corresponding statistical factor), and split into specific and electrostatic contributions (by means of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation). After this treatment, the specific proton binding energies showed almost no dependence on the coverage and ionic strength. Likewise, for the range of concentrations studied, the specific component of the intrinsic stability constants of the calcium ions, calculated assuming bidentate binding of Ca to neighboring groups of a linear chain, is almost independent of the calcium and proton coverage and ionic strength." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 1693 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17696470_MESH:D000069285_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "17696470_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polyacrylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17696470_MESH:D002118_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "17696470_MESH:C006903_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "poly(acrylic acid)" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C006903" } ] }, { "id": "17696470_MESH:D002118_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1518, 1525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "17696470_MESH:D002118_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1646, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5535025_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Glycine transport from cerebrospinal fluid." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "5535025_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 44 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5535025_MESH:D005998_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7349477_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[An hypothesis of the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in the rabbit based on a study of intestinal contents]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "7349477_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Experimental diarrhoea was induced in young rabbits by inoculation with Eimeria intestinalis and E. flavescens. The mineral composition of the intestinal contents was studied and compared to those of control animals. In the jejunum, ileum, caecum, proximal and distal colon, the sum (Na+ + K+) was linearly related to the water content of those segments. The regression lines were the same for all the animals, but the means were different, indicating that the defect in water absorption was due to a lack of sodium reabsorption at the site of coccidia implantation. In the colon, sodium was reabsorbed against potassium secretion. This exchange diffusion mechanism explains the excessive loss of potassium in rabbit diarrhoea as well as the marked hypokalemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 865 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7349477_MESH:D003967_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diarrhoea" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003967" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D003967_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diarrhoea" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003967" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_9986_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rabbits" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9986" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_471278_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Eimeria intestinalis" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "471278" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_37734_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. flavescens" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "37734" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D014867_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D014867_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D012964_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D057873_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coccidia implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D057873" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D012964_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D011188_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D011188_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D003967_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diarrhoea" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 830 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003967" } ] }, { "id": "7349477_MESH:D007008_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypokalemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007008" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34121113_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cure Rates of Control Interventions in Randomized Trials for Onychomycosis Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 125 ] ] }, { "id": "34121113_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "<p>Background: The efficacy of antifungals for onychomycosis has been determined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); interestingly their control arms have demonstrated some therapeutic effects. These controls constitute either placebos (inert pills) or vehicles (all but the antifungal component of the creams). The objective of this research was to determine (i) whether RCT controls exhibited statistically-relevant efficacy rates (i.e. beyond the \"placebo effect\"), (ii) whether oral and topical controls differed in their efficacies, and (iii) if the efficacy rates of the controls correlated with those of the active comparator associated with that control.</p> <p>Methods: RCTs of oral and topical monotherapies for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis were identified through a systematic literature search. For our meta-analyses of cure rates the double arcsine transformation was used. The N-1 chi squared test was used to determine whether the cure rates significantly differed between topical and oral controls. Correlation was investigated using Kendall rank correlation tests.</p> <p>Results: The pooled mycological, complete, and clinical cure rates of all control interventions (n = 19 trials) were 9%, 1%, and 6%, respectively. The pooled efficacy rates for oral and topical controls were: mycological cure rate, 7% and 12% (p=0.0016); complete cure rate, 1% for both; and clinical cure rate, 4% and 8%, respectively (p=0.0033). For oral RCTs, the respective cure rates of the active therapies were not correlated with controls. However, for topical RCTs, as the mycological and clinical cure rates of the active therapy increased, so did those of the topical vehicle associated with the active therapy in question, and vice versa.</p> <p>Conclusions: The topical vehicle cure rates were often higher than the oral placebo cure rates, likely due to the presence of non-antifungal chemicals (e.g. moisturizers, urea) with antifungal and debriding properties, which are not present in oral controls.</p>." ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 2146 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34121113_MESH:D014009_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "onychomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014009" } ] }, { "id": "34121113_MESH:D014009_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toenail onychomycosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 886 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014009" } ] }, { "id": "34121113_MESH:D014508_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "urea" ], "offsets": [ [ 2054, 2058 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014508" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4752635_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Some pharmacological effects of tetracyclic thymoleptic maprotiline in comparison with tricyclic antidepressants." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "4752635_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 114 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4752635_MESH:D008376_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "maprotiline" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008376" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34319416_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Termine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ] }, { "id": "34319416_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 9 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34319416_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Termine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4738246_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Otorhinolaryngological mass screening in isolated areas and improvement of its method based on the public reactions]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 118 ] ] }, { "id": "4738246_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 119 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5537946_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Suitability of a two-third milk enriched with germ-oil, industrially produced for diet therapy in infantile enteritis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 120 ] ] }, { "id": "5537946_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 121 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5537946_MESH:D009821_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009821" } ] }, { "id": "5537946_MESH:D004751_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infantile enteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004751" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35636615_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Novel drug delivery systems and disease models for pulmonary fibrosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "35636615_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious and progressive lung disease which is possibly life-threatening. It causes lung scarring and affects lung functions including epithelial cell injury, massive recruitment of immune cells and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently no cure for PF. Treatment for PF is aimed at slowing the course of the disease and relieving symptoms. Pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) are currently the only two FDA-approved oral medicines to slow down the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a specific type of PF. Novel drug delivery systems and therapies have been developed to improve the prognosis of the disease, as well as reduce or minimize the toxicities during drug treatment. The drug delivery routes for these therapies are various including oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalant, intratracheal and transdermal; although this is dependent on specific treatment mechanisms. In addition, researchers have also expanded current animal models that could not fully restore the clinicopathology, and developed a series of in vitro models such as organoids to study the pathogenesis and treatment of PF. This review describes recent advances on pathogenesis exploration, classifies and specifies the progress of drug delivery systems by their delivery routes, as well as an overview on the in vitro and in vivo models for PF research." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 1471 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35636615_MESH:D011658_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011658" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:D011658_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pulmonary fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011658" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:D008171_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:C093844_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pirfenidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C093844" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:C093844_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PFD" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 489 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C093844" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:C530716_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nintedanib" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C530716" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:C530716_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NDNB" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C530716" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:D054990_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054990" } ] }, { "id": "35636615_MESH:D064420_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1392626_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Antiasthmatic activity of a novel thromboxane A2 antagonist, S-1452, in guinea pigs." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "1392626_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We examined the effect of a potent thromboxane (Tx) A2 receptor antagonist, calcium (1R, 2S, 3S, 4S)-(5Z)-7-(((phenylsulfonyl)amino)bicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-yl)-5-heptenoate dihydrate (S-1452), on antigen- and various allergic-spasmogen-induced contractions of guinea pig lung parenchymal strips and on the increase in insufflation pressure, an index of bronchoconstriction, in anesthetized guinea pigs. In isolated guinea pig lung parenchymal strips, S-1452 showed competitive antagonism of the contractile activity of U-46619, a TxA2 mimetic, with a pA2 value of 8.9. The compound also inhibited the contraction induced by prostaglandin (PG) D2 and PGF2 alpha, but a TxA2 synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, did not. In contrast, both drugs inhibited not only leukotriene (LT) D4-induced contraction but also antigen-induced contraction in the presence of a histamine antagonist. In anesthetized guinea pigs, oral administration of S-1452 markedly inhibited the bronchoconstrictions induced by intravenous injection of U-46619, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, LTD4 and platelet-activating factor (PAF) with ED50 values of 0.006, 0.031, 0.112, 0.033 and 0.115 mg/kg, respectively, but OKY-046 inhibited only that by LTD4 and PAF. Additionally, bronchoconstriction following intravenous injection of antigen was almost completely suppressed by S-1452 (0.1 mg/kg) and partially by OKY-046 (300 mg/kg) in passively sensitized guinea pigs which were treated with diphenydramine and propranolol. The inhibitory effect of S-1452 against U-46619-induced broncho-constriction persisted up to 7 h after oral administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 1711 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1392626_MESH:D013928_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thromboxane A2" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013928" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C056566_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-1452" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C056566" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D004342_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergic" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004342" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pig" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pig" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C056566_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-1452" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C056566" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D019796_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "U-46619" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019796" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D015230_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prostaglandin (PG) D2" ], "offsets": [ [ 707, 728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015230" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D015237_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGF2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015237" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C034364_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "OKY-046" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034364" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D015289_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotriene" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D017998_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LT) D4" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017998" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D006632_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 946 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 986 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C056566_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-1452" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C056566" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D019796_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "U-46619" ], "offsets": [ [ 1098, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019796" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D015230_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGD2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015230" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D015237_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PGF2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015237" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C034364_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "OKY-046" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034364" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C056566_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-1452" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1413 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C056566" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C034364_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "OKY-046" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034364" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_10141_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_-_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diphenydramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1523, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D011433_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1542, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011433" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:C056566_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-1452" ], "offsets": [ [ 1580, 1586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C056566" } ] }, { "id": "1392626_MESH:D019796_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "U-46619" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019796" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7235633_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Antidiuretic hormone levels in stroke patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "7235633_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Serum osmolality and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were determined for 17 patients with cerebral infarction, 4 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 12 controls. The ADH levels were elevated significantly in the stroke patients. Hyponatremia was not observed. Stroke patients are at risk for developing electrolyte disturbances; thus, fluid intake and electrolyte levels should be closely observed." ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 446 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7235633_551_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Antidiuretic hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "551" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D020521_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_551_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "antidiuretic hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "551" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_551_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "551" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D002544_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebral infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D013345_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "subarachnoid hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013345" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_551_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "551" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D020521_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D007010_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hyponatremia" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007010" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_MESH:D020521_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "7235633_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21558897_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dermofat graft after superficial parotidectomy via a modified face-lift incision to prevent Frey syndrome and depressed deformity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 130 ] ] }, { "id": "21558897_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Superficial parotidectomy is a well-established treatment for the early stages of tumors involving the parotid gland. However, there are 3 problems with traditional superficial parotidectomies: (1) cosmetic problems, such as scars, especially around the neck; (2) depressed deformities; and (3) Frey syndrome. A superficial parotidectomy via a modified face-lift incision with dermofat graft provides a solution for these problems and should be considered as an alternative technique in select patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 634 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21558897_MESH:D013547_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Frey syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013547" } ] }, { "id": "21558897_MESH:D000275_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressed deformity" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "21558897_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21558897_MESH:D000275_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressed deformities" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 416 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "21558897_MESH:D013547_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Frey syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 439 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013547" } ] }, { "id": "21558897_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 633 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23547090_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Implications of a prominent R wave in V1." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "23547090_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 42 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14718711_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A case of frequently recurring amaurosis fugax with atherothrombotic ophthalmic artery occlusion." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "14718711_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A 49-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia experienced frequent transient monocular blindness in the right eye during a 3-week period. Examination revealed atherothrombotic occlusion of the right ophthalmic artery (OA) without embolic sources. After treatment with aspirin, attacks resolved completely. Her symptoms were attributed to microembolism from the occluded OA." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 487 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14718711_MESH:D001766_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "amaurosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001766" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D001157_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherothrombotic ophthalmic artery occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001157" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D003920_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D006949_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperlipidemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006949" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D001766_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "blindness" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001766" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D001157_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherothrombotic occlusion of the right ophthalmic artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001157" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D004617_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embolic" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004617" } ] }, { "id": "14718711_MESH:D001241_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13548042_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of combined chlorpromazine and dextro-amphetamine on severely depressed patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "13548042_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 89 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13548042_MESH:D002746_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorpromazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002746" } ] }, { "id": "13548042_MESH:D003913_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dextro-amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003913" } ] }, { "id": "13548042_MESH:D000275_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "13548042_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11594194_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and sexual dysfunction]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "11594194_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11594194_3156_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HMG-CoA reductase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3156" } ] }, { "id": "11594194_MESH:D012735_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sexual dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012735" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34360715_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Is Essential for the Meiosis of Male Germ Cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 85 ] ] }, { "id": "34360715_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major enzyme responsible for the formation of methylarginine in mammalian cells; however, its function in vivo is not well understood due to its early embryonic lethality in null mice exhibiting spontaneous DNA damage, cell cycle delays, and defects in check point activation. Here, we generated germ cell-specific Prmt1 knock-out (KO) mice to evaluate the function of PRMT1 in spermatogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that PRMT1 is vital for male fertility in mice. Spermatogenesis in Prmt1 KO mice was arrested at the zygotene-like stage of the first meiotic division due to an elevated number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). There was a loss of methylation in meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11), the key endonuclease in MRE11/RAD50/NBS 1 (MRN) complex, resulting in the accumulation of SPO11 protein in DSBs. The ATM-mediated negative feedback control over SPO11 was lost and, consequently, the repair pathway of DSBs was highly affected in PRMT1 deficient male germ cells. Our findings provide a novel insight into the role of PRMT1-mediated asymmetric demethylation in mouse spermatogenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 1235 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34360715_3276_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3276" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_3276_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Protein arginine methyltransferase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3276" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_3276_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PRMT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3276" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methylarginine" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_MESH:D020964_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embryonic lethality" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020964" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_10090_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Prmt1" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_10090_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 476 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PRMT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PRMT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Prmt1" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_17535_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MRE11" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 835 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17535" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_17535_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MRE11" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "17535" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_19360_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RAD50" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19360" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_27354_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NBS 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 879 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "27354" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_26972_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SPO11" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26972" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_11920_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ATM" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 958 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11920" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_26972_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SPO11" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26972" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_-_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DSBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1055, 1059 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PRMT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_15469_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PRMT1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15469" } ] }, { "id": "34360715_10090_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33433420_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Clinical utility of activated partial thromboplastin time clot waveform analysis and thrombin generation test in the evaluation of bleeding phenotype in Hemophilia A." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 166 ] ] }, { "id": "33433420_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Context: Hemophilia A is classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on Factor VIII levels (FVIII). Clot-based assays only detect initiation of thrombin generation, hence FVIII levels may not accurately predict the bleeding risk in all hemophilia patients. The entire process of thrombin generation as measured by global hemostasis tests like activated partial thromboplastin time clot waveform analysis (APTT CWA) and thrombin generation test (TGT) may reflect the actual bleeding phenotype. Aims: To assess the utility of TGT and CWA as a screening tool to identify bleeders and to evaluate the bleeding phenotype in Hemophilia A. Settings and Design: Prospective, observational study of 147 consecutive patients referred for coagulation workup. Subjects and Methods: Bleeding assessment tool was used to identify bleeders. Patients were classified as severe and nonsevere bleeders based on clinical criteria. TGT was performed by calibrated automated thrombogram, CWA by photo-optical coagulometer and factor levels by one stage clot-based assays. Statistical Analysis Used: The Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc analysis was done to examine the difference in CWA/TGT parameters amongst hemophilia classified by FVIII levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of CWA and TGT in discriminating between clinically severe vs nonsevere bleeders. Results: Using ROC derived cut-offs of min1, min2 and peak height of thrombin (PH), the sensitivity (min1:91.67%, min2:91.67%, PH: 97.22%, FVIII: 86.11%) and specificity (min1:100%, min2:100%, PH: 90.91%, FVIII: 90.91%) of CWA/TGT was superior to FVIII to distinguish between clinically severe vs nonsevere bleeders. Phenotypic heterogeneity of bleeding severity was identified in our study population. Clinical severity correlated with CWA/TGT parameters instead of FVIII levels. Conclusions: CWA and TGT are more effective tools than conventional factor assays to identify clinically severe bleeders and tailor prophylaxis as per bleeding phenotype." ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 2231 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33433420_2147_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006467_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hemophilia A" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006467" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006467_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hemophilia" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006467" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2147_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006467_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemophilia" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 416 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006467" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2147_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2147_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "actual bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006467_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hemophilia A" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006467" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 884 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006467_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemophilia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1370 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006467" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1385, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2147_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1649, 1657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1719, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1785, 1790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1827, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1925, 1933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_2157_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FVIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 2047, 2052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2157" } ] }, { "id": "33433420_MESH:D006470_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 2212, 2220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9622347_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The pursuit of thinness: a study of Dublin schoolgirls aged 15 y." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "9622347_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Despite increasing trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, fatness phobia is common during female adolescence. This study has demonstrated a high level of dissatisfaction with body weight in a sample of Dublin schoolgirls aged 15 y. Of 420 subjects, 59% reported that they wanted to be slimmer and 68% had previously tried to lose weight. Contrary to expectations, overweight girls were not found to hold the monopoly on such dissatisfactions. Normal weight and even underweight girls also expressed a desire to be thinner and reported using unhealthy weight control practices including random avoidance of staple foods, fasting, smoking and purging, in their pursuit of the 'perfect' female figure. Obesity prevention programmes which target adolescent girls 'at risk' of overweight and obesity, must take cognizance of their profound fear of fatness, otherwise the use of harmful slimming strategies may be further increased as teenage girls frantically try to lose weight and to avoid the stigma associated with female fatness." ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 1108 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9622347_MESH:D009765_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_MESH:D010698_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fatness phobia" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010698" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_MESH:D009765_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_MESH:D005218_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fatness" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 929 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005218" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9622347_MESH:D005218_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fatness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005218" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32920928_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pyoderma gangrenosum with thymoma and myasthenia gravis: A case report." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "32920928_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic dermatosis which is characterized by painful, necrotic ulcer with violaceous border that heals with cribriform scar. Although the etiopathogenesis of PG is not known exactly, it can be triggered by many factors such as genetics, autoimmune, pathergy phenomenon, drugs, and paraneoplastic. It is frequently associated with autoimmune pathogenesis such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatologic disease. It can also be associated with hematological or solid organ malignancies, and then, it is called paraneoplastic PG. The association of PG with myasthenia gravis and thymoma has not been previously reported. In our case, these three diseases with a common paraneoplastic pathogenesis were seen together and the coexistence of the three diseases is rare. Treatment of PG should be decided according to the severity, spread of the lesions, concomitant disease, medical condition, and tolerance of the patient. The purpose of treatment is to control the lesions and related diseases for a long time with minimal side effects. Mycophenolate mofetil treatment was used safely and successfully for both generalized MG and PG in our case." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 1260 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pyoderma gangrenosum" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D009157_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thymoma and myasthenia gravis" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009157" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pyoderma gangrenosum" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D016463_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neutrophilic dermatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016463" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D014456_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "necrotic ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014456" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D010257_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "paraneoplastic" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010257" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D015212_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammatory bowel disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015212" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D012216_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rheumatologic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 507, 528 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012216" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D010257_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "paraneoplastic" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010257" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D009157_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myasthenia gravis and thymoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009157" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D010257_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "paraneoplastic" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010257" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D009173_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Mycophenolate mofetil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009173" } ] }, { "id": "32920928_MESH:D017511_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1245, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017511" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2301506_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Black premature births, maternal hematocrits, and gestational age data." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "2301506_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 72 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33750535_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Variants of glycosyl hydrolase family 2 beta-glucuronidases have increased activity on recalcitrant substrates." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "33750535_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Glucuronidated drug metabolites can be quantified from urine samples by first hydrolyzing conjugates with beta-glucuronidase (beta-GUS) and then separating free drug molecules by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). To improve the activity and specificity of various beta-GUS, we designed enzyme chimeras and generated site-saturation variants based on structural analyses, then screened them for improved activity on drug metabolites important to clinical and forensic drug-testing laboratories. Often, an increase of activity on one substrate of interest was countered by loss of activity against another, and there was no strong correlation of activity on standard beta-glucuronidase substrates to activity on recalcitrant drug glucuronides. However, we discovered a chimera of two enzymes from different species of Aspergillus that displays a 27 % increase in activity on morphine-3-glucuronide than the parent proteins. Furthermore, mutations in the M-loop, which is a loop near the active site, resulted in numerous variants with dramatically increased rates of hydrolysis on drug glucuronides. Specifically, the M-loop variant Q451D/A452E of a beta-GUS from Brachyspira pilosicoli has a 50-fold and 25-fold increase in activity on the recalcitrant substrates codeine-6-glucuronide and dihydrocodeine-6-glucuronide, respectively, compared to the parent enzyme." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1504 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33750535_MESH:D020719_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucuronides" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 881 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020719" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_MESH:D009020_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009020" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_MESH:D020719_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucuronides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020719" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_tmVar:p|SUB|Q|451|D;HGVS:p.Q451D;VariantGroup:1_4", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "Q451D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|Q|451|D;HGVS:p.Q451D;VariantGroup:1" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_tmVar:p|SUB|A|452|E;HGVS:p.A452E;VariantGroup:0_5", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "A452E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|A|452|E;HGVS:p.A452E;VariantGroup:0" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_52584_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Brachyspira pilosicoli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "52584" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_MESH:C061773_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "codeine-6-glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C061773" } ] }, { "id": "33750535_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dihydrocodeine-6-glucuronide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1430, 1458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1283587_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Risk-benefit aspects of antihypertensive drugs." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "1283587_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Several long term trials using traditional antihypertensive therapy with diuretics and beta-blockers have shown that antihypertensive therapy reduces the overall risk of cardiovascular complications. However, even after several years of therapy the cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients cannot be lowered to that in the normotensive population. Antihypertensive therapy can reduce the incidence of cerebrovascular complications in patients with hypertension by about 65%. However, the effect of such therapy in preventing coronary events has been disappointing, as these events are 3 to 4 times more common than cerebrovascular complications in hypertensive patients. It is now apparent that adverse pharmacological effects of diuretics and beta-blockers on lipid metabolism persist for many years. Thus, treatment with these agents constitutes a new risk factor for coronary heart disease and may, at least in part, explain the failure of traditional antihypertensive therapy to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden death as effectively as that of cerebrovascular accidents. On the other hand, titration of these antihypertensive agents to the lowest possible dose in order to avoid metabolic alterations and subjective adverse effects has frequently resulted in the administration of subtherapeutic doses, particularly for hydrochlorothiazide. Until comparative long term clinical trials with older and newer antihypertensive agents and morbidity and mortality as end-points are completed, the debate on first-line drugs for antihypertensive treatment will not be satisfactorily resolved." ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 1665 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1283587_MESH:D002318_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D006973_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D002561_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebrovascular complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002561" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D006973_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D002561_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebrovascular complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002561" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D006973_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 712 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D008055_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 818 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D003324_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D009203_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009203" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D003645_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D020521_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebrovascular accidents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D006852_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006852" } ] }, { "id": "1283587_MESH:D003643_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1528, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2056073_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pseudarthrosis of the rabbit tibia: a model for congenital pseudarthrosis?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "2056073_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The purpose of this study was to create a rabbit model of a pseudarthrosis of the tibia by passively constricting circumferential diaphyseal growth. A circumferential strip of Marlex mesh was placed around both tibiae of eight growing rabbits. It was sutured as a circumferential tube on the experimental tibia and not sutured together on the control side. The experimental tibiae developed significant narrowing, cystic changes, and sclerosis. Five of 11 experimental tibiae went on to pathological fracture, compared to no fractures in the eight control tibiae. The mesh was sutured together around both tibiae in another six rabbits. Release of the band 6 weeks later allowed healing of the narrowed tibiae, with or without an experimentally produced fracture. We conclude a passive constriction phenomenon may contribute to the development of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Removal of the band improved the chances of healing, which has implications for the treatment of children." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 1068 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2056073_MESH:D011542_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pseudarthrosis of the rabbit tibia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011542" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D011542_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital pseudarthrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011542" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D011542_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pseudarthrosis of the tibia" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011542" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_9986_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rabbits" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9986" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D012598_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 518 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012598" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D050723_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D050723_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_9986_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rabbits" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9986" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D050723_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_MESH:D011542_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 960 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011542" } ] }, { "id": "2056073_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19491190_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dr William W. Duke: pioneer in platelet research." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "19491190_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 50 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30125147_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Association between pre- and intraorbital soft tissue volumes and the risk of orbital blowout fractures using CT-based volumetric measurements." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 143 ] ] }, { "id": "30125147_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Orbital blowout fractures result from trauma which breaks the bony orbital wall while sparing the rim. Previous research into fracture mechanism has focused on bony anatomy. This study evaluates the role of preorbital and intraorbital soft tissue volume in fracture risk. A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 51 cases of adults with unilateral orbital blowout fracture, matched to 51 controls who had experienced orbital trauma by comparable mechanisms without sustaining a fracture. Axial Computed Tomography (CT) images with orbital fine cuts were assessed on a 3D post-processing workstation to measure the volume of the pre- and intraorbital soft tissues, then compared between the two groups using Mann-Whitney U analysis. In the case group, there were 40 males (78%), injured by assault (66%), fall (12%), motor vehicle collision (10%), or other cause (12%). The control group included 33 males (65%), injured by assault (55%), fall (22%), motor vehicle (4%), or other cause (20%). There was no significant difference in mechanism rates between case and control groups. Median preorbital volumes were 12.5 cm3 in the case group and14.1 cm3 in controls (p = 0.02). Median intraorbital volumes were 24.4 cm3 in the case group and 25.9 cm3 in controls (p = 0.003). CT volumetric analysis shows that patients who sustained blowout fractures have lower preorbital and intraorbital soft tissue volume than those who did not fracture. This underscores the significant role that soft tissues play in dissipating impact forces, both anterior to the orbital rim and within the orbit itself." ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 1745 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30125147_MESH:D009917_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "orbital blowout fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009917" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D014947_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D009917_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "unilateral orbital blowout fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 527 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009917" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D009916_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "orbital trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009916" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "30125147_MESH:D050723_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1583, 1591 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34251331_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 50 ] ] }, { "id": "34251331_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: Excessive chronic alcohol users, and particularly patients with alcohol use disorder, may present an alcohol withdrawal syndrome if they abruptly stop drinking. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome requires pharmacological treatment for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms and to prevent withdrawal complications. Medically assisted withdrawal treatment is used in alcohol treatment units, but it is also frequently required in patients admitted to hospital for other conditions. METHODS: Review of major guidelines covering treatment of withdrawal syndrome with the aim to describe recent evidence and recommendations about the pharmacological treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. RESULTS: Four major guidelines concerning treatment of withdrawal syndrome were selected (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, American Society of Addiction Medicine, World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry and American Psychiatric Association) and screened for the recommendations and level of evidence on drug prescribing for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The Maudsley guidelines were also considered in this review. DISCUSSION: All the four reviewed guidelines recommended benzodiazepines as the first line treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The association of anticonvulsivants, adrenergic alpha-2 agonists, betablockers and antipsychotics with benzodiazepines is recommended for symptom reduction in severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Thiamine should be administered to all patients to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. If there is any electrolytic imbalance it should be corrected. CONCLUSION: Maintaining a high level of suspicion for alcohol withdrawal syndrome is important across all clinical settings, and it should be promptly treated." ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 1838 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34251331_MESH:D000438_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D000438_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 90 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D000437_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol use disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000437" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D013375_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "withdrawal symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 329 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013375" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D000438_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 493 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D013375_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013375" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D013375_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013375" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D001569_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001569" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_170589_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1375, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "170589" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D001569_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1430, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001569" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D013831_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Thiamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013831" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020915_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020915" } ] }, { "id": "34251331_MESH:D020270_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcohol withdrawal syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1733, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020270" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18507198_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Two cases of asbestosis and one case of rounded atelectasis due to non-occupational asbestos exposure." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "18507198_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Asbestos is a well-known cause of several neoplastic (malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer) and non-neoplastic (asbestosis, pleuropathies) occupational diseases. Lower-level exposure in the general environment may induce pleural plaques and thickenings, and is associated with an increased mesothelioma risk. We present two patients (a 68-year-old man and a 72-year-old woman) who developed asbestosis (in association with pleural plaques and calcifications), and a 78-year-old man who developed rounded atelectasis (with pleural plaques and benign effusion), after living for several decades in the proximity of large Italian asbestos-cement plant. None of them had been exposed to asbestos occupationally. Besides living in a contaminated area, the woman used to clean the work clothes of her brother, who was employed in the local asbestos factory. The three cases indicate that non-neoplastic, long-latency asbestos-related diseases which are usually observed as a consequence of occupational exposures, may rarely develop in subjects living in contaminated geographical sites and buildings. These unusual environmental diseases raise the diagnostic problem of differentiating them from other, more common respiratory illnesses, and impose the duties of patient notification, assessment and follow-up, to assess the possibility of progression of disease and increased neoplastic risk." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 1490 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001195_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asbestosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001195" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001194_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "asbestos" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001194" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:C562839_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant mesothelioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562839" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D008175_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001195_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "non-neoplastic (asbestosis, pleuropathies) occupational diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001195" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D010995_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pleural plaques" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010995" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D008654_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mesothelioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008654" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001195_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asbestosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001195" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D010995_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pleural plaques" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010995" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D010996_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pleural plaques and benign effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010996" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001194_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "asbestos" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001194" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D001194_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "asbestos" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001194" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_MESH:D012140_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "respiratory illnesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012140" } ] }, { "id": "18507198_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15310302_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pulse wave velocity and ankle brachial index in patients with Kawasaki disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "15310302_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI) are a useful method to estimate atherosclerosis in adults, while a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) may be a risk factor for later atherosclerosis of systemic arteries. PWV and ABI in patients with a history of KD have not been reported. METHOD: In total, 90 patients ranging in age from 4 to 25 years who had a history of KD previously, any time from 1 month to 19 years ago, were studied. As a control group, 119 patients with other trivial cardiovascular diseases such as a small ventricular, an atrial septal defect or mild arrhythmias, were also evaluated. A high value of PWV was determined as >/=120% of normal predicted value of PWV, while a low value of ABI was determined as </=0.9. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, ABI and PWV by t-test, and univariate and multivariate analyses of a logistic-regression model, were analyzed. RESULTS: When a cut-off point was set as per cent of normal predicted PWV (%N PWV) >/= 120%, and ABI </= 0.9, patients with a history of KD had a higher PWV than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the ABI between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the PWV or the ABI between the KD patients with or without coronary aneurysms. CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of KD may have increased aortic stiffness for their age." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1480 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15310302_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kawasaki disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D050197_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kawasaki disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D050197_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 295 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 416 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 572 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D002318_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D006344_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial septal defect" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006344" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D001145_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1122, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D003323_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary aneurysms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003323" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15310302_MESH:D009080_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1427, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009080" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18923815_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The results of cataract nigra cases operated with the mini-nuc technique." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "18923815_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the mini-nuc technique for the removal of brunescent and black cataracts. A prospective study was carried out in 33 eyes of 33 patients with cataract nigra operated with the mini-nuc technique between April 2002 and June 2003. Slit-lamp examinations, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed pre- and postoperatively. Accompanying systemic diseases were noted. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. Unilateral eyes of 33 patients (18 male [54.5%], 15 female [45.5%]) aged between 65 and 90 years (mean 72 years) were operated with the mini-nuc technique. Preoperative BCVA values varied between light perception and 0.2 in the Snellen chart. Intraocular lenses (IOL) were implanted into all of the patients (27 in-the-bag [81.8%], four to sulcus [12.1%], and two with scleral fixation [6.1%]). During the surgery, five patients (15.15%) had zonular dialysis and two (6.1%) had posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss. Postoperatively, three (9.1%) rises in IOP, two (6.1%) hyphema, and one (3%) IOL subluxation were observed. At the first day visit, the mean of the uncorrected visual acuities (UCVA) was 0.5 in the Snellen chart. At the third month visit, the mean BCVA was observed to be 0.8. The residual mean astigmatism was 0.75 D against the rule. The mini-nuc technique was effective in removing brunescent and black cataracts with a low rate of serious complications. The mini-nuc technique, which is also performed with a small incision and without sutures, might be an alternative to phacoemulsification in cases of cataract nigra." ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 1767 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18923815_MESH:D002386_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cataract nigra" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D002386_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "black cataracts" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D002386_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cataract" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D009798_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ ", intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 765 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D009798_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Intraocular" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D012421_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rupture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012421" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D014823_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vitreous loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014823" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D006988_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyphema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006988" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D002386_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "black cataracts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1544, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_4924_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "nuc" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4924" } ] }, { "id": "18923815_MESH:D002386_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cataract" ], "offsets": [ [ 1752, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002386" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21532980_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Alternatively Spliced Genes as Biomarkers for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Psychosis: A Blood-Based Spliceome-Profiling Exploratory Study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "21532980_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: Transcriptomic biomarkers of psychiatric diseases obtained from a query of peripheral tissues that are clinically accessible (e.g., blood cells instead of post-mortem brain tissue) have substantial practical appeal to discern the molecular subtypes of common complex diseases such as major psychosis. To this end, spliceome-profiling is a new methodological approach that has considerable conceptual relevance for discovery and clinical translation of novel biomarkers for psychiatric illnesses. Advances in microarray technology now allow for improved sensitivity in measuring the transcriptome while simultaneously querying the \"exome\" (all exons) and \"spliceome\" (all alternatively spliced variants). The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of spliceome-profiling to discern transcriptomic biomarkers of psychosis. METHODS: We measured exome and spliceome expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 schizophrenia patients, nine bipolar disorder patients, and eight healthy control subjects. Each diagnostic group was compared to each other, and the combined group of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients was also compared to the control group. Furthermore, we compared subjects with a history of psychosis to subjects without such history. RESULTS: After applying Bonferroni corrections for the 21,866 full-length gene transcripts analyzed, we found significant interactions between diagnostic group and exon identity, consistent with group differences in rates or types of alternative splicing. Relative to the control group, 18 genes in the bipolar disorder group, eight genes in the schizophrenia group, and 15 genes in the combined bipolar disorder and schizophrenia group appeared differentially spliced. Importantly, thirty-three genes showed differential splicing patterns between the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia groups. More frequent exon inclusion and/or over-expression was observed in psychosis. Finally, these observations are reconciled with an analysis of the ontologies, the pathways and the protein domains significantly over-represented among the alternatively spliced genes, several of which support prior discoveries. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first blood-based spliceome-profiling study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to be reported. The battery of alternatively spliced genes and exons identified in this discovery-oriented exploratory study, if replicated, may have potential utility to discern the molecular subtypes of psychosis. Spliceome-profiling, as a new methodological approach in transcriptomics, warrants further work to evaluate its utility in personalized medicine. Potentially, this approach could also permit the future development of tissue-sampling methodologies in a form that is more acceptable to patients and thereby allow monitoring of dynamic and time-dependent plasticity in disease severity and response to therapeutic interventions in clinical psychiatry." ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 3129 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001523_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001523_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric illnesses" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 985 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D012559_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1132, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D012559_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1738, 1754 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D012559_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1831, 1847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D012559_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1852, 1865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1987, 2003 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D012559_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2008, 2021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2098, 2107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D001714_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia and bipolar disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 2430, 2464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001714" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_MESH:D011605_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2670, 2679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011605" } ] }, { "id": "21532980_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2965, 2973 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32214754_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Studying plant genome variation using molecular markers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "32214754_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The authors' studies on the organization and variation of plant genome with the use of molecular markers are briefly reviewed with special emphasis on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers detected with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These markers have been demonstrated to be promising for identifying cultivars and determining the purity of genetic strains of pea. Genetic relationships between strains, cultivars, and mutants of pea have been studied. The role of molecular markers in molecular genetic mapping and localizing the genes of commercially important characters of pea has been shown. The possibility of the use of molecular markers for studying somaclonal variation and detecting mutagenic factors in plants during long-term spaceflights is considered. The prospects of using DNA markers for understanding the organization and variability of higher plant genomes are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 1108 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16461221_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Resistance of human hepatitis B virus to reverse transcriptase inhibitors: from genotypic to phenotypic testing." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "16461221_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The treatment of HBV infected patients with analogues of nucleos(t)ides, including lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil, has significantly increased the rate of anti-HBe seroconversion and therefore reduced the impact of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on liver disease. Altogether, these antivirals have offered novel options for the treatment of patients who did not respond to previous therapy with interferon alpha, the only available treatment against CHB until 1998. However, therapies using analogues of nucleos(t)ides have been confronted with viral resistances which are often associated to with worsening of liver disease. Drug resistance is conferred by the appearance of one or several mutations within the HBV polymerase gene. These mutations confer to the mutant viral population a phenotypic advantage over the wild-type pretherapeutic viral quasispecies, as they induce a reduction of drug susceptibility of mutant strains in vivo. This reduction of drug susceptibility can be as well measured in vitro, i.e in cell culture, using phenotypic assays. The detection of these mutations has become of crucial importance to better adapt clinical option to the virological status of the patient. Genotypic and more recently phenotypic assays have been developed and both assays can be used for drug resistance testing. Genotypic assay gives information about already characterized mutations associated with viral resistance, while phenotypic testing measures the overall drug susceptibility of patient-derived viral strains in cell culture. These assays are described and their potential use in the clinical setting is discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 1743 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16461221_10407_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human hepatitis B virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10407" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D006509_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HBV infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006509" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_69811_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ides" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "69811" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D019259_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lamivudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019259" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:C053001_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adefovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C053001" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dipivoxil" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D019694_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic hepatitis B" ], "offsets": [ [ 331, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019694" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D019694_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019694" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D008107_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008107" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D019694_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019694" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_69811_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ides" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "69811" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_MESH:D008107_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008107" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16461221_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1608, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17748683_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "In Reply: NASA and University Astronomers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "17748683_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 43 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1119844_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[The effect of salicylic acid on epidermal cell proliferation kinetics in psoriasis. Autoradiographic in vitro-investigations(author's transl)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 144 ] ] }, { "id": "1119844_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Salicylic acid in the therapeutic concentrations from 0.5 to 10% does not affect the rate of proliferation of psoriatic epidermal cells. In 18 patients suffering from psoriasis the H3-I (H3-thymidine labelling index) was determined using autoradiographic in vitro labelling techniques. In 12 of these patients double-labelling with C14-and H3-thymidine was used to determine the H3-I, the DNA-synthesis time (ts) and the duration of the cell-cycle (tc). No significant changes were observed following external application of salicyclic acid in white Vaseline in concentrations of 0.5, 2 and 10% for one week." ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 753 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1119844_MESH:D020156_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "salicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_MESH:D011565_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psoriasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011565" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_MESH:D020156_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Salicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020156" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_MESH:D011565_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psoriasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011565" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_8968_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "H3-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8968" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_8968_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "H3-thymidine labelling index" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8968" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_MESH:C000615234_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "C14-" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000615234" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H3-thymidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 497 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_8968_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "H3-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 528 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8968" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "salicyclic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1119844_MESH:D010577_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Vaseline" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 703 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010577" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5108175_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of intraventricular injections of brain isoantibodies on learning." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "5108175_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 74 ] ] } ]

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