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End of the Road - wikipedia <H1> End of the Road </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see End of the Road ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` End of the Road '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> U.S. commercial cassette single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Boyz II Men </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Boomerang ( soundtrack ) and Cooleyhighharmony ( Reissue ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Remix '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 30 , 1992 ( 1992 - 06 - 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> maxi CD </Li> <Li> 7 '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1991 , Philadelphia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> R&B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 5 : 48 ( album version ) </Li> <Li> 4 : 13 ( single version ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> LaFace </Li> <Li> Arista </Li> <Li> Motown </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kenneth `` Babyface '' Edmonds </Li> <Li> Antonio `` L.A. '' Reid </Li> <Li> Daryl Simmons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kenneth `` Babyface '' Edmonds </Li> <Li> Antonio `` L.A. '' Reid </Li> <Li> Daryl Simmons ( co . ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boyz II Men singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Please Do n't Go '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` End of the Road '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` In the Still of the Nite ( I Remember ) '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Please Do n't Go '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` End of the Road '' ( 1992 ) </Td> <Td> `` In the Still of the Nite ( I Remember ) '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` End of the Road '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` End of the Road '' `` End of the Road '' from Cooleyhighharmony ( 1993 re-release ) `` Al Final Del Camino '' Spanish language version from the same album </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing these files ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` End of the Road '' is a single recorded by American R&B group Boyz II Men for the Boomerang soundtrack . It was released in 1992 and written and produced by Kenneth `` Babyface '' Edmonds , L.A. Reid and Daryl Simmons . </P> <P> `` End of the Road '' achieved overwhelming domestic and international success and is considered one of the most successful songs of all time . In the United States , `` End of the Road '' spent a then record breaking 13 weeks at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , a record broken later in the year by Whitney Houston 's 14 - week number one hit `` I Will Always Love You '' ; Boyz II Men would later match Houston 's record with `` I 'll Make Love to You '' , which spent 14 weeks at number one in 1994 , and then reclaim the record with `` One Sweet Day '' ( a duet with Mariah Carey ) , which spent 16 weeks at number one from 1995 to 1996 . </P> <P> `` End of the Road '' was the number one single of 1992 on the Billboard Year - End Hot 100 Singles of 1992 . It is ranked by Billboard as the sixth most successful song of the decade 1990 -- 1999 . It is also ranked at number 50 on Billboard 's `` All Time Top 100 Songs '' . </P> <P> Internationally , `` End of the Road '' reached number one in Australia , United Kingdom and the Hot 100 Eurochart , among others . </P> <P> `` End of the Road '' has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over one million units in the United States . The song also won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best R&B Song at the 1993 Grammy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Release and chart performance </Li> <Li> 2 Track listings </Li> <Li> 3 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 4 Charts <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 4.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 4.3 End of decade charts </Li> <Li> 4.4 Certifications </Li> <Li> 4.5 Chart successions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Release and Chart Performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` End of the Road '' was released on June 30 , 1992 . It was released as a single from the Boomerang soundtrack and did not originally appear on Boyz II Men 's debut album , Cooleyhighharmony . It was released after all singles from their debut had been released , and was their fifth single overall . However , Cooleyhighharmony was re-issued in 1992 and 1993 to include `` End of the Road '' due to the success of the single . </P> <P> `` End of the Road '' debuted at # 53 on the Billboard Hot 100 on July 18 , 1992 . Within 4 weeks , it reached # 1 , holding the position for 13 consecutive weeks from August 15 , 1992 - November 7 , 1992 . It also spent four weeks atop of the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs chart . </P> <H2> Track listings ( edit ) </H2> <P> Europe / UK / Australia CD </P> <Ol> <Li> End of the Road ( Pop Edit ) 3 : 39 </Li> <Li> End of the Road ( Radio Edit w / Acapella End ) 4 : 13 </Li> <Li> End of the Road ( LP Version ) 5 : 50 </Li> <Li> End of the Road ( Instrumental ) 5 : 16 </Li> </Ol> <P> 7 '' single </P> <Ol> <Li> `` End of the Road '' ( pop edit ) -- 3 : 39 </Li> <Li> `` End of the Road '' ( instrumental version ) -- 5 : 16 </Li> </Ol> <P> Cassette single </P> <Ul> <Li> A side : End of the Road ( LP Version ) </Li> <Li> B side : End of the Road ( Instrumental Version ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H2> <P> 1993 Grammy Awards </P> <Ul> <Li> Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocal -- Boyz II Men -- `` End of the Road '' ( winner ) </Li> <Li> Best R&B Song -- Babyface , Daryl Simmons , L.A. Reid -- `` End of the Road '' ( winner ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 -- 93 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Europe ( Eurochart Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France ( SNEP ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irish Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Rhythmic ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Europe ( Eurochart Hot 100 ) </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Record Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> End of decade charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1990 -- 1999 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Certifications ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Sales certified </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> November 1 , 1992 </Td> <Td> 400,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. </Td> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> December 9 , 1992 </Td> <Td> 1,000,000 + </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Chart successions ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Sleeping Satellite '' by Tasmin Archer </Td> <Td> Irish IRMA number - one single 12 November 1992 -- 3 December 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` I Will Always Love You '' by Whitney Houston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Sleeping Satellite '' by Tasmin Archer </Td> <Td> UK Singles Chart number - one single 25 October 1992 -- 21 November 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Would I Lie to You ? '' by Charles & Eddie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Sweat ( A La La La La Long ) '' by Inner Circle </Td> <Td> Dutch Singles Chart number - one single 14 November 1992 -- 5 December 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Gebabbel / Vlieg met me mee ( live ) '' by Paul de Leeuw & Willeke Alberti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Achy Breaky Heart '' by Billy Ray Cyrus </Td> <Td> New Zealand Singles Chart 18 October 1992 -- 6 December 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Would I Lie to You ? '' by Charles & Eddie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Achy Breaky Heart '' by Billy Ray Cyrus </Td> <Td> Australian ARIA Singles Chart 22 November 1992 -- 20 December 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` I Will Always Love You '' by Whitney Houston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` This Used to Be My Playground '' by Madonna </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot 100 number - one single 15 August 1992 -- 14 November 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` How Do You Talk to an Angel '' by The Heights </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of Billboard Hot 100 number - one singles of 1992 </Li> <Li> List of number - one R&B singles of 1992 ( U.S. ) </Li> <Li> List of number - one singles in 1992 ( New Zealand ) </Li> <Li> List of number - one singles from the 1990s ( UK ) </Li> <Li> List of European number - one hits of 1992 </Li> <Li> Dutch Top 40 number - one hits of 1992 </Li> <Li> List of

The song "End of the Road" was released on

When did end of the road come out?

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and a storyline that is dramatic and flows through the entire performance . '' IGoShows.com had the same observation : `` ... the ( previous ) shows were plagued by lost opportunities , undeveloped ideas , and repetition . They seem to have corrected these shortcomings . ' Prism ' is better in almost every way over its predecessors . The show has a cohesiveness that it never had before , good follow - through on ideas , and far more intriguing staging . The choreography is strong , varied , and does n't suffer the repetition that had invaded it previously . '' </P> <H3> So You Think You Can Dance ( edit ) </H3> <P> Most criticism of Tabitha and Napoleon 's choreography has come as a result of their work on So You Think You Can Dance ( SYTYCD ) . Over the course of their involvement with the show , they have received mixed reviews . At worst , their choreography has been criticized as `` softie hip - hop ( more like ' hip - pop ' ) '' . At best , it has been described as `` amazing '' and `` bring ( ing ) out the best in their dancers ... '' </P> Seasons four , five , and six ( edit ) `` ( Katee and Joshua ) did a routine to my song , ' No Air , ' and it was crazy to see how they moved to it . It was beautiful and I totally saw the story . I got chills ... I played it 100 times . '' Jordin Sparks <P> Lyrical hip - hop gained exposure and popularity during Tabitha and Napoleon 's first season with SYTYCD ( season four ) . On the first performance episode , contestants Katee Shean and Joshua Allen performed a D'umo choreographed lyrical hip - hop piece to the song `` No Air '' by Jordin Sparks . This routine received positive reviews and was later chosen as a `` Judges ' Favorite '' by judge and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe to be performed again during the finale . BuddyTV.com wrote that the routine deserved an Emmy nomination . Although Tabitha and Napoleon were not nominated for `` No Air '' , they were nominated for `` Bleeding Love '' , another lyrical hip - hop routine performed by Mark Kanemura and Chelsie Hightower which the San Francisco Gate called a `` great drama from hip - hop choreographers Tabitha and Napoleon D'Umo , danced with chemistry and theatrical flair . '' This routine was picked as a `` Judges ' Favorite '' by choreographer and judge Christopher `` Lil ' C '' Toler . In June 2010 , TVSquad.com named `` No Air '' and `` Bleeding Love '' two of the ten best routines from all seasons of SYTYCD . A third Tabitha and Napoleon lyrical hip - hop routine choreographed to Alicia Keys ' song `` Like You 'll Never See Me Again '' did not receive as much critical praise or attention as `` Bleeding Love '' or `` No Air '' ; however , Nigel Lythgoe confessed when giving feedback on the dance that season four was the first time he had been emotionally affected by hip - hop routines . </P> <P> Seasons five and six brought less praise for Tabitha and Napoleon . During season five 's Top 8 performance episode , Lythgoe commented after a hip - hop routine choreographed by Shane Sparks `` It 's wonderful to have Shane Sparks back this season . He brings something else ... I 've been a little disappointed with our hip - hop this year . '' Out of the ten hip - hop routines ( both couples and group routines ) choreographed on season five previous to Lythgoe 's comment , Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed seven . The most significant criticism came during season six in response to `` People are Strange '' -- a routine about how aliens would attempt to dance hip - hop . None of the judges liked the routine . Lythgoe said the routine placed concept ( theme ) over substance ( dancing ) . All the judges felt that the dance was weird and that the choreography was more to blame for the dancers ' performance than the dancing itself . Of the routine `` Give it to me Right '' that Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed on a later season six episode about two fraternizing office employees , TVSquad.com wrote that many parts were awkward and that the dance only became enjoyable once the dancers `` stopped cavorting around the desk and got out on the floor . '' In contrast to the mediocre to bad reviews , two other routines they choreographed were picked as `` Judges ' Favorite '' during the season six finale : `` Beggin ' '' ( chosen by Lil ' C ) and `` I Can Transform Ya '' ( chosen by Mary Murphy ) . </P> Seasons seven and eight ( edit ) <P> Tabitha and Napoleon received their best reviews on SYTYCD during season seven after a performance they choreographed to the song `` Outta Your Mind '' by Lil Jon . Creators.com called the routine `` brilliantly imaginative . '' Pioneer Local called it `` powerful ... It 's been so long since ( Tabitha and Napoleon ) have had a showstopping hip - hop number on SYTYCD . Not since Season 4 when they had Katee , Joshua , tWitch , Mark and Chelsie have they pulled out hip - hop this good . '' The routine was performed by ballet dancer Alex Wong and `` All - Star '' hip - hop dancer Stephen `` tWitch '' Boss from season four . The concept is about a psychologist ( tWitch ) who teaches a dancer ( Alex ) to let go of his technique and inhibitions and just dance . After the performance , tWitch and Alex received a standing ovation from the crowd and all three judges -- Nigel Lythgoe , Mia Michaels , and Adam Shankman . Host Cat Deeley commented `` I have never , never , in ' So You Think You Can Dance ' history , heard a roar from a crowd like this - ever . '' Lythgoe called the concept `` brilliant ... This is about a ballet dancer doing the most incredible hip - hop ... If this routine and you are not up for an Emmy with Napoleon and Tabitha next year , I do n't know why not . It 's probably one of the funnest , best hip - hop routines we 've ever had on this show . '' In slight disagreement , the Wall Street Journal noted that `` Outta Your Mind '' may in fact be nominated for an Emmy , but it is unlikely to win because past winners have all been lyrical , very emotional routines . </P> A screenshot from the So You Think You Can Dance season seven finale showing Ellen DeGeneres and hip - hop dancer tWitch performing `` Outta Your Mind '' . <P> On a later episode , Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed a lyrical hip - hop routine to Alicia Keys debut single `` Fallin ' '' . Of the dance , judge Mia Michaels stated `` That to me felt more real than any contemporary piece , honestly , because it came from such a raw raw space and place . That was absolutely unbelievable , and it was like watching a dance film . '' Lythgoe stated that the dance reminded him of `` Bleeding Love '' and `` No Air '' from season four and added `` Somehow Napoleon and Tabitha have this ability ... to put emotion into hip - hop routines and it really is a real talent . '' </P> <P> The positive reviews continued through the rest of the season . Of Tabitha and Napoleon 's `` Scars '' routine about angry clowns , Lythgoe called the piece `` stunning '' and Michaels described it as `` hip - hop theater '' . After the episode aired , Dance Spirit magazine wrote `` Tabitha and Napoleon are on FIRE this season ! '' The Los Angeles Times echoed this comment stating that season seven had been `` Nappytabs ' best season '' . On the Top 3 performance episode , after their `` Power '' routine danced by eventual champion Lauren Froderman and `` All - Star '' tWitch , Michaels commented `` Nappytabs what a season you have had , my God . It 's been like home run after home run after home run ... '' Shankman echoed this comment on the finale by calling Tabitha and Napoleon `` the MVPs of the season '' . Four of their routines -- `` Fallin ' '' , `` Scars '' , `` Battle for the Beat '' , and `` My Chick Bad '' -- were chosen as `` Judges ' Favorite '' during the season seven finale broadcast . Due to an injury sustained by Alex Wong , `` Outta Your Mind '' was not picked as a judge 's favorite . Instead , it was performed by tWitch and special guest Ellen DeGeneres as a tribute to Alex just before Lauren Froderman was declared the winner of season seven . </P> <P> Season eight brought back mixed feedback . Early in the season , Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed a lyrical hip - hop routine `` Coming Home '' about a veteran coming back to his wife after returning from his deployment . The routine generated positive while emotional responses causing both guest judge Debbie Reynolds and resident judge Mary Murphy to cry while giving feedback . The Star Ledger placed `` Coming Home '' at number three in its list of the top five routines performed during season eight . Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed another lyrical hip - hop routine `` I Got You '' on the Top 16 performance episode . Celebuzz.com called the routine `` dramatic and breathtaking '' . The dance generated positive reviews from the judges causing them to spontaneously kiss one another in response to a kiss that was choreographed into the dance . On the Top 8 performance episode , Lady Gaga appeared as a guest judge in which three hip - hop routines were performed . Although Tabitha and Napoleon choreographed two of them , she criticized their work while giving feedback on all three . She indirectly criticized them after a lyrical hip - hop piece choreographed by Marty Kudelka in which she referred to the dance style as `` dated '' . Of the two routines they did choreograph , she criticized their use of props in both of them . A flower was used in the first routine `` Take a Bow '' about a cheating boyfriend asking for forgiveness . Several props including trash cans , rags , and brooms were used in the second routine `` Bad Boys for Life '' about waste management workers . Aside from disliking the props , she described their hip - hop choreography for `` Bad Boys for Life '' as `` contrived '' . On the finale , `` Coming Home '' was not picked as a `` Judges Favorite '' but two other routines they choreographed , `` I Got You '' and `` Break Ya Neck '' , were chosen instead by judges Nigel Lythgoe and Lil ' C respectively . </P> <H3> Make Your Move ( edit ) </H3> See also : Make Your Move ( film ) § Reception <P> Make Your Move was released in South Korea and the United States in April 2013 . With the exception of a make - out scene the choreography was generally praised among critics . The Washington Post stated `` Although the bit of bedroom footwork was more laugh - inducing than anything , some of the dancing really is spectacular . Scenes from the competing clubs include impressive choreography and gravity - defying moves . '' KPopStarz.com wrote `` The

The judges on "So You Think You Can Dance" are

Who are the judges on do you think you can dance?

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Walk the Line ( soundtrack ) - wikipedia <H1> Walk the Line ( soundtrack ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Walk the Line : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Various Artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 15 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rock and roll </Li> <Li> rockabilly </Li> <Li> country </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 41 : 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Wind - Up Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> T - Bone Burnett </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allmusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Walk the Line : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2005 biographical drama film of the same name released November 15 , 2005 by Wind - Up Records . There are nine songs performed by Joaquin Phoenix ( as Johnny Cash ) , four songs by Reese Witherspoon ( as June Carter Cash ) , one song by Waylon Payne ( as Jerry Lee Lewis ) , one song by Johnathan Rice ( as Roy Orbison ) , two songs by Tyler Hilton ( as Elvis Presley ) , and one song by Shooter Jennings ( as Waylon Jennings ) . At the Golden Globe Awards Joaquin Phoenix was awarded the Best Actor - Musical or Comedy and Reese Witherspoon was awarded the Best Actress - Musical or Comedy , as well as the film won the Best Picture - Musical or Comedy . Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress , which Witherspoon won . </P> <P> Walk the Line is an enhanced CD which also contains two deleted scenes from the film : Phoenix performing `` Rock ' n ' Roll Ruby '' and Phoenix and Witherspoon together near the scene of `` Jackson '' . </P> <P> The cover features the two stars in an early publicity still , several of which were included as bonus postcards in the Collector 's Edition DVD . </P> <P> As of May 17 , 2006 the soundtrack was certified platinum by the RIAA with over 1,000,000 copies sold . </P> <P> On February 11 , 2007 this album won a Grammy for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture , Television or Other Visual Media . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Track listing </Li> <Li> 2 Additional tracks </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Performer </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Get Rhythm '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 2 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` I Walk the Line '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 3 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Wildwood Flower '' </Td> <Td> Reese Witherspoon </Td> <Td> 2 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Lewis Boogie '' </Td> <Td> Waylon Payne </Td> <Td> 2 : 01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Ring of Fire '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 3 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` You 're My Baby '' </Td> <Td> Johnathan Rice </Td> <Td> 2 : 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Cry ! Cry ! Cry ! '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 2 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Folsom Prison Blues '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 2 : 52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` That 's All Right '' </Td> <Td> Tyler Hilton </Td> <Td> 1 : 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Juke Box Blues '' </Td> <Td> Reese Witherspoon </Td> <Td> 2 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` It Ai n't Me Babe '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon </Td> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` Home of the Blues '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 2 : 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Milk Cow Blues '' </Td> <Td> Tyler Hilton </Td> <Td> 2 : 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` I 'm a Long Way from Home '' </Td> <Td> Shooter Jennings </Td> <Td> 2 : 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` Cocaine Blues '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix </Td> <Td> 2 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Jackson '' </Td> <Td> Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon </Td> <Td> 2 : 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 41 : 38 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Additional tracks ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film also featured a variety of country , rockabilly and traditional scoring . They were not featured on the soundtrack CD . </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Engine 143 '' -- The Carter Family </Li> <Li> `` Highway 61 Revisited '' -- Bob Dylan </Li> <Li> `` Did n't It Rain '' -- Sister Rosetta Tharpe </Li> <Li> `` Dark Was the Night , Cold Was the Ground '' -- Blind Willie Johnson </Li> <Li> `` Volksmusik Medley '' -- Hans Glisha Orchestra </Li> <Li> `` I Was There When It Happened '' -- The Blackwood Brothers </Li> <Li> `` Try Me One Time '' -- Willie Nix </Li> <Li> `` Ai n't That Right '' -- Eddie Snow </Li> <Li> `` Boogie Blues '' -- Earl Peterson </Li> <Li> `` I Miss You Already '' -- Faron Young </Li> <Li> `` Defrost Your Heart '' -- Charlie Feathers </Li> <Li> `` Feelin ' Good '' -- Little Junior 's Blue Flames </Li> <Li> `` Bop Bop Baby '' -- Wade and Dick </Li> <Li> `` Rock With My Baby '' -- Billy Riley </Li> <Li> `` Rock N ' Roll Ruby '' -- Joaquin Phoenix </Li> <Li> `` Fujiyama Mama '' -- Wanda Jackson </Li> <Li> `` She Wears Red Feathers '' -- Guy Mitchell </Li> <Li> `` Easy Does It '' -- Lewis LaMedica </Li> <Li> `` Hey Porter '' -- Joaquin Phoenix </Li> <Li> `` Candy Man Blues '' -- Mississippi John Hurt </Li> <Li> `` I Got Stripes '' -- Joaquin Phoenix </Li> <Li> `` Light of the Night '' -- Werner Tautz </Li> <Li> `` You Get To Me '' -- Minnie and the Minuettes </Li> <Li> `` Time 's a Wastin ' '' -- Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon </Li> <Li> `` Ring of Fire '' -- Reese Witherspoon </Li> <Li> `` Cartoon World '' </Li> <Li> `` Ghost Town / Poem For Eva '' -- Bill Frisell </Li> <Li> `` In the Sweet By and By '' </Li> <Li> `` Long Legged Guitar Pickin ' Man '' -- Johnny Cash and June Carter </Li> <Li> `` Rainy Day Women # 12 & 35 '' -- Bob Dylan </Li> </Ol> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2006 ) </Th> <Th> Peak </Th> <Th> Certification ( sales ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Albums Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Platinum ( 70,000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austrian Albums Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian Albums Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2x Platinum ( 200,000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Danish Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swiss Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard 200 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Platinum ( 1,000,000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Top Soundtracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand Albums Chart </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Gold ( 7,500 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Allmusic review </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ CRIA Gold & Platinum certifications for November 2006 . Retrieved July 25 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Recording Industry Association of America '' . RIAA . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 12 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walk_the_Line_(soundtrack)&oldid=801148526 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Film soundtracks </Li> <Li> 2005 soundtracks </Li> <Li> Wind - up Records soundtracks </Li> <Li> Rockabilly soundtracks </Li> <Li> Bluegrass albums </Li> <Li> Johnny Cash tribute albums </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 17 September 2017 , at 23 : 30 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The songs in the movie Walk the Line were sung by

Who sang the songs on walk the line?

-950492354533820780

History of the Great Wall of China - Wikipedia <H1> History of the Great Wall of China </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Course of the Wall throughout history <P> The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn ( 771 -- 476 BC ) and Warring States periods ( 475 -- 221 BC ) were connected by the first emperor of China , Qin Shi Huang , to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty ( 221 -- 206 BC ) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia . The walls were built of rammed earth , constructed using forced labour , and by 212 BC ran from Gansu to the coast of southern Manchuria . </P> <P> Later dynasties adopted different policies towards northern frontier defense . The Han ( 202 BC -- 220 AD ) , the Northern Qi ( 550 -- 574 ) , the Sui ( 589 -- 618 ) , and particularly the Ming ( 1369 -- 1644 ) were among those that rebuilt , re-manned , and expanded the Walls , although they rarely followed Qin 's routes . The Han extended the fortifications furthest to the west , the Qi built about 1,600 kilometres ( 990 mi ) of new walls , while the Sui mobilised over a million men in their wall - building efforts . Conversely , the Tang ( 618 -- 907 ) , the Song ( 960 -- 1279 ) , the Yuan ( 1271 -- 1368 ) , and the Qing ( 1644 -- 1911 ) mostly did not build frontier walls , instead opting for other solutions to the Inner Asian threat like military campaigning and diplomacy . </P> <P> Although a useful deterrent against raids , at several points throughout its history the Great Wall failed to stop enemies , including in 1644 when the Manchu Qing marched through the gates of Shanhai Pass and replaced the most ardent of the wall - building dynasties , the Ming , as rulers of China . </P> <P> The Great Wall of China visible today largely dates from the Ming dynasty , as they rebuilt much of the wall in stone and brick , often extending its line through challenging terrain . Some sections remain in relatively good condition or have been renovated , while others have been damaged or destroyed for ideological reasons , deconstructed for their building materials , or lost due to the ravages of time . For long an object of fascination for foreigners , the wall is now a revered national symbol and a popular tourist destination . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geographical considerations </Li> <Li> 2 Pre-Imperial China ( 7th century -- 221 BC ) </Li> <Li> 3 Qin dynasty ( 221 -- 206 BC ) </Li> <Li> 4 Han dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) </Li> <Li> 5 Period of Disunity to the Sui dynasty ( 220 -- 618 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Tang dynasty ( 618 -- 907 ) </Li> <Li> 7 Northern Song ( 960 - 1127 ) </Li> <Li> 8 Conquest dynasties ( 907 - 1368 ) <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Liao dynasty frontier </Li> <Li> 8.2 The two walls of Jin dynasty </Li> <Li> 8.3 The Tangut Great Wall </Li> <Li> 8.4 The onset of the Mongols </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Ming dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) <Ul> <Li> 9.1 The early walls </Li> <Li> 9.2 The Walls of Xuanfu -- Datong and the western reaches </Li> <Li> 9.3 From Beijing to Shanhai Pass </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1911 ) <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Western appreciation of the Wall </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Modern China ( 1911 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 12 Historiography </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geographical considerations ( edit ) </H2> Topographical map of China 's northern frontier area , with modern political boundaries . Manchuria , unmarked , is to the east of Inner Mongolia . <P> The conflict between the Chinese and the nomads , from which the need for the Great Wall arose , stemmed from differences in geography . The 15 '' isohyet marks the extent of settled agriculture , dividing the fertile fields of China to the south and the semi-arid grasslands of Inner Asia to the north . The climates and the topography of the two regions led to distinct modes of societal development . </P> <P> According to the model by sinologist Karl August Wittfogel , the loess soils of Shaanxi made it possible for the Chinese to develop irrigated agriculture early on . Although this allowed them to expand into the lower reaches of the Yellow River valley , such extensive waterworks on an ever - increasing scale required collective labour , something that could only be managed by some form of bureaucracy . Thus the scholar - bureaucrats came to the fore to keep track of the income and expenses of the granaries . Walled cities grew up around the granaries for reasons of defence along with ease of administration ; they kept invaders out and ensured that citizens remained within . These cities combined to become feudal states , which eventually united to become an empire . Likewise , according to this model , walls not only enveloped cities as time went by , but also lined the borders of the feudal states and eventually the whole Chinese empire to provide protection against raids from the agrarian northern steppes . </P> <P> The steppe societies of Inner Asia , whose climate favoured a pastoral economy , stood in stark contrast to the Chinese mode of development . As animal herds are migratory by nature , communities could not afford to be stationary and therefore evolved as nomads . According to the influential Mongolist Owen Lattimore this lifestyle proved to be incompatible with the Chinese economic model . As the steppe population grew , pastoral agriculture alone could not support the population , and tribal alliances needed to be maintained by material rewards . For these needs , the nomads had to turn to the settled societies to get grains , metal tools , and luxury goods , which they could not produce by themselves . If denied trade by the settled peoples , the nomads would resort to raiding or even conquest . </P> <P> Potential nomadic incursion from three main areas of Inner Asia caused concern to northern China : Mongolia to the north , Manchuria to the northeast , and Xinjiang to the northwest . Of the three , China 's chief concern since the earliest times had been Mongolia -- the home of many of the country 's fiercest enemies including the Xiongnu , the Xianbei , the Khitans , and the Mongols . The Gobi Desert , which accounts for two - thirds of Mongolia 's area , divided the main northern and southern grazing lands and pushed the pastoral nomads to the fringes of the steppe . On the southern side ( Inner Mongolia ) , this pressure brought the nomads into contact with China . </P> <P> For the most part , barring intermittent passes and valleys ( the major one being the corridor through Zhangjiakou and the Juyong Pass ) , the North China Plain remained shielded from the Mongolian steppe by the Yin Mountains . However , if this defence were breached , China 's flat terrain offered no protection to the cities on the plain , including the imperial capitals of Beijing , Kaifeng , and Luoyang . Heading west along the Yin Mountains , the range ends where the Yellow River circles northwards upstream in the area known as the Ordos Loop -- technically part of the steppe , but capable of irrigated agriculture . Although the Yellow River formed a theoretical natural boundary with the north , such a border so far into the steppe was difficult to maintain . The lands south of the Yellow River -- the Hetao , the Ordos Desert , and the Loess Plateau -- provided no natural barriers on the approach to the Wei River valley , the oft - called cradle of Chinese civilization where the ancient capital Xi'an lay . As such , control of the Ordos remained extremely important for the rulers of China : not only for potential influence over the steppe , but also for the security of China proper . The region 's strategic importance combined with its untenability led many dynasties to place their first walls here . </P> <P> Although Manchuria is home to the agricultural lands of the Liao River valley , its location beyond the northern mountains relegated it to the relative periphery of Chinese concern . When Chinese state control became weak , at various points in history Manchuria fell under the control of the forest peoples of the area , including the Jurchens and the Manchus . The most crucial route that links Manchuria and the North China Plain is a narrow coastal strip of land , wedged between the Bohai Sea and the Yan Mountains , called the Shanhai Pass ( literally the `` mountain and sea pass '' ) . The pass gained much importance during the later dynasties , when the capital was set in Beijing , a mere 300 kilometres ( 190 miles ) away . In addition to the Shanhai Pass , a handful of mountain passes also provide access from Manchuria into China through the Yan Mountains , chief among them the Gubeikou and Xifengkou ( Chinese : 喜 峰 口 ) . </P> <P> Xinjiang , considered part of the Turkestan region , consists of an amalgamation of deserts , oases , and dry steppe barely suitable for agriculture . When influence from the steppe powers of Mongolia waned , the various Central Asian oasis kingdoms and nomadic clans like the Göktürks and Uyghurs were able to form their own states and confederations that threatened China at times . China proper is connected to this area by the Hexi Corridor , a narrow string of oases bounded by the Gobi Desert to the north and the high Tibetan Plateau to the south . In addition to considerations of frontier defence , the Hexi Corridor also formed an important part of the Silk Road trade route . Thus it was also in China 's economic interest to control this stretch of land , and hence the Great Wall 's western terminus is in this corridor -- the Yumen Pass during Han times and the Jiayu Pass during the Ming dynasty and thereafter . </P> <H2> Pre-Imperial China ( 7th century -- 221 BC ) ( edit ) </H2> Remnants of the Great Wall of Qi on Dafeng Mountain , Changqing District , Jinan , which was once part of the ancient State of Qi during the Warring States Period . <P> One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem , dated from the seventh century BC , recorded in the Classic of Poetry . The poem tells of a king , now identified as King Xuan ( r . 827 -- 782 BC ) of the Western Zhou dynasty ( 1046 -- 771 BC ) , who commanded General Nan Zhong ( 南仲 ) to build a wall in the northern regions to fend off the Xianyun . The Xianyun , whose base of power was in the Ordos region , were regarded as part of the charioteering Rong tribes , and their attacks aimed at the early Zhou capital region of Haojing were probably the reason for King Xuan 's response . Nan Zhong 's campaign was recorded as a great victory . However , only a few years later in 771 BC another branch of the Rong people , the Quanrong , responded to a summons by the renegade Marquess of Shen by over-running the Zhou defences and laying waste to the capital . The cataclysmic event killed King Xuan 's successor King

The Great Wall of China was built to defend against

Who was the great wall of china built to defend against?

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Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 film ) - wikipedia <H1> Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Beauty and the Beast ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Beauty and the Beast </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Bill Condon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> David Hoberman </Li> <Li> Todd Lieberman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stephen Chbosky </Li> <Li> Evan Spiliotopoulos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Disney 's Beauty and the Beast by Linda Woolverton </Li> <Li> Beauty and the Beast by Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Emma Watson </Li> <Li> Dan Stevens </Li> <Li> Luke Evans </Li> <Li> Kevin Kline </Li> <Li> Josh Gad </Li> <Li> Ewan McGregor </Li> <Li> Stanley Tucci </Li> <Li> Audra McDonald </Li> <Li> Gugu Mbatha - Raw </Li> <Li> Ian McKellen </Li> <Li> Emma Thompson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Alan Menken </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Tobias A. Schliessler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Virginia Katz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Walt Disney Pictures </Li> <Li> Mandeville Films </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> February 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 23 ) ( Spencer House ) </Li> <Li> March 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 17 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 129 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $160 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $1.264 billion </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos , and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films . The film is based on Disney 's 1991 animated film of the same name , itself an adaptation of Jeanne - Marie Leprince de Beaumont 's eighteenth - century fairy tale . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans , Kevin Kline , Josh Gad , Ewan McGregor , Stanley Tucci , Audra McDonald , Gugu Mbatha - Raw , Ian McKellen , and Emma Thompson in supporting roles . </P> <P> Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey , United Kingdom on May 18 , 2015 , and ended on August 21 . Beauty and the Beast premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23 , 2017 , and was released in the United States in standard , Disney Digital 3 - D , RealD 3D , IMAX and IMAX 3D formats , along with Dolby Cinema on March 17 , 2017 . The film received generally positive reviews from critics , with many praising Watson and Stevens ' performances as well as the ensemble cast , faithfulness to the original animated film alongside elements from the Broadway musical , visual style , production design , and musical score , though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original . The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide , becoming the highest - grossing live - action musical film , and making it the highest - grossing film of 2017 and the 10th - highest - grossing film of all time . The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics ' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cast notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 4.2 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 North America </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 Outside North America </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Accolades </Li> <Li> 7 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Gay character </Li> <Li> 7.2 Belle and the Beast 's relationship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Rococo - era France , an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a castle during a ball and offers the host , a coldhearted prince , a rose for shelter . When he refuses , she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects , and erases the castle , the prince and his servants from the memories of their loved ones . She casts a spell on the rose and warns the prince that the curse will never lift unless he learns to love another , and earn their love in return , before the last petal falls . </P> <P> Some years later , in the small town of Villeneuve , Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston , an arrogant former soldier . Lost in the forest , Belle 's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast 's castle , but the Beast imprisons him for stealing a rose from his garden as a birthday gift to Belle . Belle ventures out in search for him , and finds him locked in the castle dungeon . The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice 's place . </P> <P> Belle befriends the castle 's servants , who invite her to a spectacular dinner . When she wanders into the forbidden west wing and finds the rose , the Beast , enraged , scares her into the woods . She is ambushed by a pack of wolves , but the Beast rescues her , and is injured in the process . As Belle nurses his wounds , a friendship develops between them . The Beast shows Belle a gift from the enchantress , a book that transports readers wherever they want . Belle uses it to visit her childhood home in Paris , where she discovers a plague doctor mask and realizes that she and her father were forced to leave her mother 's deathbed when her mother succumbed to the plague . </P> <P> In Villeneuve , Gaston sees rescuing Belle as an opportunity to win her hand in marriage , and agrees to help Maurice . When Maurice learns of his ulterior motive and rejects him , Gaston abandons him to the wolves . Maurice is rescued by the hermit Agathe , but when he tells the townsfolk of Gaston 's crime but is unable to provide solid evidence , Gaston convinces them to send Maurice to an insane asylum . </P> <P> After sharing a romantic dance with the Beast , Belle discovers her father 's predicament using a magic mirror . The Beast releases her to save Maurice , giving her the mirror to remember him with . At Villeneuve , Belle proves Maurice 's sanity by revealing the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk . Realizing that Belle loves the Beast , Gaston claims she has been charmed by dark magic , and has her thrown into the asylum carriage with her father . He rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to slay the Beast before he curses the whole village . Maurice and Belle escape , and Belle rushes back to the castle . </P> <P> During the battle , Gaston abandons his companion LeFou , who then sides with the servants to fend off the villagers . Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower , who is too depressed to fight back , but regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return . He overpowers Gaston , but spares his life before reuniting with Belle . However , Gaston fatally shoots the Beast from a bridge , but it collapses when the castle crumbles , and he falls to his death . The Beast dies as the last petal falls , and the servants become inanimate . When Belle tearfully professes her love to him , Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse , repairing the crumbling castle , and restoring the Beast 's and servants ' human forms and the villagers ' memories . The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom , where they dance happily . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Emma Watson as Belle , a young benevolent bibliophile woman who develops feelings for the Beast and begins to see the humanity within him . <Ul> <Li> Daisy Duczmal portrays an infant Belle . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dan Stevens as Beast , a cold - hearted prince who is transformed into a beast and forced to earn back his humanity by learning to truly love and be loved in return . <Ul> <Li> Adam Mitchell portrays the younger version of the prince . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Luke Evans as Gaston , a narcissistic and arrogant hunter and veteran of the French Royal Army who is willing to go as far as it takes to have Belle as his trophy wife . </Li> <Li> Kevin Kline as Maurice , Belle 's protective widowed father . <Ul> <Li> Jolyon Coy portrays the young Maurice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Josh Gad as LeFou , Gaston 's flamboyant and long - suffering sidekick who bolsters his friend 's ego but gets very little in return . </Li> <Li> Ewan McGregor as Lumière , the Beast 's charismatic bouteiller who has been transformed into a candelabra . </Li> <Li> Stanley Tucci as Maestro Cadenza , the neurotic court composer and Madame de Garderobe 's husband who has been transformed into a harpsichord . </Li> <Li> Audra McDonald as Madame de Garderobe , a world - renowned opera singer and Cadenza 's wife who has been transformed into a wardrobe . </Li> <Li> Gugu Mbatha - Raw as Plumette , one of the castle maids and Lumière 's lover who has been transformed into a feather duster . </Li> <Li> Ian McKellen as Cogsworth , the Beast 's gruff but loyal majordomo and the head of the household staff who has been transformed into a mantel clock . </Li> <Li> Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts , the castle 's motherly head housekeeper who has been transformed into a teapot . </Li> <Li> Hattie Morahan as Agathe , an impoverished hermit and resident of Villeneuve who , in reality , is the enchantress responsible for cursing the Prince . Morahan also narrates the prologue . <Ul> <Li> Rita Davies portrays the enchantress in her beggar woman form . The film was released posthumously after Davies ' death . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Nathan Mack as Chip , Mrs. Potts ' plucky son who has been transformed into a teacup . </Li> <Li> Adrian Schiller as Monsieur D'Arque , the sly warden of the local asylum who is bribed by Gaston to have Maurice institutionalized . </Li> <Li> Gerard Horan as Monsieur Jean Potts , an absent - minded potter and resident of Villeneuve who is later revealed to be Mrs. Potts ' husband and Chip 's father . </Li> <Li> Haydn Gwynne as Clothilde , a fishmonger and resident of Villeneuve who is later revealed to be Cogsworth 's wife . </Li> <Li> Michael Jibson as the Tavern Keeper , the owner and keeper of Villeneuve 's local tavern where Gaston and the village residents drink . </Li> <Li> Ray Fearon as Père Robert , Villeneuve 's local chaplain who encourages Belle

In the movie Beauty and the Beast, the role of the Beast was played by

Who played the beast in the movie beauty and the beast?

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Autumn - wikipedia <H1> Autumn </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Autumn ( disambiguation ) . `` Fall '' redirects here . For other uses , see Fall ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains too many pictures , charts or diagrams for its overall length . Please help to improve this article in accordance with the Manual of Style on use of images . ( September 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of the nature series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weather </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Calendar seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Winter </Li> <Li> Spring </Li> <Li> Summer </Li> <Li> Autumn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tropical seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dry season </Li> <Li> Wet season </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Storms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cloud </Li> <Li> Cumulonimbus cloud </Li> <Li> Arcus cloud </Li> <Li> Downburst </Li> <Li> Microburst </Li> <Li> Heat burst </Li> <Li> Dust storm </Li> <Li> Simoom </Li> <Li> Haboob </Li> <Li> Monsoon </Li> <Li> Gale </Li> <Li> Sirocco </Li> <Li> Firestorm </Li> <Li> Lightning </Li> <Li> Supercell </Li> <Li> Thunderstorm </Li> <Li> Severe thunderstorm </Li> <Li> Thundersnow </Li> <Li> Storm surge </Li> <Li> Tornado </Li> <Li> Cyclone </Li> <Li> Mesocyclone </Li> <Li> Anticyclone </Li> <Li> Tropical cyclone ( Hurricane ) </Li> <Li> Extratropical cyclone </Li> <Li> European windstorm </Li> <Li> Atlantic Hurricane </Li> <Li> Typhoon </Li> <Li> Derecho </Li> <Li> Landspout </Li> <Li> Dust devil </Li> <Li> Fire whirl </Li> <Li> Waterspout </Li> <Li> Winter storm <Ul> <Li> Ice storm </Li> <Li> Blizzard </Li> <Li> Ground blizzard </Li> <Li> Snowsquall </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Precipitation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Drizzle ( Freezing drizzle ) </Li> <Li> Graupel </Li> <Li> Hail </Li> <Li> Ice pellets ( Diamond dust ) </Li> <Li> Rain ( Freezing rain ) </Li> <Li> Cloudburst </Li> <Li> Snow <Ul> <Li> Rain and snow mixed </Li> <Li> Snow grains </Li> <Li> Snow roller </Li> <Li> Slush </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Atmospheric river </Li> <Li> Atmospheric convection </Li> <Li> Air pollution </Li> <Li> Climate </Li> <Li> Cloud </Li> <Li> Fog </Li> <Li> Cold wave </Li> <Li> Heat wave </Li> <Li> Jet stream </Li> <Li> Meteorology </Li> <Li> Severe weather </Li> <Li> Weather forecasting </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Weather portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Autumn , also known as fall in American and Canadian English , is one of the four temperate seasons . Autumn marks the transition from summer to winter , in September ( Northern Hemisphere ) or March ( Southern Hemisphere ) , when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools down considerably . One of its main features is the shedding of leaves from deciduous trees . </P> <P> Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as `` mid-autumn '' , while others with a longer temperature lag treat it as the start of autumn . Meteorologists ( and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere ) use a definition based on Gregorian calendar months , with autumn being September , October , and November in the northern hemisphere , and March , April , and May in the southern hemisphere . </P> <P> In North America , autumn is usually considered to start with the September equinox ( 21 to 24 September ) and end with the winter solstice ( 21 or 22 December ) . Popular culture in North America associates Labor Day , the first Monday in September , as the end of summer and the start of autumn ; certain summer traditions , such as wearing white , are discouraged after that date . As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease , trees shed their leaves . In traditional East Asian solar term , autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November . In Ireland , the autumn months according to the national meteorological service , Met Éireann , are September , October and November . However , according to the Irish Calendar , which is based on ancient Gaelic traditions , autumn lasts throughout the months of August , September and October , or possibly a few days later , depending on tradition . In Australia and New Zealand , autumn officially begins on 1 March and ends on 31 May . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Associations <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Harvest </Li> <Li> 2.2 Melancholia </Li> <Li> 2.3 Halloween </Li> <Li> 2.4 Other associations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Tourism </Li> <Li> 4 Paintings </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> Autumnal scene with yellow , orange and red leaves on trees and fallen on the ground Leaves of a maple tree in autumn <P> The word autumn comes from the ancient Etruscan root autu - and has within it connotations of the passing of the year . It was borrowed by the neighbouring Romans , and became the Latin word autumnus . After the Roman era , the word continued to be used as the Old French word autompne ( automne in modern French ) or autumpne in Middle English , and was later normalised to the original Latin . In the Medieval period , there are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century , but by the 16th century , it was in common use . </P> <P> Before the 16th century , harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season , as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf . Dutch herfst , German Herbst and Scots hairst ) . However , as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns , the word harvest lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping , and autumn , as well as fall , began to replace it as a reference to the season . </P> <P> The alternative word fall for the season traces its origins to old Germanic languages . The exact derivation is unclear , with the Old English fiæll or feallan and the Old Norse fall all being possible candidates . However , these words all have the meaning `` to fall from a height '' and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other . The term came to denote the season in 16th - century England , a contraction of Middle English expressions like `` fall of the leaf '' and `` fall of the year '' . </P> <P> During the 17th century , English emigration to the British colonies in North America was at its peak , and the new settlers took the English language with them . While the term fall gradually became obsolete in Britain , it became the more common term in North America . </P> <P> The name backend , a once common name for the season in Northern England , has today been largely replaced by the name autumn . </P> <H2> Associations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Harvest ( edit ) </H3> Harvest straw bales in a field of Schleswig - Holstein , Germany <P> Association with the transition from warm to cold weather , and its related status as the season of the primary harvest , has dominated its themes and popular images . In Western cultures , personifications of autumn are usually pretty , well - fed females adorned with fruits , vegetables and grains that ripen at this time . Many cultures feature autumnal harvest festivals , often the most important on their calendars . Still extant echoes of these celebrations are found in the autumn Thanksgiving holiday of the United States and Canada , and the Jewish Sukkot holiday with its roots as a full - moon harvest festival of `` tabernacles '' ( living in outdoor huts around the time of harvest ) . There are also the many North American Indian festivals tied to harvest of ripe foods gathered in the wild , the Chinese Mid-Autumn or Moon festival , and many others . The predominant mood of these autumnal celebrations is a gladness for the fruits of the earth mixed with a certain melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather . </P> <P> This view is presented in English poet John Keats ' poem To Autumn , where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity , a time of ' mellow fruitfulness ' . </P> <P> While most foods are harvested during the autumn , foods particularly associated with the season include pumpkins ( which are integral parts of both Thanksgiving and Halloween ) and apples , which are used to make the seasonal beverage apple cider . </P> <H3> Melancholia ( edit ) </H3> Maple tree with red leaves in the morning mist . Western Estonia <P> Autumn , especially in poetry , has often been associated with melancholia . The possibilities of summer are gone , and the chill of winter is on the horizon . Skies turn grey , the amount of usable daylight drops rapidly , and many people turn inward , both physically and mentally . It has been referred to as an unhealthy season . </P> <P> Similar examples may be found in Irish poet William Butler Yeats ' poem The Wild Swans at Coole where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own ageing self . Like the natural world that he observes , he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death . French poet Paul Verlaine 's `` Chanson d'automne '' ( `` Autumn Song '' ) is likewise characterised by strong , painful feelings of sorrow . Keats ' To Autumn , written in September 1819 , echoes this sense of melancholic reflection , but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season . </P> <H3> Halloween ( edit ) </H3> Halloween pumpkins <P> Autumn is associated with Halloween ( influenced by Samhain , a Celtic autumn festival ) , and with it a widespread marketing campaign that promotes it . Halloween is in autumn in the northern hemisphere . The television , film , book , costume , home decoration , and confectionery industries use this time of year to promote products closely associated with such a holiday , with promotions going from early September to 31 October , since their themes rapidly lose strength once the holiday ends , and advertising starts concentrating on Christmas . </P> <H3> Other associations ( edit ) </H3> Pumpkin pie is commonly served on and around Thanksgiving in North America All Saints ' Day at a cemetery in Sanok -- flowers and lit candles are placed to honor the memory of deceased relatives . Poland , 1 November 2011 Misty November evening , Germany Autumn rain in London Back to school sale at a Walmart <P> Autumn also has a strong association with the end of summer holiday and the start of a new school year , particularly for children in primary and secondary education . `` Back to School '' advertising and preparations usually occurs in the weeks leading to the beginning of autumn . </P> <P> Easter is in autumn in the southern hemisphere . </P> <P> Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada , in the United States , in some of the Caribbean islands and in Liberia . Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States , and around the same part of the year in other places

The word "autumn" has

What is the meaning of the word autumn?

3688138757377907769

Daylight saving time in the United states - Wikipedia <H1> Daylight saving time in the United states </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Ohio Clock in the U.S. Capitol being turned forward for the country 's first daylight saving time in 1918 <P> Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year , so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less . Most areas of the United States observe daylight saving time ( DST ) , the exceptions being Arizona ( except for the Navajo , who do observe daylight saving time on tribal lands ) , Hawaii , and the overseas territories of American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the United States Virgin Islands . The Uniform Time Act of 1966 established the system of uniform Daylight Saving Time throughout the US . </P> <P> In the U.S. , daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November , with the time changes taking place at 2 : 00 a.m. local time . With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons , clocks `` spring forward , fall back '' -- that is , in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2 : 00 a.m. to 3 : 00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2 : 00 a.m. to 1 : 00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks ( 238 days ) every year , about 65 % of the entire year . </P> <P> The following table lists recent past and near future starting and ending dates of daylight saving time in the United States : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Start </Th> <Th> End </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> March 8 </Td> <Td> November 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> March 13 </Td> <Td> November 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> March 12 </Td> <Td> November 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> March 11 </Td> <Td> November 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2019 </Td> <Td> March 10 </Td> <Td> November 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2020 </Td> <Td> March 8 </Td> <Td> November 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2021 </Td> <Td> March 14 </Td> <Td> November 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2022 </Td> <Td> March 13 </Td> <Td> November 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2023 </Td> <Td> March 12 </Td> <Td> November 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2024 </Td> <Td> March 10 </Td> <Td> November 3 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of DST in the United States <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1916 -- 1966 : Early , inconsistent use </Li> <Li> 1.2 1966 -- 1972 : Federal standard established </Li> <Li> 1.3 1973 -- 1975 : Year - round experiment </Li> <Li> 1.4 1975 -- 1986 : Extension of daylight saving time </Li> <Li> 1.5 2005 -- 2009 : Second extension </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Procedure for modifications <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Changing an area 's time zone </Li> <Li> 2.2 Moving an area on or off DST </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Local DST observance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Alaska </Li> <Li> 3.2 Arizona <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Reservations in Arizona </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 California </Li> <Li> 3.4 Florida </Li> <Li> 3.5 Hawaii </Li> <Li> 3.6 Indiana </Li> <Li> 3.7 Michigan </Li> <Li> 3.8 Nevada </Li> <Li> 3.9 Washington </Li> <Li> 3.10 Other U.S. locations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Time zones </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of DST in the United states ( edit ) </H2> <P> Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784 . His essay , `` An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light '' , written to the editor of The Journal of Paris , observed that Parisians could save on candles by getting out of bed earlier in the morning , making use of the natural morning light instead . Franklin 's suggestion seems to have been more of a joke than a real proposal , and nothing came of it . </P> <H3> 1916 -- 1966 : early , inconsistent use ( edit ) </H3> <P> During World War I , in an effort to conserve fuel , Germany began observing DST on May 1 , 1916 . The rest of Europe soon followed . The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19 , 1918 , which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31 , 1918 ( reverting October 27 ) . The idea was unpopular and Congress abolished DST after the war , overriding President Woodrow Wilson 's veto . DST became a local option and was observed in some states until World War II , when President Franklin Roosevelt instituted year - round DST , called `` War Time '' , on February 9 , 1942 . It lasted until the last Sunday ( the 30th ) in September 1945 . After 1945 many states and cities east of the Mississippi River ( and mostly north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers ) adopted summer DST . </P> <P> From 1945 to 1966 there was no federal law on daylight saving time , so localities could choose when it began and ended or drop it entirely . As of 1954 , only California and Nevada had statewide DST west of the Mississippi , and only a few cities between Nevada and St. Louis . In the 1964 Official Railway Guide , 21 of the 48 contiguous states had no DST anywhere . </P> <H3> 1966 -- 1972 : federal standard established ( edit ) </H3> <P> By 1962 , the transportation industry found the lack of consistency confusing enough to push for federal regulation . The result was the Uniform Time Act of 1966 ( P.L. 89 - 387 ) . Beginning in 1967 , the act mandated standard time within the established time zones and provided for advanced time : clocks would be advanced one hour beginning at 2 : 00 a.m. on the last Sunday in April and turned back one hour at 2 : 00 a.m. on the last Sunday in October . States were allowed to exempt themselves from DST as long as the entire state did so . If a state chose to observe DST , the time changes were required to begin and end on the established dates . In 1967 , Arizona and Michigan became the first states to exempt themselves from DST ( Michigan would begin observing DST in 1972 ) . In 1972 , the act was amended ( P.L. 92 - 267 ) , allowing those states split between time zones to exempt either the entire state or that part of the state lying within a different time zone . The newly created Department of Transportation ( DOT ) was given power to enforce the law . As of 2014 , the following states and territories are not observing DST : Arizona , Hawaii , American Samoa , Puerto Rico , and the Virgin Islands . </P> <H3> 1973 -- 1975 : year - round Experiment ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the 1973 oil embargo by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OAPEC ) , in an effort to conserve fuel , Congress enacted a trial period of year - round DST ( P.L. 93 - 182 ) , beginning January 6 , 1974 , and ending April 27 , 1975 . The trial was hotly debated . Those in favor pointed to increased daylight hours in the summer evening : more time for recreation , reduced lighting and heating demands , reduced crime , and reduced automobile accidents . The opposition was concerned about children leaving for school in the dark . The act was amended in October 1974 ( P.L. 93 - 434 ) to return to standard time for the period beginning October 27 , 1974 , and ending February 23 , 1975 , when DST resumed . When the trial ended in 1975 , the country returned to observing summer DST ( with the aforementioned exceptions ) . </P> <H3> 1975 -- 1986 : extension of daylight saving time ( edit ) </H3> <P> The DOT , evaluating the plan of extending DST into March , reported in 1975 that `` modest overall benefits might be realized by a shift from the historic six - month DST ( May through October ) in areas of energy conservation , overall traffic safety and reduced violent crime . '' However , DOT also reported that these benefits were minimal and difficult to distinguish from seasonal variations and fluctuations in energy prices . </P> <P> Congress then asked the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS , today NIST ) to evaluate the DOT report . Its report , `` Review and Technical Evaluation of the DOT Daylight Saving Time Study '' ( April 1976 ) , found no significant energy savings or differences in traffic fatalities . It did find statistically significant evidence of increased fatalities among school - age children in the mornings during the four - month period January -- April 1974 as compared with the same period ( non-DST ) of 1973 . NBS stated that it was impossible to determine , what , if any , of this increase was due to DST . When this data was compared between 1973 and 1974 for the months of March and April , no significant difference was found in fatalities among school - age children in the mornings . </P> <P> In 1986 Congress enacted P.L. 99 - 359 , amending the Uniform Time Act by changing the beginning of DST to the first Sunday in April and having the end remain the last Sunday in October . These start and end dates were in effect from 1987 to 2006 . The time was adjusted at 2 : 00 a.m. local time . </P> <H3> 2005 -- 2009 : second extension ( edit ) </H3> <P> By the Energy Policy Act of 2005 , daylight saving time ( DST ) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007 . As from that year , DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November . In years when April 1 falls on Monday through Wednesday , these changes result in a DST period that is five weeks longer ; in all other years the DST period is instead four weeks longer . In 2008 daylight saving time ended at 2 : 00 a.m. DST ( 0200 ) ( 1 : 00 a.m. ST ) on Sunday , November 2 , and in 2009 it began at 2 : 00 a.m. ( 3 : 00 a.m. DST ) on Sunday , March 8 . </P> <P> Under Section 110 of the Act , the U.S. Department of Energy was required to study the impact of the 2007 DST extension no later than nine months after the change took effect . The report , released in October 2008 , reported a nationwide electricity savings of 0.03 % for the year of 2007 . </P> <P> An October 2008 study conducted by the University of California at Santa Barbara for the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the 2006 DST adoption in Indiana increased energy consumption in Indiana by an average of 1 % . Although consumption for lighting dropped as a result of the DST adoption , consumption for heating and cooling increased by 2 % to 4 % . The cost to the average Indiana household of the DST adoption was determined to be $3.29 per year , for an aggregate cost of $1.7 million to $5.5 million per year . </P> <P> The United States Chamber of Commerce has praised the extension of daylight 's saving under the

Daylight Saving Time started in the US on

When did day light savings start in the us?

235827364638368133

Boötes - wikipedia <H1> Boötes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Northern constellation . For the astronomical observatory , see BOOTES . <Table> Boötes <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Constellation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of stars in Boötes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Abbreviation </Th> <Td> Boo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genitive </Th> <Td> Boötis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pronunciation </Th> <Td> / boʊˈoʊtiːz / , genitive / boʊˈoʊtɪs / </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symbolism </Th> <Td> The Herdsman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Right ascension </Th> <Td> 13 36.1 to 15 49.3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Declination </Th> <Td> + 7.36 ° to + 55.1 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quadrant </Th> <Td> NQ3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 907 sq. deg . ( 13th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main stars </Th> <Td> 7 , 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bayer / Flamsteed stars </Th> <Td> 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stars with planets </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stars brighter than 3.00 </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stars within 10.00 pc ( 32.62 ly ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brightest star </Th> <Td> Arcturus ( α Boo ) ( − 0.04 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Messier objects </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meteor showers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> January Bootids </Li> <Li> June Bootids </Li> <Li> Quadrantids </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bordering constellations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Canes Venatici </Li> <Li> Coma Berenices </Li> <Li> Corona Borealis </Li> <Li> Draco </Li> <Li> Hercules </Li> <Li> Serpens Caput </Li> <Li> Virgo </Li> <Li> Ursa Major </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Visible at latitudes between + 90 ° and − 50 ° . Best visible at 21 : 00 ( 9 p.m. ) during the month of June . Other designations : Arctophylax </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Boötes / boʊˈoʊtiːz / is a constellation in the northern sky , located between 0 ° and + 60 ° declination , and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere . The name comes from the Greek Βοώτης , Boōtēs , meaning `` herdsman '' or `` plowman '' ( literally , `` ox - driver '' ; from βοῦς bous `` cow '' ) . </P> <P> One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd - century astronomer Ptolemy , Boötes is now one of the 88 modern constellations . It contains the fourth - brightest star in the night sky , the orange giant star Arcturus . Epsilon Bootis , or Izar , is a colourful multiple star popular with amateur astronomers . Boötes is home to many other bright stars , including eight above the fourth magnitude and an additional 21 above the fifth magnitude , making a total of 29 stars easily visible to the naked eye . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History and mythology <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Non-Western astronomy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 3 Features <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Stars <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Multiple stars </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 Variable stars </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Stars with planetary systems </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Deep - sky objects </Li> <Li> 3.3 Meteor showers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History and mythology ( edit ) </H2> <P> In ancient Babylon , the stars of Boötes were known as SHU.PA . They were apparently depicted as the god Enlil , who was the leader of the Babylonian pantheon and special patron of farmers . Boötes may have been represented by the foreleg constellation in ancient Egypt . According to this interpretation , the constellation depicts the shape of an animal foreleg . </P> The constellation of Boötes overlaid on the ancient Egyptian foreleg constellation . <P> The name Boötes was first used by Homer in his Odyssey as a celestial reference point for navigation , described as `` late - setting '' or `` slow to set '' , translated as the `` Plowman '' . Exactly whom Boötes is supposed to represent in Greek mythology is not clear . According to one version , he was a son of Demeter , Philomenus , twin brother of Plutus , a ploughman who drove the oxen in the constellation Ursa Major . This is corroborated by the constellation 's name , which itself means `` ox - driver '' or `` herdsman . '' The ancient Greeks saw the asterism now called the `` Big Dipper '' or `` Plough '' as a cart with oxen . This influenced the name 's etymology , derived from the Greek for `` noisy '' or `` ox - driver '' . Another myth associated with Boötes tells that he invented the plow and was memorialized for his ingenuity as a constellation . </P> <P> Another myth associated with Boötes by Hyginus is that of Icarius , who was schooled as a grape farmer and winemaker by Dionysus . Icarius made wine so strong that those who drank it appeared poisoned , which caused shepherds to avenge their supposedly poisoned friends by killing Icarius . Maera , Icarius ' dog , brought his daughter Erigone to her father 's body , whereupon both she and the dog committed suicide . Zeus then chose to honor all three by placing them in the sky as constellations : Icarius as Boötes , Erigone as Virgo , and Maera as Canis Major or Canis Minor . </P> <P> Following another reading , the constellation is identified with Arcas and also referred to as Arcas and Arcturus , son of Zeus and Callisto . Arcas was brought up by his maternal grandfather Lycaon , to whom one day Zeus went and had a meal . To verify that the guest was really the king of the gods , Lycaon killed his grandson and prepared a meal made from his flesh . Zeus noticed and became very angry , transforming Lycaon into a wolf and gave back life to his son . In the meantime Callisto had been transformed into a she - bear , by Zeus 's wife , Hera , who was angry at Zeus 's infidelity . This is corroborated by the Greek name for Boötes , Arctophylax , which means `` Bear Watcher '' . Callisto in form of a bear was almost killed by her son who was out hunting . Zeus rescued her , taking her into the sky where she became Ursa Major , `` the Great Bear '' . The name Arcturus ( the constellation 's brightest star ) comes from the Greek word meaning `` guardian of the bear '' . Sometimes Arcturus is depicted as leading the hunting dogs of nearby Canes Venatici and driving the bears of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor . </P> Boötes as depicted in Urania 's Mirror , a set of constellation cards published in London c. 1825 . In his left hand he holds his hunting dogs , Canes Venatici . Below them is the constellation Coma Berenices . Above the head of Boötes is Quadrans Muralis , now obsolete , but which lives on as the name of the early January Quadrantid meteor shower . Mons Mænalus can be seen at his feet . <P> Several former constellations were formed from stars now included in Boötes . Quadrans Muralis , the Quadrant , was a constellation created near Beta Boötis from faint stars . It was invented in 1795 by Jérôme Lalande , an astronomer who used a quadrant to perform detailed astronometric measurements . Lalande worked with Nicole - Reine Lepaute and others to predict the 1758 return of Halley 's Comet . Quadrans Muralis was formed from the stars of eastern Boötes , western Hercules , and Draco . It was originally called Le Mural by Jean Fortin in his 1795 Atlas Céleste ; it was not given the name Quadrans Muralis until Johann Bode 's 1801 Uranographia . The constellation was quite faint , with its brightest stars reaching the 5th magnitude . Mons Maenalus , representing the Maenalus mountains , was created by Johannes Hevelius in 1687 at the foot of the constellation 's figure . The mountain was named for the son of Lycaon , Maenalus . The mountain , one of Diana 's hunting grounds , was also holy to Pan . </P> <H3> Non-western Astronomy ( edit ) </H3> <P> The stars of Boötes were incorporated into many different Chinese constellations . Arcturus was part of the most prominent of these , variously designated as the celestial king 's throne ( Tian Wang ) or the Blue Dragon 's horn ( Daijiao ) ; the name Daijiao , meaning `` great horn '' , is more common . Arcturus was given such importance in Chinese celestial mythology because of its status marking the beginning of the lunar calendar , as well as its status as the brightest star in the northern night sky . Two constellations flanked Daijiao , Yousheti to the right and Zuosheti to the left ; they represented companions that orchestrated the seasons . Zuosheti was formed from modern Zeta , Omicron , and Pi Boötis , while Yousheti was formed from modern Eta , Tau , and Upsilon Boötis . Dixi , the Emperor 's ceremonial banquet mat , was north of Arcturus , consisting of the stars 12 , 11 , and 9 Boötis . Another northern constellation was Qigong , the Seven Dukes , which was mostly across the Boötes - Hercules border . It included either Delta Boötis or Beta Boötis as its terminus . </P> <P> The other Chinese constellations made up of the stars of Boötes existed in the modern constellation 's north ; they are all representations of weapons . Tianqiang , the spear , was formed from Iota , Kappa , and Theta Boötis ; Genghe , variously representing a lance or shield , was formed from Epsilon , Rho , and Sigma Boötis . There were also two weapons made up of a singular star . Xuange , the halberd , was represented by Lambda Boötis , and Zhaoyao , either the sword or the spear , was represented by Gamma Boötis . </P> <P> Two Chinese constellations have an uncertain placement in Boötes . Kangchi , the lake , was placed south of Arcturus , though its specific location is disputed . It may have been placed entirely in Boötes , on either side of the Boötes - Virgo border , or on either side of the Virgo - Libra border . The constellation Zhouding , a bronze tripod - mounted container used for food , was sometimes cited as the stars 1 , 2 , and 6 Boötis . However , it has also been associated with three stars in Coma Berenices . </P> <P> Boötes is also known to North American cultures . In Yup'ik Boötes is Taluyaq , literally `` fish trap , '' and the funnel shaped part of the fish trap is known as Ilulirat . </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Boötes is a constellation bordered by Virgo to the south , Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici to the west , Ursa Major to the northwest , Draco to the northeast , and Hercules , Corona Borealis and Serpens Caput to the east . The three - letter abbreviation for the constellation , as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922 , is ' Boo ' . The official constellation boundaries , as set by Eugène Delporte in 1930 , are defined by a polygon of 16 segments . In the equatorial coordinate system , the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 13 36.1 and 15 49.3 , while the declination coordinates stretch from + 7.36 ° to + 55.1 ° . Covering 907 square degrees , Boötes culminates at midnight around 2 May and ranks 13th in area . </P> <P> Colloquially , its pattern of stars has been likened to a kite or ice cream cone . However , depictions of Boötes have

The constellation Bootes got its name

How did the constellation bootes get its name?

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Rocinante - wikipedia <H1> Rocinante </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Rocinate . For other uses , see Rocinante ( disambiguation ) . <P> Rocinante ( Spanish pronunciation : ( roθiˈnante ) ) is Don Quixote 's horse in the novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes . In many ways , Rocinante is not only Don Quixote 's horse , but also his double : like Don Quixote , he is awkward , past his prime , and engaged in a task beyond his capacities . </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rocín in Spanish means a work horse or low - quality horse , but can also mean an illiterate or rough man . There are similar words in French ( roussin ; rosse ) , Portuguese ( rocim ) , and Italian ( ronzino ) . The etymology is uncertain . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rocinante </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Don Quixote character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Rocinante . Detail of the Cervantes monument in Madrid ( L. Coullaut , 1930 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Miguel de Cervantes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Horse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Male </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The name is a complex pun . In Spanish , ante has several meanings and can function as a standalone word as well as a suffix . One meaning is `` before '' or `` previously '' . Another is `` in front of '' . As a suffix , - ante in Spanish is adverbial ; rocinante refers to functioning as , or being , a rocín . `` Rocinante '' , then , follows Cervantes ' pattern using ambiguous , multivalent words , which is common throughout the novel . </P> <P> Rocinante 's name , then , signifies his change in status from the `` old nag '' of before to the `` foremost '' steed . As Cervantes describes Don Quixote 's choice of name : nombre a su parecer alto , sonoro y significativo de lo que había sido cuando fue rocín , antes de lo que ahora era , que era antes y primero de todos los rocines del mundo -- `` a name , to his thinking , lofty , sonorous , and significant of his condition as a hack before he became what he now was , the first and foremost of all the hacks in the world '' . </P> <P> In chapter 1 , Cervantes describes Don Quixote 's careful naming of his steed : </P> <P> Four days were spent in thinking what name to give him , because ( as he said to himself ) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so famous , and one with such merits of his own , should be without some distinctive name , and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he had been before belonging to a knight - errant , and what he then was . '' </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Mancing , Howard ( 2004 ) . `` Rocinante '' . The Cervantes Encyclopedia : L -- Z . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press . p. 618 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cull , John T. ( 1990 ) . `` The ' Knight of the Broken Lance ' and his ' Trusty Steed ' : On Don Quixote and Rocinante '' . Cervantes : Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America . 10 ( 2 ) : 37 -- 53 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ de Cervantes , Miguel . Don Quijote , Editorial del Valle de México , 1st edition , p. 3 , 1981 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ormsby , John . `` Chapter 1 '' . Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes . Retrieved 2011 - 02 - 18 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Miguel de Cervantes 's Don Quixote ( 1606 / 1615 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Don Quixote <Ul> <Li> Alonso Quijano </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Sancho Panza </Li> <Li> Clavileño </Li> <Li> Dulcinea del Toboso </Li> <Li> Ginés de Pasamonte </Li> <Li> Ricote </Li> <Li> Rocinante </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stage </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Comical History of Don Quixote ( 1694 play ) </Li> <Li> Double Falsehood ( 1727 play ) </Li> <Li> Don Quichotte auf der Hochzeit des Comacho ( 1761 opera ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1869 ballet ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1898 opera ) </Li> <Li> Don Quichotte ( 1910 opera ) </Li> <Li> Man of La Mancha ( 1964 musical ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1923 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1933 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1947 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1955 -- 1969 , unfinished ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 1957 ) </Li> <Li> Dulcinea ( 1963 ) </Li> <Li> Don Chisciotte and Sancio Panza ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Man of La Mancha ( 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quijote cabalga de nuevo ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Donkey Xote ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Don Quixote ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Man Who Killed Don Quixote ( 2018 </Li> <Li> 2002 documentary ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> I , Don Quixote ( 1959 teleplay ) </Li> <Li> The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda </Li> <Li> Don Quixote </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of works influenced by Don Quixote </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocinante&oldid=836443640 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Don Quixote characters </Li> <Li> Fictional characters introduced in 1605 </Li> <Li> Fictional horses </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing Spanish - language text </Li> <Li> Pages using deprecated image syntax </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Brezhoneg </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Euskara </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Հայերեն </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> 7 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 14 April 2018 , at 21 : 17 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Don Quixote's horse is named

What is don quixote's horse's name?

-1706439311294242589

Fayetteville , North Carolina - wikipedia <H1> Fayetteville , North Carolina </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Fayetteville , North Carolina </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> City of Fayetteville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Iron Mike statue in front of the Airborne & Special Operations Museum , Downtown Fayetteville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Nickname ( s ) : All - America City , Fayettenam , 2 - 6 , The Ville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location in Cumberland County and the state of North Carolina . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coordinates : 35 ° 3 ′ 9 '' N 78 ° 52 ′ 41 '' W  /  35.05250 ° N 78.87806 ° W  / 35.05250 ; - 78.87806 Coordinates : 35 ° 3 ′ 9 '' N 78 ° 52 ′ 41 '' W  /  35.05250 ° N 78.87806 ° W  / 35.05250 ; - 78.87806 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Td> North Carolina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> County </Th> <Td> Cumberland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Settled </Th> <Td> 1762 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Council - Manager </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mayor </Th> <Td> Mitch Colvin ( D ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> City Manager </Th> <Td> Doug Hewett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Td> 147.7 sq mi ( 382.6 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Land </Th> <Td> 145.9 sq mi ( 377.8 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water </Th> <Td> 1.9 sq mi ( 4.8 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 263 ft ( 80 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population ( 2010 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Td> 200,564 US : 110th </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estimate ( 2016 ) </Th> <Td> 204,759 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metro </Th> <Td> 377,193 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> Eastern ( EST ) ( UTC - 5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Summer ( DST ) </Th> <Td> EDT ( UTC - 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ZIP code </Th> <Td> 28301 , 28302 , 28303 , 28304 , 28305 , 28306 , 28307 ( Fort Bragg ) , 28308 ( Pope AAF ) , 28309 , 28310 ( Fort Bragg ) , 28311 , 28312 , 28314 , 28387 , 28374 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area code ( s ) </Th> <Td> 910 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FIPS code </Th> <Td> 37 - 22920 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GNIS feature ID </Th> <Td> 1020226 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Official website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Fayetteville ( / ˈfeɪətˌvɪl / ) is a city in Cumberland County , North Carolina , United States . It is the county seat of Cumberland County , and is best known as the home of Fort Bragg , a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city . </P> <P> Fayetteville has received the All - America City Award from the National Civic League three times . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 200,564 , with an estimated population of 204,408 in 2013 . It is the 6th - largest city in North Carolina . Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region , on the Cape Fear River . </P> <P> With an estimated population in 2013 of 210,533 people , the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the largest in southeastern North Carolina , and the fifth - largest in the state . Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg , Hope Mills , Spring Lake , Raeford , Pope Field , Rockfish , Stedman , and Eastover . Fayetteville 's mayor is Mitch Colvin , who is serving his first term . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early settlement </Li> <Li> 1.2 American Revolution </Li> <Li> 1.3 Post-revolution </Li> <Li> 1.4 Antebellum </Li> <Li> 1.5 The Civil War era and late nineteenth century </Li> <Li> 1.6 20th century to the present </Li> <Li> 1.7 Fort Bragg and Pope Army Airfield </Li> <Li> 1.8 Sanctuary community for military families </Li> <Li> 1.9 National Register of Historic Places </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Geography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Topography </Li> <Li> 2.2 Climate </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Demographics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Religion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Economy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Top employers </Li> <Li> 4.2 Defense industry </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Arts and culture <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Clubs and organizations </Li> <Li> 5.2 Points of interest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Sports </Li> <Li> 7 Education <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Public schools <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 High schools ( grades 9 -- 12 ) </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Specialty schools </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7.2 Private schools </Li> <Li> 7.3 Colleges and universities </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Media <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Television stations </Li> <Li> 8.2 Radio stations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Infrastructure <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Air transportation </Li> <Li> 9.2 Highways </Li> <Li> 9.3 Public transportation </Li> <Li> 9.4 Passenger rail </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Notable people </Li> <Li> 11 Accolades </Li> <Li> 12 Sister city </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 Sources </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> See also : Timeline of Fayetteville , North Carolina <H3> Early settlement ( edit ) </H3> <P> The area of present - day Fayetteville was historically inhabited by various Siouan Native American peoples , such as the Eno , Shakori , Waccamaw , Keyauwee , and Cape Fear people . They followed successive cultures of other indigenous peoples in the area for more than 12,000 years . </P> <P> After the violent upheavals of the Yamasee War and Tuscarora Wars during the second decade of the 18th century , the North Carolina colony encouraged English settlement along the upper Cape Fear River , the only navigable waterway entirely within the colony . Two inland settlements , Cross Creek and Campbellton , were established by Scots from Campbeltown , Argyll and Bute , Scotland . </P> <P> Merchants in Wilmington wanted a town on the Cape Fear River to secure trade with the frontier country . They were afraid people would use the Pee Dee River and transport their goods to Charleston , South Carolina . The merchants bought land from Newberry in Cross Creek . Campbellton became a place where poor whites and free blacks lived , and gained a reputation for lawlessness . </P> <P> In 1783 , Cross Creek and Campbellton united , and the new town was incorporated as Fayetteville in honor of Gilbert du Motier , Marquis de Lafayette , a French military hero who significantly aided the American forces during the war . Fayetteville was the first city to be named in his honor in the United States . Lafayette visited the city on March 4 and 5 , 1825 , during his grand tour of the United States . </P> <H3> American Revolution ( edit ) </H3> Center tile of floor of the Market House which served as a town market until 1906 Liberty Point in Fayetteville , where the `` Liberty Point Resolves '' were signed in June 1775 The Cool Spring Tavern , built in 1788 , is the oldest structure in Fayetteville . Most earlier structures were destroyed by the `` great fire '' of 1831 . <P> The local region was heavily settled by Scots in the mid / late 1700s , and most of these were Gaelic - speaking Highlanders . The vast majority of Highland Scots , recent immigrants , remained loyal to the British government and rallied to the call to arms from the Royal Governor . Despite this , they were eventually defeated by a larger Revolutionary force at the Battle of Moore 's Creek Bridge . The area also included a number of active Revolutionaries . </P> <P> In late June 1775 , residents drew up the `` Liberty Point Resolves , '' which preceded the Declaration of Independence by a little more than a year . It said , </P> <P> `` This obligation to continue in full force until a reconciliation shall take place between Great Britain and America , upon constitutional principles , an event we most ardently desire ; and we will hold all those persons inimical to the liberty of the colonies , who shall refuse to subscribe to this Association ; and we will in all things follow the advice of our General Committee respecting the purposes aforesaid , the preservation of peace and good order , and the safety of individual and private property . '' </P> <P> Robert Rowan , who apparently organized the group , signed first . </P> <P> Robert Rowan ( circa 1738 -- 1798 ) was one of the area 's leading public figures of the 18th century . A merchant and entrepreneur , he settled in Cross Creek in the 1760s . He served as an officer in the French and Indian War , as sheriff , justice and legislator , and as a leader of the Patriot cause in the Revolutionary War . Rowan Street and Rowan Park in Fayetteville and a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution are named for him , though Rowan County ( founded in 1753 ) was named for his uncle , Matthew Rowan . </P> <P> Flora MacDonald ( 1722 -- 1790 ) , a Scots Highland woman known for aiding Bonnie Prince Charlie after his Highlander army 's defeat at Culloden in 1746 , lived in North Carolina for about five years . She was a staunch Loyalist and aided her husband to raise the local Scots to fight for the King against the Revolution . </P> <P> Seventy - First Township in western Cumberland County ( now a part of Fayetteville ) is named for a British regiment during the American Revolution -- the 71st Regiment of Foot or `` Fraser 's Highlanders '' , as they were first called . </P> <H3> Post-revolution ( edit ) </H3> Historic sign in Fayetteville <P> Fayetteville had what is sometimes called its `` golden decade '' during the 1780s . It was the site in 1789 for the state convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution , and for the General Assembly session that chartered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Fayetteville lost out to the future city of Raleigh in the bid to become the permanent state capital . </P> <P> In 1793 , the Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry formed and is still active as a ceremonial unit . It is the second - oldest militia unit in the country . </P> <P> Henry Evans ( circa 1760 -- 1810 ) , a free black preacher , is locally known as the `` Father of Methodism '' in the area . Evans was a shoemaker by trade and a licensed Methodist preacher . He met opposition from whites when he began preaching to slaves in Fayetteville , but he later attracted whites to his services . He is credited with building the first church in town , called the African Meeting House , in 1796 . Evans Metropolitan AME Zion Church is named in his honor . </P> <H3> Antebellum ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fayetteville had 3,500 residents in 1820 , but Cumberland County 's population still ranked as the second-most urban in the state behind New Hanover County ( Wilmington ) . Its `` Great Fire '' of 1831 was believed to be one of the worst in the nation 's history , although no lives were lost . Hundreds of homes and businesses and most of the best - known public buildings were lost , including the old `` State House '' . Fayetteville leaders moved quickly to help the victims and rebuild the town . </P> <P> The Market House , completed in 1832 , became the center of commerce and celebration . The structure was built on the ruins of

The population of Fayetteville, North Carolina was

What is the population of fayetteville north carolina?

2178109984531253647

Feed Jake - wikipedia <H1> Feed Jake </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Feed Jake '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Pirates of the Mississippi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Pirates of the Mississippi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 25 , 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single , cassette single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Danny `` Bear '' Mayo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rich Alves , James Stroud </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pirates of the Mississippi singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rollin ' Home '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` Feed Jake '' ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Speak of the Devil '' ( 1991 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rollin ' Home '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` Feed Jake '' ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Speak of the Devil '' ( 1991 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Feed Jake '' is a song written by Danny `` Bear '' Mayo , and recorded by the American country music band Pirates of the Mississippi . It was released in February 1991 as the third single from the band 's self - titled debut album . The song is also the band 's highest chart peak , having reached number 15 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 5 Other versions </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Feed Jake '' is a mid-tempo accompanied mainly by guitar and synthesized strings . In the chorus , the male narrator reminisces on his childhood friend , a dog named Jake ( `` If I die before I wake / Feed Jake ... '' ) . The narrator also addresses societal stereotypes toward homeless people and homosexuals , of whom the latter are addressed in the final verse . </P> <P> Guitarist Rich Alves said of the song that it `` means something different to everyone who hears it . '' </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> Robert Deaton and George J. Flanigen IV , both of whom lead the film and video production team of Deaton Flanigen , directed the song 's music video , which was one of the first of its kind in the country music industry to not feature the artist at all . Most of the music video was filmed southwest of Nashville , Tennessee on Tennessee State Route 100 as well as on Highway 70 in White Bluff , Tennessee . It tells the song 's story through two men , who are childhood friends , as shown in flashbacks . Later on , one of the men is attending the other 's funeral , and the surviving man goes to meet his dog , which he and the deceased friend adopted together , at the cemetery . Upon its release , the music video was believed by some members of the gay community to have a gay theme ; the two men were said to be lovers , one of whom dies from AIDS at the end . Kimberly Lansing , then the executive producer of Deaton - Flanigen Productions , said that the video was `` not meant one way or another '' regarding the back story or the one man 's death . Lansing also said that the video is about returning home and not fitting in anymore . Additionally , because of the Persian Gulf War , some people have also assumed that the man 's death is war - related . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the book The Encyclopedia of Country Music , Tom Roland wrote that the final verse , with its theme of tolerance towards homosexuals , showed a shift in political beliefs for the typically conservative country music audience . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Feed Jake '' debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 16 , 1991 . It spent 20 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts , peaking at number 15 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1991 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Other versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> A live recording appeared on the band 's 1995 album Paradise for Giant Records . This version was produced by David Malloy . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Pirates of the Mississippi ( Media notes ) . Pirates of the Mississippi . Capitol Records Nashville . 1990 . C2 - 94389 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Smith , Russell ( 4 July 1991 ) . `` '' Feed Jake '' video clip gives rise to questions `` . Dallas Morning News . Retrieved 21 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Asker , Jim ( 6 April 1991 ) . `` Pirate Power : After a rough start , it 's smooth sailing for band '' . The Free - Lance Star . Retrieved 21 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Inventive images on the increase '' . USA Today . 17 April 1991 . Retrieved 21 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kingsbury , Paul ; et al. ( 2004 ) . The Encyclopedia of Country Music . Sourcebooks , Inc. p. 417 . ISBN 0 - 19 - 517608 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 1544 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . June 15 , 1991 . Retrieved August 16 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pirates of the Mississippi Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paradise ( CD booklet ) . Pirates of the Mississippi . Giant Records . 1995 . 24603 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Pirates of the Mississippi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pirates of the Mississippi </Li> <Li> Walk the Plank </Li> <Li> A Street Man Named Desire </Li> <Li> Dream You </Li> <Li> Paradise </Li> <Li> Heaven and a Dixie Night </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Best of Pirates of the Mississippi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Honky Tonk Blues '' </Li> <Li> `` Feed Jake '' </Li> <Li> `` Speak of the Devil '' </Li> <Li> `` Til I 'm Holding You Again '' </Li> <Li> `` Too Much '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feed_Jake&oldid=789217712 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1991 singles </Li> <Li> Music videos directed by Deaton - Flanigen Productions </Li> <Li> Pirates of the Mississippi songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Danny Mayo </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by James Stroud </Li> <Li> Capitol Records Nashville singles </Li> <Li> LGBT - related songs </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by David Malloy </Li> <Li> 1991 songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Canadacountry </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardcountrysongs </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 July 2017 , at 02 : 13 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "If I Die Before I Wake, Feed Jake" is originally by

If i die before i wake feed jake original?

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</Table> <P> Pretty in Pink is a 1986 American romantic comedy film about love and social cliques in American high schools in the 1980s . A cult classic , it is commonly identified as a `` Brat Pack '' film . It was directed by Howard Deutch , produced by Lauren Shuler Donner , and written by John Hughes , who also served as co-executive producer . It was named after the song by The Psychedelic Furs . </P> <P> The film 's soundtrack has been rated as one of the best in modern cinema . It features a re-recorded version of the title song by The Psychedelic Furs . Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark 's `` If You Leave '' became an international hit and charted at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1986 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Alternate ending <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Novel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Legacy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Soundtrack <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Singles released </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> High school senior Andie Walsh lives modestly with her underemployed working class father , Jack in the suburbs of Chicago . Andie 's best friend , Phil `` Duckie '' Dale , is in love with her , but is afraid to tell her how he truly feels . In school , Duckie and Andie , along with their friends , are harassed and bullied by the arrogant `` richie '' kids , specifically Benny Hanson and her boyfriend Steff McKee , who is secretly interested in Andie . </P> <P> While working after school at TRAX , a new wave record store , Andie starts talking about her school 's senior prom to her manager Iona , who advises Andie to go , despite not having a date . Blane McDonough , one of the preppy boys and Steff 's best friend , starts talking to Andie and eventually asks her out . </P> <P> On the night of the date , Andie waits for Blane at TRAX , but he is late . Duckie comes in and asks Andie to go out with him , but she ignores him . Feeling like she got stood up , Iona gives Andie a pep talk , while Duckie , still oblivious , asks what 's wrong . When Blane arrives , Duckie is upset and starts an argument with Andie , with Duckie trying to convince her that Blane will only hurt her . Duckie storms off and Andie goes on with her date . Blane suggests going to a house party Steff is throwing , but Andie is treated poorly by everyone , including a drunk Steff and Benny . Andie , in turn , suggests going to the local club , where they discover Iona sitting with Duckie , who is hostile towards Blane . After another argument with Duckie , Andie and Blane walk out of the club . Andie , feeling that their night did n't go so well , tells Blane that she wants to go home , but when Blane offers to take her home , she refuses , admitting that she does n't want him to see where she lives . She eventually allows him to drop her off and he asks her to the prom , which she accepts and they share their first kiss . Andie visits Iona at her apartment the next day to talk about the date . Meanwhile , Blane , pressured by Steff , begins distancing himself from Andie . </P> <P> Jack comes home one night and surprises Andie with a pink dress he bought for her . Questioning how he was able to afford it , Andie tells him that she knows he has been lying about going to a full - time job . They have a big argument until Jack breaks down , revealing that he is still bitter and depressed about his wife having left him . At school , Andie confronts Blane for avoiding her and not returning her calls . When asked about prom , he claims that he had already asked somebody else but had forgotten . Andie starts calling Blane a liar and tells him that he is ashamed of being seen with her . Andie runs away as a teary - eyed Blane leaves , with Steff criticizing Andie . Duckie overhears Steff and attacks him in the hallway . The two fight before teachers intervene . Andie goes to Iona , crying and telling her about what happened , and then asks for Iona 's old prom dress . </P> <P> Using the fabric from Iona 's dress and the dress her father bought , Andie creates a new pink prom dress . When she arrives at the prom , Andie has second thoughts about braving the crowd on her own until she sees Duckie . They reconcile and walk into the ballroom hand in hand . As a drunk Steff begins mocking the couple , Blane confronts him and finally realizes that Steff resents Andie because she had turned down his advances . Blane then approaches the two , shaking Duckie 's hand and then apologizing to Andie , telling her that he always believed in her and that he will always love her , kissing her cheek before walking out . Duckie concedes that Blane is not like the other rich kids at school and advises Andie to go after him , joking that he 'll never take her to another prom if she does n't . Duckie then sees a girl smiling at him , signaling him to come over and dance with her . Andie catches up with Blane in the parking lot and they kiss passionately . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh </Li> <Li> Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh </Li> <Li> Jon Cryer as Philip F. `` Duckie '' Dale </Li> <Li> Annie Potts as Iona </Li> <Li> James Spader as Steff McKee </Li> <Li> Andrew McCarthy as Blane McDonough </Li> <Li> Kate Vernon as Benny Hanson </Li> <Li> Andrew Dice Clay as Bouncer </Li> <Li> Kristy Swanson as Duckette </Li> <Li> Alexa Kenin as Jena Hoeman </Li> <Li> Dweezil Zappa as Simon </Li> <Li> Gina Gershon as Trombley </Li> </Ul> <P> Charlie Sheen was originally considered for the role of Blane , but Ringwald convinced the filmmakers to cast McCarthy for the role instead . </P> <H2> Alternate ending ( edit ) </H2> <P> Originally , the film portrayed Andie and Duckie ending up together ; however , test audiences disapproved , and the Andie / Blane ending was produced instead . Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark had selected `` Goddess of Love '' from the album The Pacific Age for the original ending . With only two days before going on tour , OMD wrote `` If You Leave '' in less than 24 hours for the newly re-shot Andie / Blane ending . </P> <H3> Novel ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was adapted into a novel , written by H.B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfield and released in 1986 . It was published by Bantam Books ( ISBN 0 - 553 - 25944 - X . ISBN 978 - 0553259445 ) . The book was written before the last scene was changed , so it has the original ending , in which Andie winds up with Duckie instead of Blane . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film was the top - grossing film for the week of March 12 , 1986 . The film earned US $ 6.1 million during its opening weekend and $40.5 million during its theatrical run . It was the 22nd highest - grossing film in 1986 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , reports that 78 % of 46 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review ; the average rating is 6.3 / 10 . The site 's consensus reads : `` Molly Ringwald gives an outstanding performance in this sweet , intelligent teen comedy that takes an ancient premise and injects it with insight and wit . '' </P> <H3> Legacy ( edit ) </H3> <P> The main cast of Pretty in Pink was featured in the October 15 , 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly , whose theme was cast reunions for landmark films and television shows . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pretty in Pink </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by various artists </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 28 , 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Post-punk , new wave </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 39 : 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> A&M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> David Anderle ( soundtrack executive producer ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Singles from Pretty in Pink </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> `` If You Leave '' Released : April 21 , 1986 </Li> <Li> `` Left of Center '' Released : 1986 </Li> <Li> `` Shellshock '' Released : 17 March 1986 </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Like previous films by John Hughes , Pretty in Pink featured a soundtrack composed mostly of new wave music . While director Howard Deutch originally intended the film to primarily contain theme music , Hughes influenced Deutch 's decision to use post-punk music throughout the film . The title song by the Psychedelic Furs acted as a bit of inspiration for the film and was re-recorded specifically for the film 's opening sequence in a version that was less raw than the original ; it was released in 1981 for the album Talk Talk Talk . `` Left of Center '' was remixed by Arthur Baker . The first track , `` If You Leave '' , by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark , was written in 1985 in advance specifically for the film . In addition to their song `` Shellshock '' , New Order also had an instrumental version of `` Thieves Like Us '' and the instrumental `` Elegia '' appear in the film but not on the soundtrack . The Rave - Ups , who do appear in the film performing `` Positively Lost Me '' and `` Shut - Up '' from their Town and Country album , do not have any songs on the soundtrack album . Nik Kershaw 's `` Would n't It Be Good '' appears as re-recorded by former Three Dog Night vocalist Danny Hutton 's band , Danny Hutton Hitters . Also noteworthy is the inclusion of Echo & the Bunnymen 's `` Bring On the Dancing Horses '' , which , according to the liner notes of the CD release of the band 's compilation album Songs to Learn & Sing , was recorded specifically for the film . </P> <P> The film also includes Otis Redding 's `` Try a Little Tenderness '' , which actor Jon Cryer 's character `` Duckie '' lipsyncs to in the film , The Association 's `` Cherish '' , and Talk Back 's `` Rudy '' . These three tracks do not appear on the official soundtrack . </P> <P> The soundtrack was released on vinyl in 1986 . It was re-released in 2013 as a limited edition pink colored vinyl . </P> <P> The album was listed among `` Best Movie Soundtracks : The 15 Film Music Compilations That 'll Change Your Life '' in The Huffington Post , and `` The 25 Greatest Soundtracks of All Time '' in Rolling Stone . Allmusic rated it four stars out of five . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Performer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr>

The dad in Pretty in Pink is played by

Who plays the dad in pretty in pink?

5900080311660440587

Bromophenol blue - wikipedia <H1> Bromophenol blue </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Bromophenol blue <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Names </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> IUPAC name 4 , 4 ′ - ( 1 , 1 - dioxido - 3H - 2 , 1 - benzoxathiole - 3 , 3 - diyl ) bis ( 2 , 6 - dibromophenol ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CAS Number </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 115 - 39 - 9 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3D model ( JSmol ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Interactive image </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChEBI </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CHEBI : 59424 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChEMBL </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ChEMBL2103765 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ChemSpider </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7973 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ECHA InfoCard </Td> <Td> 100.003. 715 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PubChem CID </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 8272 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> InChI ( show ) <Ul> <Li> InChI = 1S / C19H10Br4O5S / c20 - 12 - 5 - 9 ( 6 - 13 ( 21 ) 17 ( 12 ) 24 ) 19 ( 10 - 7 - 14 ( 22 ) 18 ( 25 ) 15 ( 23 ) 8 - 10 ) 11 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 16 ( 11 ) 29 ( 26 , 27 ) 28 - 19 / h1 - 8 , 24 - 25H Key : UDSAIICHUKSCKT - UHFFFAOYSA - N </Li> <Li> InChI = 1 / C19H10Br4O5S / c20 - 12 - 5 - 9 ( 6 - 13 ( 21 ) 17 ( 12 ) 24 ) 19 ( 10 - 7 - 14 ( 22 ) 18 ( 25 ) 15 ( 23 ) 8 - 10 ) 11 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 16 ( 11 ) 29 ( 26 , 27 ) 28 - 19 / h1 - 8 , 24 - 25H Key : UDSAIICHUKSCKT - UHFFFAOYAE </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> SMILES ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Brc1cc ( cc ( Br ) c1O ) C3 ( OS ( = O ) ( = O ) c2ccccc23 ) c4cc ( Br ) c ( O ) c ( Br ) c4 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Properties </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chemical formula </Td> <Td> C H Br O S </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Molar mass </Td> <Td> 669.96 g mol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Odor </Td> <Td> odorless </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Density </Td> <Td> 2.2 g / mL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Melting point </Td> <Td> 273 ° C ( 523 ° F ; 546 K ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boiling point </Td> <Td> 279 ° C ( 534 ° F ; 552 K ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Except where otherwise noted , data are given for materials in their standard state ( at 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) , 100 kPa ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> N verify ( what is ? ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Infobox references </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bromophenol blue ( 3 ′ , 3 '' , 5 ′ , 5 '' - tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein , BPB , albutest ) is used as a pH indicator , a color marker , and a dye . It can be prepared by slowly adding excess bromine to a hot solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in glacial acetic acid . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Acid -- base indicator </Li> <Li> 2 Color marker </Li> <Li> 3 Dye </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Acid -- base indicator ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Bromophenol blue ( pH indicator ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> below pH 3.0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> above pH 4.6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3.0 </Td> <Td> ⇌ </Td> <Td> 4.6 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As an acid -- base indicator , its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6 . It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6 ; this reaction is reversible . Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein ( a popular indicator ) . </P> <H2> Color marker ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bromophenol blue is also used as a color marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . Since bromophenol blue carries a slight negative charge at moderate pH , it will migrate in the same direction as DNA or protein in a gel ; the rate at which it migrates varies according to gel density and buffer composition , but in a typical 1 % agarose gel in a 1X TAE buffer or TBE buffer , bromophenol blue migrates at the same rate as a DNA fragment of about 300 base pairs , in 2 % agarose as 150 bp . Xylene cyanol and orange G may also be used for this purpose . </P> <H2> Dye ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bromophenol blue is also used as a dye . At neutral pH , the dye absorbs red light most strongly and transmits blue light . Solutions of the dye , therefore , are blue . At low pH , the dye absorbs ultraviolet and blue light most strongly and appears yellow in solution . In solution at pH 3.6 ( in the middle of the transition range of this pH indicator ) obtained by dissolution in water without any pH adjustment , bromophenol blue has a characteristic green red color , where the apparent color shifts depending on the concentration and / or path length through which the solution is observed . This phenomenon is called dichromatic color . Bromophenol blue is the substance with the highest known value of Kreft 's dichromaticity index . This means it has the largest change in color hue , when the thickness or concentration of observed sample increases or decreases . </P> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bromophenol blue at OpenWetWare </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Santa Cruz Biotechnology , Inc . Bromophenol Blue ( CAS 115 - 39 - 9 ) Properties . https://www.scbt.com/scbt/product/bromophenol-blue-115-39-9 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Reaxys . Bromophenol blue ( 115 - 39 - 9 ) Chemical Names and Synonyms . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ PubChem Compound . Bromphenol Blue - Compound Summary . https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8272&loc=ec_rcs </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ PubChem Compound . Bromphenol Blue - Use and Manufacturing . https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8272&loc=ec_rcs </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Graphics/COfAInfo/SigmaSAPQM/SPEC/B0/B0126/B0126-BULK________SIAL_____.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Agarose gel electrophoresis ( basic method ) '' . Retrieved 2008 - 04 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kreft S , Kreft M ( 2007 ) . `` Physicochemical and physiological basis of dichromatic colour '' . Naturwissenschaften. 94 ( 11 ) : 935 -- 9 . Bibcode : 2007NW ... 94 ... 935K . doi : 10.1007 / s00114 - 007 - 0272 - 9 . PMID 17534588 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kreft S , Kreft M. ( 2009 ) . `` Quantification of dichromatism : a characteristic of color in transparent materials '' . Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 26 ( 7 ) : 1576 -- 1581 . Bibcode : 2009JOSAA ... 26.1576 K . doi : 10.1364 / JOSAA. 26.001576 . PMID 19568292 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bromophenol_blue&oldid=825670207 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> PH indicators </Li> <Li> Triarylmethane dyes </Li> <Li> Phenol dyes </Li> <Li> Bromoarenes </Li> <Li> Benzoxathioles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles without KEGG source </Li> <Li> Articles without UNII source </Li> <Li> Articles with changed EBI identifier </Li> <Li> ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata </Li> <Li> Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 7 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 14 February 2018 , at 18 : 29 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The purpose of the bromophenol blue dye in the samples is to serve as

What is the purpose of the bromophenol blue dye in the samples?

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$40 million budget . This movie marks the third collaboration between Jason Segel and Paul Rudd , who had worked together on Knocked Up and Forgetting Sarah Marshall previously . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.2 Anwar Sadat </Li> <Li> 3.3 Rush </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4.2 Box office </Li> <Li> 4.3 Home media </Li> <Li> 4.4 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Peter Klaven ( Paul Rudd ) , a Los Angeles real estate agent , proposes to his girlfriend Zooey Rice ( Rashida Jones ) , and she accepts . Peter seems to not have any close friends to share the good news with , only family and mainly female acquaintances . After overhearing Zooey 's friends voicing their concerns over his lack of close male friends , Peter decides that he needs to find male friends in order to have a best man for the upcoming wedding . </P> <P> Peter turns to his gay younger brother , Robbie ( Andy Samberg ) , for advice on dealing with men . He makes a series of overtures toward various men , including Barry ( Jon Favreau ) , the persistently hot - headed husband of Zooey 's friend Denise ( Jaime Pressly ) who does n't really like Peter all that much to begin with ... a problem that only escalates when Peter inadvertently projectile - vomits on Barry after winning a beer - drinking contest and is kicked out of Barry 's house . </P> <P> Feeling rejected , Peter is about to give up , when during an open house at Lou Ferrigno 's mansion which Peter is trying to sell , he meets Sydney Fife ( Jason Segel ) , an investor who is attending the showing simply to pick up divorced women and take advantage of the free food . The two quickly become friends , especially bonding over their mutual adoration of the progressive rock band Rush . Peter introduces Sydney to Zooey at their engagement party , but the meeting takes an unfortunate turn when a nervous Sydney makes a very awkward toast . </P> <P> The next night , Peter agrees to attend a Rush concert with Sydney , on the condition that he can bring Zooey . During the concert , Zooey is left feeling ignored by Peter and Sydney . The next day , while shopping for tuxedos , Sydney asks Peter why he is marrying Zooey , and also asks for an $8,000 loan . After some thought , Peter decides to lend Sydney the money , and later grants him the honor of being best man at his wedding . Zooey , meanwhile , has become suspicious of Sydney . Peter tells Zooey that he lent Sydney money and asks her if she knows why they are getting married , since he had no answer to Sydney 's question . Hurt and angry , Zooey leaves . </P> <P> Peter leaves for work the next morning only to discover that Sydney has used the $8,000 loan to purchase several ridiculous billboard advertisements promoting Peter 's real estate business ( using pictures of Peter he took of him on his iPhone ) . Still upset over his fight with Zooey , Peter confronts Sydney and decides to end their friendship . Peter then patches things up with Zooey , explaining to her that while he is nervous , he is ready to get married . While Zooey and Peter prepare for the wedding , Sydney finds himself alone and desperate to hang with someone . </P> <P> At work , Peter discovers that Sydney 's billboard advertising campaign was successful . Feeling encouraged , Peter finally stands up to his insufferable colleague , Tevin Downey ( Rob Huebel ) , who had been badgering Peter for half the selling rights to the lucrative Ferrigno property . When Tevin makes one final attempt to get a piece of the Ferrigno listing , Peter slaps him across his face and tells him to stay away from it . </P> <P> Peter feels bad about fighting with Sydney but does not re-invite him to the wedding . Instead , he assembles an array of random groomsmen that includes Robbie , father Oswald ( J.K. Simmons ) , and Ferrigno . Before the wedding , Zooey sees Peter looking forlorn , clearly missing his friend Sydney . She calls and invites Sydney , who is , unbeknownst to them , already en route to the wedding . Just before the vows are to be taken , Sydney makes a dramatic entrance via moped . He informs Peter and Zooey that he is , in fact , a successful investor and returns the money he borrowed from Peter , stating that the billboards were the couple 's wedding present . Peter and Zooey declare their love to each other , Sydney assumes the role of best man , and the wedding commences . </P> <P> As the end credits begin to roll , we see the wedding reception , where Peter and Sydney join the hired band ( played by OK Go ) in a rendition of the Rush song `` Limelight '' pulling Zooey on stage to join them . After the song ends , Sydney attempts to toast the newlyweds and Peter runs to frantically stop him as the screen cuts out ( still remembering Sydney 's ill - advised toast at the engagement dinner . ) </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Jon Favreau , Jaime Pressly , Jason Segel , John Hamburg , Larry Levin , Rashida Jones , and Paul Rudd at the premiere in Austin , Texas in March 2009 . <Ul> <Li> Paul Rudd as Peter Klaven </Li> <Li> Jason Segel as Sydney Fife </Li> <Li> Rashida Jones as Zooey Rice </Li> <Li> Andy Samberg as Robbie Klaven </Li> <Li> Josh Cooke as Alan , Robbie 's boyfriend </Li> <Li> J.K. Simmons as Oswald Klaven </Li> <Li> Jane Curtin as Joyce Klaven </Li> <Li> Jaime Pressly as Denise McLean </Li> <Li> Jon Favreau as Barry McLean </Li> <Li> Sarah Burns as Hailey </Li> <Li> Lou Ferrigno as Himself </Li> <Li> Rob Huebel as Tevin Downey </Li> <Li> Aziz Ansari as Eugene </Li> <Li> Nick Kroll as Larry </Li> <Li> Mather Zickel as Gil </Li> <Li> Thomas Lennon as Doug Evans </Li> <Li> Murray Gershenz as Mel </Li> <Li> Joe Lo Truglio as Lonnie </Li> <Li> Jay Chandrasekhar as Barry 's friend </Li> <Li> David Krumholtz as Sydney 's friend </Li> <Li> Carla Gallo as Zooey 's friend </Li> <Li> Larry Wilmore as Minister </Li> <Li> Rush ( Geddy Lee , Alex Lifeson , and Neil Peart ) as themselves </Li> <Li> OK Go as The Wedding Band `` Tastes Like Chicken '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` I really wrote my own version of the script , so my version was always going to be R - rated . I wanted to discuss sex , I wanted to discuss - there were blowjobs in the movie , there was Sydney Fife 's character who 's no way he could live in a PG - 13 universe . It was n't like trying to be raunchy or gratuitous , it was just like , I think most people live in an R - rated world . '' '' -- John Hamburg , Director / Co-Writer / Producer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The script , Let 's Be Friends , was originally written by Larry Levin . It was purchased but went unused for about 11 years before the film was made . Hamburg was offered the script and kept turning it down , but after his friends moved to Los Angeles he was inspired by the experience of trying to meet more friends to give it a shot . When Hamburg finally took the script he rewrote it to make it as real as possible . The film was originally announced in December 2007 , with production originally scheduled for March 2008 . In March 2008 , Variety revealed that producer Ivan Reitman 's Montecito Pictures officially began production on I Love You , Man during the week of March 31 , 2008 . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> I Love You , Man is the third collaboration between Paul Rudd and Jason Segel , following the Judd Apatow projects Knocked Up and Forgetting Sarah Marshall , while writer / director John Hamburg previously worked with Segel on Apatow 's Undeclared television series . It only took one lunch to get Segel and Rudd to sign on to do the film and this set the stage for other actors to sign on . On February 13 , 2008 it was announced that Rashida Jones would be in the female lead opposite Rudd . Later , in an interview with FirstShowing.net , Jones revealed that because Segel and Rudd were already attached to the project she `` knew immediately that it was gon na be even funnier than I would think . '' At the beginning of the March 31 , 2008 week , The Hollywood Reporter announced that Jaime Pressly had joined the film 's cast , playing the best friend of Rashida Jones ' character . Hamburg comically stated that he was lucky in casting J.K. Simmons because his contract states `` he has to be in one out of every four movies made . '' Jon Favreau started working on the film the same week Iron Man came out , a film which he directed . He said he `` probably would n't have agreed to have done it had I known my life was going to be that shape '' , but Iron Man star Robert Downey , Jr. told him that `` It is the best thing you could do '' -- he said ' chop wood , carry water , ' which is what they do in the Kung Fu movies to keep you humble . '' </P> <H3> Anwar Sadat ( edit ) </H3> <P> One of late President of Egypt Anwar Sadat 's daughters filed a lawsuit against the filmmakers because , in the film , Sydney 's dog is named after her father . He tells Peter that he thinks `` they look exactly alike . '' Samir Sabri , the lawyer in the case , asked the US embassy to apologize . Complaints have been raised by Egyptian bloggers as well . In the Arab world , `` dog '' is often used as an insult , and , in the more specific context of Islam , dogs have historically been seen as unclean . </P> <H3> Rush ( edit ) </H3> <P> Rush were approached by Hamburg , a fan of the band , to appear in the film . The filming schedule was tight because there was a one - day window between two of their concerts on tour . The band later said that they enjoyed the experience . Hamburg felt that `` once Rush got that I was n't poking fun at them , that I 'm genuinely a fan and the main characters of the movie are fans and it 's kind of a loving tribute to them , I think that 's when they came on board . '' Subsequently , both Rudd and Segel appeared in character as Peter and Sydney alongside the members of Rush in a short video played at the end of concerts during the band 's 2010 - 11 Time Machine Tour . In August 2013 , Rudd reprised his character at the final show of Rush 's Clockwork Angels Tour , conducting the Clockwork Angels Orchestra ( a string section which accompanied the band ) during the song `` YYZ . '' In 2015 , on Rush 's R40 Live

In the movie "I Love You Man", the role of Zoey is played by

Who plays zoey in i love you man?

-8384749502417019982

Mercy Mercy Me ( the Ecology ) - wikipedia <H1> Mercy Mercy Me ( the Ecology ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Marvin Gaye </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album What 's Going On </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Sad Tomorrows '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 10 , 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Vinyl record ( 7 `` , 45 RPM ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> Hitsville USA ( Studio A ) ; March 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 : 14 ( LP version ) </Li> <Li> 2 : 39 ( 7 '' version ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Tamla </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Marvin Gaye </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Marvin Gaye </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Marvin Gaye singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` What 's Going On '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wanna Holler ) '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` What 's Going On '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' ( 1971 ) </Td> <Td> `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wanna Holler ) '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> What 's Going On track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` God is Love '' ( 5 ) </Td> <Td> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' ( 6 ) </Td> <Td> `` Right On '' ( 7 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' was the second single from Marvin Gaye 's 1971 album , What 's Going On . Following the breakthrough of the title track 's success , the song , written solely by Gaye , became regarded as one of popular music 's most poignant anthems of sorrow regarding the environment . Led by Gaye playing piano , strings conducted by Paul Riser and David Van De Pitte , multi-tracking vocals from Gaye and The Andantes , multiple background instruments provided by The Funk Brothers and a leading sax solo by Wild Bill Moore , the song rose to number 4 on Billboard 's Pop Singles chart and number one for two weeks on the R&B Singles charts on August 14 through to August 27 , 1971 . The distinctive percussive sound heard on the track was a wood block struck by a rubber mallet , drenched in studio reverb . The song also brought Gaye one of his rare appearances on the Adult Contemporary chart , where it peaked at number 34 . In Canada , `` Mercy Mercy Me '' spent two weeks at number 9 . </P> <P> In 1991 , a music video of the song was released by Motown Records , featuring appearances by celebrities such as Smokey Robinson , Johnny Gill , Big Daddy Kane , Holly Robinson Peete , Ralph Tresvant , Bobby Brown , Rosie Perez , Bell Biv Devoe , Wesley Snipes , Tyler Collins ( singer ) , Malcolm Jamal Warner , Diana Ross , Stevie Wonder , David Bowie , Stephanie Mills , Debbie Harry and Vanessa L. Williams . </P> <P> As the single became his second million - seller from What 's Going On , the album started on the soul album charts in the top five and began charging up the pop rankings . `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' soon became one of Gaye 's most famous songs in his extensive catalogue . In 2002 it was his third single recording to win a `` Grammy Hall of Fame '' Award . As on `` Inner City Blues '' , Bob Babbitt , not James Jamerson , plays the bass line . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 B - side </Li> <Li> 2 Personnel </Li> <Li> 3 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> B - side ( edit ) </H2> <P> The B - side , `` Sad Tomorrows '' , was the early version of `` Flying High '' . This song featured on the 40th - anniversary edition of the album . Lyrically , the songs are both the same except `` Sad Tomorrows '' is a quick two - minute snippet. * </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Marvin Gaye -- lead and background vocals , piano , mellotron </Li> <Li> The Andantes -- additional background ( harmony ) vocals </Li> <Li> William `` Wild Bill '' Moore -- tenor saxophone solo </Li> <Li> David Van DePitte -- string conduction </Li> <Li> The Funk Brothers -- other instrumentation </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1991 , Robert Palmer combined the song in a medley with Gaye 's 1976 hit `` I Want You '' . Palmer 's single reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart in early 1991 . It also hit number 9 on the UK chart . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 -- 2004 . Record Research . p. 226 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Percussive Sound of ' Mercy Mercy Me ' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ RPM Top Singles , August 14 , 1971 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Hot Pants ( Pt. 1 ) '' by James Brown </Td> <Td> Billboard 's Hot Soul number one single August 14 -- 21 , 1971 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Spanish Harlem '' by Aretha Franklin </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Marvin Gaye </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye ( 1961 ) </Li> <Li> That Stubborn Kinda Fellow ( 1962 ) </Li> <Li> When I 'm Alone I Cry ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> Hello Broadway ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> How Sweet It Is to Be Loved by You ( 1965 ) </Li> <Li> A Tribute to the Great Nat `` King '' Cole ( 1965 ) </Li> <Li> Moods of Marvin Gaye ( 1966 ) </Li> <Li> In the Groove / I Heard It Through the Grapevine ! ( 1968 ) </Li> <Li> M.P.G. ( 1969 ) </Li> <Li> That 's the Way Love Is ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> What 's Going On ( 1971 ) </Li> <Li> Trouble Man ( 1972 ) </Li> <Li> Let 's Get It On ( 1973 ) </Li> <Li> I Want You ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Here , My Dear ( 1978 ) </Li> <Li> In Our Lifetime ( 1981 ) </Li> <Li> Midnight Love ( 1982 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Posthumous albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dream of a Lifetime ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> Romantically Yours ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Vulnerable ( 1997 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duet albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Together ( with Mary Wells , 1964 ) </Li> <Li> Take Two ( with Kim Weston , 1966 ) </Li> <Li> United ( with Tammi Terrell , 1967 ) </Li> <Li> You 're All I Need ( with Tammi Terrell , 1968 ) </Li> <Li> Easy ( with Tammi Terrell , 1969 ) </Li> <Li> Diana & Marvin ( with Diana Ross , 1973 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits , Vol. 2 ( 1967 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye and His Girls ( 1969 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell 's Greatest Hits ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> Super Hits ( 1970 ) </Li> <Li> Anthology ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye 's Greatest Hits ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> Motown Remembers Marvin Gaye : Never Before Released Masters ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> The Marvin Gaye Collection ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> The Norman Whitfield Sessions ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Love Starved Heart : Rare and Unreleased ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> The Very Best of Marvin Gaye ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> The Master ( 1961 -- 1984 ) ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye : The Love Songs ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> The Complete Duets ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> The Very Best of Marvin Gaye ( 2001 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage ( 1963 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye Live ! ( 1974 ) </Li> <Li> Live at the London Palladium ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Marvin Gaye at the Copa ( 2005 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits Live ( Live in Holland 1976 ) ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Live In Montreux 1980 ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> The Real Thing : In Performance ( 1964 -- 1981 ) ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Live In Belgium 1981 ( 2006 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US / UK Top Ten singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Pride and Joy '' </Li> <Li> `` How Sweet It Is ( To Be Loved by You ) '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Be Doggone '' </Li> <Li> `` Ai n't That Peculiar '' </Li> <Li> `` Your Precious Love '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Could Build My Whole World Around You '' </Li> <Li> `` Ai n't Nothing Like the Real Thing '' </Li> <Li> `` You 're All I Need to Get By '' </Li> <Li> `` I Heard It Through the Grapevine '' </Li> <Li> `` Too Busy Thinking About My Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` That 's the Way Love Is '' </Li> <Li> `` Abraham , Martin and John '' </Li> <Li> `` The Onion Song '' </Li> <Li> `` What 's Going On '' </Li> <Li> `` Mercy Mercy Me ( The Ecology ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wanna Holler ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Trouble Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Let 's Get It On '' </Li> <Li> `` You Are Everything '' </Li> <Li> `` Got to Give It Up '' </Li> <Li> `` Sexual Healing '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Marvin Gay Sr. ( father ) </Li> <Li> Alberta Gay ( mother ) </Li> <Li> Anna Gordy Gaye ( first wife ) </Li> <Li> Denise Gordy ( son 's birth mother ) </Li> <Li> Nona Gaye ( daughter ) </Li> <Li> Frankie Gaye ( brother ) </Li> <Li> Gordon Banks ( brother - in - law ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Songs </Li> <Li> Albums </Li> <Li> Songs by Marvin Gaye </Li> <Li> Albums produced by Marvin Gaye </Li> <Li> Songs in memory </Li> <Li> Songs produced by Marvin Gaye </Li> <Li> Personal life </Li> <Li> Death </Li> <Li> Tributes </Li> <Li> The Marquees </Li> <Li> Harvey Fuqua </Li> <Li> Tammi Terrell </Li> <Li> Leon Ware </Li> <Li> Marvin 's Room </Li> <Li> Marvin Is 60 : A Tribute Album </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> Category </Li> <Li> Portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

The song "Mercy Mercy Me" by Marvin Gaye is about

What is mercy mercy me by marvin gaye about?

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Alamo mission in San Antonio - wikipedia <H1> Alamo mission in San Antonio </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> The Alamo <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The chapel of the Alamo Mission is known as the `` Shrine of Texas Liberty '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of The Alamo in Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> 300 Alamo Plaza San Antonio , Texas USA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 29 ° 25 ′ 33 '' N 98 ° 29 ′ 10 '' W  /  29.42583 ° N 98.48611 ° W  / 29.42583 ; - 98.48611 Coordinates : 29 ° 25 ′ 33 '' N 98 ° 29 ′ 10 '' W  /  29.42583 ° N 98.48611 ° W  / 29.42583 ; - 98.48611 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Name as founded </Th> <Td> Misión San Antonio de Valero </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Patron </Th> <Td> Anthony of Padua </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founding priest ( s ) </Th> <Td> Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivare </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 5 acres ( 2.0 ha ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Built </Th> <Td> 1718 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Native tribe ( s ) Spanish name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Coahuiltecans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Governing body </Th> <Td> Texas General Land Office </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> UNESCO World Heritage Site </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Cultural </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criteria </Th> <Td> ii </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> 2015 ( 39th session ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Part of </Th> <Td> San Antonio Missions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 1466 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State Party </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> Europe and North America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> U.S. National Register of Historic Places </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> October 15 , 1966 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 66000808 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> U.S. National Historic Landmark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> December 19 , 1960 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> U.S. Historic district Contributing property </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> July 13 , 1977 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Part of </Th> <Td> Alamo Plaza Historic District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 77001425 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Texas State Antiquities Landmark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designated </Th> <Td> June 28 , 1983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reference no . </Th> <Td> 8200001755 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Alamo Mission in San Antonio is commonly called The Alamo and was originally known as Misión San Antonio de Valero . It was founded in the 18th century as a Roman Catholic mission and fortress compound , and today is part of the San Antonio Missions World Heritage Site in San Antonio , Texas , United States . It was the site of the Battle of the Alamo in 1836 , and is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District . </P> <P> The compound was one of the early Spanish missions in Texas , built for the education of area American Indians after their conversion to Christianity . The mission was secularized in 1793 and then abandoned . Ten years later , it became a fortress housing the Second Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras military unit , who likely gave the mission the name Alamo . During the Texas Revolution , Mexican General Martin Perfecto de Cos surrendered the fort to the Texian Army in December 1835 , following the Siege of Béxar . A relatively small number of Texian soldiers then occupied the compound for several months . They were wiped out at the Battle of the Alamo on March 6 , 1836 . When the Mexican army retreated from Texas several months later , they tore down many of the Alamo walls and burned some of the buildings . </P> <P> For the next five years , the Alamo was periodically used to garrison soldiers , both Texian and Mexican , but was ultimately abandoned . In 1849 , several years after Texas was annexed to the United States , the U.S. Army began renting the facility for use as a quartermaster 's depot . The U.S. Army abandoned the mission in 1876 after nearby Fort Sam Houston was established . The Alamo chapel was sold to the state of Texas , which conducted occasional tours but made no effort to restore it . The remaining buildings were sold to a mercantile company which operated them as a wholesale grocery store . </P> <P> The Daughters of the Republic of Texas ( DRT ) formed in 1895 and began trying to preserve the Alamo . Adina Emilia De Zavala and Clara Driscoll successfully convinced the state legislature in 1905 to purchase the remaining buildings and to name the DRT as the permanent custodian of the site . Over the next century , periodic attempts were made to transfer control of the Alamo from the DRT . In early 2015 , Texas Land Commissioner George P. Bush officially removed control of the Alamo to the Texas General Land Office . </P> <P> The Alamo and the four missions in the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites on July 5 , 2015 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Mission </Li> <Li> 1.2 Military <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 Battle of the Alamo </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 Further military use </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 Mercantile </Li> <Li> 1.4 Ownership transfer </Li> <Li> 1.5 Restoration </Li> <Li> 1.6 Ownership dispute </Li> <Li> 1.7 Modern use </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 Gallery </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Sources </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Mission ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1716 , the Spanish government established several Roman Catholic missions in East Texas . The isolation of the missions -- the nearest Spanish settlement , San Juan Bautista , Coahuila was over 400 miles ( 644 km ) away -- made it difficult to keep them adequately provisioned . To assist the missionaries , the new governor of Spanish Texas , Martín de Alarcón , wished to establish a way station between the settlements along the Rio Grande and the new missions in East Texas . In April 1718 , Alarcón led an expedition to found a new community in Texas . On May 1 , the group erected a temporary mud , brush , and straw structure near the headwaters of the San Antonio River . This building would serve as a new mission , San Antonio de Valero , named after Saint Anthony of Padua and the viceroy of New Spain , Baltasar de Zúñiga y Guzmán Sotomayor y Sarmiento , Marquess of Valero . The mission , headed by Father Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares , was located near a community of Coahuiltecans and was initially populated by three to five Indian converts from Mission San Francisco Solano near San Juan Bautista . One mile ( two km ) north of the mission , Alarcón built a presidio ( fort ) , the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar . Close by , he founded the first civilian community in Texas , San Antonio de Bexar ( now San Antonio , Texas ) . </P> <P> Within a year , the mission moved to the western bank of the river , where it was less likely to flood . Over the next several years , a chain of missions were established nearby . In 1724 , after remants of a Gulf Coast hurricane destroyed the existing structures at Mission San Antonio de Valero , the mission was moved to its current location . At the time , the new location was just across the San Antonio River from the town of San Antonio de Bexar , and just north of a group of huts known as La Villita . </P> <P> Over the next several decades , the mission complex expanded to cover 3 acres ( 1.2 ha ) . The first permanent building was likely the two - story , L - shaped stone residence for the priests . The building served as parts of the west and south edges of an inner courtyard . A series of adobe barracks buildings were constructed to house the mission Indians and a textile workshop was erected . By 1744 , over 300 Indian converts resided at San Antonio de Valero . The mission was largely self - sufficient , relying on its 2000 head of cattle and 1300 sheep for food and clothing . Each year , the mission 's farmland produced up to 2000 bushels of corn and 100 bushels of bean ; cotton was also grown . </P> <P> The first stones were laid for a more permanent church building in 1744 , however , the church , its tower and the sacristy collapsed in the late 1750s . Reconstruction began in 1758 , with the new chapel located at the south end of the inner courtyard . Constructed of 4 feet ( 1.2 m ) thick limestone blocks , it was intended to be three stories high , topped by a dome , with bell towers on either side . Its shape was a traditional cross , with a long nave and short transepts . Although the first two levels were completed , the bell towers and third story were never begun . While four stone arches were erected to support the planned dome , the dome itself was never built . As the church was never completed , it is unlikely that it was ever used for religious services . </P> <P> The chapel was intended to be highly decorated . Niches were carved on either side of the door to hold statues . The lower - level niches displayed Saint Francis and Saint Dominic , while the second - level niches contained statues of Saint Clare and Saint Margaret of Cortona . Carvings were also completed around the chapel 's door . </P> This is one of the first drawings depicting Mission San Antonio de Valero . It was created in 1838 by Mary Maverick and clearly shows statues within the niches . <P> Up to 30 adobe or mud buildings were constructed to serve as workrooms , storerooms , and homes for the Indian residents . As the nearby presidio was perpetually understaffed , the mission was built to withstand attacks by Apache and Comanche raiders . In 1745 , 100 mission Indians successfully drove off a band of 300 Apaches which had surrounded the presidio . Their actions saved the presidio , the mission , and likely the town from destruction . Walls were erected around the Indian homes in 1758 , likely in response to a massacre at the San Saba mission . The convent and church were not fully enclosed within the 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) walls . The walls were built 2 feet ( 0.61 m ) thick and enclosed an area 480 feet ( 150 m ) long ( north - south ) and 160 feet ( 49 m ) wide ( east - west ) . For additional protection , a turret housing three cannon was added near the main gate in 1762 . By 1793 an additional one - pounder cannon had been placed on a rampart near the convent . </P> <P> The population of Indians fluctuated , from a high of 328 in 1756 to a low of 44 in 1777 . The new commandant general of the interior provinces , Teodoro de Croix , thought the missions were a liability and began taking actions

The Mission San Antonio de Valero was built in

When was the mission san antonio de valero built?

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Battle of Ypres - wikipedia <H1> Battle of Ypres </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> The Battle of Ypres was a series of engagements during the First World War , near the Belgian city of Ypres , between the German and the Allied armies ( Belgian , French , British Expeditionary Force and Canadian Expeditionary Force ) . There were hundreds of thousands of casualties during the five engagements : </P> <Ul> <Li> First Battle of Ypres ( 19 October -- 22 November 1914 ) . During the Race to the Sea . More than 100,000 casualties . </Li> <Li> Second Battle of Ypres ( 22 April -- 15 May 1915 ) . First mass use of poison gas by the German army ; included first victories of a former colonial nation ( Canada ) over a European power ( Germany ) on European soil . Around 100,000 casualties . </Li> <Li> Battle of Passchendaele ( 31 July -- 10 November 1917 ) also known as the Third Battle of Ypres. 400,000 to 800,000 casualties . </Li> <Li> Battle of the Lys ( 1918 ) ( 9 -- 29 April 1918 ) also known as the Battle of Estaires or the Fourth Battle of Ypres . Around 200,000 casualties . </Li> <Li> Fifth Battle of Ypres ( 28 September -- 2 October 1918 ) an informal name given to a series of battles in northern France and southern Belgium , also known as Advance of Flanders and Battle of the Peaks of Flanders . Around 10,000 Allied casualties ; German casualties unknown . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of related items that share the same name ( or similar names ) . If an internal link incorrectly led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ypres&oldid=829619581 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Set indices </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 </Li> <Li> All set index articles </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from March 2017 </Li> <Li> Former disambiguation pages converted to set index articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> Hrvatski </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Norsk nynorsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Slovenčina </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> West - Vlams </Li> 12 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 9 March 2018 , at 19 : 12 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The First Battle of Ypres ended on

When did the first battle of ypres end?

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Prisoners ( Temporary Discharge for Ill Health ) Act 1913 - wikipedia <H1> Prisoners ( Temporary Discharge for Ill Health ) Act 1913 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search WSPU poster 1914 - Museum of London <P> The Prisoners ( Temporary Discharge for Ill Health ) Act , commonly referred to as the Cat and Mouse Act , was an Act of Parliament passed in Britain under Herbert Henry Asquith 's Liberal government in 1913 . Some members of the Women 's Social and Political Union ( WSPU , commonly referred to as suffragettes ) had been imprisoned for acts of vandalism in support of women 's suffrage . In protest to being imprisoned some of these suffragettes undertook hunger strikes . These suffragettes were then force - fed leading to a public outcry . This act was a response to the outcry ; it allowed the prisoners to be released on licence as soon as the hunger strike affected their health . They then had a period of time in which they could recover . After a predetermined period of time the prisoner would be rearrested to serve out the rest of their sentence . Conditions could be placed on the prisoner during the time of their release . The hunger strikes themselves were now technically legal . However , the Act allowed for the re-imprisonment of the hunger strikers upon their recovery on their original charges . The nickname of the Act came about because of a cat 's habit of playing with its prey ( a mouse ) before finishing it off . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Government use </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Women writing about the experience of being forcibly fed </Li> <Li> 4 Unintended consequences </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Government Use ( edit ) </H2> <P> After the act was introduced suffragettes were no longer force - fed during their time in prison , which had previously been common practice to combat the hunger strikes . Rather , suffragettes on hunger strike were kept in prison until they became extremely weak , at which point they would be released to recover . This allowed the government to claim that any harm ( or even death ) which resulted from the starvation was entirely the fault of the suffragette . After this , any wrongdoing on the part of the suffragette would see them put straight back in prison . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> To attain the goal of suffrage on the same basis as men , the Women 's Social and Political Union ( WSPU , known colloquially as the suffragettes ) engaged in acts of protest such as the breaking of windows , arson , and the `` technical assault '' ( without causing harm ) of police officers . Many WSPU members were jailed for these offences . In response to what the organisation viewed as brutal punishment and harsh treatment by the government at the time , imprisoned WSPU members embarked on a sustained campaign of hunger strikes . Some women were freed on taking this action , but this rendered the policy of imprisonment of suffragettes futile . </P> <P> So , the government turned to a policy of force feeding hunger - strikers by nasogastric tube . Repeated uses of this process often caused sickness , which served the WSPU 's aims of demonstrating the government 's treatment of the prisoners . </P> <P> Faced with growing public disquiet over the tactic of force feeding , and the determination of the jailed suffragettes to continue their strikes , the government rushed the Act through Parliament . The effect of the Act was to permit the release of prisoners who were suffering illness for them to recuperate ; however , the police were free to re-imprison offenders again once they had recovered . The intention of the Act was to counter the tactic of hunger strikes undertaken by jailed suffragettes and the damaging consequences for the government 's support among ( male ) voters by the force feeding of women prisoners . If anything , the Act lost the Liberal government support . </P> <H2> Women writing about the experience of being forcibly fed ( edit ) </H2> <P> In a book called Suffrage and the Pankhursts , Jane Marcus argues that forcible feeding was the main image of the women 's suffrage movement in the public imagination . Women wrote about how the experience made them feel in letters , diaries , speeches and suffrage publications , including Votes for Women and The Suffragette . One of the force - fed suffragettes , Lady Constance Lytton , wrote a book that suggested that working - class women were more likely to be forcibly fed in prison than upper - class women . In general , the medical procedure of force feeding was described as a physical and mental violation that caused pain , suffering , emotional distress , humiliation , anguish and rage . </P> <H2> Unintended consequences ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ineffectiveness of the Act was very soon evident as the authorities experienced much more difficulty than anticipated in re-arresting the released hunger - strikers . Many of them eluded arrest with the help of a network of suffragette sympathisers and an all - women team of bodyguards , who employed tactics of misdirection , subterfuge and occasionally direct confrontation with the police . The inability of the government to lay its hands on high - profile suffragettes transformed what had been intended as a discreet device to control suffragette hunger - strikers into a public scandal . </P> <P> This act was aimed at suppressing the power of the organisation by demoralising the activists , but turned out to be counter-productive as it undermined the moral authority of the government . The Act was viewed as violating basic human rights , not only of the suffragettes but of other prisoners . The Act 's nickname of Cat and Mouse Act , referring to the way the government seemed to play with prisoners as a cat may with a captured mouse , underlined how the cruelty of repeated releases and re-imprisonments turned the suffragettes from targets of scorn to objects of sympathy . </P> <P> The Asquith government 's implementation of the Act caused the militant WSPU and the suffragettes to perceive Asquith as the enemy -- an enemy to be vanquished in what the organisation saw as an all - out war . A related effect of this law was to increase support for the Labour Party , many of whose early founders supported votes for women . For example , philosopher Bertrand Russell left the Liberal Party , and wrote pamphlets denouncing the Act and the Liberals for making in his view an illiberal and anti-constitutional law . So the controversy helped to accelerate the decline in the Liberals ' electoral position , as segments of the middle class began to defect to Labour . </P> <P> The Act also handed the WSPU an issue on which to campaign and rail against other parts of the British establishment - in particular the Anglican Church . During 1913 the WSPU directly targeted The Bishop of Winchester , Edward Talbot , the Archbishop of Canterbury , Randall Davidson , the Bishop of London , Arthur Winnington - Ingram , the Archbishop of York , Cosmo Gordon Lang , and the Bishops of Croydon , Lewes , Islington and Stepney . Each one was picketed by deputations at their official residences until granted an audience , during which the Church leaders were asked to protest against forcible feeding . Norah Dacre Fox led many of the deputations on behalf of the WSPU , which were widely reported in The Suffragette . At one point the Bishop of London was persuaded to visit Holloway personally in connection with allegations of women prisoners being poisoned during force feeding . The Bishop made several visits to the prison , but this came to nothing , and his public statements that he could find no evidence of ill treatment during force feeding -- indeed , he believed that force feeding was carried out `` in the kindest possible spirit '' -- was seen by the WSPU as collusion with the government and prison authorities . If the WSPU had been hoping to win support from the Church for their wider cause of suffrage by pressing on the issue of forcible feeding , they were disappointed . The Church chose not to be drawn into a battle between the WSPU and the authorities , and clung to a party line that militancy was a precursor to forcible feeding and militancy was against the will of God , therefore the Church could not act against forcible feeding . </P> <P> Research indicates that the Act did little to deter the activities of the suffragettes . Their militant actions only ceased with the outbreak of war and their support of the war effort . However , the start of the war in August 1914 , and the ending of all suffragette activities for the duration of the war , meant that the full potential impact of the Cat and Mouse Act will never be known . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> History of feminism </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Manchester Guardian '' . 1912 - 08 - 24 : 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Prisoners ( Temporary Discharge for Ill - Health ) Act , 1913 . Chapter 4 . 1913 - 04 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Marcus , Jane ( 2001 ) ( 1987 ) . `` Rereading the Pankhursts and Women 's Suffrage '' . In Marcus , Jane . Suffrage and the Pankhursts . Routledge . pp. 1 -- 17 . ISBN 0 - 415 - 25693 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bulwer - Lytton , Constance ( 2016 ) . Prisons & Prisoners : Some Personal Experiences . USA : Library of Alexandria . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Purvis , June ; Emmeline Pankhurst , London : Routledge , p 134 , ISBN 0 - 415 - 23978 - 8 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Williams , Rachel ( 25 June 2012 ) . `` Edith Garrud : a public vote for the suffragette who taught martial arts '' . The Guardian . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bartley , Paula ( 2002 ) . Emmeline Pankhurst . London ( u.a. ) : Routledge . p. 132 . ISBN 9780415206518 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McPherson , Angela ; McPherson , Susan ( 2011 ) . Mosley 's Old Suffragette - A Biography of Norah Elam . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4466 - 9967 - 6 . Archived from the original on 2012 - 01 - 13 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> How the act politicised the penal system </Li> <Li> Further Cat and Mouse Act Information </Li> <Li> 1913 Cat and Mouse Act </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> United Kingdom legislation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pre-Parliamentary legislation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of English statutes </Li> <Li> Charter of Liberties </Li> <Li> Magna Carta </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acts of Parliament by states preceding the Kingdom of Great Britain </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Parliament of England </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> to 1483 </Li> <Li> 1485 -- 1601 </Li> <Li> 1603 -- 1641 </Li> <Li> Interregnum ( 1642 -- 1660 ) </Li> <Li> 1660 -- 1699 </Li> <Li> 1700 -- 1706 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parliament of Scotland </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> to 1706 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1707 -- 1719 </Li> <Li> 1720 -- 1739 </Li> <Li> 1740 --

The Cat and Mouse Act was introduced in

When was the cat and mouse act introduced?

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Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 18 ) - wikipedia <H1> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 18 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( season 18 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Season 18 promotion cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mariska Hargitay </Li> <Li> Kelli Giddish </Li> <Li> Ice - T </Li> <Li> Peter Scanavino </Li> <Li> Raúl Esparza </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> NBC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> September 21 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 21 ) -- May 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 17 Next → Season 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The eighteenth season of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit debuted on Wednesday , September 21 , 2016 , on NBC and finished on Wednesday , May 24 , 2017 , with a two - hour season finale . </P> <P> Rick Eid , who previously worked on Law & Order and Law & Order : Trial By Jury , became the executive producer and showrunner , following Warren Leight 's departure from the series at the conclusion of the seventeenth season . Eid himself departed the series at the end of the eighteenth season and was replaced by Michael S. Chernuchin . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Storylines and cast changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main cast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring cast </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest stars </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Shelved episode </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Law & Order : Special Victims Unit was renewed for an eighteenth season on February 1 , 2016 , by NBC . It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner / executive producer Warren Leight 's last season on the show ; he signed a three - year deal with Sony Pictures Television , his contract allowing him to work on SVU for one final season . On March 10 , 2016 , it was announced that Rick Eid would replace Leight as showrunner on this season . </P> <P> The 400th episode of the series aired this season . `` Motherly Love , '' directed by Mariska Hargitay , was filmed and billed as the 400th show . However , due to the shuffling of episodes during the season , the episode actually aired as the 399th episode . The 400th episode that was aired was the eleventh episode of the season , `` Great Expectations , '' which aired on NBC on February 15 , 2017 , ( after being moved from its initial air date of November 9 , 2016 , and a second air date of January 4 , 2017 ) . </P> <P> At the end of production of the season , during upfronts SVU was renewed for a nineteenth season . Following the renewal announcement , it was revealed that show runner / executive producer Rick Eid had departed the show . He took over Chicago P.D. as show runner / EP starting with its fifth season , replacing C.P.D. co-creator / EP Matt Olmstead . Michael Chernuchin , former showrunner and executive producer for Dick Wolf 's Chicago Justice series , as well as a former executive producer and writer for many past incarnations of the Law & Order franchise , was selected as SVU 's new showrunner . </P> <H3> Storylines and cast changes ( edit ) </H3> <P> It was announced at the end of the seventeenth season that recurring star Andy Karl ( who portrayed Sergeant Mike Dodds ) would be departing the cast due to his Broadway work . He was killed off on the season finale by corrupt corrections officer Gary Munson . </P> <P> It was announced on July 22 , 2016 , that SVU would do a ripped from the headlines episode based on Netflix documentary Making a Murderer . Henry Thomas appeared alongside Kelli Williams in the episode about a convicted rapist who is exonerated after DNA is freshly tested . Ice - T 's character , Fin Tutuola , originally arrested Thomas ' character 16 years earlier and then begins investigating him again when he is linked to a deadly crime . Williams played Melanie , a rape victim who initially identified Thomas ' character . On August 20 , 2016 , it was announced that the season premiere would pit ADA Rafael Barba ( Raúl Esparza ) against Lt. Olivia Benson ( Mariska Hargitay ) on opposing sides of the verdict . The episode `` Rape Interrupted '' ( which guest stars Anthony Edwards ) , was ripped from the headlines based on the Brock Turner sexual assault case , where Turner sexually assaulted an unconscious girl and was later convicted of three felony sexual assault charges . Turner was leniently punished as he only served three months of his six - month sentence , though he originally faced 14 years in prison based on charges . Executive Producer Julie Martin told The Huffington Post , `` It is a phenomenon . Unfortunately , there have been several cases like that over the spring and the summer . '' Hargitay pondered if a similar case were to happen on the show : `` Like if I was the detective on that case ? It could be healing to somebody to see what should happen . ( Seeing ) justice , '' Hargitay continued , `` If a judge would do a different sentence . You know , that 's healing for people to see the right thing , the just thing happen . '' </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit characters <H3> Main cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Mariska Hargitay as Lieutenant Olivia Benson </Li> <Li> Kelli Giddish as Detective Amanda Rollins </Li> <Li> Ice - T as Detective Odafin `` Fin '' Tutuola </Li> <Li> Peter Scanavino as Detective Dominick `` Sonny '' Carisi , Jr . </Li> <Li> Raúl Esparza as A.D.A. Rafael Barba </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Robert John Burke as Captain Ed Tucker </Li> <Li> Peter Gallagher as Deputy Chief William Dodds </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Marvel as Defense Attorney Rita Calhoun </Li> <Li> Erica Camarano as Officer Rachel Ortiz </Li> <Li> Delaney Williams as Defense Attorney John Buchanan </Li> <Li> Callie Thorn as Defense Attorney Nikki Staines </Li> <Li> Lindsay Pulsipher as Kim Rollins </Li> <Li> Ami Brabson as Judge Karyn Blake </Li> <Li> Jenna Stern as Judge Elana Barth </Li> <Li> Greg Germann as Derek Strauss </Li> <Li> Bill Irwin as Dr. Peter Lindstrom </Li> <Li> Jason Bowen as Detective Marcus Perry </Li> <Li> Stephen C. Bradbury as Judge Colin McNamara </Li> <Li> Bronwyn Reed as Lucy Huston </Li> <Li> Barbara Miluski as Judge Lisa Peck </Li> <Li> Steve Rosen as Defence Attorney Michael Guthrie </Li> <Li> Michael Kostroff as Attorney Evan Braun </Li> <Li> Tabitha Holbert as ADA Rose Callier </Li> <Li> Jason Cerbone as Defence Attorney Lorenzo Desappio </Li> <Li> Ami Brabson as Judge Karyn Blake </Li> <Li> Sonia Manzano as Judge Gloria Pepitone </Li> <Li> Betsy Aidem as Dr Sloane </Li> <Li> Max Baker as Colin Bennett </Li> <Li> Kirk Acevedo as Detective Ray Lopez </Li> <Li> Meredith Holzman as Counselor Naomi Ziegler </Li> <Li> Vincent Curatola as Judge Al Burtuccio </Li> </Ul> <H3> Guest stars ( edit ) </H3> <P> On July 29 , 2016 , it was announced that then - Vice President Joe Biden would appear in the September 28 episode ( `` Making a Rapist '' ) as himself to talk about the backlog of rape kits . Henry Thomas also appeared alongside Kelli Williams in the episode , Thomas portraying a convicted rapist who is exonerated after DNA is freshly retested . </P> <P> On September 8 , 2016 , Hollywood Reporter reported that Anthony Edwards would guest star on SVU . Edwards starred on the NBC medical drama ER as Dr. Mark Greene ; in season four of the medical series , Mariska Hargitay guest starred as Greene 's love interest , Desk Clerk Cynthia Cooper . Later , TV Guide announced that Edwards would be portraying Benson 's very first partner out of the Academy , Sgt . Patrick Griffin in `` Rape Interrupted '' . Griffin 's son is the suspect in a rape investigation that puts Benson at odds with ADA Barba and Griffin . Hollywood Reporter announced that rapper - actor Wyclef Jean was guest starring in the episode `` Broken Rhymes '' ( originally titled `` Bad Rap '' ) as a famed music producer whose client is embroiled in an assault case . Mitchell Edwards portrayed Hype in the episode as well . </P> <P> On October 11 , 2016 , Hollywood Reporter reported that Gary Cole would guest star as a politician whose campaign goes haywire when several women go public with damaging accusations . The character and the episode , titled `` Unstoppable , '' drew comparisons to then - presidential candidate Donald Trump . The episode was originally scheduled to air on October 26 , but was then delayed until November 16 after the election finished . The episode was pulled from the schedule a second time and is indefinitely shelved . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 390 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Terrorized '' </Td> <Td> Alik Sakharov </Td> <Td> Rick Eid & Julie Martin </Td> <Td> September 21 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 1801 </Td> <Td> 7.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <P> When Lt. Benson finds a boy alone in Central Park , he draws a gun on her . The SVU team finds the boy 's parents as they execute a planned terrorist attack at the park . When the father is killed by police in a shootout in Central Park during an event , the boy 's mother ( Natia Dune ) says that she was forced to carry out the attack , as she was raped and beaten for five years by the father and his brother . Benson and Barba are at odds over the mother 's claims , with Benson pushing for leniency . Meanwhile , a distraught Deputy Chief Dodds accuses Benson of getting his son killed . </P> <Ul> <Li> Episode inspired by the FBI -- Apple encryption dispute from the 2015 San Bernardino attack </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 391 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Making a Rapist '' </Td> <Td> Michael Pressman </Td> <Td> Kevin Fox </Td> <Td> September 28 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 1802 </Td> <Td> 6.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When a DNA rape kit is tested 16 years later , the man originally convicted of the crime , Sean Roberts ( Henry Thomas ) , is released from prison . He befriends the victim and her daughter ( Alexis Collins ) , being invited to the daughter 's wedding . One month after Roberts ' release , the daughter is found raped and murdered with evidence pointing to him . Meanwhile , Fin Tutuola is accused of

Season 18 of Law and Order SVU starts on

When does season 18 of law and order svu start?

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whistler , Lord Howe silvereye and Lord Howe currawong . The iconic endemic rail , the flightless Lord Howe woodhen , is the only surviving member of its genus : its ancestors could fly but with no predators and plenty of food on the island this ability was lost . This made it easy prey for islanders and feral animals and by the 1970s the population was less than 30 birds . From 1978 to 1984 feral animals were removed and birds raised in captivity to be successfully reintroduced to the wild . The population is now relatively safe and stable . </P> Mammals , reptiles and amphibians ( edit ) <P> Only one native mammal remains on the islands , the large forest bat . The endemic Lord Howe long - eared bat is known only from a skull and is now presumed extinct , possibly the result of the introduction of ship rats . </P> <P> Two terrestrial reptiles are native to the island group : the Lord Howe Island skink and the Lord Howe Island gecko . Both are rare on the main island but more common on smaller islands offshore . The garden skink and the bleating tree frog have been accidentally introduced from the Australian mainland . </P> Invertebrates ( edit ) Lord Howe Island stick insect <P> The Lord Howe Island stick insect disappeared from the main island soon after the introduction of rats in 1918 . In 2001 a tiny population was discovered in a single Melaleuca howeana shrub on the slopes of Ball 's Pyramid , has been successfully bred in captivity , and is nearing re-introduction to the main island . The Lord Howe stag beetle is a colourful endemic beetle seen during summer months . Another endemic invertebrate , the Lord Howe flax snail ( or Lord Howe Placostylus ) , has also been affected by the introduction of rats . Once common , the species is now endangered and a captive breeding program is under way to save the snail from extinction . </P> Marine life ( edit ) <P> Marine environments are near - pristine with a mixtures of temperate , subtropical and tropical species derived from cool - temperate ocean currents in the winter and the warm East Australian Current , which flows from the Great Barrier Reef , in summer . Of the 490 fish species recorded 13 are endemic and 60 % are tropical . The main angling fish are yellowtail kingfish and New Zealand bluefish while game fish include marlin , tuna and giant kingfish called `` greenbacks '' . Over 80 species of coral occur in the reefs surrounding the islands . Australian underwater photographer Neville Coleman has photographed various nudibranchs at Lord Howe Island . </P> <P> Various species of cetaceans inhabit or migrate through the waters in vicinity , however very little about their biology in the area is known due to lack of studies and sighting efforts caused from locational conditions . Bottlenose dolphins are the most commonly observed and is the only species confirmed to be seasonal or yearly residents while some other dolphin species have also been observed . Humpback whales are the only of large whales showing slow but steady recoveries as their numbers annually migrating past the island of Lord Howe are much smaller than that of those migrating along Australian continent . </P> <P> Historically , migratory whales such as blue , fin , sei were very abundant in the island waters , but were severely reduced in numbers to near - extinction by commercial and illegal hunts including the mass illegal hunts by Soviet Union and Japan in 1960s to 1970s . Southern right and sperm were most severely hunted among these , hence the area was called the Middle Ground by whalers . It is likely that these two were once seasonal residents around the island where right whales prefer sheltered , very shallow bays while sperm whales mainly inhabit deep waters . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Images of native fauna </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Providence petrels on the summit of Mount Gower </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Woodhen by Neds Beach Road </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Masked booby with chick viewed off Malabar cliffs </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coral Skeleton on Little Island Beach </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Conservation ( edit ) </H3> Lord Howe white - throated pigeon ( Columba vitiensis godmanae ) painted by George Raper , 1790 - now extinct <P> About 10 % of Lord Howe Island 's forests have been cleared for agriculture , and another 20 % has been disturbed , mostly by domestic cattle and feral sheep , goats and pigs . As a result , 70 % of the island remains relatively untouched with a variety of plants and animals , many of which are endemic , some of which are rare or threatened . Two species of plants , nine terrestrial birds , one bat and at least four invertebrates have become extinct since 1778 . Endemism at the generic level includes the palms Howea , Hedyscepe and Lepidorrhachis , a woody daisy Lordhowea , the tree Negria , the leech Quantenobdella howensis , three annelid worm genera ( Paraplutellus , Pericryptodrilus and Eastoniella ) , an isopod shrimp Stigmops , a hemipteran bug Howeria and a cricket Howeta . </P> <P> The Lord Howe Island Board instigated an extensive biological and environmental survey ( published in 1974 ) , which has guided the island conservation program . In 1981 , the Lord Howe Island Amendment Act proclaimed a `` Permanent Park Preserve '' over the north and south ends of the island . Administration of the preserve was outlined in a management plan for the sustainable development of the island prepared by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service , which has a ranger stationed on the island . The Island was cited under the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982 . </P> <P> Offshore environmental assets are protected by the Lord Howe Island Marine Park . This consists of a State Marine Park managed by the Marine Parks Authority of New South Wales in the waters out to 3 nautical miles around the island and including Ball 's Pyramid . It also includes a Commonwealth Marine Park extending from 3 to 12 nautical miles out and managed by the federal Department of the Environment and Heritage . In total the Marine Park covers about 3,005 square kilometres ( 1,160 sq mi ) . </P> Feral animals and plants ( edit ) <P> Pigs and goats were released on the island as potential food in the early 1800s , the goats destroying shrubs and grasses used as nesting sites and the pigs eating eggs and chicks and disturbing the land by nuzzling for food . Several birds have become extinct on the island since the arrival of humans . The first round of extinctions included the Lord Howe swamphen or white gallinule , white - throated pigeon , red - crowned parakeet and the Tasman booby , which were eliminated by visitors and settlers during the nineteenth century either from overhunting for food or protection of crops . Black rats were released from provisioning whaling ships in the 1840s and mice from Norfolk Island in 1860 . In 1918 the black rat was accidentally introduced with the shipwreck of the SS Makambo which ran aground at Ned 's Beach . This triggered a second wave of extinctions , including the vinous - tinted thrush , robust white - eye , Lord Howe starling , Lord Howe fantail and the Lord Howe gerygone as well as the destruction of the native phasmid and decimation of palm fruits . Bounties were offered for rat and pig tails and ' ratting ' became a popular pursuit . Subsequent poisoning programs have kept populations low . The Lord Howe boobook may have become extinct through predation by , or competition with , the Tasmanian masked owls which were introduced in the 1920s in a failed attempt to control the rat population . Stray dogs are also a threat as they could harm the native wood hen and other birds . </P> <P> Invasive plants such as Crofton weed and Formosa lily occur in inaccessible areas and probably can not be eradicated but others are currently being managed . In 1995 the first action was taken to control the spread of introduced plants of the island , chiefly ground asparagus and bridal creeper , but also cherry guava , Madeira vine , Cotoneaster , Ochna and Cestrum . This has been followed by weeding tours and the formation of the Friends of Lord Howe Island group in 2000 . Programs have also been started to remove weeds from private properties and revegetate some formerly cultivated areas . An Environmental Unit was created by the Board and it includes a Flora Management Officer and a permanent Weed Officer . Weeds have been mapped and an eradication program is in place , supported by improved education and quarantine procedures . </P> <P> Despite the large number of introduced species that harm Lord Howe 's native flora and fauna , feral pigs and cats were eradicated by the early 2000s . The goat population has been reduced to just a few animals , and there are ongoing efforts to control rodents and introduced plants . In July 2012 it was announced by the Australian federal Environment Minister Tony Burke and the New South Wales Environment Minister Robyn Parker that the Australian and NSW Governments would each contribute 50 % of the estimated A $9 million cost of implementing a rodent eradication plan for the island , using aerial deployment of poison baits . The plan was put to a local vote and is considered controversial . A recovery program has restored the Lord Howe woodhen numbers from only 20 in 1970 to about 200 in 2000 , which is close to carrying capacity . </P> Climate Change ( edit ) <P> According to an analysis by Tim Flannery , the ecosystem of Lord Howe Island is threatened by climate change and global warming , with the reefs at risk from rises in water temperature . The Great Barrier Reef is specifically identified as being at risk to the effects of global warming on Australia , and the same analysis applies to the reefs of Lord Howe Island . Cool climate flora and fauna are at risk from rises in temperature , because there is limited scope for migration to higher altitudes. . The first international conference on global artificial photosynthesis as a climate change solution occurred at Lord Howe island in 2011 , the papers being published by the Australian Journal of Chemistry . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jim Lacey , former administrator </Li> <Li> List of islands of Australia </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Regional Statistics -- New South Wales '' ( PDF ) . Australian Bureau of Statistics . 2004 . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Port Macquarie '' . New South Wales Electoral Commission . 2008 . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Profile of the Electoral Division Sydney '' . Australian Electoral Commission . 2011 . Retrieved 2011 - 08 - 19 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics ( 27 June 2017 ) . `` Lord Howe Island ( State Suburb ) '' . 2016 Census QuickStats . Retrieved 7 July 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Draft Report : Review of the Lord Howe Island Act of 1954 '' ( PDF ) . State of New South Wales , Department of Environment , Climate Change and Water , February 2010 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 21 March 2011 . Retrieved 2011 - 12 - 22 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Lord Howe

Lord Howe Island was declared a World Heritage Site

When did lord howe island became a world heritage site?

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Sex and the City - wikipedia <H1> Sex and the City </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the TV series . For the book on which it is based , see Sex and the City ( book ) . For its subsequent films , see Sex and the City ( film ) and Sex and the City 2 . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sex and the City </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> S.A.T.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Romantic comedy Comedy - drama Sex comedy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Darren Star </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Sarah Jessica Parker Kim Cattrall Kristin Davis Cynthia Nixon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Narrated by </Th> <Td> Sarah Jessica Parker </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> Douglas J. Cuomo Tom Findlay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Sex and the City Theme '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Boykin Kenneth Burgomaster Bob Christianson Douglas J. Cuomo Didier Rachou </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 94 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> New York City , New York Millstone Township , New Jersey West Orange , New Jersey Los Angeles , California Paris , France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Single camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 30 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Darren Star Productions HBO Original Programming </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> North America Warner Bros. Television Distribution HBO Enterprises International CBS Studios International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> HBO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 480i ( 4 : 3 SDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Stereo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> June 6 , 1998 ( 1998 - 06 - 06 ) -- February 22 , 2004 ( 2004 - 02 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Followed by </Th> <Td> Sex and the City ( 2008 ) Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) The Carrie Diaries ( 2013 -- 14 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy - drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO . Broadcast from 1998 until 2004 , the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes . Throughout its six - year run , the show received contributions from various producers , writers , and directors , perhaps most significantly from Michael Patrick King . </P> <P> Set and filmed in New York City and based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell , the show follows the lives of a group of four women -- three in their mid-thirties and one in her forties -- who , despite their different natures and ever - changing sex lives , remain inseparable and confide in each other . Starring Sarah Jessica Parker ( as Carrie Bradshaw ) , Kim Cattrall ( as Samantha Jones ) , Kristin Davis ( as Charlotte York ) , and Cynthia Nixon ( as Miranda Hobbes ) , the quirky series had multiple continuing storylines that tackled relevant and modern social issues such as sexuality , safe sex , promiscuity , and femininity , while exploring the difference between friendships and romantic relationships . The deliberate omission of the better part of the early lives of the four women was the writers ' way of exploring social life -- from sex to relationships -- through each of their four very different , individual perspectives . </P> <P> The series received both acclaim and criticism for its subjects and characters , and is credited with helping jump - start HBO . It spawned two feature films , Sex and the City ( 2008 ) and its sequel Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) , and a prequel series by The CW , The Carrie Diaries . It also won seven of its 54 Emmy Award nominations , eight of its 24 Golden Globe Award nominations , and three of its 11 Screen Actors Guild Award nominations . Sex in the City still airs in syndication worldwide and has been listed on Entertainment Weekly s end - of - the - decade `` best of '' list and as one of Time magazine 's 100 Best TV Shows of All - TIME . The show placed # 5 on Entertainment Weekly 's `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked it at # 40 on its list of the Best Series of All Time . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origins </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Carrie Bradshaw </Li> <Li> 2.2 Samantha Jones </Li> <Li> 2.3 Charlotte York </Li> <Li> 2.4 Miranda Hobbes </Li> <Li> 2.5 Recurring roles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes </Li> <Li> 4 Plot <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Season 1 ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Season 2 ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 Season 3 ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Season 4 ( 2001 -- 02 ) </Li> <Li> 4.5 Season 5 ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> 4.6 Season 6 ( 2003 -- 04 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Awards and recognition </Li> <Li> 5.2 Fashion </Li> <Li> 5.3 Criticism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Broadcast and distribution <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Syndication <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 United States </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Canada </Li> <Li> 6.1. 3 Australia </Li> <Li> 6.1. 4 Ireland ( ROI ) </Li> <Li> 6.1. 5 United Kingdom </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 DVD releases </Li> <Li> 8 Soundtrack releases </Li> <Li> 9 Films <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Sex and the City ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> 9.2 Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> 9.3 Sex and the City 3 ( cancelled ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Franchise <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Prequel series </Li> <Li> 10.2 Adaptations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origins ( edit ) </H2> <P> The show was based in part on writer Candace Bushnell 's 1997 book of the same name , compiled from her column at The New York Observer . Bushnell has said in several interviews that the Carrie Bradshaw in her columns is her alter ego ; when she wrote the `` Sex and the City '' essays , she used her own name initially , but for privacy reasons , later created the character played in the series by Sarah Jessica Parker . Carrie Bradshaw was a writer living in New York City . Carrie Bradshaw and Candace Bushnell have the same initials , a flourish emphasizing their connection . Moreover , just as Carrie Bradshaw eventually gets her articles for the fictional ' New York Star ' published as a book in later series , the entire Sex and the City series is based on a compilation of Bushnell 's own columns for the ' New York Observer . ' </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Sex and the City characters <Table> <Tr> <Th> Primary cast of Sex and the City </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parker in 2013 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Davis in 2008 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cattrall in 2012 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nixon in 2009 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Carrie Bradshaw ( edit ) </H3> <P> Carrie Bradshaw ( Sarah Jessica Parker ) is the narrator , with each episode structured around her train of thought while writing her weekly column `` Sex and the City '' for the fictitious paper , the New York Star . A member of the New York glitterati , she is a club / bar / restaurant staple known for her unique fashion sense , who lives in a studio apartment in an Upper East Side brownstone . Stanford Blatch , a gay talent agent from an aristocratic family ( played by Willie Garson ) , is Carrie 's best friend outside of the other three women . </P> <P> Carrie is entangled with Mr. Big ( Chris Noth ) , whose real name is revealed in the final episode ( Season 6 , Episode 8 ) to be John James Preston , in a tumultuous , on - and - off - again relationship . ( In a running joke , whenever Carrie is about to introduce Mr. Big on - camera to another character , she is interrupted before she can say his name . ) He is the reason for many of Carrie 's breakdowns as he never seems ready to fully commit to her . He is once - divorced by the time the series opens and is a prominent businessman and an aficionado of jazz and cigars . </P> <P> Carrie and Big break up when he leaves New York for a work secondment to Paris and does not show willingness for Carrie to accompany him or continue a long - distance relationship , citing commitment issues . Carrie is heartbroken and some months later runs into Big at a party in the Hamptons . He is accompanied by his 20 - something year old girlfriend , Natasha , whom he met in Paris . Despite this , Carrie attempts to be friends with Big , however this goes awry when he tells her that he and Natasha are getting married , something he 'd never considered with Carrie . </P> <P> In season three , Carrie meets and is instantly attracted to up - and - coming Manhattan furniture designer Aidan Shaw ( John Corbett ) who becomes her boyfriend . Aidan is more traditional and patient about relationships than many of Carrie 's other love interests and for a while they are happy together . At a furniture show , the pair run into Big and now - wife Natasha , where Mr. Big confides to Carrie that he made a mistake marrying Natasha and wants out . Soon after , Big and Carrie begin an affair , with it ending only when she is caught at Big 's apartment by Natasha . Wracked with guilt , Carrie tells Aidan of the affair on the day of Charlotte 's wedding to Trey , and the two break up . They reunite in Season four , when Aidan opens a bar with Miranda 's ex , Steve . Carrie realizes she is still in love with Aidan and wins him back . He struggles to trust her , particularly as Mr. Big has gotten divorced from his wife and he and Carrie have a platonic friendship . Carrie stands firm on her friendship with Big , even inviting him up to Aidan 's cabin after a girl had broken up with him . When Carrie 's building goes co-op , Aidan offers to buy her apartment ( and the one next door ) so they can move in together . She agrees and later finds an engagement ring in his gym bag . Aidan later proposes and Carrie accepts . </P> <P> Aidan is initially patient at Carrie 's reluctance to set a wedding date , but soon begins to push her , suggesting they get married in Hawaii . Carrie has a panic attack whilst trying on wedding dresses with Miranda , and again when Aidan is knocking down

In the popular TV show Sex and the City, the main characters lived in

Where did they live in sex and the city?

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March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 20 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 16 -- 14 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 15 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 7 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> 21 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 22 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1977 </Td> <Td> 15 January </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 26 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> 4 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 0 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> 3 February </Td> <Td> draw </Td> <Td> 7 -- 7 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> 15 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 18 -- 30 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 21 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 23 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> 16 January </Td> <Td> draw </Td> <Td> 9 -- 9 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 March </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 12 -- 22 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> 4 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 18 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> 16 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 10 -- 7 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> 15 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 33 -- 6 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 April </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 21 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 </Td> <Td> 5 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 6 -- 9 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> 4 February </Td> <Td> Draw </Td> <Td> 12 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> 17 March </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 13 -- 7 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 16 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 21 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 </Td> <Td> 18 January </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 7 -- 25 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> 6 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 26 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> 5 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 14 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> 18 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 24 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 9 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> 1 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 41 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> 22 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 20 -- 34 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 </Td> <Td> 20 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 24 -- 21 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 2 April </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 19 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 </Td> <Td> 3 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 43 -- 3 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> 2 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 3 -- 29 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 22 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 40 -- 9 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 21 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 13 -- 35 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> 19 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 43 -- 22 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> 25 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 18 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> 3 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 42 -- 20 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> 8 March </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 15 -- 9 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> 21 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 26 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 March </Td> <Td> draw </Td> <Td> 15 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> 13 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 22 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> 4 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 6 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> 2 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 38 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> 8 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 0 -- 20 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> 14 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 25 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> 6 February </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 9 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 11 March </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 61 -- 21 </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> 24 February </Td> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 25 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Murrayfield </Td> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2019 </Td> <Td> 16 March </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Twickenham </Td> <Td> London </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Records ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Wins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> England </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The cup has been tied 15 times . </P> <P> The current record number of points scored by a player in a Calcutta Cup game was set by Jonny Wilkinson in 2007 when he scored 27 points ( 1 try , 2 conversions , 5 penalties , 1 drop goal ) . The previous record of 24 points was held by Rob Andrew . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Rugby union trophies and awards </Li> <Li> Le Crunch , a long - standing rivalry between England and France </Li> <Li> Millennium Trophy , for winners of England v. Ireland in the Six Nations </Li> <Li> Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy , for winners of France v. Italy in the Six Nations </Li> <Li> Triple Crown Trophy , whoever ( if any ) wins all games between England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales in the Six Nations </Li> <Li> Rugby union in India </Li> <Li> England -- Scotland football rivalry in association football </Li> </Ul> <H2> The other Calcutta cups ( edit ) </H2> The Other Calcutta Cup Trophy <P> In 1884 Calcutta Cricket and Football Club again set up a rugby section and in 1890 set up an inter club trophy , the Calcutta Rugby Union Challenge Cup , promptly christened the Calcutta Cup . </P> <P> The Cup is currently held by Jungle Crows who beat CC&FC . The second division trophy was won by Calcutta Cricket and Football Club Panthers . </P> <P> The original and oldest Calcutta Cup is a silver trophy played for annually by the members of Royal Blackheath Golf Club . It was a gift from the Royal Calcutta Golf Club in response to the presentation of a medal given by Blackheath . It is made from melted down silver rupees reputedly from same the batch of melted down silver rupees as the Rugby Union Cup played for between England and Scotland . The cup arrived in London in 1875 . It was first played for in December 1875 three years before the first Calcutta Cup match between England and Scotland . The Cup held by Royal Blackheath Golf Club has only 2 handles unlike the well known Calcutta Cup . It is only in recent years that the history of the original Calcutta Cup has been appreciated by sporting historians . </P> <P> Royal Blackheath Golf Club members had close links with Blackheath Football ( Rugby ) Club which was one of the most prominent Clubs in the early years of the Rugby Football Union . Members of both clubs served in India in the 1870s . This link is the most likely explanation for the creation of a similar cup being created by the Calcutta rugby Club a few years later and becoming the world famous Calcutta Cup . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Calcutta Cup goes kickabout '' . ESPN Scrum . Retrieved 22 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ BBC . `` Scotland lose 15 - 9 to Jones ' England '' . Retrieved 23 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Auld Enemy put to the sword as Jonathan Joseph spearheads Calcutta Cup rout '' . The Telegraph , UK . Retrieved 23 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Rampant Scots bring auld rivals crashing down to earth to claim Calcutta Cup '' . The Telegraph , UK . Retrieved 14 March 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Calcutta Cricket and Football Club history </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Scrum.com report </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Five famous victories to lift Scottish Hearts , The Scotsman , February 25 , 2006 </Li> <Li> The History of the Calcutta Cup , The Calcutta Cup at Historic UK </Li> <Li> The Calcutta Cup ( PDF ) explained on the website of the Scottish Rugby Union . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> England national rugby union team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Rugby Football Union </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Tries </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Players </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All Players </Li> <Li> Top Scorers </Li> <Li> Killed in the World Wars </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home stadiums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Twickenham Stadium </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Competitions and trophies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rugby World Cup </Li> <Li> Six Nations Championship </Li> <Li> Triple Crown </Li> <Li> Grand Slam </Li> <Li> Calcutta Cup </Li> <Li> Cook Cup </Li> <Li> Hillary Shield </Li> <Li> Old Mutual Wealth Cup </Li> <Li> Millennium Trophy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related teams </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sevens </Li> <Li> England Saxons </Li> <Li> RFU Championship XV </Li> <Li> England Counties XV </Li> <Li> U20s </Li> <Li> U18s </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Matches </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> World Cup finals </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1991 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> By opponent </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> Barbarians </Li> <Li> France </Li> <Li> Ireland </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> Samoa </Li> <Li> Scotland </Li> <Li> South Africa </Li> <Li> Wales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Results </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1871 -- 79 </Li> <Li> 1880 -- 89 </Li> <Li> 1890 -- 99 </Li> <Li> 1900 -- 09 </Li> <Li> 1910 -- 14 </Li> <Li> 1920 -- 29 </Li> <Li> 1930 -- 39 </Li> <Li> 1947 -- 49 </Li> <Li> 1950 --

Scotland last won the Calcutta Cup in

When's the last time scotland won the calcutta cup?

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Jigsaw ( 2017 film ) - Wikipedia <H1> Jigsaw ( 2017 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jigsaw </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> The Spierig Brothers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gregg Hoffman </Li> <Li> Oren Koules </Li> <Li> Mark Burg </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Josh Stolberg </Li> <Li> Peter Goldfinger </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Saw by James Wan Leigh Whannell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Matt Passmore </Li> <Li> Callum Keith Rennie </Li> <Li> Clé Bennett </Li> <Li> Hannah Emily Anderson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Charlie Clouser </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Ben Nott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Kevin Greutert </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Twisted Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Lionsgate Films </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> October 27 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 27 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 92 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $10 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $102.9 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jigsaw is a 2017 American horror film directed by Michael and Peter Spierig , written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger , and starring Matt Passmore , Callum Keith Rennie , Clé Bennett , and Hannah Emily Anderson . It is the eighth installment in the Saw franchise , picking up over a decade after the death of the eponymous Jigsaw killer , during the police investigation of a new succession of murders that fit his modus operandi . Saw 3D ( 2010 ) was originally deemed the final installment of the series , before Lionsgate Films commissioned the production of Jigsaw from a pitch by Stolberg and Goldfinger . </P> <P> Filming began in November 2016 , with post-production following in January . The film was released in the United States on October 27 , 2017 , receiving generally unfavorable reviews from critics , and grossing a reported $102.9 million worldwide . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Marketing <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Poster releases </Li> <Li> 4.2 Halloween Blood Drive </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Music </Li> <Li> 6 Release <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Sequel </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( November 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Criminal Edgar Munsen is pursued by the police onto a rooftop , where he activates a triggering mechanism before being shot non-fatally by Police Detective Halloran and his fellow officers . </P> <P> Five people are held captive in a barn , each with a metal noose around their neck . A tape recording from John Kramer explains they must give a sacrifice of blood and will need to confess their sins . The chains begin pulling them towards a wall of buzzsaws . Four manage to survive by cutting themselves on the blades as an offering of blood , but one man who was unconscious during the majority of the game appears to die . </P> <P> The next test divulges that group member Carly caused the death of an asthmatic woman by stealing her purse , which had her emergency inhaler inside . To save the others from being hanged , she must inject herself with one of the three needles - one containing an antidote to a poison in her system , one a saline solution , and one a potent acid . Volatile group member Ryan eventually stabs Carly with all three to save himself , melting her face and killing her . </P> <P> Detectives Halloran and Hunt begin investigating the discovery of bodies that appear to belong to the unnamed man and Carly . Halloran becomes suspicious of forensic pathologists Logan , a veteran and former doctor whose wife was killed two years prior , and Eleanor . Munsen is kidnapped from the hospital by an unseen assailant . When the police commissioner orders Kramer 's grave be exhumed , Munsen 's dead body is found inside instead . </P> <P> Ryan tries escaping through a door marked `` No Exit '' , and is trapped by wires that ensnare his leg . Fellow group members Anna and Mitch discover an unlocked door , and are trapped inside a grain silo . A taped message explains they will be buried in grain and killed by falling debris unless Ryan pulls a lever that will free him from the wires around his leg . Anna and Mitch survive , but Ryan 's leg is severed when he pulls the lever . </P> <P> Logan and Eleanor speak about their mutual distrust of Halloran . Eleanor takes Logan to her `` studio '' where she reveals that she is an obsessive fangirl of the Jigsaw case , and has built replicas of Kramer 's traps . She 's worried her obsession might incriminate her . Detective Hunt has followed them , and informs Halloran of the studio . </P> <P> The next test reveals Mitch knowingly sold a motorcycle with a faulty brake to Kramer 's nephew , resulting in his death . Mitch will be lowered into a spiral - shaped blade unless he can reach for a brake lever . Though fellow group - member Anna attempts to help him , he is shredded by the blade and killed . </P> <P> Halloran calls for Eleanor and Logan 's arrest after a corpse appearing to belong to Mitch is discovered in the studio . Logan convinces Hunt to let them go , as both suspect Halloran to be responsible . Eleanor has deduced the game 's location , and she and Logan depart for the barn . Halloran pursues them . Meanwhile , Hunt finds puzzle - piece shaped pieces of human flesh in Halloran 's freezer , fitting Jigsaw 's M.O. and implicating Halloran as a copycat killer . </P> <P> Anna attempts to slip through a doorway to freedom , only to be captured . She finds herself and Ryan chained in a room with a hooded figure , who is revealed to be a still - living John Kramer . Kramer reveals that Anna suffocated her infant in a fit of rage and blamed it on her sleeping husband by planting the body next to him . Her husband later committed suicide , thinking he accidentally smothered his own baby . It is also revealed that Ryan accidentally caused the death of several of his friends years prior in a car accident but managed to escape blame . Kramer tells them they have gotten his message `` backwards '' . He places a loaded shotgun between them and tells them it is the `` key '' to their survival . Anna attempts to shoot Ryan , but the gun , which is revealed to be rigged , backfires and instead kills her . Ryan realizes that the keys to his and Anna 's chains were in the gun , and destroyed when Anna pulled the trigger , leaving no hope of escape . </P> <P> Logan and Eleanor investigate the barn , but are ambushed by Halloran . Eleanor escapes , and Halloran is drugged by an unseen assailant . </P> <P> Logan and Halloran awaken in collars rigged with laser cutters . They are told they must confess their sins to survive and may choose who goes first . Halloran forces Logan to go first . Logan confesses that he mislabeled Kramer 's X-Rays years prior , which caused his cancer to go undiagnosed until it was too late . Despite confessing , Logan appears to die . Halloran is tested next . He admits to having allowed criminals to walk free for personal gain , and his collar deactivates . </P> <P> Suddenly Logan stands , revealing that he faked his death in order to get Halloran to confess , and that the barn game in fact took place ten years ago . He was the man who appeared to die in the first game , but Kramer , feeling he should not die because of an honest mistake , saved him . John took Logan on as his first apprentice . The bodies that were found were actually the bodies of criminals Halloran allowed to walk free . Logan placed them into the same tests that he was meant to face ten years prior . Logan also reveals that Munsen , one of the criminals Halloran let go , was responsible for murdering his wife . However , because Halloran did n't confess all of his sins , and broke the rules to force Logan to go first , he will die and be framed as the new Jigsaw . Logan reactivates the laser - collar around Halloran 's neck and his head is sliced apart , killing him . Having succeeded in his plan , Logan declares that he speaks for the dead . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> For more details on the cast and characters , see List of Saw cast members and List of Saw characters . <Ul> <Li> Matt Passmore as Logan Nelson </Li> <Li> Callum Keith Rennie as Det . Halloran </Li> <Li> Clé Bennett as Det . Keith Hunt </Li> <Li> Hannah Emily Anderson as Eleanor Bonneville </Li> <Li> Laura Vandervoort as Anna </Li> <Li> Paul Braunstein as Ryan </Li> <Li> Mandela Van Peebles as Mitch </Li> <Li> Brittany Allen as Carly </Li> <Li> Josiah Black as Edgar Munsen </Li> <Li> Shaquan Lewis as Officer Solomon </Li> <Li> Michael Boisvert as Lee James </Li> <Li> Tobin Bell as John Kramer / Jigsaw </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Saw 3D was intended to be the final Saw film . The film was set to be split into two parts , but Lionsgate Films only allowed the filmmakers to make one more film after Saw VI under - performed at the box office . According to Saw 3D writers Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton , because of the change , `` the big reveal of Dr. Gordon was a bit underserved ... perhaps creating more questions than answers . There were several ideas ( we ) never quite figured out . But ( I ) do n't want to say what they were , because you never know what might happen in the future . '' </P> <P> After the intended conclusion , Lionsgate ceased making Saw films , while waiting to hear a pitch that they thought made it worthwhile to resurrect the series . Jigsaw was conceived when writers Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger , who had spent two years pursuing the opportunity to write a Saw entry , proposed their vision . It became known in July 2016 that brothers Michael and Peter Spierig would direct the film . The producers Mark Burg and Oren Koules had also produced the previous entries in the Saw series . Composer Charlie Clouser has described the film as a `` reinvention '' of the series , opining that `` the Spierig brothers can deliver a fresh take on the material that will establish a new story line

The new Saw 8 is scheduled to be released on

When does the new saw 8 come out?

-3723267971053890933

2017 Wimbledon Championships -- women 's singles - wikipedia <H1> 2017 Wimbledon Championships -- women 's singles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Women 's Singles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2017 Wimbledon Championships </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Champion </Th> <Td> Garbiñe Muguruza </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Runner - up </Th> <Td> Venus Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Final score </Th> <Td> 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Draw </Th> <Td> 128 ( 12 Q / 6 WC ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seeds </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Events </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> women </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> boys </Td> <Td> girls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Doubles </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> women </Td> <Td> mixed </Td> <Td> boys </Td> <Td> girls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legends </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> women </Td> <Td> seniors </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> WC Doubles </Th> <Td> men </Td> <Td> women </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← 2016 </Td> <Td> Wimbledon Championships </Td> <Td> 2018 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main article : 2017 Wimbledon Championships <P> Serena Williams was the two - time defending champion , but did not defend her title because of pregnancy . </P> <P> Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title , defeating Venus Williams in the final , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 0 . Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994 . Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slams singles finals . </P> <P> Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova , also in 1994 , and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated Jeļena Ostapenko in the quarterfinals . Johanna Konta became the first British woman to reach the semifinals since Virginia Wade in 1978 , and Magdaléna Rybáriková became the first Slovak woman to reach the semifinals at Wimbledon . </P> <P> Despite losing in the second round , Karolína Plíšková attained the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament , after Angelique Kerber and Simona Halep , the other contenders for the top ranking , lost in the fourth round and quarterfinals , respectively . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Seeds </Li> <Li> 2 Qualifying </Li> <Li> 3 Draw <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Key </Li> <Li> 3.2 Finals </Li> <Li> 3.3 Top half <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Section 1 </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Section 2 </Li> <Li> 3.3. 3 Section 3 </Li> <Li> 3.3. 4 Section 4 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Bottom half <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Section 5 </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Section 6 </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Section 7 </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 Section 8 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Seeds ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dd> 01 . Angelique Kerber ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 02 . Simona Halep ( Quarterfinals ) </Dd> <Dd> 03 . Karolína Plíšková ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 04 . Elina Svitolina ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 05 . Caroline Wozniacki ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 06 . Johanna Konta ( Semifinals ) </Dd> <Dd> 07 . Svetlana Kuznetsova ( Quarterfinals ) </Dd> <Dd> 08 . Dominika Cibulková ( Third round ) </Dd> <Dd> 09 . Agnieszka Radwańska ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 10 . Venus Williams ( Final ) </Dd> <Dd> 11 . Petra Kvitová ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 12 . Kristina Mladenovic ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 13 . Jeļena Ostapenko ( Quarterfinals ) </Dd> <Dd> 14 . Garbiñe Muguruza ( Champion ) </Dd> <Dd> 15 . Elena Vesnina ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 16 . Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova ( First round ) </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> 17 . Madison Keys ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 18 . Anastasija Sevastova ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 19 . Timea Bacsinszky ( Third round ) </Dd> <Dd> 20 . Daria Gavrilova ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 21 . Caroline Garcia ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 22 . Barbora Strýcová ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 23 . Kiki Bertens ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 24 . Coco Vandeweghe ( Quarterfinals ) </Dd> <Dd> 25 . Carla Suárez Navarro ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 26 . Mirjana Lučić - Baroni ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 27 . Ana Konjuh ( Fourth round ) </Dd> <Dd> 28 . Lauren Davis ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 29 . Daria Kasatkina ( Second round ) </Dd> <Dd> 30 . Zhang Shuai ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 31 . Roberta Vinci ( First round ) </Dd> <Dd> 32 . Lucie Šafářová ( Second round ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section . </P> <H2> Qualifying ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 2017 Wimbledon Championships -- Women 's Singles Qualifying <H2> Draw ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Key ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Q = Qualifier </Li> <Li> WC = Wild Card </Li> <Li> LL = Lucky Loser </Li> <Li> Alt = Alternate </Li> <Li> SE = Special Exempt </Li> <Li> PR = Protected Ranking </Li> <Li> w / o = Walkover </Li> <Li> r = Retired </Li> <Li> d = Defaulted </Li> </Ul> <H3> Finals ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Quarterfinals </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Semifinals </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Final </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Garbiñe Muguruza </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Svetlana Kuznetsova </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Garbiñe Muguruza </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> PR </Td> <Td> Magdaléna Rybáriková </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> PR </Td> <Td> Magdaléna Rybáriková </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Coco Vandeweghe </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Garbiñe Muguruza </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="12"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Venus Williams </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Venus Williams </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Jeļena Ostapenko </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Venus Williams </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Johanna Konta </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Johanna Konta </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Simona Halep </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Top half ( edit ) </H3> Section 1 ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> First Round </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Second Round </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Third Round </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> Fourth Round </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> A Kerber </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Q </Td> <Td> I Falconi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> A Kerber </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> K Flipkens </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> K Flipkens </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> M Doi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> A Kerber </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Rogers </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Rogers </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> J Boserup </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Rogers </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> O Dodin </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> L Šafářová </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> L Šafářová </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> A Kerber </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> K Bertens </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> G Muguruza </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Cîrstea </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Cîrstea </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> M Linette </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> WC </Td> <Td> B Mattek - Sands </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> WC </Td> <Td> B Mattek - Sands </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> S Cîrstea </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Y Wickmayer </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> G Muguruza </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> K Bondarenko </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Y Wickmayer </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="7"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> E Alexandrova </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> G Muguruza </Td> <Td> 6

The winner of the 2017 women's Wimbledon final was

Who won the 2017 women's wimbledon final?

6276969298797177537

</Li> <Li> Fornication </Li> <Li> Gambling </Li> <Li> Incest </Li> <Li> Lewd and lascivious behavior </Li> <Li> Exhibitionism </Li> <Li> Creation of obscenity </Li> <Li> Prostitution </Li> <Li> Recreational drug use ( including alcohol , when prohibited ) </Li> <Li> Sodomy </Li> <Li> Suicide </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crimes against animals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cruelty to animals </Li> <Li> Wildlife smuggling </Li> <Li> Bestiality </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defences to liability </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Automatism </Li> <Li> Consent </Li> <Li> Defence of property </Li> <Li> Diminished responsibility </Li> <Li> Duress </Li> <Li> Entrapment </Li> <Li> Ignorantia juris non excusat </Li> <Li> Infancy </Li> <Li> Insanity </Li> <Li> Justification </Li> <Li> Mistake ( of law ) </Li> <Li> Necessity </Li> <Li> Provocation </Li> <Li> Self - defence </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other common - law areas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Contracts </Li> <Li> Evidence </Li> <Li> Property </Li> <Li> Torts </Li> <Li> Wills , trusts and estates </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portals </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Criminal justice </Li> <Li> Law </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Criminal Law is the body of law that relates to crime . It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening , harmful , or otherwise endangering to the property , health , safety , and moral welfare of people . Most criminal law is established by statute , which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature . It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws . Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction , and differs from civil law , where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Objectives of criminal law </Li> <Li> 3 Selected criminal laws <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Elements </Li> <Li> 3.2 Actus reus </Li> <Li> 3.3 Mens rea </Li> <Li> 3.4 Strict liability </Li> <Li> 3.5 Fatal offenses </Li> <Li> 3.6 Personal offenses </Li> <Li> 3.7 Property offenses </Li> <Li> 3.8 Participatory offenses </Li> <Li> 3.9 Mala in se v. mala prohibita </Li> <Li> 3.10 Defenses </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Criminal law jurisdictions </Li> <Li> 5 See also <Ul> <Li> 5.1 International criminal law </Li> <Li> 5.2 National criminal law </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first civilizations generally did not distinguish between civil law and criminal law . The first written codes of law were designed by the Sumerians . Around 2100 -- 2050 BC Ur - Nammu , the Neo-Sumerian king of Ur , enacted the oldest written legal code whose text has been discovered : the Code of Ur - Nammu although an earlier code of Urukagina of Lagash ( 2380 -- 2360 BC ) is also known to have existed . Another important early code was the Code Hammurabi , which formed the core of Babylonian law . Only fragments of the early criminal laws of Ancient Greece have survived , e.g. those of Solon and Draco . </P> The Old Bailey in London ( in 1808 ) was the venue for more than 100,000 criminal trials between 1674 and 1834 , including all death penalty cases . <P> In Roman law , Gaius 's Commentaries on the Twelve Tables also conflated the civil and criminal aspects , treating theft ( furtum ) as a tort . Assault and violent robbery were analogized to trespass as to property . Breach of such laws created an obligation of law or vinculum juris discharged by payment of monetary compensation or damages . The criminal law of imperial Rome is collected in Books 47 -- 48 of the Digest . After the revival of Roman law in the 12th century , sixth - century Roman classifications and jurisprudence provided the foundations of the distinction between criminal and civil law in European law from then until the present time . </P> <P> The first signs of the modern distinction between crimes and civil matters emerged during the Norman Invasion of England . The special notion of criminal penalty , at least concerning Europe , arose in Spanish Late Scolasticism ( see Alfonso de Castro ) , when the theological notion of God 's penalty ( poena aeterna ) that was inflicted solely for a guilty mind , became transfused into canon law first and , finally , to secular criminal law . The development of the state dispensing justice in a court clearly emerged in the eighteenth century when European countries began maintaining police services . From this point , criminal law had formalized the mechanisms for enforcement , which allowed for its development as a discernible entity . </P> <H2> Objectives of criminal law ( edit ) </H2> <P> Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences or sanctions for failure to abide by its rules . Every crime is composed of criminal elements . Capital punishment may be imposed in some jurisdictions for the most serious crimes . Physical or corporal punishment may be imposed such as whipping or caning , although these punishments are prohibited in much of the world . Individuals may be incarcerated in prison or jail in a variety of conditions depending on the jurisdiction . Confinement may be solitary . Length of incarceration may vary from a day to life . Government supervision may be imposed , including house arrest , and convicts may be required to conform to particularized guidelines as part of a parole or probation regimen . Fines also may be imposed , seizing money or property from a person convicted of a crime . </P> <P> Five objectives are widely accepted for enforcement of the criminal law by punishments : retribution , deterrence , incapacitation , rehabilitation and restoration . Jurisdictions differ on the value to be placed on each . </P> <Ul> <Li> Retribution -- Criminals ought to Be Punished in some way . This is the most widely seen goal . Criminals have taken improper advantage , or inflicted unfair detriment , upon others and consequently , the criminal law will put criminals at some unpleasant disadvantage to `` balance the scales . '' People submit to the law to receive the right not to be murdered and if people contravene these laws , they surrender the rights granted to them by the law . Thus , one who murders may be executed himself . A related theory includes the idea of `` righting the balance . '' </Li> <Li> Deterrence -- Individual deterrence is aimed toward the specific offender . The aim is to impose a sufficient penalty to discourage the offender from criminal behavior . General deterrence aims at society at large . By imposing a penalty on those who commit offenses , other individuals are discouraged from committing those offenses . </Li> <Li> Incapacitation -- Designed simply to keep criminals away from society so that the public is protected from their misconduct . This is often achieved through prison sentences today . The death penalty or banishment have served the same purpose . </Li> <Li> Rehabilitation -- Aims at transforming an offender into a valuable member of society . Its primary goal is to prevent further offense by convincing the offender that their conduct was wrong . </Li> <Li> Restoration -- This is a victim - oriented theory of punishment . The goal is to repair , through state authority , any injury inflicted upon the victim by the offender . For example , one who embezzles will be required to repay the amount improperly acquired . Restoration is commonly combined with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely related to concepts in the civil law , i.e. , returning the victim to his or her original position before the injury . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Selected criminal laws ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many laws are enforced by threat of criminal punishment , and the range of the punishment varies with the jurisdiction . The scope of criminal law is too vast to catalog intelligently . Nevertheless , the following are some of the more typical aspects of criminal law . </P> <H3> Elements ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Element ( criminal law ) <P> The criminal law generally prohibits undesirable acts . Thus , proof of a crime requires proof of some act . Scholars label this the requirement of an actus reus or guilty act . Some crimes -- particularly modern regulatory offenses -- require no more , and they are known as strict liability offenses ( E.g. Under the Road traffic Act 1988 it is a strict liability offence to drive a vehicle with an alcohol concentration above the prescribed limit ) . Nevertheless , because of the potentially severe consequences of criminal conviction , judges at common law also sought proof of an intent to do some bad thing , the mens rea or guilty mind . As to crimes of which both actus reus and mens rea are requirements , judges have concluded that the elements must be present at precisely the same moment and it is not enough that they occurred sequentially at different times . </P> <H3> Actus reus ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Actus reus An English court room in 1886 , with Lord Chief Justice Coleridge presiding <P> Actus reus is Latin for `` guilty act '' and is the physical element of committing a crime . It may be accomplished by an action , by threat of action , or exceptionally , by an omission to act , which is a legal duty to act . For example , the act of A striking B might suffice , or a parent 's failure to give food to a young child also may provide the actus reus for a crime . </P> <P> Where the actus reus is a failure to act , there must be a duty of care . A duty can arise through contract , a voluntary undertaking , a blood relation with whom one lives , and occasionally through one 's official position . Duty also can arise from one 's own creation of a dangerous situation . On the other hand , it was held in the U.K. that switching off the life support of someone in a persistent vegetative state is an omission to act and not criminal . Since discontinuation of power is not a voluntary act , not grossly negligent , and is in the patient 's best interests , no crime takes place . In this case it was held that since a PVS patient could not give or withhold consent to medical treatment , it was for the doctors to decide whether treatment was in the patient 's best interest . It was reasonable for them to conclude that treatment was not in the patient 's best interest , and should therefore be stopped , when there was no prospect of improvement . It was never lawful to take active steps to cause or accelerate death , although in certain circumstances it was lawful to withhold life sustaining treatment , including feeding , without which the patient would die . </P> <P> An actus reus may be nullified by an absence of causation . For example , a crime involves harm to a person , the person 's action must be the but for cause and proximate cause of the harm . If more than one cause exists ( e.g. harm comes at the hands of more than one culprit ) the act must have `` more than a slight or trifling link '' to the harm . </P> <P> Causation is not broken simply because a victim is particularly vulnerable . This is known as the thin skull rule . However , it may be broken by an intervening act ( novus actus interveniens ) of a third party , the victim 's own conduct , or

The main objective of criminal law is

What is the main objective of criminal law?

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The Ranch ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> The Ranch ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Ranch </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Sitcom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Don Reo </Li> <Li> Jim Patterson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ashton Kutcher </Li> <Li> Danny Masterson </Li> <Li> Debra Winger </Li> <Li> Sam Elliott </Li> <Li> Elisha Cuthbert </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Mammas Do n't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys '' by Lukas Nelson and Shooter Jennings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 40 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Don Reo </Li> <Li> Jim Patterson </Li> <Li> Ashton Kutcher </Li> <Li> Danny Masterson </Li> <Li> Jane Wiseman </Li> <Li> Blair Fetter </Li> <Li> Andy Weil </Li> <Li> Jerry Anglin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jamie Rhonheimer </Li> <Li> Steve Tompkins </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Multi-camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 28 -- 34 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ranch Hand Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> April 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 01 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Ranch is an American comedy web television series starring Ashton Kutcher , Danny Masterson , Debra Winger , Elisha Cuthbert , and Sam Elliott that debuted in 2016 on Netflix . The show takes place on the fictional Iron River Ranch in the fictitious small town of Garrison , Colorado ; detailing the life of the Bennetts , a dysfunctional family consisting of two brothers , their rancher father , and his divorced wife and local bar owner . While the opening sequence shows scenes from Norwood and Ouray , Colorado and surrounding Ouray and San Miguel Counties , The Ranch is filmed on a sound stage in front of a live audience in Burbank , California . Each season consists of 20 episodes broken up into two parts , each containing 10 episodes . </P> <P> All episodes are named after American country music songs , predominantly Kenny Chesney in part one , George Strait in part two , Tim McGraw in part three , and Garth Brooks in part four : the first ten episodes premiered on April 1 , 2016 , the second batch of ten episodes premiered on October 7 , 2016 . In April 2016 , Netflix renewed The Ranch for a second season of 20 episodes , the first half of which premiered on June 16 , 2017 , and the second half was released on December 15 , 2017 . </P> <P> On July 4 , 2017 , Netflix announced through its official The Ranch Twitter account that the show had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes to air in 2018 . In December 2017 , a week before the release of the second - half of the second season , it was announced Masterson had been written out of the show following multiple sexual assault allegations made against him , and will appear in only the first 10 episodes of the third season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cast <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Main </Li> <Li> 1.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 1.3 Special Guests </Li> <Li> 1.4 Cameos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2.2 Season 1 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Season 2 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Ashton Kutcher as Colt Bennett , a former high school and college football star who returns to his hometown after a fifteen - year absence for a tryout , but ultimately helps his father and older brother on their family ranch . Colt is frequently the butt of jokes from his father and brother , particularly when it comes to his ranching skills ( or lack thereof ) and his disappointing pro football career . He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense , but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others . Based on his various T - shirts and dialogue throughout the first season , it 's implied that Colt has played for the Barcelona Dragons , San Jose SaberCats , Spokane Shock , Orlando Predators , Nebraska Danger , Iowa Barnstormers , Green Bay Blizzard , Minnesota Axemen and Philadelphia Soul . Dialogue also states that he was a member of teams in Canada , notably the fictional Saskatoon Cold ( `` Like the Miami Heat ... only cold '' ) and Alaska , as well as that he was in the practice squad of the Buffalo Bills . He also states in the first episode he was the back up of the back up of the back up for Florida State and won the championship in 1999 . </Li> <Li> Danny Masterson as Jameson `` Rooster '' Bennett , Colt 's older brother . He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career , at times showing a bitter attitude for the burden of responsibility this caused him . Despite living in Colt 's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker . He has , however , been just as irresponsible as Colt , drinking too much and sleeping around . ( seasons 1 -- 3 ) </Li> <Li> Debra Winger as Margaret `` Maggie '' Bennett , owner of Maggie 's , and Colt and Rooster 's mother . Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns . Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau , her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems , especially those concerning their father . Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker . </Li> <Li> Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail `` Abby '' Phillips , a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt 's high school and current girlfriend . Abby was in a five - year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him , but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt . ( recurring , season 1 ; main cast , season 2 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Sam Elliott as Beau Bennett , Maggie 's ex-husband , and Colt and Rooster 's father . A Vietnam War veteran , he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died . Beau is a conservative republican . Beau is difficult to get along with , perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything . He has an estrange relationship with Rooster and Colt . He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons ' antics . Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers , a hearing - impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau 's </Li> <Li> Grady Lee Richmond as Hank , a regular Maggie 's patron </Li> <Li> Bret Harrison as Kenneth `` Kenny '' Ballard , a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby 's ex-fiancé </Li> <Li> Megyn Price as Mary Roth , a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster 's older girlfriend </Li> <Li> Kelli Goss as Heather Roth , Mary 's younger daughter and Colt 's ex-girlfriend , was pregnant with their child . </Li> <Li> Molly McCook as Darlene Roth , Mary 's older daughter </Li> <Li> Kathy Baker as Joanne , a Cracker Barrel waitress , Mary 's friend , and potential new love interest for Beau </Li> <Li> Ethan Suplee as `` Beer Pong Billy '' Tompkins , a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster 's </Li> <Li> Aimee Teegarden as Nikki , Heather 's friend and Billy 's fiancée </Li> <Li> Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers , a sexy weather reporter and Kenny 's current girlfriend </Li> <Li> Laura Vallejo as Maria , a Maggie 's waitress </Li> <Li> Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders , a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated </Li> <Li> Maggie Lawson as Jen the engineer , who wants to build a pipeline underneath the Bennett Ranch and Rooster love interest . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Special guests ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen , a loan officer and former high school football referee </Li> <Li> Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto , a former Iron River ranch hand , former employee of Neumann 's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch . He is Rooster and Colt 's friend . Currently deported . </Li> <Li> Martin Mull as Jerry , Maggie 's sometimes acid - tripping attorney </Li> <Li> John Amos as Ed Bishop , a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann 's Hill employee </Li> <Li> Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald , the Garrison High School head football coach </Li> <Li> Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips , Abby 's mother ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips , Abby 's father , who like Janice is disdainful of Abby 's relationship with Colt ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Conchata Ferrell as Shirley ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint , a traveling musician attracted to Maggie ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Kurtwood Smith as Sam Peterson , neighbor of the Iron River Ranch ( Season 2 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Cameos ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Joe Firstman </Li> <Li> Pearl Charles </Li> <Li> Kurt Neumann </Li> <Li> Bukka Allen </Li> <Li> Sam Hawksley </Li> <Li> Thomas Rhett </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Series overview ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally released </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 20 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> April 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> October 7 , 2016 ( 2016 - 10 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> 20 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> June 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 16 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> December 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 15 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2016 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="13"> Part 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Back Where I Come From '' </Td> <Td> David Trainer </Td> <Td> Don Reo & Jim Patterson </Td> <Td> April 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When Colt Bennett returns home from Canada to try out for a semipro Denver team , he learns that his family 's ranch has fallen on hard times . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td>

The Netflix show "The Ranch" is about

What is the netflix show the ranch about?

-7812477442387862913

Federal Reserve Board of Governors - wikipedia <H1> Federal Reserve Board of Governors </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Federal Reserve Board of Governors <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Federal Reserve System headquarters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Eccles Building Washington , D.C. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chairman </Th> <Td> Jerome Powell </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System , commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board , is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System . It is charged with overseeing the Federal Reserve Banks and with helping implement monetary policy of the United States . Governors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered 14 - year terms . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Description </Li> <Li> 2 Current members </Li> <Li> 3 Committees </Li> <Li> 4 List of governors </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> <P> By law , the appointments must yield a `` fair representation of the financial , agricultural , industrial , and commercial interests and geographical divisions of the country '' . As stipulated in the Banking Act of 1935 , the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board are two of seven members of the Board of Governors who are appointed by the President from among the sitting Governors . </P> <P> The Board of Governors does not receive funding from Congress , and the terms of the seven members of the Board span multiple presidential and congressional terms . Once a member of the Board of Governors is appointed by the president , he or she functions mostly independently . The Board is required to make an annual report of operations to the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives . It also supervises and regulates the operations of the Federal Reserve Banks , and the U.S. banking system in general . </P> <P> Membership is by statute limited in term , and a member that has served for a full 14 year term is not eligible for reappointment . There are numerous occasions where an individual was appointed to serve the remainder of another member 's uncompleted term , and has been reappointed to serve a full 14 - year term . Since `` upon the expiration of their terms of office , members of the Board shall continue to serve until their successors are appointed and have qualified '' , it is possible for a member to serve for significantly longer than a full term of 14 years . The law provides for the removal of a member of the Board by the President `` for cause '' . </P> <P> The Chair and Vice Chair of the Board of Governors are appointed by the President from among the sitting Governors . They both serve a four - year term and they can be renominated as many times as the President chooses , until their terms on the Board of Governors expire . </P> <P> Records of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors are found in the Record Group n . 82 at the National Archives of the United States . </P> <H2> Current members ( edit ) </H2> <P> The current members of the Board of Governors are as follows : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Governor </Th> <Th> Political Party </Th> <Th> Entered office </Th> <Th> Term expires </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jerome Powell ( Chairman ) </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> February 5 , 2018 ( as Chairman ) May 25 , 2012 ( as Governor ) June 16 , 2014 ( new term ) </Td> <Td> February 5 , 2022 ( as Chairman ) January 31 , 2028 ( as Governor ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vacant ( Vice Chairman ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> N / A ( as Vice Chairman ) January 31 , 2022 ( as Governor ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Randal Quarles ( Vice Chairman for Supervision ) </Td> <Td> Republican </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2017 ( as Vice Chairman for Supervision ) October 13 , 2017 </Td> <Td> October 13 , 2021 ( as Vice Chairman for Supervision ) January 31 , 2018 ( as Governor ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lael Brainard </Td> <Td> Democratic </Td> <Td> June 16 , 2014 </Td> <Td> January 31 , 2026 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vacant </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> January 31 , 2020 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vacant </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> January 31 , 2024 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vacant </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> January 31 , 2030 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Indicates the date of term expiration for the individual nominated to this vacant position . </P> <H2> Committees ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Committee on Board Affairs <Ul> <Li> Governor Powell , Chairman </Li> <Li> Vice Chairman ( vacant ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Committee on Consumer and Community Affairs <Ul> <Li> Governor Brainard , Chair </Li> <Li> Vacant </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Committee on Economic and Financial Monitoring and Research <Ul> <Li> Chairman ( vacant ) </Li> <Li> Governor Brainard </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Committee on Financial Stability <Ul> <Li> Chairman ( vacant ) </Li> <Li> Governor Brainard </Li> <Li> Vacant </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Committee on Federal Reserve Bank Affairs <Ul> <Li> Governor Powell , Chairman </Li> <Li> Governor Brainard </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Committee on Bank Supervision <Ul> <Li> Vacant , Chairman </Li> <Li> Governor Powell </Li> <Li> Governor Brainard </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Subcommittee on Smaller Regional and Community Banking <Ul> <Li> Governor Powell , Chairman </Li> <Li> Governor Brainard </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Committee on Payments , Clearing , and Settlement <Ul> <Li> Governor Powell , Chairman </Li> <Li> Vacant </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Source : </P> <H2> List of governors ( edit ) </H2> Board of Governors meeting January 1 , 1922 . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Bank </Th> <Th> Begin </Th> <Th> End </Th> <Th> Term ( Years ) </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Frederic A. Delano </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> 000000001914 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1914 </Td> <Td> 000000001918 - 07 - 21 - 0000 July 21 , 1918 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paul M. Warburg </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 000000001914 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1914 </Td> <Td> 000000001918 - 08 - 09 - 0000 August 9 , 1918 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> William P.G. Harding </Td> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> 000000001914 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1914 </Td> <Td> 000000001922 - 08 - 09 - 0000 August 9 , 1922 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1916 -- 1922 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adolph C. Miller </Td> <Td> San Francisco </Td> <Td> 000000001914 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1914 </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charles S. Hamlin </Td> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> 000000001914 - 08 - 10 - 0000 August 10 , 1914 </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1914 -- 1916 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albert Strauss </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 000000001918 - 10 - 26 - 0000 October 26 , 1918 </Td> <Td> 000000001920 - 03 - 15 - 0000 March 15 , 1920 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Henry A. Moehlenpah </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> 000000001919 - 11 - 10 - 0000 November 10 , 1919 </Td> <Td> 000000001920 - 08 - 09 - 0000 August 9 , 1920 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edmund Platt </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 000000001920 - 06 - 20 - 0000 June 20 , 1920 </Td> <Td> 000000001930 - 09 - 14 - 0000 September 14 , 1930 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David C. Wills </Td> <Td> Cleveland </Td> <Td> 000000001920 - 09 - 20 - 0000 September 20 , 1920 </Td> <Td> 000000001921 - 03 - 04 - 0000 March 4 , 1921 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John R. Mitchell </Td> <Td> Minneapolis </Td> <Td> 000000001921 - 05 - 12 - 0000 May 12 , 1921 </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 05 - 12 - 0000 May 12 , 1923 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Milo D. Campbell </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 03 - 14 - 0000 March 14 , 1923 </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 03 - 22 - 0000 March 22 , 1923 </Td> <Td> < 1 </Td> <Td> Died in office </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daniel R. Crissinger </Td> <Td> Cleveland </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 05 - 01 - 0000 May 1 , 1923 </Td> <Td> 000000001927 - 09 - 15 - 0000 September 15 , 1927 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1923 -- 1927 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Edward H. Cunningham </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 05 - 14 - 0000 May 14 , 1923 </Td> <Td> 000000001930 - 11 - 28 - 0000 November 28 , 1930 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Died in office </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> George R. James </Td> <Td> St. Louis </Td> <Td> 000000001923 - 05 - 14 - 0000 May 14 , 1923 </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Roy A. Young </Td> <Td> Minneapolis </Td> <Td> 000000001927 - 10 - 04 - 0000 October 4 , 1927 </Td> <Td> 000000001930 - 08 - 31 - 0000 August 31 , 1930 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1927 -- 1930 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eugene Meyer </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 000000001930 - 09 - 16 - 0000 September 16 , 1930 </Td> <Td> 000000001933 - 05 - 10 - 0000 May 10 , 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1930 -- 1933 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wayland W. Magee </Td> <Td> Kansas City </Td> <Td> 000000001931 - 05 - 18 - 0000 May 18 , 1931 </Td> <Td> 000000001933 - 01 - 24 - 0000 January 24 , 1933 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eugene R. Black </Td> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> 000000001933 - 05 - 19 - 0000 May 19 , 1933 </Td> <Td> 000000001934 - 08 - 15 - 0000 August 15 , 1934 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1933 -- 1934 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> J.J. Thomas </Td> <Td> Kansas City </Td> <Td> 000000001933 - 06 - 14 - 0000 June 14 , 1933 </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 10 - 0000 February 10 , 1936 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> M.S. Szymczak </Td> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> 000000001933 - 06 - 14 - 0000 June 14 , 1933 </Td> <Td> 000000001961 - 05 - 31 - 0000 May 31 , 1961 </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marriner S. Eccles </Td> <Td> San Francisco </Td> <Td> 000000001934 - 11 - 15 - 0000 November 15 , 1934 </Td> <Td> 000000001951 - 07 - 14 - 0000 July 14 , 1951 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Chairman ( 1934 -- 1948 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joseph A. Broderick </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td> 000000001937 - 09 - 30 - 0000 September 30 , 1937 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John K. McKee </Td> <Td> Cleveland </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td> 000000001946 - 04 - 04 - 0000 April 4 , 1946 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ronald Ransom </Td> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> 000000001936 - 02 - 03 - 0000 February 3 , 1936 </Td> <Td>

The members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve are appointed by

Who appoints the members of the board of governors of the federal reserve?

-585297311370673041

</Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pietism John Wesley Great Awakenings Holiness movement Restoration Movement Existentialism Liberalism Modernism in the Catholic Church Postmodernism Vatican II Radical orthodoxy Hermeneutics Liberation theology Christian anarchism </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Christianity portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine , accompanied by the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea ( 325 A.D. ) , holding the Niceno -- Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 . <P> The Four Marks of the Church , also known as the Attributes of the Church , is a term describing four distinctive adjectives -- `` One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic '' -- of traditional Christian ecclesiology as expressed in the Nicene - Constantinopolitan Creed completed at the First Council of Constantinople in AD 381 : `` ( I believe ) in one , holy , catholic , and apostolic Church . '' This ecumenical creed is today recited in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church ( both Latin and Eastern Rites ) , the Eastern Orthodox Churches , the Oriental Orthodox Churches , the Church of the East , the Moravian Church , the Lutheran Churches , the Methodist Churches , the Anglican Communion , the Reformed Churches , and other Christian denominations . </P> <P> While specific doctrines , based on both tradition and different interpretations of the Bible , distinguish one denomination from another , largely explaining why there are so many different ones , the Four Marks , when defined the same way , represent a summary of what many clerical authorities have historically considered to be the most important affirmations of the Christian faith . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Marks <Ul> <Li> 2.1 One </Li> <Li> 2.2 Holy </Li> <Li> 2.3 Catholic </Li> <Li> 2.4 Apostolic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ideas behind the Four Marks have been in the Christian Church since early Christianity . Allusions to them can be found in the writings of 2nd century early Church Father and bishop , Ignatius of Antioch . They were not established in doctrine until the First Council of Constantinople in 381 as an antidote to certain heresies that had crept into the Church in its early history . There the Council elaborated on the Nicene Creed , established by the First Council of Nicea 56 years before by adding to the end a section that included the affirmation : `` ( We believe ) in one , holy , catholic , and apostolic Church . '' The phrase has remained in versions of the Nicene Creed to this day . </P> <P> In some languages , for example , German , the Latin `` catholica '' was substituted by `` Christian '' before the Reformation , though this was an anomaly and continues in use by some Protestant churches today . Hence , `` holy catholic '' becomes `` holy Christian . '' </P> <P> Roman Catholics believe the description `` one , holy , catholic and apostolic Church '' to be applicable only to the Roman Catholic Church . They hold that `` Christ established here on earth only one Church '' and they believe in `` the full identity of the Church of Christ with the Catholic Church '' . While `` there are numerous elements of sanctification and of truth which are found outside her structure '' , these , `` as gifts properly belonging to the Church of Christ , impel towards Catholic Unity '' . The eastern Churches not in full communion with the Catholic Church thereby `` lack something in their condition as particular Churches '' . The communities born out of the 16th - century Protestant Reformation `` do not enjoy apostolic succession in the sacrament of Orders , and are , therefore , deprived of a constituent element of the Church . '' </P> <P> The Eastern Orthodox Church , in disagreement with the Roman Catholic , regards itself as the historical and organic continuation of the original Church founded by Christ and his apostles . The Oriental Orthodox Church disagrees with both and claims to be the historical and organic continuation of the original Church founded by Christ and his apostles , the `` One , Holy , Catholic , and Apostolic '' Church of the ancient Christian creeds and the only Church that has always kept the true Christology and faith declared by the first three councils , Nicaea , Constantinople , and Ephesus affirmed by the Church Fathers and the Holy Tradition . </P> <P> The Augsburg Confession found within the Book of Concord , a compendium of belief of the Lutheran Churches , teaches that `` the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new , but the true catholic faith , and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church '' . When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession to Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor in 1530 , they believe to have `` showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture , and then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils '' . As such , the Lutheran Churches traditionally hold that theirs represents the true visible Church . </P> <H2> Marks ( edit ) </H2> <H3> One ( edit ) </H3> See also : Christendom <P> `` There is one body and one Spirit just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call one Lord , one faith , one baptism , one God and Father of all , who is over all and through all and in all '' . This list in the Pauline letters of factors making Christians one body , one church , is doubtless not meant to be exhaustive , says Francis Aloysius Sullivan , but it affirms the oneness of the body , the church , through what Christians have in common , what they have communion in . Elsewhere , Paul the Apostle says : `` There is neither Jew nor Greek , there is neither slave nor free , there is no male and female , for you are all one in Christ Jesus '' ( Gal. 3 : 28 ) . This statement was about Christians as individuals , but it applied to them also as groups , as local churches , whether composed mainly of Jewish or Gentile Christians . In 1 Cor. 15 : 9 , Paul spoke of himself as having persecuted `` the church of God '' , not just the local church in Jerusalem but the same church that he addresses at the beginning of that letter as `` the church of God that is in Corinth '' ( 1 Cor. 1 : 2 ) . In the same letter , he tells Christians : `` You are the body of Christ and individually members of it '' ( 1 Cor. 12 : 27 ) , and declares that , `` just as the body is one and has many members , and all the members of the body , though many , are one body , so it is with Christ '' ( 1 Cor. 12 : 12 ) . </P> <H3> Holy ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Sanctity <P> The word holy means set apart for a special purpose by and for God . It does not imply that the members of the Church are free from sin , nor that the institution of the Church can not sin . Christ 's Church is holy because it is Christ 's Church : `` ... upon this rock , I will build my Church . '' Jesus founded his Church to continue his redemptive and sanctifying work in the world . Christians understand the holiness of the universal Church to derive from Christ 's holiness . And the Church is holy because God is Holy and the Church shares in God 's very own life and holiness . </P> <H3> Catholic ( edit ) </H3> Further information : Catholic ( term ) and Catholicity <P> Jesus drew near and said to them , `` I have been given all authority in heaven and on earth . Go , then , to all peoples everywhere and make them my disciples : baptize them in the name of the Father , the Son , and the Holy Spirit , and teach them to obey everything I have commanded you . And I will be with you always , to the end of the age . '' </P> -- Matthew 28 : 18 - 20 <P> The word `` catholic '' is derived from the Greek adjective καθολικός ( katholikos ) , meaning `` general '' , `` universal '' . It is associated with the Greek adverb καθόλου ( katholou ) , meaning `` according to the whole '' , `` entirely '' , or `` in general '' , a combination of the preposition κατά meaning `` according to '' and the adjective ὅλος meaning `` whole '' . </P> <P> Applied to the church , the adjective `` catholic '' means that in the church the wholeness of the Christian faith , full and complete , all - embracing , and with nothing lacking , is proclaimed to all people without excluding any part of the faith or any class or group of people . The adjective can be applied not only to the church as spread throughout the world but also to each local manifestation of the church , in each of which nothing essential is lacking for it to be the genuine Church of Christ . </P> <P> For his subjects , Emperor Theodosius I restricted to believers in `` the one deity of the Father , the Son and the Holy Spirit , in equal majesty and in a holy Trinity '' the term `` catholic christians '' , and applied the name `` heretics '' to others ( Edict of Thessalonica of 27 February 380 ) . </P> <P> In the following year 381 , the First Council of Constantinople adopted the Niceno - Constantinopolitan Creed , expressing belief in `` one , holy , catholic and apostolic Church '' . </P> <H3> Apostolic ( edit ) </H3> <P> This describes the Church 's foundation and beliefs as rooted and continuing in the living Tradition of the Apostles of Jesus ( cf . the 1913 Webster 's Dictionary ) . The Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodoxy , and the Church of the East , each claim to have preserved the original teaching of the apostles . They also have apostolic succession in that their bishops derive their authority through a direct line of laying on of hands from the apostles , a claim that they accept can be made by the other churches in this group . Many Lutheran Churches , such as the Church of Sweden , and the Anglican Communion likewise teach the doctrine of apostolic succession . Other Christian denominations , on the other hand , usually hold that what preserves apostolic continuity is the written word : as Milne put it , `` A church is apostolic as it recognizes in practice the supreme authority of the apostolic scriptures . '' </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> First Council of Constantinople </Li> <Li> Marks of the Church </Li> <Li> Nicene Creed </Li> <Li> State church of the Roman Empire </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Greek : μία , ἁγία , καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ ἐκκλησία . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Louis Berkhof , Systematic Theology ( London : Banner of Truth , 1949 ) , 572 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Scharper , Philip J. ( 1969 ) . Meet the American Catholic . Broadman Press . p. 34 . It is interesting to

The statement "the church is one" means

What is meant by the church is one?

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a structure or monument , either alone or together with other stones . The word `` megalithic '' describes structures made of such large stones without the use of mortar or concrete , representing periods of prehistory characterised by such constructions . For later periods , the term monolith , with an overlapping meaning , is more likely to be used . </P> <P> The word `` megalith '' comes from the Ancient Greek `` μέγας '' ( transl . mégas meaning `` great '' ) and `` λίθος '' ( transl . líthos meaning `` stone '' ) . Megalith also denotes an item consisting of rock ( s ) hewn in definite shapes for special purposes . It has been used to describe buildings built by people from many parts of the world living in many different periods . A variety of large stones are seen as megaliths , with the most widely known megaliths not being sepulchral . The construction of these structures took place mainly in the Neolithic ( though earlier Mesolithic examples are known ) and continued into the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early stone complexes in eastern Turkey </Li> <Li> 2 Middle Eastern megaliths </Li> <Li> 3 European megaliths <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Tombs </Li> <Li> 3.2 Other structures </Li> <Li> 3.3 Spread of megalithic architecture in Europe </Li> <Li> 3.4 Timeline of megalithic construction <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Mesolithic </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Neolithic </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Chalcolithic </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 Bronze Age </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 African megaliths </Li> <Li> 5 Asian megaliths <Ul> <Li> 5.1 East Asia <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Northern style </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 Southern style </Li> <Li> 5.1. 3 Capstone style </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Southeast Asia <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Living megalith culture of Indonesia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 South Asia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Melanesian megaliths </Li> <Li> 7 Micronesian megaliths </Li> <Li> 8 Modern theories <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Types of megalithic structure </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Gallery </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Articles </Li> <Li> 12.2 Books </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early stone complexes in eastern Turkey ( edit ) </H2> Göbekli Tepe <P> At a number of sites in eastern Turkey , large ceremonial complexes from the 9th millennium BC have been discovered . They belong to the incipient phases of agriculture and animal husbandry . Large circular structures involving carved megalithic orthostats are a typical feature ; e.g. at Nevalı Çori and Göbekli Tepe . Although these structures are the most ancient megalithic structures known so far , it is not clear that any of the European Megalithic traditions ( see below ) are actually derived from them . At Göbekli Tepe , four stone circles have been excavated from an estimated 20 . Some measure up to 30 metres across . As well as human figures , the stones carry a variety of carved reliefs depicting boars , foxes , lions , birds , snakes and scorpions . </P> <H2> Middle eastern megaliths ( edit ) </H2> Megalithic structure at Atlit Yam , Israel <P> Dolmens and standing stones have been found in large areas of the Middle East starting at the Turkish border in the north of Syria close to Aleppo , southwards down to Yemen . They can be encountered in Lebanon , Syria , Iran , Israel , Jordan , and Saudi Arabia . The largest concentration can be found in southern Syria and along the Jordan Rift Valley , however they are being threatened with destruction . They date from the late Chalcolithic / Early Bronze Age . Megaliths have also been found on Kharg Island and pirazmian in Iran , at Barda Balka in Iraq . </P> Standing stone in Amman , Jordan . <P> A semicircular arrangement of megaliths was found in Israel at Atlit Yam , a site that is now under the sea . It is a very early example , dating from the 7th millennium BC . </P> <P> The most concentrated occurrence of dolmens in particular is in a large area on both sides of the Jordan Rift Valley , with greater predominance on the eastern side . They occur first and foremost on the Golan Heights , the Hauran , and in Jordan , which probably has the largest concentration of dolmen in the Middle East . In Saudi Arabia , only very few dolmen have been identified so far in the Hejaz . They seem , however , to re-emerge in Yemen in small numbers , and thus could indicate a continuous tradition related to those of Somalia and Ethiopia . </P> <P> The standing stone has a very ancient tradition in the Middle East , dating back from Mesopotamian times . Although not always ' megalithic ' in the true sense , they occur throughout the Orient , and can reach 5 metres or more in some cases ( such as Ader in Jordan ) . This phenomenon can also be traced through many passages from the Old Testament , such as those related to Jacob , the grandson of Abraham , who poured oil over a stone that he erected after his famous dream in which angels climbed to heaven ( Genesis 28 : 10 - 22 ) . Jacob is also described as putting up stones at other occasions , whereas Moses erected twelve pillars symbolizing the tribes of Israel . The tradition of venerating ( standing ) stones continued in Nabatean times and is reflected in , e.g. , the Islamic rituals surrounding the Kaaba and nearby pillars . Related phenomena , such as cupholes , rock - cut tombs and circles also occur in the Middle East . </P> <H2> European megaliths ( edit ) </H2> Triangle megalith of Valle Levante , Fondachelli - Fantina , Sicily <P> The most common type of megalithic construction in Europe is the portal tomb -- a chamber consisting of upright stones ( orthostats ) with one or more large flat capstones forming a roof . Many of these , though by no means all , contain human remains , but it is debatable whether use as burial sites was their primary function . The megalithic structures of Malta are believed to be the oldest in Europe , in particular Skorba Temples . Though generally known as dolmens , the correct term accepted by archaeologists is portal tomb . However many local names exist , such as anta in Galicia and Portugal , stazzone in Sardinia , hunebed in the Netherlands , Hünengrab in Germany , dysse in Denmark , and cromlech in Wales . It is assumed that most portal tombs were originally covered by earthen mounds . </P> <P> The second-most - common tomb type is the passage grave . It normally consists of a square , circular , or cruciform chamber with a slabbed or corbelled roof , accessed by a long , straight passageway , with the whole structure covered by a circular mound of earth . Sometimes it is also surrounded by an external stone kerb . Prominent examples include the sites of Brú na Bóinne and Carrowmore in Ireland , Maes Howe in Orkney , and Gavrinis in France . </P> Poulnabrone portal tomb , Ireland <P> The third tomb type is a diverse group known as gallery graves . These are axially arranged chambers placed under elongated mounds . The Irish court tombs , British long barrows , and German Steinkisten belong to this group . </P> <P> Another type of megalithic monument , the single standing stone , or menhir as it is known in France , is very common throughout Europe , where some 50,000 examples have been noted . Some of these are thought to have an astronomical function as a marker or foresight . In some areas , long and complex alignments of such stones exist , the largest known example being located at Carnac in Brittany , France . </P> <P> In parts of Britain and Ireland a relatively common type of megalithic construction is the stone circle , of which examples include Stonehenge , Avebury , Ring of Brodgar and Beltany . These , too , display evidence of astronomical alignments , both solar and lunar . Stonehenge , for example , is famous for its solstice alignment . Examples of stone circles are also found in the rest of Europe . The circle at Lough Gur , near Limerick in Ireland has been dated to the Beaker period , approximately contemporaneous with Stonehenge . The stone circles are assumed to be of later date than the tombs , straddling the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages . </P> Zorats Karer at Armenia ( Armenian Stonehenge ) <H3> Tombs ( edit ) </H3> Large T shaped Hunebed D27 in Borger - Odoorn , Netherlands . <P> Megalithic tombs are aboveground burial chambers , built of large stone slabs ( megaliths ) laid on edge and covered with earth or other , smaller stones . They are a type of chamber tomb , and the term is used to describe the structures built across Atlantic Europe , the Mediterranean , and neighbouring regions , mostly during the Neolithic period , by Neolithic farming communities . They differ from the contemporary long barrows through their structural use of stone . </P> <P> There is a huge variety of megalithic tombs . The free - standing single chamber dolmens and portal dolmens found in Brittany , Denmark , Germany , Ireland , Netherlands , Sweden , Wales , and elsewhere consist of a large flat stone supported by three , four , or more standing stones . They were covered by a stone cairn or earth barrow . </P> Construction of a megalith grave Dolmen of Monte Bubbonia ( Sicily ) <P> In Italy , dolmens can be found especially in Sardinia . There are more than 100 dolmen dating to the Neolithic ( 3500 -- 2700 BC ) and the most famous is called Dolmen di Sa Coveccada ( near Mores ) . During the Bronze Age , the Nuragic civilization built c. 800 Giants ' grave , a type of megalithic gallery grave that can be found throughout Sardinia with different structures . The earliest megalithic tombs in Sardinia are the circular graves of the so - called Arzachena culture , also found in Corsica , southern France and eastern Spain . </P> <P> Dolmen are also in Apulia and in Sicily . In this latter region , they are small structures located in Mura Pregne ( Palermo ) , Sciacca ( Agrigento ) , Monte Bubbonia ( Caltanissetta ) , Butera ( Caltanissetta ) , Cava Lazzaro ( Siracusa ) , Cava dei Servi ( Ragusa ) , Avola ( Siracusa ) , Argimusco in Montalbano Elicona ( Messina ) . Dating to the early Bronze Age ( 2200 -- 1800 BC ) , the prehistoric Sicilian buildings were covered by a circular mound of earth . In the dolmen of Cava dei Servi , the archaeologists found numerous human bone fragments and some splinters of Castelluccian ceramics ( Early Bronze Age ) which confirmed the burial purpose of the artefact . </P> Eagle , one of the Megaliths of Argimusco , Sicily <P> Examples with outer areas , not used for burial , are also known . The Court Cairns of southwest Scotland and northern Ireland , the Severn - Cotswold tombs of southwest England and the Transepted gallery graves of the Loire region in France share many internal features , although the links between them are not yet fully understood . That they often have antechambers or forecourts is thought to imply a desire on the part of the builders to emphasize a special ritual or physical separation of the dead from the living . </P> Saint - Michel tumulus , megalith grave in Brittany <P> The Passage graves of Orkney , Ireland 's Boyne Valley , and north Wales are even

The most common form of megalithic architecture in Europe is

The most common form of megalithic architecture in europe is?

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Home and Family - wikipedia <H1> Home and Family </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Home and Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Talk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chuck Woolery </Li> <Li> Cristina Ferrare </Li> <Li> Michael Burger </Li> <Li> Paige Davis </Li> <Li> Mark Steines </Li> <Li> Debbie Matenopoulos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 104 -- 108 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> The Family Channel ( 1996 -- 98 ) Hallmark Channel ( 2012 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> April 1 , 1996 ( 1996 - 04 - 01 ) -- August 14 , 1998 ( 1998 - 08 - 14 ) ( original run ) October 1 , 2012 ( 2012 - 10 - 01 ) -- present ( current run ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Home and Family ( formerly The Home and Family Show ) is an American morning talk show originally hosted by Cristina Ferrare and Chuck Woolery . The show premiered on April 1 , 1996 , on The Family Channel and ran until August 14 , 1998 , featuring numerous recurring and regular personalities known as `` the family '' who share tips on beauty , crafts , cooking , and the like . Originally among the family were Jamie Gwen ( chef ) ; Candace Garvey ( lifestyles ) ; Mayita Dinos ( gardening ) ; Bob Golic ( variety of topics ) ; and The Carey Brothers ( carpentry and home repairs ) . </P> <P> The show was revived in 2012 and remains unique in that the daily guest star is asked to remain for the entire two hours . This provides a much broader view of the personality and interests of the star . Crew members are often seen , as well . </P> <P> It currently airs on the Hallmark Channel with hosts Mark Steines and Debbie Matenopoulos at 10 : 00 a.m. ( EST ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Concept </Li> <Li> 2 Hosts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Current hosts </Li> <Li> 2.2 Former hosts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Current `` family '' </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Concept ( edit ) </H2> <P> Home and Family is a two - hour daily Hallmark series , recorded one day prior , in Los Angeles , California . Steines said that the decision for that was made to encourage actors to be on the show , without having to wake at 4 : 00 a.m. The focus of the show is simply entertainment and tips within a `` wholesome image '' . They refrain from discussions on current events or politics as well as censor themselves in speech , such as the word `` breast '' is not allowed to be used . </P> <P> The series originally aired on The Family Channel but ended in 1998 . Its revival began on October 1 , 2012 , and moved to its current home , the Hallmark Channel . Mark Steines and Paige Davis co-hosted the show but Davis left after six weeks on November 16 , 2012 , with her final episode being taped the day before she was replaced by Cristina Ferrare , who in turn was replaced by Debbie Matenopoulos . </P> <P> Ferrare 's departure was abrupt and the audience was not given any explanation nor any notice prior to her departure . On June 21 , 2016 , Hallmark Channel confirmed that Ferrare would no longer co-host the show with Steines ; former co-host of The View Debbie Matenopoulos was named as her replacement . In a statement via - Facebook , Ferrare addressed her exit : `` It 's really very simple , Home and Family will have a season 5 which I am so happy for and the Network decided that they want a new co-host and that will be Debbie . She will do a great job ! '' </P> <P> The show continued on to season two where it premiered on September 30 , 2013 . Then on April 30 , 2014 , Home and Family was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 15 of that same year . It was announced on April 14 , 2015 , that season four was approved and along with that notice they announced that the show would air new episodes weekly throughout the entire year . </P> <H2> Hosts ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Current hosts ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Mark Steines ( 2012 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Debbie Matenopoulos ( 2016 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Former hosts ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Chuck Woolery ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Michael Burger ( 1996 -- 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Cristina Ferrare ( 1996 -- 1998 , 2012 -- 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Paige Davis ( 2012 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Current `` family '' ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Kym Douglas ( lifestyle ) </Li> <Li> Orly Shani ( sewing , crafts , and style ) </Li> <Li> Ken Wingard ( decor , DIY ) </Li> <Li> Paige Hemmis ( DIY expert ) </Li> <Li> Shirley Bovshow ( gardening ) </Li> <Li> Lawrence Zarian ( fashion ) </Li> <Li> Ali Fedotowsky </Li> <Li> Larissa Wohl ( Pet adoption expert ) </Li> <Li> Maria Provenzano ( DIY Expert ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Shirley Bovshow . `` Video tour of the `` Home and Family '' show taped at Universal Studios ! `` . EdenMakersBlog.com . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 20 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Sean Daly . `` ' Home & Family ' : What You Ca n't Say On Hallmark Channel Show ... And Why '' . TheTVPage.com . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Alex Weperin . `` Hallmark Channel Charts Post-Martha Stewart Plan with Marie Osmond , Home and Family '' . MediaBistro.com . Archived from the original on 24 March 2012 . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nellie Andreeva . `` Paige Davis Exits As Co-Host Of Hallmark 's ' Home & Family ' , Christina Ferrare To Fill In '' . Deadline.com . Retrieved 2017 - 02 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ; Evans , Greg ( June 21 , 2016 ) . `` Cristina Ferrare Out , Replaced By Debbie Matenopoulos As Co-Host Of Hallmark Channel 's Home & Family '' . Deadline.com . United States : Penske Media Corporation . Retrieved June 23 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Family Members '' . hallmarkchannel.com . Hallmark Channel . Retrieved November 7 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Official website </Li> <Li> The Home and Family Show on IMDb </Li> <Li> The Home and Family Show at TV.com </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Freeform original programming </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> History of Freeform </Li> <Li> Christian Broadcasting Network </Li> <Li> ABC Family Worldwide Inc . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original programming </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> 1990s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amateur Hour ( revival ) ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Big Brother Jake ( 1990 -- 1994 ) </Li> <Li> Donkey Kong Country ( 1997 -- 2000 ) </Li> <Li> Great Pretenders ( 1999 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Home and Family ( 1996 -- 1998 ) </Li> <Li> Maniac Mansion ( 1990 -- 1993 ) </Li> <Li> Monster Farm ( 1998 -- 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Ohh Nooo ! Mr. Bill Presents ( 1998 -- 1999 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 10 Things I Hate About You ( 2009 -- 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Beautiful People ( 2005 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Brat Camp ( 2005 -- 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Da Möb ( 2001 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Greek ( 2007 -- 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Knock First ( 2003 -- 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Kyle XY ( 2006 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Las Vegas Garden of Love ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Lincoln Heights ( 2007 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Make It or Break It ( 2009 -- 2012 ) </Li> <Li> The Middleman ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Power Rangers Dino Thunder ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Power Rangers Ninja Storm ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Power Rangers S.P.D. ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> Power Rangers Wild Force ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Roommates ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Ruby & The Rockits ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Scariest Places On Earth ( 2000 -- 2006 ) </Li> <Li> The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( 2008 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Slacker Cats ( 2007 -- 2009 ) </Li> <Li> So Little Time ( 2001 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> State of Grace ( 2001 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Switched ! ( 2003 -- 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Three Moons Over Milford ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Wildfire ( 2005 -- 2008 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2010s debuts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Baby Daddy ( 2012 -- 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Becoming Us ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Ben and Lauren : Happily Ever After ? ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Beverly Hills Nannies ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Bunheads ( 2012 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Chasing Life ( 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Dead of Summer ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Freak Out ( 2014 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Guilt ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Huge ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Jane by Design ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Job or No Job ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Kevin from Work ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> The Lying Game ( 2011 -- 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Melissa & Joey ( 2010 -- 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Mystery Girls ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Next Step Realty : NYC ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> The Nine Lives of Chloe King ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Pretty Little Liars ( 2010 -- 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Ravenswood ( 2013 -- 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Recovery Road ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Spell - Mageddon ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Startup U ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> State of Georgia ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Stitchers ( 2015 -- 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Switched at Birth ( 2011 -- 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Twisted ( 2013 -- 2014 ) </Li> <Li> The Vineyard ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Monica the Medium ( 2015 -- 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alone Together ( since 2018 ) </Li> <Li> Beyond ( since 2017 ) </Li> <Li> The Bold Type ( since 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Famous in Love ( since 2017 ) </Li> <Li> The Fosters ( since 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Grown - ish ( since 2018 ) </Li> <Li> Shadowhunters ( since 2016 ) </Li> <Li> Truth & Iliza ( since 2017 ) </Li> <Li> The Twins : Happily Ever After ? ( since 2017 ) </Li> <Li> Young & Hungry ( since 2014 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Upcoming </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cloak & Dagger ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> The Perfectionists ( TBA ) </Li> <Li> Siren ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 13 Nights of Halloween </Li> <Li> Freeform 's 25 Days of Christmas </Li> <Li> ABC Spark </Li> <Li> Jetix </Li> <Li> List of

The Hallmark Channel's "Home and Family" show is filmed in

Where is hallmark channel home and family filmed?

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Degrees of freedom ( mechanics ) - wikipedia <H1> Degrees of freedom ( mechanics ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about mechanics . For other fields , see Degrees of freedom . <P> In physics , the degree of freedom ( DOF ) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration . It is the number of parameters that determine the state of a physical system and is important to the analysis of systems of bodies in mechanical engineering , aeronautical engineering , robotics , and structural engineering ... </P> <P> The position of a single railcar ( engine ) moving along a track has one degree of freedom because the position of the car is defined by the distance along the track . A train of rigid cars connected by hinges to an engine still has only one degree of freedom because the positions of the cars behind the engine are constrained by the shape of the track . </P> <P> An automobile with highly stiff suspension can be considered to be a rigid body traveling on a plane ( a flat , two - dimensional space ) . This body has three independent degrees of freedom consisting of two components of translation and one angle of rotation . Skidding or drifting is a good example of an automobile 's three independent degrees of freedom . </P> <P> The position and orientation of a rigid body in space is defined by three components of translation and three components of rotation , which means that it has six degrees of freedom . </P> <P> The exact constraint mechanical design method manages the degrees of freedom to neither underconstrain nor overconstrain a device . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Motions and dimensions </Li> <Li> 2 Six degrees of freedom ( 6 DoF ) </Li> <Li> 3 Mobility formula <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Planar and spherical movement </Li> <Li> 3.2 Systems of bodies </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Electrical engineering </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Motions and dimensions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The position of an n - dimensional rigid body is defined by the rigid transformation , ( T ) = ( A , d ) , where d is an n - dimensional translation and A is an n × n rotation matrix , which has n translational degrees of freedom and n ( n − 1 ) / 2 rotational degrees of freedom . The number of rotational degrees of freedom comes from the dimension of the rotation group SO ( n ) . </P> <P> A non-rigid or deformable body may be thought of as a collection of many minute particles ( infinite number of DOFs ) , this is often approximated by a finite DOF system . When motion involving large displacements is the main objective of study ( e.g. for analyzing the motion of satellites ) , a deformable body may be approximated as a rigid body ( or even a particle ) in order to simplify the analysis . </P> <P> The degree of freedom of a system can be viewed as the minimum number of coordinates required to specify a configuration . Applying this definition , we have : </P> <Ol> <Li> For a single particle in a plane two coordinates define its location so it has two degrees of freedom ; </Li> <Li> A single particle in space requires three coordinates so it has three degrees of freedom ; </Li> <Li> Two particles in space have a combined six degrees of freedom ; </Li> <Li> If two particles in space are constrained to maintain a constant distance from each other , such as in the case of a diatomic molecule , then the six coordinates must satisfy a single constraint equation defined by the distance formula . This reduces the degree of freedom of the system to five , because the distance formula can be used to solve for the remaining coordinate once the other five are specified . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Six degrees of freedom ( 6 DOF ) ( edit ) </H2> The six degrees of freedom of movement of a ship Attitude degrees of freedom for an airplane Main article : Six degrees of freedom <P> The motion of a ship at sea has the six degrees of freedom of a rigid body , and is described as : </P> Translation and rotation : <Ol> <Li> Moving up and down ( elevating / heaving ) ; </Li> <Li> Moving left and right ( strafing / swaying ) ; </Li> <Li> Moving forward and backward ( walking / surging ) ; </Li> <Li> Swivels left and right ( yawing ) ; </Li> <Li> Tilts forward and backward ( pitching ) ; </Li> <Li> Pivots side to side ( rolling ) . </Li> </Ol> <P> See also Euler angles </P> <P> The trajectory of an airplane in flight has three degrees of freedom and its attitude along the trajectory has three degrees of freedom , for a total of six degrees of freedom . </P> <H2> Mobility formula ( edit ) </H2> <P> The mobility formula counts the number of parameters that define the configuration of a set of rigid bodies that are constrained by joints connecting these bodies . </P> <P> Consider a system of n rigid bodies moving in space has 6n degrees of freedom measured relative to a fixed frame . In order to count the degrees of freedom of this system , include the fixed body in the count of bodies , so that mobility is independent of the choice of the body that forms the fixed frame . Then the degree - of - freedom of the unconstrained system of N = n + 1 is </P> <Dl> <Dd> M = 6 n = 6 ( N − 1 ) , ( \ displaystyle M = 6n = 6 ( N - 1 ) , \ ! ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> because the fixed body has zero degrees of freedom relative to itself . </P> <P> Joints that connect bodies in this system remove degrees of freedom and reduce mobility . Specifically , hinges and sliders each impose five constraints and therefore remove five degrees of freedom . It is convenient to define the number of constraints c that a joint imposes in terms of the joint 's freedom f , where c = 6 − f . In the case of a hinge or slider , which are one degree of freedom joints , have f = 1 and therefore c = 6 − 1 = 5 . </P> <P> The result is that the mobility of a system formed from n moving links and j joints each with freedom f , i = 1 , ... , j , is given by </P> <Dl> <Dd> M = 6 n − ∑ i = 1 j ( 6 − f i ) = 6 ( N − 1 − j ) + ∑ i = 1 j f i ( \ displaystyle M = 6n - \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ ( 6 - f_ ( i ) ) = 6 ( N - 1 - j ) + \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Recall that N includes the fixed link . </P> <P> There are two important special cases : ( i ) a simple open chain , and ( ii ) a simple closed chain . A single open chain consists of n moving links connected end to end by n joints , with one end connected to a ground link . Thus , in this case N = j + 1 and the mobility of the chain is </P> <Dl> <Dd> M = ∑ i = 1 j f i ( \ displaystyle M = \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> For a simple closed chain , n moving links are connected end - to - end by n + 1 joints such that the two ends are connected to the ground link forming a loop . In this case , we have N = j and the mobility of the chain is </P> <Dl> <Dd> M = ∑ i = 1 j f i − 6 ( \ displaystyle M = \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) - 6 ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> An example of a simple open chain is a serial robot manipulator . These robotic systems are constructed from a series of links connected by six one degree - of - freedom revolute or prismatic joints , so the system has six degrees of freedom . </P> <P> An example of a simple closed chain is the RSSR spatial four - bar linkage . The sum of the freedom of these joints is eight , so the mobility of the linkage is two , where one of the degrees of freedom is the rotation of the coupler around the line joining the two S joints . </P> <H3> Planar and spherical movement ( edit ) </H3> <P> It is common practice to design the linkage system so that the movement of all of the bodies are constrained to lie on parallel planes , to form what is known as a planar linkage . It is also possible to construct the linkage system so that all of the bodies move on concentric spheres , forming a spherical linkage . In both cases , the degrees of freedom of the links in each system is now three rather than six , and the constraints imposed by joints are now c = 3 − f . </P> <P> In this case , the mobility formula is given by </P> <Dl> <Dd> M = 3 ( N − 1 − j ) + ∑ i = 1 j f i , ( \ displaystyle M = 3 ( N - 1 - j ) + \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) , ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> and the special cases become </P> <Ul> <Li> planar or spherical simple open chain , </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> M = ∑ i = 1 j f i , ( \ displaystyle M = \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) , ) </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> planar or spherical simple closed chain , </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> M = ∑ i = 1 j f i − 3 . ( \ displaystyle M = \ sum _ ( i = 1 ) ^ ( j ) \ f_ ( i ) - 3 . ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> An example of a planar simple closed chain is the planar four - bar linkage , which is a four - bar loop with four one degree - of - freedom joints and therefore has mobility M = 1 . </P> <H3> Systems of bodies ( edit ) </H3> An articulated robot with six DOF in a kinematic chain . <P> A system with several bodies would have a combined DOF that is the sum of the DOFs of the bodies , less the internal constraints they may have on relative motion . A mechanism or linkage containing a number of connected rigid bodies may have more than the degrees of freedom for a single rigid body . Here the term degrees of freedom is used to describe the number of parameters needed to specify the spatial pose of a linkage . </P> <P> A specific type of linkage is the open kinematic chain , where a set of rigid links are connected at joints ; a joint may provide one DOF ( hinge / sliding ) , or two ( cylindrical ) . Such chains occur commonly

The number of degrees of freedom for a plane mechanism is

Number of degree of freedom for plane mechanism?

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Pure Country - wikipedia <H1> Pure Country </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pure Country </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Christopher Cain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Jerry Weintraub </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Rex McGee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> George Strait </Li> <Li> Lesley Ann Warren </Li> <Li> Isabel Glasser </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Steve Dorff </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Richard Bowen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Jack Hofstra </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> October 23 , 1992 ( 1992 - 10 - 23 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 112 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $10,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $15,164,458 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Pure Country is a 1992 American dramatic musical western film directed by Christopher Cain and starring George Strait in his acting debut , with Lesley Ann Warren , Isabel Glasser and Kyle Chandler . The film was considered a box office bomb , however , the soundtrack was a critical success and , to date , is Strait 's best selling album . The film was followed by two direct - to - video sequels , Pure Country 2 : The Gift ( 2010 ) and Pure Country : Pure Heart ( 2017 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Box office </Li> <Li> 5 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 6 Sequels </Li> <Li> 7 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film begins with various shots of the audience chanting `` Dusty ! '' , which is repeated throughout . Meanwhile , the band begins , as the smoke and the lights are turned on , we see Wyatt `` Dusty '' Chandler ( George Strait ) entering the stage , and performing `` Heartland '' , `` Baby Your Baby '' , and a shortened version of `` Where the Sidewalk Ends '' . Dusty feels that his elaborate stage show is overwhelming his music , a suspicion confirmed one night when he purposely forgets several bars of a chart - topping hit and his fans do n't even notice . Disillusioned , Dusty walks off after the concert without telling his manager , Lula ( Lesley Ann Warren ) . The only person he tells is his best friend and drummer , Earl ( John Doe ) , and that he is `` taking a walk , '' but does not say exactly where he is going or for how long . Dusty is singing a blurry version of `` Where the Sidewalk Ends '' . In a down home bar , we see Al ( Mark Walters ) . Dusty had breakfast with the Tucker family during this scene . </P> <P> After shaving his beard and cutting off his ponytail , Dusty heads for the small farm town where he grew up , visiting his wise old grandmother ( Molly McClure ) and ending up at the ranch of the Tucker family , where nobody recognizes him . He stays on at the ranch , paying room and board and taking roping lessons , all the while earning the respect of owner Ernest ( Rory Calhoun ) and falling in love with Ernest 's granddaughter , Harley ( Isabel Glasser ) , a woman determined to save the struggling spread with victory in a Las Vegas rodeo . They were both fighting in the rain outside . </P> <P> Meanwhile , we see the same crowd from the film 's beginning , as we see Lula putting her boyfriend Buddy Jackson ( Kyle Chandler ) into Dusty 's outfit by showing the voice on tape , and he was lip - syncing to it , he returns to the stage . He demands that his stage shows be toned down , without all the smoke and elaborate lighting of which he had grown weary . His first appearance after his `` vacation '' is in Las Vegas at the same time as the rodeo Harley Tucker is competing in . He writes a special love song just for her and arranges for her and her family to have front - row seats to the concert . True to his wishes , he does the show without all the smoke and the lights and sits on the edge of the stage , playing guitar and singing `` I Cross My Heart , '' which wins him Harley 's love . The film ends with the two hugging at the edge of the stage , and then the credits roll with the song `` She Lays it All on the Line '' . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> George Strait as Wyatt `` Dusty '' Chandler </Li> <Li> Lesley Ann Warren as Lula Rogers </Li> <Li> Isabel Glasser as Harley Tucker </Li> <Li> Kyle Chandler as Buddy Jackson </Li> <Li> John Doe as Earl Blackstock </Li> <Li> Rory Calhoun as Ernest Tucker </Li> <Li> Molly McClure as Grandma Ivy Chandler </Li> <Li> Mark Walters as Al </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Pure Country was filmed in 1991 throughout Texas , but mostly in Maypearl . </P> <P> The graveyard scene was shot at Cresson Cemetery in Cresson , Texas , and the concert sequences were filmed at concert venues in Fort Worth , including North Side Coliseum . </P> <P> The bar scenes where Dusty meets Harley were filmed at Western Kountry Klub , located between Midlothian and Mansfield Tx . </P> <H2> Box office ( edit ) </H2> <P> Despite Strait 's super-star status in the music world , Pure Country only grossed just over $15 million at the box office . </P> <P> Although the expectations had been higher for Strait 's first major film role , this did not stop the soundtrack album from becoming the best - selling of Strait 's career to date . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film also received mainly negative reviews upon its release , but critics responded nicely to certain aspects of the film . It currently has a score of 38 % on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 21 reviews , with an average rating of 4.7 out of 10 , and a 91 % audience approval . </P> <P> On the television program Siskel and Ebert in 1992 , film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert both gave the film a `` Two thumbs down '' rating , but their reviews were more mixed than negative . Both praised George Strait 's performance citing it was very good , and he was a convincing actor in the lead , especially considering the challenges of a singer becoming an actor , and they both enjoyed Isabel Glasser 's performance , but felt the film was undermined by a hokey story , and no moments for satire which would have made the film better . </P> <P> Film critic Leonard Maltin , in the book Leonard Maltin 's Movie and Video Guide , also gave the film a mainly negative but somewhat mixed review , giving it two stars out of four and saying : `` This Strait showcase is mostly pure tedium , though the film picks up some in hour two with the appearance of Glasser , and Rory Calhoun as her father '' . </P> <H2> Sequels ( edit ) </H2> <P> A sequel to Pure Country , Pure Country 2 : The Gift was released on October 15 , 2010 . Pure Country 2 : The Gift has no storyline connection to the original movie written by Rex McGee . Instead , it focuses on a young woman 's struggles to become a country singer . George Strait appears as himself , but not as a central character of the film . </P> <P> A second sequel titled , Pure Country : Pure Heart is schedule for a direct - to - video release on August 1 , 2017 . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> See Pure Country ( album ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Hollywood Country : ' Pure Country ' '' . The Boot. 2013 - 08 - 07 . Retrieved 2016 - 02 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pure Country ( 1992 ) '' . Box Office Mojo. 1992 - 12 - 22 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` George Strait Music Videos , Pictures and Photos including Farewell Tour , All My Ex 's Live In Texas , Making the Album - Troubadour Music Videos on Yallwire '' . Yallwire.com . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 20 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Pure Country '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved March 9 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ CMT News . `` George Strait Will Have Limited Role in New Film , A Pure Country Gift '' . MTV Networks . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 15 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Pure Country </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Pure Country on IMDb </Li> <Li> Pure Country at AllMovie </Li> <Li> Pure Country at Rotten Tomatoes </Li> <Li> Pure Country at the TCM Movie Database </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Films directed by Christopher Cain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Sixth and Main ( 1977 ) </Li> <Li> The Stone Boy ( 1984 ) </Li> <Li> That Was Then ... This Is Now ( 1985 ) </Li> <Li> Where the River Runs Black ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> The Principal ( 1987 ) </Li> <Li> Young Guns ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> Wheels of Terror ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Pure Country ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> The Next Karate Kid ( 1994 ) </Li> <Li> The Amazing Panda Adventure ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Rose Hill ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Gone Fishin ' ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> A Father 's Choice ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> September Dawn ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> Pure Country 2 : The Gift ( 2010 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pure_Country&oldid=792617355 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> English - language films </Li> <Li> 1992 films </Li> <Li> 1990s drama films </Li> <Li> American romantic drama films </Li> <Li> American films </Li> <Li> Country music films </Li> <Li> Films shot in Texas </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. films </Li> <Li> Films directed by Christopher Cain </Li> <Li> Neo-Western films </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Film articles using image size parameter </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Wikiquote </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 July 2017

In the movie Pure Country, the role of Dusty is played by

Who plays dusty in the movie pure country?

8159795880368787940

List of dates for Easter - wikipedia <H1> List of dates for Easter </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Dates for Easter in the past and coming 20 years ( 1998 -- 2038 in Gregorian dates ) <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Western </Th> <Th> Eastern </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1998 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 12 </Td> <Td> April 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1999 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 4 </Td> <Td> April 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2000 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 23 </Td> <Td> April 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2002 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 31 </Td> <Td> May 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2003 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 20 </Td> <Td> April 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2005 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 27 </Td> <Td> May 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2006 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 16 </Td> <Td> April 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2007 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2008 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 23 </Td> <Td> April 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2009 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 12 </Td> <Td> April 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2011 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2012 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 8 </Td> <Td> April 15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2013 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 31 </Td> <Td> May 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2014 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2015 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 5 </Td> <Td> April 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2016 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 27 </Td> <Td> May 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2017 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2018 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 1 </Td> <Td> April 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2019 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 21 </Td> <Td> April 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2020 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 12 </Td> <Td> April 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2021 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 4 </Td> <Td> May 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2022 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 17 </Td> <Td> April 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2023 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 9 </Td> <Td> April 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2024 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 31 </Td> <Td> May 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2025 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2026 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 5 </Td> <Td> April 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2027 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 28 </Td> <Td> May 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2028 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2029 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 1 </Td> <Td> April 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2030 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 21 </Td> <Td> April 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2031 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2032 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 28 </Td> <Td> May 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2033 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 17 </Td> <Td> April 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2034 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2035 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> March 25 </Td> <Td> April 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2036 </Th> <Td colspan="1"> April 13 </Td> <Td> April 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2037 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2038 </Th> <Td colspan="2"> April 25 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> This is a list of dates for Easter . The Easter dates also affect when Ash Wednesday , Good Friday , Holy Saturday , Maundy Thursday , the Ascension of the Lord and Pentecost occur . Easter may occur on different dates in the Gregorian Calendar and the Julian Calendar . The accompanying table provides both sets of dates , for recent decades and forthcoming years -- see the computus article for more details on the calculation . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Earliest Easter <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Western ( Gregorian ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Orthodox ( Julian ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Latest Easter <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Western ( Gregorian ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Orthodox ( Julian ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Western and Orthodox Easter on the same date </Li> <Li> 4 Range of dates for Western and Orthodox Easter </Li> <Li> 5 Public holidays </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Earliest Easter ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Western ( Gregorian ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1818 the Paschal Full Moon fell on Saturday , March 21 ( the equinox ) . Therefore , the following day , March 22 , was Easter . It will not fall as early again until 2285 , a span of 467 years . The next earliest Easter between 1818 and 2285 ( March 23 ) occurred in 1845 , 1856 , 1913 and 2008 , and will occur again in 2160 -- a 11 , 57 , 95 and 152 - year gap , respectively . </P> <H3> Orthodox ( Julian ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The earliest dates for Easter in the Eastern Orthodox Church between 1875 and 2099 are April 4 , 1915 and April 4 , 2010 ( Gregorian ) . Both dates are equivalent to March 22 in the Julian Calendar . </P> <H2> Latest Easter ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Western ( Gregorian ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1943 Easter fell on Sunday , April 25 . The ecclesiastical full moon did not occur until Saturday , March 20 ; because it came before the vernal equinox , the paschal full moon did not happen until Sunday , April 18 . Consequently , Easter was the following Sunday ( April 25 ) . Easter will not fall as late again until 2038 -- a span of 95 years . The second latest date for Easter , April 24 , occurred in 2011 . The latter occurred in 1859 and will not happen again until 2095 -- 152 and 84 years , respectively . However between years 5121 and 6482 , Easter will be no later than April 24 . </P> <H3> Orthodox ( Julian ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The latest dates for Orthodox Easter between 1875 and 2099 are May 8 , 1983 , and May 8 , 2078 ( Gregorian ) . Both dates are equivalent to April 25 in the Julian Calendar . Orthodox Easter has never fallen on Gregorian May 7 yet ; it will happen in 2051 unless these churches change to another calendar . </P> <H2> Western and Orthodox Easter on the same date ( edit ) </H2> <P> Despite using calendars that are apart by 13 days , Easter 2014 fell on the same date . According to the Western ( Gregorian ) calendar , the first Paschal Full Moon after the Spring Equinox ( March 20 ) fell on Monday , April 14 , 2014 . The following Sunday , April 20 , was , therefore , Easter Day . </P> <P> According to the Orthodox ( Julian ) calendar ( which is 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar ) , the Spring Equinox also falls on March 21 . However , in the Gregorian Calendar , this is April 3 . The first Orthodox Full Moon after the Equinox falls on ( Julian ) Tuesday , April 2 , 2014 ( Gregorian April 15 ) . The following Sunday , ( Julian ) April 7 , is , therefore , Easter Day ( Gregorian April 20 ) . </P> <H2> Range of dates for Western and Orthodox Easter ( edit ) </H2> <P> Both calendars ( Gregorian and Julian ) calculate Easter as falling on dates between March 22 and April 25 on their calendars . However , because of the 13 - day difference , any member of an Orthodox church would observe that the Western Easter falls between March 10 and April 12 on the Julian calendar . Conversely , any member of a Western church would observe that Orthodox Easter falls between April 4 and May 8 on the Gregorian calendar . </P> <P> Beginning March 14 , 2100 ( February 29 , 2100 , in the Julian Calendar ) , the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars will increase to 14 days . </P> <H2> Public holidays ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion with : details of Easter holidays in other countries ; this section currently only mentions those with a four - day weekend . You can help by adding to it . ( April 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In Hungary , the United Kingdom except Scotland , Australia , Canada , South Africa , Germany , Switzerland and New Zealand , Easter comprises two public holidays , Good Friday and Easter Monday , making a four - day weekend . The moveable date of Easter sometimes brings it into conflict with other , fixed , public holidays . </P> <Ul> <Li> In the United Kingdom in 2000 and 2011 , the May Day bank holiday was one week after Easter Monday , causing there to be three consecutive weeks with a bank holiday . ( In Scotland this did not occur as Easter Monday is not a bank holiday . ) In 2011 , a bank holiday was declared on Friday 29 April for the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton ; consequently there were four bank holidays within three consecutive calendar weeks ( including two in one week ) , creating two consecutive four - day weekends ( Friday 22 -- Monday 25 April and Friday 29 April -- Monday 2 May ) , with a three - day working week in between ( Tuesday 26 -- Thursday 28 April ) . </Li> <Li> In Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland in 2008 , Saint Patrick 's Day ( Monday 17 March ) fell six days before Easter ( Sunday 23 March ) , creating a three - day week ( Tuesday 18 -- Thursday 20 March ) . This will next happen in 2035 , when Saint Patrick 's day falls on Saturday , so the public holiday is moved forward to the following Monday 19 March , again six days before Easter . <Ul> <Li> Note that in the Catholic liturgical calendar , saints ' feasts are not observed when they fall during Holy Week ; this caused Saint Patrick not to appear in the liturgical calendar for 2008 ; 17 March was simply celebrated as Holy Monday . In Ireland , the Church chose to celebrate Saint Patrick on Saturday 15 March instead . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> In Australia , ANZAC Day is a public holiday on 25 April . In 2000 and 2011 , this created a five - day weekend over Easter : in 2000 , Easter Monday fell on 24 April , with Easter Tuesday , 25 April , then being ANZAC Day ; in 2011 , ANZAC Day and Easter Monday coincided on Monday 25 April , which led to a substitute public holiday being declared for Tuesday 26 April . In 2003 and 2014 , ANZAC Day fell on Easter Friday , and in 2019 it will fall on Easter Thursday , and in 2038 it will fall on Easter Sunday ; the consequence is three - day working weeks immediately following the Easter weekend . </Li> </Ul> <P> Easter is not a federal holiday in the United States . In North Carolina , however , it was a public holiday from 1935 to 1987 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Royal Wedding Bank Holiday in the United Kingdom '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Irish bishops move St. Patrick 's Day 2008 over conflict with Holy Week '' . Catholic News Agency . July 19 , 2007 . Retrieved April 1 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/australia/2011.php </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Easter Monday in the United States '' . TimeandDate.com . Retrieved October 25 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> http://tlarsen2.tripod.com/thomaslarsen/easterdates.html -- has a much larger list of dates </Li> <Li> A chronology since Council Nicaea `` Date of Easter Sunday '' Father Kevin Michael Laughery , as observed by

The last Easter to fall on April 1st was in

When was the last easter that fell on april 1st?

-7121343730302515106

The Passion of the Christ - wikipedia <H1> The Passion of the Christ </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the film . For the passions of Jesus Christ , see Passion of Jesus . For the set of paintings , see The Passion of Christ ( Strasbourg ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Passion of the Christ </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Mel Gibson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bruce Davey </Li> <Li> Mel Gibson </Li> <Li> Stephen McEveety </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mel Gibson </Li> <Li> Benedict Fitzgerald </Li> <Li> Translation : </Li> <Li> William Fulco </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> The Passion in the New Testament of the Bible and The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ by Anne Catherine Emmerich </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jim Caviezel </Li> <Li> Monica Bellucci </Li> <Li> Claudia Gerini </Li> <Li> Maia Morgenstern </Li> <Li> Sergio Rubini </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> John Debney </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Caleb Deschanel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Wright </Li> <Li> Steve Mirkovich </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Icon Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Newmarket Films </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> February 25 , 2004 ( 2004 - 02 - 25 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 127 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Aramaic </Li> <Li> Latin </Li> <Li> Hebrew </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $30 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $611.9 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Passion of the Christ ( also known simply as The Passion ) is a 2004 American biblical drama film directed by Mel Gibson , written by Gibson and Benedict Fitzgerald , and starring Jim Caviezel as Jesus Christ , Maia Morgenstern as the Virgin Mary and Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene . It depicts the Passion of Jesus largely according to the Gospels of Matthew , Mark , Luke and John . It also draws on pious accounts such as the Friday of Sorrows along with other devotional writings , such as the reputed Marian apparitions attributed to Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich . </P> <P> The film primarily covers the final twelve hours of Jesus ' life , beginning with the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane , the insomnia and grievance of the Blessed Virgin Mary , the brutal scourge and crucifixion , ending with a brief depiction of his resurrection . </P> <P> The film has been controversial and received largely mixed reviews , with some critics finding the extreme violence distracting and excessive , as well as claiming that the film subliminally promoted antisemitism . The film grossed $612 million worldwide during its theatrical release . It received three Academy Award nominations in 2005 and remains the highest grossing non-English language film of all time . It is also the fifth highest grossing R - rated film worldwide ( after Deadpool , The Matrix Reloaded , It , and Logan ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Themes </Li> <Li> 4 Source material <Ul> <Li> 4.1 New Testament </Li> <Li> 4.2 Tanakh </Li> <Li> 4.3 Traditional iconography and stories </Li> <Li> 4.4 Catholic devotional writings </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Differences from traditional Passion story </Li> <Li> 6 Production <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Script and language </Li> <Li> 6.2 Filming </Li> <Li> 6.3 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Post-production <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Title change </Li> <Li> 7.2 Distribution and marketing </Li> <Li> 7.3 Evangelical support </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Release <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 8.2 Theatrical re-release </Li> <Li> 8.3 Home media </Li> <Li> 8.4 Television broadcast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Reception <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 9.2 Independent promotion and discussion </Li> <Li> 9.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Questions of historical and biblical accuracy </Li> <Li> 10.2 Disputed papal endorsement </Li> <Li> 10.3 Allegations of antisemitism </Li> <Li> 10.4 Criticism of excessive violence </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Sequel </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the late hours of night at the forested garden of Gethsemane , Jesus Christ ( Caviezel ) , at the height of his cause , prays while his disciples Peter , James , and John ( James 's brother ) sleep . After he wakes them and tells them to pray , Jesus walks to a secluded portion of the forest wherein during his prayer , Satan appears in a hooded ghost - like androgynous , albino form , and tempts him with reasonable doubt , stating - `` it is not right for one man to die for their ( humanity 's ) sins . '' Ignoring it and praying on , Jesus ' sweat turns into blood and drips to the ground while a snake emerges from Satan 's guise . Jesus hears his disciples call out for him , and he rebukes Satan by crushing the snake 's head with his heel , and Satan vanishes . </P> <P> Meanwhile , Judas Iscariot , another of Jesus ' disciples , having received a bribe of thirty pieces of silver , leads a group of temple guards to the forest and betrays Jesus ( by confirmation of his identity ) with a simple kiss on the cheek . As the armed guards move in to arrest Jesus , Peter draws his dagger and slashes off the ear of Malchus , one of the guards and a servant of the high priest Caiaphas . Jesus , in turn , heals the ear as he reprimands Peter for his actions . As the disciples flee , the guards secure Jesus , and beat him during the journey to the Sanhedrin . </P> <P> John informs Mary , mother of Jesus and Mary Magdalene of the arrest , while Peter follows Jesus and his captors at a distance . Caiaphas holds trial over the objection of some of the other priests , who are expelled from the court . When questioned by Caiaphas if he is the Son of God , Jesus replies , `` I am '' . A horrified Caiaphas tears his robes in outrage and Jesus is condemned to death for blasphemy . Peter , secretly watching , is confronted by the surrounding mob for being a follower of Jesus , and he angrily denies this three times . But after cursing at the mob during the third denial , a sobbing Peter flees after remembering that Jesus had foretold this coping of a defense . At the same time , a guilt - ridden Judas attempts to return the money he was paid to have Jesus freed , but is refused by the priests . Tormented by demons , he flees the city , finds solitude . By sunrise , he hangs himself from a tree with a rope he finds on a decaying donkey corpse . </P> <P> Caiaphas brings Jesus before Pontius Pilate to be condemned to death , but after questioning Jesus and finding no fault , a sympathetic Pilate instead relays him to the court of Herod Antipas , as Jesus is from Antipas ' ruling town of Nazareth , Galilee . After Jesus is again found not guilty and returned , Pilate offers the crowd options for either him to chastise Jesus , or release him . He then attempts to have Jesus freed by the peoples ' choice , between Jesus and a violent criminal Barabbas . To his dismay and anger , the crowd demands to have Barabbas freed and Jesus killed . In an attempt to appease the moment , Pilate orders that he simply be punished but not killed . Jesus is brutally scourged , abused , and mocked by the Roman guards as `` king of the Jews '' with a crown of thorns until Abenader , the general , angrily stops them . However , Caiaphas , with the crowds ' verbal backing , continues to demand that Jesus be crucified as a heretic and Barabbas released . Admonished , Pilate washes his hands , takes no responsibility of the incident , and reluctantly orders Jesus ' crucifixion . During the course of events , Satan watches Jesus ' bloody sufferings with great interest . A dismayed Pilate watches the march , while his wife Claudia , who knows of Jesus ' status as a holy man , comforts him . </P> <P> As Jesus labors to carry a heavy wooden cross along the Via Dolorosa to Calvary , a woman avoids the escort of soldiers , and wipes Jesus ' face with her veil . Jesus is beaten and pressed by the guards until the unwilling Simon of Cyrene is forced into carrying the cross with him . At the end of their travel , with his mother Mary , Mary Magdalene , and others witnessing , Jesus is crucified . The very act seems to affect the weather conditions of the earth itself . </P> <P> Hanging from the cross , Jesus prays to God asking forgiveness for the people who did this to him , and redeems a criminal as a saint who is crucified beside him . Succumbing to impending death , Jesus gives up his spirit and dies . A single droplet of rain falls from the sky to the ground , triggering a sudden earthquake which destroys the temple and rips the cloth covering the Holy of Holies in two , to the horror of Caiaphas and the other priests . Satan is shown screaming in agonized defeat . Jesus ' lifeless body is taken down from the cross , and entombed . In the end , the healed body of Jesus rises from the dead and exits the tomb resurrected . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jim Caviezel as Jesus Christ </Li> <Li> Maia Morgenstern as Mary </Li> <Li> Hristo Zhivkov as John </Li> <Li> Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene </Li> <Li> Francesco De Vito as Peter </Li> <Li> Mattia Sbragia as Caiphas </Li> <Li> Toni Bertorelli as Annas ben Seth </Li> <Li> Luca Lionello as Judas Iscariot </Li> <Li> Hristo Shopov as Pontius Pilate </Li> <Li> Rosalinda Celentano as Satan </Li> <Li> Claudia Gerini as Claudia Procles </Li> <Li> Fabio Sartor as Abenader </Li> <Li> Luca De Dominicis as Herod Ántipas </Li> <Li> Chokri Ben Zagden as James </Li> <Li> Jarreth Merz as Simon of Cyrene </Li> <Li> Sergio Rubini as Dismas </Li> <Li> Francesco Cabras as Gesmas </Li> <Li> Giovanni Capalbo as Cassius </Li> <Li> Roberto Bestazoni as Malchus </Li> <Li> Sabrina Impacciatore as Seraphia </Li> <Li> Pietro Sarubbi as Barabbas </Li> <Li> Matt Patresi as Janus </Li> <Li> Ted Rusoff as Chief Elder </Li> <Li> Giacinto Ferro as Joseph of Arimathea </Li> <Li> Aleksander Mincer as Nicodemus </Li> </Ul> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> In The Passion : Photography from the Movie `` The Passion of the Christ '' , director Mel Gibson says : `` This is a movie about love , hope , faith and forgiveness . He ( Jesus ) died for all mankind , suffered for all of us . It 's time to get back to that basic message . The world has gone nuts . We could all use a little more love , faith , hope and forgiveness . '' </P> <H2> Source material ( edit ) </H2> <H3> New Testament ( edit ) </H3> <P> According to Mel Gibson , the primary source material for The Passion of

The film "The Passion of the Christ" was released in

When did the passion of the christ come out?

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Assyrian captivity - wikipedia <H1> Assyrian captivity </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Israelite diaspora '' redirects here . For modern expats originating in the State of Israel , see Yerida . Deportation of the Northern Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrian Empire . <P> The Assyrian captivity ( or the Assyrian exile ) is the period in the history of Ancient Israel and Judah during which several thousand Israelites of ancient Samaria were resettled as captives by Assyria . The Northern Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs , Tiglath - Pileser III ( Pul ) and Shalmaneser V . The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor , Sennacherib , were responsible for finishing the twenty - year demise of Israel 's northern ten - tribe kingdom , although they did not overtake the Southern Kingdom . Jerusalem was besieged , but not taken . The tribes forcibly resettled by Assyria later became known as the Ten Lost Tribes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Biblical account </Li> <Li> 2 Assyrian cuneiform </Li> <Li> 3 Return </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Biblical account ( edit ) </H2> <P> The captivities began in approximately 740 BCE ( or 733 / 2 BCE according to other sources ) . </P> <P> And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria , and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria , and he carried them away , even the Reubenites , and the Gadites , and the half tribe of Manasseh , and brought them unto Halah , and Habor , and Hara , and to the river Gozan , unto this day . ( 1 Chronicles 5 : 26 ) </P> <P> In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria , and he took Ijon , and Abelbethmaachah , and Janoah , and Kedesh , and Hazor , and Gilead , and Galilee , all the land of Naphtali , and carried them captive to Assyria. ( 2 Kings 15 : 29 ) </P> <P> In 722 BCE , nearly ten to twenty years after the initial deportations , the ruling city of the Northern Kingdom of Israel , Samaria , was finally taken by Sargon II after a three - year siege started by Shalmaneser V . </P> <P> Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria ; and Hoshea became his servant , and gave him presents . </P> <P> And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea : for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt , and brought no present to the king of Assyria , as he had done year by year : therefore the king of Assyria shut him up , and bound him in prison . Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land , and went up to Samaria , and besieged it three years . </P> In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria , and carried Israel away into Assyria , and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan , and in the cities of the Medes. ( 2 Kings 17 : 3 -- 6 ) <P> And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan , and in the cities of the Medes : because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God , but transgressed his covenant , and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded and would not hear them , nor do them . ( 2 Kings 18 : 11 -- 12 ) </P> <P> The term `` cities of the Medes '' mentioned above may be a corruption from an original text `` Mountains of Media '' . </P> <P> The Book of Kings states several times that the entire people of the Kingdom of Israel had been taken into exile by the Assyrians . Some believe that the Books of Chronicles information about the fate of the Northern Kingdom adds up differently . What is often cited is 2nd Chronicles , Chapter 15 , which mentions that there had been people from the hill - country cities of Ephraim and Manasseh who were captured by the Judean king , Asa of Judah . And Asa , sojourning among the Judean kingdom population , returned practicing the Hebrew belief . However , this is a mis - characterization of the events . Since those scriptures clearly declare that it was at a time when the Northern Kingdom was still intact , this happened in an era before the Assyrian Captivity . </P> <P> And when Asa heard these words , even the prophecy of Oded the prophet , he took courage , and put away the detestable things out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin , and out of the cities which he had taken from the hill - country of Ephraim ; and he renewed the altar of the LORD , that was before the porch of the LORD . </P> <P> And he gathered all Judah and Benjamin , and them that sojourned with them out of Ephraim and Manasseh , and out of Simeon ; for they fell to him out of Israel in abundance , when they saw that the LORD his God was with him . </P> So they gathered themselves together at Jerusalem in the third month , in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa. ( 2 Chronicles 15 : 8 -- 10 ) <P> According to 2nd Chronicles , Chapter 30 , there is evidence that at least some people of the Northern Kingdom of Israel were not exiled . These were invited by king Hezekiah to keep the Passover in a feast at Jerusalem with the Judean population . ( The holiday was set one month forward from its original date . ) Hezekiah sent his posts to spread the word among the remnant of the Northern kingdom ; the posts were mocked during their visit to the country of Ephraim , Manasseh and Zebulun . However , some people of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem . In a later part of the chapter , even people from the Tribe of Issachar and the strangers that `` came out from the land of Israel '' were said to take part in the passover event . Biblical scholars such as Umberto Cassuto and Elia Samuele Artom claimed that Hezekiah might have annexed these territories , in which inhabitants of the Kingdom of Israel remained , into his own kingdom . </P> <P> And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah , and wrote letters also to Ephraim and Manasseh , that they should come to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem , to keep the passover unto the LORD , the God of Israel . ( 2 Chronicles 30 : 1 ) </P> <P> So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all Israel , from Beer - sheba even to Dan , that they should come to keep the passover unto the LORD , the God of Israel , at Jerusalem ; for they had not kept it in great numbers accordingly , as it is written . </P> <P> So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah , according to the commandment of the king , saying : ' Ye children of Israel , turn back unto the LORD , the God of Abraham , Isaac , and Israel , that He may return to the remnant that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria . And be ye not like your fathers and like your brethren who acted treacherously against the LORD , the God of their fathers , so that He delivered them to desolation , as ye see . Now be ye not stiffnecked as your fathers were , but yield yourselves unto the LORD and enter into His sanctuary which He hath sanctified for ever ; and serve the LORD your God that His fierce anger may turn away from you . </P> For if ye turn back unto the LORD , your brethren and your children shall find compassion before them that led them captive , and shall come back into this land ; for the LORD your God is gracious and merciful , and will not turn away His face from you if ye return unto Him . ' ( 2 Chronicles 30 : 5 -- 9 ) <P> So the posts passed from city to city through the country of Ephraim and Manasseh , even unto Zebulun ; but they laughed them to scorn , and mocked them . Nevertheless certain men of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves , and came to Jerusalem . ( 2 Chronicles 30 : 11 -- 12 ) </P> <P> For a multitude of the people , even many of Ephraim and Manasseh , Issachar and Zebulun , had not cleansed themselves , yet did they eat the passover otherwise than it is written . For Hezekiah had prayed for them , saying : ' The good LORD pardon ... ' ( 2 Chronicles 30 : 18 ) </P> <P> And all the congregation of Judah , with the priests and the Levites , and all the congregation that came out of Israel , and the strangers that came out of the land of Israel , and that dwelt in Judah , rejoiced . So there was great joy in Jerusalem ; for since the time of Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in Jerusalem . ( 2 Chronicles 30 : 25 -- 26 ) </P> <P> In 2nd Chronicles , Chapter 31 , it is said that the remnant of the Kingdom of Israel returned to their homes , but not before destroying Ba'al and Ashera places of Idol worship left in `` all Judah and Benjamin , in Ephraim also and Manasseh '' . </P> <P> Now when all this was finished , all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah , and broke in pieces the pillars , and hewed down the Asherim , and broke down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin , in Ephraim also and Manasseh , until they had destroyed them all . Then all the children of Israel returned , every man to his possession , into their own cities . ( 2 Chronicles 31 : 1 ) </P> <H2> Assyrian cuneiform ( edit ) </H2> <P> Assyrian cuneiform states that 27,290 captives were taken from Samaria , the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel , by the hand of Sargon II . </P> <P> Sargon records his first campaign on the walls of the royal palace at Dur - Sharrukin ( Khorsabad ) : </P> <P> In my first year of reign * * * the people of Samaria * * * to the number of 27,290 ... I carried away . </P> <P> Fifty chariots for my royal equipment I selected . The city I rebuilt . I made it greater than it was before . </P> People of the lands I had conquered I settled therein . My official ( Tartan ) I placed over them as governor . ( L. ii. 4 . ) <P> The description of the final defeat of the Northern Kingdom of Israel above appears to be a minor event in Sargon 's legacy . Some historians attribute the ease of Israel 's defeat to the previous two decades of invasions , defeats , and deportations . </P> <P> Some estimates assume a captivity numbering in the hundreds of thousands , minus those who died in defense of the kingdom and minus those who fled voluntarily

In 722 BCE, the Assyrians conquered

Who did the assyrians conquer in 722 bce?

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River Irk - wikipedia <H1> River Irk </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Irk '' redirects here . For other uses , see Irk ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> River Irk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - location </Td> <Td> Royton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mouth </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - location </Td> <Td> River Irwell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - coordinates </Td> <Td> 53 ° 29 ′ 12.93 '' N 2 ° 14 ′ 42.13 '' W  /  53.4869250 ° N 2.2450361 ° W  / 53.4869250 ; - 2.2450361 Coordinates : 53 ° 29 ′ 12.93 '' N 2 ° 14 ′ 42.13 '' W  /  53.4869250 ° N 2.2450361 ° W  / 53.4869250 ; - 2.2450361 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location of the mouth within Greater Manchester </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The River Irk is a river in North West England that flows through the northern suburbs and towns of Greater Manchester . </P> <P> It rises to the east of Royton and runs west past Chadderton , Middleton and Blackley before merging with the River Irwell in Manchester city centre . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Tributaries </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Historically , the Irk was also known as Iwrck or the Irke , names thought to have been derived from the Roebuck , suggesting that at one time it was a swift - running river . </P> <P> In medieval times , there was a mill by the Irk at which the tenants of the manor ground their corn and its fisheries were controlled by the lord of the manor . In the 16th century , throwing carrion and other offensive matter into the Irk was forbidden . Water for Manchester was drawn from the river before the Industrial Revolution . A bridge over the Irk was recorded in 1381 . The river was noted for destructive floods . In 1480 , the burgesses of Manchester described the highway between Manchester and Collyhurst which `` the water of Irk had worn out '' . In 1816 , of seven bridges over the Irk , six were liable to be flooded after heavy rain but the seventh , the Ducie Bridge completed in 1814 was above flood levels . </P> <P> According to The New Gazetteer of Lancashire ( 1830 ) the Irk had `` more mill seats upon it than any other stream of its length in the Kingdom '' and `` the eels in this river were formerly remarkable for their fatness , which was attributed to the grease and oils expressed by the mills from the woollen cloths and mixed with the waters . '' However , by the start of the 20th century the Irk Valley between Crumpsall and Blackley had been left a neglected river , `` not only the blackest but the most sluggish of all rivers '' . </P> <P> Friedrich Engels vividly described the banks of the Irk in Manchester at the height of the city 's industrial excess : </P> <P> The south bank of the Irk is here very steep and between fifteen and thirty feet high . On this declivitous hillside there are planted three rows of houses , of which the lowest rise directly out of the river , while the front walls of the highest stand on the crest of the hill in Long Millgate . Among them are mills on the river , in short , the method of construction is as crowded and disorderly here as in the lower part of Long Millgate . Right and left a multitude of covered passages lead from the main street into numerous courts , and he who turns in thither gets into a filth and disgusting grime , the equal of which is not to be found - especially in the courts which lead down to the Irk , and which contain unqualifiedly the most horrible dwellings which I have yet beheld . In one of these courts there stands directly at the entrance , at the end of the covered passage , a privy without a door , so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement . This is the first court on the Irk above Ducie Bridge - in case any one should care to look into it . Below it on the river there are several tanneries which fill the whole neighbourhood with the stench of animal putrefaction . Below Ducie Bridge the only entrance to most of the houses is by means of narrow , dirty stairs and over heaps of refuse and filth . The first court below Ducie Bridge , known as Allen 's Court , was in such a state at the time of the cholera that the sanitary police ordered it evacuated , swept and disinfected with chloride of lime . Dr. Kay gives a terrible description of the state of this court at that time . Since then , it seems to have been partially torn away and rebuilt ; at least looking down from Ducie Bridge , the passer - by sees several ruined walls and heaps of debris with some newer houses . The view from this bridge , mercifully concealed from mortals of small stature by a parapet as high as a man , is characteristic for the whole district . At the bottom flows , or rather stagnates , the Irk , a narrow , coal - black , foul - smelling stream , full of debris and refuse , which it deposits on the shallower right bank . </P> <P> The river has since been culverted as it reaches the city centre . It disappears beneath Manchester Victoria railway station into a brick tunnel at Ducie Bridge and empties into the Irwell beneath a railway viaduct . </P> <P> On 15 August 1953 , the front coach of a Manchester to Bury electric train fell from the viaduct over the River Irk after colliding with a local steam train . Ten people were killed and 58 injured in what became known as the Irk Valley Junction disaster . </P> <H2> Tributaries ( edit ) </H2> The source of the River Irk ( left ) and its confluence with the River Irwell ( right ) <Ul> <Li> Moss Brook </Li> <Li> Moston Brook </Li> <Li> Boggart Hole Brook </Li> <Li> Heaton Brook </Li> <Li> Boardman Brook </Li> <Li> Wince Brook <Ul> <Li> Springs Brook </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Whit Brook <Ul> <Li> Trub Brook </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Tandle Hill Brook </Li> <Li> Thorp Brook </Li> <Li> Luzley Brook <Ul> <Li> Long Brook </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` History of the valley '' . The Irk Valley Project . Archived from the original on 2007 - 12 - 17 . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 12 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Farrer , William ; Brownbill , J. , eds. ( 1911 ) , `` Townships : Manchester ( part 2 of 2 ) '' , A History of the County of Lancaster : Volume 4 , British History Online , pp. 230 -- 251 , retrieved 12 August 2012 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Farrer , William ; Brownbill , J. , eds. ( 1911 ) , `` The city and parish of Manchester : Introduction '' , A History of the County of Lancaster : Volume 4 , British History Online , pp. 174 -- 187 , retrieved 12 August 2012 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Clarke , Steven Reynolds ( 1830 ) . The New Lancashire Gazetteer . Holborn : Henry Teesdale and Co. p. 72 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Irk Valley Junction 1953 '' . Danger Ahead ! -- Historic Railway Disasters . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 12 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Buried River Irk Photos </Li> <Li> The Irk Valley Project at Manchester City Council website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Next confluence upstream </Td> <Td> River Irwell </Td> <Td> Next confluence downstream </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> River Croal ( West ) </Td> <Td> River Irk </Td> <Td> River Medlock ( East ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Ceremonial county of Greater Manchester </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Greater Manchester Portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Statutory City Region </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greater Manchester Combined Authority </Li> <Li> Greater Manchester Statutory City Region </Li> <Li> Mayor of Greater Manchester </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metropolitan districts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> City of Manchester </Li> <Li> City of Salford </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Bolton </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Bury </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Oldham </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Stockport </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Tameside </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Trafford </Li> <Li> Metropolitan Borough of Wigan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Major settlements </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Altrincham </Li> <Li> Ashton - in - Makerfield ( part ) </Li> <Li> Ashton - under - Lyne </Li> <Li> Atherton </Li> <Li> Audenshaw </Li> <Li> Blackrod </Li> <Li> Bolton </Li> <Li> Bredbury </Li> <Li> Bury </Li> <Li> Chadderton </Li> <Li> Clifton </Li> <Li> Denton </Li> <Li> Droylsden </Li> <Li> Dukinfield </Li> <Li> Eccles </Li> <Li> Failsworth </Li> <Li> Farnworth </Li> <Li> Golborne </Li> <Li> Heywood </Li> <Li> Hindley </Li> <Li> Horwich </Li> <Li> Hyde </Li> <Li> Kearsley </Li> <Li> Leigh </Li> <Li> Littleborough </Li> <Li> Manchester </Li> <Li> Marple </Li> <Li> Middleton </Li> <Li> Milnrow </Li> <Li> Mossley </Li> <Li> Oldham </Li> <Li> Partington </Li> <Li> Pendlebury </Li> <Li> Prestwich </Li> <Li> Radcliffe </Li> <Li> Ramsbottom </Li> <Li> Rochdale </Li> <Li> Royton </Li> <Li> Sale </Li> <Li> Salford </Li> <Li> Shaw </Li> <Li> Stalybridge </Li> <Li> Standish </Li> <Li> Stockport </Li> <Li> Stretford </Li> <Li> Swinton </Li> <Li> Tyldesley </Li> <Li> Urmston </Li> <Li> Walkden </Li> <Li> Westhoughton </Li> <Li> Whitefield </Li> <Li> Wigan </Li> <Li> Worsley See also : List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rivers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beal </Li> <Li> Bollin </Li> <Li> Croal </Li> <Li> Dean Brook </Li> <Li> Douglas </Li> <Li> Etherow </Li> <Li> Goyt </Li> <Li> Irk </Li> <Li> Irwell </Li> <Li> Medlock </Li> <Li> Mersey </Li> <Li> Roch </Li> <Li> Spodden </Li> <Li> Tame </Li> <Li> Tib </Li> <Li> Tonge </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Topics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Parliamentary constituencies and Members of Parliament </Li> <Li> Crime </Li> <Li> Cycling </Li> <Li> Demography </Li> <Li> People </Li> <Li> Public art </Li> <Li> Schools </Li> <Li> Geography </Li> <Li> Places </Li> <Li> Population of major settlements </Li> <Li> Castles </Li> <Li> Churches </Li> <Li> Flag </Li> <Li> Football clubs </Li> <Li> Grade I listed buildings </Li> <Li> Grade II * listed buildings </Li> <Li> Mills </Li> <Li> Scheduled monuments </Li> <Li> SSSIs </Li> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Lord Lieutenants </Li> <Li> High Sheriffs </Li> <Li> Museums </Li> <Li> Places of interest </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Irk&oldid=835383146 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Rivers of Greater Manchester </Li> <Li> Rivers of Manchester </Li> <Li> Rivers of Rochdale Borough </Li> <Li> Rivers of Oldham Borough </Li> <Li> Irwell catchment </Li> <Li> Chadderton </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> <Li> Geobox usage tracking for river type </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li>

The River Irk starts and finishes

Where does the river irk start and finish?

1996292107460275608

</Li> <Li> 4.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1991 , Detective Matthew `` Matt '' Scudder ( Liam Neeson ) is in a car with his partner , who urges him to get help and expresses his concern that Scudder is not a reliable backup . Scudder then enters a bar and buys drinks with a coffee . Two armed men come in and kill the bartender , and Matt fatally shoots one assailant . He pursues and kills the second assailant , as well as their getaway driver . </P> <P> Eight years later , a drug addict named Peter Kristo ( Boyd Holbrook ) approaches Matt , now retired , and asks him to help his brother Kenny Kristo ( Dan Stevens ) . Kenny is a drug trafficker whose wife was kidnapped and murdered . Kenny told Matt that after he delivered the ransom , the kidnappers directed him to a car containing his wife 's dismembered body . Matt ultimately agrees to find the kidnappers . </P> <P> At the library , Matt researches similar killings , and finds victims named Marie Gotteskind and Leila Anderssen . He meets a homeless youth named TJ ( Brian `` Astro '' Bradley ) , who helps with his search . </P> <P> Based on an article , Matt goes to a cemetery and speaks with the groundskeeper , Jonas Loogan ( Olafur Darri Olafsson ) , who is upset that Matt forces him to remember finding bags containing parts of the dismembered Leila in the cemetery pond . </P> <P> Matt talks to Leila 's fiancé Reuben ( Mark Consuelos ) , who claims to have witnessed two men drag her into a van driven by a third person . Out the window , Matt sees Jonas exiting an apartment building . In a tool shed belonging to Jonas on the building 's roof , Matt finds photos of Reuben and Leila having sex . </P> <P> Jonas admits that he helped kidnap Leila . He had conspired to take Leila away from Reuben , who is a drug dealer , and help her stop using drugs . Instead , however , the other two men tortured and killed Leila . Jonas gives Matt one name ( Ray ) and jumps off the roof to his death . </P> <P> The two kidnappers , Ray ( David Harbour ) and Albert ( Adam David Thompson ) , scout the home of Yuri Landau ( Sebastian Roché ) , another drug trafficker . After realizing Landau 's wife is bedridden , they prepare to leave for a new target . However , they see his 14 - year - old daughter Lucia ( Danielle Rose Russell ) , and Ray decides to kidnap her . </P> <P> Matt eventually learns that Marie was a DEA agent and realizes that the people who murdered her also got her files , which they have been using to choose their victims . Meanwhile , Matt grows closer to TJ , and encourages the boy to study to avoid a life of crime . During a conversation with TJ , Matt explains why he retired . During the shootout from the opening scene , one of his bullets killed a 7 - year - old girl . He has been sober ever since . </P> <P> Kenny brings Matt to Landau 's home , where the kidnappers call and arrange a drop . Matt , Kenny , Landau , Peter , and TJ ( who earlier brought Matt his old gun ) go to the cemetery . After a stand off , Lucia , with a finger hurt down to the bone , is returned to her father . When Albert realizes the ransom money is counterfeit , a shootout ensues . Peter is killed , and Matt wounds Ray . Albert and Ray escape in their van . </P> <P> After Albert and Ray arrive at their place , TJ sneaks out of their van , calls Matt , and tells him the address . Albert garrottes Ray in the basement , and goes back upstairs to find Matt , Kenny , and TJ . Matt overpowers and cuffs Albert . He leaves Albert for Kenny and calls a cab for TJ . While Kenny goes down in the basement , Albert frees himself . Matt goes back inside the house and finds Kenny 's corpse . Albert attacks Matt , and after a brief fight , Matt kills him . </P> <P> Matt returns home to find TJ sleeping on the couch and spots a drawing that TJ made of himself as a superhero . He sits down and falls asleep . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Liam Neeson as Matthew Scudder </Li> <Li> Dan Stevens as Kenny Kristo </Li> <Li> David Harbour as Ray </Li> <Li> Boyd Holbrook as Peter Kristo </Li> <Li> Ólafur Darri Ólafsson as Jonas Loogan </Li> <Li> Brian `` Astro '' Bradley as TJ </Li> <Li> Eric Nelsen as Howie </Li> <Li> Mark Consuelos as Reuben Quintana </Li> <Li> Adam David Thompson as Albert </Li> <Li> Sebastian Roché as Yuri Landau </Li> <Li> Laura Birn as Leila Andersen </Li> <Li> Danielle Rose Russell as Ludmilla Landau ( Lucia ) </Li> <Li> Whitney Able as Sarah at AA ( Twelve Step Girl ) </Li> <Li> Dennis Jay Funny as Phil Justin ( AA Speaker ) </Li> <Li> Stephanie Andujar as Cashier </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> A film adaptation of Block 's novel had been in development for several years with a script from Scott Frank . In 2002 , Harrison Ford was attached to star and D.J. Caruso to direct . In May 2012 , Liam Neeson had reportedly signed on to play Matthew Scudder in the film , with Frank himself directing , and production slated to begin February 2013 . </P> <P> Filming began on March 3 , 2013 in New York City . Producers invited author Block to the set to watch filming . On the casting of Neeson , Block said , `` Readers often ask who 'd be my ideal Matt Scudder , and I usually change the subject . But now it 's safe to tell you that , ever since I saw him in Michael Collins , Neeson has been up at the top of my personal Scudder wish list . I could n't be happier about either the star or the writer / director , both of them genuine artists and brilliant professionals . My book 's in good hands . '' </P> <P> The film was completed on October 8 , 2013 and classified by the MPAA as rated R for `` strong violence , disturbing images , language , and brief nudity '' . On October 18 , 2013 , Block tweeted that he had seen the film and revealed producers were aiming for a September 2014 release . On January 30 , 2014 , it was announced the film would be released on September 19 , 2014 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> A Walk Among the Tombstones grossed $26 million in North America and $36.1 million in other territories for a total gross of $62.1 million , against its $28 million budget . </P> <P> The film earned $428,000 from Thursday night from 1,918 theaters , and $4.7 million from 2,712 theaters on its opening day . It debuted at number two at the box office on its opening weekend earning $13.1 million behind The Maze Runner ( $32.5 million ) . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( November 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 66 % based on 147 reviews , with an average rating of 6.2 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` A Walk Among the Tombstones does n't entirely transcend its genre clichés , but it does offer Liam Neeson one of his more compelling roles in recent memory , and that 's often enough . '' On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100 , based on 36 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` B -- '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Richard Roeper gave the film a B+ rating , calling the film `` a stylish and smart thriller '' . Manohla Dargis in The New York Times called it `` one of those rare cinematic offerings : intelligent pulp '' but also noted that the film `` can be tough to watch , particularly its fleeting images of tortured women '' . In Variety , Andrew Barker found it a well - made thriller `` with a good deal of panache and style '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Walk among the Tombstones ( 15 ) '' . British Board of Film Classification . September 3 , 2014 . Retrieved September 3 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Walk Among the Tombstones ( 2014 ) - Box Office Mojo '' . September 19 , 2014 . Retrieved January 25 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` A Walk Among the Tombstones ( 2014 ) '' . January 27 , 2017 . Retrieved January 27 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jochimsen , Tino ( April 23 , 2013 ) . `` Liam Neeson 's ' A Walk Among the Tombstones ' will be huge '' . MoviePilot.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fleming , Mike Jr . ( May 17 , 2012 ) . `` Liam Neeson Takes ' A Walk Among The Tombstones ' In Production Deal with Exclusive Media and Cross Creek Pictures '' . Deadline.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chitwood , Adam ( March 3 , 2013 ) . `` Production Begins on Scott Frank 's A WALK AMONG THE TOMBSTONES Starring Liam Neeson , Dan Stevens , and Ruth Wilson '' . Collider.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bloom , Dan ( April 11 , 2013 ) . `` Liam Neeson Takes ' Walk Among the Tombstones ' '' . Yahoo ! Movies . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Walk Among the Tombstones Production Update '' . MovieInsider.com . October 9 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lawrence Block ( @ LawrenceBlock ) ( 18 October 2013 ) . `` Saw # AWalkAmongTheTombstones today . Liam Neeson brilliant as Scudder , Scott Frank script and direction tops . Set for September release '' ( Tweet ) -- via Twitter . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Universal Dates Crimson Peak , Ouija , Pitch Perfect 2 and More ! '' . ComingSoon . January 30 , 2014 . Retrieved May 30 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Busch , Anita ( September 19 , 2014 ) . `` Box Office : ' Maze Runner ' Off To Good Start With $1.1 M , ' Tombstones ' Takes In $480 K -- Late Night Numbers '' . Deadline . Retrieved September 20 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mendelson , Scott ( September 20 , 2014 ) . `` Box Office : ' Maze Runner ' Sprints To $11.25 M , 30 + Weekend '' . Forbes . Retrieved September 20 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mendelson , Scott ( September 21 , 2014 ) . `` Box Office : ' Maze Runner ' Races To $32.5 M Weekend , Kevin Smith 's ' Tusk ' Bombs '' . Forbes . Retrieved September 21 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A Walk

The movie "A Walk Among the Tombstones" was filmed in

Where was the movie a walk among the tombstones filmed?

-8615571614929377890

History of the Great Wall of China - Wikipedia <H1> History of the Great Wall of China </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Course of the Wall throughout history <P> The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn ( 771 -- 476 BC ) and Warring States periods ( 475 -- 221 BC ) were connected by the first emperor of China , Qin Shi Huang , to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty ( 221 -- 206 BC ) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia . The walls were built of rammed earth , constructed using forced labour , and by 212 BC ran from Gansu to the coast of southern Manchuria . </P> <P> Later dynasties adopted different policies towards northern frontier defense . The Han ( 202 BC -- 220 AD ) , the Northern Qi ( 550 -- 574 ) , the Sui ( 589 -- 618 ) , and particularly the Ming ( 1369 -- 1644 ) were among those that rebuilt , re-manned , and expanded the Walls , although they rarely followed Qin 's routes . The Han extended the fortifications furthest to the west , the Qi built about 1,600 kilometres ( 990 mi ) of new walls , while the Sui mobilised over a million men in their wall - building efforts . Conversely , the Tang ( 618 -- 907 ) , the Song ( 960 -- 1279 ) , the Yuan ( 1271 -- 1368 ) , and the Qing ( 1644 -- 1911 ) mostly did not build frontier walls , instead opting for other solutions to the Inner Asian threat like military campaigning and diplomacy . </P> <P> Although a useful deterrent against raids , at several points throughout its history the Great Wall failed to stop enemies , including in 1644 when the Manchu Qing marched through the gates of Shanhai Pass and replaced the most ardent of the wall - building dynasties , the Ming , as rulers of China . </P> <P> The Great Wall of China visible today largely dates from the Ming dynasty , as they rebuilt much of the wall in stone and brick , often extending its line through challenging terrain . Some sections remain in relatively good condition or have been renovated , while others have been damaged or destroyed for ideological reasons , deconstructed for their building materials , or lost due to the ravages of time . For long an object of fascination for foreigners , the wall is now a revered national symbol and a popular tourist destination . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geographical considerations </Li> <Li> 2 Pre-Imperial China ( 7th century -- 221 BC ) </Li> <Li> 3 Qin dynasty ( 221 -- 206 BC ) </Li> <Li> 4 Han dynasty ( 206 BC -- 220 AD ) </Li> <Li> 5 Period of Disunity to the Sui dynasty ( 220 -- 618 ) </Li> <Li> 6 Tang dynasty ( 618 -- 907 ) </Li> <Li> 7 Song and the conquest dynasties ( 907 -- 1368 ) <Ul> <Li> 7.1 The northern walls of the Khitan , Jurchens , and Tanguts </Li> <Li> 7.2 The old Great Walls as Song boundary lines </Li> <Li> 7.3 The onset of the Mongols </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Ming dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) <Ul> <Li> 8.1 The early walls </Li> <Li> 8.2 The Walls of Xuanfu -- Datong and the western reaches </Li> <Li> 8.3 From Beijing to Shanhai Pass </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1911 ) <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Western appreciation of the Wall </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Modern China ( 1911 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 11 Historiography </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geographical considerations ( edit ) </H2> Topographical map of China 's northern frontier area , with modern political boundaries . Manchuria , unmarked , is to the east of Inner Mongolia . <P> The conflict between the Chinese and the nomads , from which the need for the Great Wall arose , stemmed from differences in geography . The 15 '' isohyet marks the extent of settled agriculture , dividing the fertile fields of China to the south and the semi-arid grasslands of Inner Asia to the north . The climates and the topography of the two regions led to distinct modes of societal development . </P> <P> According to the model by sinologist Karl August Wittfogel , the loess soils of Shaanxi made it possible for the Chinese to develop irrigated agriculture early on . Although this allowed them to expand into the lower reaches of the Yellow River valley , such extensive waterworks on an ever - increasing scale required collective labour , something that could only be managed by some form of bureaucracy . Thus the scholar - bureaucrats came to the fore to keep track of the income and expenses of the granaries . Walled cities grew up around the granaries for reasons of defence along with ease of administration ; they kept invaders out and ensured that citizens remained within . These cities combined to become feudal states , which eventually united to become an empire . Likewise , according to this model , walls not only enveloped cities as time went by , but also lined the borders of the feudal states and eventually the whole Chinese empire to provide protection against raids from the agrarian northern steppes . </P> <P> The steppe societies of Inner Asia , whose climate favoured a pastoral economy , stood in stark contrast to the Chinese mode of development . As animal herds are migratory by nature , communities could not afford to be stationary and therefore evolved as nomads . According to the influential Mongolist Owen Lattimore this lifestyle proved to be incompatible with the Chinese economic model . As the steppe population grew , pastoral agriculture alone could not support the population , and tribal alliances needed to be maintained by material rewards . For these needs , the nomads had to turn to the settled societies to get grains , metal tools , and luxury goods , which they could not produce by themselves . If denied trade by the settled peoples , the nomads would resort to raiding or even conquest . </P> <P> Potential nomadic incursion from three main areas of Inner Asia caused concern to northern China : Mongolia to the north , Manchuria to the northeast , and Xinjiang to the northwest . Of the three , China 's chief concern since the earliest times had been Mongolia -- the home of many of the country 's fiercest enemies including the Xiongnu , the Xianbei , the Khitans , and the Mongols . The Gobi Desert , which accounts for two - thirds of Mongolia 's area , divided the main northern and southern grazing lands and pushed the pastoral nomads to the fringes of the steppe . On the southern side ( Inner Mongolia ) , this pressure brought the nomads into contact with China . </P> <P> For the most part , barring intermittent passes and valleys ( the major one being the corridor through Zhangjiakou and the Juyong Pass ) , the North China Plain remained shielded from the Mongolian steppe by the Yin Mountains . However , if this defence were breached , China 's flat terrain offered no protection to the cities on the plain , including the imperial capitals of Beijing , Kaifeng , and Luoyang . Heading west along the Yin Mountains , the range ends where the Yellow River circles northwards upstream in the area known as the Ordos Loop -- technically part of the steppe , but capable of irrigated agriculture . Although the Yellow River formed a theoretical natural boundary with the north , such a border so far into the steppe was difficult to maintain . The lands south of the Yellow River -- the Hetao , the Ordos Desert , and the Loess Plateau -- provided no natural barriers on the approach to the Wei River valley , the oft - called cradle of Chinese civilization where the ancient capital Xi'an lay . As such , control of the Ordos remained extremely important for the rulers of China : not only for potential influence over the steppe , but also for the security of China proper . The region 's strategic importance combined with its untenability led many dynasties to place their first walls here . </P> <P> Although Manchuria is home to the agricultural lands of the Liao River valley , its location beyond the northern mountains relegated it to the relative periphery of Chinese concern . When Chinese state control became weak , at various points in history Manchuria fell under the control of the forest peoples of the area , including the Jurchens and the Manchus . The most crucial route that links Manchuria and the North China Plain is a narrow coastal strip of land , wedged between the Bohai Sea and the Yan Mountains , called the Shanhai Pass ( literally the `` mountain and sea pass '' ) . The pass gained much importance during the later dynasties , when the capital was set in Beijing , a mere 300 kilometres ( 190 miles ) away . In addition to the Shanhai Pass , a handful of mountain passes also provide access from Manchuria into China through the Yan Mountains , chief among them the Gubeikou and Xifengkou ( Chinese : 喜 峰 口 ) . </P> <P> Xinjiang , considered part of the Turkestan region , consists of an amalgamation of deserts , oases , and dry steppe barely suitable for agriculture . When influence from the steppe powers of Mongolia waned , the various Central Asian oasis kingdoms and nomadic clans like the Göktürks and Uyghurs were able to form their own states and confederations that threatened China at times . China proper is connected to this area by the Hexi Corridor , a narrow string of oases bounded by the Gobi Desert to the north and the high Tibetan Plateau to the south . In addition to considerations of frontier defence , the Hexi Corridor also formed an important part of the Silk Road trade route . Thus it was also in China 's economic interest to control this stretch of land , and hence the Great Wall 's western terminus is in this corridor -- the Yumen Pass during Han times and the Jiayu Pass during the Ming dynasty and thereafter . </P> <H2> Pre-Imperial China ( 7th century -- 221 BC ) ( edit ) </H2> Remnants of the Great Wall of Qi on Dafeng Mountain , Changqing District , Jinan , which was once part of the ancient State of Qi during the Warring States Period . <P> One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem , dated from the seventh century BC , recorded in the Classic of Poetry . The poem tells of a king , now identified as King Xuan ( r . 827 -- 782 BC ) of the Western Zhou dynasty ( 1046 -- 771 BC ) , who commanded General Nan Zhong ( 南仲 ) to build a wall in the northern regions to fend off the Xianyun . The Xianyun , whose base of power was in the Ordos region , were regarded as part of the charioteering Rong tribes , and their attacks aimed at the early Zhou capital region of Haojing were probably the reason for King Xuan 's response . Nan Zhong 's campaign was recorded as a great victory . However , only a few years later in 771 BC another branch of the Rong people , the Quanrong , responded to a summons by the renegade Marquess of Shen by over-running the Zhou defences and laying waste to the capital . The cataclysmic event killed King Xuan 's successor King You ( 795 --

The Great Wall of China was completed by the

What dynasty completed the great wall of china?

3176201802456368482

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - wikipedia <H1> Universal Declaration of Human Rights </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Universal Declaration of Human Rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Eleanor Roosevelt with the Spanish language version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created </Th> <Td> 1948 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ratified </Th> <Td> 10 December 1948 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Palais de Chaillot , Paris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author ( s ) </Th> <Td> Draft Committee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Purpose </Th> <Td> Human rights </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theoretical distinctions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Claim rights and liberty rights </Li> <Li> Individual and group rights </Li> <Li> Natural and legal rights </Li> <Li> Negative and positive rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Human rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Civil and political </Li> <Li> Economic , social and cultural </Li> <Li> Three generations </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rights by beneficiary </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Animals </Li> <Li> Authors </Li> <Li> Children </Li> <Li> Consumers </Li> <Li> Creditors </Li> <Li> Elders </Li> <Li> Fathers </Li> <Li> Fetuses </Li> <Li> Gun owners </Li> <Li> Humans </Li> <Li> Natives </Li> <Li> Intersex </Li> <Li> Kings </Li> <Li> LGBT </Li> <Li> Men </Li> <Li> Minorities </Li> <Li> Mothers </Li> <Li> Patients </Li> <Li> Plants </Li> <Li> Prisoners </Li> <Li> Students </Li> <Li> Victims </Li> <Li> Women </Li> <Li> Workers </Li> <Li> Youth </Li> <Li> Disabled persons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other groups of rights </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Civil liberties </Li> <Li> Digital </Li> <Li> Linguistic </Li> <Li> Property </Li> <Li> Reproductive </Li> <Li> Self - determination of people </Li> <Li> Water and sanitation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its 3rd session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris , France . Of the then 58 members of the United Nations , 48 voted in favor , none against , eight abstained , and two did not vote . </P> <P> The Declaration consists of thirty articles affirming an individual 's rights which , although not legally binding in themselves , have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties , economic transfers , regional human rights instruments , national constitutions , and other laws . The Declaration was the first step in the process of formulating the International Bill of Human Rights , which was completed in 1966 , and came into force in 1976 , after a sufficient number of countries had ratified them . </P> <P> Some legal scholars have argued that because countries have constantly invoked the Declaration over more than 50 years , it has become binding as a part of customary international law . However , in the United States , the Supreme Court in Sosa v. Alvarez - Machain ( 2004 ) , concluded that the Declaration `` does not of its own force impose obligations as a matter of international law . '' Courts of other countries have also concluded that the Declaration is not in itself part of domestic law . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure and content </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Background </Li> <Li> 2.2 Creation and drafting </Li> <Li> 2.3 Adoption </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 International Human Rights Day </Li> <Li> 4 Significance and legal effect <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Significance </Li> <Li> 4.2 Legal effect </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reaction <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Praise </Li> <Li> 5.2 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Islamic countries </Li> <Li> 5.2. 2 `` The Right to Refuse to Kill '' </Li> <Li> 5.2. 3 American Anthropological Association </Li> <Li> 5.2. 4 Bangkok Declaration </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Organizations promoting the UDHR <Ul> <Li> 6.1 International Federation for Human Rights </Li> <Li> 6.2 Amnesty International </Li> <Li> 6.3 Unitarian Universalist Service Committee </Li> <Li> 6.4 Quaker United Nations Office and American Friends Service Committee </Li> <Li> 6.5 American Library Association </Li> <Li> 6.6 Youth for Human Rights International </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Citations </Li> <Li> 9.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Audiovisual materials </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure and content ( edit ) </H2> <P> The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was introduced in its second draft , which was prepared by René Cassin . Cassin worked from a first draft , which was prepared by John Peters Humphrey . The structure was influenced by the Code Napoléon , including a preamble and introductory general principles . Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple , with a foundation , steps , four columns , and a pediment . </P> <P> The Declaration consists of a preamble and thirty articles : </P> <Ul> <Li> The preamble sets out the historical and social causes that led to the necessity of drafting the Declaration . </Li> <Li> Articles 1 -- 2 established the basic concepts of dignity , liberty , equality , and brotherhood . </Li> <Li> Articles 3 -- 11 established other individual rights , such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery . </Li> <Li> Articles 6 -- 11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated . </Li> <Li> Articles 12 -- 17 established the rights of the individual towards the community ( including such things as freedom of movement ) . </Li> <Li> Articles 18 -- 21 sanctioned the so - called `` constitutional liberties '' , and with spiritual , public , and political freedoms , such as freedom of thought , opinion , religion and conscience , word , and peaceful association of the individual . </Li> <Li> Articles 22 -- 27 sanctioned an individual 's economic , social and cultural rights , including healthcare . Article 25 states : `` Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well - being of himself and of his family , including food , clothing , housing and medical care and necessary social services . '' It also makes additional accommodations for security in case of physical debilitation or disability , and makes special mention of care given to those in motherhood or childhood . </Li> <Li> Articles 28 -- 30 established the general ways of using these rights , the areas in which these rights of the individual can not be applied , and that they can not be overcome against the individual . </Li> </Ul> <P> These articles are concerned with the duty of the individual to society and the prohibition of use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations Organisation . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Background ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> State of the Union ( Four Freedoms ) ( 6 January 1941 ) Franklin Delano Roosevelt 's 6 January 1941 State of the Union address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms ( starting at 32 : 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main article : History of human rights <P> During World War II , the Allies adopted the Four Freedoms -- freedom of speech , freedom of religion , freedom from fear , and freedom from want -- as their basic war aims . The United Nations Charter `` reaffirmed faith in fundamental human rights , and dignity and worth of the human person '' and committed all member states to promote `` universal respect for , and observance of , human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race , sex , language , or religion '' . </P> <P> When the racist atrocities committed by Nazi Germany became fully apparent after World War II , the consensus within the world community was that the United Nations Charter did not sufficiently define the rights to which it referred . A universal declaration that specified the rights of individuals was necessary to give effect to the Charter 's provisions on human rights . </P> <H3> Creation and drafting ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <P> In June 1946 , the UN Economic and Social Council established the Commission on Human Rights , comprising 18 members from various nationalities and political backgrounds . The Commission , a standing body of the United Nations , was constituted to undertake the work of preparing what was initially conceived as an International Bill of Rights . </P> <P> The Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee , chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt , to write the articles of the Declaration . The Committee met in two sessions over the course of two years . </P> <P> Canadian John Peters Humphrey , Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat , was called upon by the United Nations Secretary - General to work on the project and became the Declaration 's principal drafter . At the time , Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat . </P> <P> Other well - known members of the drafting committee included René Cassin of France , Charles Malik of Lebanon , P.C. Chang of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . Humphrey provided the initial draft which became the working text of the Commission . </P> <P> According to Allan Carlson , the Declaration 's pro-family phrases were the result of the Christian Democratic movement 's influence on Cassin and Malik . </P> <P> Once the Committee finished its work in May 1948 , the draft was further discussed by the Commission on Human Rights , the Economic and Social Council , the Third Committee of the General Assembly before being put to vote in December 1948 . During these discussions many amendments and propositions were made by UN Member States . </P> <P> British representatives were extremely frustrated that the proposal had moral but no legal obligation . ( It was not until 1976 that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights came into force , giving a legal status to most of the Declaration . ) </P> <H3> Adoption ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Universal Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 on 10 December 1948 . Of the then 58 members of the United Nations , 48 voted in favor , none against , eight abstained and Honduras and Yemen failed to vote or abstain . </P> <P> The meeting record provides first hand insight of the debate . South Africa 's position can be seen as an attempt to protect its system of apartheid , which clearly violated any number of articles in the Declaration . The Saudi Arabian delegation 's abstention was prompted primarily by two of the Declaration 's articles : Article 18 , which states that everyone has the right `` to change his religion or belief '' ; and Article 16 , on equal marriage rights . The six communist countries abstentions centred around the view that the Declaration did not go far enough in condemning fascism and Nazism . Eleanor Roosevelt attributed the abstention of Soviet bloc countries to Article 13 , which provided the right of citizens to leave their countries . </P> <P> The 48 countries which voted in favour of the Declaration are : </P> Voters and abstainers in the Plenary session . In green countries that voted in favour , in orange those who abstained . In black , countries which failed to abstain or vote . In grey , countries which were not part of the UN at

The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights

What is united nations declaration of human rights?

-519208105586656163

Super Bowl ring - wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl ring </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( August 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> The Steelers Super Bowl XL ring Joe Theismann 's Super Bowl ring ( right ) <P> The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league 's annual championship game , the Super Bowl . Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team ( ownership ) itself , the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolise their victory . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Details </Li> <Li> 2 Value and resale </Li> <Li> 3 Most Super Bowl rings </Li> <Li> 4 Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Details ( edit ) </H2> <P> These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds . They usually include the team name , team logo , and Super Bowl number ( usually indicated in Roman numerals ) . The NFL contributes up to $5,000 per ring for up to 150 rings for o the winning team ; any additional costs are borne by the team . Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens . In 2015 , the rings for the New England Patriots reportedly cost $36,500 each , making them the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced . The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose , including usually , but not limited to : players ( active roster or injured ) , coaches , trainers , executives , personnel , and general staff . Some teams have given rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season , despite not having been on the winning roster for the Super Bowl itself . Sometimes a team will give rings to fans as part of a charity raffle . Teams can distribute any number of rings . A recent trend over the last 15 -- 20 years has been lesser rings awarded to front office staff . These are commonly called `` B '' and `` C '' level rings and are smaller and contain fewer diamonds or contain faux diamonds . The first instance of this was the Redskins Super Bowl XVII ring when many in the front office received rings that were not solid gold and contained cubic zirconia stones ( which resemble diamonds ) . When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII , the players and coaches received rings with a diamond - centered Lombardi trophy . Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the `` C '' level ring did not contain any diamonds . </P> <P> Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football . Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo . Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won . Also , the rings are customized with the player 's name and uniform number . </P> <P> The Green Bay Packers Super Bowl XLV ring contained more than 100 diamonds . The Packer logo , in the center of the ring , made up 13 diamonds , one for each title the team has won , dating back to 1929 . In a break from tradition , this is the first Super Bowl ring to be made of platinum , not gold . </P> <P> The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds , to commemorate their comeback from being down 28 - 3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter . </P> <H2> Value and resale ( edit ) </H2> <P> Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles , along with genuine rings . Dave Meggett is known to have placed his ring for sale on eBay . Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008 . Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia . Tight end Shannon Sharpe , meanwhile , gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling , who had his career cut short by injury . </P> <P> In 2011 , a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright , a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s , sold for over $73,000 at auction . Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders ' great Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction . In 2012 , Lawrence Taylor 's son sold his father 's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000 . </P> <H2> Most Super Bowl rings ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Seven : Two people : <Ul> <Li> Bill Belichick : two as defensive coordinator of the Giants and five as head coach of New England </Li> <Li> Neal Dahlen : five with San Francisco ( staff and player personnel ) and two with Denver ( general manager ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Six : Six people : <Ul> <Li> Dan Rooney and Art Rooney II : each as an executive with Pittsburgh </Li> <Li> Chuck Noll : four as head coach and two as a team consultant with Pittsburgh </Li> <Li> Bill Nunn : each as a scout with Pittsburgh </Li> <Li> `` Mean Joe '' Greene : four as a defensive tackle , two as a special assistant for player personnel , all with the Pittsburgh Steelers </Li> <Li> Conditioning coach Mike Woicik : three with Dallas and three with New England </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Five : Twenty people . Only two people have won five Super Bowl rings as a player : <Ul> <Li> Tom Brady ( all with New England ) . Won five Super Bowl rings as the starting quarterback . He has the most rings of any active player ( as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 season ) , and the first and only player to win five playing for one team . </Li> <Li> Charles Haley ( who played on two winning teams , the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers ) </Li> <Li> Robert Kraft , five as owner of New England </Li> <Li> Edward J. DeBartolo , Jr. , five as owner of San Francisco </Li> <Li> Keith Simon : five as CFO and Executive VP with San Francisco </Li> <Li> Bobb McKittrick : five as offensive line coach with San Francisco </Li> <Li> Ray Rhodes : five as an assistant coach with San Francisco </Li> <Li> Bill McPherson : five as defensive line coach with San Francisco </Li> <Li> Dick Hoak : each as a running backs coach with Pittsburgh </Li> <Li> Romeo Crennel : two as a defensive coach with Giants and three as a defensive coordinator with New England </Li> <Li> George Seifert : three as an assistant coach and two as a head coach all with San Francisco 49ers </Li> <Li> Dwight Clark : two as a player and three as a member of the front office , all with San Francisco </Li> <Li> Pepper Johnson : two as a linebacker for the Giants and three as an assistant coach with New England </Li> <Li> Monsignor Peter Armstrong : five as chaplain for San Francisco </Li> <Li> Markus Paul : three as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Patriots , and two as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the Giants </Li> <Li> Tim Rooney : Three with Pittsburgh Steelers and two with New York Giants ( as Pro Personnel Director / Scout ) </Li> <Li> Josh McDaniels has won five with the New England Patriots his first as personnel assistant , second as defensive coaching assistant , third as quarterbacks coach and his fourth and fifth as offensive coordinator . </Li> <Li> Ivan Fears has won five with the New England Patriots his first as wide receivers coach and the remaining as running backs coach . </Li> <Li> Ernie Adams has won five with the New England Patriots as a football research director </Li> <Li> Brian Daboll has won five with the New England Patriots , one as a defensive coaching assistant , two as wide receivers coach , and two as tight ends coach </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Four : at least 39 players , many coaches and staff <Ul> <Li> The first player to win four Super Bowl rings was tight - end Marv Fleming , who got a pair with the Green Bay Packers in 1966 and 1967 , and another pair with the Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973 . </Li> <Li> Twenty - two players earned four rings with the Steelers in the 1970s : Terry Bradshaw , Franco Harris , Lynn Swann , John Stallworth , Mel Blount , Jack Lambert , Jack Ham , Mike Webster , Donnie Shell , L.C. Greenwood , Rocky Bleier , Gerry Mullins , Larry Brown , Mike Wagner , J.T. Thomas , Loren Toews , Jon Kolb , Sam Davis , Steve Furness , Dwight White , Randy Grossman and the previously mentioned Joe Greene ( who later added two more rings ) . At least five coaches were with the team all four years : George Perles , Louis Riecke , Woody Widenhofer and ( as noted above ) Chuck Noll and Dick Hoak . The list of Steelers front office staff receiving four rings during that era includes Director of Player Personnel Dick Haley . </Li> <Li> Tom Flores : First person to have rings as a player ( Kansas City Chiefs ) , assistant coach and head coach ( Oakland Raiders ) </Li> <Li> Joe Montana , Keena Turner , Jesse Sapolu , Eric Wright , Mike Wilson and Ronnie Lott each won four Super Bowl rings with the 49ers . </Li> <Li> Kicker Adam Vinatieri won three with the Patriots and one with the Colts . </Li> <Li> Russ Grimm won three with the Washington Redskins and one with the Pittsburgh Steelers </Li> <Li> Ted Hendricks won one with the Baltimore Colts and three with the Raiders </Li> <Li> Bill Romanowski won two with the 49ers and two with the Denver Broncos </Li> <Li> Coach Charlie Weis won one with the Giants and three with the Patriots </Li> <Li> Matt Millen has four rings while playing for four different cities and three different teams , one with Oakland , one with Los Angeles , one with San Francisco , and one with Washington ( only player to earn a ring with four different cities ) </Li> <Li> Sherman Lewis won three as running backs coach with San Francisco and one as offensive coordinator with Green Bay . </Li> <Li> Willie Davis Won all four rings with the Green Bay Packers . Two as a player , one as a member of the team 's board of directors , and one as an emeritus director . He is the only person to possess all four of Green Bay 's Super Bowl rings . Davis also won rings as a member of the 1961 , 1962 and 1965 NFL Championship Green Bay Packer teams , bringing his unofficial championship ring count to seven , as the first three were awarded prior to the creation of the Super Bowl . </Li> <Li> Mike Pope won all four of his Super Bowl rings as the long time Tight End coach for the New York Giants </Li> <Li> Ken Norton , Jr. was the first member of 3 Super Bowl - winning teams in a row as a player

The NFL team with the most expensive Super Bowl ring is the

What nfl team has the most expensive super bowl ring?

-4851593806612549544

. Singh reveals to Joe he is appearing as a witness for the prosecution against Barry . The meta is eventually discovered as Neil Borman , who is a meta who produces radiation , which is causing the illness and collapsing . Barry takes him on , but is ill equipped to deal with the situation . Cisco and Killer Frost travel to the scene where Caitlin tries to freeze Borman , who quickly defrosts and incapacitates Caitlin . Barry creates a vacuum seal around Borman to contain the radiation , with Cisco transporting the radiation to the dead Earth - 15 , draining the meta and defeating him . Barry is eventually found guilty by the jury and is sentenced to life in prison . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 80 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Elongated Knight Rises '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13411 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry uses his speed to secretly help the guards contain the other inmates during a prison riot . He also befriends Dave Ratchet , his father 's former cellmate . The next day , Barry meets Axel Walker who was later broken out of prison by his mother Zoey Clark , his father 's one - time partner Prank . Axel challenges Ralph by threatening to cause chaos in the city . Ralph attempts to stop him but is wounded by Axel and is evacuated by Cisco . Ralph sneaks into the prison to talk to Barry about how scared he is . Barry reassures him that being a hero is n't about not being scared , but about having the ability to rise above your fear . Cisco and Caitlin go to rescue the hostages , but get captured by Axel and Zoey , who intend to kill them . Ralph arrives , and attempts to shield the two from an acid shower , until Wells manages to hack into the shower system to neutralize its acidity . Iris visits Barry in prison , where they reaffirm their love for each other . Ralph and Cisco go to get coffee , where they meet the excitable girl from the wedding . The girl writes in her journal , where she appears to be writing in the language Barry was using when he came out of the Speed Force . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Honey , I Shrunk Team Flash '' </Td> <Td> Chris Peppe </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> January 30 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13412 </Td> <Td> 2.60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Cecile develops telepathic abilities as a result of her pregnancy , combined with dormant dark matter in her cells , which Caitlin assures her should be temporary . In prison , Barry learns that Ratchet is innocent of a robbery - homicide that was actually committed by Sylbert Rundine fifteen years prior . Barry asks the team to look into the case . Rundine turns out to be a bus meta with the ability to shrink and enlarge objects , and he shrinks Cisco and Ralph while escaping . Harry 's attempted cure backfires , and Caitlin determines that if they are not re-enlarged within a certain period of time , their bodies will explode . The team confronts Rundine at a warehouse , where Harry tricks him into re-enlarging Ralph and Cisco . Rundine is arrested , but refuses to confess to the earlier crime . Barry gathers that even if Ratchet went free , he would be as unhappy in the city as he is in prison ; he wishes to live in a secluded Chinese village called Jiaju , but fears he will never get there . Barry then uses his speed to take Ratchet to Jiaju , where he can live out his dream . After discovering Barry is the Flash , the prison 's warden , Gregory Wolfe , locks Barry in his private metahuman wing , intending to sell him to Amunet . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` True Colors '' </Td> <Td> Tara Nicole Weyr </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> February 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13413 </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Wolfe plans to sell Barry and the imprisoned bus metas ( Ramsey Deacon , Becky Sharpe , Mina Chaytan , and Sylbert Rundine ) to Amunet , so they plan to escape . Cecile discovers Wolfe 's plans after reading his mind . Ralph encounters a former colleague and his negative interaction with him prompts the discovery that he can shapeshift . His lack of mastery of the new ability prevents his attempt to foil Amunet 's deal with Wolfe . Barry helps the metas escape the power dampeners , but they are cornered by Wolfe and Amunet . DeVoe arrives and again uses his chair to extract the metas ' abilities , before transferring his mind into Sharpe 's body . He then crushes Wolfe 's skull as Marlize looks on in horror ; Amunet flees . Ralph uses his shapeshifting ability to appear as the original DeVoe at Barry 's appeal , claiming that he was unconscious at Barry 's loft but not dead , which clears Barry 's name . Team Flash realizes that DeVoe is only stealing powers from metahumans who were on the bus when the dark matter wave was unleashed , which means he will likely target Ralph as well . Back at the DeVoes ' house , their marriage continues to deteriorate , and DeVoe drugs his wife with the Weeper 's tears to maintain her devotion towards him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Subject 9 '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Mike Alber & Gabe Snyder </Td> <Td> February 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 27 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13414 </Td> <Td> 2.12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry is put on indefinite leave at the CCPD due to his connection with the DeVoe case . The team encounter another bus metahuman named Izzy with sound wave abilities , amplified by her violin . She manages to use her abilities when DeVoe ( inside Sharpe 's body ) comes to claim her . Barry and Ralph help to train Izzy to refine her abilities , which proves difficult when she gets hurt . Eventually DeVoe shows up once again , using Dominic 's and Becky 's abilities to make Barry experience a brain aneurysm , while using Rundine 's abilities to incapacitate Ralph . DeVoe then once again uses the chair to transfer his mind into Izzy 's body and escapes . Both Ralph and Barry comfort each other over their respective losses : Barry being let go from the police force and Ralph losing Izzy to DeVoe . These losses enforce both Barry 's and Ralph 's determination to bring DeVoe down and save the three remaining metas . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Enter Flashtime '' </Td> <Td> Gregory Smith </Td> <Td> Todd Helbing & Sterling Gates </Td> <Td> March 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13415 </Td> <Td> 2.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Jesse comes to Earth - 1 to have a talk with her dad . Eco-terrorist Veronica Dale sets off a nuclear bomb , which Barry tries to stop , entering a form of superspeed known as Flashtime , where everything is frozen . However , the bomb has already detonated , and he and Jesse can not stop it or save everyone with superspeed . Jay Garrick comes from Earth - 3 to help , but they are still unable to stop it . Barry remains in Flashtime for hours , bringing each of his friends into it , in an attempt to find a solution ; they discuss options such as freezing it or sending it to another Earth , but none of those solutions prove to be viable . Eventually , Iris gives him the idea to retrieve the Quark Sphere from the Speed Force to send a blast lightning through the bomb , enough to disable it . Barry does so , and throws the Sphere back into the Speed Force , saving Central City . Jay admits he is retiring and going to train a new `` female '' speedster . Jesse and Jay return to their Earths , and Caitlin and Wells go for a coffee , where they encounter the mysterious girl . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Run , Iris , Run '' </Td> <Td> Harry Jierjian </Td> <Td> Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> March 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13416 </Td> <Td> 2.09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A metahuman with fire powers tries to rob Central City bank . Another bus meta named Matthew Kim touches the metahuman , which causes his powers to transfer to another individual . When Joe , Iris and Barry turn up to ask Kim a few questions , Barry and Iris come into contact with Kim , causing Barry to lose his speed and Iris to gain superspeed . Inspired by Thawne , Harry plans to build his own thinking cap to outwit DeVoe . With their roles reversed , Iris becomes Central City 's hero speedster , while Barry must learn to act as team leader . The new metahuman demands money and terrorizes the city with his fire powers . Using Wells ' thinking cap , the Team comes up with the idea for Iris to create a tidal wave , negating the flames and defeating the meta . Back at S.T.A.R. Labs , Kim touches Iris and Barry again , restoring the Flash 's speed . At home , Iris admits that while she did enjoy having superspeed , Central City needs the light that Barry was , and she is happy being team leader . Wells uses his thinking cap once more , determining the final two bus metas are Janet Petty and Edwin Gauss . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Null and Annoyed '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Smith </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> April 10 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13417 </Td> <Td> 1.82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry and Ralph train to defeat DeVoe , with Barry becoming annoyed at Ralph 's apparent inability to be serious . The team manages to locate another bus meta , Janet Petty . When Barry and Ralph confront her , it is revealed that Petty can manipulate a person 's gravitational pull , which she demonstrates on Barry . Fearing once again that Ralph is not taking things seriously , Barry refuses to work with him . Ralph reveals his comedic attitude is due to a difficult childhood where his father abandoned him , causing him to make jokes whenever he is scared or under pressure . Barry relents and they go to stop Janet at a gala event . Janet uses her powers on Barry , causing him to float into the atmosphere . Barry tells the team to trust Ralph to improvise . Ralph detains Janet , then becomes a giant airbag to allow Barry to land safely . DeVoe 's wife discovers he has been drugging her , so she will continue to assist him . Breacher comes to Earth - 1 to ask Cisco for help as some of his powers have failed . Harry takes the thinking cap to Thawne 's time vault to recharge it and activates Gideon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Lose Yourself '' </Td> <Td> Hanelle Culpepper </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> April 17

The Flash Season 4 Episode 14 is coming out on

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Russian Provisional Government - wikipedia <H1> Russian Provisional Government </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Main article : Russia Not to be confused with Provisional All - Russian Government . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Coordinates : 59 ° 56 ′ 27 '' N 30 ° 18 ′ 47 '' E  /  59.9408 ° N 30.313 ° E  / 59.9408 ; 30.313 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Lvov Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 9th cabinet of Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date formed </Th> <Td> 2 March ( 15 March , N.S. ) 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date dissolved </Th> <Td> July 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> People and organisations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head of state </Th> <Td> <P> Alexis II ( unproclaimed ) Michael II ( conditionally ) </P> Georgy Lvov ( de facto ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head of government </Th> <Td> Georgy Lvov </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Member party </Th> <Td> Progressive Bloc </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Status in legislature </Th> <Td> Coalition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opposition cabinet </Th> <Td> Executive Committee of Petrograd Soviet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opposition party </Th> <Td> Socialist coalition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opposition leader </Th> <Td> Nikolay Chkheidze </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Incoming formation </Th> <Td> Golitsyn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Outgoing formation </Th> <Td> Kerensky I </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Predecessor </Th> <Td> Nikolay Golitsyn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> Alexander Kerensky </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Russian Provisional Government ( Russian : Временное правительство России , tr . Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii ) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March ( 15 March , New Style ) 1917 . The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention . The provisional government lasted approximately eight months , and ceased to exist when the Bolsheviks gained power after the October Revolution in October ( November , N.S. ) 1917 . According to Harold Whitmore Williams the history of eight months during which Russia was ruled by the Provisional Government was the history of the steady and systematic disorganisation of the army . </P> <P> For most of the life of the Provisional Government , the status of the monarchy was unresolved . This was finally clarified on 1 September ( 14 September , N.S. ) , when the Russian Republic was proclaimed , in a decree signed by Kerensky as Minister - President and Zarudny as Minister of Justice . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 World recognition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Formation </Li> <Li> 3 Initial composition </Li> <Li> 4 April Crisis </Li> <Li> 5 July crisis and second coalition government </Li> <Li> 6 Third coalition </Li> <Li> 7 Legislative policies and problems </Li> <Li> 8 Democratization </Li> <Li> 9 Kornilov affair and declaration of Republic </Li> <Li> 10 October Revolution </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Primary sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd by the Provisional Committee of the State Duma and was led first by Prince Georgy Lvov and then by Alexander Kerensky . It replaced the institution of the Council of Ministers of Russia , members of which after the February Revolution presided in the Chief Office of Admiralty . At the same time the Russian Emperor Nicholas II abdicated in favor of the Grand Duke Michael who agreed that he would accept after the decision of Russian Constituent Assembly . The Provisional Government was unable to make decisive policy decisions due to political factionalism and a breakdown of state structures . This weakness left the government open to strong challenges from both the right and the left . The Provisional Government 's chief adversary on the left was the Petrograd Soviet , which tentatively cooperated with the government at first , but then gradually gained control of the army , factories , and railways . The period of competition for authority ended in late October 1917 , when Bolsheviks routed the ministers of the Provisional Government in the events known as the October Revolution , and placed power in the hands of the soviets , or `` workers ' councils , '' which had given their support to the Bolsheviks . The weakness of the Provisional Government is perhaps best reflected in the derisive nickname given to Kerensky : `` persuader - in - chief . '' </P> <H3> World recognition ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> country </Th> <Th> date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 22 March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 24 March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Formation ( edit ) </H2> Russian Provisional Government in March 1917 <P> The authority of the Tsar 's government began disintegrating on 1 November 1916 , when Milyukov attacked the Boris Stürmer government in the Duma . Stürmer was succeeded by Alexander Trepov and Nikolai Golitsyn , both Prime Ministers for only a few weeks . During the February Revolution two rival institutions , the Imperial Duma and the Petrograd Soviet , both located in the Tauride Palace , competed for power . Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on 2 March ( 15 March , N.S. ) and Milyukov announced the committee 's decision to offer the Regency to his brother , Grand Duke Michael as the next tsar . Grand Duke Michael did not want to take the poisoned chalice and deferred acceptance of imperial power the next day . The Provisional Government was designed to set up elections to the Assembly while maintaining essential government services , but its power was effectively limited by the Petrograd Soviet 's growing authority . </P> <P> Public announcement of the formation of the Provisional Government was made . It was published in Izvestia the day after its formation . The announcement stated the declaration of government </P> <Ul> <Li> Full and immediate amnesty on all issues political and religious , including : terrorist acts , military uprisings , and agrarian crimes etc . </Li> <Li> Freedom of word , press , unions , assemblies , and strikes with spread of political freedoms to military servicemen within the restrictions allowed by military - technical conditions . </Li> <Li> Abolition of all hereditary , religious , and national class restrictions . </Li> <Li> Immediate preparations for the convocation on basis of universal , equal , secret , and direct vote for the Constituent Assembly which will determine the form of government and the constitution . </Li> <Li> Replacement of the police with a public militsiya and its elected chairmanship subordinated to the local authorities . </Li> <Li> Elections to the authorities of local self - government on basis of universal , direct , equal , and secret vote . </Li> <Li> Non-disarmament and non-withdrawal out of Petrograd the military units participating in the revolution movement . </Li> <Li> Under preservation of strict discipline in ranks and performing a military service - elimination of all restrictions for soldiers in the use of public rights granted to all other citizens . </Li> </Ul> <P> It also said , `` The provisional government feels obliged to add that it is not intended to take advantage of military circumstances for any delay in implementing the above reforms and measures . '' </P> <H2> Initial composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> Initial composition of the Provisional Government : </P> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Post </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Party </Th> <Th> Time of appointment </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister - President and Minister of the Interior </Td> <Td> Georgy Lvov </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Foreign Affairs </Td> <Td> Pavel Milyukov </Td> <Td> Kadet </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mikhail Tereshchenko </Td> <Td> Non-Party </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of War and Navy </Td> <Td> Alexander Guchkov </Td> <Td> Octobrist </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alexander Kerensky </Td> <Td> Socialist - Revolutionary Party </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Transport </Td> <Td> Nikolai Nekrasov </Td> <Td> Kadet </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Trade and Industry </Td> <Td> Alexander Konovalov </Td> <Td> Progressist </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Justice </Td> <Td> Alexander Kerensky </Td> <Td> Socialist - Revolutionary Party </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pavel Pereverzev </Td> <Td> Socialist - Revolutionary Party </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Finance </Td> <Td> Mikhail Tereshchenko </Td> <Td> Non-Party </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Andrei Shingarev </Td> <Td> Kadet </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Education </Td> <Td> Andrei Manuilov </Td> <Td> Kadet </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Agriculture </Td> <Td> Andrei Shingarev </Td> <Td> Kadet </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victor Chernov </Td> <Td> Socialist - Revolutionary Party </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Labour </Td> <Td> Matvey Skobelev </Td> <Td> Menshevik </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Food </Td> <Td> Alexey Peshekhonov </Td> <Td> Popular Socialists ( Russia ) </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minister of Post and Telegraph </Td> <Td> Irakli Tsereteli </Td> <Td> Menshevik </Td> <Td> April 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ober - Procurator of the Holy Synod </Td> <Td> Vladimir Lvov </Td> <Td> Progressist </Td> <Td> March 1917 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> April crisis ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 18 April ( 1 May , N.S. ) 1917 minister of Foreign Affairs Pavel Milyukov sent a note to the Allied governments , promising to continue the war to ' its glorious conclusion ' . On 20 -- 21 April 1917 massive demonstrations of workers and soldiers erupted against the continuation of war . Demonstrations demanded resignation of Milyukov . They were soon met by the counter-demonstrations organised in his support . General Lavr Kornilov , commander of the Petrograd military district , wished to suppress the disorders , but premier Georgy Lvov refused to resort to violence . </P> <P> The Provisional Government accepted the resignation of Foreign Minister Milyukov and War Minister Guchkov , and made a proposal to the Petrograd Soviet to form a coalition government . As a result of negotiations , on 22 April 1917 agreement was reached and 6 socialist ministers joined the cabinet . </P> <P> During this period the Provisional Government merely reflected the will of the Soviet , where left tendencies ( Bolshevism ) were gaining ground . The Government , however , influenced by the `` bourgeois '' ministers , tried to base itself on the right wing of the Soviet . Socialist ministers , coming under fire from their left wing Soviet associates , were compelled to pursue a double - faced policy . The Provisional Government was unable to make decisive policy decisions due to political factionalism and a breakdown of state structures . </P> <H2> July crisis and second coalition Government ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kerensky First Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 10th cabinet of Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date formed </Th> <Td> July 1917 ( see July Days ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date dissolved </Th> <Td> 1 September 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> People and organisations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head of state </Th> <Td> Grand Duke Michael ( conditionally ) Alexander Kerensky ( de facto ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head of government </Th> <Td>

The event that caused the Duma to establish a provisional government in Russia was

What event caused the duma to establish a provisional government in russia?

-3199049010322899939

Phoenix MarketCity ( Chennai ) - wikipedia <H1> Phoenix MarketCity ( Chennai ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article relies too much on references to primary sources . Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources . ( November 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Phoenix Marketcity Chennai ... <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Velachery , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 12 ° 59 ′ N 80 ° 13 ′ E  /  12.99 ° N 80.21 ° E  / 12.99 ; 80.21 Coordinates : 12 ° 59 ′ N 80 ° 13 ′ E  /  12.99 ° N 80.21 ° E  / 12.99 ; 80.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Address </Th> <Td> 142 , Velachery main road , Velachery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening date </Th> <Td> 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer </Th> <Td> Phoenix Mills Limited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Architect </Th> <Td> Benoy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of stores and services </Th> <Td> 250 + </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total retail floor area </Th> <Td> 110,000 m ( 1.2 million sq ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parking </Th> <Td> Basement & MLCP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> phoenixmarketcity.com/chennai </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Phoenix Market City ( Chennai ) is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was opened in January 2013 and is the largest mall in the city . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 About </Li> <Li> 2 Shops </Li> <Li> 3 Entertainment </Li> <Li> 4 Food & Dining </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> About ( edit ) </H2> Phoenix Market City , Velachery , Chennai <P> This mall was jointly developed by Phoenix Mills Limited and Sharyans Resources . Phoenix Mall Chennai is part of a development which includes a premium residential space as part of Phase I. Phase II development includes a luxury mall and residential space . </P> <H2> Shops ( edit ) </H2> <P> Phoenix mall has several national and international brands including Lifestyle , Valentine , Pantaloons , Globus , Manchester United , Steve Madden , Adidas , Aldo , Allen solly . It also houses electronic stores like Access , Reliance Digital , Croma and Poorvika . </P> Inside view of phoenix market city Chennai <H2> Entertainment ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Phoenix mall features an 11 - screen multiplex , Luxe Cinemas from Jazz Cinemas , and also Chennai 's first IMAX theatre . </Li> <Li> IPlay is an interactive game zone with environmental effects such as snow , smoke , bubble and thunderstorm apart from the seat movement which is synchronized with the movie . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Food & dining ( edit ) </H2> <P> The food court at this mall has several counters set up by KFC , Domino 's pizza , Burger King , Dunkin donuts , Hard Rock Cafe , cafe coffee day , noodle bar , Rajdhani , Punjab Grill , Starbucks , spaghetti kitchen , Habanero , California pizza kitchen , Arabian Hut , Kailash Parbat , Moti Mahal Express , China Wall , Fruit Punch , Kwality walls , Nala 's Aappakadai , Nando 's and Wow Momo . SPI Cinemas ' in - theatre restaurant ' iD ' opened its first shop outside a theatre in the city here at Phoenix mall . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Phoenix Market City ( Bangalore ) </Li> <Li> High Street Phoenix </Li> <Li> List of shopping malls in India </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Benoy - Phoenix Market CityChennai '' . Benoy . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Phoenix Market City is opened in Chennai '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Reliance Digital at Phoenix MarketCity Chennai '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Phoenix Mall Shops '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.phoenixmarketcity.com/chennai/movies </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Luxe Cinemas at Velachery Phoenix mall '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` IPLAY is a unique family entertainment zone in Phoenix Market City '' . chennaionline . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Punjab Grill at Phoenix MarketCity Chennai '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Phoenix MarketCity gets new restaurants '' . phoenixmarketcity.com . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Shopping malls in India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bihar </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> City Centre Patna </Li> <Li> Maurya Lok </Li> <Li> The Mall </Li> <Li> P&M Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Delhi NCR </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ambience </Li> <Li> Ansal Plaza </Li> <Li> DLF Emporio </Li> <Li> Mall of India </Li> <Li> Metro Walk </Li> <Li> Select Citywalk </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Karnataka </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Bangalore </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Central </Li> <Li> Elements Mall </Li> <Li> The Forum </Li> <Li> The Forum Neighborhood Mall </Li> <Li> Garuda Mall </Li> <Li> Mantri Square </Li> <Li> Orion Mall </Li> <Li> Phoenix Marketcity </Li> <Li> Russell Market </Li> <Li> VR Bengaluru </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elsewhere </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> BM Habitat Mall </Li> <Li> City Centre , Mangalore </Li> <Li> City Centre Mall , Shimoga </Li> <Li> Lotus Mall </Li> <Li> Mall of Mysore </Li> <Li> Urban Oasis Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Kerala </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Kochi </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abad Nucleus Mall </Li> <Li> Forum Thomsun Mall </Li> <Li> Gold Souk Grande </Li> <Li> LuLu International Shopping Mall </Li> <Li> Oberon Mall </Li> <Li> Nippon Q1 Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elsewhere </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> H&J Mall </Li> <Li> Hilite Mall </Li> <Li> Mall of Joy , Thrissur </Li> <Li> RP Mall , Kozhikode </Li> <Li> RP Mall , Kollam </Li> <Li> Sobha City Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maharashtra </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Mumbai </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Central </Li> <Li> Crossroads Mall </Li> <Li> Growel 's 101 </Li> <Li> High Street Phoenix </Li> <Li> Infiniti Mall </Li> <Li> Inorbit Mall </Li> <Li> LakeCity Mall </Li> <Li> Metro Junction Mall </Li> <Li> Neptune Magnet Mall </Li> <Li> Phoenix Marketcity </Li> <Li> R City Mall </Li> <Li> R - Mall </Li> <Li> Raghuleela Mall </Li> <Li> Raghuleela Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elsewhere </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Korum Mall </Li> <Li> Nitesh HUB </Li> <Li> Phoenix Marketcity ( Pune ) </Li> <Li> Pinnacle Mall </Li> <Li> Prozone Mall Aurangabad </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Puducherry </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Providence Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Punjab </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Gold Souk Ludhiana </Li> <Li> Paras Downtown Square </Li> <Li> Pavilion Mall , Ludhiana </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rajasthan </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> World Trade Park </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tamil Nadu </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chennai </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abhirami Mega Mall </Li> <Li> Alsa Mall </Li> <Li> Ampa Skywalk </Li> <Li> Bergamo </Li> <Li> Chandra Mall </Li> <Li> Chennai Citi Centre </Li> <Li> Coromandel Plaza </Li> <Li> Express Avenue </Li> <Li> The Forum Vijaya </Li> <Li> Gold Souk Grande Mall </Li> <Li> Mayajaal </Li> <Li> Phoenix Marketcity </Li> <Li> Ramee Mall </Li> <Li> Spectrum Mall </Li> <Li> Spencer Plaza </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elsewhere </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brookefields Mall </Li> <Li> Fun Republic Mall </Li> <Li> Prozone Mall </Li> <Li> TexValley </Li> <Li> Vishaal de Mal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Telangana </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> GVK One </Li> <Li> Hyderabad Central </Li> <Li> Inorbit Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> West Bengal </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dakshinapan shopping center </Li> <Li> Forum </Li> <Li> Mani Square </Li> <Li> Quest Mall </Li> <Li> South City Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uttar Pradesh </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fun Republic Mall </Li> <Li> The Great India Place </Li> <Li> Rave@Moti Mall </Li> <Li> Z Square Mall </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elsewhere </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> AlphaOne Mall </Li> <Li> DB City Mall </Li> <Li> P&M Hi - Tech City Centre Mall , Jamshedpur </Li> <Li> City Center - Raipur </Li> <Li> Crystal Mall Rajkot </Li> <Li> Elante Mall </Li> <Li> Mall De Goa </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Marketcity_(Chennai)&oldid=812280015 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Shopping malls in Chennai </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles lacking reliable references from November 2016 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking reliable references </Li> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 November 2017 , at 01 : 34 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The owner of Phoenix Mall in Chennai is

Who is the owner of phoenix mall in chennai?

-5377756596392157915

Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States - wikipedia <H1> Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of the series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States Supreme Court </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Court </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Decisions </Li> <Li> Procedure </Li> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Court Building </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current membership </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Chief Justice </Dt> <Dd> John Roberts </Dd> <Dt> Associate Justices </Dt> <Dd> Anthony Kennedy </Dd> <Dd> Clarence Thomas </Dd> <Dd> Ruth Bader Ginsburg </Dd> <Dd> Stephen Breyer </Dd> <Dd> Samuel Alito </Dd> <Dd> Sonia Sotomayor </Dd> <Dd> Elena Kagan </Dd> <Dd> Neil Gorsuch </Dd> <Dt> Retired Associate Justices </Dt> <Dd> John Paul Stevens </Dd> <Dd> Sandra Day O'Connor </Dd> <Dd> David Souter </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> All members </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> List of all justices </Dt> <Dd> by court </Dd> <Dd> by seat </Dd> <Dd> by time in office </Dd> <Dd> by education </Dd> <Dt> List of Chief Justices </Dt> <Dt> List of Associate Justices </Dt> <Dt> Specialty lists </Dt> <Dd> All nominations </Dd> <Dd> Unsuccessful nominations </Dd> <Dd> Nominations late in presidency </Dd> <Dd> Court demographics </Dd> <Dd> Justices who served in Congress </Dd> <Dd> Ideological leanings of justices </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Court functionaries </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Clerks </Li> <Li> Reporter of Decisions </Li> <Li> Marshal of the Court </Li> <Li> Supreme Court Police </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Law Portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court in the United States and the only court specifically established by the Constitution of the United States , implemented in 1789 . </P> <P> This article is concerned with the process and procedures used by the modern court . For general discussion of the court 's jurisdiction and composition , see Supreme Court of the United States ; for discussion of the court 's present and historical accommodations , see United States Supreme Court building ; for discussion of the history of the court , see History of the Supreme Court of the United States . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Terms and sittings </Li> <Li> 2 The Court 's authority to hear cases <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Appellate jurisdiction </Li> <Li> 2.2 Original jurisdiction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Selection of cases </Li> <Li> 4 Hearing cases <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Filing briefs </Li> <Li> 4.2 Oral arguments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Forming opinions <Ul> <Li> 5.1 The conference : assignment of opinions </Li> <Li> 5.2 Circulating draft opinions and changing of views <Ul> <Li> 5.2. 1 Tied votes and lack of quorum </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.3 Announcement of opinions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reporting and citation of cases </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Footnotes and references </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Terms and sittings ( edit ) </H2> <P> A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October , and continues until June or early July of the following year . Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as `` sittings '' and `` recesses . '' Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings ; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses . </P> <H2> The Court 's authority to hear cases ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Appellate jurisdiction ( edit ) </H3> <P> In nearly all of the cases heard by the Supreme Court , the Court exercises the appellate jurisdiction granted it by Article III of the Constitution . This authority permits the Court to review -- and affirm or overturn -- decisions made by lower courts and tribunals . Procedures for bringing cases before the Supreme Court have changed significantly over time . Today , cases are brought before the Supreme Court by one of several methods , of which the first two account for the overwhelming majority of cases decided : </P> <Ul> <Li> By petition for a writ of certiorari , filed by a party to a case that has been decided by one of the United States courts of appeals or by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces . </Li> <Li> By petition for writ of certiorari with respect to a decision of one of the territorial or state courts , after all state appeals have been exhausted , where an issue of federal constitutional or statutory law is in question . The writ is usually issued to a state supreme court ( including high courts of the District of Columbia , Puerto Rico , the U.S. Virgin Islands , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , and American Samoa ) , but is occasionally issued to a state 's intermediate appellate court for cases where the state supreme court denied certiorari or review and thereby refused to hear the appeal . </Li> <Li> By petition for certiorari before judgment , which permits the Court to expedite a case pending before a United States court of appeals by accepting the case for review before the appellate court has decided it . However , Supreme Court Rule 11 provides that a case may be taken by the Court before judgment in a lower court `` only upon a showing that the case is of such imperative public importance as to justify deviation from normal appellate practice and to require immediate determination in this Court . '' </Li> <Li> By appeal from certain decisions of United States district courts in certain cases involving redistricting of congressional or state legislative districts , or when specifically authorized in a particular statute . </Li> <Li> By a certified question or proposition of law from one of the United States Courts of Appeals , meaning that the Court of Appeals requests the Supreme Court to instruct it on how to decide the case . This procedure was once common but is now rarely invoked ; the last certificate accepted for review was in 1981 . </Li> <Li> By petition for an `` extraordinary writ '' such as mandamus , prohibition , or habeas corpus . These writs are rarely granted by the Supreme Court though they are more frequently granted by lower courts . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Original jurisdiction ( edit ) </H3> <P> Certain cases that have not been considered by a lower court may be heard by the Supreme Court in the first instance under what is termed original jurisdiction . The Supreme Court 's authority in this respect is also derived from Article III of the Constitution , which states that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction `` in all cases affecting ambassadors , other public ministers and consuls , and those in which a state shall be party . '' The original jurisdiction of the Court is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1251 . This statute provides further that , in the case of disputes between two or more states , the Supreme Court holds both original and exclusive jurisdiction and no lower court may hear such cases . </P> <P> The number of original jurisdiction cases heard by the court is small ; generally only one or two such cases are heard per term . Because the nine - member Supreme Court is not well - suited to conducting pretrial proceedings or trials , original jurisdiction cases accepted by the Court are typically referred to a well - qualified lawyer or lower - court judge to serve as special master , conduct the proceedings , and report recommendations to the Court . The Court then considers whether to accept the special master 's report or whether to sustain any exceptions filed to the report . </P> <P> Although jury trials are in theory possible in the Court 's original jurisdiction cases , there has not been one since Georgia v. Brailsford in 1794 . In 1950 , in the case United States v. Louisiana , the state of Louisiana moved for a jury trial , but the Court denied the motion , ruling that the suit was an equity action and not an action at law , and that therefore the Seventh Amendment guarantee of a jury trial did not apply . If a matter involving an action at law did come before the court , however , a jury would likely be empaneled and would hear the case alongside the justices of the Court . </P> <H2> Selection of cases ( edit ) </H2> <P> Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 ( `` The Certiorari Act '' in some texts ) , the majority of the Supreme Court 's jurisdiction has been discretionary . Each year , the court receives approximately 9,000 -- 10,000 petitions for certiorari , of which less than 1 % ( approximately 80 -- 100 ) , are granted plenary review with oral arguments , and an additional 50 to 60 are disposed of without plenary review . </P> <P> The Court strictly enforces its requirements for the preparation and timely filing of certiorari petitions , in order to manage such a massive caseload . This occasionally results in harsh consequences , as Justice Thomas acknowledged in a 2007 opinion : `` Just a few months ago , the Clerk , pursuant to this Court 's Rule 13.2 , refused to accept a petition for certiorari submitted by Ryan Heath Dickson because it had been filed one day late ... Dickson was executed on April 26 , 2007 , without any Member of this Court having even seen his petition for certiorari . The rejected certiorari petition was Dickson 's first in this Court , and one can only speculate as to whether denial of that petition would have been a foregone conclusion . '' </P> <P> In theory , each Justice 's clerks write a brief for the Justice outlining the questions presented , and offering a recommendation as to whether certiorari should be granted ; in practice , most Justices ( all of the current court , except Justices Alito and Gorsuch ) have their clerks participate in the cert pool . </P> <P> During the Justices ' regular conference , the Justices discuss the petitions , and grant certiorari in less than five percent of the cases filed . ( During the 1980s and 1990s , the number of cases accepted and decided each term approached 150 per year ; more recently , the number of cases granted has averaged well under 100 annually ) . Before each conference , the Chief Justice prepares a list of those petitions he believes have sufficient merit to warrant discussion . Any other Justice may also add a case to the `` discuss list '' ; cases not designated for discussion by any Justice are automatically denied review . The Court or a Justice may also decide that a case be `` re-listed '' for discussion at a later conference ; this occurs , for example , where the Court decides to request input from the Solicitor General of the United States on whether a petition should be granted . </P> <P> The votes of four Justices at Conference ( see Rule of four ) will suffice to grant certiorari and place the case on the court 's calendar . If the Supreme Court grants certiorari ( or the certified question or other extraordinary writ ) , then a briefing schedule is arranged for the parties to submit their briefs in favor of or against a particular form of relief . During this time , an individual or group having an interest in a case but not a party to the case may submit a motion to appear before the court as amicus curiae ( `` friend of the court '' ) . Except for certain specific categories ( such as lawyers for state

A request to the Supreme Court that it review a case that was already decided is made via

A request to the supreme court that it review a case that was already decided is made via a(n)?

6475776155210751728

American entry into World war I - wikipedia <H1> American entry into World war I </H1> Jump to : navigation , search President Woodrow Wilson before Congress , announcing the break in official relations with Germany on 3 February 1917 <P> The American entry into World War I came in April 1917 , after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war . Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British , American public opinion reflected that of the president : the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans , German Americans and Scandinavian Americans , as well as among church leaders and among women in general . On the other hand , even before World War I had broken out , American opinion had been more negative toward Germany than towards any other country in Europe . Over time , especially after reports of atrocities in Belgium in 1914 and following the sinking of the passenger liner RMS Lusitania in 1915 , the American citizens increasingly came to see Germany as the aggressor in Europe . </P> <P> As U.S. president , it was Wilson who made the key policy decisions over foreign affairs : while the country was at peace , the domestic economy ran on a laissez - faire basis , with American banks making huge loans to Britain and France -- funds that were in large part used to buy munitions , raw materials , and food from across the Atlantic . Until 1917 , Wilson made minimal preparations for a land war and kept the United States Army on a small peacetime footing , despite increasing demands for enhanced preparedness . He did however expand the United States Navy . </P> <P> In 1917 , with Russia experiencing political upheaval following widespread disillusionment there over the war , and with Britain and France low on credit , Germany appeared to have the upper hand in Europe , while Germany 's ally , the Ottoman Empire , clung stubbornly to its possessions in the Middle East . In the same year , Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel approaching British waters ; this attempt to starve Britain into surrender was balanced against the knowledge that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war . Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican -- American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram , which was intercepted by British Intelligence . Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic . Wilson then asked Congress for `` a war to end all wars '' that would `` make the world safe for democracy '' , and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6 , 1917 . </P> <P> On December 7 , 1917 , the U.S. declared war on Austria - Hungary . </P> <P> U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Main issues <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Naval blockade <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 The strategy behind the blockade </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.2 Business considerations </Li> <Li> 1.3 Views of the elites </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Public opinion <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Parties </Li> <Li> 2.2 Workers , farmers , and African Americans </Li> <Li> 2.3 South </Li> <Li> 2.4 German Americans </Li> <Li> 2.5 Christian churches and pacifists </Li> <Li> 2.6 Jewish Americans </Li> <Li> 2.7 Irish - Americans </Li> <Li> 2.8 Pro-Allied immigrants </Li> <Li> 2.9 Popular pacifism </Li> <Li> 2.10 German agents </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Preparedness movement <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Size of military </Li> <Li> 3.2 Navy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Decision for war <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Decision making </Li> <Li> 4.2 Zimmermann Telegram </Li> <Li> 4.3 Sinking of American merchant ships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Public opinion , moralism , and national interest </Li> <Li> 6 Declaration of war <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Germany </Li> <Li> 6.2 Austria - Hungary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Historiography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Primary sources </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Main issues ( edit ) </H2> Further information : Diplomatic history of World War I and Presidency of Woodrow Wilson <H3> Naval blockade ( edit ) </H3> <P> Britain used its large navy to prevent cargo vessels entering German ports , mainly by intercepting them in the North Sea between the coasts of Scotland and Norway . The wider sea approaches to Britain and France , their distance from German harbours and the smaller size of the German surface fleet all made it harder for Germany to reciprocate . Instead , Germany used submarines to lie in wait for , and then sink , merchant ships heading for enemy ports . </P> <P> The United States insisted on maintaining the traditional rights of ships registered in neutral countries and protested strongly against American ships being intercepted or sunk : the British seized American ships for supposed violations , while the Germans sank them -- often without warning , in violation of international law that said sailors must be allowed an opportunity to reach their lifeboats . After several violations , Germany stopped this practice but in early 1917 she decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare , in the hope that this would starve out the British before the Americans could make any effective military retaliation . </P> The Strategy behind the blockade ( edit ) <P> The British Royal Navy successfully stopped the shipment of most war supplies and food to Germany . Neutral American ships that tried to trade with Germany were seized or turned back by the Royal Navy who viewed such trade as in direct conflict with the Allies ' war efforts . The strangulation came about very slowly , because Germany and its allies controlled extensive farmlands and raw materials . It was eventually successful because Germany and Austria - Hungary had decimated their agricultural production by taking so many farmers into their armies . By 1918 , German cities were on the verge of starvation ; the front - line soldiers were on short rations and were running out of essential supplies . </P> <P> Germany also considered a blockade . `` England wants to starve us '' , said Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz , the man who built the German fleet and who remained a key advisor to the Kaiser Wilhelm II . `` We can play the same game . We can bottle her up and destroy every ship that endeavors to break the blockade '' . Unable to challenge the more powerful Royal Navy on the surface , Tirpitz wanted to scare off merchant and passenger ships en route to Britain . He reasoned that since the island of Britain depended on imports of food , raw materials , and manufactured goods , scaring off a substantial number of the ships would effectively undercut its long - term ability to maintain an army on the Western Front . While Germany had only nine long - range U-boats at the start of the war , it had ample shipyard capacity to build the hundreds needed . However , the United States demanded that Germany respect the international agreements upon `` freedom of the seas '' , which protected neutral American ships on the high seas from seizure or sinking by either belligerent . Furthermore , Americans insisted that the drowning of innocent civilians was barbaric and grounds for a declaration of war . The British frequently violated America 's neutral rights by seizing ships . Wilson 's top advisor , Colonel Edward M. House commented that , `` The British have gone as far as they possibly could in violating neutral rights , though they have done it in the most courteous way '' . When Wilson protested British violations of American neutrality , the British backed down . </P> <P> German submarines torpedoed ships without warning , causing sailors and passengers to drown . Berlin explained that submarines were so vulnerable that they dared not surface near merchant ships that might be carrying guns and which were too small to rescue submarine crews . Britain armed most of its merchant ships with medium calibre guns that could sink a submarine , making above - water attacks too risky . In February 1915 , the United States warned Germany about misuse of submarines . On April 22 , the German Imperial Embassy warned U.S. citizens against boarding vessels to Britain , which would have to face German attack . On May 7 , Germany torpedoed the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania , sinking her . This act of aggression caused the loss of 1,198 civilian lives , including 128 Americans . The sinking of a large , unarmed passenger ship , combined with the previous stories of atrocities in Belgium , shocked Americans and turned public opinion hostile to Germany , although not yet to the point of war . Wilson issued a warning to Germany that it would face `` strict accountability '' if it sank more neutral U.S. passenger ships . Berlin acquiesced , ordering its submarines to avoid passenger ships . </P> <P> By January 1917 , however , Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff decided that an unrestricted submarine blockade was the only way to achieve a decisive victory . They demanded that Kaiser Wilhelm order unrestricted submarine warfare be resumed . Germany knew this decision meant war with the United States , but they gambled that they could win before America 's potential strength could be mobilized . However , they overestimated how many ships they could sink and thus the extent Britain would be weakened . Finally , they did not foresee that convoys could and would be used to defeat their efforts . They believed that the United States was so weak militarily that it could not be a factor on the Western Front for more than a year . The civilian government in Berlin objected , but the Kaiser sided with his military . </P> <H3> Business considerations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The beginning of war in Europe coincided with the end of the Recession of 1913 -- 1914 in America . Exports to belligerent nations rose rapidly over the first four years of the War from $824.8 million in 1913 to $2.25 billion in 1917 . Loans from American financial institutions to the Allied nations in Europe also increased dramatically over the same period . Economic activity towards the end of this period boomed as government resources aided the production of the private sector . Between 1914 and 1917 , industrial production increased 32 % and GNP increased by almost 20 % . The improvements to industrial production in the United States outlasted the war . The capital build - up that had allowed American companies to supply belligerents and the American army resulted in a greater long - run rate of production even after the war had ended in 1918 . </P> <P> In 1913 , J.P. Morgan , Jr. took over the House of Morgan , an American - based investment bank consisting of separate banking operations in New York , London , and Paris , after the death of his father , J. Pierpont Morgan . The House of Morgan offered assistance in the wartime financing of Britain and France from the earliest stages of the war in 1914 through America 's entrance in 1917 . J.P. Morgan & Co. , the House of Morgan 's bank in New York , was designated as the primary financial agent to the British government in 1914 after successful lobbying by the British ambassador , Sir Cecil Spring Rice . The same bank would later take a similar role in France and would offer extensive financial assistance to both warring nations . J.P. Morgan &Co

The United States of America joined World War I in

When did the usa join world war one?

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The Red Badge of Courage - wikipedia <H1> The Red Badge of Courage </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the film , see The Red Badge of Courage ( film ) . First edition cover of The Red Badge of Courage ( 1895 ) <P> The Red Badge of Courage is a war novel by American author Stephen Crane ( 1871 -- 1900 ) . Taking place during the American Civil War , the story is about a young private of the Union Army , Henry Fleming , who flees from the field of battle . Overcome with shame , he longs for a wound , a `` red badge of courage , '' to counteract his cowardice . When his regiment once again faces the enemy , Henry acts as standard - bearer , who carries a flag . </P> <P> Although Crane was born after the war , and had not at the time experienced battle first - hand , the novel is known for its realism . He began writing what would become his second novel in 1894 , using various contemporary and written accounts ( such as those published previously by Century Magazine ) as inspiration . It is believed that he based the fictional battle on that of Chancellorsville ; he may also have interviewed veterans of the 124th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment , commonly known as the Orange Blossoms . Initially shortened and serialized in newspapers in December 1894 , the novel was published in full in October 1895 . A longer version of the work , based on Crane 's original manuscript , was published in 1983 . </P> <P> The novel is known for its distinctive style , which includes realistic battle sequences as well as the repeated use of color imagery , and ironic tone . Separating itself from a traditional war narrative , Crane 's story reflects the inner experience of its protagonist ( a soldier fleeing from combat ) rather than the external world around him . Also notable for its use of what Crane called a `` psychological portrayal of fear '' , the novel 's allegorical and symbolic qualities are often debated by critics . Several of the themes that the story explores are maturation , heroism , cowardice , and the indifference of nature . The Red Badge of Courage garnered widespread acclaim , what H.G. Wells called `` an orgy of praise '' , shortly after its publication , making Crane an instant celebrity at the age of twenty - four . The novel and its author did have their initial detractors , however , including author and veteran Ambrose Bierce . Adapted several times for the screen , the novel became a bestseller . It has never been out of print and is now thought to be Crane 's most important work and a major American text . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Publication history </Li> <Li> 3 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 4 Historical accuracy and inspiration </Li> <Li> 5 Style and genre </Li> <Li> 6 Themes </Li> <Li> 7 Reception </Li> <Li> 8 Legacy </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Stephen Crane in 1894 ; print of a portrait by artist and friend Corwin K. Linson <P> Stephen Crane published his first novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets , in March 1893 at the age of 22 . Maggie was not a success , either financially or critically . Most critics thought the unsentimental Bowery tale crude or vulgar , and Crane chose to publish the work privately after it was repeatedly rejected for publication . Crane found inspiration for his next novel while spending hours lounging in a friend 's studio in the early summer of 1893 . There , he became fascinated with issues of Century Magazine that were largely devoted to famous battles and military leaders from the Civil War . Frustrated with the dryly written stories , Crane stated , `` I wonder that some of those fellows do n't tell how they felt in those scraps . They spout enough of what they did , but they 're as emotionless as rocks . '' Returning to these magazines during subsequent visits to the studio , he decided to write a war novel . He later stated that he `` had been unconsciously working the detail of the story out through most of his boyhood '' and had imagined `` war stories ever since he was out of knickerbockers . '' </P> <P> At the time , Crane was intermittently employed as a free - lance writer , contributing articles to various New York City newspapers . He began writing what would become The Red Badge of Courage in June 1893 , while living with his older brother Edmund in Lake View , New Jersey . Crane conceived the story from the point of view of a young private who is at first filled with boyish dreams of the glory of war , only to become disillusioned by war 's reality . He took the private 's surname , `` Fleming , '' from his sister - in - law 's maiden name . He would later relate that the first paragraphs came to him with `` every word in place , every comma , every period fixed . '' Working mostly nights , he wrote from around midnight until four or five in the morning . Because he could not afford a typewriter , he carefully wrote in ink on legal - sized paper , occasionally crossing through or overlying a word . If he changed something , he would rewrite the whole page . He later moved to New York City , where he completed the novel in April 1894 . </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> The title of Crane 's original , 55,000 - word manuscript was `` Private Fleming / His various battles '' , but in order to create the sense of a less traditional Civil War narrative , he ultimately changed the title to The Red Badge of Courage : An Episode of the American Civil War . In early 1894 , Crane submitted the manuscript to S.S. McClure , who held on to it for six months without publication . Frustrated , the author asked for the manuscript to be returned , after which he gave it to Irving Bacheller in October . An abbreviated version of Crane 's story was first serialized in The Philadelphia Press in December 1894 . This version of the story , which was culled to 18,000 words by an editor specifically for the serialization , was reprinted in newspapers across America , establishing Crane 's fame . Crane biographer John Berryman wrote that the story was published in at least 200 small city dailies and approximately 550 weekly papers . In October 1895 , a version , which was 5,000 words shorter than the original manuscript , was printed in book form by D. Appleton & Company . This version of the novel differed greatly from Crane 's original manuscript ; the deletions were thought by some scholars to be due to demands by an Appleton employee who was afraid of public disapproval of the novel 's content . Parts of the original manuscript removed from the 1895 version include all of the twelfth chapter , as well as the endings to chapters seven , ten and fifteen . </P> <P> Crane 's contract with Appleton allowed him to receive a flat ten percent royalty of all copies sold . However , the contract also stipulated that he was not to receive royalties from the books sold in Great Britain , where they were released by Heinemann in early 1896 as part of its Pioneer Series . In 1982 , W.W. Norton & Company published a version of the novel based on Crane 's original 1894 manuscript of 55,000 words . Edited by Henry Binder , this version is questioned by those who believe Crane made the original edits for the 1895 Appleton edition on his own accord . Since its initial publication , the novel has never gone out of print . </P> <H2> Plot summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> On a cold day , the fictional 304th New York Regiment awaits battle beside a river . Eighteen - year - old Private Henry Fleming , remembering his romantic reasons for enlisting as well as his mother 's resulting protests , wonders whether he will remain brave in the face of fear or turn and run . He is comforted by one of his friends from home , Jim Conklin , who admits that he would run from battle if his fellow soldiers also fled . During the regiment 's first battle , Confederate soldiers charge , but are repelled . The enemy quickly regroups and attacks again , this time forcing some of the unprepared Union soldiers to flee . Fearing the battle is a lost cause , Henry deserts his regiment . It is not until after he reaches the rear of the army that he overhears a general announcing the Union 's victory . </P> In despair , he declared that he was not like those others . He now conceded it to be impossible that he should ever become a hero . He was a craven loon . Those pictures of glory were piteous things . He groaned from his heart and went staggering off . <P> The Red Badge of Courage , Chapter eleven </P> <P> Ashamed , Henry escapes into a nearby forest , where he discovers a decaying body in a peaceful clearing . In his distress , he hurriedly leaves the clearing and stumbles upon a group of injured men returning from battle . One member of the group , a `` tattered soldier '' , asks Henry where he is wounded , but the youth dodges the question . Among the group is Jim Conklin , who has been shot in the side and is suffering delirium from blood loss . Jim eventually dies of his injury , defiantly resisting aid from his friend , and an enraged and helpless Henry runs from the wounded soldiers . He next joins a retreating column that is in disarray . In the ensuing panic , a man hits Henry on the head with his rifle , wounding him . Exhausted , hungry , thirsty , and now wounded , Henry decides to return to his regiment regardless of his shame . When he arrives at camp , the other soldiers believe his injury resulted from a grazing bullet during battle . The other men care for the youth , dressing his wound . </P> <P> The next morning Henry goes into battle for the third time . His regiment encounters a small group of Confederates , and in the ensuing fight Henry proves to be a capable soldier , comforted by the belief that his previous cowardice had not been noticed , as he `` had performed his mistakes in the dark , so he was still a man '' . Afterward , while looking for a stream from which to obtain water with a friend , he discovers from the commanding officer that his regiment has a lackluster reputation . The officer speaks casually about sacrificing the 304th because they are nothing more than `` mule drivers '' and `` mud diggers . '' With no other regiments to spare , the general orders his men forward . </P> <P> In the final battle , Henry acts as the flag - bearer after the color sergeant falls . A line of Confederates hidden behind a fence beyond a clearing shoots with impunity at Henry 's regiment , which is ill - covered in the tree - line . Facing withering fire if they stay and disgrace if they retreat , the officers order a charge . Unarmed , Henry leads the men while entirely escaping injury

The novel "The Red Badge of Courage" takes place on

Where does the red badge of courage take place?

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Do n't Take Your Guns to Town - Wikipedia <H1> Do n't Take Your Guns to Town </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Johnny Cash </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Fabulous Johnny Cash </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` I Still Miss Someone '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> December 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Western , country folk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Johnny Cash </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Don Law </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Johnny Cash singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` What Do I Care '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` It 's Just About Time '' ( 1959 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` What Do I Care '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' ( 1958 ) </Td> <Td> `` It 's Just About Time '' ( 1959 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' is a 1958 single by Johnny Cash . The single was his fifth release to reach the number one position on the country chart , where it stayed for six weeks . `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' was also a crossover hit peaking at number thirty - two on the pop chart . The song is also included in the live album VH1 Storytellers : Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson . The song was covered by U2 on their 2001 single `` Elevation '' . </P> <P> Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song tells the story of a young cowboy who , ignoring the titular advice from his mother , gets into a gunfight at a saloon and is killed . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1958 -- 1959 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits : 1944 - 2006 , Second edition . Record Research . p. 74 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits : Eighth Edition . Record Research . p. 110 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Western Writers of America ( 2010 ) . `` The Top 100 Western Songs '' . American Cowboy . Archived from the original on 10 August 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Johnny Cash Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Johnny Cash Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Billy Bayou '' by Jim Reeves </Td> <Td> Hot C&W Sides number one single February 23 , 1959 - March 30 , 1959 ( six weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` When It 's Springtime in Alaska ( It 's Forty Below ) '' by Johnny Horton </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Johnny Cash </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> With His Hot and Blue Guitar </Li> <Li> Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous </Li> <Li> The Fabulous Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Greatest ! </Li> <Li> Songs of Our Soil </Li> <Li> Sings Hank Williams </Li> <Li> Now , There Was a Song ! </Li> <Li> Now Here 's Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> The Sound of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> All Aboard the Blue Train </Li> <Li> Ring of Fire : The Best of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> The Original Sun Sound of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> I Walk the Line </Li> <Li> Orange Blossom Special </Li> <Li> Everybody Loves a Nut </Li> <Li> Happiness Is You </Li> <Li> Old Golden Throat </Li> <Li> More of Old Golden Throat </Li> <Li> Hello , I 'm Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> The World of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Man in Black </Li> <Li> A Thing Called Love </Li> <Li> Any Old Wind That Blows </Li> <Li> Ragged Old Flag </Li> <Li> The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me </Li> <Li> John R. Cash </Li> <Li> Look at Them Beans </Li> <Li> One Piece at a Time </Li> <Li> The Last Gunfighter Ballad </Li> <Li> I Would Like to See You Again </Li> <Li> Gone Girl </Li> <Li> Silver </Li> <Li> Rockabilly Blues </Li> <Li> The Baron </Li> <Li> The Adventures of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Johnny 99 </Li> <Li> Rainbow </Li> <Li> Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town </Li> <Li> Classic Cash : Hall of Fame Series </Li> <Li> Water from the Wells of Home </Li> <Li> Boom Chicka Boom </Li> <Li> The Mystery of Life </Li> <Li> American Recordings </Li> <Li> Unchained </Li> <Li> American III : Solitary Man </Li> <Li> American IV : The Man Comes Around </Li> <Li> Personal File </Li> <Li> American V : A Hundred Highways </Li> <Li> American VI : Ai n't No Grave </Li> <Li> Out Among the Stars </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Concept albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ride This Train </Li> <Li> Blood , Sweat and Tears </Li> <Li> Bitter Tears : Ballads of the American Indian </Li> <Li> Sings the Ballads of the True West </Li> <Li> From Sea to Shining Sea </Li> <Li> America : A 200 - Year Salute in Story and Song </Li> <Li> The Johnny Cash Children 's Album </Li> <Li> The Rambler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gospel albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hymns by Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Hymns from the Heart </Li> <Li> The Holy Land </Li> <Li> The Gospel Road </Li> <Li> Sings Precious Memories </Li> <Li> A Believer Sings the Truth </Li> <Li> Believe in Him </Li> <Li> Return to the Promised Land </Li> <Li> My Mother 's Hymn Book </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Christmas albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Christmas Spirit </Li> <Li> The Johnny Cash Family Christmas </Li> <Li> Classic Christmas </Li> <Li> Johnny Cash Country Christmas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Collaborations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Lure of the Grand Canyon </Li> <Li> Carryin ' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter </Li> <Li> Johnny Cash and His Woman </Li> <Li> The Legend of Jesse James </Li> <Li> The Survivors Live </Li> <Li> Highwayman </Li> <Li> Class of ' 55 </Li> <Li> Heroes </Li> <Li> Highwayman 2 </Li> <Li> The Road Goes on Forever </Li> <Li> VH1 Storytellers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> At Folsom Prison </Li> <Li> At San Quentin </Li> <Li> The Johnny Cash Show </Li> <Li> På Österåker </Li> <Li> Strawberry Cake </Li> <Li> Koncert v Praze ( In Prague -- Live ) </Li> <Li> At Madison Square Garden </Li> <Li> A Concert Behind Prison Walls </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Non-gospel soundtracks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> I Walk the Line </Li> <Li> Little Fauss and Big Halsy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits , Vol. 1 </Li> <Li> Heart of Cash </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits , Vol. 2 </Li> <Li> Sunday Morning Coming Down </Li> <Li> International Superstar </Li> <Li> Five Feet High and Rising </Li> <Li> Destination Victoria Station </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits , Vol. 3 </Li> <Li> The Unissued Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Johnny & June </Li> <Li> Tall Man </Li> <Li> Encore </Li> <Li> Biggest Hits </Li> <Li> The Man in Black 1954 -- 1958 </Li> <Li> The Man in Black 1959 -- 1962 </Li> <Li> Come Along and Ride This Train </Li> <Li> The Essential Johnny Cash ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> Wanted Man </Li> <Li> The Man in Black 1963 -- 1969 </Li> <Li> The Man in Black -- His Greatest Hits </Li> <Li> 16 Biggest Hits </Li> <Li> Love , God , Murder </Li> <Li> The Essential Johnny Cash ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> Unearthed </Li> <Li> The Legend </Li> <Li> The Legend of Johnny Cash </Li> <Li> Johnny Cash : Patriot </Li> <Li> 16 Biggest Hits : Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash </Li> <Li> The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II </Li> <Li> The Complete Columbia Album Collection </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` 25 Minutes to Go '' </Li> <Li> `` Seasons of My Heart '' </Li> <Li> `` Any Old Wind That Blows '' </Li> <Li> `` The Ballad of Boot Hill '' </Li> <Li> `` The Ballad of Ira Hayes '' </Li> <Li> `` Ballad of a Teenage Queen '' </Li> <Li> `` Big River '' </Li> <Li> `` Blistered '' </Li> <Li> `` A Boy Named Sue '' </Li> <Li> `` Busted '' </Li> <Li> `` Cat 's in the Cradle '' </Li> <Li> `` Cocaine Blues '' </Li> <Li> `` Cry ! Cry ! Cry ! '' </Li> <Li> `` Daddy Sang Bass '' </Li> <Li> `` Dark as a Dungeon '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Take Your Guns to Town '' </Li> <Li> `` Engine 143 '' </Li> <Li> `` Flesh and Blood '' </Li> <Li> `` The Folk Singer '' </Li> <Li> `` Folsom Prison Blues '' </Li> <Li> `` Forty Shades of Green '' </Li> <Li> `` Get Rhythm '' </Li> <Li> `` Give My Love to Rose '' </Li> <Li> `` Goodnight , Irene '' </Li> <Li> `` Green , Green Grass of Home '' </Li> <Li> `` Greystone Chapel '' </Li> <Li> `` Guess Things Happen That Way '' </Li> <Li> `` Hey , Porter '' </Li> <Li> `` Home of the Blues '' </Li> <Li> `` Hurt '' </Li> <Li> `` I Could n't Keep from Crying '' </Li> <Li> `` I Love You Because '' </Li> <Li> `` I Still Miss Someone '' </Li> <Li> `` I Walk the Line '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Had a Hammer '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Were a Carpenter '' </Li> <Li> `` In My Life '' </Li> <Li> `` In the Jailhouse Now '' </Li> <Li> `` It Ai n't Me Babe '' </Li> <Li> `` Jackson '' </Li> <Li> `` Kate '' </Li> <Li> `` The Man Comes Around '' </Li> <Li> `` Man in Black '' </Li> <Li> `` The Matador '' </Li> <Li> `` Oh Lonesome Me '' </Li> <Li> `` One Piece at a Time '' </Li> <Li> `` Oney '' </Li> <Li> `` Orange Blossom Special '' </Li> <Li> `` The One on the Right Is on the Left '' </Li> <Li> `` Remember the Alamo '' </Li> <Li> `` ( Ghost ) Riders in the Sky '' </Li> <Li> `` Ring of Fire '' </Li> <Li> `` Rock Island Line '' </Li> <Li> `` So Doggone Lonesome '' </Li> <Li> `` Sunday Mornin ' Comin ' Down '' </Li> <Li> `` Tennessee Flat Top Box '' </Li> <Li> `` There Ai n't No Good Chain Gang '' </Li> <Li> `` A Thing Called Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Understand Your Man '' </Li>

The song "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" is sung by

Who sings don't take your guns to town?

5186266244253617463

List of European cities by Population within city limits - wikipedia <H1> List of European cities by Population within city limits </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This is a list of the largest cities in Europe ranked according to population within their city limits . It deals exclusively with the areas within city administrative boundaries ( municipalities ) as opposed to urban areas or metropolitan areas , which are generally larger in terms of population than the main city . </P> <P> The list includes cities geographically situated in Europe , using the conventional definition of its boundaries . </P> <P> It is notable that Istanbul 's commercial and historical center lies on the European side , and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side . 64.7 % of the residents live on the European side , and 35.3 % on the Asian side . According to the population within city limits value listed below , the city as a whole is larger than Moscow . However , the European side is not as populous as Moscow . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Map all coordinates using : OpenStreetMap Google Maps </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Download coordinates as : KML GPX </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Largest cities </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 Notes </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Largest cities ( edit ) </H2> <P> Note : The cities are sorted by the column labelled Population within city limits . Cities in bold are capital cities of their respective countries . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Population within city limits </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> 2011 Eurostat population </Th> <Th> Image </Th> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Istanbul </Td> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> 7007150292310000000 ♠ 15,029,231 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 12 - 31 - 0000 31 December 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 41 ° 00 ′ 49 '' N 28 ° 57 ′ 18 '' E  /  41.013611 ° N 28.955 ° E  / 41.013611 ; 28.955  ( 1 Istanbul ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> 7007131975960000000 ♠ 13,197,596 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 55 ° 45 ′ 00 '' N 37 ° 37 ′ 00 '' E  /  55.75 ° N 37.616667 ° E  / 55.75 ; 37.616667  ( 2 Moscow ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 7006878789200000000 ♠ 8,787,892 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 06 - 30 - 0000 30 June 2016 </Td> <Td> 7006817394100000000 ♠ 8,173,941 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 51 ° 30 ′ 26 '' N 0 ° 07 ′ 39 '' W  /  51.507222 ° N 0.1275 ° W  / 51.507222 ; - 0.1275  ( 3 London ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Saint Petersburg </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> 7006532330000000000 ♠ 5,323,300 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2017 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 59 ° 57 ′ N 30 ° 18 ′ E  /  59.95 ° N 30.3 ° E  / 59.95 ; 30.3  ( 1 Saint Petersburg ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Berlin </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 7006367100000000000 ♠ 3,671,000 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 12 - 31 - 0000 31 December 2016 </Td> <Td> 7006346072500000000 ♠ 3,460,725 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 52 ° 31 ′ 00 '' N 13 ° 23 ′ 00 '' E  /  52.516667 ° N 13.383333 ° E  / 52.516667 ; 13.383333  ( 5 Berlin ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Madrid </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 7006316523500000000 ♠ 3,165,235 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2014 </Td> <Td> 7006319864500000000 ♠ 3,198,645 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 40 ° 23 ′ 00 '' N 3 ° 43 ′ 00 '' W  /  40.383333 ° N 3.716667 ° W  / 40.383333 ; - 3.716667  ( 6 Madrid ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> Kiev </Td> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td> 7006293440100000000 ♠ 2,934,401 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 01 - 0000 1 February 2018 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50 ° 27 ′ 00 '' N 30 ° 31 ′ 24 '' E  /  50.45 ° N 30.523333 ° E  / 50.45 ; 30.523333  ( 8 Kiev ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Rome </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 7006287903800000000 ♠ 2,879,038 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 10 - 19 - 0000 19 October 2017 </Td> <Td> 7006287349400000000 ♠ 2,873,494 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 41 ° 54 ′ N 12 ° 30 ′ E  /  41.9 ° N 12.5 ° E  / 41.9 ; 12.5  ( 7 Rome ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> Paris </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> 7006224134600000000 ♠ 2,241,346 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2014 </Td> <Td> 7006224997700000000 ♠ 2,249,977 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 48 ° 51 ′ 24 '' N 2 ° 21 ′ 03 '' E  /  48.8567 ° N 2.3508 ° E  / 48.8567 ; 2.3508  ( 9 Paris ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Minsk </Td> <Td> Belarus </Td> <Td> 7006194940000000000 ♠ 1,949,400 </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 10 - 01 - 0000 1 October 2015 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 53 ° 54 ′ 00 '' N 27 ° 34 ′ 00 '' E  /  53.9 ° N 27.566667 ° E  / 53.9 ; 27.566667  ( 10 Minsk ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> Bucharest </Td> <Td> Romania </Td> <Td> 7006188314400000000 ♠ 1,883,144 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2016 </Td> <Td> 7006190329900000000 ♠ 1,903,299 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 44 ° 25 ′ 57 '' N 26 ° 06 ′ 14 '' E  /  44.4325 ° N 26.103889 ° E  / 44.4325 ; 26.103889  ( 11 Bucharest ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> Vienna </Td> <Td> Austria </Td> <Td> 7006187783600000000 ♠ 1,877,836 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 07 - 01 - 0000 1 July 2017 </Td> <Td> 7006159862600000000 ♠ 1,598,626 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 48 ° 12 ′ 00 '' N 16 ° 22 ′ 00 '' E  /  48.2 ° N 16.366667 ° E  / 48.2 ; 16.366667  ( 12 Vienna ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> Budapest </Td> <Td> Hungary </Td> <Td> 7006175940700000000 ♠ 1,759,407 </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2015 </Td> <Td> 7006172904000000000 ♠ 1,729,040 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 47 ° 29 ′ 33 '' N 19 ° 03 ′ 05 '' E  /  47.4925 ° N 19.051389 ° E  / 47.4925 ; 19.051389  ( 14 Budapest ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> Hamburg </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 7006175804100000000 ♠ 1,758,041 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 10 - 31 - 0000 31 October 2014 </Td> <Td> 7006178644800000000 ♠ 1,786,448 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 53 ° 33 ′ 55 '' N 10 ° 00 ′ 05 '' E  /  53.565278 ° N 10.001389 ° E  / 53.565278 ; 10.001389  ( 13 Hamburg ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> Warsaw </Td> <Td> Poland </Td> <Td> 7006174891600000000 ♠ 1,748,916 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 06 - 30 - 0000 30 June 2016 </Td> <Td> 7006170849100000000 ♠ 1,708,491 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 52 ° 14 ′ 00 '' N 21 ° 01 ′ 00 '' E  /  52.233333 ° N 21.016667 ° E  / 52.233333 ; 21.016667  ( 15 Warsaw ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> 7006160238600000000 ♠ 1,602,386 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2014 </Td> <Td> 7006161101300000000 ♠ 1,611,013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 41 ° 23 ′ 00 '' N 2 ° 11 ′ 00 '' E  /  41.383333 ° N 2.183333 ° E  / 41.383333 ; 2.183333  ( 16 Barcelona ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Munich </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> 7006152167800000000 ♠ 1,521,678 </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 12 - 31 - 0000 31 December 2015 </Td> <Td> 7006137817600000000 ♠ 1,378,176 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 48 ° 08 ′ 00 '' N 11 ° 34 ′ 00 '' E  /  48.133333 ° N 11.566667 ° E  / 48.133333 ; 11.566667  ( 18 Munich ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> Kharkiv </Td> <Td> Ukraine </Td> <Td> 7006143156500000000 ♠ 1,431,565 </Td> <Td> 000000002014 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2014 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50 ° 00 ′ 16 '' N 36 ° 13 ′ 53 '' E  /  50.004444 ° N 36.231389 ° E  / 50.004444 ; 36.231389  ( 17 Kharkiv ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> 7006136269500000000 ♠ 1,362,695 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 07 - 31 - 0000 31 July 2017 </Td> <Td> 7006132411000000000 ♠ 1,324,110 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 45 ° 28 ′ 00 '' N 9 ° 11 ′ 00 '' E  /  45.466667 ° N 9.183333 ° E  / 45.466667 ; 9.183333  ( 19 Milan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Prague </Td> <Td> Czech Republic </Td> <Td> 7006128020800000000 ♠ 1,280,208 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 12 - 31 - 0000 31 December 2016 </Td> <Td> 7006124166400000000 ♠ 1,241,664 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50 ° 05 ′ 00 '' N 14 ° 25 ′ 00 '' E  /  50.083333 ° N 14.416667 ° E  / 50.083333 ; 14.416667  ( 21 Prague ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Sofia </Td> <Td> Bulgaria </Td> <Td> 7006132402400000000 ♠ 1,324,024 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 09 - 15 - 0000 15 September 2017 </Td> <Td> 7006132402500000000 ♠ 1,324,025 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 42 ° 42 ′ N 23 ° 20 ′ E  /  42.7 ° N 23.33 ° E  / 42.7 ; 23.33  ( 22 Bulgaria ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Nizhny Novgorod </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> 7006125000000000000 ♠ 1,250,000 </Td> <Td> 000000002013 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2013 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 56 ° 19 ′ 37 '' N 44 ° 00 ′ 27 '' E  /  56.326944 ° N 44.0075 ° E  / 56.326944 ; 44.0075  ( 20 Nizhny Novgorod ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Kazan </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> 7006121696500000000 ♠ 1,216,965 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 55 ° 47 ′ 25 '' N 49 ° 08 ′ 05 '' E  /  55.790278 ° N 49.134722 ° E  / 55.790278 ; 49.134722  ( 23 Kazan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Brussels </Td> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 7006117182800000000 ♠ 1,171,828 </Td> <Td> 000000002015 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2015 </Td> <Td> 7006113677800000000 ♠ 1,136,778 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 50 ° 50 ′ 48 '' N 4 ° 21 ′ 09 '' E  /  50.8467 ° N 4.3525 ° E  / 50.8467 ; 4.3525  ( 26 Brussels ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Samara </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> 7006117091000000000 ♠ 1,170,910 </Td> <Td> 000000002016 - 01 - 01 - 0000 1 January 2016 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 53 ° 12 ′ 10 '' N 50 ° 08 ′

The five cities with the highest population in Europe are Moscow, London, St. Petersburg, Berlin, and

5 cities with the highest population in europe?

-2306775016318180243

My kinsman , Major Molineux - Wikipedia <H1> My kinsman , Major Molineux </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` My Kinsman , Major Molineux '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Nathaniel Hawthorne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Short story </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published in </Th> <Td> The Token and Atlantic Souvenir ( 1st ) The Snow - Image , and Other Twice - Told Tales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication type </Th> <Td> Periodical ( 1st ) Short story collection </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Samuel Goodrich ( 1st ) Ticknor , Reed & Fields </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1832 ( 1st ) 1852 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` My Kinsman , Major Molineux '' is a short story written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1831 . It first appeared in the 1832 edition of The Token and Atlantic Souvenir , published by Samuel Goodrich . It later appeared in The Snow - Image , and Other Twice - Told Tales , a collection of short stories by Hawthorne published in 1852 by Ticknor , Reed & Fields . The story exemplifies the darkest times of American development . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In about 1732 , Robin , a youth , arrives by ferry in Boston seeking his kinsman , Major Molineux , an official in the British Colonial government , who has promised him work . Yet no one in town tells him where the major is . A rich man threatens the youth with prison , and an innkeeper calls him a runaway bond - servant . At the inn , he meets a man with a face described as looking like the devil - two protrusions emanating from his forehead ( like horns ) , eyes burning like ' fire in a cave ' - who seems at the center of many evil things . Later , he runs into the man again , but this time his face is painted black and red . After blocking his path with a cudgel , he finally gets the answer that his kinsman will soon pass by . He waits at the spot on the steps of a church where he is greeted by the first polite gentleman he has met all night . Soon , the two men hear the roar of an approaching mob . At its head is the man with the red and black face and in its midst is Major Molineux , tarred and feathered . The crowd is in an uproar , and everyone is laughing . Soon , so is young Robin , as his eyes meet those of the Major , who knows him right away . Disillusioned , the youth asks the gentleman the way back to the ferry . Yet the latter restrains him , saying that it is still possible for him to thrive without his kinsman 's protection . </P> <H2> Adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The American poet Robert Lowell adapted this story into one of the three plays in his trilogy The Old Glory , first produced by the American Place Theatre in New York City in 1964 . Lowell 's version of the story is a more cartoonish and surreal version than the original . </P> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikisource has original text related to this article : My Kinsman , Major Molineux </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> E-text version of ' My Kinsman , Major Molineux ' </Li> <Li> My Kinsman , Major Molineux public domain audiobook at LibriVox </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Nathaniel Hawthorne </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fanshawe ( 1828 ) </Li> <Li> The Scarlet Letter ( 1850 ) </Li> <Li> The House of the Seven Gables ( 1851 ) </Li> <Li> The Blithedale Romance ( 1852 ) </Li> <Li> The Marble Faun ( 1860 ) </Li> <Li> The Dolliver Romance ( 1863 ) </Li> <Li> Doctor Grimshaw 's Secret ( 1882 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short story collections </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Twice - Told Tales ( 1837 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Minister 's Black Veil '' </Li> <Li> `` The May - Pole of Merry Mount '' </Li> <Li> `` The Great Carbuncle '' </Li> <Li> `` Dr. Heidegger 's Experiment '' </Li> <Li> `` The Ambitious Guest '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mosses from an Old Manse ( 1846 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The Birth - Mark '' </Li> <Li> `` Young Goodman Brown '' </Li> <Li> `` Rappaccini 's Daughter '' </Li> <Li> `` Egotism ; or , The Bosom - Serpent '' </Li> <Li> `` Roger Malvin 's Burial '' </Li> <Li> `` P. 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Kinsman,_Major_Molineux&oldid=824834115 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1832 short stories </Li> <Li> Short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne </Li> <Li> Works originally published in The Token and Atlantic Souvenir </Li> <Li> Story stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from February 2018 </Li> <Li> Articles with permanently dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with LibriVox links </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 9 February 2018 , at 19 : 49 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The young man in Hawthorne's "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" is

Who is the young man in hawthorne's my kinsman major molineux?

4888675058725200592

Benjamin Stone ( Law & Order character ) - wikipedia <H1> Benjamin Stone ( Law & Order character ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ben Stone </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Law & Order character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> `` Prescription for Death '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> `` Old Friends '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Michael Moriarty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time on show </Th> <Td> 1990 -- 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Td> 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Credited appearances </Th> <Td> 88 episodes ( total ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> Jack McCoy </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Benjamin `` Ben '' Stone is a fictional character portrayed by Michael Moriarty in the TV drama Law & Order . He was the Executive Assistant District Attorney for New York County until his resignation at the end of season four . He appeared in 88 episodes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Character overview </Li> <Li> 2 Career within the show </Li> <Li> 3 Post-departure </Li> <Li> 4 Family </Li> <Li> 5 Reason for departure </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Character overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stone works in the Manhattan District Attorney 's office under Alfred Wentworth ( in the pilot episode ) and Adam Schiff . He was raised in an Irish Catholic family . He was raised mostly by his Irish grandmother , his father having been an alcoholic . Stone is divorced and has a son , Peter Stone , who was the Deputy Chief of the Special Prosecutions Bureau in Chicago and is now the Chief ADA of the Sex Crimes Bureau in New York , and a daughter , Pamela . </P> <P> Stone 's prosecutorial methods are portrayed as being grounded in moral principles stemming from his Catholic faith . He is shown to be pro-life and opposed to the death penalty . He also is a strong advocate of social justice , having marched in the civil rights movement . It is implied that Stone , like actor Moriarty , is a Dartmouth College alumnus , with references to `` fraternity row '' and New Hampshire . </P> <H2> Career within the show ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stone became Executive Assistant DA in 1985 after convicting con artist and murderer Philip Swann , who years later enters a civil suit against Stone when the validity of the conviction is called into question . ( Swann is ultimately found guilty , however , and sent back to prison . ) Stone 's assistants have been Paul Robinette and Claire Kincaid . </P> <P> A strict , unyielding boss , Stone can be very difficult to work with ; in the pilot episode , Sergeant Max Greevey and Detective Mike Logan , intimate that Stone `` eats ADAs for lunch . '' Nevertheless , Stone is usually rather soft - spoken , and is fond of using harmless words like `` sir '' to convey his contempt for the people he prosecutes . </P> <P> Stone makes his last appearance in the show in the episode `` Old Friends , '' the final episode of season four . The episode portrays a racketeering case in which the main witness ( portrayed by Allison Janney ) , whose testimony Stone had secured by threatening to send her to prison , is murdered by the Russian Mafia . He feels responsible for her death and resigns from the DA 's office . He is succeeded by Jack McCoy as Executive ADA . </P> <H2> Post-departure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stone is mentioned in the 1996 episode `` Custody '' as a possible witness against a judge . When his former assistant Paul Robinette , now a defense attorney , wants a judge to recuse himself for past comments showing bias against drug addicts and support for forced sterilization , Robinette threatens to subpoena Stone to testify about the comments , which both he and Stone heard the judge make . Upon hearing of the threat , Schiff informs McCoy that Stone `` is travelling in Europe , not available to testify at any hearing . '' However , the judge by this time has already declared himself `` unavailable '' to hear the case . </P> <P> Twenty - one years later , his son Peter is introduced in the Chicago Justice episode `` Uncertainty Principle '' . He has followed in his father 's footsteps as an ADA . In the 19th season of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , Peter succeeds Rafael Barba as ADA for the titular sex crimes bureau . </P> <P> The opening scene of the Law & Order : Special Victims Unit episode `` The Undiscovered Country '' ( aired in 2018 ) reveals that Ben has passed away from something unknown . The episode shows Ben 's successor as Manhattan DA , Jack McCoy , giving the eulogy at the funeral . </P> <H2> Family ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stone 's son is Peter Stone , a Cook County Assistant State 's Attorney and lead character on Chicago Justice . Peter first appears on the Chicago P.D. episode `` Justice '' , which is the backdoor pilot for Chicago Justice . After the latter 's cancellation , Peter will also star in season 19 of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . </P> <P> Stone also had a daughter , Pamela , who appears in the nineteenth - season episode `` Send in the Clowns '' of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . Pamela is schizophrenic , living in a psychiatric hospital in upstate New York . According to Peter , Ben would visit Pamela once a week , and Peter has continued the visits since their father 's death . </P> <H2> Reason for departure ( edit ) </H2> <P> Stone 's departure from the series stemmed from actor Michael Moriarty 's dispute with the network and U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno , who in 1993 began promoting legislation to limit portrayals of violence on television . Moriarty , who was outspoken against Reno and what he felt was government censorship , was scheduled to appear on NBC shows Today and Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric , but both ended up canceled . Moriarty had already taped his segment for Now ; for his Today show appearance , during which he was scheduled to debate Senator Kent Conrad , he was replaced by FCC chairman Reed Hundt . Both appearances were scheduled to air on January 26 , 1994 . Moriarty submitted his resignation to producer Dick Wolf on January 25 , 1994 , and his departure was written into the series . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Troubles '' . Law & Order . Season 1 . Episode 20 . November 26 , 1991 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Prescription For Death '' . Law & Order . Season 1 . Episode 1 . September 13 , 1990 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Breaking News - NBC 's New Comedies Earn Key Timeslots with Strong Support While Powerful Sunday Lineup Launches March 5 as # 1 Network Sets Midseason Slate - TheFutonCritic.com '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Night and Fog '' . Law & Order . Season 3 . Episode 13 . February 3 , 1993 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Life Choice '' . Law & Order . Season 1 . Episode 12 . January 8 , 1991 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Vengeance '' . Law & Order . Season 2 . Episode 16 . February 18 , 1992 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sanctuary '' . Law & Order . Season 4 . Episode 19 . April 13 , 1994 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` American Dream '' . Law & Order . Season 4 . Episode 8 . November 9 , 1993 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Everybody 's Favorite Bagman '' . Law & Order . Season 1 . Episode 6 . October 30 , 1990 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Old Friends '' . Law & Order . Season 4 . Episode 22 . May 25 , 1994 . NBC . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stanhope , Kate ( January 18 , 2017 ) . `` ' Chicago Justice ' : Dick Wolf Talks 3 - Show Crossover , ' Law & Order ' Comparisons '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 19 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kimberly Roots ( August 8 , 2017 ) . `` Law & Order SVU : Philip Winchester to Bring Chicago Justice Role to NY '' . TVLine . Retrieved August 12 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Brozan , Nadine ( February 1 , 1994 ) . `` Chronicle '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 30 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Weber , Bruce ( March 4 , 1994 ) . `` On Stage , and Off '' . The New York Times . Retrieved June 30 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Law & Order </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characters </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Police </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sgt . Max Greevey </Li> <Li> Sgt . Phil Cerreta </Li> <Li> Lennie Briscoe </Li> <Li> Joe Fontana </Li> <Li> Ed Green </Li> <Li> Cyrus Lupo </Li> <Li> Mike Logan </Li> <Li> Rey Curtis </Li> <Li> Nick Falco </Li> <Li> Nina Cassady </Li> <Li> Kevin Bernard </Li> <Li> Captain Donald Cragen </Li> <Li> Lieutenant Anita Van Buren </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> District attorneys </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Benjamin Stone </Li> <Li> Jack McCoy </Li> <Li> Michael Cutter </Li> <Li> Paul Robinette </Li> <Li> Claire Kincaid </Li> <Li> Jamie Ross </Li> <Li> Abbie Carmichael </Li> <Li> Serena Southerlyn </Li> <Li> Alexandra Borgia </Li> <Li> Connie Rubirosa </Li> <Li> Adam Schiff </Li> <Li> Nora Lewin </Li> <Li> Arthur Branch </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recurring characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth Olivet , Ph. D . </Li> <Li> Emil Skoda , M.D. </Li> <Li> Elizabeth Rodgers , M.D. </Li> <Li> Danielle Melnick </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seasons </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 5 </Li> <Li> 6 </Li> <Li> 7 </Li> <Li> 8 </Li> <Li> 9 </Li> <Li> 10 </Li> <Li> 11 </Li> <Li> 12 </Li> <Li> 13 </Li> <Li> 14 </Li> <Li> 15 </Li> <Li> 16 </Li> <Li> 17 </Li> <Li> 18 </Li> <Li> 19 </Li> <Li> 20 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable episodes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Prescription for Death '' </Li> <Li> `` Everybody 's Favorite Bagman '' </Li> <Li> `` Manhood '' </Li> <Li> `` Aftershock '' </Li> <Li> `` Empire '' </Li> <Li> `` Mother 's Day '' </Li> <Li> `` Sunday in the Park with Jorge '' </Li> <Li> `` Public Service Homicide '' </Li> <Li> `` Burn Card '' </Li> <Li> `` The Drowned and the Saved '' </Li> <Li> `` Dignity '' </Li> <Li> `` Fed '' </Li> <Li> `` Blackmail '' </Li> <Li> `` Steel - Eyed Death '' </Li> <Li> `` Boy on Fire '' </Li> <Li> `` Rubber Room '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> TV film </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Exiled : A Law & Order Movie

The role of Ben Stone's son on Law and Order was played by

Who played ben stone son on law and order?

-8594286946490162993

As Told by Ginger - Wikipedia <H1> As Told by Ginger </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> As Told by Ginger </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Logo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Comedy Teen drama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Emily Kapnek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developed by </Th> <Td> Kate Boutilier Eryk Casemiro </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Mark Risley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Melissa Disney Kenny Blank Jeannie Elias Jackie Harris Laraine Newman Kathleen Freeman Aspen Miller Tress MacNeille Liz Georges Cree Summer Kath Soucie Adam Wylie Sandy Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` I 'm in Between '' performed by Macy Gray Written by Jared Faber and Emily Kapnek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jared Faber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 60 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 24 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Klasky - Csupo Nickelodeon Animation Studio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Viacom International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Nickelodeon ( 2000 -- 04 ) Nicktoons Network ( 2004 -- 06 ) The Splat ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 25 , 2000 ( 2000 - 10 - 25 ) -- November 14 , 2006 ( 2006 - 11 - 14 ) ( original run ) October 22 -- 23 , 2016 ( additional episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As Told by Ginger ( also known as As Told by Ginger Foutley ) is an American animated television series aimed at teenagers , produced by Klasky - Csupo and aired on Nickelodeon . The series focuses on a middle schooler ( and later a high schooler ) girl named Ginger Foutley who , with her friends , tries to become more than a social geek . </P> <P> As Told by Ginger ended production in 2004 , although some episodes remain unaired on U.S. television . It was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) . The series was praised and noted for the fact that it had ongoing story arcs and characters who developed , aged and changed their clothes throughout the show , rare for an animated series . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Characters </Li> <Li> 1.2 Setting </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Continuity and themes </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Television films </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Production <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Show airings </Li> <Li> 4.2 DVD and iTunes releases </Li> <Li> 4.3 Theme song </Li> <Li> 4.4 Closing credits </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characters ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of As Told by Ginger characters <P> The show focuses mainly on the life of junior high school student Ginger Foutley ( Melissa Disney ) . She , along with her friends , Darren Patterson ( Kenny Blank ) , Deirdre Hortense `` Dodie '' Bishop ( Aspen Miller ) , and Macie Lightfoot ( Jackie Harris ) , try to rise from the position of school geeks as they solve many conflicts that come their way . </P> <P> Luckily for Ginger , the most popular girl in school , Courtney Gripling ( Liz Georges ) , has taken a liking to her and often includes her in her social plans . She is intrigued by her `` gingerisms '' , as Courtney calls them . However , Miranda Killgallen ( Cree Summer ) , Courtney 's right - hand woman , makes sure that she is not bumped down from her position thanks to Ginger . At home , Ginger records her lively adventures in her diary . Her little brother , Carl ( Jeannie Elias ) , is often scheming with Robert - Joseph `` Hoodsey '' Bishop ( Tress MacNeille ) in his own side plots , and her mother , Lois ( Laraine Newman ) , is always there for advice to which Ginger is always open to listen . </P> <H3> Setting ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series takes place in the fictional suburban town of Sheltered Shrubs , located in Connecticut . Sheltered Shrubs is based on the real town of Larchmont , New York , where series creator Emily Kapnek moved to when she was in junior high . She said the town became `` sort of the basis for this show '' . Other towns noted in the series are Protected Pines , a gated community in which Courtney lives , Brittle Branches , where Ginger 's father resides , and Heathered Hills , the town of Ginger 's summer camp crush , Sasha . </P> <H2> Continuity and themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> As Told by Ginger has been recognized by fans and Nickelodeon alike for its character development , most of which is unusual for a cartoon . </P> <P> In the first season , Ginger 's age group is hinted as being in seventh grade . By the second season , they move up to eighth grade rather than remaining the same age . In this season , Darren had his unwieldy orthodontia that he had been wearing for the entire first season removed , which resulted in rising popularity . They graduate junior high in the middle of the third season and move on to becoming freshmen in high school . Carl 's age group works in a similar way , as they become junior high students by the third season . Many episodes have references to previous episodes , giving the episodes a definite order . </P> <P> One of the most noticeable developments is that the characters change clothes every episode and often every new day within the same episode , a highly unusual characteristic of animated cartoons . Most animated cartoons have their characters remain in the same outfits throughout the series to save time and money . This was most conspicuous amongst the girls in Ginger 's age group ( Dodie , Courtney , Macie , Miranda and Ginger herself ) and some of the adults such as Ginger 's mother . After Darren got his orthodontia removed , he changed clothes as well . Carl 's age group only changes clothes infrequently and with little changes . Hoodsey 's coat rack has identical purple hooded - sweatshirts , mocking cartoons whose characters always remain in the same outfits . Unlike most live - action shows whose characters only wear an outfit once , As Told by Ginger characters wear their outfits in rotation , and new outfits are added every few episodes . </P> <P> The series also deals with several deeper themes . In `` Wicked Game '' , Ginger 's two best friends betray her after feeling jealousy toward her new boyfriend , Darren . In `` And She Was Gone '' , the staff and students at school think Ginger is suicidally depressed after she writes a disturbing poem which worries them . In the episode `` No Hope for Courtney '' , Carl 's pranks cause his teacher to retire . After she agrees to come back , Mrs. Gordon passes on . In actuality , Mrs. Gordon 's voice actress , Kathleen Freeman , died before the episode 's completion , and the script was rewritten to be dedicated to her . `` A Lesson in Tightropes '' has Ginger going through an emotional break - up with Darren while , at the same time , having to get surgery for appendicitis . Furthermore , the episode `` Stuff 'll Kill Ya '' shows Ginger dealing with a coffee and caffeine addiction . </P> <Ul> <Li> In the TV film The Wedding Frame , when the Foutleys are driving to their soon - to - be home , they pass a cemetery park . One tombstone reads `` ATBG '' while the other reads `` RIP '' . ATBG is short for As Told by Ginger and RIP is short for `` Rest in Peace '' . This is a nod to the fact that this film is the series finale . </Li> <Li> A girl named Leandra , who had a bone marrow illness and was a Make - A-Wish patient , was a fan of the series and watched it during her treatments . Her wish was to be a character on the show , so she appeared and voiced a character named after her in a scene of the episode `` Butterflies are Free '' , where Ginger , Macie and Dodie greet her by name . </Li> </Ul> <P> Unlike most other Nicktoons , the series was aired on the TEENick block . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of As Told by Ginger episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Original airings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season premiere </Th> <Th> Season finale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Pilot </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> October 25 , 2000 </Td> <Td> December 10 , 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> February 11 , 2002 </Td> <Td> June 29 , 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> August 9 , 2003 </Td> <Td> October 23 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Sixty episodes ( not including the pilot episode ) were produced for the show . </P> <Dl> <Dd> The pilot was produced in 1999 and was officially completed on September 10 of that year . </Dd> <Dd> Season One was produced from 2000 to 2001 . </Dd> <Dd> Season Two was produced from 2002 to 2003 . </Dd> <Dd> Season Three was produced in 2003 . </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Television films ( edit ) </H3> <P> There were four television films that aired during the series ' run . </P> <Ul> <Li> Summer of Camp Caprice ( also titled Season of Caprice ) had Ginger , Dodie , Macie and Courtney heading to summer camp , with Darren and Miranda going to military camp ( where , as it happens , Miranda 's father works ) and Carl and Hoodsey on the trail of dog nappers . </Li> <Li> Foutleys on Ice ( aired in the US as Far from Home ) , following up on the Emmy - nominated episode `` And She Was Gone '' , dealt with Ginger winning a scholarship to an arts school , and Carl and Hoodsey making friends with a new character , the telekinetic Noelle Sussman ( voiced by series creator Emily Kapnek ) . This episode was released on DVD . </Li> <Li> Butterflies are Free follows Ginger and her friends graduating junior high . </Li> <Li> The Wedding Frame closed out the third season and the series as a whole , and features Lois marrying one of the doctors at her hospital . </Li> </Ul> <P> Nickelodeon had originally asked for the ending of The Wedding Frame to be changed to something less conclusive in case they wished to order more episodes , however , perhaps due to that situation

The theme song for the animated television series "As Told by Ginger" was sung by

Who sang the them song for as told by ginger?

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Day of the Dead - wikipedia <H1> Day of the Dead </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Mexican holiday . For other uses , see Day of the Dead ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Day of the Dead </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Día de Muertos altar commemorating a deceased man in Milpa Alta , México DF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Observed by </Th> <Td> Mexico , and regions with large Hispanic populations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Cultural Syncretic Christian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Significance </Th> <Td> Prayer and remembrance of friends and family members who have died </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Celebrations </Th> <Td> Creation of altars to remember the dead , traditional dishes for Day of the Dead </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Begins </Th> <Td> October 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ends </Th> <Td> November 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> October 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Next time </Th> <Td> 31 October 2018 ( 2018 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequency </Th> <Td> Annual </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related to </Th> <Td> All Saints ' Day </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Day of the Dead ( Spanish : Día de Muertos ) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico , in particular the Central and South regions , and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places , especially the United States . It is acknowledged internationally in many other cultures . The multi-day holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died , and help support their spiritual journey . In 2008 , the tradition was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO . </P> <P> The holiday is sometimes called Día de los Muertos in Anglophone countries , a back - translation of its original name , Día de Muertos . It is particularly celebrated in Mexico where the day is a public holiday . Prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century , the celebration took place at the beginning of summer . Gradually , it was associated with October 31 , November 1 , and November 2 to coincide with the Western Christianity triduum of Allhallowtide : All Saints ' Eve , All Saints ' Day , and All Souls ' Day . Traditions connected with the holiday include building private altars called ofrendas , honoring the deceased using calaveras , aztec marigolds , and the favorite foods and beverages of the departed , and visiting graves with these as gifts . Visitors also leave possessions of the deceased at the graves . </P> <P> Scholars trace the origins of the modern Mexican holiday to indigenous observances dating back hundreds of years and to an Aztec festival dedicated to the goddess Mictecacihuatl . The holiday has spread throughout the world , being absorbed into other deep traditions in honor of the dead . It has become a national symbol and as such is taught ( for educational purposes ) in the nation 's schools . Many families celebrate a traditional `` All Saints ' Day '' associated with the Catholic Church . </P> <P> Originally , the Day of the Dead as such was not celebrated in northern Mexico , where it was unknown until the 20th century because its indigenous people had different traditions . The people and the church rejected it as a day related to syncretizing pagan elements with Catholic Christianity . They held the traditional ' All Saints ' Day ' in the same way as other Christians in the world . There was limited Mesoamerican influence in this region , and relatively few indigenous inhabitants from the regions of Southern Mexico , where the holiday was celebrated . In the early 21st century in northern Mexico , Día de Muertos is observed because the Mexican government made it a national holiday based on educational policies from the 1960s ; it has introduced this holiday as a unifying national tradition based on indigenous traditions . </P> <P> The Mexican Day of the Dead celebration is similar to other societies ' observances of a time to honor the dead . The Spanish tradition , for instance , includes festivals and parades , as well as gatherings of families at cemeteries to pray for their deceased loved ones at the end of the day . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Observance in Mexico <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Origins </Li> <Li> 1.2 Beliefs </Li> <Li> 1.3 Food </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Observances outside Mexico <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Americas <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Belize </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Bolivia </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Brazil </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Guatemala </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 Ecuador </Li> <Li> 2.1. 6 Peru </Li> <Li> 2.1. 7 United States <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 7.1 California </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Asia <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Goa , India </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 The Philippines </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Europe </Li> <Li> 2.4 Oceania </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Similar traditions </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <H2> Observance in Mexico </H2> <H3> Origins </H3> Woman lighting copal incense at the cemetery during the `` Alumbrada '' vigil in San Andrés Mixquic <P> The Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico developed from ancient traditions among its pre-Columbian cultures . Rituals celebrating the deaths of ancestors had been observed by these civilizations perhaps for as long as 2,500 -- 3,000 years . The festival that developed into the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar , about the beginning of August , and was celebrated for an entire month . The festivities were dedicated to the goddess known as the `` Lady of the Dead '' , corresponding to the modern La Calavera Catrina . </P> <P> By the late 20th century in most regions of Mexico , practices had developed to honor dead children and infants on November 1 , and to honor deceased adults on November 2 . November 1 is generally referred to as Día de los Inocentes ( `` Day of the Innocents '' ) but also as Día de los Angelitos ( `` Day of the Little Angels '' ) ; November 2 is referred to as Día de los Muertos or Día de los Difuntos ( `` Day of the Dead '' ) . </P> <H3> Beliefs </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Frances Ann Day summarizes the three - day celebration , the Day of the Dead : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> On October 31 , All Hallows Eve , the children make a children 's altar to invite the angelitos ( spirits of dead children ) to come back for a visit . November 1 is All Saints Day , and the adult spirits will come to visit . November 2 is All Souls Day , when families go to the cemetery to decorate the graves and tombs of their relatives . The three - day fiesta is filled with marigolds , the flowers of the dead ; muertos ( the bread of the dead ) ; sugar skulls ; cardboard skeletons ; tissue paper decorations ; fruit and nuts ; incense , and other traditional foods and decorations . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Latina and Latino Voices in Literature </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> People go to cemeteries to be with the souls of the departed and build private altars containing the favorite foods and beverages , as well as photos and memorabilia , of the departed . The intent is to encourage visits by the souls , so the souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living directed to them . Celebrations can take a humorous tone , as celebrants remember funny events and anecdotes about the departed . </P> Mexican cempasúchil ( marigold ) is the traditional flower used to honor the dead Cempasúchil , alfeñiques and papel picado used to decorate an altar <P> Plans for the day are made throughout the year , including gathering the goods to be offered to the dead . During the three - day period families usually clean and decorate graves ; most visit the cemeteries where their loved ones are buried and decorate their graves with ofrendas ( altars ) , which often include orange Mexican marigolds ( Tagetes erecta ) called cempasúchil ( originally named cempoaxochitl , Nāhuatl for `` twenty flowers '' ) . In modern Mexico the marigold is sometimes called Flor de Muerto ( Flower of Dead ) . These flowers are thought to attract souls of the dead to the offerings . </P> <P> Toys are brought for dead children ( los angelitos , or `` the little angels '' ) , and bottles of tequila , mezcal or pulque or jars of atole for adults . Families will also offer trinkets or the deceased 's favorite candies on the grave . Some families have ofrendas in homes , usually with foods such as candied pumpkin , pan de muerto ( `` bread of dead '' ) , and sugar skulls ; and beverages such as atole . The ofrendas are left out in the homes as a welcoming gesture for the deceased . Some people believe the spirits of the dead eat the `` spiritual essence '' of the ofrendas food , so though the celebrators eat the food after the festivities , they believe it lacks nutritional value . Pillows and blankets are left out so the deceased can rest after their long journey . In some parts of Mexico , such as the towns of Mixquic , Pátzcuaro and Janitzio , people spend all night beside the graves of their relatives . In many places , people have picnics at the grave site , as well . </P> Families tidying and decorating graves at a cemetery in Almoloya del Río in the State of Mexico , 1995 <P> Some families build altars or small shrines in their homes ; these sometimes feature a Christian cross , statues or pictures of the Blessed Virgin Mary , pictures of deceased relatives and other people , scores of candles , and an ofrenda . Traditionally , families spend some time around the altar , praying and telling anecdotes about the deceased . In some locations , celebrants wear shells on their clothing , so when they dance , the noise will wake up the dead ; some will also dress up as the deceased . </P> <P> Public schools at all levels build altars with ofrendas , usually omitting the religious symbols . Government offices usually have at least a small altar , as this holiday is seen as important to the Mexican heritage . </P> <P> Those with a distinctive talent for writing sometimes create short poems , called calaveras ( skulls ) , mocking epitaphs of friends , describing interesting habits and attitudes or funny anecdotes . This custom originated in the 18th or 19th century after a newspaper published a poem narrating a dream of a cemetery in the future , `` and all of us were dead '' , proceeding to read the tombstones . Newspapers dedicate calaveras to public figures , with cartoons of skeletons in the style of the famous calaveras of José Guadalupe Posada , a Mexican illustrator . Theatrical presentations of Don Juan Tenorio by José Zorrilla ( 1817 -- 1893 ) are also traditional on this day . </P> Modern representations of Catrina <P> José Guadalupe Posada created a famous print of a figure he called La Calavera Catrina ( `` The Elegant Skull '' )

Dia de los Muertos is celebrated throughout Mexico, particularly in

Where is dia de los muertos celebrated in mexico?

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I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) - wikipedia <H1> I Can Only Imagine ( MercyMe song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Can Only Imagine '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by MercyMe </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Worship Project and Almost There </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` Word of God Speak '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1999 and 2001 in the United States </Li> <Li> Ivy Park </Li> <Li> The Indigo Room </Li> <Li> Paradise Sound </Li> <Li> IBC Studios </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christian alternative rock </Li> <Li> pop rock </Li> <Li> contemporary Christian </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> INO </Li> <Li> Curb </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bart Millard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Kipley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> MercyMe singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Bless Me Indeed ( Jabez 's Song ) '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( 2001 ) </Td> <Td> `` Spoken For '' ( 2002 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Can Only Imagine '' ( sometimes shortened to `` Imagine '' ) is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe . Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard , the song , based around a main piano track , was inspired by the death of Millard 's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe 's 1999 album The Worship Project , which was released on an independent record label . The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album . </P> <P> `` I Can Only Imagine '' was released in 2001 as the album 's lead single . It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004 ; to aid in promotion to these markets , a double A-side physical single ( combined with `` Word of God Speak '' ) was released in 2003 . It charted on several formats , including the Billboard Adult Contemporary ( where it peaked at No. 5 ) and the Hot 100 ( where it peaked at No. 71 ) . In 2002 , `` I Can Only Imagine '' earned the Dove Awards for ' Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ' and ' Song of the Year ' ; Millard earned the Dove Award ' Songwriter of the Year ' at the same ceremony . With 2.5 million copies sold , it is the best - selling Christian single of all time , having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA . As of 2018 , it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release and promotion </Li> <Li> 4 Impact </Li> <Li> 5 Music video </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.2 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 6.3 Awards and accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Other versions </Li> <Li> 8 Track listing </Li> <Li> 9 Release history </Li> <Li> 10 Charts and certifications </Li> <Li> 11 Film adaptation </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Can Only Imagine '' was the debut single for United States contemporary Christian and Christian rock band MercyMe . Bart Millard , the band 's vocalist , lost his father , Arthur Wesley Millard Jr. , in 1991 . Millard was 18 at the time . Millard began writing the words `` I can only imagine '' on items when he was thinking about his father . During the recording of the band 's 1999 independent album The Worship Project , MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album . Millard , alone on a bus in the middle of the night , finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven . Millard attests that `` ( ' I Can Only Imagine ' ) is one of the only songs I have ever written where there was n't any mistakes , it was just written the way it is and left at that '' , and estimated that it took him only ten minutes to write the lyrics . </P> <P> In writing the music for the song , however , the band faced more difficulty ; Millard noted that `` at first it was a fast song ... it was all these random ideas '' . Keyboardist Jim Bryson noted that , `` we were literally tearing down the stuff ... ( Millard ) and I were talking about arranging it differently and doing a slower version , so we just tried out a piano intro ... it was literally the first thing I played . It was n't anything to do with me , I think it was just a God thing . ( Millard ) said ' here it is , this is what 's going to happen ' , and we laid the song down in about five minutes . '' At that time , the other MercyMe members were Robby Shaffer on drums and percussion , Nathan Cochran on bass guitar and Michael Scheuchzer on guitar . This line - up recorded the first version of the song for The Worship Project . In 2006 , it was included in the ' Platinum Edition ' of Almost There . </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> I Can Only Imagine A sample of `` I Can Only Imagine '' . MercyMe 's debut single , `` I Can Only Imagine '' is `` a passionate piano - driven ballad . The song considers what it would be like to be in the presence of God . Delivered with conviction , the song is emotionally compelling '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Can Only Imagine '' is a ballad with a length of four minutes and eight seconds . The song is set in the key of E major and has a moderately slow tempo of 80 beats per minute with a vocal range from B -- G ♯ . The song opens up with only a piano , and builds up to include guitar and drums . Millard is credited with both the lyrics and music to the song . The song was produced by Pete Kipley , who had worked with MercyMe previously as well as with artists including Rebecca St. James , Phil Wickham and Lincoln Brewster . </P> <P> The lyrics to the song are based around the narrator wondering what it will be like in Heaven and to be standing before God . Regarding this theme , Millard explained to Fox News that `` I was always told that if he could choose , he would rather be in Heaven than here with me . As a Christian I believed that , but as an 18 - year - old it was a little hard to swallow . So the questions in the song came from me asking God what was so great about Him that my dad would rather be there . '' </P> <H2> Release and promotion ( edit ) </H2> MercyMe 's lead singer - songwriter , Bart Millard ( left ) and drummer , Robby Shaffer , performing in February 2008 . <P> `` I Can Only Imagine '' was re-recorded for their major - label debut record Almost There and released as its lead single in 2001 . The album was recorded in various locations : Ivy Park , The Indigo Room , Paradise Sound and IBC Studios . The single gained radio airplay on some contemporary Christian formats ; by November , it peaked at number - one on the Radio & Records Christian AC format and in the top twenty of the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart . </P> <P> In 2003 , a Dallas mainstream radio station , 100.3 Wild - FM , first played the song on its morning show , The Fitz Radio Program . They had responded to a caller 's repeated requests and the urgings of the program 's producer , Todd Sheppard . The song soon became the most requested and most played song on the station . After hearing the song played on the station , Millard called - in and spoke with the crew ; MercyMe then came in and played the song live . </P> <P> As other stations around the country caught on , MercyMe 's label , INO Records , partnered with Curb Records . They marketed the single to wider audiences , such as Top 40 radio . In September , INO and Curb also released a double A-side physical single , `` I Can Only Imagine / Word of God Speak '' . The latter track was co-written by Millard with the band 's producer , Kipley . Eventually , the song cracked into secular charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 and the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts . </P> <H2> Impact ( edit ) </H2> <P> MercyMe did not expect `` I Can Only Imagine '' to gain mainstream success , in part due to its explicit references to Jesus and Heaven . Millard noted that the band joked around about `` the top five songs never to cross over , and they had included `` I Can Only Imagine '' on that list . Millard also believed some radio stations were playing the song to prove it could not succeed on mainstream radio . The song had a significant effect on the band 's musical image ; in an interview , Millard commented that `` We were a rock band when we started 11 years ago . But we kind of became the ' adult contemporary poster child ' when ' I Can Only Imagine ' took off '' . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> Millard holding his father 's photograph in the music video . <P> A music video was released for `` I Can Only Imagine '' . Millard recalled the video 's inspiration : `` I just kept seeing all these people holding picture frames ( at MercyMe concerts ) that are empty because we all carry these people with us in some way . I 've had so many people after a show pull out a picture of someone they 've lost . These people embrace these photos and I just thought how can we tap into that '' . The video features everyday people as well as several music artists including Michael Tait , Tammy Trent , Bob Herdman , and Jesse Katina , each holding an empty picture frame to signify their loss of a loved one ; as the video progresses , they are holding pictures of their loved ones including Millard with his father 's photograph . </P> <P> The video opens with a shot of an empty room and a chair ,

The country song "I Can Only Imagine" was written by

Who wrote the country song i can only imagine?

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Tertiary education fees in Australia - Wikipedia <H1> Tertiary education fees in Australia </H1> Jump to : navigation , search People attending a tertiary institution in Australia as a percentage of the local population at the 2011 census , geographically subdivided by statistical local area <P> Tertiary education fees in Australia are payable for courses at tertiary education institutions . The central government , also known as the Commonwealth government , provides loans and subsidies to relieve the cost of tertiary education for some students . Some students are supported by the government and are required to pay only part of the cost of tuition , called the `` student contribution '' , and the government pays the balance . Some government supported students can defer payment of their contribution as a HECS - HELP loan . Other domestic students are full fee - paying ( non-Commonwealth supported ) and do not receive direct government contribution to the cost of their education . Some domestic students in full fee courses can obtain a FEE - HELP loan from the Australian government up to a lifetime limit of $112,134 for medicine , dentistry and veterinary science programs and $89,706 for all other programs . </P> <P> Australian citizens ( and in some cases overseas professionals completing bridging studies in order to be accredited permanent residents ) are able to obtain interest free loans from the government under the Higher Education Loan Programme ( HELP ) which replaced the Higher Education Contribution Scheme ( HECS ) . As of April 2016 , the amount of money owed to the Australian government under the HECS scheme was AUD $60 billion and is expected to increase to $180 billion by 2026 . </P> <P> HELP is jointly administered by the Australian Department of Education and Training and the Australian Taxation Office ( ATO ) . In addition , qualified students may be entitled to Youth Allowance or Austudy Payment to assist them financially while they are studying . These support payments are means and assets tested . Further assistance is available in the form of scholarships . Overseas students are charged fees for the full cost of their education and are ineligible for HELP loans , but may apply for international scholarships . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Abolition of university fees </Li> <Li> 1.2 Introduction of HECS </Li> <Li> 1.3 Howard government reforms - 1996 - 2012 </Li> <Li> 1.4 2017 changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 University fees </Li> <Li> 3 Commonwealth supported students <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Total Funding </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Full fee - paying students </Li> <Li> 5 OS - HELP </Li> <Li> 6 HELP loans <Ul> <Li> 6.1 HELP loan management </Li> <Li> 6.2 Repayments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 8.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1940 , the Curtin Labor Government saw a need for the country to increase the number of university graduates and for more civil and military research . To do this , it dramatically increased the number of scholarships it offered to enter university and allowed women to apply for these scholarships ( they were previously exclusive to men ) . The Menzies Liberal Government also supported and extended the ability of ordinary Australians to attend university . </P> <P> In the 1960s , the Menzies Government encouraged and funded the establishment of new universities to cater for increasing demand . These universities were built in outlying suburbs and offered special research scholarships to encourage students to undertake postgraduate research studies . Many of the universities that were established under this scheme are members of Innovative Research Universities Australia . </P> <P> In 1967 , the Government created a category of non-university tertiary institution ( called College of Advanced Education ( CAE ) ) that would be funded by the Commonwealth . These CAEs were easier to access and cheaper to attend than the traditional university , while delivering many university - equivalent bachelor 's degrees . </P> <H3> Abolition of university fees ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the early 1970s , there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle class Australians . The Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees on 1 January 1974 . By the mid-1980s , however , there was consensus between both major parties that the concept of ' free ' tertiary education in Australia was untenable due to the increasing participation rate . </P> <H3> Introduction of HECS ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1989 , the Hawke Labor Government began gradually re-introducing fees for university study . It set up the Higher Education Contributions Scheme ( HECS ) , which was first proposed by Professor Murray Wells and subsequently developed by economist and lecturer at the Australian National University , Bruce Chapman and championed by Education Minister John Dawkins ( see Dawkins Revolution ) . Under the original HECS , a $1,800 fee was charged to all university students , and the Commonwealth paid the balance . A student could defer payment of this HECS amount ( in which case it was called a HECS debt ) and repay the debt through the tax system , when the student 's income exceeds a threshold level . As part of the reforms , Colleges of Advanced Education entered the University sector by various means . The HECS system was accepted by both federal political parties and has survived until today , though with a number of changes . </P> <H3> Howard government reforms - 1996 - 2012 ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1996 , the new Howard Coalition Government , while otherwise retaining the HECS system , created a three - tier HECS fee structure . Fees were charged on the basis of the perceived value of courses . Courses considered to have most likelihood of generating higher income for students in the future ( e.g. Law and Medicine ) were the most expensive and those least likely to generate higher income ( e.g. Nursing and Arts ) were the least expensive . At the same time , HECS charges increased by an average of 40 % . </P> <P> From 2007 , HECS places became known as Commonwealth supported places ( CSP ) . A student in a CSP was only entitled to study for a maximum of 7 years full - time ( 16 years part - time ) at CSP rates . This was known as a student learning entitlement ( SLE ) . After that period the student had to take either a post-graduate FEE - HELP load ( if available ) or study at full - fee rates . SLE was abolished from 1 January 2012 . </P> <P> The HECS debt became a pre-2005 debt , while a post-2005 debt is called HECS - HELP , which operates on the same principles as HECS . If a student receives a HECS - HELP loan , the Commonwealth government pays the loan amount directly to the higher education provider on behalf of the student . </P> <P> An alternative option is FEE - HELP ( formerly PELS ) which provides eligible fee - paying students with a loan to cover their postgraduate fees . This option is only available for post-graduate students attempting an eligible post-graduate course . In 2012 , the FEE - HELP lifelong limit was $89,706 , and $112,134 for students studying dentistry , medicine or veterinary science . </P> <P> Prior to 2012 , when a student had used up SLE , he or she could enrol on a full - fee basis . Full - fee courses are relatively expensive because the student must pay the total cost or if eligible , defer the fee on FEE - HELP , resulting in a significantly larger debt than a HECS - HELP debt for the student contribution portion of a Commonwealth supported course . From 1 January 2012 , SLE was abolished and students could continue to study for more than 7 years full - time or equivalent part - time in Commonwealth supported courses . FEE - HELP courses are available at a post-graduate level ( and occasionally for some undergraduate full - fee places ) ; however , they are not available at every institution or in every course . The only remaining option is a full - fee place paid upfront . </P> <P> The discount for voluntary repayments of a pre-2005 HECS debt was reduced from 15 % to 10 % from 1 January 2005 . On 1 January 2012 , the voluntary repayment discount was reduced to 5 % , and was removed completely from 1 January 2017 . </P> <H3> 2017 changes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Changes to funding of universities and the HECS scheme were made as part of the 2017 Australian federal budget . University funding is to be a reduced by 2.5 % , and university fees are to go up by $2,000 to $3,600 for a four - year course , an increase of 1.8 % in 2018 , and 7.5 % by 2022 . From 1 July 2018 , the income level at which HECS debt repayments start will be reduced , from $55,000 to $42,000 . </P> <H2> University fees ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1996 , the Howard government permitted universities to create full - fee places on which they could charge full up - front fees to students who missed out on a HECS place ( with the notable exception of medical degrees ) . In 2005 , the Howard government permitted universities to increase fees by up to 25 % . </P> <P> During the term of the Abbott Government , Education Minister Christopher Pyne consistently sought to fully deregulate university fees . Pyne 's proposal would have allowed universities to set their own fees according to the student demand , and graduates who moved offshore to start paying through the tax system . The proposed reforms were unsuccessful , being rejected by the Senate in 2015 . University tuition fee and regulation reform remain part of the Liberal - National Coalition Government 's policy . The Government released the Driving Innovation Fairness and Excellence in Australian Higher Education consultation paper , in May 2016 proposing a new set of reforms ( for consultation ) . </P> <P> In the 2017 Australian federal budget , University funding will be a reduced by 2.5 % . University fees will go up by $2,000 to $3,600 for a four - year course , an increase of 1.8 % in 2018 , and 7.5 % by 2022 . From 1 July 2018 , the income level at which HECS debt repayments start will be reduced , from $55,000 to $42,000 . </P> <H2> Commonwealth supported students ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2007 , HECS places became known as Commonwealth supported places ( CSP ) . The Commonwealth government determines the number and allocation of undergraduate Commonwealth supported places with each public higher education provider each year , through the Commonwealth Grant Scheme ( CGS ) . A CSP is a higher education place for which the Commonwealth government makes a contribution to the higher education provider towards the cost of a student 's education . The student makes a contribution towards the cost of education , known as the student contribution . Commonwealth supported places are available to citizens of Australia and New Zealand and Australian permanent residents . </P> <P> The majority of CSPs are managed through the tertiary admissions centre in each state or territory ( although universities make the selections , deciding which students they will make offers to ) : </P> <Ul> <Li> Universities Admissions Centre ( UAC ) in NSW and ACT </Li> <Li> Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre </Li> <Li> South Australian Tertiary Admissions Centre in South Australia and the Northern Territory </Li> <Li> University of Tasmania in Tasmania </Li> <Li> Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre ( VTAC

University education stopped being free in Australia in

When did university stop being free in australia?

-1577046769595264411

Peromyscus maniculatus - wikipedia <H1> Peromyscus maniculatus </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Peromyscus maniculatus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Conservation status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Least Concern ( IUCN 3.1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Animalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phylum : </Td> <Td> Chordata </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Mammalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Rodentia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Cricetidae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Subfamily : </Td> <Td> Neotominae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Peromyscus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> P. maniculatus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Binomial name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Peromyscus maniculatus ( Wagner , 1845 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> North American deer mouse range <P> Peromyscus maniculatus is a rodent native to North America . It is most commonly called the deer mouse , although that name is common to most species of Peromyscus , and thus is often called the North American deermouse and is fairly widespread across the continent , with the major exception being the southeast United States and the far north . </P> <P> Like other Peromyscus species , it is a vector and carrier of emerging infectious diseases such as hantaviruses and Lyme disease . </P> <P> It is closely related to Peromyscus leucopus , the white - footed mouse . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview </Li> <Li> 2 Physical description </Li> <Li> 3 Behavior </Li> <Li> 4 Reproduction and life span <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Breeding season </Li> <Li> 4.2 Nesting </Li> <Li> 4.3 Gestation , litter size and productivity </Li> <Li> 4.4 Development of young </Li> <Li> 4.5 Dispersal </Li> <Li> 4.6 Longevity and mortality </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Habitat </Li> <Li> 6 Cover requirements </Li> <Li> 7 Predators </Li> <Li> 8 Diet </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The species has 56 subspecies . They are all tiny mammals that are plentiful in number . The deer mouse is a small rodent that lives in the Americas and is closely related to the white - footed mouse , Peromyscus leucopus . Because the two species are extremely similar in appearance , they are best distinguished through red blood cell agglutination tests or karyotype techniques . The deer mouse can also be distinguished physically by its long and multicolored tail . Deer mice are very often used for laboratory experimentation due to their self cleanliness and easy care . </P> <H2> Physical description ( edit ) </H2> <P> The deer mouse is small in size , only 3 to 4 inches ( 8 to 10 cm ) long , not including the tail . They have large beady eyes and large ears giving them good sight and hearing . Their soft fur can vary in color , from white to black , but all deer mice have a distinguishable white underside and white feet . </P> <H2> Behavior ( edit ) </H2> <P> Deer mice are nocturnal creatures who spend the day time in areas such as trees or burrows where they have nests made of plant material . The pups within litters of deer mice are kept by the mother within an individual home range . The deer mice do not mingle in groups with their litters . During the development stages , the mice within one litter interact much more than mice of two different litters . Although deer mice live in individual home ranges , these ranges do tend to overlap . When overlapping occurs , it is more likely to be with opposite sexes rather than with the same sex . Deer mice that live within overlapping home ranges tend to recognize one another and interact a lot . </P> <H2> Reproduction and life span ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Breeding season ( edit ) </H3> <P> Deer mice can reproduce throughout the year , though in most parts of their range , they breed from March to October . Deer mouse breeding tends to be determined more by food availability rather than by season . In Plumas County , California , deer mice bred through December in good mast ( both soft and hard masts ) years but ceased breeding in June of a poor mast year . Deer mice breed throughout the year in the Willamette Valley , but in other areas on the Oregon coast there is usually a lull during the wettest and coldest weather . In southeastern Arizona at least one - third of captured deer mice were in breeding condition in winter . In Virginia breeding peaks occur from April to June and from September to October . </P> <H3> Nesting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Female deer mice construct nests using a variety of materials including grasses , roots , mosses , wool , thistledown , and various artificial fibers . The male deer mice are allowed by the female to help nest the litter and keep them together and warm for survival . </P> <P> In a study , less than half of both male and female deer mice left their original home range to reproduce . This means that there is intrafamilial mating and that the gene flow among deer mice as a whole is limited . </P> <H3> Gestation , litter size and productivity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Deer mice reproduce profusely and are highest in numbers among their species compared to other local mammals . Peromyscus species ' gestation periods range from 22 to 26 days . Typical litters are composed of three to five young ; litter size ranges from one to nine young . Most female deer mice have more than one litter per year . Three or four litters per year is probably typical ; captive deer mice have borne as many as 14 litters in one year . Males usually live with the family and help care for the young . </P> <H3> Development of young ( edit ) </H3> <P> Deer mice pups are altricial , i.e. born blind , naked and helpless ; development is rapid . Young deer mice have full coats by the end of the second week ; their eyes open between 13 and 19 days and they are fully furred and independent in only a few weeks . Females lactate for 27 to 34 days after giving birth ; most young are weaned at about 18 to 24 days . The young reach adult size at about 6 weeks and continue to gain weight slowly thereafter . </P> <P> Age of first estrus averages about 48 days ; the earliest recorded was 23 days . The youngest wild female to produce a litter was 55 days old ; it was estimated that conception had occurred when she was about 32 days old . </P> <H3> Dispersal ( edit ) </H3> <P> Deer mouse pups usually disperse after weaning and before the birth of the next litter , when they are reaching sexual maturity . Occasionally juveniles remain in the natal area , particularly when breeding space is limited . Most deer mice travel less than 152 m ( 499 ft ) from the natal area to establish their own home range . </P> <H3> Longevity and mortality ( edit ) </H3> <P> While their maximum life span is 96 months , the mean life expectancy is 45.5 months for females and 47.5 for males . In many areas deer mice live less than 1 year . O'Farrell reported that a population of deer mice in big sagebrush / grasslands had completely turned over ( e.g. , there were no surviving adults of the initial population ) over the course of one summer . One captive male deer mouse lived 32 months , and there is a report of a forest deer mouse that lived 8 years in captivity ( another mouse was fertile until almost 6 years of age ) . </P> <H2> Habitat ( edit ) </H2> <P> Peromyscus maniculatus are found in places including Alaska , Canada , and parts of South America . The majority of deer mice nest high up , in large hollow trees . The deer mouse nests alone for the most part but will sometimes nest with a deer mouse of the opposite sex . They are populous in the western mountains and live in wooded areas and areas that were previously wooded . The deer mouse is generally a nocturnal creature . Deer mice can be found active on top of snow or beneath logs during the winter seasons . </P> <P> Deer mice inhabit a wide variety of plant communities including grasslands , brushy areas , woodlands , and forests . In a survey of small mammals on 29 sites in subalpine forests in Colorado and Wyoming , the deer mouse had the highest frequency of occurrence ; however , it was not always the most abundant small mammal . Deer mice were trapped in four of six forest communities in eastern Washington and northern Idaho , and they were the only rodent in ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ) savanna . In northern New England deer mice are present in both coniferous and deciduous forests . Deer mice are often the only Peromyscus species in northern boreal forest . Subspecies differ in their use of plant communities and vegetation structures . There are two main groups of deer mouse : the prairie deer mouse and the woodland or forest deer mouse group . </P> <H2> Cover requirements ( edit ) </H2> <P> Deer mice are often active in open habitat ; most subspecies do not develop hidden runways the way many voles ( Microtus and Clethrionomys spp . ) do . In open habitat within forests deer mice have a tendency to visit the nearest timber . In central Ontario deer mice used downed wood for runways . </P> <P> Deer mice nest in burrows dug in the ground or construct nests in raised areas such as brush piles , logs , rocks , stumps , under bark , and in hollows in trees . Nests are also constructed in various structures and artifacts including old boards and abandoned vehicles . Nests have been found up to 24 m ( 79 ft ) above the ground in Douglas - fir trees . </P> <H2> Predators ( edit ) </H2> <P> Deer mice are important prey for snakes ( Viperidae ) , owls ( Strigidae ) , mink ( Neovison vison ) , marten ( Martes americana ) and other weasels ( Mustelidae ) , skunks ( Mephites and Spilogale spp . ) , bobcat ( Lynx rufus ) , domestic cat ( Felis catus ) , coyote ( Canis latrans ) , foxes ( Vulpes and Urocyon spp . ) , and ringtail ( Bassariscus astutus ) . </P> <H2> Diet ( edit ) </H2> <P> Deer mice are omnivorous ; the main dietary items usually include seeds , fruits , arthropods , leaves , and fungi ; fungi have the least amount of intake . Throughout the year , the deer mouse will change its eating habits to reflect on what is available to eat during that season . During winter months , the arthropods compose of one - fifth of the deer mouse 's food . These include spiders , caterpillars , and heteropterans . During the spring months , seeds become available to eat , along with insects , which are consumed in large quantities . Leaves are also found in the stomachs of deer mice in the spring seasons . During summer months , the mouse consumes seeds and fruits . During the fall season , the deer mouse will slowly change its eating habits to resemble the winter 's diet . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <P> This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Agriculture document `` Peromyscus maniculatus '' . </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Linzey , A.V. ( 2008

Deer mice are found

Where do deer mice live in the us?

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and TRACE ) are , by convention , defined as safe , which means they are intended only for information retrieval and should not change the state of the server . In other words , they should not have side effects , beyond relatively harmless effects such as logging , caching , the serving of banner advertisements or incrementing a web counter . Making arbitrary GET requests without regard to the context of the application 's state should therefore be considered safe . However , this is not mandated by the standard , and it is explicitly acknowledged that it can not be guaranteed . </P> <P> By contrast , methods such as POST , PUT , DELETE and PATCH are intended for actions that may cause side effects either on the server , or external side effects such as financial transactions or transmission of email . Such methods are therefore not usually used by conforming web robots or web crawlers ; some that do not conform tend to make requests without regard to context or consequences . </P> <P> Despite the prescribed safety of GET requests , in practice their handling by the server is not technically limited in any way . Therefore , careless or deliberate programming can cause non-trivial changes on the server . This is discouraged , because it can cause problems for web caching , search engines and other automated agents , which can make unintended changes on the server . For example , a website might allow deletion of a resource through a URL such as http://example.com/article/1234/delete , which , if arbitrarily fetched , even using GET , would simply delete the article . </P> <P> One example of this occurring in practice was during the short - lived Google Web Accelerator beta , which prefetched arbitrary URLs on the page a user was viewing , causing records to be automatically altered or deleted en masse . The beta was suspended only weeks after its first release , following widespread criticism . </P> <H3> Idempotent methods and web applications ( edit ) </H3> <P> Methods PUT and DELETE are defined to be idempotent , meaning that multiple identical requests should have the same effect as a single request ( note that idempotence refers to the state of the system after the request has completed , so while the action the server takes ( e.g. deleting a record ) or the response code it returns may be different on subsequent requests , the system state will be the same every time ) . Methods GET , HEAD , OPTIONS and TRACE , being prescribed as safe , should also be idempotent , as HTTP is a stateless protocol . </P> <P> In contrast , the POST method is not necessarily idempotent , and therefore sending an identical POST request multiple times may further affect state or cause further side effects ( such as financial transactions ) . In some cases this may be desirable , but in other cases this could be due to an accident , such as when a user does not realize that their action will result in sending another request , or they did not receive adequate feedback that their first request was successful . While web browsers may show alert dialog boxes to warn users in some cases where reloading a page may re-submit a POST request , it is generally up to the web application to handle cases where a POST request should not be submitted more than once . </P> <P> Note that whether a method is idempotent is not enforced by the protocol or web server . It is perfectly possible to write a web application in which ( for example ) a database insert or other non-idempotent action is triggered by a GET or other request . Ignoring this recommendation , however , may result in undesirable consequences , if a user agent assumes that repeating the same request is safe when it is n't . </P> <H3> Security ( edit ) </H3> <P> The TRACE method can be used as part of a class of attacks known as cross-site tracing ; for that reason , common security advice is for it to be disabled in the server configuration . Microsoft IIS supports a proprietary `` TRACK '' method , which behaves similarly , and which is likewise recommended to be disabled . </P> <H3> Summary table ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> HTTP Method </Th> <Th> RFC </Th> <Th> Request Has Body </Th> <Th> Response Has Body </Th> <Th> Safe </Th> <Th> Idempotent </Th> <Th> Cacheable </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> GET </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> Optional </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> HEAD </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> POST </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PUT </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> DELETE </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CONNECT </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> OPTIONS </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> Optional </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TRACE </Td> <Td> RFC 7231 </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PATCH </Td> <Td> RFC 5789 </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> Yes </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> <Td> No </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Status codes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of HTTP status codes <P> In HTTP / 1.0 and since , the first line of the HTTP response is called the status line and includes a numeric status code ( such as `` 404 '' ) and a textual reason phrase ( such as `` Not Found '' ) . The way the user agent handles the response primarily depends on the code and secondarily on the other response header fields . Custom status codes can be used since , if the user agent encounters a code it does not recognize , it can use the first digit of the code to determine the general class of the response . </P> <P> The standard reason phrases are only recommendations and can be replaced with `` local equivalents '' at the web developer 's discretion . If the status code indicated a problem , the user agent might display the reason phrase to the user to provide further information about the nature of the problem . The standard also allows the user agent to attempt to interpret the reason phrase , though this might be unwise since the standard explicitly specifies that status codes are machine - readable and reason phrases are human - readable . HTTP status code is primarily divided into five groups for better explanation of request and responses between client and server as named : Informational 1XX , Successful 2XX , Redirection 3XX , Client Error 4XX and Server Error 5XX . </P> <H2> Persistent connections ( edit ) </H2> Main article : HTTP persistent connection <P> In HTTP / 0.9 and 1.0 , the connection is closed after a single request / response pair . In HTTP / 1.1 a keep - alive - mechanism was introduced , where a connection could be reused for more than one request . Such persistent connections reduce request latency perceptibly , because the client does not need to re-negotiate the TCP 3 - Way - Handshake connection after the first request has been sent . Another positive side effect is that in general the connection becomes faster with time due to TCP 's slow - start - mechanism . </P> <P> Version 1.1 of the protocol also made bandwidth optimization improvements to HTTP / 1.0 . For example , HTTP / 1.1 introduced chunked transfer encoding to allow content on persistent connections to be streamed rather than buffered . HTTP pipelining further reduces lag time , allowing clients to send multiple requests before waiting for each response . Another addition to the protocol was byte serving , where a server transmits just the portion of a resource explicitly requested by a client . </P> <H2> HTTP session state ( edit ) </H2> <P> HTTP is a stateless protocol . A stateless protocol does not require the HTTP server to retain information or status about each user for the duration of multiple requests . However , some web applications implement states or server side sessions using for instance HTTP cookies or hidden variables within web forms . </P> <H2> Encrypted connections ( edit ) </H2> <P> The most popular way of establishing an encrypted HTTP connection is HTTP Secure . Two other methods for establishing an encrypted HTTP connection also exist : Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol , and using the HTTP / 1.1 Upgrade header to specify an upgrade to TLS . Browser support for these two is , however , nearly non-existent . </P> <H2> Message format ( edit ) </H2> <P> The client and server communicate by sending plain - text ( ASCII ) messages . The client sends requests to the server and the server sends responses . </P> <H3> Request message ( edit ) </H3> <P> The request message consists of the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> A request line ( e.g. , GET / images / logo. png HTTP / 1.1 , which requests a resource called / images / logo. png from the server ) . </Li> <Li> Request header fields ( e.g. , Accept - Language : en ) . </Li> <Li> An empty line . </Li> <Li> An optional message body . </Li> </Ul> <P> The request line and other header fields must each end with < CR > < LF > ( that is , a carriage return character followed by a line feed character ) . The empty line must consist of only < CR > < LF > and no other whitespace . In the HTTP / 1.1 protocol , all header fields except Host are optional . </P> <P> A request line containing only the path name is accepted by servers to maintain compatibility with HTTP clients before the HTTP / 1.0 specification in RFC 1945 . </P> <H3> Response message ( edit ) </H3> <P> The response message consists of the following : </P> <Ul> <Li> A status line which includes the status code and reason message ( e.g. , HTTP / 1.1 200 OK , which indicates that the client 's request succeeded ) . </Li> <Li> Response header fields ( e.g. , Content - Type : text / html ) . </Li> <Li> An empty line . </Li> <Li> An optional message body . </Li> </Ul> <P> The status line and other header fields must all end with < CR > < LF > . The empty line must consist of only < CR > < LF > and no other whitespace . This strict requirement for < CR > < LF > is relaxed somewhat within message bodies for consistent use of other system linebreaks such as < CR > or < LF > alone . </P> <H3> Example session ( edit ) </H3> <P> Below is a sample conversation between an HTTP client and an HTTP server running on www.example.com , port 80 . As mentioned in the previous sections , all the data is sent in a plain - text ( ASCII ) encoding , using a two - byte CR LF ( ' \ r \ n ' ) line ending at the end of each line . </P> Client request ( edit ) GET / index. html HTTP / 1.1 Host : www.example.com <P> A client request ( consisting in this case of the request

The first line of an HTTP request message is called the

The first line of http request message is called ____?

1669394955232263644

Battle of Badr - wikipedia <H1> Battle of Badr </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Battle of Badr </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Scene from Siyer - i Nebi , Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr . The writing is Ottoman Naskh . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan , 2 AH </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> At the wells of Badr , 70 mi ( 110 km ) southwest of Medina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> Decisive Muslim victory </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muslims of Medina </Td> <Td> Quraish of Mecca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Abu - Bakr Umar ibn Al - Khattab </Td> <Td> Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 313 infantry and cavalry : 2 horses and 70 camels </Td> <Td> 950 infantry and cavalry : 100 horses and 170 camels </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 killed </Td> <Td> 70 killed , 70 prisoners </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Campaigns of Muhammad </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ghazwah ( expeditions where he took part ) <Ul> <Li> Abwa </Li> <Li> Buwat </Li> <Li> Safwan </Li> <Li> Dul </Li> <Li> 1st Badr </Li> <Li> Kudr </Li> <Li> Sawiq </Li> <Li> Qaynuqa </Li> <Li> Thi </Li> <Li> Bahran </Li> <Li> Uhud </Li> <Li> Asad </Li> <Li> Nadir </Li> <Li> 2nd Nejd </Li> <Li> 2nd Badr </Li> <Li> Jandal </Li> <Li> Trench </Li> <Li> Qurayza </Li> <Li> Lahyan </Li> <Li> Mustaliq </Li> <Li> Treaty </Li> <Li> Khaybar </Li> <Li> Fadak </Li> <Li> Qura </Li> <Li> Dhat </Li> <Li> Baqra </Li> <Li> Mecca </Li> <Li> Hunayn </Li> <Li> Autas </Li> <Li> Ta'if </Li> <Li> Tabouk </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Battle of Badr ( Arabic : غزوة بدر ‎ ‎ ) , fought on Tuesday , 13 March 624 CE ( 17 Ramadan , 2 AH in the Islamic calendar ) in the Hejaz region of western Arabia ( present - day Saudi Arabia ) , was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad 's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca . The battle has been passed down in Islamic history as a decisive victory attributable to divine intervention , or by secular sources to the strategic genius of Muhammad . It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the Quran . All knowledge of the battle at Badr comes from traditional Islamic accounts , both hadiths and biographies of Muhammad , recorded in written form some time after the battle . There is little evidence outside of these of the battle . There are no descriptions of the battle prior to the 9th Century . </P> <P> Prior to the battle , the Muslims and the Meccans had fought several smaller skirmishes in late 623 and early 624 . Badr , however , was the first large - scale engagement between the two forces . Advancing to a strong defensive position , Muhammad 's well - disciplined force broke the Meccan lines , killing several important Quraishi leaders including the Muslims ' chief antagonist Abu Jahl . For the early Muslims the battle was the first sign that they might eventually defeat their enemies among the Meccans . Mecca at that time was one of the richest and most powerful cities in Arabia , fielding an army three times larger than that of the Muslims . The Muslim victory also signaled to the other tribes that a new power had arisen in Arabia and strengthened Muhammad 's position as leader of the often fractious community in Medina . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Muslim participants of Badr </Li> <Li> 3 Battle <Ul> <Li> 3.1 March to Badr </Li> <Li> 3.2 Muslim plan </Li> <Li> 3.3 Meccan plan </Li> <Li> 3.4 Day of battle </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Prisoners </Li> <Li> 4.2 Executions </Li> <Li> 4.3 Muslims killed in the Battle of Badr </Li> <Li> 4.4 Implications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Islamic primary sources <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Badr in the Quran </Li> <Li> 5.2 Hadith literature </Li> <Li> 5.3 Biographical literature </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 In modern culture </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Books and articles </Li> <Li> 9.2 Online references </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> <P> Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 CE into the Quraish tribe . After Muhammad 's revelation from Gabriel in 610 until his proclamation of monotheism to the Quraysh , Islam was practiced primarily in secret . The Quraiysh , who traditionally accepted religious practices other than their own , became increasingly more intolerant of the Muslims during the thirteen years of personal attacks against their ( the Meccans ) religions and gods . In fear for their religion and economic viability , which heavily relied on annual pilgrimages , the Meccans began to mock and disrupt Muhammad 's followers . In 622 , Muhammad bade many of his followers to migrate from Mecca to the neighboring city of Medina , 320 km ( 200 mi ) north of Mecca . Shortly thereafter , Muhammad himself left for Medina . This migration is referred to as the Hijra . </P> <P> The Quranic Verse 22 : 39 uttered by Muhammad sometime shortly after the migration permitted Muslims , for the first time , to take up arms in defence . During this period Muhammad employed three broad military strategies against the Meccans . Firstly , to establish peace treaties with the tribes surrounding Medina , especially with those from whom the Meccans could derive most advantage against the Muslims . Secondly , to dispatch small groups to obtain intelligence on the Quraish and their allies and also provide , thereby , an opportunity for those Muslims still living in Mecca to leave with them . Thirdly , to intercept the trade caravans of the Meccans that passed close to Medina and to obstruct their trade route . In September 623 , Muhammad himself led a force of 200 in an unsuccessful raid against a large caravan . Shortly thereafter , the Meccans launched their own raid against Medina led by Kurz bin Jabir and fled with livestock belonging to the Muslims . In January 624 , Muhammad dispatched a group of eight men to Nakhlah , on the outskirts of Mecca , led by Abdullah bin Jahsh to obtain intelligence on the Quraysh . However , Abdullah bin Jash and his party disguised as Pilgrims with shaved heads , upon being discovered by a Meccan caravan , decided to attack and kill as many of the caravan as possible , resulting in killing one of its men , Amr bin Al - Hadrami , the seizing of its goods and taking two as prisoners . The situation was all the more serious since the killing occurred in the month of Rajab , a truce month sacred to the Meccans in which fighting was prohibited and a clear affront to Arab traditions . Upon their return to Medina , Muhammad initially disapproved of this decision on their part , rebuked them and refused to take any spoil until he claimed to have received revelation ( Quran , 2 : 217 ) stating that the Meccan persecution was worse than this violation of the sacred month . After his revelation Muhammed took the goods and the prisoners . The Muslims ' raids on caravans prompted the Battle of Badr , the first major battle involving a Muslim army . This was the spot where the Meccans had sent their own army to protect their caravans from Muslim raiders . </P> <H2> Muslim participants of Badr </H2> Main article : List of participants at the Battle of Badr <H2> Battle </H2> A map of the Badr campaign <H3> March to Badr </H3> <P> Muhammad 's forces included Abu Bakr , Umar , Ali , Hamza , Mus ` ab ibn ` Umair , Az - Zubair bin Al - ' Awwam , Ammar ibn Yasir , and Abu Dharr al - Ghifari . The Muslims also brought seventy camels and two horses , meaning that they either had to walk or fit three to four men per camel . The future Caliph Uthman stayed behind to care for his sick wife Ruqayyah , the daughter of Muhammad . Salman the Persian also could not join the battle , as he was still not a free man . </P> <P> Many of the Quraishi nobles , including Amr ibn Hishām , Walid ibn Utba , Shaiba , and Umayah ibn Khalaf , joined the Meccan army . Their reasons varied : some were out to protect their financial interests in the caravan ; others wanted to avenge Ibn al - Hadrami , the guard killed at Nakhlah ; finally , a few must have wanted to take part in what was expected to be an easy victory against the Muslims . Amr ibn Hishām is described as shaming at least one noble , Umayah ibn Khalaf , into joining the expedition . </P> <P> By this time Muhammad 's companions were approaching the wells where he planned to either waylay the caravan , or to fight the Meccan army at Badr , along the Syrian trade route where the caravan would be expected to stop or the Meccan army to come for its protection . However , several Muslim scouts were discovered by scouts from the caravan and Abu Sufyan made a hasty turn towards Yanbu . </P> <H3> Muslim plan </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section relies too much on references to primary sources . Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources . ( March 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> Behold ! Allah Promised you one of the two ( enemy ) parties , that it should be yours : Ye wished that the one unarmed should be yours , but Allah Willed to justify the Truth according to His Words and to cut off the roots of the Unbelievers ; </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Quran : Al - Anfal 8 : 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> Behold ! Allah Promised Me that He would definitely help me . I 'm taking an oath by Allah 's Excellent Name , Here will be the grave of Abu Jahl , and here will lay Utba ibn Rabiah ( Prophet mentioned 14 different unbeliever leaders ' names and signed they graves before the battle ) . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Muhammad -- Sahih Muslim </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> When the word reached the Muslim army about the departure of the Meccan army , Muhammad immediately called a council of war , since there was still time to retreat and because many of the fighters there were recent converts ( called Ansar or `` Helpers '' to distinguish them from the Quraishi Muslims ) , who had only pledged to defend Medina . Under the terms of the Constitution of Medina , they would have been within their rights to refuse to fight and leave the army . However , according to tradition , they pledged to fight as well , with Sa 'd ibn Ubadah declaring , `` If you ( Muhammad ) order us to plunge our horses into the sea , we would do so . '' So , the Muslims continued to march towards Badr

The Battle of Badr took place on

When did the battle of badr take place?

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MAP sensor - wikipedia <H1> MAP sensor </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The examples and descriptions in this article apply strictly to four - stroke cycle gasoline engines . Other engine types such as diesel , or two - stroke cycle can differ in the exact implementation , but the general ideas still apply . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( December 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The manifold absolute pressure sensor ( MAP sensor ) is one of the sensors used in an internal combustion engine 's electronic control system . </P> <P> Engines that use a MAP sensor are typically fuel injected . The manifold absolute pressure sensor provides instantaneous manifold pressure information to the engine 's electronic control unit ( ECU ) . The data is used to calculate air density and determine the engine 's air mass flow rate , which in turn determines the required fuel metering for optimum combustion ( see stoichiometry ) and influence the advance or retard of ignition timing . A fuel - injected engine may alternatively use a mass airflow sensor ( MAF sensor ) to detect the intake airflow . A typical naturally aspirated engine configuration employs one or the other , whereas forced induction engines typically use both ; a MAF sensor on the intake tract pre-turbo and a MAP sensor on the charge pipe leading to the throttle body . </P> <P> MAP sensor data can be converted to air mass data using the speed - density method . Engine speed ( RPM ) and air temperature are also necessary to complete the speed - density calculation . The MAP sensor can also be used in OBD II ( on - board diagnostics ) applications to test the EGR ( exhaust gas recirculation ) valve for functionality , an application typical in OBD II equipped General Motors engines . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Example </Li> <Li> 2 Vacuum comparison </Li> <Li> 3 EGR testing </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Example ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following example assumes the same engine speed and air temperature . </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> Condition 1 : </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> An engine operating at wide open throttle ( WOT ) on top of a very high mountain has a manifold pressure of about 50 kPa ( essentially equal to the barometer at that high altitude ) . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Condition 2 : </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> The same engine at sea level will achieve 50 kPa ( 7.25 psi , 14.7 inHG ) of manifold pressure at less than WOT due to the higher barometric pressure . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> The engine requires the same mass of fuel in both conditions because the mass of air entering the cylinders is the same . </P> <P> If the throttle is opened all the way in condition 2 , the manifold absolute pressure will increase from 50 kPa to nearly 100 kPa ( 14.5 psi , 29.53 inHG ) , about equal to the local barometer , which in condition 2 is sea level . The higher absolute pressure in the intake manifold increases the air 's density , and in turn more fuel can be burned resulting in higher output . </P> <P> Another example is varying rpm and engine loads - </P> <P> Where an engine may have 60kPa of manifold pressure at 1800 rpm in an unloaded condition , introducing load with a further throttle opening will change the final manifold pressure to 100kPa , engine will still be at 1800 rpm but its loading will require a different spark and fueling delivery . </P> <H2> Vacuum comparison ( edit ) </H2> <P> Engine vacuum is the difference between the pressures in the intake manifold and ambient atmospheric pressure . Engine vacuum is a `` gauge '' pressure , since gauges by nature measure a pressure difference , not an absolute pressure . The engine fundamentally responds to air mass , not vacuum , and absolute pressure is necessary to calculate mass . The mass of air entering the engine is directly proportional to the air density , which is proportional to the absolute pressure , and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature . </P> <P> Note : Carburetors are largely dependent on air volume flow and vacuum , and neither directly infers mass . Consequently , carburetors are precise , but not accurate fuel metering devices . Carburetors were replaced by more accurate fuel metering methods , such as fuel injection in combination with an air mass flow sensor ( MAF ) . </P> <H2> EGR testing ( edit ) </H2> <P> With OBD II standards , vehicle manufacturers were required to test the exhaust gas recirculation ( EGR ) valve for functionality during driving . Some manufacturers use the MaP sensor to accomplish this . In these vehicles , they have a MAF sensor for their primary load sensor . The MaP sensor is then used for rationality checks and to test the EGR valve . The way they do this is during a deceleration of the vehicle when there is low absolute pressure in the intake manifold ( i.e. , a high vacuum present in the intake manifold relative to the outside air ) the powertrain control module ( PCM ) will open the EGR valve and then monitor the MaP sensor 's values . If the EGR is functioning properly , the manifold absolute pressure will increase as exhaust gases enter . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> MaP sensor </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Automotive engine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the Automobile series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basic terminology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bore </Li> <Li> Compression ratio </Li> <Li> Crank </Li> <Li> Cylinder </Li> <Li> Dead centre </Li> <Li> Diesel engine </Li> <Li> Dry sump </Li> <Li> Engine balance </Li> <Li> Engine configuration </Li> <Li> Engine displacement </Li> <Li> Engine knocking </Li> <Li> Firing order </Li> <Li> Hydrolock </Li> <Li> Petrol engine </Li> <Li> Power band </Li> <Li> Redline </Li> <Li> Spark - ignition engine </Li> <Li> Stroke </Li> <Li> Stroke ratio </Li> <Li> Wet sump </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main components </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Connecting rod </Li> <Li> Crankcase </Li> <Li> Crankpin </Li> <Li> Crankshaft </Li> <Li> Crossplane </Li> <Li> Cylinder bank </Li> <Li> Cylinder block </Li> <Li> Cylinder head ( crossflow , reverse - flow ) </Li> <Li> Flywheel </Li> <Li> Head gasket </Li> <Li> Hypereutectic piston </Li> <Li> Main bearing </Li> <Li> Piston </Li> <Li> Piston ring </Li> <Li> Starter ring gear </Li> <Li> Sump </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Valvetrain </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cam </Li> <Li> Cam follower </Li> <Li> Camshaft </Li> <Li> Desmodromic valve </Li> <Li> Hydraulic tappet </Li> <Li> Multi-valve </Li> <Li> Overhead camshaft </Li> <Li> Overhead valve </Li> <Li> Pneumatic valve springs </Li> <Li> Poppet valve </Li> <Li> Pushrod </Li> <Li> Rocker arm </Li> <Li> Sleeve valve </Li> <Li> Tappet </Li> <Li> Timing belt </Li> <Li> Timing mark </Li> <Li> Valve float </Li> <Li> Variable valve timing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aspiration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Air filter </Li> <Li> Blowoff valve </Li> <Li> Boost controller </Li> <Li> Butterfly valve </Li> <Li> Centrifugal - type supercharger </Li> <Li> Cold air intake </Li> <Li> Dump valve </Li> <Li> Electronic throttle control </Li> <Li> Forced induction </Li> <Li> Inlet manifold </Li> <Li> Intake </Li> <Li> Intercooler </Li> <Li> Manifold vacuum </Li> <Li> Naturally aspirated engine </Li> <Li> Ram - air intake </Li> <Li> Scroll - type supercharger </Li> <Li> Short ram air intake </Li> <Li> Supercharger </Li> <Li> Throttle </Li> <Li> Throttle body </Li> <Li> Turbocharger </Li> <Li> Twin - turbo </Li> <Li> Variable - geometry turbocharger </Li> <Li> Variable - length intake manifold </Li> <Li> Warm air intake </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fuel system </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carburetor </Li> <Li> Common rail </Li> <Li> Direct injection </Li> <Li> Fuel filter </Li> <Li> Fuel injection </Li> <Li> Fuel pump </Li> <Li> Fuel tank </Li> <Li> Gasoline direct injection </Li> <Li> Indirect injection </Li> <Li> Injection pump </Li> <Li> Lean - burn </Li> <Li> Stratified charge engine </Li> <Li> Turbo fuel stratified injection </Li> <Li> Unit injector </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ignition </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Contact breaker </Li> <Li> Magneto </Li> <Li> Distributor </Li> <Li> Electrical ballast </Li> <Li> High tension leads </Li> <Li> Ignition coil </Li> <Li> Spark plug </Li> <Li> Wasted spark </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Electrics and engine management </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Air -- fuel ratio meter </Li> <Li> Alternator </Li> <Li> Automatic Performance Control </Li> <Li> Car battery ( lead -- acid battery ) </Li> <Li> Crankshaft position sensor </Li> <Li> Dynamo </Li> <Li> Drive by wire </Li> <Li> Electronic control unit </Li> <Li> Engine control unit </Li> <Li> Engine coolant temperature sensor </Li> <Li> Glow plug </Li> <Li> Idle air control actuator </Li> <Li> MAP sensor </Li> <Li> Mass flow sensor </Li> <Li> Oxygen sensor </Li> <Li> Starter motor </Li> <Li> Throttle position sensor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Exhaust system </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Automobile emissions control </Li> <Li> Catalytic converter </Li> <Li> Diesel particulate filter </Li> <Li> Exhaust manifold </Li> <Li> Glasspack </Li> <Li> Muffler </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine cooling </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Air cooling </Li> <Li> Antifreeze ( ethylene glycol ) </Li> <Li> Core plug </Li> <Li> Electric fan </Li> <Li> Fan belt </Li> <Li> Radiator </Li> <Li> Thermostat </Li> <Li> Water cooling </Li> <Li> Viscous fan ( fan clutch ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other components </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Balance shaft </Li> <Li> Block heater </Li> <Li> Combustion chamber </Li> <Li> Cylinder head porting </Li> <Li> Gasket </Li> <Li> Motor oil </Li> <Li> Oil filter </Li> <Li> Oil pump </Li> <Li> Oil sludge </Li> <Li> PCV valve </Li> <Li> Seal </Li> <Li> Synthetic oil </Li> <Li> Underdrive pulleys </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Portal </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Sensors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acoustic , sound , vibration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Geophone </Li> <Li> Hydrophone </Li> <Li> Microphone </Li> <Li> Seismometer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Automotive , transportation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Air -- fuel ratio meter </Li> <Li> Blind spot monitor </Li> <Li> Crankshaft position sensor </Li> <Li> Curb feeler </Li> <Li> Defect detector </Li> <Li> Engine coolant temperature sensor </Li> <Li> Hall effect sensor </Li> <Li> MAP sensor </Li> <Li> Mass flow sensor </Li> <Li> Omniview technology </Li> <Li> Oxygen sensor </Li> <Li> Parking sensors </Li> <Li> Radar gun </Li> <Li> Speed sensor </Li> <Li> Speedometer </Li> <Li> Throttle position sensor </Li> <Li> Tire - pressure monitoring system </Li> <Li> Torque sensor </Li> <Li> Transmission fluid temperature sensor </Li> <Li> Turbine speed sensor </Li> <Li> Variable reluctance sensor </Li> <Li> Vehicle speed sensor </Li> <Li> Water sensor </Li> <Li> Wheel speed sensor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chemical </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Breathalyzer </Li> <Li> Carbon dioxide sensor </Li> <Li> Carbon monoxide detector </Li> <Li> Catalytic bead sensor </Li> <Li> Chemical field - effect transistor </Li> <Li> Electrochemical gas sensor </Li> <Li> Electrolyte -- insulator -- semiconductor sensor </Li> <Li> Electronic nose </Li> <Li> Fluorescent chloride sensors </Li> <Li> Holographic sensor </Li> <Li> Hydrocarbon dew point analyzer </Li> <Li> Hydrogen sensor </Li> <Li> Hydrogen sulfide sensor </Li> <Li> Infrared point sensor </Li> <Li> Ion selective electrode </Li> <Li> Microwave chemistry sensor </Li> <Li> Nitrogen oxide sensor </Li> <Li> Nondispersive infrared sensor </Li> <Li> Olfactometer </Li> <Li> Optode </Li> <Li> Oxygen sensor </Li> <Li> Pellistor </Li> <Li> pH glass electrode </Li> <Li> Potentiometric sensor </Li> <Li> Redox electrode </Li> <Li> Smoke detector </Li>

The manifold absolute pressure sensor is located in the

Where is the manifold absolute pressure sensor located?

5958945853226691114

List of Richmond Football Club captains - wikipedia <H1> List of Richmond Football Club captains </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> This is a list of all captains of the Richmond Football Club , an Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Dates </Td> <Td> Captain ( s ) </Td> <Td> Notes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1908 </Td> <Td> Charlie Pannam </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1909 </Td> <Td> Dick Condon John Lawson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1910 </Td> <Td> Billy Schmidt </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1911 </Td> <Td> Len Incigneri </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1912 </Td> <Td> Ted Ohlsen </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> Hugh James </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> Charlie Ricketts </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1914 -- 1916 </Td> <Td> Bill Thomas </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1917 </Td> <Td> Percy Maybury </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1918 </Td> <Td> Clarrie Hall </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1919 </Td> <Td> Bill Thomas </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1920 -- 1925 </Td> <Td> Dan Minogue </Td> <Td> 1920 Premiership Captain 1921 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1926 </Td> <Td> Mel Morris </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1927 -- 1928 </Td> <Td> Alan Geddes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1929 </Td> <Td> Cyril Lilburne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> Alan Geddes </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> Maurie Hunter </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 -- 1940 </Td> <Td> Percy Bentley </Td> <Td> 1932 Premiership Captain 1934 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1941 -- 1949 </Td> <Td> Jack Dyer </Td> <Td> 1943 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 -- 1951 </Td> <Td> Bill Morris </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 -- 1957 </Td> <Td> Des Rowe </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 -- 1959 </Td> <Td> Roy Wright </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 -- 1962 </Td> <Td> Ron Branton </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1963 -- 1966 </Td> <Td> Neville Crowe </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Fred Swift </Td> <Td> 1967 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1968 -- 1971 </Td> <Td> Roger Dean </Td> <Td> 1969 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1972 -- 1975 </Td> <Td> Royce Hart </Td> <Td> 1973 Premiership Captain 1974 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 -- 1977 </Td> <Td> Francis Bourke </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Kevin Sheedy </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1979 </Td> <Td> Kevin Bartlett </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> Bruce Monteath </Td> <Td> 1980 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> Bryan Wood </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> David Cloke </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1983 -- 1984 </Td> <Td> Barry Rowlings </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 -- 1987 </Td> <Td> Mark Lee </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 -- 1992 </Td> <Td> Dale Weightman </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Jeff Hogg </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 -- 1996 </Td> <Td> Tony Free </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 -- 2000 </Td> <Td> Matthew Knights </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 -- 2004 </Td> <Td> Wayne Campbell </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- 2008 </Td> <Td> Kane Johnson </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 2012 </Td> <Td> Chris Newman </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- </Td> <Td> Trent Cotchin </Td> <Td> 2017 Premiership Captain </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Richmond Football Club Honour Roll </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Richmond Football Club </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Seasons </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> Current squad </Li> <Li> Players </Li> <Li> Captains </Li> <Li> Coaches </Li> <Li> Individual awards </Li> <Li> Jack Dyer Medal </Li> <Li> Michael Roach Medal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Captain : Trent Cotchin </Li> <Li> Coach : Damien Hardwick </Li> <Li> Nickname : Tigers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadiums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Punt Road Oval ( 1908 -- 64 ) </Li> <Li> Melbourne Cricket Ground ( 1964 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Premierships ( 11 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1920 </Li> <Li> 1921 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seasons ( 111 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1908 </Li> <Li> 1909 </Li> <Li> 1910 </Li> <Li> 1911 </Li> <Li> 1912 </Li> <Li> 1913 </Li> <Li> 1914 </Li> <Li> 1915 </Li> <Li> 1916 </Li> <Li> 1917 </Li> <Li> 1918 </Li> <Li> 1919 </Li> <Li> 1920 </Li> <Li> 1921 </Li> <Li> 1922 </Li> <Li> 1923 </Li> <Li> 1924 </Li> <Li> 1925 </Li> <Li> 1926 </Li> <Li> 1927 </Li> <Li> 1928 </Li> <Li> 1929 </Li> <Li> 1930 </Li> <Li> 1931 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1933 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1937 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 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</Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> VFL team </Li> <Li> Dreamtime at the ' G </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Captains of the Richmond Football Club </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 1908 : Pannam </Li> <Li> 1909 : Condon </Li> <Li> 1909 : Lawson </Li> <Li> 1910 : Schmidt </Li> <Li> 1911 : Incigneri </Li> <Li> 1912 : Ohlsen </Li> <Li> 1913 : James </Li> <Li> 1914 -- 1916 : Thomas </Li> <Li> 1917 : Maybury </Li> <Li> 1918 : Hall </Li> <Li> 1919 : Thomas </Li> <Li> 1920 -- 1925 : Minogue </Li> <Li> 1926 : M. Morris </Li> <Li> 1927 -- 1928 : Geddes </Li> <Li> 1929 : Lilburne </Li> <Li> 1930 : Geddes </Li> <Li> 1931 : Hunter </Li> <Li> 1932 -- 1940 : Bentley </Li> <Li> 1941 -- 1949 : Dyer </Li> <Li> 1950 -- 1951 : B. Morris </Li> <Li> 1952 -- 1957 : Rowe </Li> <Li> 1958 -- 1959 : Wright </Li> <Li> 1960 -- 1962 : Branton </Li> <Li> 1963 -- 1966 : Crowe </Li> <Li> 1967 : Swift </Li> <Li> 1968 -- 1971 : Dean </Li> <Li> 1972 -- 1975 : Hart </Li> <Li> 1976 -- 1977 : Bourke </Li> <Li> 1978 : Sheedy </Li> <Li> 1979 : Bartlett </Li> <Li> 1980 : Monteath </Li> <Li> 1981 : Wood </Li> <Li> 1982 : Cloke </Li> <Li> 1983 -- 1984 : Rowlings </Li> <Li> 1985 -- 1987 : Lee </Li> <Li> 1988 -- 1992 : Weightman </Li> <Li> 1993 : Hogg </Li> <Li> 1994 -- 1996 : Free </Li> <Li> 1997 -- 2000 : Knights </Li> <Li> 2001 -- 2004 : Campbell </Li> <Li> 2005 -- 2008 : Johnson </Li> <Li> 2009 -- 2012 : Newman </Li> <Li> 2013 -- : Cotchin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> VFL / AFL club captains </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Adelaide </Li> <Li> Brisbane Bears </Li> <Li> Brisbane Lions </Li> <Li> Carlton </Li> <Li> Collingwood </Li> <Li> Essendon </Li> <Li> Fitzroy </Li> <Li> Fremantle </Li> <Li> Geelong </Li> <Li> Gold Coast </Li> <Li> Greater Western Sydney </Li> <Li> Hawthorn </Li> <Li> Melbourne </Li> <Li> North Melbourne </Li> <Li> Port Adelaide </Li> <Li> Richmond </Li> <Li> St Kilda </Li> <Li> Sydney Swans </Li> <Li> University </Li> <Li> West Coast Eagles </Li> <Li> Western Bulldogs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Richmond_Football_Club_captains&oldid=803103825 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Lists of Australian Football League captains </Li> <Li> Richmond Football Club </Li> <Li> Melbourne sport - related lists </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 30 September 2017 , at 13 : 41 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The captain of Richmond Football Club is

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Chief justice of the United States - wikipedia <H1> Chief justice of the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chief Justice of the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Incumbent John Roberts since September 29 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Style </Th> <Td> The Honorable ( formal ) Mr. Chief Justice ( informal ) Your Honor ( when addressed directly in court ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Appointer </Th> <Td> Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Term length </Th> <Td> Life tenure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Constituting instrument </Th> <Td> U.S. Constitution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Inaugural holder </Th> <Td> John Jay as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court September 26 , 1789 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> March 4 , 1789 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics of the United States of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal Government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Constitution of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Law </Li> <Li> Taxation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United States Congress </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker Paul Ryan ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> United States Senate </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Emeritus Patrick Leahy ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Mitch McConnell ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Chuck Schumer ( D ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Executive ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Donald Trump ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cabinet </Li> <Li> Federal agencies </Li> <Li> Executive Office </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Chief Justice John Roberts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Kennedy </Li> <Li> Thomas </Li> <Li> Ginsburg </Li> <Li> Breyer </Li> <Li> Alito </Li> <Li> Sotomayor </Li> <Li> Kagan </Li> <Li> Gorsuch </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Appeals </Li> <Li> District Courts ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Other tribunals </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Presidential elections </Li> <Li> Midterm elections </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Off - 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As such , he is head of the United States federal court system , which functions as the judicial branch of the nation 's federal government . The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices ; the other eight have the title Associate Justice . </P> <P> The Chief Justice , as the highest judicial officer in the country , serves as a spokesperson for the federal government 's judicial branch , and acts as a chief administrative officer for the federal courts . He is also head of the Judicial Conference of the United States , and in that capacity appoints the director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts . By law , he is also a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution , and by custom is elected chancellor of the board . </P> <P> The Chief Justice leads the business of the Supreme Court and presides over oral arguments . When the court renders an opinion , the Chief Justice -- when in the majority -- decides who writes the court 's opinion . The Chief Justice also has significant agenda - setting power over the court 's meetings . In the case of an impeachment of a President of the United States , which has occurred twice , the Chief Justice presides over the trial in the U.S. Senate . Additionally , the presidential oath of office is typically administered by the Chief Justice ( although the Constitution does not assign this duty to anyone in particular ) . </P> <P> Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789 , 17 persons have served as chief justice . The first was John Jay ( 1789 -- 1795 ) . The current chief justice is John Roberts ( since 2005 ) . Four -- Edward Douglass White , Charles Evans Hughes , Harlan Fiske Stone , and William Rehnquist -- were previously confirmed for associate justice and subsequently confirmed for chief justice separately . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin , title , and appointment to office </Li> <Li> 2 Duties <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Impeachment trials </Li> <Li> 2.2 Seniority </Li> <Li> 2.3 Oath of office </Li> <Li> 2.4 Other duties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Disability or vacancy </Li> <Li> 4 List of Chief Justices <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin , title , and appointment to office ( edit ) </H2> John Jay , by Gilbert Stuart <P> The United States Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of Chief Justice , but presupposes its existence with a single reference in Article I , Section 3 , Clause 6 : `` When the President of the United States is tried , the Chief Justice shall preside . '' Nothing more is said in the Constitution regarding the office . Article III , Section 1 , which authorizes the establishment of the Supreme Court , refers to all members of the Court simply as `` judges . '' The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the distinctive titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . </P> <P> In 1866 , at the urging of Salmon P. Chase , Congress restyled the chief justice 's title to the current Chief Justice of the United States . The first person whose Supreme Court commission contained the modified title was Melville Fuller in 1888 . The associate justices ' title was not altered in 1866 , and remains as originally created . </P> <P> The chief justice , like all federal judges , is nominated by the President and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate . Article III , Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they `` shall hold their Offices during good Behavior '' . This language means that the appointments are effectively for life , and that , once in office , a justice 's tenure ends only when they die , retire , resign , or are removed from office through the impeachment process . </P> <P> The salary of the chief justice is set by Congress ; the current ( 2017 ) annual salary is $263,300 , which is slightly higher than that of associate justices , which is $251,800 . The practice of appointing an individual to serve as chief justice is grounded in tradition ; while the Constitution mandates that there be a chief justice , it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom . There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and confirmed to the Supreme Court . Constitutional law scholar Todd Pettys has proposed that presidential appointment of chief justices should be done away with , and replaced by a process that permits the Justices to select their own chief justice . </P> <P> Three incumbent associate justices have been nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate as chief justice : Edward Douglass White in 1910 , Harlan Fiske Stone in 1941 , and William Rehnquist in 1986 . A fourth , Abe Fortas , was nominated to the position in 1968 , but not confirmed . As an associate justice does not have to resign his or her seat on the Court in order to be nominated as chief justice , Fortas remained an associate justice . Similarly , when associate justice William Cushing was nominated and confirmed as chief justice in January 1796 , but declined the office , he too remained on the Court . Additionally , two former associate justices subsequently returned to service on the Court as chief justice . John Rutledge was the first . President Washington gave him a recess appointment in 1795 . However , his subsequent nomination to the office was not confirmed by the Senate , and he left office and the Court . In 1933 , former associate justice Charles Evans Hughes was confirmed as chief justice . </P> <H2> Duties ( edit ) </H2> <P> Along with his general responsibilities as a member of the Supreme Court , the Chief Justice has several unique duties to fulfill . </P> <H3> Impeachment trials ( edit ) </H3> <P> Article I , section 3 of the U.S. Constitution stipulates that the Chief Justice shall preside over impeachment trials of the President of the United States in the U.S. Senate . Two Chief Justices , Salmon P. Chase and William Rehnquist , have presided over the trial in the Senate that follows an impeachment of the president -- Chase in 1868 over the proceedings against President Andrew Johnson and Rehnquist in 1999 over the proceedings against President Bill Clinton . Both presidents were subsequently acquitted . </P> <H3> Seniority ( edit ) </H3> John Marshall

The Supreme Justice of the Supreme Court is

Who is the supreme justice of the supreme court?

-1259577751352734948

I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) - wikipedia <H1> I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody '' redirects here . For the song by Mando Diao , see Dance with Somebody . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Whitney Houston </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Whitney </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Moment of Truth '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 2 , 1987 ( 1987 - 05 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD single </Li> <Li> cassette single </Li> <Li> 7 '' single </Li> <Li> 12 '' single </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> October 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dance - pop </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 50 ( album version ) 8 : 33 ( 12 '' remix ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Arista </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> George Merrill </Li> <Li> Shannon Rubicam </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Narada Michael Walden </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Whitney Houston singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Greatest Love of All '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` The Greatest Love of All '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' ( 1987 ) </Td> <Td> `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' ( 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Whitney track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` I Wanna Dance With Somebody '' ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> `` Just the Lonely Talking Again '' ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` I Wanna Dance With Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' is the first single from Whitney Houston 's second studio album Whitney . It was produced by Narada Michael Walden , and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl , who had previously written the number - one Whitney Houston hit `` How Will I Know . '' The original arrangement was written for her grandnephew Mau Rosillo when he was 9 years old , as he was a well - renoun dancer . </P> <P> The song received mixed reviews from critics , who compared the musical arrangement to her own `` How Will I Know '' and Cyndi Lauper 's `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun . '' The song won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 30th Grammy Awards . The single was a commercial success , topping the charts in 13 countries including Australia , Italy , Germany and the UK . In the US , it became her fourth consecutive number one single and sold over one million copies , making it her biggest hit in that country at the time . It was eventually surpassed by her version of `` I Will Always Love You '' , five years later in 1992 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Critical reception <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Music video </Li> <Li> 5 Live performances </Li> <Li> 6 Track listing and formats </Li> <Li> 7 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Charts <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.3 Decade - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Certifications </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody '' was written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam , who wrote Houston 's 1985 song `` How Will I Know . '' `` How Will I Know '' became successful , and as a result , they were asked to come up with another song for Houston 's then - new album . Originally the song that gave Merrill and Rubicam their British top ten success as Boy Meets Girl , `` Waiting For a Star to Fall '' was intended by the duo to be a song for Houston . The duo sent it to Arista Records , but they passed on it citing it was not suitable for Houston . Undeterred by this minor setback , the pair continued working on finding a song that would be ideal for Houston , and were inspired to come up with `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody . '' Later on , Rubicam explained the idea behind the song : </P> <P> I pictured somebody single wishing that they could find that special person for themselves . It was n't , ' I wan na go down the disco and dance , ' really . It was , ' I wan na do that dance of life with somebody . ' That was the thought behind the song . So we sent our demo version off to Clive Davis and he loved it . </P> <P> But , the song did not impress the producer , who again was Narada Michael Walden , who had produced `` How Will I Know . '' He took a little more persuading with regard to the song 's potential , and at first was not too keen on having Houston record it , as he felt it was too `` country and western sounding . '' He said of it , </P> <P> ( It ) reminded me of a rodeo song with Olivia Newton - John singing . I love Olivia Newton - John , but for Whitney Houston it did n't seem right . I felt the song needed a much more funkier feel . I slept , dreaming about it , woke up in the morning thinking about it , wondering what am I gon na do with this dance song . So , we just jumped in the water and lo and behold a magic record was born , Houston just knocked it out and then I knew we had a good record . </P> <P> For the song 's production , a Roland TR - 808 was used to produce the drum machine percussion . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' received mixed reviews from critics . Vince Aletti of Rolling Stone magazine , in a review of the album Whitney , criticized the song , commenting that `` not taking any chances , the songwriters ( Merill Griffith and Shannon Rubicam ) have simply come up with a clever anagram of their original hit ( How Will I Know ) , and ( Narada Michael ) Walden has glossed it over in an identically perky style . The strategy is not so different from that behind Hollywood 's blockbuster sequels : this is ' How Will I Know II ' . '' Los Angeles Times 's pop music critic , Robert Hilburn described the song as `` a deliciously raucous tune with a bit of the synthesizer underpinning and giddy zest of Cyndi Lauper 's ' Girls Just Want to Have Fun . ' '' </P> <P> In its review of Whitney , Jon Pareles of The New York Times gave a negative comment , writing that listening to `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody '' and `` You 're Still My Man , '' another track on the album was like `` watching television while someone fiddles with color controls . '' In 2006 , Slant Magazine ranked the song at # 88 in their 100 Greatest Dance Songs , commenting that `` with its parenthetical title , gummy bassline , schmaltzy horns , tinkling keyboards , and half - step key changes , ( the song ) is definitive ' 80s dance - pop . '' </P> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> <P> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' won the award for `` Favorite Pop / Rock Single '' at the 15th American Music Awards on January 25 , 1988 . Additionally , Houston won the Grammy award for `` Best Pop Vocal Performance , Female '' with the song at its 30th ceremony on March 2 , 1988 , where she received a total of three nominations . The music video for the song was nominated for `` Best Music Video '' at the 2nd Soul Train Music Awards on March 30 , 1988 . Houston won the award for `` Best Music Video '' for the video at the 1st Garden State Music Awards . In 2015 the song was voted by the British public as the nation 's fifth favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` I Wanna Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' was released as the first single from Houston 's second studio album at the beginning of May 1987 . It entered the Billboard Hot 100 , the issue dated May 16 , 1987 , at number 38 , her highest debut in the 1980s . Six weeks later , it reached the top spot of the chart , making it Houston 's fourth number - one single in the United States , the issue date of June 27 , 1987 ― the same day that Houston 's album Whitney debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 ( formerly `` Top Pop Albums '' ) the first time ever by a female artist . It remained there for two weeks , and spent 18 weeks on the chart . The song reached number one on the Hot 100 Single Sales chart for two weeks , and on the Hot 100 Airplay chart for three weeks , her longest run at that time . The single also peaked at number one on the Hot Adult Contemporary and the 12 '' remixed dance / club version by John `` Jellybean '' Benitez became Houston 's first chart - topper on the Billboard Hot Dance / Club Play Songs , staying on the top position of the charts for three weeks and two weeks , respectively . In addition , it reached a peak of two on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip - Hop Songs chart ( formerly `` Hot Black Singles '' ) , the issue date of July 4 , 1987 . It remained at that position for two weeks , behind `` I Feel Good All Over '' by Stephanie Mills ( which never made the Hot 100 ) , and spent 15 weeks on the R&B chart . </P> <P> On July 28 , 1987 , the single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for shipment of 1,000,000 copies of the single , becoming one of only three singles to reach that level in that year , and re-certified Platinum , making it Houston 's first single to achieve that feat , for the same shipment on February 13 , 1989 , with the change of the RIAA certification criteria for singles . ( The number of sales required to qualify for gold and platinum discs

The song "I Want to Dance with Somebody" by Whitney Houston was

Who wrote i want to dance with somebody by whitney houston?

-6339722844243759601

Ford of Bruinen </Td> <Td> Arrow River , Skippers Canyon </Td> <Td> Queenstown and Arrowtown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rivendell </Td> <Td> Kaitoke Regional Park </Td> <Td> Upper Hutt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eregion </Td> <Td> Mount Olympus </Td> <Td> Nelson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dead Marshes </Td> <Td> Kepler Mire </Td> <Td> Southland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dimrill Dale </Td> <Td> Lake Alta </Td> <Td> The Remarkables </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dimrill Dale </Td> <Td> Mount Owen </Td> <Td> Nelson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lothlórien </Td> <Td> Paradise </Td> <Td> Glenorchy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> River Anduin </Td> <Td> Upper Waiau River </Td> <Td> Fiordland National Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> River Anduin </Td> <Td> Rangitikei River </Td> <Td> Rangitikei District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> River Anduin </Td> <Td> Poets ' Corner </Td> <Td> Upper Hutt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parth Galen </Td> <Td> Paradise </Td> <Td> Glenorchy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amon Hen </Td> <Td> Mavora Lakes , Paradise and Closeburn </Td> <Td> Southern Lakes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Special Effects ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fellowship of the Ring makes extensive use of digital , practical and make - up special effects throughout . One noticeable illusion that appears in almost every scene involves setting a proper scale so that the characters are all the correct height . Elijah Wood , who plays Frodo , is 5 ft 6 in ( 1.68 m ) tall in real life , but the character of Frodo Baggins is barely four feet in height . Many different tricks were used to depict the hobbits ( and Gimli the Dwarf ) as being of diminutive stature . ( In a happy coincidence , John - Rhys Davies -- who played Gimli -- is as tall compared to the Hobbit actors as his character needed to be compared to theirs , so he did not need to be filmed separately as a third variation of height , and is quite taller than Orlando Bloom , who played Legolas . ) Large - and small - scale doubles were used in certain scenes , while entire duplicates of certain sets ( including Bag End in Hobbiton ) were built at two different scales , so that the characters would appear to be the appropriate size . At one point in the film , Frodo runs along a corridor in Bag End , followed by Gandalf . Elijah Wood and Ian McKellen were filmed in separate versions of the same corridor , built at two different scales , and a fast camera pan conceals the edit between the two . Forced perspective was also employed , so that it would look as though the short Hobbits were interacting with taller Men and Elves . Even the simple use of kneeling down , to the filmmakers ' surprise , turned out to be an effective method in creating the illusion . </P> <P> For the battle between the Last Alliance and Sauron 's forces that begins the film , an elaborate CGI animation system , called MASSIVE , was developed by Stephen Regelous ; it allowed thousands of individual animated `` characters '' in the program to act independently . This helped give the illusion of realism to the battle sequences . The `` Making of '' Lord of the Rings DVD reports some interesting initial problems : in the first execution of a battle between groups of characters , the wrong groups attacked each other . In another early demo , some of the warriors at the edge of the field could be seen running away . They were initially moving in the wrong direction , and had been programmed to keep running until they encountered an enemy . </P> <P> The digital creatures were important due to Jackson 's requirement of biological plausibility . Their surface was scanned from large maquettes before numerous digital details of their skeletons and muscles were added . In the case of the Balrog , Gray Horsfield created a system that copied recorded imagery of fire . </P> <H3> Score ( edit ) </H3> Main article : The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring ( soundtrack ) See also : Music of The Lord of the Rings film series <P> The musical score for The Lord of the Rings films was composed by Howard Shore . It was performed by the 100 - strong New Zealand Symphony Orchestra , the London Philharmonic Orchestra , the London Voices , The London Oratory School Schola , and the Maori Samoan Choir , and featured several vocal soloists . Shore wrote almost four hours of finalised music for the film ( of which just over three hours are used as underscore ) , featuring a number of non-orchestral instruments , and a large number ( 49 - 62 ) of leitmotives . </P> <P> Two original songs , `` Aníron '' and the end title theme `` May It Be '' , were composed and sung by Enya , who allowed her label , Reprise Records , to release the soundtrack to this and its two sequels . In addition to these songs , Shore composed `` In Dreams '' , which was sung by Edward Ross of the London Oratory School Schola . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> A special behind - the - scenes trailer was released in 2000 . Two teasers were shown before Spy Kids and Pearl Harbor ( film ) . The final trailer was with the television premiere of Angel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and on the DVD and VHS of Rush Hour 2 . </P> <H3> Home media ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fellowship of the Ring was released on VHS and DVD in August 2002 . </P> Theatrical and extended release ( edit ) <P> In November 2002 , an extended edition was released on VHS and DVD , with 30 minutes of new material , added special effects and music , plus 20 minutes of fan - club credits , totalling to 228 minutes . The DVD set included four commentaries and over three hours of supplementary material . </P> <P> In August 2006 , a limited edition of The Fellowship of the Ring was released on DVD . The set included both the film 's theatrical and extended editions on a double - sided disc along with all - new bonus material . </P> Blu - ray edition ( edit ) <P> The theatrical Blu - ray version of The Lord of the Rings was released in the United States in April 2010 . There were two separate sets : one with digital copies and one without . The individual Blu - ray disc of The Fellowship of the Ring was released in September 2010 with the same special features as the complete trilogy release , except there was no digital copy . </P> <P> The extended Blu - ray editions were released in the US in June 2011 . This version has a runtime of 238 minutes ( the extended editions include the names of all fan club members at the time of their release ; the additional 9 minutes in the Blu - ray version are because of expanded member rolls , not any additional story material ) . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fellowship of the Ring was released on 19 December 2001 in 3,359 cinemas where it grossed $47.2 million on its opening weekend . The world premiere was held at the Odeon Leicester Square in London . It went on to make $314.7 million in North America and $555.9 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $870.7 million . Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 54 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fellowship of the Ring was acclaimed by film critics and was one of 2001 's best reviewed films . The film holds a 91 % approval rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes based on 227 reviews and an average score of 8.2 / 10 . The site 's main consensus reads `` Full of eye - popping special effects , and featuring a pitch - perfect cast , The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring brings J.R.R. Tolkien 's classic to vivid life '' . The film holds a score of 92 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 34 reviews , indicating `` universal acclaim '' . </P> <P> Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and stating that while it is not `` a true visualization of Tolkien 's Middle - earth '' , it is `` a work for , and of , our times . It will be embraced , I suspect , by many Tolkien fans and take on aspects of a cult . It is a candidate for many Oscars . It is an awesome production in its daring and breadth , and there are small touches that are just right '' . USA Today also gave the film three out of four stars and wrote , `` this movie version of a beloved book should please devotees as well as the uninitiated '' . In his review for The New York Times , Elvis Mitchell wrote , `` The playful spookiness of Mr. Jackson 's direction provides a lively , light touch , a gesture that does n't normally come to mind when Tolkien 's name is mentioned '' . Entertainment Weekly magazine gave the film an `` A '' rating and Lisa Schwarzbaum wrote , `` The cast take to their roles with becoming modesty , certainly , but Jackson also makes it easy for them : His Fellowship flows , never lingering for the sake of admiring its own beauty ... Every detail of which engrossed me . I may have never turned a page of Tolkien , but I know enchantment when I see it '' . </P> <P> In her review for The Washington Post , Rita Kempley praised the cast , in particular , `` Mortensen , as Strider , is a revelation , not to mention downright gorgeous . And McKellen , carrying the burden of thousands of years ' worth of the fight against evil , is positively Merlinesque '' . Time magazine 's Richard Corliss praised Jackson 's work : `` His movie achieves what the best fairy tales do : the creation of an alternate world , plausible and persuasive , where the young -- and not only the young -- can lose themselves . And perhaps , in identifying with the little Hobbit that could , find their better selves '' . In his review for The Village Voice , J. Hoberman wrote , `` Peter Jackson 's adaptation is certainly successful on its own terms '' . Rolling Stone magazine 's Peter Travers wrote , `` It 's emotion that makes Fellowship stick hard in the memory ... Jackson deserves to revel in his success . He 's made a three - hour film that leaves you wanting more '' . However , in his review for The Guardian , Peter Bradshaw wrote , `` there is a strange paucity of plot complication , an absence of anything unfolding , all the more disconcerting because of the clotted and indigestible mythic back story that we have to wade through before anything happens at all '' . </P> <P> In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend , cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of `` A − '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <H3> Accolades ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series <P> In 2002 , the film won four Academy Awards from thirteen nominations . The winning categories were for Best Cinematography , Best Visual Effects , Best Makeup , and Best Original Score . It was also nominated for

The director's cut of The Fellowship of the Ring has a length of

The fellowship of the ring director's cut length?

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in having a memory in which they store their operating instructions and data . Such computers are more versatile in that they do not need to have their hardware reconfigured for each new program , but can simply be reprogrammed with new in - memory instructions ; they also tend to be simpler to design , in that a relatively simple processor may keep state between successive computations to build up complex procedural results . Most modern computers are von Neumann machines . </P> <H2> Data organization and representation ( edit ) </H2> <P> A modern digital computer represents data using the binary numeral system . Text , numbers , pictures , audio , and nearly any other form of information can be converted into a string of bits , or binary digits , each of which has a value of 1 or 0 . The most common unit of storage is the byte , equal to 8 bits . A piece of information can be handled by any computer or device whose storage space is large enough to accommodate the binary representation of the piece of information , or simply data . For example , the complete works of Shakespeare , about 1250 pages in print , can be stored in about five megabytes ( 40 million bits ) with one byte per character . </P> <P> Data are encoded by assigning a bit pattern to each character , digit , or multimedia object . Many standards exist for encoding ( e.g. , character encodings like ASCII , image encodings like JPEG , video encodings like MPEG - 4 ) . </P> <P> By adding bits to each encoded unit , redundancy allows the computer to both detect errors in coded data and correct them based on mathematical algorithms . Errors generally occur in low probabilities due to random bit value flipping , or `` physical bit fatigue '' , loss of the physical bit in storage of its ability to maintain a distinguishable value ( 0 or 1 ) , or due to errors in inter or intra-computer communication . A random bit flip ( e.g. , due to random radiation ) is typically corrected upon detection . A bit , or a group of malfunctioning physical bits ( not always the specific defective bit is known ; group definition depends on specific storage device ) is typically automatically fenced - out , taken out of use by the device , and replaced with another functioning equivalent group in the device , where the corrected bit values are restored ( if possible ) . The cyclic redundancy check ( CRC ) method is typically used in communications and storage for error detection . A detected error is then retried . </P> <P> Data compression methods allow in many cases ( such as a database ) to represent a string of bits by a shorter bit string ( `` compress '' ) and reconstruct the original string ( `` decompress '' ) when needed . This utilizes substantially less storage ( tens of percents ) for many types of data at the cost of more computation ( compress and decompress when needed ) . Analysis of trade - off between storage cost saving and costs of related computations and possible delays in data availability is done before deciding whether to keep certain data compressed or not . </P> <P> For security reasons certain types of data ( e.g. , credit - card information ) may be kept encrypted in storage to prevent the possibility of unauthorized information reconstruction from chunks of storage snapshots . </P> <H2> Hierarchy of storage ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Memory hierarchy <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article appears to contradict the article Memory hierarchy . Please see discussion on the linked talk page . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Various forms of storage , divided according to their distance from the central processing unit . The fundamental components of a general - purpose computer are arithmetic and logic unit , control circuitry , storage space , and input / output devices . Technology and capacity as in common home computers around 2005 . <P> Generally , the lower a storage is in the hierarchy , the lesser its bandwidth and the greater its access latency is from the CPU . This traditional division of storage to primary , secondary , tertiary and off - line storage is also guided by cost per bit . </P> <P> In contemporary usage , `` memory '' is usually semiconductor storage read - write random - access memory , typically DRAM ( dynamic RAM ) or other forms of fast but temporary storage . `` Storage '' consists of storage devices and their media not directly accessible by the CPU ( secondary or tertiary storage ) , typically hard disk drives , optical disc drives , and other devices slower than RAM but non-volatile ( retaining contents when powered down ) . </P> <P> Historically , memory has been called core memory , main memory , real storage or internal memory . Meanwhile , non-volatile storage devices have been referred to as secondary storage , external memory or auxiliary / peripheral storage . </P> <H3> Primary storage ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Computer memory <P> Primary storage ( also known as main memory or internal memory ) , often referred to simply as memory , is the only one directly accessible to the CPU . The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required . Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner . </P> <P> Historically , early computers used delay lines , Williams tubes , or rotating magnetic drums as primary storage . By 1954 , those unreliable methods were mostly replaced by magnetic core memory . Core memory remained dominant until the 1970s , when advances in integrated circuit technology allowed semiconductor memory to become economically competitive . </P> <P> This led to modern random - access memory ( RAM ) . It is small - sized , light , but quite expensive at the same time . ( The particular types of RAM used for primary storage are also volatile , i.e. they lose the information when not powered ) . </P> <P> As shown in the diagram , traditionally there are two more sub-layers of the primary storage , besides main large - capacity RAM : </P> <Ul> <Li> Processor registers are located inside the processor . Each register typically holds a word of data ( often 32 or 64 bits ) . CPU instructions instruct the arithmetic logic unit to perform various calculations or other operations on this data ( or with the help of it ) . Registers are the fastest of all forms of computer data storage . </Li> <Li> Processor cache is an intermediate stage between ultra-fast registers and much slower main memory . It was introduced solely to improve the performance of computers . Most actively used information in the main memory is just duplicated in the cache memory , which is faster , but of much lesser capacity . On the other hand , main memory is much slower , but has a much greater storage capacity than processor registers . Multi-level hierarchical cache setup is also commonly used -- primary cache being smallest , fastest and located inside the processor ; secondary cache being somewhat larger and slower . </Li> </Ul> <P> Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit via a memory bus . It is actually two buses ( not on the diagram ) : an address bus and a data bus . The CPU firstly sends a number through an address bus , a number called memory address , that indicates the desired location of data . Then it reads or writes the data in the memory cells using the data bus . Additionally , a memory management unit ( MMU ) is a small device between CPU and RAM recalculating the actual memory address , for example to provide an abstraction of virtual memory or other tasks . </P> <P> As the RAM types used for primary storage are volatile ( uninitialized at start up ) , a computer containing only such storage would not have a source to read instructions from , in order to start the computer . Hence , non-volatile primary storage containing a small startup program ( BIOS ) is used to bootstrap the computer , that is , to read a larger program from non-volatile secondary storage to RAM and start to execute it . A non-volatile technology used for this purpose is called ROM , for read - only memory ( the terminology may be somewhat confusing as most ROM types are also capable of random access ) . </P> <P> Many types of `` ROM '' are not literally read only , as updates to them are possible ; however it is slow and memory must be erased in large portions before it can be re-written . Some embedded systems run programs directly from ROM ( or similar ) , because such programs are rarely changed . Standard computers do not store non-rudimentary programs in ROM , and rather , use large capacities of secondary storage , which is non-volatile as well , and not as costly . </P> <P> Recently , primary storage and secondary storage in some uses refer to what was historically called , respectively , secondary storage and tertiary storage . </P> <H3> Secondary storage ( edit ) </H3> A hard disk drive with protective cover removed <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been suggested that Auxiliary memory be merged into this article . ( Discuss ) Proposed since November 2017 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main article : Auxiliary memory <P> Secondary storage ( also known as external memory or auxiliary storage ) , differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU . The computer usually uses its input / output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage . Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down -- it is non-volatile . Per unit , it is typically also two orders of magnitude less expensive than primary storage . Modern computer systems typically have two orders of magnitude more secondary storage than primary storage and data are kept for a longer time there . </P> <P> In modern computers , hard disk drives are usually used as secondary storage . The time taken to access a given byte of information stored on a hard disk is typically a few thousandths of a second , or milliseconds . By contrast , the time taken to access a given byte of information stored in random - access memory is measured in billionths of a second , or nanoseconds . This illustrates the significant access - time difference which distinguishes solid - state memory from rotating magnetic storage devices : hard disks are typically about a million times slower than memory . Rotating optical storage devices , such as CD and DVD drives , have even longer access times . With disk drives , once the disk read / write head reaches the proper placement and the data of interest rotates under it , subsequent data on the track are very fast to access . To reduce the seek time and rotational latency , data are transferred to and from disks in large contiguous blocks . </P> <P> When data reside on disk , accessing them in large blocks to hide latency offers an opportunity to design efficient external memory algorithms . Sequential or block access on disks is orders of magnitude faster than random access , and many sophisticated paradigms have been developed to design efficient algorithms based upon sequential and block access . Another way to reduce the I / O bottleneck is to use multiple disks in parallel in order to increase the bandwidth between primary and secondary memory

Most data on a computer is stored in

Where is most data stored on a computer?

-3537666304259521083

Reveille - wikipedia <H1> Reveille </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the bugle call . For other uses , see Reveille ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Reveille Reveille played on the bugle by a member of the United States Army Band </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Reveille '' ( US : / ˈrɛvəli / REV - ə - lee ; UK : / rəˈvæli / rə - VAL - ee ) is a bugle call , trumpet call or pipes call most often associated with the military and prisons ; it is chiefly used to wake military personnel and prisoners at sunrise . The name comes from réveille ( or réveil ) , the French word for `` wake up '' . </P> <P> British Army Cavalry and Royal Horse Artillery regiments sound a call different from the infantry version shown below , known as `` The Rouse '' but often misnamed `` Reveille '' , while the Scottish Regiments of the British Army sound a pipes call of the same name . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Commonwealth of Nations and the United States <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Lyrics </Li> <Li> 1.2 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Denmark </Li> <Li> 3 Germany </Li> <Li> 4 India </Li> <Li> 5 Ireland </Li> <Li> 6 Sweden </Li> <Li> 7 Boy Scouts of America </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Commonwealth of Nations and the United States ( edit ) </H2> <P> The tune used in the Commonwealth of Nations is different from the one used in the United States , but they are used in analogous ways : to ceremonially start the day . </P> The U.S. version of `` Reveille '' <P> In modern times , the U.S. military plays ( or sounds ) `` Reveille '' in the morning , generally near sunrise , though its exact time varies from base to base . On U.S. Army posts and Air Force bases , `` Reveille '' is played by itself or followed by the bugle call `` To the Colors '' at which time the national flag is raised and all U.S. military personnel outdoors are required to come to attention and present a salute in uniform , either to the flag or in the direction of the music if the flag is not visible . While in formation , soldiers are brought to the position of parade rest while `` Reveille '' plays then called to attention and present arms as the national flag is raised . On board U.S. Navy , Marine Corps , and Coast Guard facilities , the flag is generally raised at 0800 ( 8 am ) while `` The Star Spangled Banner '' or the bugle call `` To the Colors '' is played . On some U.S. military bases , `` Reveille '' is accompanied by a cannon shot . </P> <P> In Commonwealth Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday services , `` The Last Post '' begins the period of silent reflection , and `` Reveille '' ends it . The two tunes symbolize sunset and sunrise respectively , and therefore , death and resurrection . ( `` Reveille '' is often replaced by `` The Rouse '' , a bugle call commonly mistaken for `` Reveille '' , although these are actually two different tunes . ) </P> <P> `` To Reveille '' or `` to sound Reveille '' is often used among military personnel as a term meaning `` to notify personnel that it is time to wake up , '' whether the bugle call is actually sounded or not . Units lacking the personnel or equipment necessary to play the tune will often assign the duty to `` sound Reveille '' to the last watch of the night , who must ensure that others are roused at the proper time , by any appropriate means ( often by actually shouting the word `` reveille '' until everyone is awake ) . </P> <H3> Lyrics ( edit ) </H3> <P> Although there are no official lyrics to `` Reveille '' , these unofficial lyrics for the Commonwealth `` Reveille '' have been recently popularized : </P> <P> Rev - eil - lee ! Rev - eil - lee is sounding </P> <P> The bugle calls you from your sleep ; it is the break of day . You 've got to do your duty or you will get no pay . Come , wake yourself , rouse yourself out of your sleep And throw off the blankets and take a good peek at all The bright signs of day are here , so get up and do not delay . </P> <P> Get Up ! </P> <P> Or - der - ly officer is on his round ! And if you 're still a-bed he will send you to the guard And then you 'll get a drill and that will be a bitter pill : So be up when he comes , be up when he comes , </P> Like a soldier at his post , a soldier at his post , all ser - ene . <P> The first lines of the British Cavalry `` Reveille '' were for many years rendered as : </P> <P> Soldiers arise ! Scrub the bloody muck out of your eyes ... </P> <P> The infantry and general `` Reveille '' ran : </P> <P> Get out of bed , </P> <P> Get out of bed , You lazy bastards ! ( repeat ) </P> I feel sorry for you , I do ! <P> In the Royal Navy , `` Reveille '' was usually verbalised as : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Wakey Wakey , Lash up and Stow ! </Dd> </Dl> <P> To the U.S. tune : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up , </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up , </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up this morning ; </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up , </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up , </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up at all ! <Dl> <Dd> The corporal 's worse than the privates , </Dd> <Dd> The sergeant 's worse than the corporals , </Dd> <Dd> Lieutenant 's worse than the sergeants , </Dd> <Dd> And the captain 's worst of all ! </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> < repeat top six lines > </Dd> </Dl> </Td> <Td> <P> An alternate rendition to the U.S. tune above : </P> <Dl> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up this morning ; </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up </Dd> <Dd> I ca n't get ' em up at all ! <Dl> <Dd> And tho ' the sun starts peeping , </Dd> <Dd> And dawn has started creeping , </Dd> <Dd> Those lazy bums keep sleeping , </Dd> <Dd> They never hear my call ! </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> < repeat top six lines > </Dd> </Dl> </Td> <Td> <P> Still another U.S. version goes : </P> <Dl> <Dd> You 've got to get up </Dd> <Dd> You 've got to get up </Dd> <Dd> You 've got to get up this morning </Dd> <Dd> You 've got to get up </Dd> <Dd> You 've got to get up </Dd> <Dd> Get up with the bugler 's call <Dl> <Dd> The major told the captain </Dd> <Dd> The captain told the sergeant </Dd> <Dd> The sergeant told the bugler </Dd> <Dd> The bugler told them all </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> <Dd> < repeat top six lines > </Dd> </Dl> </Td> <Td> <P> Irving Berlin cited the lyrics in part of his song `` Oh ! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning '' from the musical This Is the Army : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The hardest blow of all </Dd> <Dd> Is to hear the bugler call -- <Dl> <Dd> You got ta get up </Dd> <Dd> You got ta get up </Dd> <Dd> You got ta get up this morning </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> Reveille and Rouse are composed , like all bugle music , solely from the notes of the major triad , usually notated in C as : C , the tonic ; E , the mediant ; and G , the dominant . </P> <P> Both the Commonwealth and United States `` Reveilles '' can be played with any combination of valves ( or all open valves ) , because they were first played on a bugle , which lacks valves and plays only notes from the harmonic series . </P> <H2> Denmark ( edit ) </H2> <P> The reveille , was previously used throughout the Royal Danish Army , but is now only played at sunrise and sunset at the Guard Hussar Regiment barracks , by buglers from mounted squadron 's drum and bugle corps . </P> <H2> Germany ( edit ) </H2> <P> Reise Reise is the wake up call on ships of the German Navy , the Deutsche Marine . It comes from the Low German word for rise . Every day on a German Navy ship starts with a wake - up call , the purren , which is started by the Locken , a whistle from the boatswain 's call given 5 minutes before the main wake - up call . The wake - up call is given by a long whistle and the call : Reise , reise , aufstehen , überall zurrt Hängematten . `` Rise , rise , wake up , get your hammock ready '' . </P> <H2> India ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the Indian Army , `` reveille '' is sounded at 06 : 00 ( or sunrise ) , and the regimental colours are hoisted . As this also signals the start of the physical training parade , for practical reasons , servicemen must awake prior to the sounding of reveille . </P> <H2> Ireland ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the Irish Army , reveille is sounded at dawn and at military wreath - laying ceremonies , as on the National Day of Commemoration . </P> <P> In Mountjoy Prison a large metal triangle was formerly beaten to wake the prisoners ; this was immortalised in the song `` The Auld Triangle . '' </P> <H2> Sweden ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Sweden , revelj ( reveille ) can be played on bugle , trumpet or drum . Today , it is usually played from a recording . There is also a reveille for military band composed by Johann Heinrich Walch that is used as the reveille of the Swedish Armed Forces . </P> <H2> Boy scouts of America ( edit ) </H2> <P> Within the Boy Scouts of America , it is common for reveille to be sounded as a `` wake up '' for a large encampment of scouts , usually a camporee , jamboree or summer camp . The music may be played over the camp 's intercom or bugled or trumpeted by the camp bugler . An individual scout unit may also sound reveille to rouse the scouts and scouters on a weekend trip , though this is less common . </P> <P> Troop Bugler is a position of leadership in some Troops . </P> <P> An instrumental rock version of the melody was recorded as `` Reveille Rock '' in 1959 by Johnny and The Hurricanes and released on

The song played while raising the American flag is

What song is played while raising the american flag?

-531589262767128245

</Td> <Td> Valladolid Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 -- 85 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Sanchez , Hugo Hugo Sánchez </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 -- 86 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid ‡ </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Sanchez , Hugo Hugo Sánchez </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 -- 87 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Espanyol </Td> <Td> Sanchez , Hugo Hugo Sánchez </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1987 -- 88 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Sanchez , Hugo Hugo Sánchez </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 -- 89 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Baltazar , Baltazar </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 -- 90 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Sanchez , Hugo Hugo Sánchez </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 -- 91 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Butragueno , Emilio Emilio Butragueño </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 -- 92 </Td> <Td> Barcelona † </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Manolo , Manolo </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 -- 93 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Bebeto , Bebeto </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 -- 94 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Zaragoza </Td> <Td> Romario Romário </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 -- 95 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Real Betis </Td> <Td> Zamorano , Ivan Iván Zamorano </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 -- 96 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Pizzi , Juan Antonio Juan Antonio Pizzi </Td> <Td> Tenerife </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1996 -- 97 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Ronaldo Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 -- 98 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad </Td> <Td> Vieri , Christian Christian Vieri </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 -- 99 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Mallorca </Td> <Td> Raul Raúl </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 -- 2000 </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> , Salva ( footballer ) Salva ( footballer ) </Td> <Td> Racing Santander </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 -- 01 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Mallorca </Td> <Td> Raul Raúl </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 -- 02 </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Tristan , Diego Diego Tristán </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 -- 03 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Makaay , Roy Roy Makaay </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 -- 04 </Td> <Td> Valencia ‡ </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña </Td> <Td> Ronaldo Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2004 -- 05 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Villarreal </Td> <Td> Forlan , Diego Diego Forlán </Td> <Td> Villarreal </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- 06 </Td> <Td> Barcelona † </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Eto'o , Samuel Samuel Eto'o </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 07 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> van Nistelrooy , Ruud Ruud van Nistelrooy </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 -- 08 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Villarreal </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Guiza , Daniel Daniel Güiza </Td> <Td> Mallorca </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 -- 09 </Td> <Td> Barcelona * </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Sevilla </Td> <Td> Forlan , Diego Diego Forlán </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 10 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 11 </Td> <Td> Barcelona † </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Ronaldo , Cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 12 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Valencia </Td> <Td> Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 13 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 14 </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Ronaldo , Cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 -- 15 </Td> <Td> Barcelona * </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Ronaldo , Cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Real Madrid </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Suarez , Luis Luis Suárez </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid † </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Atlético Madrid </Td> <Td> Messi , Lionel Lionel Messi </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Total titles won ( edit ) </H2> Real Betis Sevilla FC Deportivo de La Coruña Real Sociedad Valencia CF Athletic Bilbao Atlético Madrid FC Barcelona Real Madrid Location of Spanish football champions <Table> <Tr> <Th> Club </Th> <Th> Winners </Th> <Th> Runners - up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Real Madrid </Th> <Td> 33 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Barcelona </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Atlético Madrid </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Athletic Bilbao </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Valencia </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Real Sociedad </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deportivo La Coruña </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sevilla </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Real Betis </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Titles won by club ( % ) </P> Real Madrid -- 33 ( 38 % ) Barcelona -- 24 ( 28 % ) Atlético Madrid -- 10 ( 12 % ) Athletic Bilbao -- 8 ( 9 % ) Valencia -- 6 ( 7 % ) Other clubs ( 6 % ) <H3> By city ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> City </Th> <Th> Championships </Th> <Th> Clubs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madrid </Th> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid ( 33 ) , Atlético Madrid ( 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Barcelona </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Barcelona ( 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bilbao </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao ( 8 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Valencia </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Valencia ( 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> San Sebastián </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Real Sociedad ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Seville </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Real Betis ( 1 ) , Sevilla ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A Coruña </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> By Autonomous Community ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Community </Th> <Th> Championships </Th> <Th> Clubs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madrid </Th> <Td> 43 </Td> <Td> Real Madrid ( 33 ) , Atlético Madrid ( 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Catalonia </Th> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Barcelona ( 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basque Country </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Athletic Bilbao ( 8 ) , Real Sociedad ( 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Valencia </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> Valencia ( 6 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Andalusia </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Real Betis ( 1 ) , Sevilla ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Galicia </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Deportivo La Coruña ( 1 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <P> A. Atlético Madrid were known as Atlético Aviación from 1939 until 1947 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> Bibliography </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Cresswell , Peterjon ; Simon Evans ( 1997 ) . European Football , A Fan 's Handbook . Rough Guides . ISBN 1 - 85828 - 256 - X . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Citations </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Cresswell . European Football , A Fan 's Handbook . p. 489 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hughes , Rob ( 8 April 2007 ) . `` Athletic Bilbao gets an Easter gift '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 4 December 2008 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Spain - List of Champions '' . Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation . 4 September 2008 . Retrieved 29 November 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Doing the Double ! '' . Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation . 27 November 2008 . Retrieved 29 November 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ashby , Kevin ( 27 May 2009 ) . `` Guardiola salutes his treble winners '' . Union of European Football Associations . Retrieved 28 May 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Spain , Final tables 1928 -- '' . Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation . 28 September 2000 . Retrieved 24 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Latest Spanish Primera Liga Table '' . Soccerbase . Retrieved 29 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Spain - List of topscorers '' . Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation . 12 June 2009 . Retrieved 29 August 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Laws of the game ( Law 10 ) '' . Federation Internationale de Futbol Associacion . Archived from the original on 21 April 2008 . Retrieved 29 April 2008 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Lists of national association football champions of Europe ( UEFA ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Active </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Albania </Li> <Li> Austria </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Bosnia and Herzegovina </Li> <Li> Bulgaria </Li> <Li> Croatia </Li> <Li> Cyprus </Li> <Li> Czech Republic </Li> <Li> Denmark </Li> <Li> England </Li> <Li> Finland </Li> <Li> France </Li> <Li> Germany </Li> <Li> Greece </Li> <Li> Hungary </Li> <Li> Ireland </Li> <Li> Israel </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Macedonia </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> <Li> Portugal </Li> <Li> Romania </Li> <Li> Russia </Li> <Li> Scotland </Li> <Li> Serbia </Li> <Li> Slovenia </Li> <Li> Spain </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Switzerland </Li> <Li> Turkey </Li> <Li> Ukraine </Li> <Li> Wales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Czechoslovakia </Li> <Li> East Germany </Li> <Li> Soviet Union </Li> <Li> Yugoslavia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Football in Spain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> AFE </Li> <Li> ANEF </Li> <Li> CTA </Li> <Li> CSD </Li> <Li> COE </Li> <Li> LFP </Li> <Li> RFEF </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr>

Over the last 10 years, the winner of La Liga has been

Who won la liga in the last 10 years?

-8020717853576333901

Dust Bowl - Wikipedia <H1> Dust Bowl </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Dust Bowl ( disambiguation ) . Map of states and counties affected by the Dust Bowl between 1935 and 1938 originally prepared by the Soil Conservation Service . The most severely affected counties are colored . A farmer and his two sons during a dust storm in Cimarron County , Oklahoma , April 1936 . Iconic photo taken by Arthur Rothstein . <P> The Dust Bowl , also known as the Dirty Thirties , was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s ; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion ( the Aeolian processes ) caused the phenomenon . The drought came in three waves , 1934 , 1936 , and 1939 -- 1940 , but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years . With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the plains , farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous decade ; this had displaced the native , deep - rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds . The rapid mechanization of farm equipment , especially small gasoline tractors , and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers ' decisions to convert arid grassland ( much of which received no more than 10 inches ( 250 mm ) of precipitation per year ) to cultivated cropland . </P> <P> During the drought of the 1930s , the unanchored soil turned to dust , which the prevailing winds blew away in huge clouds that sometimes blackened the sky . These choking billows of dust -- named `` black blizzards '' or `` black rollers '' -- traveled cross country , reaching as far as the East Coast and striking such cities as New York City and Washington , D.C. On the Plains , they often reduced visibility to 3 feet ( 1 m ) or less . Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma , to witness the `` Black Sunday '' black blizzards of April 14 , 1935 ; Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press coined the term `` Dust Bowl '' while rewriting Geiger 's news story . While the term `` the Dust Bowl '' was originally a reference to the geographical area affected by the dust , today it is usually used to refer to the event , as in `` It was during the Dust Bowl '' . </P> <P> The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected 100,000,000 acres ( 400,000 km ) that centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico , Colorado , and Kansas . </P> <P> The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty - stricken families to abandon their farms , unable to pay mortgages or grow crops , and losses reached US $ 25 million per day by 1936 ( equivalent to US $440,000,000 in 2017 ) . Many of these families , who were often known as `` Okies '' because so many of them came from Oklahoma , migrated to California and other states to find that the Great Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left . </P> <P> The Dust Bowl has been the subject of many cultural works , notably the novel The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) by John Steinbeck , the folk music of Woody Guthrie , and photographs depicting the conditions of migrants by Dorothea Lange . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geographic characteristics and early history </Li> <Li> 2 Drought and dust storms </Li> <Li> 3 Human displacement <Ul> <Li> 3.1 United States </Li> <Li> 3.2 Characteristics of migrants </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 U.S. government response </Li> <Li> 5 Long - term economic impact </Li> <Li> 6 Influence on the arts and culture </Li> <Li> 7 Aggregate changes in agriculture and population on the Plains </Li> <Li> 8 See also <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Notable documentaries </Li> <Li> 8.2 International </Li> <Li> 8.3 General </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geographic characteristics and early History </H2> A dust storm approaches Stratford , Texas , in 1935 . <P> The Dust Bowl area lies principally west of the 100th meridian on the High Plains , characterized by plains which vary from rolling in the north to flat in the Llano Estacado . Elevation ranges from 2,500 feet ( 760 m ) in the east to 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) at the base of the Rocky Mountains . The area is semiarid , receiving less than 20 inches ( 510 mm ) of rain annually ; this rainfall supports the shortgrass prairie biome originally present in the area . The region is also prone to extended drought , alternating with unusual wetness of equivalent duration . During wet years , the rich soil provides bountiful agricultural output , but crops fail during dry years . The region is also subject to high winds . During early European and American exploration of the Great Plains , this region was thought unsuitable for European - style agriculture ; explorers called it the Great American Desert . The lack of surface water and timber made the region less attractive than other areas for pioneer settlement and agriculture . </P> <P> The federal government encouraged settlement and development of the Plains for agriculture via the Homestead Act of 1862 , offering settlers 160 - acre ( 65 ha ) plots . With the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 , waves of new migrants and immigrants reached the Great Plains , and they greatly increased the acreage under cultivation . An unusually wet period in the Great Plains mistakenly led settlers and the federal government to believe that `` rain follows the plow '' ( a popular phrase among real estate promoters ) and that the climate of the region had changed permanently . While initial agricultural endeavors were primarily cattle ranching , the adverse effect of harsh winters on the cattle , beginning in 1886 , a short drought in 1890 , and general overgrazing , led many landowners to increase the amount of land under cultivation . </P> <P> Recognizing the challenge of cultivating marginal arid land , the United States government expanded on the 160 acres ( 65 ha ) offered under the Homestead Act -- granting 640 acres ( 260 ha ) to homesteaders in western Nebraska under the Kinkaid Act ( 1904 ) and 320 acres ( 130 ha ) elsewhere in the Great Plains under the Enlarged Homestead Act ( 1909 ) . Waves of European settlers arrived in the plains at the beginning of the 20th century . A return of unusually wet weather seemingly confirmed a previously held opinion that the `` formerly '' semiarid area could support large - scale agriculture . At the same time , technological improvements such as mechanized plowing and mechanized harvesting made it possible to operate larger properties without increasing labor costs . </P> <P> The combined effects of the disruption of the Russian Revolution , which decreased the supply of wheat and other commodity crops , and World War I increased agricultural prices ; this demand encouraged farmers to dramatically increase cultivation . For example , in the Llano Estacado of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas , the area of farmland was doubled between 1900 and 1920 , then tripled again between 1925 and 1930 . The agricultural methods favored by farmers during this period created the conditions for large - scale erosion under certain environmental conditions . The widespread conversion of the land by deep plowing and other soil preparation methods to enable agriculture eliminated the native grasses which held the soil in place and helped retain moisture during dry periods . Furthermore , cotton farmers left fields bare during winter months , when winds in the High Plains are highest , and burned the stubble as a means to control weeds prior to planting , thereby depriving the soil of organic nutrients and surface vegetation . </P> <H2> Drought and Dust storms </H2> A dust storm ; Spearman , Texas , April 14 , 1935 `` Heavy black clouds of dust rising over the Texas Panhandle , Texas '' , c. 1936 . <P> After fairly favourable climatic conditions in the 1920s with good rainfall and relatively moderate winters , which permitted increased settlement and cultivation in the Great Plains , the region entered an unusually dry era in the summer of 1930 . During the next decade , the northern plains suffered four of their seven driest calendar years since 1895 , Kansas four of its twelve driest , and the entire region south to West Texas lacked any period of above - normal rainfall until record rains hit in 1941 . When severe drought struck the Great Plains region in the 1930s , it resulted in erosion and loss of topsoil because of farming practices at the time . The drought dried the topsoil and over time it became friable , reduced to a powdery consistency in some places . Without the indigenous grasses in place , the high winds that occur on the plains picked up the topsoil and created the massive dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period . The persistent dry weather caused crops to fail , leaving the plowed fields exposed to wind erosion . The fine soil of the Great Plains was easily eroded and carried east by strong continental winds . </P> <P> On November 11 , 1933 , a very strong dust storm stripped topsoil from desiccated South Dakota farmlands in just one of a series of severe dust storms that year . Beginning on May 9 , 1934 , a strong , two - day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl . The dust clouds blew all the way to Chicago , where they deposited 12 million pounds of dust ( ~ 5500 tonnes ) . Two days later , the same storm reached cities to the east , such as Cleveland , Buffalo , Boston , New York City , and Washington , D.C. That winter ( 1934 -- 1935 ) , red snow fell on New England . </P> <P> On April 14 , 1935 , known as `` Black Sunday '' , 20 of the worst `` black blizzards '' occurred across the entire sweep of the Great Plains , from Canada south to Texas . The dust storms caused extensive damage and turned the day to night ; witnesses reported that they could not see five feet in front of them at certain points . Denver - based Associated Press reporter Robert E. Geiger happened to be in Boise City , Oklahoma that day . His story about Black Sunday marked the first appearance of the term Dust Bowl ; it was coined by Edward Stanley , Kansas City news editor of the Associated Press , while rewriting Geiger 's news story . </P> <P> Spearman and Hansford County have been literaly ( sic ) in a cloud of dust for the past week . Ever since Friday of last week , there has n't been a day pass but what the county was beseieged ( sic ) with a blast of wind and dirt . On rare occasions when the wind did subside for a period of hours , the air has been so filled with dust that the town appeared to be overhung by a fog cloud . Because of this long seige of dust and every building being filled with it ,

The Dust Bowl in Oklahoma ended in

When did the dust bowl end in oklahoma?

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, and number 1 on VH1 's Greatest One Hit Wonders of the ' 90s . </P> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 -- 93 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 89 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( The Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US R&B / Hip - Hop Songs </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Dance / Club Play Songs </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Jonathan Coulton cover / Glee cover ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( February 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jonathan Coulton released a cover of `` Baby Got Back '' during his Thing a Week project in October 2005 , with the song being released as part of the first Thing A Week compilation album the next year . </P> <P> In late January 2013 , a preview of the television show Glee included a cover of `` Baby Got Back '' that would be part of an upcoming episode . Many , including Coulton , noted that the backing music was extremely similar to his recorded version ; Coulton reported that he had not been contacted by the Fox Broadcasting Network about this song , but at the time could only suppose that the Glee version was similar to his own . Coulton had tried to contact Fox for additional details prior to the episode 's airing . The episode with the song , `` Sadie Hawkins '' , aired unchanged on January 24 , 2013 ; further analysis of the aired version showed the Glee cover appeared to use Coulton 's original musical arrangement as it included Coulton 's original melody and a changed line in Coulton 's version ( `` Johnny C 's in trouble '' instead of the original `` Mix - a-Lot's in trouble '' ) . Coulton 's agents were later contacted by Fox , claiming , in his words , `` they 're within their legal rights to do this , and that ( Coulton ) should be happy for the exposure '' , even though Coulton is not credited within the episode . Coulton has been exploring legal options ; while musical covers do not have copyright legal protection in the United States , Coulton may have legal rights if the Glee version is found to have used his audio track or original composition directly . Coulton has since released his cover of `` Baby Got Back '' to iTunes , what he calls `` a cover of Glee 's cover of my cover of Sir Mix - a-Lot's song '' , with proceeds going to charity . Coulton 's experience has led other artists who believe that Glee used their cover arrangements as backing within the show to step forward with similar claims . </P> <H2> Related songs and allusions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In a 2000 interview , Sir Mix - a-Lot reflected : `` There 's always butt songs . Hell , I got the idea sitting up here listening to old Parliament records : Motor Booty Affair . Black men like butts . That 's the bottom line . '' The song is part of a tradition of 1970s -- 90s African - American music celebrating the female posterior , including `` Da Butt '' , `` Rump Shaker '' , and `` Shake Your Groove Thing '' . </P> <Ul> <Li> Spoken word duo Athens Boys Choir has a parody of the song on their album Rhapsody in T called `` Tranny Got Pack '' . An alternative version was performed at a 2006 Washington Mutual retreat in Hawaii . </Li> <Li> A 2009 Burger King commercial promoting SpongeBob SquarePants Kids ' Meal toys featured a parody called `` I Like Square Butts '' . </Li> <Li> The song is played during the credit sequence of the video game Fat Princess while the player is attacking the staff with a scythe . </Li> <Li> The song in the main theme for the Are We There Yet ? series episode `` The Viral Video Episode '' . </Li> <Li> This song was used in a The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon ' sketch aired on June 16 , 2014 . It consisted of clips of NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams , edited to create the illusion of him performing the song . </Li> <Li> The chorus of Nicki Minaj 's 2014 single `` Anaconda '' heavily samples the song , including the beat , the lyric `` My anaconda do n't want none unless you got buns hun '' as well as `` Oh my god , look at her butt '' in the beginning of the song . The song 's closing line , `` little in the middle but she got much back '' , is also sampled . Sir Mix - a-Lot stated his approval for Minaj 's song , saying that he had gained `` a whole new level of respect for her '' and that he had become a `` fan for life '' of Minaj . </Li> <Li> In June 2014 , the Seattle Symphony performed an orchestral rendition of the song , arranged by composer Gabriel Prokofiev , and performed by Sir - Mix - A-Lot . </Li> <Li> Country music artist Joe Nichols had been performing a honky - tonk style cover of `` Baby Got Back '' in concerts since 2012 . In 2017 , Nichols decided to record his rendition and include it on his album Never Gets Old . On July 31 , 2017 , Nichols released a music video for his cover , in which he performs the song for Sir Mix - A-Lot . </Li> <Li> The song featured in an episode of Apple Music 's Carpool Karaoke starring Game of Thrones ' Maisie Williams and Sophie Turner . Together they parody the beginning of the song using Sean Bean 's distinctive Yorkshire accent . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1992 in music </Li> <Li> Hot 100 number - one hits of 1992 ( USA ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Baby Got Back Songfacts '' . Songfacts . Archived from the original on 19 April 2007 . Retrieved 2007 - 04 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ King , M.C. ( 1 November 2007 ) . 101 Reasons the ' 90s Ruled : Ten Years of Living La Vida Loca . Simon and Schuster . p. 124 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 4165 - 9212 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paul Grein ( May 8 , 2013 ) . `` Week Ending May 5 , 2013 . Songs : Macklemore Pulls A Gaga '' . Yahoo Music ( Chart Watch ) . Retrieved May 16 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andrew Winistorfer ( 2008 - 09 - 29 ) . `` VH1 's 100 Greatest Hip - Hop Songs '' . Prefixmag . Retrieved 2011 - 10 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Spuds McKenzie '' . youtube.com . August 20 , 2016 . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` OMG , meet the real ' Becky ' from ' Baby Got Back ' '' . usatoday.com . Retrieved November 30 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Keizer , Brian ( September 1992 ) . `` Big Buts '' . Spin. 8 ( 6 ) : 87 -- 88 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' And I Cannot Lie ' : The Oral History of Sir Mix - a-Lot's ' Baby Got Back ' Video '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Australian-charts.com -- Sir Mix - A-Lot -- Baby Got Back '' . ARIA Top 50 Singles . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Canadian peak </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Musicline.de -- Sir Mix - A-Lot Single - Chartverfolgung '' ( in German ) . Media Control Charts . PhonoNet GmbH . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Nederlandse Top 40 -- Sir Mix - A-Lot '' ( in Dutch ) . Dutch Top 40 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Charts.org.nz -- Sir Mix - A-Lot -- Baby Got Back '' . Top 40 Singles . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Swisscharts.com -- Sir Mix - A-Lot -- Baby Got Back '' . Swiss Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` End of Year Charts 1992 '' . Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved December 3 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Billboard Hot 100 - 1992 '' . Archived from the original on 2010 - 01 - 17 . Retrieved 2009 - 09 - 15 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Doctorow , Cory ( 2005 - 10 - 15 ) . `` Nerd folksinger covers Baby Got Back '' . Boing Boing . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Eakin , Marah ( 2013 - 01 - 18 ) . `` Jonathan Coulton says Glee ripped off his cover of `` Baby Got Back '' `` . The A.V. Club . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Landau , Elizabeth ( 2013 - 01 - 26 ) . `` Singer alleges ' Glee ' ripped off his cover song '' . CNN . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Zakarin , Jordan ( 2013 - 01 - 26 ) . `` Musician Claims ' Glee ' Stole His Version of ' Baby Got Back ' '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cantalano , Michele ( 2013 - 01 - 27 ) . `` Jonathan Coulton vs. Glee : It 's About the Ethics '' . Forbes . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hudson , Laura ( 2013 - 01 - 25 ) . `` Jonathan Coulton Explains How Glee Ripped Off His Cover Song -- And Why He 's Not Alone '' . Wired . Retrieved 2013 - 01 - 27 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sir Mix - a-Lot ; Caramanica , Jon ( October 2000 ) . `` Still Bumpin ' '' . Vibe. 8 ( 8 ) : 82 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Aubry , Erin J. ( 2003 ) . `` The butt : its politics , its profanity , its power '' . In Edut , Ophira . Body outlaws : rewriting the rules of beauty and body image ( 2nd ed . ) . Seal Press . p. 30 . ISBN 1

The song "My Anaconda Don't Want None" is sung by Nicki Minaj, not

Who sings my anaconda don't want none?

-3339006116507262453

The Impalas - wikipedia <H1> The Impalas </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the girl group initially known as The Impalas , see The Jewels . <P> The Impalas were an American doo - wop group in the late 1950s , best known for their hit , `` Sorry ( I Ran All the Way Home ) '' . </P> <P> The group formed in 1958 in Brooklyn , New York , and was composed of lead singer Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier ( September 5 , 1943 -- April 1 , 2014 ) , Richard Wagner , Lenny Renda and Tony Carlucci . They were a racially integrated group -- Frazier was the only black member . </P> <P> They recorded for Hamilton Records and were found by songwriters Artie Zwirn and Aristides `` Gino '' Giosasi , who wrote the song `` Sorry ( I Ran All The Way Home ) '' . In 1959 disc jockey Alan Freed heard the group , added his name as a writer of the song and got them a deal with MGM Records subsidiary label Cub . In the US , the record reached # 2 on the U.S. pop chart , # 14 on the R&B chart . Outside the US , `` Sorry ( I Ran All The Way Home ) '' peaked at # 28 on the UK Singles Chart . The song sold over one million copies , earning gold disc status . </P> <P> The group recorded follow - ups including `` ' Bye Everybody , '' `` Oh What A Fool , '' an album for Cub , and one further single for the 20th Century label before disbanding in 1961 . Frazier went on to sing with Love 's Own in 1973 , and in 1980 resurrected the Impalas as a touring act . </P> <P> Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier died on April 1 , 2014 , at the age of 70 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Bryan Thomas . `` The Impalas - Biography '' . AllMusic . Retrieved March 25 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Top R&B / Hip - Hop Singles : 1942 - 2004 . Record Research . p. 271 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 268 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Murrells , Joseph ( 1978 ) . The Book of Golden Discs ( 2nd ed . ) . London : Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 115 . ISBN 0 - 214 - 20512 - 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` West Saint Paul Antiques '' . Weststpaulantiques.com . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` JOE `` SPEEDO '' FRAZIER `` . Rockabilly.nl . Retrieved 26 October 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Joe `` Speedo '' Frazier biography </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> MusicBrainz : 9238d3e6 - 4d7c - 4457 - 8075 - aa49b2332974 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Impalas&oldid=807254556 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Doo - wop groups </Li> <Li> American rhythm and blues musical groups </Li> <Li> Cub Records artists </Li> <Li> MGM Records artists </Li> <Li> Musical groups established in 1958 </Li> <Li> Musical groups disestablished in 1961 </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 26 October 2017 , at 21 : 22 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "I Ran All the Way Home" was sung by

Who sang i ran all the way home?

3085261203124604454

Keystone Heights , Florida - wikipedia <H1> Keystone Heights , Florida </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Keystone Heights , Florida </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Images top , left to right : Lake Geneva , City Hall , Keystone Heights Junior / Senior High School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location in Clay County and the state of Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coordinates : 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 Coordinates : 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Td> Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> County </Th> <Td> Clay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 1.11 sq mi ( 2.88 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Land </Th> <Td> 1.10 sq mi ( 2.85 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Water </Th> <Td> 0.01 sq mi ( 0.03 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 141 ft ( 43 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population ( 2010 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> 1,350 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Estimate ( 2016 ) </Th> <Td> 1,461 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> 1,328.18 / sq mi ( 512.81 / km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> Eastern ( EST ) ( UTC - 5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Summer ( DST ) </Th> <Td> EDT ( UTC - 4 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ZIP code </Th> <Td> 32656 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area code ( s ) </Th> <Td> 352 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FIPS code </Th> <Td> 12 - 36475 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> GNIS feature ID </Th> <Td> 0285088 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Keystone Heights is a city located in southwestern Clay County , Florida , United States . The population of the city was 1,350 at the 2010 census . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Geography </Li> <Li> 3 Demographics </Li> <Li> 4 City Council </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1918 , the area that would eventually become known as the city of Keystone Heights was a small community known as Brooklyn located along present day State Road 100 , about one mile north of the present location of Keystone Heights on Lake Brooklyn . </P> <P> In those early days Brooklyn consisted of a large unpainted building called the Brooklyn Hotel ; a combination general store and post office ; and several small houses scattered about . Property Developer John J. Lawrence , who hailed from Pennsylvania , noticed the area on a visit to Lake Brooklyn , and instantly became attracted to the region . </P> <P> In 1921 , the Lawrence family completed their home , the first house built in Keystone Heights , which overlooked Lake Geneva , and still lies there today at the corner of Jasmine Street & Lakeview Drive . The town would be incorporated as Keystone Heights , named after Lawrence 's home state of Pennsylvania 's nickname , the `` Keystone '' state , in 1925 . </P> <P> After hearing of natural wonders and the many different lakes of the area , other families moved to Keystone , putting a strain on those attempting to build structures within the city . Helping to address the issue , in late 1922 , C. Ray Lawrence came to Keystone Heights , and began laying out the streets and lots in the town . </P> <P> The next particularly significant event would come on New Year 's Day in 1924 , when the Keystone Inn opened . The inn was host to many events throughout the community , and essentially became an icon for the town . </P> <P> Tourists visiting the Inn would also frequent the Chautauqua . A large open pit that effectively served as a type of amphitheater , the Chautauqua served as a beacon for various musicians , artists , and speakers from the Chautauqua circuit in New York . </P> <P> Within just two years , people were traveling to the Keystone Inn and the community of Keystone Heights from great distances to experience the town for themselves . The small community boasted a public beach with a pavilion , picnic grounds and a nine - hole golf course . These events brought a variety of travelers , such as the University of Florida football team , which would stay at the Inn before their homecoming games . </P> <P> The inn no longer exists . It burned in October 1954 , and was never rebuilt . Today , the former property of the inn is a park in front of City Hall . </P> <P> The city gained the Keystone Heights school in 1926 . As the city rapidly grew , the school began to expand as well , and in 1963 , Keystone Heights High School and Keystone Heights Elementary were established on the property of what is today the elementary school . In September 1974 , the high school moved to its present - day location across the street , and became Keystone Heights Junior / Senior High School . In 2017 local beloved citizen Matt Morris ran and was elected Mayor of Keystone Heights . His impeccable reputation and can do attitude issued in a new era of growth and prosperity in Keystone . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Keystone Heights is located in northeast Florida in the southwest corner of Clay County , at 29 ° 47 ′ 14 '' N 82 ° 1 ′ 59 '' W  /  29.78722 ° N 82.03306 ° W  / 29.78722 ; - 82.03306 ( 29.787243 , - 82.033026 ) . The city overlooks the north shore of Lake Geneva . State Road 21 leads northeast 30 miles ( 48 km ) ( via SR 16 to Green Cove Springs , the Clay County seat , and south 18 miles ( 29 km ) to Hawthorne . SR 100 crosses SR 21 and leads north 12 miles ( 19 km ) to Starke and southeast 26 miles ( 42 km ) to Palatka . </P> <P> According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.1 square miles ( 2.9 km ) , of which 0.012 square miles ( 0.03 km ) , or 1.16 % , is water . </P> <H2> Demographics ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Historical population </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Census </Th> <Th> Pop . </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> % ± </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 35.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> 307 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 111.7 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> 655 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 113.4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> 800 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 22.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1980 </Td> <Td> 1,056 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 32.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1,315 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 24.5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> 1,349 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2.6 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1,350 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0.1 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Est. 2016 </Td> <Td> 1,461 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8.2 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> U.S. Decennial Census </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As of the census of 2000 , there were 1,349 people , 515 households , and 374 families residing in the city . The population density was 296.9 people per square mile ( 114.7 / km2 ) . There were 562 housing units at an average density of 123.7 per square mile ( 47.8 / km2 ) . The racial makeup of the city was 96.07 % White , 0.44 % African American , 0.52 % Native American , 0.52 % Asian , 0.30 % Pacific Islander , 1.19 % from other races , and 0.96 % from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.67 % of the population . </P> <P> There were 515 households out of which 36.5 % had children under the age of 18 living with them , 56.7 % were married couples living together , 12.6 % had a female householder with no husband present , and 27.2 % were non-families. 24.1 % of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0 % had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older . The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.09 . </P> <P> In the city , the population was spread out with 28.1 % under the age of 18 , 8.1 % from 18 to 24 , 25.0 % from 25 to 44 , 21.5 % from 45 to 64 , and 17.3 % who were 65 years of age or older . The median age was 38 years . For every 100 females there were 86.1 males . For every 100 females age 18 and over , there were 81.3 males . </P> <P> The median income for a household in the city was $39,519 , and the median income for a family was $47,404 . Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $24,886 for females . The per capita income for the city was $19,157 . About 5.1 % of families and 8.3 % of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.5 % of those under age 18 and 7.5 % of those age 65 or over . </P> <H2> City council ( edit ) </H2> <P> Keystone Heights has a city manager form of government , with a mayor and four council members , all elected at large . They serve three year terms . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` 2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files '' . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved Jul 7 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Population and Housing Unit Estimates '' . Retrieved June 9 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` American FactFinder '' . United States Census Bureau . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 31 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` US Board on Geographic Names '' . United States Geological Survey . 2007 - 10 - 25 . Retrieved 2008 - 01 - 31 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Geographic Identifiers : 2010 Demographic Profile Data ( G001 ) : Keystone Heights city , Florida '' . U.S. Census Bureau , American Factfinder . Retrieved June 26 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.keystoneheights.info/History.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` US Gazetteer files : 2010 , 2000 , and 1990 '' . United States Census Bureau . 2011 - 02 - 12 . Retrieved 2011 - 04 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Census of Population and Housing '' . Census.gov . Archived from the original on May 12 , 2015 . Retrieved June 4 , 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> City of Keystone Heights </Li> <Li> Keystone Heights Airport </Li> <Li> Keystone Heights History & Demographics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Municipalities and communities of Clay County , Florida , United States </Th>

The population of Keystone Heights, Florida is

What is the population of keystone heights florida?

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List of cities and towns in Georgia ( country ) - wikipedia <H1> List of cities and towns in Georgia ( country ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Cities and towns in Georgia Cities and towns in Georgia by population size <P> The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists for Georgia itself , and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia . Although not recognized by most countries , Abkhazia and South Ossetia are de facto independent since , respectively , 1992 and 1991 and occupied by Russia since 2008 Russo - Georgian War . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Cities and towns in Georgia </Li> <Li> 2 Cities and towns in Abkhazia </Li> <Li> 3 Cities and towns in South Ossetia </Li> <Li> 4 Future cities and towns </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Cities and towns in Georgia ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of the cities and towns ( Georgian : ქალაქი , k'alak'i ) in Georgia , according to the 2014 census data of the Department of Statistics of Georgia . The list does not include the smaller urban - type settlements categorized in Georgia as daba ( დაბა ) . The list also does not include cities and towns in the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Name in Georgian </Th> <Th> Population 1989 </Th> <Th> Population 2002 </Th> <Th> Population 2014 </Th> <Th> Administrative Region </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> Tbilisi </Td> <Td> თბილისი </Td> <Td> 1,243,200 </Td> <Td> 1,073,300 </Td> <Td> 1,108,717 </Td> <Td> Tbilisi ( capital region ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> Batumi </Td> <Td> ბათუმი </Td> <Td> 136,900 </Td> <Td> 121,800 </Td> <Td> 152,839 </Td> <Td> Adjara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> Kutaisi </Td> <Td> ქუთაისი </Td> <Td> 232,500 </Td> <Td> 186,000 </Td> <Td> 147,635 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> Rustavi </Td> <Td> რუსთავი </Td> <Td> 159,000 </Td> <Td> 116,400 </Td> <Td> 125,103 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> Gori </Td> <Td> გორი </Td> <Td> 67,800 </Td> <Td> 49,500 </Td> <Td> 48,143 </Td> <Td> Shida Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> Zugdidi </Td> <Td> ზუგდიდი </Td> <Td> 49,600 </Td> <Td> 68,900 </Td> <Td> 42,998 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> Poti </Td> <Td> ფოთი </Td> <Td> 50,600 </Td> <Td> 47,100 </Td> <Td> 41,465 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> Khashuri </Td> <Td> ხაშური </Td> <Td> 31,700 </Td> <Td> 28,600 </Td> <Td> 26,135 </Td> <Td> Shida Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> Samtredia </Td> <Td> სამტრედია </Td> <Td> 34,300 </Td> <Td> 29,800 </Td> <Td> 25,318 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> Senaki </Td> <Td> სენაკი </Td> <Td> 28,900 </Td> <Td> 28,100 </Td> <Td> 21,596 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> Zestafoni </Td> <Td> ზესტაფონი </Td> <Td> 25,900 </Td> <Td> 24,200 </Td> <Td> 20,814 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> Marneuli </Td> <Td> მარნეული </Td> <Td> 27,100 </Td> <Td> 20,100 </Td> <Td> 20,211 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> Telavi </Td> <Td> თელავი </Td> <Td> 27,800 </Td> <Td> 21,800 </Td> <Td> 19,629 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> Akhaltsikhe </Td> <Td> ახალციხე </Td> <Td> 24,700 </Td> <Td> 18,500 </Td> <Td> 17,903 </Td> <Td> Samtskhe - Javakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> Kobuleti </Td> <Td> ქობულეთი </Td> <Td> 20,600 </Td> <Td> 18,600 </Td> <Td> 16,546 </Td> <Td> Adjara </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> Ozurgeti </Td> <Td> ოზურგეთი </Td> <Td> 23,300 </Td> <Td> 18,700 </Td> <Td> 14,785 </Td> <Td> Guria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> Kaspi </Td> <Td> კასპი </Td> <Td> 17,100 </Td> <Td> 15,200 </Td> <Td> 13,423 </Td> <Td> Shida Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 . </Td> <Td> Chiatura </Td> <Td> ჭიათურა </Td> <Td> 28,900 </Td> <Td> 13,800 </Td> <Td> 12,803 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 . </Td> <Td> Tsqaltubo </Td> <Td> წყალტუბო </Td> <Td> 17,400 </Td> <Td> 16,800 </Td> <Td> 11,281 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 . </Td> <Td> Sagarejo </Td> <Td> საგარეჯო </Td> <Td> 14,400 </Td> <Td> 12,600 </Td> <Td> 10,871 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 . </Td> <Td> Gardabani </Td> <Td> გარდაბანი </Td> <Td> 17,000 </Td> <Td> 11,900 </Td> <Td> 10,753 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 . </Td> <Td> Borjomi </Td> <Td> ბორჯომი </Td> <Td> 17,800 </Td> <Td> 14,400 </Td> <Td> 10,546 </Td> <Td> Samtskhe - Javakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 . </Td> <Td> Tqibuli </Td> <Td> ტყიბული </Td> <Td> 22,000 </Td> <Td> 14,500 </Td> <Td> 9,770 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 . </Td> <Td> Khoni </Td> <Td> ხონი </Td> <Td> 14,300 </Td> <Td> 11,300 </Td> <Td> 8,987 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 . </Td> <Td> Bolnisi </Td> <Td> ბოლნისი </Td> <Td> 14,900 </Td> <Td> 9,900 </Td> <Td> 8,967 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 . </Td> <Td> Akhalkalaki </Td> <Td> ახალქალაქი </Td> <Td> 15,200 </Td> <Td> 9,800 </Td> <Td> 8,295 </Td> <Td> Samtskhe - Javakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 . </Td> <Td> Gurjaani </Td> <Td> გურჯაანი </Td> <Td> 12,600 </Td> <Td> 10,000 </Td> <Td> 8,024 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 . </Td> <Td> Mtskheta </Td> <Td> მცხეთა </Td> <Td> 8,900 </Td> <Td> 7,700 </Td> <Td> 7,940 </Td> <Td> Mtskheta - Mtianeti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 . </Td> <Td> Qvareli </Td> <Td> ყვარელი </Td> <Td> 11,300 </Td> <Td> 9,000 </Td> <Td> 7,739 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 . </Td> <Td> Akhmeta </Td> <Td> ახმეტა </Td> <Td> 8,900 </Td> <Td> 8,600 </Td> <Td> 7,105 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 . </Td> <Td> Kareli </Td> <Td> ქარელი </Td> <Td> 8,300 </Td> <Td> 7,200 </Td> <Td> 6,654 </Td> <Td> Shida Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 . </Td> <Td> Lanchkhuti </Td> <Td> ლანჩხუთი </Td> <Td> 9,000 </Td> <Td> 7,900 </Td> <Td> 6,395 </Td> <Td> Guria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 . </Td> <Td> Tsalenjikha </Td> <Td> წალენჯიხა </Td> <Td> 9,300 </Td> <Td> 9,000 </Td> <Td> 6,388 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 . </Td> <Td> Dusheti </Td> <Td> დუშეთი </Td> <Td> 8,500 </Td> <Td> 7,300 </Td> <Td> 6,167 </Td> <Td> Mtskheta - Mtianeti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 . </Td> <Td> Sachkhere </Td> <Td> საჩხერე </Td> <Td> 7,800 </Td> <Td> 6,700 </Td> <Td> 6,140 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 . </Td> <Td> Dedoplistsqaro </Td> <Td> დედოფლისწყარო </Td> <Td> 10,100 </Td> <Td> 7,700 </Td> <Td> 5,940 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 37 . </Td> <Td> Lagodekhi </Td> <Td> ლაგოდეხი </Td> <Td> 9,000 </Td> <Td> 6,900 </Td> <Td> 5,918 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 38 . </Td> <Td> Ninotsminda </Td> <Td> ნინოწმინდა </Td> <Td> 6,900 </Td> <Td> 6,300 </Td> <Td> 5,144 </Td> <Td> Samtskhe - Javakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 39 . </Td> <Td> Abasha </Td> <Td> აბაშა </Td> <Td> 7,200 </Td> <Td> 6,400 </Td> <Td> 4,941 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 40 . </Td> <Td> Tsnori </Td> <Td> წნორი </Td> <Td> 2,900 </Td> <Td> 6,100 </Td> <Td> 4,815 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 41 . </Td> <Td> Terjola </Td> <Td> თერჯოლა </Td> <Td> 6,300 </Td> <Td> 5,500 </Td> <Td> 4,644 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 42 . </Td> <Td> Martvili </Td> <Td> მარტვილი </Td> <Td> 6,000 </Td> <Td> 5,600 </Td> <Td> 4,425 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 43 . </Td> <Td> Jvari </Td> <Td> ჯვარი </Td> <Td> 5,100 </Td> <Td> 4,800 </Td> <Td> 4,361 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 44 . </Td> <Td> Khobi </Td> <Td> ხობი </Td> <Td> 6,600 </Td> <Td> 5,600 </Td> <Td> 4,242 </Td> <Td> Samegrelo - Zemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 45 . </Td> <Td> Vani </Td> <Td> ვანი </Td> <Td> 6,400 </Td> <Td> 4,600 </Td> <Td> 3,744 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 46 . </Td> <Td> Baghdati </Td> <Td> ბაღდათი </Td> <Td> 5,500 </Td> <Td> 4,700 </Td> <Td> 3,707 </Td> <Td> Imereti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 47 . </Td> <Td> Vale </Td> <Td> ვალე </Td> <Td> 6,300 </Td> <Td> 5,000 </Td> <Td> 3,646 </Td> <Td> Samtskhe - Javakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 48 . </Td> <Td> Tetritsqaro </Td> <Td> თეთრი წყარო </Td> <Td> 8,600 </Td> <Td> 4,000 </Td> <Td> 3,093 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 49 . </Td> <Td> Tsalka </Td> <Td> წალკა </Td> <Td> 8,000 </Td> <Td> 1,700 </Td> <Td> 2,874 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 50 . </Td> <Td> Dmanisi </Td> <Td> დმანისი </Td> <Td> 8,600 </Td> <Td> 3,400 </Td> <Td> 2,661 </Td> <Td> Kvemo Kartli </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 51 . </Td> <Td> Oni </Td> <Td> ონი </Td> <Td> 5,500 </Td> <Td> 3,300 </Td> <Td> 2,656 </Td> <Td> Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 52 . </Td> <Td> Ambrolauri </Td> <Td> ამბროლაური </Td> <Td> 2,900 </Td> <Td> 2,500 </Td> <Td> 2,047 </Td> <Td> Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 53 . </Td> <Td> Sighnaghi </Td> <Td> სიღნაღი </Td> <Td> 3,100 </Td> <Td> 2,100 </Td> <Td> 1,485 </Td> <Td> Kakheti </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 54 . </Td> <Td> Tsageri </Td> <Td> ცაგერი </Td> <Td> 1,400 </Td> <Td> 2,000 </Td> <Td> 1,320 </Td> <Td> Racha - Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> <P> Tbilisi , Capital of Georgia </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Batumi </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cities and towns in Abkhazia ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia . Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia , data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Name in Georgian </Th> <Th> Name in Abkhaz </Th> <Th> Population 1989 </Th> <Th> Population 2010 </Th> <Th> Administrative Region </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> Sukhumi </Td> <Td> სოხუმი </Td> <Td> Аҟәа </Td> <Td> 119,200 </Td> <Td> 39,100 </Td> <Td> Sukhumi District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> Tkvarcheli </Td> <Td> ტყვარჩელი </Td> <Td> Тҟәарчал </Td> <Td> 21,700 </Td> <Td> 16,800 </Td> <Td> Ochamchire District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> Ochamchire </Td> <Td> ოჩამჩირე </Td> <Td> Очамчыра </Td> <Td> 20,100 </Td> <Td> 14,300 </Td> <Td> Ochamchire District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> Gali </Td> <Td> გალი </Td> <Td> Гал </Td> <Td> 15,800 </Td> <Td> 10,800 </Td> <Td> Gali District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> Gudauta </Td> <Td> გუდაუთა </Td> <Td> Гәдоуҭа </Td> <Td> 14,900 </Td> <Td> 10,800 </Td> <Td> Gudauta District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> Pitsunda </Td> <Td> ბიჭვინთა </Td> <Td> Пиҵунда </Td> <Td> 11,000 </Td> <Td> 8,500 </Td> <Td> Gagra District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> Gulripshi </Td> <Td> გულრიფში </Td> <Td> Гәылрыҧшь </Td> <Td> 11,800 </Td> <Td> 8,200 </Td> <Td> Gulripshi District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> Gagra </Td> <Td> გაგრა </Td> <Td> Гагра </Td> <Td> 24,000 </Td> <Td> 7,700 </Td> <Td> Gagra District </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> New Athos </Td> <Td> ახალი ათონი </Td> <Td> Афон Ҿыц </Td> <Td> 3,200 </Td> <Td> 3,700 </Td> <Td> Gudauta District </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cities and towns in South Ossetia ( edit ) </H2> <P> This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia . Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia , data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Name in Georgian </Th> <Th> Name in Ossetian </Th> <Th> Population 1989 </Th> <Th> Population 2010 </Th> <Th>

The capital of Georgia, the former Soviet republic, is

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- ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Smooth Hand '' by Heavy Young Heathens </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 62 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 60 minutes ( including commercials ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Lighthearted Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Viacom Media Networks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> MTV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 1080i ( 16 : 9 HDTV ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 21 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 21 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Are You the One ? , sometimes abbreviated as AYTO ? , is an American reality television series on MTV , in which young singles try to find love . A group of men and women are secretly paired into male - female couples by producers , via a matchmaking algorithm . Then , while living together , the contestants try to identify all of these `` perfect matches . '' If they succeed , the entire group shares a prize of up to $1 million . Over the course of each season , the contestants have the opportunity to pair up in different combinations to compete against each other to win dates , as well as the opportunity to learn in the `` truth booth '' if a given couple is a correct match . At the end of each episode , the contestants pair up in a `` matching ceremony '' and learn how many perfect matches they have , but not which matches are correct . From season 3 onward , the prize was reduced any time that the house failed to identify any matches other than those already confirmed via the truth booth . </P> <P> On March 22 , 2017 , spin - off Are You The One : Second Chances premiered. 10 perfect matches from previous seasons returned to compete in tasks designed to test the strength of their bonds . Each week , teams could add to their potential winnings , but individual contestants had the opportunity to take their team 's winnings from their partner and remove their team from the game . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 2 Season 1 -- Kauai , Hawaii <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Progress </Li> <Li> 2.2 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 2.3 MTV.com Clue </Li> <Li> 2.4 After Filming </Li> <Li> 2.5 Baby Special and Reunion </Li> <Li> 2.6 The Challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Season 2 -- San Juan , Puerto Rico <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 3.2 Progress </Li> <Li> 3.3 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 3.4 After Filming </Li> <Li> 3.5 The Challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Season 3 -- Kona , Hawaii <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 4.2 Progress </Li> <Li> 4.3 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 4.4 After Filming </Li> <Li> 4.5 The Challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Season 4 -- Maui , Hawaii <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 5.2 Progress </Li> <Li> 5.3 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 5.4 After Filming </Li> <Li> 5.5 The Challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Season 5 -- Cabarete , Dominican Republic <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 6.2 Progress </Li> <Li> 6.3 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 6.4 After Filming </Li> <Li> 6.5 The Challenge </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Season 6 -- New Orleans , Louisiana <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 7.2 Progress </Li> <Li> 7.3 Truth Booths </Li> <Li> 7.4 After Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Season 7 </Li> <Li> 9 Spinoffs <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Second Chances </Li> <Li> 9.2 Cast </Li> <Li> 9.3 Elimination progress </Li> <Li> 9.4 Bank Accounts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Notes </Li> <Li> 11 Episodes </Li> <Li> 12 International versions </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> <Th> Number of cast members </Th> <Th> All Perfect Matches Found ? </Th> <Th> Total Money Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season premiere </Th> <Th> Season finale </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> January 21 , 2014 ( 2014 - 01 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> March 25 , 2014 ( 2014 - 03 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> $1,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> October 6 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> December 8 , 2014 ( 2014 - 12 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> $1,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> September 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> November 18 , 2015 ( 2015 - 11 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> $750,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> June 13 , 2016 ( 2016 - 06 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> August 15 , 2016 ( 2016 - 08 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> $750,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> January 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> March 15 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> September 20 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> December 6 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Y </Td> <Td> $1,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 2018 ( 2018 ) </Td> <Td> 2018 ( 2018 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Season 1 -- kauai , Hawaii ( edit ) </H2> <P> Filmed in Hawaii </P> <P> Season one premiered on January 21 , 2014 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> Guys <Tr> <Th> Cast Member </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Hometown </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adam Kuhn </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Sterling , Virginia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Andrean `` Dre '' McCoy </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris `` Scali '' Scali </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Brooklyn , New York </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Tolleson </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Virginia Beach </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dillan Ostrom </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Finley , North Dakota </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethan Diamond </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Denver , Colorado </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey Dillon </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John `` JJ '' Jacobs </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Washington , DC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ryan Malaty </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Greeley , Colorado </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wesley `` Wes '' Buckles </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> Phoenix , Arizona </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> Girls <Tr> <Th> Cast Member </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Hometown </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amber Lee </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Austin , Texas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ashleigh Feaster </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Akron , Ohio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brittany Baldassari </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Boston , Massachusetts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coleysia Chestnut </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Selma , Alabama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jacinda `` Jacy '' Rodriguez </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Carolina , Puerto Rico </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jessica Perez </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Miami , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kayla Lusby </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Greenfield , Tennessee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paige Brendel </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Phoenix , Arizona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shanley McIntee </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Indianapolis , Indiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Simone Kelly </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Progress ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Guys </Th> <Th colspan="14"> Episode </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 / 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adam </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris S . </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris T . </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dre </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> Paige </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Shanley </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Simone </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wes </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> <Td> Kayla </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Correct Matches </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Girls </Th> <Th colspan="14"> Episode </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 5 </Th> <Th> 6 / 7 </Th> <Th> 8 </Th> <Th> 9 </Th> <Th> 10 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Adam </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> <Td> Ethan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ashleigh </Td> <Td> Chris S . </Td> <Td> Dre </Td> <Td> Dre </Td> <Td> Chris T . </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Adam </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Chris S . </Td> <Td> John </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brittany </Td> <Td> Adam </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> Adam </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Dre </Td> <Td> Chris S . </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coleysia </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Wes </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jacy </Td> <Td> Dre </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Wes </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Chris S . </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Chris S . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jessica </Td> <Td> Chris T . </Td> <Td> Dillan </Td> <Td> John </Td> <Td> Wes </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Joey </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td> <Td> Ryan </Td>

The new season of "Are You the One" premieres in

When does the new season of are you the one come on?

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I Dig rock and Roll Music - Wikipedia <H1> I Dig rock and Roll Music </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Peter , Paul and Mary </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Album 1700 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Great Mandella ( The Wheel of Life ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Folk rock </Li> <Li> psychedelic folk </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Paul Stookey </Li> <Li> James Mason </Li> <Li> Dave Dixon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Albert Grossman </Li> <Li> Milt Okun </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Peter , Paul and Mary singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` For Baby ( For Bobbie ) '' ( 1966 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Much of Nothing '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` For Baby ( For Bobbie ) '' ( 1966 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' ( 1967 ) </Td> <Td> `` Too Much of Nothing '' ( 1967 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' is a 1967 song by the American folk group Peter , Paul and Mary , written by Paul Stookey , James Mason and Dave Dixon . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Credited to Stookey - Mason - Dixon , the song 's lyrics reference contemporary rock artists including the Mamas & the Papas , Donovan , and the Beatles . The song parodies and satirizes the vocal style of the Mamas & the Papas in the first verse , Donovan in the second verse and the Beatles in the third verse . Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic commented that the song `` simply celebrates the simple joy of pop music at the time . '' The song was a hit single for the group and reached number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 . </P> <P> In an interview with the Chicago Daily News in 1966 , a year before the song 's release , Mary Travers had expressed contempt for the emergence of the folk rock genre , `` it 's so badly written ... When the fad changed from folk to rock , they did n't take along any good writers . '' </P> <P> The line about Donovan and `` his crystal images '' refers to the mention of `` crystal spectacles '' in `` Epistle to Dippy '' . The song is also noted for its psychedelic feedback effects , miming the volume swell on the electric guitar from Donovan 's 1966 song `` Sunshine Superman '' . The backing vocal effect in the verse , parodying the Beatles , reflects `` Yellow Submarine '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ John Shepherd ( 8 July 2003 ) . Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World : VolumeII : Performance and Production . A&C Black . p. 212 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8264 - 6322 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rock Eras : Interpretations of Music and Society , 1954 - 1984 . Popular Press . 1987 . p. 198 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 87972 - 369 - 9 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Greenwald , Matthew . Song Review by Matthew Greenwald at AllMusic . Retrieved February 27 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ David F. Lonergan ( 2005 ) . Hit Records , 1950 - 1975 . Scarecrow Press . p. 90 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8108 - 5129 - 0 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Obituary : Mary Travers , 72 ; Member of Folk Group Peter , Paul and Mary '' . The Washington Post . September 17 , 2009 . Retrieved February 27 , 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Peter , Paul and Mary </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Peter Yarrow </Li> <Li> Paul Stookey </Li> <Li> Mary Travers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Peter , Paul and Mary </Li> <Li> Moving </Li> <Li> In the Wind </Li> <Li> A Song Will Rise </Li> <Li> See What Tomorrow Brings </Li> <Li> The Peter , Paul and Mary Album </Li> <Li> Album 1700 </Li> <Li> Late Again </Li> <Li> Peter , Paul and Mommy </Li> <Li> No Easy Walk to Freedom </Li> <Li> In These Times </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Best of Peter , Paul and Mary : Ten Years Together </Li> <Li> Songs of Conscience and Concern </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> In Concert </Li> <Li> Peter , Paul & Mommy , Too </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Lemon Tree '' </Li> <Li> `` If I Had a Hammer '' </Li> <Li> `` Puff , the Magic Dragon '' </Li> <Li> `` 500 Miles '' </Li> <Li> `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' </Li> <Li> `` Stewball '' </Li> <Li> `` Tell It on the Mountain '' </Li> <Li> `` The Times They Are a-Changin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` When the Ship Comes In '' </Li> <Li> `` San Francisco Bay Blues '' </Li> <Li> `` Early Morning Rain '' </Li> <Li> `` I Dig Rock and Roll Music '' </Li> <Li> `` Too Much of Nothing '' </Li> <Li> `` Day Is Done '' </Li> <Li> `` Leaving on a Jet Plane '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? '' </Li> <Li> `` And When I Die '' </Li> <Li> `` El Salvador '' </Li> <Li> `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' </Li> <Li> `` This Land Is Your Land '' </Li> <Li> `` Light One Candle '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Dig_Rock_and_Roll_Music&oldid=822138851 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1967 singles </Li> <Li> Peter , Paul and Mary songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Paul Stookey </Li> <Li> 1967 songs </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Records singles </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Milt Okun </Li> <Li> Songs about music </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles needing clarification </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2018 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 January 2018 , at 16 : 43 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "I Dig Rock and Roll Music" was sung by

Who sang i dig rock and roll music?

3850794377286458896

Victim blaming - wikipedia <H1> Victim blaming </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them . The study of victimology seeks to mitigate the perception of victims as responsible . There is a greater tendency to blame victims of rape than victims of robbery if victims and perpetrators know each other . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Coining of the phrase </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Secondary victimization of sexual assault victims <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ideal victim </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Global situation </Li> <Li> 5 Opposing views </Li> <Li> 6 Examples </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Coining of the phrase ( edit ) </H2> <P> Psychologist William Ryan coined the phrase `` blaming the victim '' in his 1971 book Blaming the Victim . In the book , Ryan described victim blaming as an ideology used to justify racism and social injustice against black people in the United States . Ryan wrote the book to refute Daniel Patrick Moynihan 's 1965 work The Negro Family : The Case for National Action ( usually simply referred to as the Moynihan Report ) . </P> <P> Moynihan had concluded that three centuries of oppression of black people , and in particular with what he calls the uniquely cruel structure of American slavery as opposed to its Latin American counterparts , had created a long series of chaotic disruptions within the black family structure which , at the time of the report , manifested itself in high rates of unwed births , absent fathers , and single mother households in black families . Moynihan then correlated these familial outcomes , which he considered undesirable , to the relatively poorer rates of employment , educational achievement , and financial success found among the black population . Moynihan advocated the implementation of government programs designed to strengthen the black nuclear family . </P> <P> Ryan objected that Moynihan then located the proximate cause of the plight of black Americans in the prevalence of a family structure in which the father was often sporadically , if at all , present , and the mother was often dependent on government aid to feed , clothe , and provide medical care for her children . Ryan 's critique cast the Moynihan theories as attempts to divert responsibility for poverty from social structural factors to the behaviors and cultural patterns of the poor . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Although Ryan popularized the phrase , other scholars had identified the phenomenon of victim blaming . In 1947 Theodor W. Adorno defined what would be later called `` blaming the victim , '' as `` one of the most sinister features of the Fascist character '' . Shortly thereafter Adorno and three other professors at the University of California , Berkeley formulated their influential and highly debated F - scale ( F for fascist ) , published in The Authoritarian Personality ( 1950 ) , which included among the fascist traits of the scale the `` contempt for everything discriminated against or weak . '' A typical expression of victim blaming is the `` asking for it '' idiom , e.g. `` she was asking for it '' said of a victim of violence or sexual assault . </P> <H2> Secondary victimization of sexual assault victims ( edit ) </H2> Hundreds gathered at the Alberta Legislature grounds in Edmonton to protest against victim blaming See also : Slut shaming <P> Secondary victimization is the re-traumatization of the sexual assault , abuse , or rape victim through the responses of individuals and institutions . Types of secondary victimization include victim blaming , disbelieving the victim 's story , minimizing the severity of the attack , and inappropriate post-assault treatment by medical personnel or other organizations . Secondary victimization is especially common in cases of drug - facilitated , acquaintance , military sexual trauma and statutory rape . </P> <P> Sexual assault victims experience stigmatization based on rape myths . A female rape victim is especially stigmatized in patrilineal cultures with strong customs and taboos regarding sex and sexuality . For example , a society may view a female rape victim ( especially one who was previously a virgin ) as `` damaged '' . Victims in these cultures may suffer isolation , physical and psychological abuse , slut - shaming , public humiliation rituals , be disowned by friends and family , be prohibited from marrying , be divorced if already married , or even be killed . However , even in many developed countries , including some sectors of United States society , misogyny remains culturally ingrained . </P> <P> One example of a sexist allegation against female victims of sexual assault is that wearing provocative clothing stimulates sexual aggression in men who believe that women wearing body - revealing clothes are actively trying to seduce a sexual partner . Such accusations against victims stem from the assumption that sexually revealing clothing conveys consent for sexual actions , irrespective of willful verbal consent . Research has yet to prove that attire is a significant causal factor in determining who is assaulted . </P> <P> Victim blaming is also exemplified when a victim of sexual assault is found at fault for performing actions which reduce their ability to resist or refuse consent , such as consuming alcohol . Victim advocacy groups and medical professionals are educating young adults on the definition of consent , and the importance of refraining from victim blaming . Most institutions have adopted the concept of affirmative consent and that refraining from sexual activity while under the influence is the safest choice . </P> <P> In efforts to discredit alleged sexual assault victims in court , a defense attorney may delve into an accuser 's personal history , a common practice that also has the purposeful effect of making the victim so uncomfortable they choose not to proceed . This attack on character , especially one pointing out promiscuity , makes the argument that women who lead `` high risk '' lifestyles ( promiscuity , drug use ) are not real victims of rape . </P> <P> Findings on Rape Myth Acceptance have supported feminist claims that sexism is at the root of female rape victim blaming . </P> <P> A 2009 study in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence of male victims of sexual assault concludes that male rape victim blaming is usually done so because of social constructs of masculinity . The article quotes `` A man who fails to physically overcome his attacker is likewise seen as contributing to his own victimization ; he must have secretly wanted it . '' Some effects of these kind of rape cases include a loss of masculinity , confusion about their sexual orientation , and a sense of failure in behaving as men should . </P> <P> Victims of an unwanted sexual encounter usually develop psychological problems such as depression or sexual violence specific PTSD known as rape trauma syndrome . </P> <H3> Ideal victim ( edit ) </H3> <P> An ideal victim is one who is afforded the status of victimhood due to unavoidable circumstances that put the individual at a disadvantage . One can apply this theory to any crime including and especially sexual assault . Nils Christie , a Norwegian criminology professor , has been theorizing about the concept of the ideal victim since the 1980s . In his research he gives two examples , one of an old woman who is attacked on her way home from visiting her family and the other of a man who is attacked at a bar by someone he knew . He describes the old woman as an ideal victim because she could not avoid being in the location that she was , she did not know her attacker , and she could not fight off her attacker . The man , however , could have avoided being at a bar , knew his attacker , and should have been able to fight off his attacker , being younger and a man . </P> <P> When applying the ideal victim theory to sexual assault victims , often judicial proceedings define an ideal victim as one who resists their attacker and exercises caution in risky situations , despite law reforms to extinguish these fallacious requirements . When victims are not ideal they are at risk for being blamed for their attack because they are not considered real victims of rape . Because they do not fit the criteria being laid out in the rape law , they can not be considered real victims and thereby their attacker will not be prosecuted . </P> <P> A victim who is not considered an ideal , or real victim , is one who leads a `` high risk '' lifestyle , partaking in drugs or alcohol , or is perceived as promiscuous . A victim who intimately knows their attacker is also not considered an ideal victim . Examples of a sexual assault victim who is not ideal is a prostitute because they lead a high risk lifestyle . The perception is that these behaviors discount the credibility of a sexual assault victim 's claim or that the behaviors and associations create the mistaken assumption of consent . Some of or all of the blame of the assault is then placed on these victims , and so they are not worthy of having their case presented in court . These perceptions persist in court rulings despite a shift in laws favoring affirmative consent - meaning that the participants in a sexual activity give a verbal affirmation rather than one participant who does n't answer negatively nor do they answer positively . In other words , affirmative consent is yes means yes and no means no . </P> <P> In addition to an ideal victim , there must be an ideal perpetrator for a crime to be considered ideal . The ideal attacker does not know their victim and is a completely non-sympathetic figure - one who is considered sub-human , an individual lacking morals . An attacker that knows their victim is not considered an ideal attacker , nor is someone who seems morally ordinary . Cases of intimate partner violence are not considered ideal because the victim knows their attacker . Husbands and wives are not ideal victims or perpetrators because they are intimately familiar with each other . </P> <H2> Global situation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many different cultures across the globe have formulated different degrees of victim blaming for different scenarios such as rape , hate crimes , and domestic abuse . Victim blaming is common around the world , especially in cultures where it is socially acceptable and advised to treat certain groups of people as lesser . For example , in Somalia victims of sexual abuse consistently endure social ostracization and harassment . One specific example is the kidnapping and rape of 14 - year old Fatima : when the police arrived , both Fatima and her rapist were arrested . While they did not detain the offender for long , the officers held Fatima captive for a month and a prison guard continually raped her during that time . </P> <P> In February 2016 , the organisations International Alert and UNICEF published a study revealing that girls and women released from captivity by Nigeria 's insurgency group Boko Haram often face rejection by their communities and families . Their children born of sexual violence faced even more discrimination . </P> <P> Acid attacks on South Asian women , when people throw acid on women in an attempt to punish them for their perceived wrongdoings , are another example of victim - blaming . For instance , in New Delhi in 2005 , a group of men threw acid on a 16 - year - old girl because they believed she provoked

The statement "the victim was asking for it" is an example of

The victim was asking for it is an example of a?

-2380769225463379264

Camel - wikipedia <H1> Camel </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Camel ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Camel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Arabian camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Animalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phylum : </Td> <Td> Chordata </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class : </Td> <Td> Mammalia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Artiodactyla </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Camelidae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tribe : </Td> <Td> Camelini </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Camelus Linnaeus , 1758 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Species </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camelus ferus † Camelus gigas ( fossil ) † Camelus moreli ( fossil ) † Camelus sivalensis ( fossil ) </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Synonyms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Camellus Molina , 1782 </Li> <Li> Dromedarius Gloger , 1841 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A camel is an even - toed ungulate in the genus Camelus , bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as `` humps '' on its back . The three surviving species of camel are the dromedary , or one - humped camel ( C. dromedarius ) , which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa ; the Bactrian , or two - humped camel ( C. bactrianus ) , which inhabits Central Asia ; and the critically endangered wild Bactrian camel ( C. ferus ) that has limited populations in remote areas of northwest China and Mongolia . Bactrian camels take their name from the historical Bactria region of Central Asia . Additionally one other species of camel in the separate genus Camelops , C. hesternus lived in western North America and became extinct when humans entered the continent at the end of the Pleistocene . Both the dromedary and the Bactrian camels have been domesticated ; they provide milk , meat , hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches , and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads . </P> <P> The term camel is derived via Latin and Greek ( Latin : camelus and Greek : κάμηλος kamēlos respectively ) from Hebrew or Phoenician gāmāl . </P> <P> Most of the world 's camels are dromedaries ( 94 % ) while Bactrian camels and wild Bactrian camels make up only 6 % of the total camel population . `` Camel '' may also be used more broadly to describe any of the seven camel - like mammals in the family Camelidae : the three true camels and the four New World camelids ( the llama , alpaca , guanaco , and vicuña ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Biology <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Ecological and behavioral adaptations </Li> <Li> 1.2 Genetics </Li> <Li> 1.3 Evolution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Domestication <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Textiles </Li> <Li> 2.2 Military uses <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 19th and 20th centuries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Food uses <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Dairy </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Meat </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Religion <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Islam </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Judaism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 Depictions in culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Distribution and numbers </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Further reading </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Biology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years . A full - grown adult camel stands 1.85 m ( 6 ft 1 in ) at the shoulder and 2.15 m ( 7 ft 1 in ) at the hump . Camels can run at up to 65 km / h ( 40 mph ) in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40 km / h ( 25 mph ) . Bactrian camels weigh 300 to 1,000 kg ( 660 to 2,200 lb ) and dromedaries 300 to 600 kg ( 660 to 1,320 lb ) . The widening toes on a camel 's hoof provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments . </P> <P> The male dromedary camel has an organ called a dulla in its throat , a large , inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females . It resembles a long , swollen , pink tongue hanging out of the side of its mouth . Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground , with the male mounting from behind . The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session . Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position . </P> <H3> Ecological and behavioral adaptations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Camels do not directly store water in their humps as was once commonly believed . The humps are reservoirs of fatty tissue : concentrating body fat in their humps minimizes the insulating effect fat would have if distributed over the rest of their bodies , helping camels survive in hot climates . When this tissue is metabolized , it yields more than one gram of water for every gram of fat processed . This fat metabolization , while releasing energy , causes water to evaporate from the lungs during respiration ( as oxygen is required for the metabolic process ) : overall , there is a net decrease in water . </P> A camel 's thick coat is one of its many adaptations that aid it in desert - like conditions . Somalia has the world 's largest population of camels . <P> Camels have a series of physiological adaptations that allow them to withstand long periods of time without any external source of water . The dromedary camel can drink as seldom as once every 10 days even under very hot conditions , and can lose up to 30 % of its body mass due to dehydration . Unlike other mammals , camels ' red blood cells are oval rather than circular in shape . This facilitates the flow of red blood cells during dehydration and makes them better at withstanding high osmotic variation without rupturing when drinking large amounts of water : a 600 kg ( 1,300 lb ) camel can drink 200 L ( 53 US gal ) of water in three minutes . </P> <P> Camels are able to withstand changes in body temperature and water consumption that would kill most other animals . Their temperature ranges from 34 ° C ( 93 ° F ) at dawn and steadily increases to 40 ° C ( 104 ° F ) by sunset , before they cool off at night again . In general , to compare between camels and the other livestock , camels lose only 1.3 liters of fluid intake every day while the other livestock lose 20 to 40 liters per day ( Breulmann , et al. , 2007 ) Maintaining the brain temperature within certain limits is critical for animals ; to assist this , camels have a rete mirabile , a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other which utilizes countercurrent blood flow to cool blood flowing to the brain . Camels rarely sweat , even when ambient temperatures reach 49 ° C ( 120 ° F ) . Any sweat that does occur evaporates at the skin level rather than at the surface of their coat ; the heat of vaporization therefore comes from body heat rather than ambient heat . Camels can withstand losing 25 % of their body weight to sweating , whereas most other mammals can withstand only about 12 -- 14 % dehydration before cardiac failure results from circulatory disturbance . </P> <P> When the camel exhales , water vapor becomes trapped in their nostrils and is reabsorbed into the body as a means to conserve water . Camels eating green herbage can ingest sufficient moisture in milder conditions to maintain their bodies ' hydrated state without the need for drinking . </P> Domesticated camel calves lying in sternal recumbency , a position that aids heat loss <P> The camels ' thick coats insulate them from the intense heat radiated from desert sand ; a shorn camel must sweat 50 % more to avoid overheating . During the summer the coat becomes lighter in color , reflecting light as well as helping avoid sunburn . The camel 's long legs help by keeping its body farther from the ground , which can heat up to 70 ° C ( 158 ° F ) . Dromedaries have a pad of thick tissue over the sternum called the pedestal . When the animal lies down in a sternal recumbent position , the pedestal raises the body from the hot surface and allows cooling air to pass under the body . </P> <P> Camels ' mouths have a thick leathery lining , allowing them to chew thorny desert plants . Long eyelashes and ear hairs , together with nostrils that can close , form a barrier against sand . If sand gets lodged in their eyes , they can dislodge it using their transparent third eyelid . The camels ' gait and widened feet help them move without sinking into the sand . </P> <P> The kidneys and intestines of a camel are very efficient at reabsorbing water . Camels ' kidneys have a 1 : 4 cortex to medulla ratio . Thus medullary part of camel 's kidneys occupy twice as much area as a cow 's kidney . Secondly , renal corpuscles have a smaller diameter , which reduces surface area for filtration . These two major anatomical characteristics enable camel to conserve water and limit the volume of urine in extreme desert conditions . Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup , and camel feces are so dry that they do not require drying when the Bedouins use them to fuel fires . The camels are able to live in difficult conditions without drinking water due to their ability to produce small and pretty dry droppings as well as they use the water to maintain their body 's temperature to fit with the region surrounding them ( Breulmann , et al. , 2007 ) . </P> <P> The camel immune system differs from those of other mammals . Normally , the Y - shaped antibody molecules consist of two heavy ( or long ) chains along the length of the Y , and two light ( or short ) chains at each tip of the Y . Camels , in addition to these , also have antibodies made of only two heavy chains , a trait that makes them smaller and more durable . These `` heavy - chain - only '' antibodies , discovered in 1993 , are thought to have developed 50 million years ago , after camelids split from ruminants and pigs . </P> <H3> Genetics ( edit ) </H3> Domesticated camels at the Pyramids of Giza , Egypt <P> The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups , but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached . A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes , building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes ( 2n = 74 ) , and found that the karyotime consisted of one metacentric , three submetacentric , and 32 acrocentric autosomes . The Y is a small metacentric chromosome , while the X is a large metacentric chromosome . </P> The skull of an F1 hybrid camel . On display at the Museum of Osteology , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . <P> The hybrid camel , a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels , has one hump , though it has an indentation 4 -- 12 cm ( 1.6 -- 4.7 in ) deep that divides the front from the back

A camel with 2 humps is called a

What is the name of a camel with 2 humps?

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Detroit Tigers - wikipedia <H1> Detroit Tigers </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Detroit Tigers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2018 Detroit Tigers season </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Established in 1901 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Team logo </Td> <Td> Cap insignia </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Major league affiliations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> American League ( 1901 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> Central Division ( 1998 -- present ) </Li> <Li> East Division ( 1969 -- 1997 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Current uniform </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> TC </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 5 </Li> <Li> 6 </Li> <Li> 11 </Li> <Li> 16 </Li> <Li> 23 </Li> <Li> 42 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Colors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Midnight navy blue , orange , white </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Detroit Tigers ( 1901 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other nicknames </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> The Tiges , The Bengals , Bless You Boys </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ballpark </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Comerica Park ( 2000 -- present ) </Li> <Li> Tiger Stadium ( 1912 -- 1999 ) <Ul> <Li> a.k.a. Briggs Stadium ( 1938 -- 1960 ) </Li> <Li> a.k.a. Navin Field ( 1912 -- 1937 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Burns Park ( 1901 -- 1902 ) <Ul> <Li> Sundays only </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Bennett Park ( 1901 -- 1911 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Major league titles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Series titles ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> AL Pennants ( 11 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1907 </Li> <Li> 1908 </Li> <Li> 1909 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division titles ( 7 ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> East : 1972 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Central : 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wild card berths ( 1 ) </Th> <Td> 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Front office </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Christopher Ilitch ; Ilitch family trust </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manager </Th> <Td> Ron Gardenhire </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General Manager </Th> <Td> Al Avila </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President of Baseball Operations </Th> <Td> Al Avila </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit in 1901 . They are the oldest continuous one - name , one - city franchise in the AL . The Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . The Tigers also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 and 1987 while members of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . </P> <P> The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1901 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Franchise history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 First season ( 1901 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 The Cobb era ( 1905 -- 26 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.2. 1 1905 </Li> <Li> 1.2. 2 1907 American League Champions </Li> <Li> 1.2. 3 1908 American League Champions </Li> <Li> 1.2. 4 1909 American League Champions </Li> <Li> 1.2. 5 1910 -- 14 </Li> <Li> 1.2. 6 1915 </Li> <Li> 1.2. 7 1916 -- 20 </Li> <Li> 1.2. 8 1921 </Li> <Li> 1.2. 9 1922 -- 26 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.3 The Tigers break through ( 1927 -- 40 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 1927 -- 33 </Li> <Li> 1.3. 2 1934 American League Champions </Li> <Li> 1.3. 3 1935 World Series Champions </Li> <Li> 1.3. 4 1936 -- 39 </Li> <Li> 1.3. 5 1940 American League Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.4 The war years ( 1941 -- 45 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 1945 World Series Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 A long drought ( 1946 -- 67 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.5. 1 1946 -- 50 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 2 1951 -- 60 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 3 1961 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 4 1962 -- 66 </Li> <Li> 1.5. 5 1967 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.6 1968 -- 72 <Ul> <Li> 1.6. 1 Glory in ' 68 : 1968 World Series Champions <Ul> <Li> 1.6. 1.1 1968 World Series </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.6. 2 1969 -- 71 </Li> <Li> 1.6. 3 1972 AL East Champions <Ul> <Li> 1.6. 3.1 1972 ALCS </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.7 A slow decline ( 1973 -- 78 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.7. 1 1976 : The Year of The Bird </Li> <Li> 1.7. 2 1977 -- 78 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.8 The `` Bless You Boys '' era ( 1979 -- 87 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.8. 1 The Roar of ' 84 : 1984 World Series Champions <Ul> <Li> 1.8. 1.1 1984 ALCS </Li> <Li> 1.8. 1.2 1984 World Series </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.8. 2 1987 AL East Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.9 A new approach ( 1988 -- 95 ) </Li> <Li> 1.10 Randy Smith era ( 1996 -- 2002 ) </Li> <Li> 1.11 Most losses in American League history ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> 1.12 Rebuilding the franchise ( 2004 -- 06 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.12. 1 The return of the Tigers : 2006 American League Champions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.13 Falling short ( 2007 -- 2010 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.13. 1 2007 </Li> <Li> 1.13. 2 2008 </Li> <Li> 1.13. 3 2009 </Li> <Li> 1.13. 4 2010 <Ul> <Li> 1.13. 4.1 The near - perfect game </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.14 Division winners ( 2011 -- 2014 ) <Ul> <Li> 1.14. 1 2011 : First AL Central Championship </Li> <Li> 1.14. 2 2012 : American League Champions </Li> <Li> 1.14. 3 2013 : American League title defense </Li> <Li> 1.14. 4 2014 : Changes at the top </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.15 2015 : Mid-season Reboot </Li> <Li> 1.16 2016 </Li> <Li> 1.17 Rebuilding ( 2017 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> 1.17. 1 2017 </Li> <Li> 1.17. 2 2018 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.18 Best seasons in Detroit Tigers history </Li> <Li> 1.19 Worst seasons in Detroit Tigers history </Li> <Li> 1.20 Payroll </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 The Tigers </Li> <Li> 3 Rivalries and fan base <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Home attendance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Rally cry </Li> <Li> 5 Uniforms and logos </Li> <Li> 6 Baseball Hall of Famers <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Ford C. Frick Award recipients </Li> <Li> 6.2 Michigan Sports Hall of Fame </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Retired numbers and honorees <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Team captains </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Award winners </Li> <Li> 9 Current roster </Li> <Li> 10 Minor league affiliations </Li> <Li> 11 Broadcasters <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Radio </Li> <Li> 11.2 Television </Li> <Li> 11.3 Former </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Franchise records </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Further reading </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Franchise history ( edit ) </H2> Main article : History of the Detroit Tigers <H3> First season ( 1901 ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> The club is a charter member of the American League , one of four clubs ( with the Boston Red Sox , Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians ) still located in its original city . It was established as a charter member in 1901 . The Tigers played their first game as a major league team at home against the Milwaukee Brewers on April 25 , 1901 , with an estimated 10,000 fans at Bennett Park . After entering the ninth inning behind 13 -- 4 , the team staged a dramatic comeback to win 14 -- 13 . The team finished third in the eight - team league . </P> <H3> The Cobb ERA ( 1905 -- 26 ) ( edit ) </H3> 1905 ( edit ) Ty Cobb in 1913 . <P> In 1905 , the team acquired 18 - year - old Ty Cobb , a fearless player with a mean streak , who came to be regarded as one of the greatest players of all time . The addition of Cobb to an already talented team that included Sam Crawford , Hughie Jennings , Bill Donovan and George Mullin quickly yielded results . </P> 1907 American League champions ( edit ) Main article : 1907 Detroit Tigers season <P> Behind the hitting of outfielders Ty Cobb (. 350 ) and Sam Crawford (. 323 ) , and the pitching of Bill Donovan and Ed Killian ( 25 wins each ) , the Tigers went 92 -- 58 to win the AL pennant in 1907 by 1.5 games over the Philadelphia Athletics . They moved on to their first World Series appearance in the team 's seventh year of existence . </P> <P> The Tigers lost in the 1907 World Series against the Chicago Cubs . Game 1 ended in a rare 3 -- 3 tie , called due to darkness after 12 innings . The Tigers scored only three runs in the succeeding four games , never scoring more than one run in a game , and lost the Series , 4 games to none . </P> 1908 American League champions ( edit ) Main article : 1908 Detroit Tigers season <P> Due to a scheduling quirk in 1908 that included the league 's decision to not make up certain games , the 90 -- 63 Tigers won the AL by just a half - game over the 90 -- 64 Cleveland Naps . Cobb hit . 324 , while Sam Crawford hit . 311 with 7 home runs , which was enough to lead the league in the `` dead ball '' era . </P> <P> The Cubs , however , would deny Detroit the title again in the 1908 World Series , holding the Tigers to a . 209 batting average for the series , which the Cubs won in five games . This would be the Cubs final World Championship until 2016 . </P> 1909 American League champions ( edit ) Main article : 1909 Detroit Tigers season <P> In 1909 , Detroit posted a 98 -- 54 season , winning the AL pennant by 3.5 games over the Athletics . Ty Cobb won the batting triple crown in 1909 , hitting . 377 with 9 home runs ( all inside - the - park ) and 107 RBIs . He also led the league with 76 stolen bases . George Mullin was the pitching hero , going 29 -- 8 with a 2.22 ERA , while fellow pitcher Ed Willett went 21 -- 10 . Mullin 's 11 -- 0 start in 1909 was a Tiger record for 104 years , finally being broken

The last time the Dodgers went to the World Series was in

When was the last time the dodgers went to the world seris?

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of the film took place in Cartersville , Georgia , but the film was shot on location in California . The prime shooting spots were Los Angeles and Orange County . The film is also notable for being one of only four titles to be released on the EVD video format . It is the first installment in a film series called Big Momma , which includes two sequels , Big Momma 's House 2 and Big Mommas : Like Father , Like Son . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Reception <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Critical response </Li> <Li> 3.2 Box office </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Sequels </Li> <Li> 6 Home media </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The story begins in an illegal underground dog - fighting arena in Korea , where an undercover FBI agent , John Patterson , has been identified and is later ordered by a Korean mob boss to be killed . However , John is eventually rescued by his undercover partner and master of disguise , Malcolm Turner . </P> <P> Meanwhile , a criminal named Lester Vesco , who was originally serving a life sentence in prison for murder and armed robbery , escapes from his cell by killing a doctor and stealing his car . The FBI assigns Malcolm and John to capture Lester by sending them to small - town Cartersville , Georgia to stake out the house of an overweight , elderly African American woman named Hattie Mae Pierce ( who is suffering from stewed prunes ) , whom her friends call her Big Momma . Big Momma is the estranged Southern grandmother of Lester 's ex-girlfriend , Sherry Pierce , a bank employee who supposedly aided Lester in his robbery by giving him the key to the vault . After Big Momma unexpectedly leaves town for two weeks to help an ill friend , Malcolm and John sneak into her house to plant security cameras and tap the phones . Sherry calls Big Momma 's house , and Malcolm disguises his voice as Big Momma in order to lure Sherry to the house and possibly obtain a confession . The plan works , and Malcolm and John work together on a Big Momma disguise costume before Sherry 's arrival . </P> <P> The next day , Sherry arrives at Big Momma 's house with her 10 - year - old son , Trent . However , Malcolm 's behaviour and sudden inexperience with cooking confuses Sherry . Malcolm also has to deal with Big Momma 's lecherous boyfriend , Ben Rawley ; act as midwife for a woman named Ritha , who has gone into labor ; and attend self - defense classes under Ritha 's older brother , a dim - witted security guard named Nolan , whom Malcolm handily defeats . After Malcolm almost damages the suit while sleeping , he tries to sneak back to the safe house where he and John are staying . However , Sherry captures Malcolm on the porch and he poses as Big Momma 's handyman . Malcolm and John repair the suit . When Malcolm leaves with Sherry , John searches Trent and Sherry 's belongings for clues , but to no avail . Malcolm bonds with Trent when he defends him against the two older boys who bullied Trent and kicked him off a basketball court so they could play . Malcolm and Trent eventually beat the boys at basketball , amazing Nolan and Trent . Malcolm also begins to bond with Sherry and Trent when he accompanies them on a fishing trip as himself . That night , Nolan discovers Malcolm and John 's undercover operation and is reluctantly recruited to help them after he insists . </P> <P> Malcolm accompanies Sherry and Trent to church , where the Reverend calls on Malcolm to give his testimony . Malcolm attempts to influence Sherry and Trent by giving them his testimony about the importance of not keeping secrets . When Malcolm , Sherry , and Trent return to Big Momma 's house , they discover a surprise birthday party for Big Momma . During the party , the real Big Momma returns home prematurely , whom John tries to stall her . Malcolm accidentally finds the stolen money hidden in Trent 's footlocker . Sherry tells Malcolm the real story : Lester had wooed Sherry so he could steal her keys to gain access to the bank vault ; Sherry did not tell anyone about her stolen keys out of fear of getting fired . John quietly tells Nolan that the real Big Momma is back , at which point Nolan accidentally locks Malcolm out of the house , believing he is the real Big Momma . When Lester arrives after tracking down Sherry , Malcolm breaks through the window and fights Lester , causing confusion among the partygoers as they see two Big Mommas at once . Lester shoots John in his right shoulder and rips Malcolm 's mask during a fistfight , which reveals his identity . Nonetheless , Malcolm subdues Lester by knocking him out through the window . Sherry and Trent are heartbroken to realize that Malcolm was an FBI agent all along , and they refuse to speak to him . The police arrest Lester and paramedics takes John to the hospital to heal his right shoulder . </P> <P> On Sunday morning , Malcolm goes to church to testify Sherry , Trent , and Big Momma . Malcolm delivers his confession and heartfelt speech to Sherry and Trent , and later admits that he genuinely loves them . Big Momma forgives Malcolm , and the crowd cheers as Malcolm and Sherry kiss . The crowd celebrates as Big Momma and the choir sings `` Oh Happy Day '' during the film 's closing credits . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Martin Lawrence as Agent Malcolm Turner / Big Momma </Li> <Li> Nia Long as Sherry Pierce </Li> <Li> Paul Giamatti as Agent John Patterson , Malcolm 's undercover partner . </Li> <Li> Terrence Howard as Lester Vesco , Sherry 's ex-boyfriend . </Li> <Li> Anthony Anderson as Nolan , a dim - witted security guard . </Li> <Li> Jascha Washington as Trent Pierce , Sherry 's 10 - year - old son . </Li> <Li> Ella Mitchell as Hattie Mae Pierce ( Big Momma ) , Sherry 's long lost , overweight , elderly Southern grandmother . </Li> <Li> Phyllis Applegate as Sadie , Big Momma 's nosy and jealous neighbor </Li> <Li> Starletta DuPois as Miss Patterson </Li> <Li> Tichina Arnold as Ritha , Nolan 's younger sister . </Li> <Li> Octavia Spencer as Twila </Li> <Li> Nicole Prescott as Lena </Li> <Li> Cedric the Entertainer as the Reverend </Li> <Li> Carl Wright as Ben Rawley , Big Momma 's annoying , lecherous boyfriend . </Li> <Li> Aldis Hodge as Basketball teen </Li> </Ul> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 30 % based on 81 reviews and an average rating of 4.4 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Big Momma 's House is funny in some parts , but it is essentially a one - joke movie . '' On Metacritic , the film has a score of 33 out of 100 based on 27 critics , indicating `` generally unfavorable reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> The film , and the series as a whole , have been derided as typical of `` representations of the big black woman that have appeared in mass marketed comedies '' which at the same time devalue the women by casting `` male actors wearing Latex fat suits '' . One review of the third film sarcastically comments , `` Believe it or not , the Big Momma 's House series rigidly follows the classic Hollywood trilogy structure '' . By the third film , the series was derided for its unnecessary rehashing of the cross-dressing gimmick . </P> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> The film was released on 2 June 2000 , and was a surprise hit as it opened as the number two movie in North America , and almost overtook Mission : Impossible 2 for the top spot that weekend . Big Momma 's House went on to gross over $117 million at the US box office , and with a worldwide total just under $174 million . Each installment in the series declined from the box office realized by the original : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Box office revenue </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening weekend </Th> <Th> United States </Th> <Th> Worldwide </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Momma 's House </Td> <Td> June 2 , 2000 </Td> <Td> $25,661,041 </Td> <Td> $117,559,438 </Td> <Td> $173,959,438 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Momma 's House 2 </Td> <Td> January 27 , 2006 </Td> <Td> $27,736,056 </Td> <Td> $70,165,972 </Td> <Td> $138,259,062 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Mommas : Like Father , Like Son </Td> <Td> February 18 , 2011 </Td> <Td> $16,300,803 </Td> <Td> $37,043,617 </Td> <Td> $69,922,617 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> $69,697,900 </Td> <Td> $224,769,027 </Td> <Td> $382,141,117 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> </P> Main article : Big Momma 's House ( soundtrack ) <P> A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on May 30 , 2000 by So So Def Records . The film 's theme song was `` Bounce with Me '' by Lil Bow Wow . The soundtrack was also a moderate success and has been certified gold since its release . Other than Lil Bow Wow , the soundtrack featured artists such as Jermaine Dupri , Da Brat , and Black Dave , whose single Go Big Girl can be heard briefly in the film . It peaked at 41 on the Billboard 200 and 12 on the Top R&B / Hip - Hop Albums and spawned two hit singles , `` Bounce with Me '' and `` I 've Got to Have It '' . </P> <P> This was the only Big Momma film to have an official soundtrack . However , the third film spawned one single , `` Imma Do It Big '' , by T - Pain , Brandon T. Jackson , and One Chance . </P> <H2> Sequels ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film spawned 2 sequels in the Big Momma series : Big Momma 's House 2 ( 2006 ) and Big Mommas : Like Father , Like Son ( 2011 ) . Both sequels are notable for being lighter and family - friendlier than the original . The sequels included some , but not all , of the same crew members , characters , and actors from the original : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Director </Th> <Th> Producer </Th> <Th> Writer </Th> <Th> Composer </Th> <Th> Cinematographer </Th> <Th> Editor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Momma 's House </Td> <Td> Raja Gosnell </Td> <Td> David T. Friendly Michael Green </Td> <Td> screenplay : Darryl Quarles story : Darryl Quarles Don Rhymer </Td> <Td> Richard Gibbs </Td> <Td> Michael D. O'Shea </Td> <Td> Kent Beyda Bruce Green </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Momma 's House 2 </Td> <Td> John Whitesell </Td> <Td> Don Rhymer </Td> <Td> George S. Clinton </Td> <Td> Mark Irwin </Td> <Td> Priscilla Nedd - Friendly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Big Mommas : Like Father , Like Son </Td> <Td> screenplay : Matthew Fogel story : Matthew Fogel Don Rhymer </Td> <Td> David Newman </Td> <Td> Anthony B. Richmond </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Home media ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film is one of very few titles to be released

The role of Big Momma in the movie Big Momma's House is played by

Who plays big momma in big mommas house?

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Romantic music - wikipedia <H1> Romantic music </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the genre of music . For the traditional term in music , see Romance ( music ) . For other uses , see Romantic ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article has an unclear citation style . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting . ( March 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Periods and eras of Western classical music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Early </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Medieval </Td> <Td> c. 500 -- 1400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Renaissance </Td> <Td> c. 1400 -- 1600 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Common practice </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Baroque </Td> <Td> c. 1600 -- 1750 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Classical </Td> <Td> c. 1730 -- 1820 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romantic </Td> <Td> c. 1780 -- 1910 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Modern and contemporary / postmodern </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Impressionist </Td> <Td> c. 1890 -- 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Expressionist </Td> <Td> c. 1908 -- 1950 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Modern </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> c. 1890 -- 1975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20th century </Td> <Td> ( 1901 -- 2000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Contemporary </Li> <Li> Postmodern </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> c. 1930 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21st century </Td> <Td> ( 2001 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century . It is related to Romanticism , the European artistic and literary movement that arose in the second half of the 18th century , and Romantic music in particular dominated the Romantic movement in Germany . </P> The title character from a 19th - century performance of Wagner 's opera Siegfried <P> In the Romantic period , music became more expressive and emotional , expanding to encompass literary , artistic , and philosophical themes . Famous early Romantic composers include Beethoven ( whose works span both this period and the preceding Classical period ) , Schubert , Schumann , Chopin , Mendelssohn , Bellini , and Berlioz . The late 19th century saw a dramatic expansion in the size of the orchestra and in the dynamic range and diversity of instruments used in this ensemble . Also , public concerts became a key part of urban middle class society , in contrast to earlier periods , when concerts were mainly paid for by and performed for aristocrats . Famous composers from the second half of the century include Bruckner , Johann Strauss II , Brahms , Liszt , Tchaikovsky , Dvořák , Verdi , and Wagner . Between 1890 and 1910 , a third wave of composers including Mahler , Richard Strauss , Puccini , and Sibelius built on the work of middle Romantic composers to create even more complex -- and often much longer -- musical works . A prominent mark of late 19th century music is its nationalistic fervor , as exemplified by such figures as Dvořák , Sibelius , and Grieg . Other prominent late - century figures include Saint - Saëns , Fauré , Rachmaninoff and Franck . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Traits </Li> <Li> 3 Trends of the 19th century <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Non-musical influences </Li> <Li> 3.2 Nationalism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Further reading </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog , by Caspar David Friedrich is an example of Romantic painting . Main article : Romanticism <P> The Romantic movement was an artistic , literary , and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe and strengthened in reaction to the Industrial Revolution ( Encyclopædia Britannica n.d. ) . In part , it was a revolt against social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature ( Casey 2008 ) . It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts , music , and literature , but had a major impact on historiography ( Levin 1959 , ) and education ( Gutek 1995 , 220 -- 54 ) , and was in turn influenced by developments in natural history ( Nichols 2005 , 308 -- 309 ) . </P> <P> One of the first significant applications of the term to music was in 1789 , in the Mémoires by the Frenchman André Grétry , but it was E.T.A. Hoffmann who really established the principles of musical romanticism , in a lengthy review of Ludwig van Beethoven 's Fifth Symphony published in 1810 , and in an 1813 article on Beethoven 's instrumental music . In the first of these essays Hoffmann traced the beginnings of musical Romanticism to the later works of Haydn and Mozart . It was Hoffmann 's fusion of ideas already associated with the term `` Romantic '' , used in opposition to the restraint and formality of Classical models , that elevated music , and especially instrumental music , to a position of pre-eminence in Romanticism as the art most suited to the expression of emotions . It was also through the writings of Hoffmann and other German authors that German music was brought to the centre of musical Romanticism ( Samson 2001 ) . </P> <H2> Traits ( edit ) </H2> <P> Characteristics often attributed to Romanticism : </P> <Ul> <Li> a new preoccupation with and surrender to Nature ; </Li> <Li> a fascination with the past , particularly the Middle Ages and legends of medieval chivalry ; </Li> <Li> a turn towards the mystic and supernatural , both religious and merely spooky ; </Li> <Li> a longing for the infinite ; </Li> <Li> mysterious connotations of remoteness , the unusual and fabulous , the strange and surprising ; </Li> <Li> a focus on the nocturnal , the ghostly , the frightful , and terrifying ; </Li> <Li> fantastic seeing and spiritual experiences ; </Li> <Li> a new attention given to national identity ; </Li> <Li> emphasis on extreme subjectivism ; </Li> <Li> interest in the autobiographical ; </Li> <Li> discontent with musical formulas and conventions . </Li> </Ul> <P> Such lists , however , proliferated over time , resulting in a `` chaos of antithetical phenomena '' , criticized for their superficiality and for signifying so many different things that there came to be no central meaning . The attributes have also been criticized for being too vague . For example , features of the `` ghostly and supernatural '' could apply equally to Mozart 's Don Giovanni from 1787 and Stravinsky 's The Rake 's Progress from 1951 ( Kravitt 1992 , 93 -- 95 ) . </P> <P> From a musical stance the following aspect could be used to distinguish romantic music from previous eras : </P> <Ul> <Li> The use of a wider range of dynamics ( from ppp to FFF ) ; </Li> <Li> Using a larger tonal range ( exp . using the lowest and highest notes of the piano ) ; </Li> <Li> Large orchestrations ( Started by Ludwig van Beethoven ) ; </Li> <Li> The use of more elaborate harmonic progressions ( Wagner and Liszt are known for their experimental progressions ) ; </Li> <Li> The use of new or previously not so common musical structures like the nocturne , concert etude , arabesque and rhapsody ; </Li> <Li> Led by the characteristics described above , composers were more inclined to write programme music ( Most notably Franz Liszt ) . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Trends of the 19th century ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Non-musical influences ( edit ) </H3> <P> Events and changes that happen in society such as ideas , attitudes , discoveries , inventions , and historical events always affect music . For example , the Industrial Revolution was in full effect by the late 18th century and early 19th century . This event had a very profound effect on music : there were major improvements in the mechanical valves , and keys that most woodwinds and brass instruments depend on . The new and innovative instruments could be played with greater ease and they were more reliable ( Schmidt - Jones and Jones 2004 , 3 ) . </P> <P> Another development that had an effect on music was the rise of the middle class . Composers before this period lived on the patronage of the aristocracy . Many times their audience was small , composed mostly of the upper class and individuals who were knowledgeable about music ( Schmidt - Jones and Jones 2004 , 3 ) . The Romantic composers , on the other hand , often wrote for public concerts and festivals , with large audiences of paying customers , who had not necessarily had any music lessons ( Schmidt - Jones and Jones 2004 , 3 ) . Composers of the Romantic Era , like Elgar , showed the world that there should be `` no segregation of musical tastes '' ( Young 1967 , 525 ) and that the `` purpose was to write music that was to be heard '' ( Young 1967 , 527 ) . </P> <H3> Nationalism ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Musical nationalism <P> During the Romantic period , music often took on a much more nationalistic purpose . For example , Jean Sibelius ' Finlandia has been interpreted to represent the rising nation of Finland , which would someday gain independence from Russian control ( Child 2006 ) . Frédéric Chopin was one of the first composers to incorporate nationalistic elements into his compositions . Joseph Machlis states , `` Poland 's struggle for freedom from tsarist rule aroused the national poet in Poland. ... Examples of musical nationalism abound in the output of the romantic era . The folk idiom is prominent in the Mazurkas of Chopin '' ( Machlis 1963 , 149 -- 50 ) . His mazurkas and polonaises are particularly notable for their use of nationalistic rhythms . Moreover , `` During World War II the Nazis forbade the playing of ... Chopin 's Polonaises in Warsaw because of the powerful symbolism residing in these works '' ( Machlis 1963 , 150 ) . Other composers , such as Bedřich Smetana , wrote pieces that musically described their homelands ; in particular , Smetana 's Vltava is a symphonic poem about the Moldau River in the modern - day Czech Republic and the second in a cycle of six nationalistic symphonic poems collectively titled Má vlast ( My Homeland ) ( Grunfeld 1974 , 112 -- 13 ) . Smetana also composed eight nationalist operas , all of which remain in the repertory . They established him as the first Czech nationalist composer as well as the most important Czech opera composer of the generation who came to prominence in the 1860s ( Ottlová , Tyrrell , and Pospíšil 2001 ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of Romantic - era composers </Li> <Li> Neoromanticism

During the Romantic period, the orchestra underwent

How did orchestra change in the romantic period?

4674269357266381610

Cool Hand Luke - wikipedia <H1> Cool Hand Luke </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the film . For other uses , see Cool Hand Luke ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cool Hand Luke </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Stuart Rosenberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Gordon Carroll </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Donn Pearce </Li> <Li> Frank R. Pierson </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Cool Hand Luke by Donn Pearce </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Paul Newman </Li> <Li> George Kennedy </Li> <Li> J.D. Cannon </Li> <Li> Robert Drivas </Li> <Li> Lou Antonio </Li> <Li> Strother Martin </Li> <Li> Jo Van Fleet </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Lalo Schifrin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Conrad Hall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Sam O'Steen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. - Seven Arts </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> November 1 , 1967 ( 1967 - 11 - 01 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 126 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $3.2 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $16.2 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar - winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . </P> <P> The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place within California 's San Joaquin River Delta region , and the set , imitating a prison farm in the Deep South , was built in nearby Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . </P> <P> Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box - office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box - office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Script </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Soundtrack </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Themes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Christian imagery </Li> <Li> 4.2 Use of traffic signs and signals </Li> <Li> 4.3 `` Failure to communicate '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release and reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Legacy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Decorated war veteran Lucas `` Luke '' Jackson ( Paul Newman ) , is arrested for cutting parking meters off their poles one drunken night . He is sentenced to two years in prison and sent to a Florida chain gang prison run by a stern warden , the Captain ( Strother Martin ) , and a stoic rifleman , Walking Boss Godfrey ( Morgan Woodward ) , whose eyes are always covered by a pair of mirrored sunglasses. Carr ( Clifton James ) the floorwalker , tells the rules to the new set of prisoners , with any violations resulting in spending the night in `` the box , '' a small square room with limited air and very little room to move . </P> <P> Luke refuses to observe the established pecking order among the prisoners and quickly runs afoul of the prisoners ' leader , Dragline ( George Kennedy ) . When the pair have a boxing match , the prisoners and guards watch with interest . Although Luke is severely outmatched by his larger opponent , he refuses to acquiesce . Eventually , Dragline refuses to continue the fight . Luke 's tenacity earns the prisoners ' respect and draws the attention of the guards . Later , Luke wins a poker game by bluffing with a hand worth nothing . Luke comments that `` sometimes , nothing can be a real cool hand '' , prompting Dragline to nickname him `` Cool Hand Luke '' . </P> Luke and the chain gang finish paving the road <P> After a visit from his sick mother , Arletta ( Jo Van Fleet ) , Luke becomes more optimistic about his situation . He continually confronts the Captain and the guards , and his sense of humor and independence prove to be both contagious and inspiring to the other prisoners . Luke 's struggle for supremacy peaks when he leads a work crew in a seemingly impossible but successful effort to complete a road - paving job in less than one day . The other prisoners start to idolize him after he makes and wins a spur - of - the moment bet that he can eat fifty hard - boiled eggs in one hour . </P> <P> One day , Luke picks up a deadly rattlesnake from the grassy ditch and holds it up for Boss Godfrey to shoot with his rifle . Luke tosses the snake to the boss as a joke , before he hands him his walking cane . Dragline advises Luke to be more careful about his actions pertaining to the `` man with no eyes . '' A rainstorm causes everyone to prematurely end their work . Before he joins the other prisoners in the truck , Luke shouts to God , testing him . On that same evening , Luke receives a letter stating that his mother has died . </P> <P> The Captain , anticipating that Luke might attempt to escape in order to attend his mother 's funeral , has him locked in the box . After being released from the box , receiving word that his mother 's burial is completed and being told to forget about her , Luke is determined to escape . Under the cover of a Fourth of July celebration , he makes his initial escape attempt . He is later recaptured by local police and returned to the chain gang , but not before one of the three bloodhounds sent after him dies from heat and overexertion , including the strain of repeatedly going under the wire fences , in his attempt to trail Luke . After his capture and return , the Captain has Luke fitted with leg - irons and delivers a warning speech to the other inmates , explaining , `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate . Some men you just ca n't reach . So you get what we had here last week , which is the way he wants it . Well , he gets it . And I do n't like it any more than you men . '' </P> <P> A short time later , Luke escapes again by using string to shake a bush and deceive the guards about his location while taking a urination break behind said bush , afterwards visiting a nearby house where he uses an axe to remove his shackles . To keep the guard dogs from following his scent , he spreads curry powder and chili powder across the ground to send them into sneezing fits and overload their sensitive sense of smell . While free , Luke mails Dragline a magazine that includes a photograph of him with two beautiful women . He is soon recaptured , beaten , returned to the prison camp , and fitted with two sets of leg irons . Luke is warned by the Captain that if he ever attempts to escape again , he will be killed on the spot . Luke is now annoyed by the other prisoners fawning over the magazine photo and reveals it to be a fake . At first , the other prisoners are angry , but after a long stay in the box , when Luke is punished by being forced to eat a massive serving of rice , they come to help him finish it . </P> <P> As further punishment for his escape , he is forced to repeatedly dig a grave - sized hole in the prison camp yard , fill it back in , and then be beaten . The prisoners observe his persecution , singing spirituals . Finally , as the other prisoners watch from the windows of the bunkhouse , an exhausted Luke collapses in the hole , begging God for mercy and pleads with the bosses not to hit him again . Believing Luke is finally broken , the Captain stops the punishment . Boss Paul warns Luke that he will be killed if ever he runs away again , which Luke promises in tears not to do . The prisoners begin to lose their idealized image of Luke , and one tears up the photograph of Luke with the women . </P> Luke defies the authorities for the last time <P> Seemingly broken , and again working on the chain gang , Luke stops working to give water to a prisoner . Watched by the disappointed prisoners , he runs to one of the trucks to take Boss Godfrey 's rifle to him . After Boss Godfrey shoots a snapping turtle , Luke retrieves it from a slough for him , complimenting the boss for his shot . Luke takes one last stab at freedom when he is ordered to take the turtle to the truck . He steals the dump truck , as well as the keys to the other trucks . In the excitement of the moment , Dragline jumps in the dump truck and joins Luke in his escape . Later , after abandoning the truck , Luke

The role of the Walking Boss in the movie Cool Hand Luke is played by

Who plays the walking boss in cool hand luke?

9121298984870342561

The Lunar Chronicles - wikipedia <H1> The Lunar Chronicles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . ( May 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> The Lunar Chronicles <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cover of the first book in the series , Cinder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Cinder ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Scarlet ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> Cress ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Fairest ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Winter ( 2015 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Marissa Meyer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Fantasy , young adult fiction , romance , science fiction , dystopian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Feiwel & Friends </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Published </Th> <Td> 2012 -- 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( hardcover and paperback ) , audiobook , e-book </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of books </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> thelunarchronicles.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer . Each book entails a new take on an old fairy tale , including Cinderella , Little Red Riding Hood , Rapunzel and Snow White . The story takes place in a futuristic world where earthens , cyborgs , androids , and a race of moon colonists all coexist . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Books <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Cinder </Li> <Li> 1.2 Scarlet </Li> <Li> 1.3 Cress </Li> <Li> 1.4 Fairest </Li> <Li> 1.5 Winter </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Short story collection <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Stars Above </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Sequel </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Books ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Cinder ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cinder ( novel ) <P> Cinder is the first book in The Lunar Chronicles and second chronologically . It was published on January 3 , 2012 . </P> <P> Linh Cinder ( based on Cinderella ) , a cyborg living with her step mother and her two stepsisters , works as a mechanic in a booth at the market place , where she meets Prince Kai , who requests that she fix his personal android . After Cinder 's stepsister , Peony , comes into contact with the plague , Cinder is forcibly volunteered for cure testing . As a result , many previously unknown things regarding Cinder 's origins surface . At the same time , tensions between Earth and Luna , a lunar colony where most of the citizens have special abilities , are rising with Prince Kai caught in the middle of that and his and Cinder 's ever unusual love story . </P> <H3> Scarlet ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Scarlet ( novel ) <P> Scarlet is the second book in The Lunar Chronicles and third chronologically . It was published on February 3 , 2013 . </P> <P> Scarlet Benoit ( based on Little Red Riding Hood ) is the granddaughter of Michelle Benoit , a farmer and former military pilot who has suddenly disappeared . On Scarlet 's journey to find her grandmother , she works hesitantly with a street fighter named Wolf . Unfortunately , as Scarlet 's trust for Wolf grows , his old lunar gang puts them in unusual circumstances , testing Wolf 's loyalties . Deeper connections surface as the gang 's malicious intent is finally exposed . Simultaneously , Cinder joins forces with the convict , Carswell Thorne . As the search continues , Scarlet meets Cinder and becomes an ally in her plan to stop the tyranny of Queen Levana and her thaumaturge Sybil . </P> <H3> Cress ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Cress ( novel ) <P> Cress is the third book in The Lunar Chronicles and fourth chronologically . It was published on February 4 , 2014 . </P> <P> Crescent Moon , or `` Cress '' Darnel ( based on Rapunzel ) , is an imprisoned shell ( a Lunar without special abilities ) working with Sybil to help Lunar ships . Living alone on a satellite and harboring an enormous crush on Carswell Thorne , she secretly works to sabotage the wicked Lunar queen , and eventually Cress teams up with Cinder and becomes entangled in her plot to save Earth . As complications arise and the crew is separated , they must do everything they can to prevent a royal wedding from putting Earth into Queen Levana 's hands . And all the while , the plague has begun to mutate and even the Lunars are not safe . </P> <H3> Fairest ( edit ) </H3> <P> Fairest is the fourth book in The Lunar Chronicles and first chronologically . It was published on January 27 , 2015 . </P> <P> Fairest is a prequel to the other books in the series , telling the backstory and past of Queen Levana ( based on the Evil Queen from Snow White ) . Fairest begins when Levana is around 15 years old and covers about ten years of her life , ending about a decade before Cinder is set . Levana has grown up in a poisonous household and has a cruel older sister who has been mentally and physically abusive to her throughout her entire life . After her parents are murdered by a Lunar assassin ( a Shell ) , Levana 's sister , Channary , is set to become queen . Channary 's reign is short - lived , and with Channary 's ascension , Levana begins an unexpected downward spiral to becoming heartless when it comes to anything but her people . </P> <H3> Winter ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Winter ( Meyer novel ) <P> Winter is the fifth book in The Lunar Chronicles and fifth chronologically . It was published on November 10 , 2015 . </P> <P> Winter ( based on Snow White ) is Queen Levana 's stepdaughter . She has lived on Luna in the palace and has been raised by her stepmother . She has seen how Levana 's use of glamour has turned her into a heartless tyrant . Winter decided to never use her gift , so she has not used her Lunar `` glamour '' since she was twelve . A side effect of not using glamour causes loss of sanity for Lunars and Winter is afflicted with bad hallucinations . As the book goes on , her mental state starts to slowly deteriorate . Winter 's only source of comfort from the hallucinations is her guard , childhood friend and crush , Jacin . Princess Winter is admired by the Lunar people for her grace and kindness , and despite the scars that mar her face , her beauty is said to be even more breathtaking than that of her stepmother , Queen Levana . </P> <P> Winter despises her stepmother , and knows Levana will not approve of her feelings for Jacin . But Winter is not as weak as Levana believes her to be and she has been undermining her stepmother 's wishes for years . Together with the cyborg mechanic , Cinder , and her allies , Winter might even have the power to launch a revolution and win a war that has been raging for far too long . </P> <H2> Short story collection ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Stars Above ( edit ) </H3> <P> Stars Above is a collection of short stories set in The Lunar Chronicles universe . It was published on February 2 , 2016 . It includes five novellas previously released individually and four originals : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Keeper : A prequel to The Lunar Chronicles , showing a young Scarlet and how Princess Selene came into the care of Michelle Benoit . </Li> <Li> Glitches : A short story that takes place before the events of Cinder about Cinder coming to live with her new family at age 11 . It was originally released on January 27 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> The Queen 's Army : A short story about Wolf and his brother Ran 's past before Scarlet . It was originally released on November 20 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Carswell 's Guide to Being Lucky : A short story detailing the incident between Carswell Thorne and Kate Fallow and the retrieval of her portscreen mentioned in Cress . A glimpse at the young Carswell Thorne , his family life , and his teenage years . It was originally released on February 4 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> After Sunshine Passes By : A prequel to Cress , showing how a nine - year - old Cress ended up alone on a satellite , spying on Earth for Luna . </Li> <Li> The Princess and The Guard : A short story about Winter and Jacin 's friendship during their childhood . </Li> <Li> The Little Android : A retelling of The Little Mermaid that takes place before the events of Cinder . It was originally released on January 27 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> The Mechanic : A short story about the first meeting of Linh Cinder and Prince Kaito , from Kaito 's perspective . </Li> <Li> Something Old , Something New : A short story set about 2 years after Winter during Scarlet and Wolf 's wedding . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Sequel ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wires and Nerves is a graphic novel sequel series written by Meyer and illustrated by Douglas Holgate , also based in the world of The Lunar Chronicles . Set after the events of the Lunar Chronicles but before the Stars Above epilogue , it features many of the same characters , with Iko as the main protagonist . The first book , Wires and Nerve , Volume 1 , was released on January 31 , 2017 . The second book , Wires and Nerve , Volume 2 , is scheduled to be released on January 30 , 2018 . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Truitt , Brian ( June 16 , 2014 ) . `` Book Buzz : Meyer 's ' Fairest ' delves into evil '' . USA Today . Retrieved May 22 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Children and Young Adult Literature portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Marissa Meyer 's website </Li> <Li> The Lunar Chronicles Facebook page </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lunar_Chronicles&oldid=838079417 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2015 American novels </Li> <Li> Macmillan Publishers books </Li> <Li> American young adult novels </Li> <Li> Young adult novel series </Li> <Li> Fantasy novel series </Li> <Li> Young adult fantasy novels </Li> <Li> Children 's science fiction novels </Li> <Li> American romance novels </Li> <Li> Novels based on fairy tales </Li> <Li> Androids in literature </Li> <Li> Cyborgs in literature </Li> <Li> Novels by Marissa Meyer </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from May 2017 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> </Ul> Edit links

The third book in the Lunar Chronicles is

What is the third book in the lunar chronicles?

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Red River of the south - wikipedia <H1> Red River of the south </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Red River . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It has been requested that the title of this article be changed to Red River ( Mississippi River ) . Please see the relevant discussion on the discussion page . Do not move the page until the discussion has reached consensus for the change and is closed . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Red River </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Red River looking east , north of Bonham , Texas : Texas is to the right , Oklahoma is on the left , and the border between the two states runs along the south ( right ) bank of the river . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Map of the Red River watershed </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Native name </Th> <Td> Bah'hatteno </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rivière Rouge ( former French name ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> States </Th> <Td> Texas , Oklahoma , Arkansas and Louisiana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Physical characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main source </Th> <Td> Harmon County , Oklahoma 1,535 ft ( 468 m ) 34 ° 34 ′ 35 '' N 99 ° 57 ′ 54 '' W  /  34.57639 ° N 99.96500 ° W  / 34.57639 ; - 99.96500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> River mouth </Th> <Td> Atchafalaya River 30 ft ( 9.1 m ) 31 ° 01 ′ 10 '' N 91 ° 44 ′ 52 '' W  /  31.01944 ° N 91.74778 ° W  / 31.01944 ; - 91.74778 Coordinates : 31 ° 01 ′ 10 '' N 91 ° 44 ′ 52 '' W  /  31.01944 ° N 91.74778 ° W  / 31.01944 ; - 91.74778 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 1,360 mi ( 2,190 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Discharge </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Location : mouth ; max and min at Alexandria , LA </Li> <Li> Minimum rate : 1,472 cu ft / s ( 41.7 m / s ) </Li> <Li> Average rate : 57,000 cu ft / s ( 1,600 m / s ) </Li> <Li> Maximum rate : 233,000 cu ft / s ( 6,600 m / s ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Basin features </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basin size </Th> <Td> 65,595 sq mi ( 169,890 km ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Red River , or sometimes the Red River of the South , is a major river in the southern United States of America . The river was named for the red - bed country of its watershed . It is one of several rivers with that name . Although it was once a tributary of the Mississippi River , the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River , a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico . It is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure . </P> <P> The south bank of the Red River formed part of the US -- Mexico border from the Adams -- Onís Treaty ( in force 1821 ) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo . </P> <P> The Red River is the second - largest river basin in the southern Great Plains . It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east , where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma . It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas , turning south near Fulton , Arkansas , and flowing into Louisiana , where it flows into the Atchafalaya River . The total length of the river is 1,360 miles ( 2,190 km ) , with a mean flow of over 57,000 cubic feet per second ( 1,600 m / s ) at the mouth . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Course </Li> <Li> 1.2 Tributaries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Watershed </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Native Americans </Li> <Li> 3.2 European - American exploration and settlement </Li> <Li> 3.3 Great Raft </Li> <Li> 3.4 Greer County debate </Li> <Li> 3.5 2015 Louisiana flood </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Recreation </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Course ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Red River rises near the edge of the northwestern dip slope of the Llano Estacado mesa in two forks in northern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma . The North Fork Red River meets the southern and largest fork near the Texas -- Oklahoma border . The southern fork , which is about 120 miles ( 190 km ) long , is generally called the Prairie Dog Town Fork . It is formed in Randall County , Texas , near the county seat of Canyon , by the confluence of intermittent Palo Duro Creek and Tierra Blanca Creek . </P> State Highway No. 78 Bridge at the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas , photographed on the Oklahoma side Crossing the Red River at the Texas -- Oklahoma border from I - 35 The Red River took a new channel near Natchitoches , Louisiana , and left behind Cane River Lake . <P> The Red River turns and flows southeast through Palo Duro Canyon in Palo Duro Canyon State Park at an elevation of 3,440 feet ( 1,050 m ) , then past Newlin , Texas , to meet the Oklahoma state line . Past that point , it is generally considered the main stem of the Red River . Near Elmer , Oklahoma , the North Fork finally joins , and the river proceeds to follow a winding course east through one of the most arid parts of the Great Plains , receiving the Wichita River as it passes the city of Wichita Falls . Near Denison , the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma , a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam . The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north . </P> Point bars , abandoned meander loops , oxbow lakes in Lafayette and Miller counties , Arkansas <P> After the river flows out of the southeastern end of the lake , it runs generally east towards Arkansas and receives Muddy Boggy Creek before turning southward near Texarkana . </P> <P> Soon after , the river crosses south into Louisiana . The sister cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed on either bank of the river , as were the downriver cities of Alexandria and Pineville . Where it is joined by the Ouachita River , its largest tributary , the river later broadens into a complex network of marshlands surrounding the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers . Its waters eventually discharge into the Atchafalaya River and flow eastward or southward into the Gulf of Mexico . </P> <P> In 1946 , the Red River flood spilled over into Pineville because of insufficient levee height and strength . However , the taller and stronger levee held in Alexandria . Willie E. Kees Jr. , the newly elected mayor of Pineville , worked to gain support for the Corps of Engineers to increase the height of the levee on the eastern side of the river to equal that in Alexandria . </P> <H3> Tributaries ( edit ) </H3> <P> Tributaries include the Little Red River , Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River , Salt Fork Red River , North Fork Red River , Pease River , Washita River , Kiamichi River , Little Wichita River , Little River , Sulphur River , Loggy Bayou ( through Lake Bistineau and Dorcheat Bayou ) as well as the Ouachita River ( also known as the Black River at that point ) not far ( at Acme , Louisiana ) from the mouth . </P> <H2> Watershed ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Red River 's watershed covers 65,590 square miles ( 169,900 km ) and is the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains . Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma , but also covers parts of Arkansas and Louisiana . Its basin is characterized by flat , fertile agricultural land , with only a few major cities . The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and receives little precipitation . As a result , much of the river above the Texas -- Oklahoma border is intermittent , and until the river is past its great bend south in Arkansas , the flow varies widely . Most of the agriculture in the basin is sustained by groundwater , which is recharged with rainfall and riverflow . The lower course of the river flows through a series of marshes and swamps , where its flow is dramatically moderated . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Native Americans ( edit ) </H3> <P> Native American cultures along the river were diverse , developing specialized adaptations to the many different environments . By the time of European contact , the eastern Piney Woods were dominated by the numerous historic tribes of the Caddoan Confederacy . They found plentiful game and fish , and also had good land for cultivating staple crops . The middle part of the Red River was dominated by Wichita and Tonkawa . This area was prairie , where Native Americans constructed portable and temporary tepees for housing . They practiced limited farming and followed game in seasonal , nomadic hunting cycles . The Plains division of the Lipan Apache dominated the western Red River area until the 18th century , when they were displaced by invading Comanche from the north . </P> <H3> European - American Exploration and settlement ( edit ) </H3> Crossing the Red River near Granite , Oklahoma , 1921 . <P> In 1806 , President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Red River Expedition to explore parts of the new lands of the Louisiana Purchase by traveling up the Red River . He said it was `` in truth , next to the Missouri , the most interesting water of the Mississippi '' , in a letter to William Dunbar . Having threaded the maze of bayous at the river 's confluence , and the `` Great Raft '' of lodged driftwood , the expedition , was stopped by the Spanish near what is now New Boston , Texas . </P> <P> In 1806 , Lieutenant Zebulon Pike , under orders to ascertain the source of the Red River , ascended the Arkansas River , made his way downstream on what turned out to be the Rio Grande , and was sent home by the Spanish authorities . A more successful exploration of the river 's upper reaches to both its sources was the 1852 expedition under Capt . Randolph Barnes Marcy , assisted by Brevet Capt . George B. McClellan . The latter was important as a general in the American Civil War . </P> <P> In April 1815 , Captain Henry Miller Shreve was the first person to bring a steamboat , the Enterprise , up the Red River . Fulton and Livingston , who claimed the exclusive right to navigate Louisiana waters by steamboat , sued Shreve in the District Court of New Orleans . The judge ruled that the monopoly claimed by the plaintiffs was illegal . That decision , along with a similar outcome in Gibbons v. Ogden freed navigation on every river , lake or harbor in the United States from interference by monopolies . </P> <P> When John Quincy Adams became Secretary of State in 1817 , one of his highest priorities was to negotiate the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase with Spain . He negotiated with the Spanish Minister to the United States , Luis de Onis , and finally concluded Adams -- Onis Treaty , also

The Red River in Louisiana originates and terminates in

Where does the red river start and end in louisiana?

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Vidoz </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 03 ! </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rustam Saidov </Td> <Td> Uzbekistan </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 1996 2004 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Light flyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Flyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Bantamweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Featherweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Lightweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Light welterweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Welterweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Light middleweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Middleweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Light heavyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Heavyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Super heavyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The men 's super heavyweight boxing competition at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre . Being the heaviest class , super heavyweights were limited to those boxers weighing over 91 kilograms ( 200.6 pounds ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Competition format </Li> <Li> 2 Competitors </Li> <Li> 3 Schedule </Li> <Li> 4 Results </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Competition format ( edit ) </H2> <P> Like all Olympic boxing events , the competition was a straight single - elimination tournament . This event consisted of 16 boxers who have qualified for the competition through various qualifying tournaments held in 1999 and 2000 . The competition began with a preliminary round on 23 September , where the number of competitors was reduced to 8 , and concluded with the final on 1 October . Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals . </P> <P> All bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each , with one - minute breaks between rounds . Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent . Five judges scored each bout ; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score . The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout . </P> <H2> Competitors ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> ( show ) Country </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ahmed Abdel Samad </Td> <Td> Egypt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rustam Saidov </Td> <Td> Uzbekistan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Art Binkowski </Td> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Macaque </Td> <Td> Mauritius </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov </Td> <Td> Kazakhstan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Grzegorz Kiełsa </Td> <Td> Poland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alexis Rubalcaba </Td> <Td> Cuba </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cengiz Koc </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Constantin Onofrei </Td> <Td> Romania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samuel Peter </Td> <Td> Nigeria </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paolo Vidoz </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Calvin Brock </Td> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Audley Harrison </Td> <Td> Great Britain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alexei Lezin </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Angus Shelford </Td> <Td> New Zealand </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aleksey Masikin </Td> <Td> Ukraine </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Schedule ( edit ) </H2> <P> All times are Australian Time ( UTC + 10 ) </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th> Round </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saturday , September 23 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 13 : 00 & 19 : 30 </Td> <Td> Round of 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wednesday , September 27 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 13 : 00 & 19 : 30 </Td> <Td> Quarterfinals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Friday , September 29 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 19 : 30 </Td> <Td> Semifinals </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sunday , October 1 , 2000 </Td> <Td> 13 : 00 </Td> <Td> Final Bout </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Results ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Round of 16 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Quarter - finals </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Semi-finals </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Final </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Ahmed Abdel Samad ( EGY ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Rustam Saidov ( UZB ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Rustam Saidov ( UZB ) </Td> <Td> RSC </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Art Binkowski ( CAN ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Art Binkowski ( CAN ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Michael Macaque ( MRI ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Rustam Saidov ( UZB ) </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov ( KAZ ) </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov ( KAZ ) </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Grzegorz Kiełsa ( POL ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov ( KAZ ) </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Alexis Rubalcaba ( CUB ) </Td> <Td> KO </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Alexis Rubalcaba ( CUB ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Cengiz Koc ( GER ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="5"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov ( KAZ ) </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Constantin Onofrei ( ROM ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Audley Harrison ( GBR ) </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Samuel Peter ( NGR ) </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Samuel Peter ( NGR ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Paolo Vidoz ( ITA ) </Td> <Td> RSC </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Paolo Vidoz ( ITA ) </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Calvin Brock ( USA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Paolo Vidoz ( ITA ) </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Audley Harrison ( GBR ) </Td> <Td> RSC </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Audley Harrison ( GBR ) </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Alexei Lezin ( RUS ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Audley Harrison ( GBR ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td colspan="6"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Angus Shelford ( NZL ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Aleksey Masikin ( UKR ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Aleksey Masikin ( UKR ) </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Boxing at the 2000 Sydney Summer Games : Men 's Super-Heavyweight '' . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC . Retrieved 29 October 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Official Olympic Report </Li> <Li> Official Results -- Boxing </Li> <Li> Results on Amateur Boxing Archived 22 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Olympic boxing champions -- men 's super heavyweight </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1984 -- 2012 : over 91 kg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 1984 : Tyrell Biggs ( USA ) </Li> <Li> 1988 : Lennox Lewis ( CAN ) </Li> <Li> 1992 : Roberto Balado ( CUB ) </Li> <Li> 1996 : Wladimir Klitschko ( UKR ) </Li> <Li> 2000 : Audley Harrison ( GBR ) </Li> <Li> 2004 : Aleksandr Povetkin ( RUS ) </Li> <Li> 2008 : Roberto Cammarelle ( ITA ) </Li> <Li> 2012 : Anthony Joshua ( GBR ) </Li> <Li> 2016 : Tony Yoka ( FRA ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boxing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_ -- _Super_heavyweight&oldid = 781857882 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles using sports - reference citation with unnamed parameters </Li> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 May 2017 , at 17 : 01 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The winner of the super heavyweight gold medal at the 2000 Olympics was

Who won the super heavyweight gold medal at the 2000 olympics?

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a practical one , and the idea of federalism is cited as supporting federated ( regional ) identification . All legislative attempts to create a national identity card have failed due to tenacious opposition from liberal and conservative politicians alike , who regard the national identity card as the mark of a totalitarian society . </P> <P> At present , the only national photo identity documents are the passport and passport card , which are issued by the U.S. Department of State to U.S. nationals only upon voluntary application . Issuance of these documents is discretionary - that is , for various reasons , the State Department can refuse an application for a passport or passport card . </P> <P> The driver 's license , which is issued by each individual state , operates as the de facto national identity card due to the ubiquity of driving in the United States . Each state also issues a non-driver state identity card which fulfills the same identification functions as the driver 's license , but does not permit the operation of a motor vehicle . </P> <P> Social Security cards have federal jurisdiction but can not verify identity . They verify only the match between a given name and a Social Security Number ( SSN ) and were intended only for use in complying with Social Security payroll tax laws . They now are used in a wider scope of activities , such as for obtaining credit and other regulated financial services in banking and investments . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Birth certificate </Li> <Li> 2 Social Security card </Li> <Li> 3 State - issued driver 's license / ID card </Li> <Li> 4 Passport & Passport Card <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Passport card </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Department of Defense Identification Card </Li> <Li> 6 Other identity documents </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Birth certificate ( edit ) </H2> <P> The birth certificate is the initial identification document issued to parents shortly after the birth of their child . The birth certificate is typically issued by local governments , usually the city or county where a child is born . It is an important record , often called a `` feeder document , '' because it establishes U.S. citizenship through birthright citizenship , which is then used to obtain , or is the basis for , all other identity documents . By itself , the birth certificate is usually only considered proof of citizenship but not proof of identity , since it is issued without a photograph at birth , containing no identifying features . A birth certificate is normally produced along with proof of identity , such as a driver 's license or the testimony of a third party ( such as a parent ) , to establish identity or entitlement to a service . </P> <P> A child born abroad to two U.S. citizen parents , or one citizen parent and one non-citizen , also typically has citizenship from birth . Such births are registered with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate . If the embassy or consulate determines the child acquired citizenship at birth , it issues a Consular Report of Birth Abroad , also known as Form FS - 240 . A birth certificate will also be issued locally in the country where the child was born . The consular report is proof of U.S. citizenship and may be used to obtain a passport for the child and register the child for school , among other purposes . </P> <H2> Social Security card ( edit ) </H2> SSN Card with Not For Identification Purposes tagline <P> The social security card is a card issued by the Social Security Administration containing a person 's Social Security number ( SSN ) . Although it is not mandatory , in modern practice parents almost universally file for a Social Security number shortly after the birth of a child . In the absence of a national identity card ( and concordant national identity number ) , the Social Security number has become the de facto national identifier for a large variety of purposes , both governmental and non-governmental . </P> <P> The SSN was originally intended to ensure accurate reporting of a worker 's taxes towards the Social Security program . Prior to 1986 , it was common to apply for a SSN when a person was in their teens . Since 1986 , a series of decisions undertaken by the IRS have led to parents applying for their child 's SSN at birth for tax purposes . </P> <P> Because their original purpose was so limited , Social Security cards were not designed with the rigorous security measures normally expected of identity documents . They do not have a photograph or physical description of the bearer , nor are they required to be renewed . Therefore , the social security card is not usually considered proof of identity , only proof that the person named on the card holds the number indicated on the card . It is normally used in conjunction with other documents , most notably a photo ID , to prove that the person holding the card is legally present in the US and has the right to work in the US ( unless the card is marked with a restriction ) . </P> <P> Many organizations , universities , and corporations historically used SSNs to uniquely identify their customer or student populations , but have since yielded to public demand that the SSN be reserved for government and credit purposes . Instead , they assign their own unique numbers to persons at first contact and request SSNs only when absolutely necessary . Also , several states have passed laws that require such institutions to assign their own identifier numbers to individuals , and prohibit them from using the SSN as a primary key . </P> <H2> State - issued driver 's license / ID card ( edit ) </H2> <P> A driver 's license is issued by each state 's DMV , which is required to drive . Each state 's DMV also issues a nearly - identical `` non-driver identification card '' to identify persons who are unable or do not want to drive , which is typically treated like a driver 's license for all purposes , except for proving that a person has the right to drive . </P> <P> Driver 's licenses are not just used to verify driving privileges , such as in the purchase of automobile insurance or during a police traffic stop , but also serve as the primary form of identity for American adults . They are widely used by both government entities and private businesses to verify identity or age , such as in entering secure government facilities , boarding a commercial airliner , business transactions , or in the purchase of age - restricted items such as alcoholic beverages or cigarettes . Their prevalence is such that a request for identification is commonly phrased as a request to see one 's driver 's license . </P> <P> Driver 's licenses issued in any state are recognized as valid identity documents in all other states under a variety of legal principles like comity and the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution . However , if a person permanently moves to another state as a resident , state laws usually give a period of time , such as 60 days , in which a person must surrender his out - of - state license for the license of his new home state . </P> <P> Although most American adults carry their driver 's license at all times when they are outside their homes , there is typically no legal requirement that they must be carrying their license when not operating a vehicle . However , the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that states are permitted to require people to truthfully state their name when a police officer asks them ; about half of the states have enacted some variant of stop and identify statutes requiring compliance with such police inquiries . Furthermore , in some states , like California , failure to produce an identification document upon citation for any traffic infraction ( such as riding a bicycle on the wrong side of a street ) is sufficient justification for full custodial arrest . </P> <P> Previous to 2005 , each state designed their own driver 's license according to their own standards . In 2005 , the U.S. Congress passed a controversial bill known as the REAL ID Act which established uniform standards for the design and content of state driver 's licenses and delegated authority to the Department of Homeland Security to implement and regulate compliance with the Act . One of the more - controversial aspects of the Act was that it requires all the underlying state databases be linked into a single national database . </P> <H2> Passport & passport card ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : United States passport and Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative <P> United States passports are issued by the U.S. Department of State . Applications for passports are most often filed at United States Postal Service offices or local county or municipal clerk 's offices . For many years , passports were not required for U.S. citizens to re-enter from countries near the United States ( including Canada , Mexico , Bermuda , and most Caribbean and Central American nations . ) In light of this , and given the country 's immense size and the great distances which the average citizen lives from an international border , passport possession in the United States had remained relatively low . Indeed , most Americans normally did not obtain passports or carry them regularly unless traveling abroad , and as of 2006 , only 60 million ( 20 % of Americans ) had passports . As of 2011 , approximately 37 % of Americans have passports or passport cards . </P> <P> However , in response to recommendations in the 9 / 11 Commission Report , the U.S. Department of Homeland Security now requires proof of citizenship for people entering the United States from neighboring countries . This requirement is known as the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative , and was implemented in stages : </P> <Ul> <Li> On January 23 , 2007 , a passport , U.S. Coast Guard Merchant Mariner 's Document , or NEXUS card became mandatory when re-entering from those locations when traveling by air , with a few exceptions . </Li> <Li> On January 31 , 2008 , officers at land and sea ports of entry stopped taking oral declarations of citizenship from travelers ; all individuals entering the U.S. are now required to present documentary proof of identity and citizenship . </Li> <Li> Beginning July 1 , 2009 , people entering the United States by land or sea must present a passport , passport card , or other document proving citizenship or permanent resident status . </Li> </Ul> <P> By law , an unexpired U.S. passport ( or passport card ) is conclusive proof of U.S. citizenship and has the same force and effect as proof of United States citizenship as certificates of naturalization or of citizenship , if issued to a U.S. citizen for the full period allowed by law . </P> <H3> Passport card ( edit ) </H3> United States of America Passport Card ( Front ) United States of America Passport Card ( Back ) <P> The main purpose of the U.S. passport card is to provide a more convenient wallet - sized identity and travel document for citizens who want to carry an official federal ID and for those who live near a land border . It can be used for land and sea travel between the U.S. and Canada , Mexico , the Caribbean and Bermuda but can not be used for other countries or for international air travel . Other than these travel limitations , the passport card carries the same rights and privileges as the passport book . The passport

You can obtain a state-issued ID at

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WhatsApp - Wikipedia <H1> WhatsApp </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article 's neutral point of view of the subject . Please integrate the section 's contents into the article as a whole , or rewrite the material . ( April 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> WhatsApp Messenger <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Facebook </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Initial release </Th> <Td> January 2009 ; 8 years ago ( 2009 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Stable release ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> iOS </Th> <Td> 2.17. 52 / September 24 , 2017 ; 33 days ago ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Android </Th> <Td> 2.17. 351 / October 2 , 2017 ; 25 days ago ( 2017 - 10 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Windows Phone 8 , Windows 10 Mobile </Th> <Td> 2.17. 262 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Symbian </Th> <Td> 2.16. 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> BlackBerry </Th> <Td> 2.17. 2 / June 26 , 2016 ; 15 months ago ( 2016 - 06 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Preview release ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Android </Th> <Td> 2.17. 400 / October 26 , 2017 ; 1 day ago ( 2017 - 10 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Windows Phone 8 , Windows 10 Mobile </Th> <Td> 2.17. 280 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Development status </Th> <Td> Active </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written in </Th> <Td> Erlang </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operating system </Th> <Td> Cross-platform </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Available in </Th> <Td> Multilingual </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Instant messaging and social media </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> License </Th> <Td> Freeware , proprietary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alexa rank </Th> <Td> 72 ( October 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.whatsapp.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> WhatsApp Inc . <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of business </Th> <Td> Subsidiary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> February 24 , 2009 ; 8 years ago ( 2009 - 02 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Mountain View , California , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jan Koum </Li> <Li> Brian Acton </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> CEO </Th> <Td> Jan Koum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Employees </Th> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent </Th> <Td> Facebook </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> whatsapp.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) WhatsApp Timeline </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Feb 4 , 2009 </Th> <Td> Jan Koum incorporates WhatsApp in California . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Oct 2009 </Th> <Td> Brian Acton persuades five ex-Yahoo ! friends to invest $250,000 in seed funding , and is granted co-founder status . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aug 2009 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp 2.0 is released on the App Store for the iPhone . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dec 2009 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp for the iPhone is updated to send photos . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aug 2010 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp support for Android OS is added . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jan 21 , 2011 </Th> <Td> WeChat , a messenger app , is founded . It eventually becomes very popular in China . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Apr 2011 </Th> <Td> In Series A round , WhatsApp founders agree to take $7 million from Sequoia Capital on top of their $250,000 seed funding , after months of negotiation with Sequoia partner Jim Goetz . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> May 2011 </Th> <Td> SnapChat , a competing photo messaging app , is founded . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jan 6 , 2012 </Th> <Td> An unknown hacker publishes a website that makes it possible to change the status of an arbitrary WhatsApp user , as long as the phone number was known . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aug 2012 </Th> <Td> The WhatsApp support staff announce that messages were encrypted in the `` latest version '' of the WhatsApp software for iOS and Android ( but not BlackBerry , Windows Phone , and Symbian ) , without specifying the cryptographic method . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Feb 2013 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp 's user base swells to about 200 million active users and its staff to 50 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jul 2013 </Th> <Td> Sequoia invests another $50 million in Series B round , valuing WhatsApp at $1.5 billion . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jul 16 , 2013 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp goes free , with an annual subscription fee of $1 after the first year . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aug 2013 </Th> <Td> Telegram , a cloud - based instant messaging service , launches . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aug 2013 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp introduces voice messaging . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Feb 19 , 2014 </Th> <Td> Facebook announces its acquisition of WhatsApp for US $19 billion , its largest acquisition to date . Facebook pays $4 billion in cash , $12 billion in Facebook shares , and an additional $3 billion in restricted stock units granted to WhatsApp 's founders . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mar 2014 </Th> <Td> Someone discovers a vulnerability in WhatsApp encryption on the Android application that allows another app to access and read all of a user 's chat conversations within it . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nov 2014 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp introduces a feature named Read Receipts , which alerts senders when their messages are read by recipients . Within a week , WhatsApp introduces an update allowing users to disable this feature so that message recipients do not send acknowledgements . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jan 21 , 2015 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp launches WhatsApp Web , a web client which can be used through a web browser by syncing with the mobile device 's connection . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jan 21 , 2015 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp announces its policy on cracking down on 3rd - party clients , including WhatsApp+ . Users would not be able to use WhatsApp 's services at all until the third - party apps are uninstalled . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dec 2015 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp is briefly shut down in Brazil after it refuses to place wiretaps on certain WhatsApp accounts . It is shut down in Brazil again on May 2016 and in July 2016 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jan 18 , 2016 </Th> <Td> Jan Koum announces that WhatsApp will no longer charge its users a $1 annual subscription fee . There is still no clear plan for monetizing WhatsApp . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mar 2016 </Th> <Td> Diego Dzodan , a Facebook executive , is arrested by Brazilian federal police after Facebook fails to turn over information from his WhatsApp messaging account into a judge 's request for a drug trafficking investigation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mar 2 , 2016 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp introduces its document - sharing feature , initially allowing users to share PDF files with their contacts . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Apr 5 , 2016 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp and Open Whisper Systems announce that they finish adding end - to - end encryption to `` every form of communication '' on WhatsApp , and that users could now verify each other 's keys . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> May 10 , 2016 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp is introduced for both Windows and Mac operating systems . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sep 5 , 2017 </Th> <Td> WhatsApp started external testing of an enterprise platform which enables companies to provide customer service to users at scale . Airline KLM launches such a service . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Messaging with WhatsApp <P> WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware and cross-platform instant messaging service for smartphones . It uses the Internet to make voice calls , one to one video calls ; send text messages , images , GIF , videos , documents , user location , audio files , phone contacts and voice notes using standard cellular mobile numbers . Originally users could only communicate with other users individually or in groups of individual users , but in September 2017 WhatsApp announced a forthcoming business platform which will enable companies to provide customer service to users at scale . All data are end - to - end encrypted . It also incorporates a feature called Status , which allows users to upload photos and videos to a 24 - hours - lifetime feed that , by default , are visible to all contacts , similar to Snapchat , Facebook and Instagram Stories . </P> <P> The client was created by WhatsApp Inc. , based in Mountain View , California , which was acquired by Facebook in February 2014 for approximately US $ 19.3 billion . By February 2016 , WhatsApp had a user base of over one billion , making it the most popular messaging application at the time . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 2009 -- 2014 </Li> <Li> 1.2 Facebook subsidiary ( 2014 -- present ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recent ( 2016 - present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Client markets </Li> <Li> 3 Platform support <Ul> <Li> 3.1 WhatsApp Web </Li> <Li> 3.2 Windows and Mac </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Technical <Ul> <Li> 4.1 End - to - end encryption </Li> <Li> 4.2 WhatsApp Payments </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception and criticism <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Security and privacy </Li> <Li> 5.2 Business model </Li> <Li> 5.3 Terrorism </Li> <Li> 5.4 Scams </Li> <Li> 5.5 Bans <Ul> <Li> 5.5. 1 China </Li> <Li> 5.5. 2 Iran </Li> <Li> 5.5. 3 Turkey </Li> <Li> 5.5. 4 Brazil </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 User statistics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Users in India </Li> <Li> 6.2 Competition </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History </H2> Further information : Timeline of WhatsApp <H3> 2009 -- 2014 </H3> <P> WhatsApp , was incorporated in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum , both former employees of Yahoo !. After Koum and Acton left Yahoo ! in September 2007 , the duo traveled to South America as a break from work . At one point they applied for jobs at Facebook but were rejected . For the rest of the following years Koum relied on his $400,000 savings from Yahoo !. In January 2009 , after purchasing an iPhone and realizing that the App Store would soon create an industry of apps , Koum started visiting his friend Alex Fishman in West San Jose where the three would discuss `` ... having statuses next to individual names of the people '' , but this was not possible without an iPhone developer . Fishman found a Russian developer on RentACoder.com , Igor Solomennikov , and introduced him to Koum . Koum named the app `` WhatsApp '' to sound like `` what 's up '' . On February 24 , 2009 , he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California . However , because early versions of WhatsApp often crashed or got stuck at a particular point , Koum felt like giving up and looking for a new job , upon which Acton encouraged him to wait for a `` few more months '' . </P> <P> In June 2009 , Apple launched push notifications , allowing users to be pinged when they were not using an app . Koum changed WhatsApp so that when a user 's status is changed , everyone in the user 's network would be notified . WhatsApp 2.0 was released with a messaging component and the number of active users suddenly increased to 250,000 . Acton was still unemployed and managing another startup , and he decided to join the company . In

The CEO of WhatsApp is

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Ventricular system - wikipedia <H1> Ventricular system </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ventricular system </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The ventricular system accounts for the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Rotating 3D rendering of the four ventricles and connections . From top to bottom : Blue - Lateral ventricles Cyan - Interventricular foramina ( Monro ) Yellow - Third ventricle Red - Cerebral aqueduct ( Sylvius ) Purple - fourth ventricle Green - continuous with the central canal ( Apertures to subarachnoid space are not visible ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Latin </Th> <Td> Ventriculi cerebri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MeSH </Th> <Td> D002552 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NeuroNames </Th> <Td> 2497 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> FMA </Th> <Td> 78447 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities ( ventricles ) in the brain , where the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) is produced . Within each ventricle is a region of choroid plexus , a network of ependymal cells involved in the production of CSF . The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord ( from the fourth ventricle ) allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate . All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma , a specialised form of epithelium . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Structure <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Ventricles </Li> <Li> 1.2 Development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Function <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Flow of cerebrospinal fluid </Li> <Li> 2.2 Protection of the brain </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Clinical significance </Li> <Li> 4 Additional images </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> Rotating 3D rendering of the four ventricles . <P> The system comprises four ventricles : </P> <Ul> <Li> lateral ventricles right and left ( one for each hemisphere ) </Li> <Li> third ventricle </Li> <Li> fourth ventricle </Li> </Ul> <P> There are several foramina , openings acting as channels , that connect the ventricles . The interventricular foramina ( also called the foramina of Monro ) connect the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through which the cerebrospinal fluid can flow . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Name </Td> <Td> From </Td> <Td> To </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> interventricular foramina ( Monro ) </Td> <Td> lateral ventricles </Td> <Td> third ventricle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> cerebral aqueduct ( Sylvius ) </Td> <Td> third ventricle </Td> <Td> fourth ventricle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> median aperture ( Magendie ) </Td> <Td> fourth ventricle </Td> <Td> subarachnoid space via the cisterna magna </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> right and left lateral aperture ( Luschka ) </Td> <Td> fourth ventricle </Td> <Td> subarachnoid space via the cistern of great cerebral vein </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Ventricles ( edit ) </H3> 3D rendering of ventricles ( lateral and anterior views ) . <P> The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles . The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum ; the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus ; and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain . The ventricles are concerned with the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid </P> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> The structures of the ventricular system are embryologically derived from the neural canal , the centre of the neural tube . </P> <P> As the part of the primitive neural tube that will develop into the brainstem , the neural canal expands dorsally and laterally , creating the fourth ventricle , whereas the neural canal that does not expand and remains the same at the level of the midbrain superior to the fourth ventricle forms the cerebral aqueduct . The fourth ventricle narrows at the obex ( in the caudal medulla ) , to become the central canal of the spinal cord . </P> <P> In more detail , around the third week of development , the embryo is a three - layered disc . The embryo is covered on the dorsal surface by a layer of cells called ectoderm . In the middle of the dorsal surface of the embryo is a linear structure called the notochord . As the ectoderm proliferates , the notochord is dragged into the middle of the developing embryo . The notochord becomes a canal within the embryo known as the neural canal . </P> <P> As the brain develops , by the fourth week of embryological development several swellings have formed within the embryo around the canal , near where the head will develop . These swellings represent different components of the central nervous system , and are three in number : the prosencephalon , mesencephalon and rhombencephalon . These in turn divide into five sections . As these sections develop around the neural canal , the inner neural canal becomes known as primitive ventricles . These form the ventricular system of the brain : The neural stem cells of the developing brain , principally radial glial cells , line the developing ventricular system in a transient zone called the ventricular zone . </P> <Ul> <Li> The prosencephalon divides into the telencephalon , which forms the cortex of the developed brain , and the diencephalon . The ventricles contained within the telencephalon become the lateral ventricles , and the ventricles within the diencephalon become the third ventricle . </Li> <Li> The rhombencephalon divides into a metencephalon and myelencephalon . The ventricles contained within the rhombencephalon become the fourth ventricle , and the ventricles contained within the mesencephalon become the aqueduct of Sylvius . </Li> </Ul> <P> Separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles is the septum pellucidum : a thin , triangular , vertical membrane which runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix . During the third month of fetal development , a space forms between two septal laminae , known as the cave of septum pellucidum ( CSP ) , which is a marker for fetal neural maldevelopment . During the fifth month of development , the laminae start to close and this closure completes from about three to six months after birth . Fusion of the septal laminae is attributed to rapid development of the alvei of the hippocampus , amygdala , septal nuclei , fornix , corpus callosum and other midline structures . Lack of such limbic development interrupts this posterior - to - anterior fusion , resulting in the continuation of the CSP into adulthood . </P> <H2> Function ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Flow of cerebrospinal fluid ( edit ) </H3> MRI showing flow of CSF The cerebrospinal fluid passes out through arachnoid villi into the venous sinuses of the skull . A schematic illustration of the venous sinuses surrounding the brain . <P> The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines . CSF is produced by modified ependymal cells of the choroid plexus found in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct and the posterior and anterior horns of the lateral ventricles . CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina into the third ventricle , and then the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the brainstem . From the fourth ventricle it can pass into the central canal of the spinal cord or into the subarachnoid cisterns via three small foramina : the central median aperture and the two lateral apertures . </P> <P> The fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations ( or arachnoid villi ) into the venous sinuses , after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system . CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed . </P> <P> The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small , as are the foramina , which means that they can be easily blocked . </P> <H3> Protection of the brain ( edit ) </H3> <P> The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges , the three protective membranes of the tough dura mater , the arachnoid mater and the pia mater . The cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) within the skull and spine provides further protection and also buoyancy , and is found in the subarachnoid space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater . </P> <P> The CSF that is produced in the ventricular system is also necessary for chemical stability , and the provision of nutrients needed by the brain . The CSF helps to protect the brain from jolts and knocks to the head and also provides buoyancy and support to the brain against gravity . ( Since the brain and CSF are similar in density , the brain floats in neutral buoyancy , suspended in the CSF . ) This allows the brain to grow in size and weight without resting on the floor of the cranium , which would destroy nervous tissue . </P> <H2> Clinical significance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The narrowness of the cerebral aqueduct and foramina means that they can become blocked , for example , by blood following a hemorrhagic stroke . As cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles , a blockage of outflow leads to increasingly high pressure in the lateral ventricles . As a consequence , this commonly leads in turn to hydrocephalus . Medically one would call this post-haemorrhagic acquired hydrocephalus , but is often referred to colloquially by the layperson as `` water on the brain '' . This is an extremely serious condition regardless of the cause of blockage . An endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle using an endoscope placed within the ventricular system through a burr hole . This allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow directly to the basal cisterns , thereby bypassing any obstruction . A surgical procedure to make an entry hole to access any of the ventricles is called a ventriculostomy . This is done to drain accumulated cerebrospinal fluid either through a temporary catheter or a permanent shunt . </P> <P> Other diseases of the ventricular system include inflammation of the membranes ( meningitis ) or of the ventricles ( ventriculitis ) caused by infection or the introduction of blood following trauma or haemorrhage ( cerebral haemorrhage or subarachnoid haemorrhage ) . </P> <P> During embryogenesis in the choroid plexus of the ventricles , choroid plexus cysts can form . </P> <P> The scientific study of CT scans of the ventricles in the late 1970s gave new insight into the study of mental disorders . Researchers found that individuals with schizophrenia had ( in terms of group averages ) larger than usual ventricles . This became the first `` evidence '' that schizophrenia was biological in origin and led to a renewed interest in its study via the use of imaging techniques . Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) has superseded the use of CT in research in the role of detecting ventricular abnormalities in psychiatric illness . </P> <P> Whether the enlarged ventricles is a cause or a result of schizophrenia has not yet been established . Enlarged ventricles are also found in organic dementia and have been explained largely in terms of environmental factors . They have also been found to be extremely diverse between individuals , such that the percentage difference in group averages in schizophrenia studies ( + 16 % ) has been described as `` not a very profound difference in the context of normal

When cerebrospinal fluid exits the cerebral aqueduct, it flows to the

Where does cerebrospinal fluid flow to when it exits the cerebral aqueduct?

1547647803339899015

a piece meant to raise a voice among the elite intellectuals of Kolkata so that the farmers revolt will be integrated with the urban thinkers . Unlike the Sepoy Revolt , the Indigo revolt is effectively a revolt integrating the whole population of Bengalis with no distance kept between the several classes of society , which can be attributed to the effort by Mitra and Rev. James Long and Michael Madhusudan Dutt . </P> <P> Indian literature has a long - standing tradition of drama writing . Almost for a millennium the only form of literature other than odes was drama . The distinction of the genre of Sanskrit Drama by the luminaries like Kalidasa were strong enough to keep the millions absorbed for centuries . But it was coming at a dwan by the mid 1800 in Bengal where the Bengal Renaissance say the rise in western education and ideas , and therefore the styles of new forms of literature were seeping in . For example , Ram Narayan Tarkaratna ( 1823 -- 1885 ) had already left the Sanskrit tradition and started writing about social realism . The drama is markedly different from the earlier dramas of that period , notably the first modern drama written in Bengali by Ram Narayan still had the old sadhu bhasa the artificial sanskritised dialect of modern Bengali as the writing medium . </P> <P> The characters in the drama are the villagers and the indigo planters who got the money and the law in their hand . </P> <H2> Characters ( চরিত্রসমূহ ) ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> GOKUL CHUNDER BASU , a rich farmer . ( গোলক চন্দ্র বসু , একজন সম্পন্ন চাষি ) </Li> <Li> NOBIN MADHAB , son of Gokul Chunder Basu . ( নবীন মাধব , গোলক বসুর বড় ছেলে ) </Li> <Li> BINDU MADHAB , son of Gokul Chunder Basu . ( বিন্দু মাধব , গোলক বসুর ছোট ছেলে ) </Li> <Li> SADHU CHURN , a neighbouring Ryot . ( সাধু চরণ , গোলকের প্রতিবেশি রাইয়ত ) </Li> <Li> RAY CHURN , Sadhu'a brother . ( রাই চরণ , সাধু চরণের ছোট ভাই ) </Li> <Li> Gopi Nath , The Dewan . ( গোপীনাথ , নীলকরের দেওয়ান ) </Li> <Li> Torap , A heroic figure. ( তোরাপ , একজন প্রতিবাদী চরিত্র ) </Li> <Li> Indigo Planters . নীলকর : </Li> <Li> J.J. WOOD . ( জ়ে জ়ে ঊড , প্রধান নীলকর ) </Li> <Li> P.P. ROSE J. ( পি পি রোগ , উডের ছেলে ) </Li> <Li> THE AJVIIN OR LAND MEASURER . ( জমির পরিমাপকারী ) </Li> <Li> AMIN KHALASI , a Tent - pitcher . ( আমিন খালাসী , নীল সংগ্রাহক ) </Li> <Li> TAIDGIR Native Superintendent of Indigo Cultivation . </Li> <Li> Magistrate , Amla , Attorney , Deputy Inspector , pundit , Keeper of the Gaol , Doctor , a Cow - keeper , a Native Doctor , Four Boys , a Latyal or Club - man , and a Herdsman . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> WOMEN ( মহিলা চরিত্রসমূহ ) </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> SABITRI Wife of Gokul Chunder . ( সাবিত্রী , গোলক বসুর স্ত্রী ) </Li> <Li> SOIRINDRI , Wife of Nobin . ( সৌরিন্দ্রী , নবীন মাধবের স্ত্রী ) </Li> <Li> SARALOTA Wife of Bindu Madhab . ( সরলতা , বিন্দু মাধবের স্ত্রী ) </Li> <Li> REBOTI Wife of Sadhu Churn . ( রেবতী , সাধু চরণের স্ত্রী ) </Li> <Li> KHETROMANI Daughter of Sadhu + Reboti . ( ক্ষেত্রমনি , সাধুচরণ ও রেবতীর মেয়ে ) </Li> <Li> ADURI Maid - servant in Gokul Chunder 's house . ( আদুরি , গোলকের বাড়ির কাজের মেয়ে ) </Li> <Li> PODI MOYRANI A Sweetmeat Maker . ( পদী ময়রানী , বিনোদনকারিনী , রোগ সাহেবের সহচরী ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The legacy of black humor in the play is well shared by contemporary dramatists like Michael Madhusudan Dutt and Girish Chandra Ghosh . It was also important in development of the chalit bhasa , or colloquial dialect , which is free of the Sanskrit influenced Sadhu bhasa . </P> <H2> The trial of Nil Durpan ( edit ) </H2> <P> The proceedings of the trial of Reverend Mr. James Long first appeared in the second Edition ( India ) of the English version of the play , Nil Durpan ( transcribed as Neel Darpan or Nil Darpan ) . It included all the relevant documents and comments of the Indian and British Newspapers . It was published in 1903 by Messers A.N. ANDINI and Co. , Calcutta . Mr. Kumud Bihari Bose compiled it under the title : The Trial of the Rev. James Long and the Drama of Nil Durpan with `` Indigo Planters and all about them '' as a sub title . The play , Nil Durpan , dealt with the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal , Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the different classes of the society and between the different sections of the Government as well . </P> <H2> Background of the trial of the play Nil Darpan ( edit ) </H2> <P> James Long believed that the British mercantile community and even the Government unjustly and oppressively treated the Indigo cultivators . His view concurred with Dinabandhu Mitra who expressed his sentiments in a play entitled Nil Darpan ( the original Bengali play was written by him ) and published anonymously from Dhaka in 1860 . Mitra sent Long a copy of the play as early as 1861 . Long brought it to the notice of W. S Seton - Karr , Secretary to the Governor of Bengal and ex-President of the Indigo Commission . Seton - Karr , sensing its importance , mentioned Nil Durpan in conversation with the Lieutenant Governor , Grant. Grant expressed a wish to see a translation of it and print a few copies to be circulated privately amongst friends . After the discussion , Seton - Karr asked Long to arrange for a translation of the play in English . Michael Madhusudan Dutta translated it under the supervision of Long . Long as the editor cut out some coarse passages and wrote a short prefatory note for the play . When the translation was complete , Seton - Karr ordered printing of five hundred copies in lieu of Grant 's wish of a few copies . Then Long sent the translated manuscripts to Clement Henry Manuel , the proprietor of the Calcutta Printing and Publishing Press to print five hundred copies and the cost came to around Rs. 300 . It was published in April or May 1861 . Unknown to the Lieutenant Governor , Long began sending out the copies in official Government envelopes that had the heading : `` on her Majesty 's Service '' . The translation revealed the nature of the oppression against the indigo planters . It naturally offended the establishment of the play so much that a razing propaganda was started by the Anglo - Indian Press against the publisher and the translator . One of the leading newspapers named The Englishmen and some indigo planters instituted a libel suit against Long and the printer - C.H. Manuel . The words mentioned in Long 's Introduction to the play stated that what was presented in it was `` plain but true '' . This was subsequently used by the planters in their prosecution of Long for publishing defamatory statements . </P> <P> Counsel ( acting on Long 's advice ) named Long as the one responsible as Long had given Manuel a copy of the play for publication . </P> <P> The planters filed for only nominal damages even as they had decided to prosecute Long for libel in a criminal suit . </P> <P> Friday , 19 July 1861 was fixed as the first date for the trial and it lasted from then to 24 July , at the Calcutta Supreme Court . It was regarded as the first of the `` state trial of India under the Empire '' . Mr. Peterson and Mr. Cowie were prosecuted . Mr. Eglinton and Mr. Newmarch appeared on behalf of the defendant . Sir Mordunt Wells presided as the Judge . </P> <P> It is true that it becomes difficult to censor any literary work when it becomes so available in the public domain . That is why it became very urgent to find out the list of people who had the books after its printing . The issue of finding out the list was the concern for the first day of trial on 19 July 1861 . The list given in at the trial contained the number of copies that had been issued was said to be two hundred and two . </P> <P> The agenda for the days of 20 to 24 July was to justify the two counts brought against James Long . The first count referred to a libel or the supposed libel against the two leading newspapers named the Englishman and Hurkaru published from the city of Kolkata . These two papers were alluded to in the preface of the play , Nil Durpan : </P> <P> The Editors of two daily newspapers are filling their columns with your praises ; and whatever other people may think , you never enjoy pleasure from it , since you know fully the reason of their so doing . What surprising power of attraction silver has ! The detestable Judas gave the great preacher of the Christian religion , Jesus and others , into the hands of Odious Pilate for the sake of thirty rupees ; what wonder then , if the proprietors of two newspapers , becoming enslaved by the hope of gaining one thousand rupees , throw the poor helpless of this land into the terrible grasp of your mouths . Being aggrieved , Mr. Brett , the managing proprietor and formerly joint editor of the Englishman , brought a criminal prosecution against James Long . He claimed that the implied meanings of the allusions were defamatory because the extract symbolises , they wrote for reward from the indigo planters and not otherwise . </P> <P> The second count which concerned the interests of the society at large was the alleged libel against that portion of the community called as the indigo planters of Lower Bengal . </P> <P> Sir Mordunt Wells accused Long of slandering the European women in the Nil Durpan the question of shame was brought up through the episode of a woman riding on horseback with Magistrate of Zillah through the village ) as well as injuring the reputation of every European in the country by calling Planter or Civilian or Soldier. The fictitious characters named Mr. Wood and Mr. Rose in the play represent the indigo planters . This also became a reason for attacking Long . </P> <H2> Bibliography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dinabandhu Mitra : Nil Durpan or the Indigo Planting Mirror , translated by Michael Madhusudan Dutt , edited by Sudhi Pradhan and Sailesh Sen Gupta ( Calcutta : Paschimbanga Natya Academy , 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Geoffrey A. Oddie , chapter Eight , The Aftermath : Nil Durpan , Trial and Imprisonment , Missionaries , Rebellion and Proto - Nationalism : James Long of Bengal 1814 -- 87 ( London : Routledge , 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Nurul Hossain Choudhury , `` James Rev. Long '' , Banglapedia . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Nildarpan ( play by Mitra ) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Internet Archive : Details : Nil darpan , or , The indigo planting mirror : a drama </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Бенгальская литература / / Литературная энциклопедия . Т. 1 . -- 1930 ( текст ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ i . Editorial note to Nil Durpan , ed . Sudhi Pradhan , p. ii </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Oddie , p. 119 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ See to the `` Preface '' of Nil Durpan , by James Long ,

The play "Neel Darpan" was translated into English by

Who translated the play neel darpan into english?

6299363353334329511

Federal unemployment tax Act - wikipedia <H1> Federal unemployment tax Act </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Taxation in the United States of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal taxation ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Alternative minimum tax </Li> <Li> Capital gains tax </Li> <Li> Corporate tax </Li> <Li> Estate tax </Li> <Li> Excise tax </Li> <Li> Gift tax </Li> <Li> Income tax </Li> <Li> Payroll tax </Li> <Li> Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) </Li> <Li> Internal Revenue Code ( IRC ) </Li> <Li> IRS tax forms </Li> <Li> Revenue by state </Li> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Constitutional authority </Li> <Li> Taxpayer standing </Li> <Li> Court </Li> <Li> Protest </Li> <Li> Evasion </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> State and local taxation ( show ) <Ul> <Li> State income tax </Li> <Li> Property tax </Li> <Li> Sales tax </Li> <Li> Use tax </Li> <Li> Land value tax </Li> <Li> State tax levels </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal tax reform ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Automated payment transaction tax </Li> <Li> 9 -- 9 -- 9 </Li> <Li> Competitive Tax Plan </Li> <Li> Efficient Taxation of Income </Li> <Li> FairTax </Li> <Li> Flat tax </Li> <Li> Hall -- Rabushka flat tax </Li> <Li> Kemp Commission </Li> <Li> Taxpayer Choice Act </Li> <Li> USA Tax </Li> <Li> Value added tax </Li> <Li> Border - adjustment tax </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Federal Unemployment Tax Act ( or FUTA , I.R.C. ch. 23 ) is a United States federal law that imposes a federal employer tax used to help fund state workforce agencies . Employers report this tax by filing an annual Form 940 with the Internal Revenue Service . In some cases , the employer is required to pay the tax in installments during the tax year . </P> <P> FUTA covers a federal share of the costs of administering the unemployment insurance ( UI ) and job service programs in every state . In addition , FUTA pays one - half of the cost of extended unemployment benefits ( during periods of high unemployment ) and provides for a fund from which states may borrow , if necessary , to pay benefits . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Calculation of amount of tax <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Credit Reduction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Wages exempt from FUTA </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Calculation of amount of tax ( edit ) </H2> <P> Through June 30 , 2011 , the Federal Unemployment Tax Act imposed a tax of 6.2 % , which was composed of a permanent rate of 6.0 % and a temporary rate of 0.2 % , which was passed by Congress in 1976 . The temporary rate was extended many times , but it expired on June 30 , 2011 . </P> <P> Consequently , for years through 2010 and the first six months of 2011 , the FUTA imposed a 6.2 % tax ( before credits ) on the first $7,000 of gross earnings of each worker per year . Once the worker 's earnings reach $7,000 during a given year , the employer no longer pays any Federal unemployment tax for that year with respect to that worker . Certain credits are allowed with respect to state unemployment taxes paid that may reduce the effective FUTA rate to 0.8 % . </P> <P> Effective July 1 , 2011 , the rate decreased to 6.0 % . That rate may be reduced by an amount up to 5.4 % through credits for contributions to state unemployment programs under sections 3302 ( a ) and 3302 ( b ) , resulting in a minimum effective rate on and after July 1 , 2011 of 0.6 % ( 6.0 % - 5.4 % ) . </P> <H3> Credit reduction ( edit ) </H3> <P> The credit against the Federal tax may be reduced if the state has an outstanding advance ( commonly called a `` loan '' ) . When states lack the funds to pay UI benefits , they may obtain loans from the federal government . To assure that these loans are repaid , and in accordance with Title XII of the Social Security Act , the federal government is entitled to recover those monies by reducing the FUTA credit it gives to employers , which is the equivalent of an overall increase in the FUTA tax . When a state has an outstanding loan balance on January 1 for two consecutive years , and the full amount of the loan is not repaid by November 10 of the second year , the FUTA credit will be reduced until the loan is repaid . This process is commonly called FUTA Credit Reduction and was designed as an involuntary repayment mechanism . The reduction schedule is 0.3 % for the first year and an additional 0.3 % for each succeeding year until the loan is repaid . From the third year onward , there may be additional reduction ( s ) in the FUTA tax credit ( commonly dubbed `` add - ons '' ) . For example , for taxable years 2012 and 2013 , Virgin Islands had a `` 2.7 add - on '' when its tax rate on total wages was below a national minimum . For taxable year 2014 , Connecticut had a `` BCR add - on '' when its tax rate on the taxable portion of covered wages in the previous calendar year is less than the 5 - year benefit cost ratio applicable for the taxable year . </P> <P> Based on their loan status on November 10 , 2016 , California and Virgin Islands are the only two states / jurisdiction that will receive reduced FUTA Credit for taxable year 2016 . Employers in these states will pay extra FUTA taxes that are effective retroactively to January 1 , 2016 . </P> <P> Below is a list of FUTA Credit Reduction states for taxable year 2009 through 2016 , and their respective reduction amounts ( in % ) : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State or District </Th> <Th> 2009 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> 2011 </Th> <Th> 2012 </Th> <Th> 2013 </Th> <Th> 2014 </Th> <Th> 2015 </Th> <Th> 2016 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arkansas </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> California </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Connecticut </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.7 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Delaware </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nevada </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rhode Island </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vermont </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Virgin Islands </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.2 </Td> <Td> 1.5 </Td> <Td> 1.8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> 0.3 </Td> <Td> 0.6 </Td> <Td> 0.9 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Wages exempt from FUTA ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following wages are exempt from Federal Unemployment Tax Act payments : </P> <Ol> <Li> Wages for services performed outside the United States . </Li> <Li> Wages paid to a deceased employee or a deceased employee 's estate in any year after the year of the employee 's death . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by a parent to a child under age 21 , paid by a child to a parent , or paid by one spouse to the other spouse . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by a foreign government or international organization . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by a state or local government or by the United States federal government . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by a hospital to interns . </Li> <Li> Wages paid to newspaper carriers under age 18 . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by a school to a student of the school . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by an organized seasonal camp to a full - time student who worked fewer than 13 calendar weeks during the calendar year . </Li> <Li> Wages paid by non-profit organizations . </Li> </Ol> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Surtax </Li> <Li> Unemployment Trust Fund </Li> </Ul> <H2>

Under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, unemployment taxes are paid by

Under the federal unemployment tax act which party pays unemployment taxes?

8188550931836037275

Thin film - wikipedia <H1> Thin film </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer ( monolayer ) to several micrometers in thickness . The controlled synthesis of materials as thin films ( a process referred to as deposition ) is a fundamental step in many applications . A familiar example is the household mirror , which typically has a thin metal coating on the back of a sheet of glass to form a reflective interface . The process of silvering was once commonly used to produce mirrors , while more recently the metal layer is deposited using techniques such as sputtering . Advances in thin film deposition techniques during the 20th century have enabled a wide range of technological breakthroughs in areas such as magnetic recording media , electronic semiconductor devices , LEDs , optical coatings ( such as antireflective coatings ) , hard coatings on cutting tools , and for both energy generation ( e.g. thin - film solar cells ) and storage ( thin - film batteries ) . It is also being applied to pharmaceuticals , via thin - film drug delivery . A stack of thin films is called a multilayer . </P> <P> In addition to their applied interest , thin films play an important role in the development and study of materials with new and unique properties . Examples include multiferroic materials , and superlattices that allow the study of quantum confinement by creating two - dimensional electron states . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Deposition <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Chemical deposition </Li> <Li> 1.2 Physical deposition </Li> <Li> 1.3 Growth modes </Li> <Li> 1.4 Epitaxy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Applications <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Decorative coatings </Li> <Li> 2.2 Optical coatings </Li> <Li> 2.3 Protective coatings </Li> <Li> 2.4 Electrically operating coatings </Li> <Li> 2.5 Thin - film photovoltaic cells </Li> <Li> 2.6 Thin - film batteries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Textbooks </Li> <Li> 5.2 Historical </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Deposition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The act of applying a thin film to a surface is thin - film deposition -- any technique for depositing a thin film of material onto a substrate or onto previously deposited layers . `` Thin '' is a relative term , but most deposition techniques control layer thickness within a few tens of nanometres . Molecular beam epitaxy , Langmuir - Blodgett method and atomic layer deposition allow a single layer of atoms or molecules to be deposited at a time . </P> <P> It is useful in the manufacture of optics ( for reflective , anti-reflective coatings or self - cleaning glass , for instance ) , electronics ( layers of insulators , semiconductors , and conductors form integrated circuits ) , packaging ( i.e. , aluminium - coated PET film ) , and in contemporary art ( see the work of Larry Bell ) . Similar processes are sometimes used where thickness is not important : for instance , the purification of copper by electroplating , and the deposition of silicon and enriched uranium by a CVD - like process after gas - phase processing . </P> <P> Deposition techniques fall into two broad categories , depending on whether the process is primarily chemical or physical . </P> <H3> Chemical deposition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Here , a fluid precursor undergoes a chemical change at a solid surface , leaving a solid layer . An everyday example is the formation of soot on a cool object when it is placed inside a flame . Since the fluid surrounds the solid object , deposition happens on every surface , with little regard to direction ; thin films from chemical deposition techniques tend to be conformal , rather than directional . </P> <P> Chemical deposition is further categorized by the phase of the precursor : </P> <P> Plating relies on liquid precursors , often a solution of water with a salt of the metal to be deposited . Some plating processes are driven entirely by reagents in the solution ( usually for noble metals ) , but by far the most commercially important process is electroplating . It was not commonly used in semiconductor processing for many years , but has seen a resurgence with more widespread use of chemical - mechanical polishing techniques . </P> <P> Chemical solution deposition ( CSD ) or chemical bath deposition ( CBD ) uses a liquid precursor , usually a solution of organometallic powders dissolved in an organic solvent . This is a relatively inexpensive , simple thin - film process that produces stoichiometrically accurate crystalline phases . This technique is also known as the sol - gel method because the ' sol ' ( or solution ) gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel - like diphasic system . </P> <P> Langmuir - Blodgett method uses molecules floating on top of an aqueous subphase . The packing density of molecules is controlled , and the packed monolayer is transferred on a solid substrate by controlled withdrawal of the solid substrate from the subphase . This allows creating thin films of various molecules such as nanoparticles , polymers and lipids with controlled particle packing density and layer thickness . </P> <P> Spin coating or spin casting , uses a liquid precursor , or sol - gel precursor deposited onto a smooth , flat substrate which is subsequently spun at a high velocity to centrifugally spread the solution over the substrate . The speed at which the solution is spun and the viscosity of the sol determine the ultimate thickness of the deposited film . Repeated depositions can be carried out to increase the thickness of films as desired . Thermal treatment is often carried out in order to crystallize the amorphous spin coated film . Such crystalline films can exhibit certain preferred orientations after crystallization on single crystal substrates . </P> <P> Dip coating is similar to spin coating in that a liquid precursor or sol - gel precursor is deposited on a substrate , but in this case the substrate is completely submerged in the solution and then withdrawn under controlled conditions . By controlling the withdrawal speed , the evaporation conditions ( principally the humidity , temperature ) and the volatility / viscosity of the solvent , the film thickness , homogeneity and nanoscopic morphology are controlled . There are two evaporation regimes : the capillary zone at very low withdrawal speeds , and the draining zone at faster evaporation speeds . </P> <P> Chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) generally uses a gas - phase precursor , often a halide or hydride of the element to be deposited . In the case of MOCVD , an organometallic gas is used . Commercial techniques often use very low pressures of precursor gas . </P> <P> Plasma enhanced CVD ( PECVD ) uses an ionized vapor , or plasma , as a precursor . Unlike the soot example above , commercial PECVD relies on electromagnetic means ( electric current , microwave excitation ) , rather than a chemical - reaction , to produce a plasma . </P> <P> Atomic layer deposition ( ALD ) uses gaseous precursor to deposit conformal thin films one layer at a time . The process is split up into two half reactions , run in sequence and repeated for each layer , in order to ensure total layer saturation before beginning the next layer . Therefore , one reactant is deposited first , and then the second reactant is deposited , during which a chemical reaction occurs on the substrate , forming the desired composition . As a result of the stepwise , the process is slower than CVD , however it can be run at low temperatures , unlike CVD . </P> <H3> Physical deposition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Physical deposition uses mechanical , electromechanical or thermodynamic means to produce a thin film of solid . An everyday example is the formation of frost . Since most engineering materials are held together by relatively high energies , and chemical reactions are not used to store these energies , commercial physical deposition systems tend to require a low - pressure vapor environment to function properly ; most can be classified as physical vapor deposition ( PVD ) . </P> <P> The material to be deposited is placed in an energetic , entropic environment , so that particles of material escape its surface . Facing this source is a cooler surface which draws energy from these particles as they arrive , allowing them to form a solid layer . The whole system is kept in a vacuum deposition chamber , to allow the particles to travel as freely as possible . Since particles tend to follow a straight path , films deposited by physical means are commonly directional , rather than conformal . </P> <P> Examples of physical deposition include : A thermal evaporator that uses an electric resistance heater to melt the material and raise its vapor pressure to a useful range . This is done in a high vacuum , both to allow the vapor to reach the substrate without reacting with or scattering against other gas - phase atoms in the chamber , and reduce the incorporation of impurities from the residual gas in the vacuum chamber . Obviously , only materials with a much higher vapor pressure than the heating element can be deposited without contamination of the film . Molecular beam epitaxy is a particularly sophisticated form of thermal evaporation . </P> <P> An electron beam evaporator fires a high - energy beam from an electron gun to boil a small spot of material ; since the heating is not uniform , lower vapor pressure materials can be deposited . The beam is usually bent through an angle of 270 ° in order to ensure that the gun filament is not directly exposed to the evaporant flux . Typical deposition rates for electron beam evaporation range from 1 to 10 nanometres per second . </P> <P> In molecular beam epitaxy ( MBE ) , slow streams of an element can be directed at the substrate , so that material deposits one atomic layer at a time . Compounds such as gallium arsenide are usually deposited by repeatedly applying a layer of one element ( i.e. , gallium ) , then a layer of the other ( i.e. , arsenic ) , so that the process is chemical , as well as physical ; this is known also as atomic layer deposition . The beam of material can be generated by either physical means ( that is , by a furnace ) or by a chemical reaction ( chemical beam epitaxy ) . </P> <P> Sputtering relies on a plasma ( usually a noble gas , such as argon ) to knock material from a `` target '' a few atoms at a time . The target can be kept at a relatively low temperature , since the process is not one of evaporation , making this one of the most flexible deposition techniques . It is especially useful for compounds or mixtures , where different components would otherwise tend to evaporate at different rates . Note , sputtering 's step coverage is more or less conformal . It is also widely used in the optical media . The manufacturing of all formats of CD , DVD , and BD are done with the help of this technique . It is a fast technique and also it provides a good thickness control . Presently , nitrogen and oxygen gases are also being used in sputtering . </P> <P> Pulsed laser deposition systems work by an ablation process . Pulses of focused laser light vaporize the surface of the target material and convert it to plasma ; this plasma usually reverts to a gas before it reaches the substrate . </P> <P> Cathodic arc deposition ( arc - PVD ) which is a kind of ion beam

In physics, a thin film refers to

What is meant by thin film in physics?

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Colón street - Wikipedia <H1> Colón street </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Colon Street , Cebu City . May 2011 . <P> Colon Street is a historical street in downtown Cebu City that is often called the oldest and the shortest national road in the Philippines . It is named after Cristóbal Colón ( Christopher Columbus ) . It traces its origins to the town plan by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi , the Spanish conquistador who arrived in the Philippines to establish a colony in 1565 . </P> <P> Colon , crowded and a bit run - down now , was the site of fashionable shops , offices , and movie houses . It was once the heart of Cebu City 's shopping and business activity , but in recent years ( specifically during the early 1990s ) , much of this activity has shifted inland to the more modern , bigger and diverse commercial and business districts now spread in almost all of the urban areas of the city in what was considered residential and leisure settlements . </P> Colon Street historical marker in Filipino ( left ) and Cebuano ( right ) <P> In 2006 the Cebu City Council proposed a plan to close parts of Colon street from vehicular traffic and convert it to a tourism zone . However , this was met with much opposition from businessmen and motorists due to concerns regarding security and parking spaces . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Calle Escolta </Li> <Li> Calle Real </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <P> </P> <P> </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Cebu City : Colon and the Parian Archived 2007 - 03 - 14 at the Wayback Machine ... Accessed March 7 , 2007 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Colon Street eyed as special tourism zone - INQUIRER.net , Philippine News for Filipinos . Accessed March 8 , 2007 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Closing Colon a big challenge - INQUIRER.net , Philippine News for Filipinos . Accessed March 8 , 2007 </Li> </Ol> <P> Coordinates : 10 ° 17 ′ 48.28 '' N 123 ° 53 ′ 56.45 '' E  /  10.2967444 ° N 123.8990139 ° E  / 10.2967444 ; 123.8990139 </P> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article about a location in Central Visayas region of the Philippines is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article related to a road in Asia is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colon_Street&oldid=808946302 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Streets in Cebu </Li> <Li> Central Visayas geography stubs </Li> <Li> Asia road stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016 </Li> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 November 2017 , at 05 : 27 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The oldest street in the Philippines is

What is the oldest street in the philippines?

5971688090041626059

Gulf Stream - wikipedia <H1> Gulf Stream </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Gulf Stream ( disambiguation ) . <P> </P> Surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic . The North American landmass is black and dark blue ( cold ) , while the Gulf Stream is red ( warm ) . Source : NASA <P> The Gulf Stream , together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift , is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida , and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean . The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northward accelerating current off the east coast of North America . At about 40 ° 0 ′ N 30 ° 0 ′ W  /  40.000 ° N 30.000 ° W  / 40.000 ; - 30.000 , it splits in two , with the northern stream , the North Atlantic Drift , crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream , the Canary Current , recirculating off West Africa . </P> <P> The Gulf Stream influences the climate of the east coast of North America from Florida to Newfoundland , and the west coast of Europe . Although there has been recent debate , there is consensus that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be due to the North Atlantic drift which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream . It is part of the North Atlantic Gyre . Its presence has led to the development of strong cyclones of all types , both within the atmosphere and within the ocean . The Gulf Stream is also a significant potential source of renewable power generation . The Gulf Stream may be slowing down as a result of climate change . </P> <P> The Gulf Stream is typically 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) wide and 800 metres ( 2,600 ft ) to 1,200 metres ( 3,900 ft ) deep . The current velocity is fastest near the surface , with the maximum speed typically about 2.5 metres per second ( 5.6 mph ) . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Properties </Li> <Li> 3 Formation and behavior </Li> <Li> 4 Localized effects </Li> <Li> 5 Effect on cyclone formation </Li> <Li> 6 Possible renewable power source </Li> <Li> 7 In culture </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Benjamin Franklin 's map of the Gulf Stream <P> European discovery of the Gulf Stream dates to the 1512 expedition of Juan Ponce de León , after which it became widely used by Spanish ships sailing from the Caribbean to Spain . A summary of Ponce de León 's voyage log , on April 22 , 1513 , noted , `` A current such that , although they had great wind , they could not proceed forward , but backward and it seems that they were proceeding well ; at the end it was known that the current was more powerful than the wind . '' Its existence was also known to Peter Martyr d'Anghiera . </P> <P> Benjamin Franklin became interested in the North Atlantic Ocean circulation patterns . In 1768 , while in England , Franklin heard a curious complaint from the Colonial Board of Customs : Why did it take British packets several weeks longer to reach New York from England than it took an average American merchant ship to reach Newport , Rhode Island , despite the merchant ships leaving from London and having to sail down the River Thames and then the length of the English Channel before they sailed across the Atlantic , while the packets left from Falmouth in Cornwall ? </P> <P> Franklin asked Timothy Folger , his cousin twice removed ( Nantucket Historical Society ) , a Nantucket Island whaling captain , for an answer . Folger explained that merchant ships routinely crossed the then - unnamed Gulf Stream -- identifying it by whale behavior , measurement of the water 's temperature and the speed of bubbles on its surface , and changes in the water 's color -- while the mail packet captains ran against it . Franklin worked with Folger and other experienced ship captains , learning enough to chart the Gulf Stream and giving it the name by which it is still known today . He offered this information to Anthony Todd , secretary of the British Post Office , but it was ignored by British sea captains . </P> <P> Franklin 's Gulf Stream chart was published in 1770 in England , where it was mostly ignored . Subsequent versions were printed in France in 1778 and the U.S. in 1786 . </P> <H2> Properties ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Gulf Stream proper is a western - intensified current , driven largely by wind stress . The North Atlantic Drift , in contrast , is largely thermohaline circulation -- driven . In 1958 the oceanographer Henry Stommel noted that `` very little water from the Gulf of Mexico is actually in the Stream '' . By carrying warm water northeast across the Atlantic , it makes Western and especially Northern Europe warmer than it otherwise would be . </P> <P> However , the extent of its contribution to the actual temperature differential between North America and Europe is a matter of dispute , as there is a recent minority opinion within the science community that this temperature difference ( beyond that caused by contrasting maritime and continental climates ) is mainly due to atmospheric waves created by the Rocky Mountains . </P> <H2> Formation and behavior ( edit ) </H2> Evolution of the Gulf Stream to the west of Ireland continuing as the North Atlantic Current <P> A river of sea water , called the Atlantic North Equatorial Current , flows westward off the coast of Central Africa . When this current interacts with the northeastern coast of South America , the current forks into two branches . One passes into the Caribbean Sea , while a second , the Antilles Current , flows north and east of the West Indies . These two branches rejoin north of the Straits of Florida . </P> <P> The trade winds blow westward in the tropics , and the westerlies blow eastward at mid-latitudes . This wind pattern applies a stress to the subtropical ocean surface with negative curl across the north Atlantic Ocean . The resulting Sverdrup transport is equatorward . </P> <P> Because of conservation of potential vorticity caused by the northward - moving winds on the subtropical ridge 's western periphery and the increased relative vorticity of northward moving water , transport is balanced by a narrow , accelerating poleward current , which flows along the western boundary of the ocean basin , outweighing the effects of friction with the western boundary current known as the Labrador current . The conservation of potential vorticity also causes bends along the Gulf Stream , which occasionally break off due to a shift in the Gulf Stream 's position , forming separate warm and cold eddies . This overall process , known as western intensification , causes currents on the western boundary of an ocean basin , such as the Gulf Stream , to be stronger than those on the eastern boundary . </P> <P> As a consequence , the resulting Gulf Stream is a strong ocean current . It transports water at a rate of 30 million cubic meters per second ( 30 sverdrups ) through the Florida Straits . As it passes south of Newfoundland , this rate increases to 150 million cubic metres per second . The volume of the Gulf Stream dwarfs all rivers that empty into the Atlantic combined , which barely total 0.6 million cubic metres per second . It is weaker , however , than the Antarctic Circumpolar Current . Given the strength and proximity of the Gulf Stream , beaches along the East Coast of the United States may be more vulnerable to large sea - level anomalies , which significantly impact rates of coastal erosion . </P> <P> The Gulf Stream is typically 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) wide and 800 metres ( 2,600 ft ) to 1,200 metres ( 3,900 ft ) deep . The current velocity is fastest near the surface , with the maximum speed typically about 2.5 metres per second ( 5.6 mph ) . As it travels north , the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream undergoes evaporative cooling . The cooling is wind - driven : Wind moving over the water causes evaporation , cooling the water and increasing its salinity and density . When sea ice forms , salts are left out of the ice , a process known as brine exclusion . These two processes produce water that is denser and colder ( or , more precisely , water that is still liquid at a lower temperature ) . In the North Atlantic Ocean , the water becomes so dense that it begins to sink down through less salty and less dense water . ( The convective action is not unlike that of a lava lamp . ) This downdraft of cold , dense water becomes a part of the North Atlantic Deep Water , a southgoing stream . Very little seaweed lies within the current , although seaweed lies in clusters to its east . </P> <P> In April 2018 , two studies published in Nature found the Gulf Stream to be at its weakest for at least 1,600 years . </P> <H2> Localized effects ( edit ) </H2> See also : Climate of Florida <P> The Gulf Stream is influential on the climate of the Florida peninsula . The portion off the Florida coast , referred to as the Florida current , maintains an average water temperature at or above 24 ° C ( 75 ° F ) during the winter . East winds moving over this warm water move warm air from over the Gulf Stream inland , helping to keep temperatures milder across the state than elsewhere across the Southeast during the winter . Also , the Gulf Stream 's proximity to Nantucket , Massachusetts adds to its biodiversity , as it is the northern limit for southern varieties of plant life , and the southern limit for northern plant species , Nantucket being warmer during winter than the mainland . </P> <P> The North Atlantic Current of the Gulf Stream , along with similar warm air currents , helps keep Ireland and the western coast of Great Britain a couple of degrees warmer than the east . However , the difference is most dramatic in the western coastal islands of Scotland . A noticeable effect of the Gulf Stream and the strong westerly winds ( driven by the warm water of the Gulf Stream ) on Europe occurs along the Norwegian coast . Northern parts of Norway lie close to the Arctic zone , most of which is covered with ice and snow in winter . However , almost all of Norway 's coast remains free of ice and snow throughout the year . Weather systems warmed by the Gulf Stream drift into Northern Europe , also warming the climate behind the Scandinavian mountains . </P> <H2> Effect on cyclone formation ( edit ) </H2> Hurricane Sandy intensifying along the axis of the Gulf Stream in 2012 . <P> The warm water and temperature contrast along the edge of the Gulf Stream often increase the intensity of cyclones , tropical or otherwise . Tropical cyclone generation normally requires water temperatures in excess of 26.5 ° C ( 79.7 ° F ) . Tropical cyclone formation is common over the Gulf Stream , especially in the month of July . Storms travel westward through the Caribbean and then either move in a northward direction and curve toward the eastern

The Gulf Stream, the world's fastest ocean current, flows along the western side of the

The gulf stream the world's fastest ocean current flows along the western side of this water body?

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Blue laws in the United States - wikipedia <H1> Blue laws in the United States </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Blue laws in the United States vary by state . Blue laws are laws designed to enforce religious standards . Many states prohibit selling alcoholic beverages for on - and off - premises sales in one form or another on Sundays at some restricted time . Blue laws may also prohibit retail activity on days such as Sunday . </P> <P> Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley write that throughout their existence , first - day Sabbatarian organizations have been supported by labor unions in lobbying `` to prevent secular and commercial interests from hampering freedom of worship and from exploiting workers . '' For example , the United States Congress was supported by the Lord 's Day Alliance in securing `` a day of rest for city postal clerks whose hours of labor , unlike those of city mail carriers , were largely unregulated . '' </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Arizona </Li> <Li> 2 Arkansas </Li> <Li> 3 Connecticut </Li> <Li> 4 Delaware </Li> <Li> 5 District of Columbia </Li> <Li> 6 Florida </Li> <Li> 7 Georgia </Li> <Li> 8 Illinois </Li> <Li> 9 Indiana </Li> <Li> 10 Iowa </Li> <Li> 11 Maine </Li> <Li> 12 Maryland </Li> <Li> 13 Massachusetts </Li> <Li> 14 Michigan </Li> <Li> 15 Minnesota </Li> <Li> 16 Mississippi </Li> <Li> 17 Missouri </Li> <Li> 18 New Jersey </Li> <Li> 19 New Mexico </Li> <Li> 20 New York </Li> <Li> 21 North Carolina </Li> <Li> 22 North Dakota </Li> <Li> 23 Oklahoma </Li> <Li> 24 Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> 25 South Carolina </Li> <Li> 26 Tennessee </Li> <Li> 27 Texas <Ul> <Li> 27.1 Alcoholic beverages <Ul> <Li> 27.1. 1 Beer and wine </Li> <Li> 27.1. 2 Liquor </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 28 Utah </Li> <Li> 29 Virginia </Li> <Li> 30 Washington </Li> <Li> 31 West Virginia </Li> <Li> 32 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Arizona ( edit ) </H2> <P> Arizona previously limited alcohol sales hours on Sundays ( 2 a.m. to 10 a.m. ; the other six days of the week alcohol could be purchased starting at 6 a.m. ) . This law was repealed in 2010 . </P> <H2> Arkansas ( edit ) </H2> <P> Arkansas has 75 counties , 39 of which are `` dry '' , meaning the sale of any alcoholic beverage is prohibited entirely . ( Some exceptions are made for private facilities ) . Private facilities must have licenses , which can be rigorous . Sale of alcoholic beverages on Christmas Day is entirely prohibited , even in private facilities . Alcohol and liquor sales are entirely prohibited on Sunday and Christmas Day . ( Some exceptions for private facilities are made for Sundays ) . </P> <H2> Connecticut ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Blue Laws ( Connecticut ) <H2> Delaware ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Delaware § Food and drink <H2> District of columbia ( edit ) </H2> <P> Washington , D.C. , allows private retailers ( Class A ) to sell distilled spirits , but the District Council requires Class A retailers to be closed on Sundays ( Class B retailers , such as grocery stores , may sell beer and wine on Sundays ) . However , in December 2012 , the Council voted to repeal the Sunday restriction . The repeal took effect May 1 , 2013 . </P> <H2> Florida ( edit ) </H2> <P> Several counties prohibit the sale of alcohol and sex toys on Sunday and during certain hours . </P> <H2> Georgia ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sunday retail alcohol sales in stores were prohibited by the Georgia General Assembly up until 2011 . On April 28 , 2011 , Georgia Governor Nathan Deal signed legislation allowing local communities to vote on whether to allow alcohol sales on Sundays . Sales are still restricted on Sundays before 12 : 30 p.m. On November 8 , 2011 , voters in more than 100 Georgia cities and counties voted on a bill that would allow stores to sell alcohol on Sundays . It passed in Valdosta , Atlanta , Savannah and many other cities . Before this , cities and counties of sufficiently large populations such as most of Metro Atlanta already had Sunday alcohol sales at bars and restaurants , with local ordinances to abide by , such as having a certain amount of food sales in order to be opened and serve alcohol . Exceptions were also made by the drink at festivals and large events . </P> <H2> Illinois ( edit ) </H2> <P> Horse racing is prohibited on Sundays unless authorized by the local municipality . </P> <P> Car dealerships can not be open on Sundays . </P> <H2> Indiana ( edit ) </H2> <P> Carry - out alcohol sales were strictly prohibited on Sundays until 2011 , when the state amended its laws to permit qualified breweries to sell local brews for carryout ( generally growlers ) . In 2018 , the law was changed to allow carry - out purchases on Sundays . Restaurants and taverns can generally still serve alcoholic beverages . Alcohol sales are no longer prohibited on New Years Day . In 2010 , a change in legislation allowed Indiana residents to purchase alcohol on Election Day . Christmas sales are still prohibited . In the state of Indiana , as of March 1 , 2018 , Sunday alcohol sales are allowed between the hours of 12pm and 8pm . </P> <H2> Iowa ( edit ) </H2> <P> Iowa Code 322.3 states that a licensed car dealership can not either directly or through an agent , salesperson , or employee , engage in Iowa , or represent or advertise that the person is engaged or intends to engage in Iowa , in the business of buying or selling at retail new or used motor vehicles , other than mobile homes more than eight feet in width or more than thirty - two feet in length on Sunday . </P> <H2> Maine ( edit ) </H2> <P> Maine was the last New England state to repeal laws that prohibited department stores from opening on Sundays . The laws against the department stores opening on Sundays were ended by referendum in 1990 . Recent efforts to overturn the laws restricting automobile dealerships from opening on Sunday have died in committee in the Maine legislature . Rep. Don Pilon of Saco has led the effort to get rid of the laws that prohibit automobile dealerships from opening for business on Sundays . Hunting is prohibited on Sundays . </P> <P> Maine is also one of three states where it is illegal for almost all businesses to open on Thanksgiving , most notably the big department stores . </P> <P> Alcohol sales remain restricted but allowed between the hours of 1 a.m. and 7 a.m. Monday through Saturday and 1 a.m. and 9 a.m. on Sunday . </P> <H2> Maryland ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Maryland , `` a new or used car dealer may not sell , barter , deliver , give away , show , or offer for sale a motor vehicle or certificate of title for a motor vehicle on Sunday '' , except in Howard County , Montgomery County , and Prince George 's County . Motorcycles are excepted in Anne Arundel County . In the City of Baltimore , a used car dealer may choose to operate on Sunday and not Saturday if it notifies the Motor Vehicle Administration in advance of its intention . Following a public hearing , the Commissioners of Charles County are allowed to authorize sales of motor vehicles on Sunday . </P> <P> In Maryland , professional sports teams are prohibited from playing games before 1 p.m. on a Sunday unless a local law or a local ordinance allows it . </P> <H2> Massachusetts ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most off - premises alcohol sales were not permitted on Sundays until 2004 . Exceptions were made in 1990 for municipalities that were within 10 miles of the New Hampshire or Vermont border . Since 1992 , alcohol sales have been allowed statewide from the Sunday prior to Thanksgiving until New Year 's Day . In both exceptions sales were not allowed before noon . Since the law changed in 2004 , off - premises sales are now allowed anywhere in the state , with local approval , after noon . Retail alcohol sales remain barred on Thanksgiving Day , Christmas Day and Memorial Day . </P> <P> Massachusetts also has a `` Day of Rest '' statute that provides that all employees are entitled to one day off from work in seven calendar days . </P> <P> Retail employees working on Sundays must be paid time - and - a-half . </P> <H2> Michigan ( edit ) </H2> <P> The sale of alcohol is banned from 2 a.m. to 7 a.m. every day . The only exception to this rule is New Year 's Day , in which case alcohol sales are permitted until 4 a.m. Alcohol sales were likewise banned on Sunday until 12 p.m. , and on Christmas from 12 a.m. until 12 p.m. , until a repeal in late 2010 . Specific localities may petition for exceptions for either on - site or off - site consumption . </P> <P> All `` blue laws '' which had restricted Sunday hunting , in specific Lower Peninsula counties , were repealed in 2003 . </P> <H2> Minnesota ( edit ) </H2> <P> Prior to the law being repealed in 2017 , the sale of alcohol in liquor stores was prohibited statewide on Sundays . As recently as the 2015 legislative session , proposals to allow Sunday liquor sales were defeated regularly . However , in 2015 , Sunday growler purchases were made legal . On March 2 , 2017 , the state legislature passed a law allowing for Sunday Liquor Sales to begin on July 2 , 2017 . Governor Dayton signed the legislation as soon as it was passed . Liquor stores are not required to be open on Sundays , but those who choose to do so are restricted to the hours of 11 AM and 6 PM . </P> <H2> Mississippi ( edit ) </H2> <P> The sale of alcohol is prohibited in most of Mississippi on Sundays . Also , the sale of liquor is not allowed at all in nearly half of the state 's counties . </P> <H2> Missouri ( edit ) </H2> <P> The sale of alcohol is prohibited from 1 : 30 a.m. to 6 : 00 a.m. Saturday through Monday . Alcohol sales on Sunday are allowed from 9 : 00 a.m. to midnight subject to an additional liquor license fee . </P> <H2> New Jersey ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1677 , the General Assembly of East New Jersey banned the `` singing of vain songs or tunes '' on Sabbath . </P> <P> One of the last remaining Sunday closing laws in the United States that covers selling electronics , clothing and furniture is found in Bergen County , New Jersey . Bergen County , part of the New York metropolitan area , has one of the largest concentrations of enclosed retail shopping malls of any county in the nation ; four major malls lie within the county . Paramus in Bergen County , where three of the four major malls are located , has even more restrictive blue laws than the county itself , banning all type of work on Sundays except in grocery stores , gas stations , pharmacies , hotels , restaurants , and other entertainment venues . As recently as 2010 , Governor Chris Christie had proposed the repeal of these Blue Laws in his State Budget , but many Bergen County officials vowed to maintain them . Two days later , Christie predicted that his planned repeal would not succeed . Car dealerships are not allowed to be open or do business on Sundays anywhere in the state . In November 2012 ,

In Florida, the prohibition on selling alcohol before 1 pm on Sundays is an example of

In florida it is illegal to sell alcohol before 1 pm on any sunday. this is an example of?

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along with their total of certified units and are ranked in descending order , with the artist with the highest amount of claimed sales at the top . If two or more artists have the same claimed sales , they are then ranked by certified units . The claimed sales figure and the total of certified units ( for each country ) within the provided sources include sales of albums , singles , compilation - albums , music videos as well as downloads of singles and full - length albums . Sales figures , such as those from Soundscan , which are sometimes published by Billboard magazine , have not been included in the certified units column . As of 2017 , based on both sales claims and certified units , The Beatles are considered the highest - selling band . Elvis Presley is considered the highest - selling individual artist based on sales claims and Rihanna is the highest - selling individual artist based on certified units . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definitions </Li> <Li> 2 Artists by reputed sales <Ul> <Li> 2.1 250 million or more records </Li> <Li> 2.2 200 million to 249 million records </Li> <Li> 2.3 120 million to 199 million records </Li> <Li> 2.4 100 million to 119 million records </Li> <Li> 2.5 80 million to 99 million records </Li> <Li> 2.6 75 million to 79 million records </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definitions </H2> <P> All artists included on this list , which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20 % in certified units . That is why Cliff Richard , Diana Ross , Scorpions , Charles Aznavour , Bing Crosby , Gloria Estefan , Deep Purple , Iron Maiden , Tom Jones , The Jackson 5 , Dionne Warwick , the Spice Girls , Luciano Pavarotti , Dolly Parton , Ozzy Osbourne , Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list . The more recent the artist , the higher the required percentage of certified units , so artists such as Rihanna , Taylor Swift , Flo Rida , Katy Perry , Justin Bieber , Adele , Lady Gaga , Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75 % in certified units . The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations . All certified units are converted from Gold / Platinum / Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies . The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts . </P> <P> The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures , which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes . The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources . For clarity , the sources used , say the term `` records '' ( singles , albums , videos ) and not `` albums '' . However , if all available sources for an artist or band say `` albums '' , such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount . This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists ' available certified units : inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high , are not used . </P> <P> The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists ' certified sales . In other words , the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones . </P> <P> The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures . This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification . For this reason , some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units . The over certified figures , however , are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications , one such example is Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA , yet during the time of the certification , it had sold 5.4 million downloads . </P> <P> The certified sales for some artists / bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification . </P> <H2> Artists by reputed sales </H2> <H3> 250 million or more records </H3> <Ul> <Li> <P> The Beatles </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Elvis Presley </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Michael Jackson </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Madonna </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Elton John </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Led Zeppelin </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pink Floyd </P> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control , this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV , VH1 , Billboard and Rolling Stone . </Li> <Li> The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums , singles ( including digital downloads ) and videos . </Li> <Li> Markets ' order within the table is based on Retail Value : each market generates respectively , the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Country / Market </Th> <Th> Period active </Th> <Th> Release year of first charted record </Th> <Th> Genre </Th> <Th> Total certified units ( from available markets ) </Th> <Th> Claimed sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Beatles </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1960 -- 1970 </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Rock / Pop </Td> <Td> 7002271100000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 271.1 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 212.250 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 4.950 million </Li> <Li> UK : 18.045 million </Li> <Li> GER : 8 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 3.890 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 14.455 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 3.060 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 355,000 </Li> <Li> BRA : 550,000 </Li> <Li> SWE 485,000 </Li> <Li> SPA : 1.250 million </Li> <Li> SWI : 350,000 </Li> <Li> BEL : 265,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 1.606 million </Li> <Li> DEN : 270,000 </Li> <Li> AUT : 500,000 </Li> <Li> POL : 175,000 </Li> <Li> NZ : 660,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 600 million 500 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elvis Presley </Th> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 1954 -- 1977 </Td> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> Rock and roll / Pop / Country </Td> <Td> 7002212400000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 212.4 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 188.650 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 300,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 13.145 million </Li> <Li> GER : 1.2 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 2.590 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 2.925 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 1.587 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 105,000 </Li> <Li> BRA : 125,000 </Li> <Li> SWE 380,000 </Li> <Li> SPA : 300,000 </Li> <Li> MEX : 105,000 </Li> <Li> SWI : 185,000 </Li> <Li> BEL : 115,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 110,000 </Li> <Li> DEN : 120,000 </Li> <Li> AUT : 205,000 </Li> <Li> FIN : 213,945 </Li> <Li> NZ : 117,500 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 600 million 500 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Michael Jackson </Th> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 1964 -- 2009 </Td> <Td> 1971 </Td> <Td> Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B </Td> <Td> 7002184600000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 184.6 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 104.5 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 4.650 million </Li> <Li> UK : 27.545 million </Li> <Li> GER : 11.275 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 11.375 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 4.670 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 6.670 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 1.170 million </Li> <Li> BRA : 280,000 </Li> <Li> SWE : 1.230 million </Li> <Li> SPA : 1.995 million </Li> <Li> MEX : 3.670 million </Li> <Li> SWI : 910,000 </Li> <Li> BEL : 365,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 124,000 </Li> <Li> DEN : 1.224 million </Li> <Li> AUT : 1.197 million </Li> <Li> POL : 530,000 </Li> <Li> FIN : 384,127 </Li> <Li> NZ : 902,500 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 350 million 300 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Madonna </Th> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 1979 -- present </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Pop / Dance / Electronica </Td> <Td> 7002170600000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 170.6 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 85.675 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 6.450 million </Li> <Li> UK : 28.845 million </Li> <Li> GER : 12.4 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 12.795 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 6.030 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 4.717 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 465,000 </Li> <Li> BRA : 3.440 million </Li> <Li> SWE : 1.070 million </Li> <Li> SPA : 2.815 million </Li> <Li> MEX : 510,000 </Li> <Li> SWI : 1.080 million </Li> <Li> BEL : 690,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 1.098 </Li> <Li> DEN : 407,000 </Li> <Li> AUT : 602,500 </Li> <Li> POL : 530,000 </Li> <Li> FIN : 652,686 </Li> <Li> NZ : 417,500 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 300 million 275 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elton John </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1964 -- present </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Pop / Rock </Td> <Td> 7002169000000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 169 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 117.850 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 1.1 million </Li> <Li> UK : 22.395 million </Li> <Li> GER : 7.9 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 4.825 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 5.975 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 2.837 million </Li> <Li> BRA : 835,000 </Li> <Li> SWE : 740,000 </Li> <Li> SPA : 1.2 million </Li> <Li> MEX : 100,000 </Li> <Li> SWI : 1.313 million </Li> <Li> BEL : 390,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 128,000 </Li> <Li> DEN : 150,000 </Li> <Li> AUT : 765,000 </Li> <Li> POL : 150,000 </Li> <Li> FIN : 163,481 </Li> <Li> NZ : 255,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 300 million 250 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Led Zeppelin </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1968 -- 1980 </Td> <Td> 1969 </Td> <Td> Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock </Td> <Td> 7002139690000099999 ♠ Total available certified units : 139.7 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 114.1 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 400,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 9.330 million </Li> <Li> GER : 3.775 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 2.310 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 4.710 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 2.8 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 345,000 </Li> <Li> BRA : 820,000 </Li> <Li> SPA : 450,000 </Li> <Li> SWI : 211,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 360,000 </Li> <Li> POL : 120,000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 300 million 200 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pink Floyd </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 1965 -- 1996 , 2014 </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> <Td> Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock </Td> <Td> 7002118900000000000 ♠ Total available certified units : 118.9 million ( show ) <Ul> <Li> US : 78 million </Li> <Li> JPN : 100,000 </Li> <Li> UK : 11.320 million </Li> <Li> GER : 7.5 million </Li> <Li> FRA : 6.360 million </Li> <Li> CAN : 6.790 million </Li> <Li> AUS : 2.932 million </Li> <Li> ITA : 1.685 million </Li> <Li> BRA : 540,000 </Li> <Li> SWE : 220,000 </Li> <Li> SPA : 625,000 </Li> <Li> SWI : 390,000 </Li> <Li> BEL : 115,000 </Li> <Li> ARG : 582,000 </Li> <Li> AUT : 460,000 </Li> <Li> POL : 590,000 </Li> <Li> NZ : 787,500 </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 250 million 200 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul>

The most selling music artist of all time is

Who is the most selling music artist of all time?

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Carnival Glory - wikipedia <H1> Carnival Glory </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Carnival Glory anchored in Belize City . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Name : </Td> <Td> Carnival Glory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Owner : </Td> <Td> Carnival Corporation & plc </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Operator : </Td> <Td> Carnival Cruise Lines </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Port of registry : </Td> <Td> Panama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Route : </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Canada & New England </Li> <Li> Caribbean </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ordered : </Td> <Td> August 4 , 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Builder : </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fincantieri </Li> <Li> Monfalcone , Italy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cost : </Td> <Td> US $ 500 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yard number : </Td> <Td> 6058 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Launched : </Td> <Td> July 19 , 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sponsored by : </Td> <Td> Dr Sally Ride </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Completed : </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maiden voyage : </Td> <Td> July 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> In service : </Td> <Td> 2003 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Identification : </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Call sign : 3FPS9 </Li> <Li> IMO number : 9198367 </Li> <Li> MMSI number : 357659000 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Status : </Td> <Td> In service </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Notes : </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class and type : </Td> <Td> Conquest - class cruise ship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tonnage : </Td> <Td> 110,000 GT </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Length : </Td> <Td> 952 ft ( 290.2 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beam : </Td> <Td> 116 ft ( 35.4 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Draft : </Td> <Td> 27 ft ( 8.2 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Decks : </Td> <Td> 13 decks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Installed power : </Td> <Td> 6 × Wärtsilä 12W 63,400 kW ( combined ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Propulsion : </Td> <Td> 2 × propellers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Speed : </Td> <Td> 22.5 knots ( 41.7 km / h ; 25.9 mph ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : </Td> <Td> 2,980 passengers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Crew : </Td> <Td> 1,150 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Notes : </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Carnival Glory is a Conquest - class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Construction </Li> <Li> 2 Characteristics </Li> <Li> 3 Refits </Li> <Li> 4 Itineraries </Li> <Li> 5 Incidents </Li> <Li> 6 Gallery </Li> <Li> 7 References <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 7.2 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Construction ( edit ) </H2> <P> Built by Fincantieri at their Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli - Venezia Giulia , northern Italy , she was floated out on July 19 , 2003 , and christened by American physicist and astronaut Dr Sally Ride . </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some features of Carnival Glory include nightclubs , duty - free shops , four pools , seven whirlpools , and a 214 - foot ( 65 m ) water slide . Sixty percent of her staterooms have ocean views and sixty percent of those feature private balconies . </P> <H2> Refits ( edit ) </H2> <P> Carnival Glory was first drydocked in November 2012 , to update her to the Carnival `` Fun Ship 2.0 '' standard . During that time , she received new bars , along with a Guy 's Burger Joint , and updates to her entertainment venues . </P> <P> In February and March 2017 , she received a new `` WaterWorks '' feature , along with renovations of additional areas aboard the ship . ​ `` WaterWorks '' park was constructed on the 12th Sun Deck . It has 2 water slides ( the AquaTunnel slide and Twister slide ) , as well as the kids area and other attractions . </P> <H2> Itineraries ( edit ) </H2> <P> Currently , Carnival Glory 's home port is Miami . In November 2009 , Carnival Glory was redeployed to Miami , replacing Carnival Triumph . Carnival Glory was redeployed to Miami , to make room for one of Carnival 's newest ships , Carnival Dream in Port Canaveral . Later in June 2010 , Carnival Glory began conducting summer cruises out of New York City , replacing Carnival Triumph for Canadian - bound cruises . Carnival Glory also has cruised out of Norfolk , Virginia . </P> <P> In 2014 , Carnival Glory started operating 7 - night eastern and western Caribbean cruises departing out of Miami . </P> <P> In January 2018 , Carnival Glory was the first Carnival 's ship which returned to St. Thomas since hurricanes in September 2017 . </P> <H2> Incidents ( edit ) </H2> <P> On March 16 , 2007 , a 35 - year - old male passenger jumped through a window and fell 60 ft ( 18 m ) into the water 30 mi ( 48 km ) east of Fort Lauderdale , Florida . He was rescued 8 hours later . On March 8 , 2015 , 21 - year - old Virginia Tech student , Cameron Smook , fell overboard from a 6th deck balcony . Surveillance video showed Smook climb over the balcony 's railing before falling into the water . A 6,500 square nautical miles ( 22,000 km ; 8,600 sq mi ) search was conducted 6 mi ( 9.7 km ) south of Abaco Island , Bahamas . The US Coast Guard along with other area vessels conducted a search , but Smook 's body was not recovered . The cruise had departed Miami on Saturday , March 7 , 2015 . On August 19 , 2015 , around 16 : 00 , or about 45 minutes after leaving Roatán in Honduras , a 65 - year - old female passenger , from San Jose , California , fell or jumped overboard from the 9th or 11th deck . Two hours later her body was found 5 mi ( 8.0 km ) from Roatán . On October 14 , 2017 , at 8 : 15 , while passengers were disembarking in Miami , 8 - year - old Zion Smith , from the Bahamas , fell from the 5th floor to the 3rd floor of the Old Glory Atrium . CPR was started immediately and paramedics took her to Ryder Trauma Center where she died . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> Tendered in Belize </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Departing Grand Turk </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The tail , from the back </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Lido deck , at night </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Notes ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Corporation Contracts for Two 102,000 - Ton Vessels '' . Web.archive.org. 2000 - 01 - 08 . Archived from the original on January 8 , 2000 . Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 16 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ward , Douglas ( 2005 ) . Berlitz Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships . Singapore : Berlitz . ISBN 981 - 246 - 510 - 3 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Glory ( 9198367 ) '' . Equasis . French Ministry for Transport . Retrieved 2013 - 05 - 20 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Smith 2010 , p. 39 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Glory ( 9198367 ) '' . Ships In Class . Lloyd 's Register . Retrieved 2015 - 05 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Glory '' . Carnival Cruise Lines . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Glory Review '' . cruisecritic.com . Archived from the original on July 29 , 2008 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fun Ship 2.0 implementation schedule '' . Carnival Funville . October 5 , 2011 . Archived from the original on April 18 , 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 04 - 02 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sloan , Gene ( 2010 - 02 - 15 ) . `` Another Carnival cruise ship , the Carnival Glory , gets a makeover '' . USA Today . Retrieved 19 March 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Sector Awarded Cruise Ship Contract '' ( PDF ) . Northrom Grumman Currents Magazine . January 9 , 2006 . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on February 8 , 2007 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 18 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sloan , Gene ( 30 March 2017 ) . `` Makeover brings splashy new water park to Carnival ship '' . USA Today . Retrieved 18 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Renovated Carnival Glory Gets an Exciting Onboard Aqua Park CruiseBe '' . CruiseBe . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Dream to Replace Glory in Canaveral Next Year '' . Cruise Critic. 2008 - 07 - 23 . Retrieved 2008 - 07 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Cruise Search Find Cruises Carnival Cruise Lines '' . Carnival.com. 2010 - 11 - 18 . Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carnival Cruise Lines Carnival Glory Cruises '' . Travel Weekly . Retrieved October 13 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Staff , CIN ( 2018 - 01 - 13 ) . `` Carnival Glory Returns to St. Thomas '' . Retrieved 2018 - 01 - 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Crew & Passenger incidents ( injuries , crimes ) '' . Retrieved 18 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` College student on spring break goes overboard on cruise '' . AP . Retrieved 11 March 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Crew & Passenger Death accidents '' . Retrieved 18 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Carol Ann Dumas , 65 - Suicide Overboard , Carnival Glory Passenger '' . 19 August 2015 . Retrieved 18 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Holly , Jessica ( 14 October 2017 ) . `` Girl dies after falling from cruise ship deck at PortMiami '' . Retrieved 18 October 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H3> Bibliography ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Smith , Peter C. ( 2010 ) . Cruise Ships : The World 's Most Luxurious Vessels . Barnsley , South Yorkshire , UK : Pen & Sword Maritime . ISBN 9781848842182 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carnival Glory . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Official website </Li> <Li> Carnival Glory Photo Gallery </Li> <Li> Carnival Glory ship location in Google Maps </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> List of ships built by Fincantieri </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Warships </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrea Doria </Li> <Li> Assad - class corvettes </Li> <Li> Caio Duilio </Li> <Li> Carvajal </Li> <Li> Cassiopea - class patrol vessels </Li> <Li> Cavour </Li> <Li> Deepak </Li> <Li> Diciotti - class offshore patrol vessels </Li> <Li> Durand de la Penne - class destroyers </Li> <Li> Etna </Li> <Li> Falaj 2 - class patrol vessels </Li> <Li> Giuseppe Garibaldi </Li> <Li> Laksamana - class corvettes </Li> <Li> Maestrale - class frigates </Li> <Li> Minerva - class corvettes </Li> <Li> San Giorgio - class amphibious transport docks </Li> <Li> San Giusto </Li> <Li> Sauro - class submarines </Li> <Li> Scirè </Li> <Li> Shakti </Li> <Li> Toti - class submarines </Li> <Li> Villavisencio </Li> <Li> Vittorio Veneto </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cruise ships </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li>

The Carnival Glory is a

What class of ship is the carnival glory?

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sign at the roadside hosted a pudgy character in a chef 's hat , known as Speedee , striding across the top , trimmed in animated neon . Further marketing techniques were implemented to change McDonald 's from a sit down restaurant to a fast food chain . They used such things as turning off the heating to prevent people wanting to stay so long , fixed and angled seating so the customer would sit over their food promoting them to eat faster , spreading the seats further apart so being less of a sociable place to dine in , and giving their customers branded cone shaped cups forcing them to hold their drink whilst eating which would speed up the eating process . Many other companies followed McDonald 's strategies to turn their own restaurants into fast food establishments including Burger King , White Castle and Subway . </P> <P> In late 1953 , with only a rendering of Meston 's design in hand , the brothers began seeking franchisees . Their first franchisee was Neil Fox , a distributor for General Petroleum Corporation . Fox 's stand , the first with Meston 's golden arches design , opened in May 1953 at Central Avenue and Indian School Road in Phoenix , Arizona . Their second franchisee was the team of Fox 's brother - in - law Roger Williams and Burdette `` Bud '' Landon , both of whom also worked for General Petroleum . Williams and Landon opened their stand on August 18 , 1953 at 10207 Lakewood Boulevard in Downey , California . The Downey stand has the distinction of being the oldest surviving McDonald 's restaurant . The Downey stand was never required to comply with the McDonald 's Corporation 's remodeling and updating requests over the years because it was franchised not by the McDonald 's Corporation , but by the McDonald brothers themselves to Williams and Landon . </P> Ray Kroc joined the chain in 1954 and built it into an eventually global franchise , making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world <P> In 1954 , Ray Kroc , a seller of Prince Castle brand Multimixer milkshake machines , learned that the McDonald brothers were using eight of his machines in their San Bernardino restaurant . His curiosity was piqued , and he went to take a look at the restaurant . He was joined by good friend Charles Lewis who had suggested to Kroc several improvements to the McDonald 's burger recipe . </P> <P> Believing the McDonald 's formula was a ticket to success , Kroc suggested they franchise their restaurants throughout the country . The brothers were skeptical , however , that the self - service approach could succeed in colder , rainier climates ; furthermore , their thriving business in San Bernardino , and franchises already operating or planned , made them reluctant to risk a national venture . Kroc offered to take the major responsibility for setting up the new franchises elsewhere . He returned to his home outside of Chicago with rights to set up McDonald 's restaurants throughout the country , except in a handful of territories in California and Arizona already licensed by the McDonald brothers . The brothers were to receive one - half of one percent of gross sales . Kroc 's first McDonald 's restaurant opened on April 15 , 1955 , at 400 North Lee Street in Des Plaines , Illinois , near Chicago . The Des Plaines interior and exterior was painted by master painter Eugene Wright , who owned Wright 's Decorating Service . Eugene was asked to come up with a color scheme and he chose yellow and white , with dark brown and red being secondary trim colors . Those colors would go on to become the colors of all McDonald 's franchises . ( Recognizing its historic and nostalgic value , in 1990 the McDonald 's Corporation acquired the stand and rehabilitated it to a modern but nearly original condition , and then built an adjacent museum and gift shop to commemorate the site . ) </P> <P> Once the Des Plaines restaurant had become operational , Kroc sought franchisees for his McDonald 's chain . The first snag came quickly . In 1956 he discovered that the McDonald brothers had licensed the franchise rights for Cook County , Illinois to the Frejlach Ice Cream Company . Kroc was incensed that the McDonalds had not informed him of this arrangement . He purchased the rights back for $25,000 ( $225,000 today ) , five times what the Frejlacks had originally paid , and pressed forward . McDonald 's grew slowly for its first three years . By 1958 , there were 34 restaurants . In 1959 , however , Kroc opened 68 new restaurants , bringing the total to 102 locations . </P> <H2> 1960s and 1970s ( edit ) </H2> The Big Mac hamburger made its debut in 1968 <P> In 1960 , the McDonald 's advertising campaign `` Look for the Golden Arches '' gave sales a big boost . Kroc believed that advertising was an investment that would in the end come back many times over , and advertising has always played a key role in the development of the McDonald 's Corporation . In 1962 , McDonald 's introduced its now world - famous Golden Arches logo . A year later , the company sold its millionth hamburger and introduced Ronald McDonald , a red - haired clown designed to appeal to children . </P> <P> In the early 1960s , McDonald 's really began to take off . The growth in U.S. automobile use that came with suburbanization and the interstate highway system contributed heavily to McDonald 's success . In 1961 Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million , aiming at making McDonald 's the number one fast - food chain in the country . </P> <P> On May 3 , 1960 , Kroc assisted Christopher Boulos in opening a McDonald 's franchise in DeKalb , Illinois . By 1965 , the McDonald 's at 805 W. Lincoln Highway sold over 4 million burgers and 1,000,000 pounds ( 450,000 kg ) of fries . Boulos was the first Greek - American McDonald 's franchise operator . </P> <P> In 1965 , McDonald 's Corporation went public . Common shares were offered at $22.50 per share . By the end of the first day 's trading , the price had risen to $30 . A block of 100 shares purchased for $2,250 in 1965 was worth , after 12 stock splits ( increasing the number of shares to 74,360 ) , over $5.7 million as of year - end market close on December 31 , 2010 . In 1980 , McDonald 's Corporation became one of the 30 companies that make up the Dow Jones Industrial Average . </P> <P> McDonald 's success in the 1960s was in large part due to the company 's skillful marketing and flexible response to customer demand . In 1962 , the Filet - O - Fish sandwich , billed as `` the fish that catches people '' , was introduced in McDonald 's restaurants . The new item had originally met with disapproval from Kroc , but after its successful test marketing , he eventually agreed to add it . Another item that Kroc had backed a year previously , a burger with a slice of pineapple and a slice of cheese , known as a `` hulaburger '' , had flopped ( both it and the Filet - O - Fish were developed in Catholic neighborhoods where burger sales dropped off markedly on Fridays and during Lent ) . The market was not quite ready for Kroc 's taste ; the hulaburger 's tenure on the McDonald 's menu board was short . In 1968 the now legendary Big Mac made its debut , and in 1969 McDonald 's sold its five billionth hamburger . Two years later , as it launched the `` You Deserve a Break Today '' advertising campaign , McDonald 's restaurants had reached all 50 states . </P> <P> In 1968 , McDonald 's opened its 1,000 th restaurant , and Fred L. Turner became the company 's president and chief administrative officer . Kroc became chairman and remained CEO until 1973 . Turner had originally intended to open a McDonald 's franchise , but when he had problems with his backers over a location , he went to work as a grillman for Kroc in 1956 . As operations vice president , Turner helped new franchisees get their stores up and running . He was constantly looking for new ways to perfect the McDonald 's system , experimenting , for example , to determine the maximum number of hamburger patties one could stack in a box without squashing them and pointing out that seconds could be saved if McDonald 's used buns that were presliced all the way through and were not stuck together in the package . Such attention to detail was one reason for the company 's extraordinary success . </P> <P> By the late 1960s , many of the candy - striped Golden Arches stores had been modified with enclosed walk - up order areas and limited indoor seating . In June 1969 , McDonald 's introduced a new `` mansard roof '' building design featuring indoor seating . The natural brick and cedar shake look mansards were a response to critics who berated McDonald 's architecture as too garish . It became the standard for McDonald 's restaurants , and franchise holders were ultimately required to demolish older restaurants and replace them with the new design . The first McDonald 's restaurant using the `` mansard roof '' design opened that same year in the Chicago suburb of Matteson . </P> <P> McDonald 's spectacular growth continued in the 1970s . Americans were more on - the - go than ever , and fast service was a priority . In 1972 , the company passed $1 billion in annual sales . By 1976 , McDonald 's had served 20 billion hamburgers , and system wide sales exceeded $3 billion . </P> <P> The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers . Five years later McDonald 's added a full breakfast line to the menu , and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald 's restaurants . In test market locations , such as New York City , McDonald 's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975 . </P> <P> Kroc was a firm believer in giving `` something back into the community where you do business '' . In 1974 McDonald 's acted upon that philosophy in an original way by opening the first Ronald McDonald House , in Philadelphia , to provide a `` home away from home '' for the families of children in nearby hospitals . Twelve years after this first house opened , 100 similar Ronald McDonald Houses were in operation across the United States . </P> <P> There was some skepticism in the company 's phenomenal growth internationally . When Wally and Hugh Morris approached the corporation in 1974 to bring McDonald 's into New Zealand , they were firmly shunned by Kroc , citing a visit to the country and saying `` There are n't any people ... I never met a more dead - than - alive hole in my life . '' Persistence by the brothers eventually led to their request being granted in May 1975 . They managed to negotiate a deal with the corporation by selling New Zealand cheese to the US to offset the high costs of importing plant equipment . The first New Zealand restaurant opened in June 1976 at Porirua , near Wellington , to much more success than the corporation predicted . </P> <P> In 1975 , McDonald 's opened its first drive - thru window in Sierra

McDonald's sold 1 million burgers

When did mcdonald's sell 1 million burgers?

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FIFA World Cup hosts - wikipedia <H1> FIFA World Cup hosts </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Map of FIFA World Cup final hosts , 1930 -- 2014 . Dark green : twice ; middle green : once ; light green : planned until 2022 <P> Sixteen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition 's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930 . The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA 's congress . The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments , given the three - week boat journey between South America and Europe , the two centers of strength in football at the time . </P> <P> The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay , for example , led to only four European nations competing . The next two World Cups were both held in Europe . The decision to hold the second of these , the 1938 FIFA World Cup , in France was controversial , as the South American countries had been led to understand that the World Cup would rotate between the two continents . </P> <P> Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the tournament . The first tournament following World War II , held in Brazil in 1950 , had three teams withdraw due to either financial problems or disagreements with the organization . </P> <P> To avoid any future boycotts or controversy , FIFA began a pattern of alternation between the Americas and Europe , which continued until the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Asia . The system evolved so that the host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA 's Council ( former Executive Committee ) . This is done under an exhaustive ballot system . The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament , though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament . </P> <P> Only Mexico , Italy , France , Germany ( West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup ) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions . Mexico City 's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro 's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals . Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host , being split between Japan and South Korea . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 List of hosts </Li> <Li> 2 1930 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 3 1934 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 4 1938 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 5 Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946 </Li> <Li> 6 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups <Ul> <Li> 6.1 1949 bid </Li> <Li> 6.2 1951 bid </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 1958 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 8 1962 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 9 1966 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 10 1970 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 11 1974 , 1978 , 1982 FIFA World Cups <Ul> <Li> 11.1 1974 results </Li> <Li> 11.2 1978 results </Li> <Li> 11.3 1982 results </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 1986 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 13 1990 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 14 1994 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 15 1998 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 16 2002 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 17 2006 FIFA World Cup <Ul> <Li> 17.1 Controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 18 2010 FIFA World Cup <Ul> <Li> 18.1 Controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 19 2014 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 20 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups <Ul> <Li> 20.1 Accusations of bribery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 21 2026 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 22 2030 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 23 2034 FIFA World Cup </Li> <Li> 24 Total bids by country </Li> <Li> 25 Host country performances </Li> <Li> 26 References </Li> <Li> 27 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> List of hosts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Host </Th> <Th> Continent </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1934 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Cancelled due to World War II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1946 </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Cancelled due to World War II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> Uruguay </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1958 </Td> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1962 </Td> <Td> Chile </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> Argentina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> West Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> North America </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 </Td> <Td> South Korea / Japan </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> Africa </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> South America </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Europe </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2022 </Td> <Td> Qatar </Td> <Td> Asia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2026 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2030 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> 1930 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1930 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> Hungary </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Spain </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Uruguay </Li> </Ul> <P> Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first - ever World Cup host , a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay . The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew , followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy . Then both Italy and Spain withdrew , in favour of the only remaining candidate , Uruguay . The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona , Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision , and Uruguay was chosen without a vote . </P> <P> Results : </P> <Ol> <Li> Uruguay </Li> <Li> Italy withdrew </Li> <Li> Spain withdrew </Li> <Li> Sweden withdrew </Li> <Li> Netherlands withdrew </Li> <Li> Hungary withdrew </Li> </Ol> <P> Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay . For that reason , the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario . </P> <H2> 1934 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1934 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> </Ul> <P> Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote , allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup . The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm , Sweden and Zürich , Switzerland on 14 May 1932 . The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932 . </P> <P> Results : </P> <Ol> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Sweden withdrew </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1938 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1938 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> France </Li> <Li> Germany </Li> </Ul> <P> Without any nations withdrawing their bids before the vote , the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin , Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host of the World Cup . Electing France took only one ballot , as France had more than half of the votes in the first round . </P> <P> Results : </P> <Ol> <Li> France , 19 votes </Li> <Li> Argentina , 3 votes </Li> <Li> Germany , 1 vote </Li> </Ol> <H2> Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946 ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bids for 1942 : </P> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Brazil </Li> <Li> Germany </Li> </Ul> <P> Cancelled FIFA election of the host due to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 . </P> <P> Bids for 1946 : </P> <Ul> <Li> none </Li> </Ul> <H2> 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : 1950 FIFA World Cup and 1954 FIFA World Cup <H3> 1949 bid ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bid : </P> <Ul> <Li> Brazil </Li> </Ul> <P> Brazil , Argentina , and Germany had official bid for the 1942 World Cup , but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II . The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949 , but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City , Luxembourg , the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950 . </P> <P> Result : </P> <Ol> <Li> Brazil </Li> </Ol> <H3> 1951 bid ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bid : </P> <Ul> <Li> Switzerland </Li> </Ul> <P> The 1951 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946 , the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup , in Luxembourg City . On 27 July , the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals for three years , deciding it should take place in 1954 . </P> <P> Result : </P> <Ol> <Li> Switzerland </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1958 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : 1958 FIFA World Cup § Host selection , and 1958 FIFA World Cup <P> Bid : </P> <Ul> <Li> Sweden </Li> </Ul> <P> Argentina , Chile , Mexico , and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament . Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals . Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950 . </P> <P> Result : </P> <Ol> <Li> Sweden </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1962 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1962 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Chile </Li> <Li> West Germany </Li> </Ul> <P> West Germany withdrew before the vote , which took place in Lisbon , Portugal on 10 June 1956 , leaving two remaining bids . In one round of voting , Chile won over Argentina . </P> <P> Results : </P> <Ol> <Li> Chile , 32 votes </Li> <Li> Argentina , 11 votes </Li> <Li> West Germany withdrew </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1966 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1966 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> England </Li> <Li> West Germany </Li> <Li> Spain </Li> </Ul> <P> Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress , held in Rome , Italy on 22 August 1960 . Again , there was only one round of voting , with England defeating West Germany for the hosting position . </P> <P> Results : </P> <Ol> <Li> England , 34 votes </Li> <Li> West Germany , 27 votes </Li> <Li> Spain withdrew </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1970 FIFA World Cup ( edit ) </H2> Main article : 1970 FIFA World Cup <P> Bids : </P> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> Colombia </Li>

The United States hosted the World Cup in

When did the united states host the world cup?

-2034478087738208526

Michael Stivic - wikipedia <H1> Michael Stivic </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary . It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context . Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot . ( August 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( September 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Michael Stivic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Mike `` Meathead '' Stivic ( Rob Reiner , top ) with rest of Bunkers , Archie ( Carroll O'Connor , bottom ) . Edith ( Jean Stapleton , left ) , and Gloria ( Sally Struthers , right ) in cast photo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> `` Meet the Bunkers '' ( All in the Family ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Last appearance </Th> <Td> `` Thanksgiving Reunion : Part 2 '' ( Archie Bunker 's Place ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Norman Lear Based on Mike Rawlins , a character created by Johnny Speight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> Rob Reiner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> College student , then professor ( 1975 - ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Edith Bunker ( mother in - law ) 1971 - 1980 , her death Archie Bunker ( father in - law ) 1971 - 1982 ( ? ) Casimir `` Cas '' Stivic ( uncle ) Alexsander `` Alex '' Stivic ( uncle ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Gloria Bunker Stivic ( 1971 - 1982 ) ( ? ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> Joey Stivic ( son ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Michael Casimir `` Mike '' Stivic is a fictional character on the 1970s American television sitcom All in the Family . He was the live - in son - in - law of the series ' lead character , Archie Bunker , who frequently called him `` Meathead '' . Michael was the husband of Archie 's daughter Gloria ( played by Sally Struthers ) . Rob Reiner played the role of Michael Stivic throughout the series . </P> <H2> Character overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> The character of Michael Stivic is an Americanized version of the British original : Till Death Us Do Part 's Mike Rawlins , the Trotskyist `` Randy Scouse Git '' who arouses the passionate ire of his arch - conservative father - in - law Alf Garnett . For the American version of this character , the Trotskyist angle was drastically softened : Michael Stivic is a social liberal and a leftist , but not an adherent of any form of communism and is presented as possibly a Democrat who is sympathetic to the Students for a Democratic Society movement ( SDS ) , which is hinted by his occasional use of SDS ally and Yippie leader Abbie Hoffman 's guerrilla theatre antics . </P> <P> Michael Stivic is a Polish - American from Chicago . He was orphaned at a young age , with his parents having been killed in a car crash . He was raised by his uncle Casimir Stivic , an ex-Marine lieutenant turned florist , who calls him `` Mickey '' with great affection . He also has an uncle Alex . </P> <P> When All in the Family begins , Michael is married to Gloria and shares a bedroom with her in the home of her parents , whom he addresses as `` Ma '' and `` Archie '' ( or `` Arch '' ) , while focusing his efforts on earning a college degree in sociology . His first meeting with Archie ( seen in a flashback ) shows him as a bearded hippie with a tie - dyed shirt . His wardrobe throughout most of the series is much more subdued : most often he wears a denim shirt , jeans , and boots . He shaves his beard for his wedding with Gloria , but keeps his mustache afterwards ( on rare occasions later in the series , however , he would go for a clean - shaven look ) and wears his hair well below the collar . ( As Reiner was losing his hair very rapidly early on in the series , he began wearing a toupee when playing the character . ) In season 2 , episode 5 , `` Flashback : Mike Meets Archie '' ( mentioned above ) , which first aired October 16 , 1971 , Mike and Gloria celebrate their first wedding anniversary . A 1972 episode centers on Mike and Gloria 's second wedding anniversary , while in the 1978 episode The Stivics Go West it is revealed that Mike and Gloria are coming upon the ninth anniversary . </P> <P> Exacerbating the conflicts between college student Michael and his conservative father - in - law Archie Bunker , is the fact that in the early years of the television series , these two characters live under the same roof . This proximity means that the tensions between these seemingly diametrically opposed people result in endless arguments over the simplest of topics , even the proper order in which to put on socks and shoes . Along with other issues , such as Michael 's frequent decision to sit in Archie 's coveted chair and huge appetite for food purchased by Archie 's working - class income , their huge ideological differences greatly contributed to the conflict between the two characters . Michael is a determined agnostic - though he would at times identify himself as an atheist in order to rile up Archie , who assumed he was in complete disbelief of God - , in contrast to his mother - in - law 's quiet Christian church attendance and his non-practicing but nonetheless staunchly Christian father - in - law . He also is a dedicated humanitarian who wishes to help change the world : originally , Michael wanted to become a social worker , but his career aspirations shifted towards teaching as the series progressed . When the neighboring Jefferson family moves out of the neighborhood , the family patriarch George allows Michael to rent his old house so Michael and Gloria can have a home of their own . George , however , is still the house 's legal owner . Although being next door still results in frequent visits , the tension between Michael and Archie eases as they now live under different roofs . </P> <P> Despite his frequent conflicts with his father - in - law , Mike enjoys a warm relationship with his mother - in - law , Edith , whom he calls `` Ma '' . Edith frequently intervenes to try to defuse tensions between her husband and son - in - law , though she also occasionally takes Mike to task for initiating unnecessary arguments with Archie , and , in 1973 episode `` Games Bunkers Play '' , offers insight to Mike into Archie 's attitude toward him , suggesting that Archie had to drop out of high school to help support his family during the Depression , and that he resents the fact that Mike had the chance to attend college and advance his education . </P> <P> Michael is presented as a representative of the counterculture of the 1960s ( reflecting current events during the period in which the show was broadcast ) . There is no suggestion , however of the drug use or `` free love '' of that subculture and Michael is a dedicated academic . It is revealed in the season eight episode Gloria and Mike Meet that in 1969 , Michael 's dedication to humanitarianism was galvanized in order to weaken support for newly elected President Richard Nixon and that he was probably a member of the SDS 's newly formed Worker Student Alliance that sought to encourage university students to find ways to fix problems within the working class . </P> <P> Though supportive of human rights , Michael would at times display male chauvinism as well ; examples showed when he did not want his appendix removed by a female doctor and was a sore loser when playing a board game called Group Therapy with his family and neighbors . Though he differed with Archie over the potential successes women and racial minorities could achieve , Michael also believed that neither could socially evolve without good education from people like him ; such an example showed when he falsely characterized a blue - collar handyman 's African American assistant as a minstrel show stereotype who donned the same `` happy - go - lucky '' attire as his boss in the season 3 episode Everybody Tells the Truth ( Archie 's version is just as stereotyped -- the assistant is a member of the Black Power movement and his boss is a mafia thug ) . He was also determined to ensure that Gloria shared his beliefs . </P> <P> Although taken by surprise , Michael is excited to learn that Gloria is pregnant in 1971 , though the pregnancy ends in a miscarriage . Gloria becomes pregnant again in 1975 and their baby Joseph `` Joey '' Stivic is born in December of that year . </P> <P> During early episodes , Michael 's best friend is Lionel Jefferson . In the first season , Lionel surprises Michael by announcing that he and his family are moving into the house next door to the Bunkers . However , the characters rarely see or refer to each other after the Jeffersons leave All in the Family to join the spin - off The Jeffersons , George Jefferson , however , would later make a guest appearance at his old residence when the Stivics start preparing for their move to California and meet with him to give notice that they will no longer be staying in his house . Another of Michael 's close friends , Al Bender ( played by Billy Crystal ) , marries Gloria 's best friend Trudy Tannen in a 1976 episode . </P> <P> Mike accepts a faculty position at UCSB and he and Gloria move to Santa Barbara , California , at the end of the 1977 -- 78 season ( at which time Reiner and Struthers ceased to be regulars on the show ) . They appear in a Christmas episode during the 1978 -- 79 season , in which Archie and Edith ( and Edith 's niece Stephanie ) visit Michael and Gloria , exposing the fact that the couple have secretly separated due to troubles in their marriage , including an infidelity Gloria had with one of his college faculty colleagues . Though they seemingly resolve their differences during this episode , a Thanksgiving visit by Mike and Gloria to the Bunkers ' house during the 1979 - 80 season of Archie Bunker 's Place shows that the Stivics ' marriage is still troubled , exacerbated by Michael having lost his job after he and Gloria participated in a nude protest of a proposed nuclear power plant and got arrested . This is the last appearance of the character . </P> <P> Michael Stivic does not appear in the 1982 spin - off series Gloria , which starred Sally Struthers . Initially , Reiner had been asked to participate in

The role of Mike Stivic on the TV show "All in the Family" was played by

Who played mike stivic on all in the family?

580055902888419406

2018 College football Playoff national championship - wikipedia <H1> 2018 College football Playoff national championship </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Alabama Crimson Tide </Td> <Td> Georgia Bulldogs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( 12 -- 1 ) </Td> <Td> ( 13 -- 1 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SEC </Td> <Td> SEC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Head coach : Nick Saban </Td> <Td> Head coach : Kirby Smart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> AP </Td> <Td> Coaches </Td> <Td> CFP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> AP </Td> <Td> Coaches </Td> <Td> CFP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> OT </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 8 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Td> 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadium </Th> <Td> Mercedes - Benz Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> MVP </Th> <Td> Offensive : # 13 QB Tua Tagovailoa , Fr . Alabama Defensive : # 94 DT Da'Ron Payne , Jr . Alabama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Favorite </Th> <Td> Alabama by 3.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National anthem </Th> <Td> Zac Brown Band </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Dan Capron ( Big Ten ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Halftime show </Th> <Td> Georgia Redcoat Marching Band Million Dollar Band </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 77,430 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> United States TV coverage </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> ESPN / ESPN Radio / ESPN Deportes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Announcers </Th> <Td> Chris Fowler , Kirk Herbstreit , Maria Taylor and Tom Rinaldi ( ESPN ) Sean McDonough , Todd Blackledge , Holly Rowe and Ian Fitzsimmons ( ESPN Radio ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> College Football Playoff National Championship </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> < 2017 </Td> <Td> 2019 > </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined the national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season . The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26 -- 23 in overtime . Alabama overcame a 13 -- 0 deficit at halftime . Tua Tagovailoa and Da'Ron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game . </P> <P> The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season . Alabama and Georgia advanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and the Rose Bowl , respectively , on January 1 , 2018 . The championship game was played at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta , Georgia on January 8 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 2018 College Football Playoff </Li> <Li> 3 Teams <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Alabama </Li> <Li> 3.2 Georgia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Game summary <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Scoring summary </Li> <Li> 4.2 Statistics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcasting </Li> <Li> 6 Dispute </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta , Georgia was announced as the host site for the fourth College Football National Championship on November 4 , 2015 . </P> <H2> 2018 College football Playoff ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Semifinals </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Championship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> January 1 -- Sugar Bowl Mercedes - Benz Superdome , New Orleans </Td> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1 </Td> <Td> Clemson </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 </Td> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> January 8 -- National Championship Mercedes - Benz Stadium , Atlanta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 4 </Td> <Td> Alabama ( OT ) </Td> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> January 1 -- Rose Bowl Rose Bowl , Pasadena </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 3 </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="3"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2 </Td> <Td> Oklahoma </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 3 </Td> <Td> Georgia ( 2OT ) </Td> <Td> 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> This bracket : <Ul> <Li> view </Li> <Li> talk </Li> <Li> edit </Li> </Ul> <P> The College Football Playoff ( CFP ) selected four teams to advance to the playoff : the Clemson Tigers , Oklahoma Sooners , Georgia Bulldogs , and Alabama Crimson Tide . </P> <H2> Teams ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Alabama ( edit ) </H3> See also : 2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team <P> The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Clemson Tigers in the 2018 Sugar Bowl by a score of 24 -- 6 to reach the championship game . The Tide had a 12 -- 1 season , becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers . The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban . </P> <H3> Georgia ( edit ) </H3> See also : 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team <P> The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54 -- 48 in double overtime to reach the championship game . The Bulldogs had a 13 -- 1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers , 28 -- 7 . The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart . </P> <H2> Game summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> After winning the coin toss , Alabama deferred to the second half and Georgia received the ball to begin the game . After two plays , quarterback Jake Fromm attempted a pass downfield and was intercepted by Tony Brown . Alabama began their first drive of the game , and , after eleven plays , that drive ended with kicker Andy Pappanastos missing a 40 - yard field goal . The teams each had three - and - outs for the game 's first two punts . During Georgia 's ensuing drive , the quarter ended , with no score . </P> <P> After a failed third down conversion , on the second play of the second quarter , Georgia kicker Rodrigo Blankenship hit a 41 - yard field goal to open the scoring and put Georgia in the lead by three . Alabama 's ensuing drive went nowhere , as they gained four yards on three plays and punted . Georgia took the ball and drove down the field , and found themselves with a first and goal at the Alabama 10 - yard - line ; the Tide defense held , however , and the Bulldogs settled for a second field goal and took a 6 -- 0 lead with just over seven and a half minutes until half . On Alabama 's next drive , the Georgia defense held yet again and Alabama 's JK Scott punted for the third time . Just prior to the punt , Georgia wide receiver Javon Wims was shown walking to the locker room , reportedly with a left shoulder injury . Both defenses then forced punts , and Georgia took back over with 1 : 19 remaining in the half on their own 31 - yard - line . Nine plays later , on Alabama 's 1 - yard - line , Mecole Hardman took a direct snap , faked a handoff , and ran into the end zone for the game 's first touchdown , putting Georgia up 13 -- 0 going into halftime . </P> <P> Because they deferred the coin toss , Alabama received the ball first in the second half . They started their drive on their own 22 - yard - line . Tua Tagovailoa , Alabama 's backup quarterback , started the second half for the Tide ; that drive quickly resulted in a three - and - out . The initial punt was blocked , but an offside call gave the Tide another chance to punt . Georgia started their drive on their own 36 - yard - line , but punted on 4th & 17 . Alabama took over on their own 44 - yard - line . The teams then traded touchdowns on consecutive drives ; Alabama scored their first points of the game on a 6 - yard pass from Tagovailoa to Ruggs , but Georgia immediately responded with an 80 - yard touchdown connection from Fromm to Mecole Hardman , putting Georgia up 20 -- 7 . On the second play of Alabama 's ensuing drive , Tagovailoa , while scrambling to the left , threw into traffic and was intercepted by Georgia 's Deandre Baker . Up 13 , the Bulldogs took over possession of the ball on Alabama 's 39 - yard - line . The Tide defense responded immediately , however , as Raekwon Davis intercepted a Jake Fromm pass on the first play of Georgia 's drive , returning the pick to the UGA 40 - yard - line . The Tide gained fifteen yards on six plays and kicker Andy Pappanastos avenged his earlier miss with a 43 - yard field goal that put Bama within ten . The teams then traded punts . Just prior to Alabama 's punt , it was announced that an Alabama defensive back , Kyriq McDonald , had collapsed on the sideline ; the situation was described as a `` serious medical emergency '' . He was loaded onto a medical stretcher awake and conscious . Georgia could not muster anything on offense that drive , and punted . The fourth quarter saw Tagovailoa lead the Tide to come back and tie the game at 20 with 3 : 49 . With three seconds remaining in the game , Andy Pappanastos missed a potential game - winning 36 - yard field goal to the left , sending the game to overtime . </P> <P> In overtime , Georgia scored on a 51 - yard field goal . On Alabama 's first offensive play in overtime , Tagovailoa was sacked for a 16 - yard loss , but immediately followed that with a game - winning 41 - yard touchdown pass to DeVonta Smith . Tagovailoa was named the offensive player of the game , and Da'Ron Payne was named the defensive player of the game . </P> <H3> Scoring summary ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( hide ) Scoring summary </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Quarter </Th> <Th> Time </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Drive </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> Scoring information </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Plays </Th> <Th> Yards </Th> <Th> TOP </Th> <Th> Alabama </Th> <Th> Georgia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 14 : 14 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 7 : 40 </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 41 - yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 7 : 33 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> <Td> 5 : 19 </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> 27 - yard field goal by Rodrigo Blankenship </Td> <Td> 0

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Where is the college championship game being played at?

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What I Like About You ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> What I Like About You ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` What I Like About You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Romantics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album The Romantics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` First in Line '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1979 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Power pop </Li> <Li> new wave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2 : 55 </Li> <Li> 2 : 49 ( music video ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nemperor </Li> <Li> Epic </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wally Palmar </Li> <Li> Mike Skill </Li> <Li> Jimmy Marinos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Pete Solley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Romantics singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tell It to Carrie '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` What I Like About You '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` When I Look in Your Eyes '' ( 1980 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Tell It to Carrie '' ( 1978 ) </Td> <Td> `` What I Like About You '' ( 1980 ) </Td> <Td> `` When I Look in Your Eyes '' ( 1980 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` What I Like About You '' is a song by American rock band The Romantics . The song , written by Romantics members Wally Palmar , Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band 's self - titled debut album ( 1980 ) , and was also released as a single . Marinos , the band 's drummer , is the lead vocalist on the song . The band filmed a music video for the song that appeared frequently on MTV during the early 1980s . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and original version </Li> <Li> 2 Guitar Hero legal case </Li> <Li> 3 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 4 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 5 Seconds of Summer version <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Chart performance </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and original version ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` What I Like About You '' was written by Palmar , Marinos and Skill around a guitar part by Skill . The song 's `` Hey , uh - huh - huh '' refrain was influenced by The Yardbirds ' `` Over Under Sideways Down '' and Chuck Berry 's `` Back in the U.S.A. '' . The song 's riff is slightly similar to Neil Diamond 's `` Cherry , Cherry '' , The Standells 1966 hit `` Dirty Water '' , and Joe Jackson 's 1979 single `` I 'm the Man '' . The Romantics recorded the song and the accompanying album at Coconuts Recording Studio in Miami Beach , Florida . </P> <P> When first released , `` What I Like About You '' was already a popular song on the Romantics ' concert playlist . In terms of record sales and radio airplay , however , the song was only a moderate success at the time of its release , reaching only number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song did quite well in Australia however , reaching number two on the Australian Singles Chart ( Kent Music Report ) on its initial release . It was only towards the end of the 1980s , after the song had been licensed for use in television commercials for Budweiser beer , that `` What I Like About You '' grew to become one of the most popular rock anthems of all time . </P> <H2> Guitar Hero legal case ( edit ) </H2> <P> In November 2007 , The Romantics filed a federal lawsuit against Activision , the publisher of Guitar Hero Encore : Rocks the 80s , claiming that the video game manufacturer had infringed on the band 's rights by featuring a soundalike recording of `` What I Like About You '' in the game . The Romantics lost their case in December 2007 , with the judge stating that Activision had taken all the necessary steps in developing its product . </P> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1979 - 80 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart ( KMR ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2011 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Rock Digital Songs </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` What I Like About You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Poison </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Poison 'd ! </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Just What I Needed '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 25 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hard rock </Li> <Li> glam metal </Li> <Li> new wave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wally Palmar </Li> <Li> Mike Skill </Li> <Li> Jimmy Marinos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Don Was </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Poison singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` We 're an American Band '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` What I Like About You '' ( 2007 ) </Td> <Td> `` SexyBack '' ( 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` We 're an American Band '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` What I Like About You '' ( 2007 ) </Td> <Td> `` SexyBack '' ( 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Michael Morales released a version of `` What I Like About You '' in 1989 , as the follow - up to his hit `` Who Do You Give Your Love To '' . His version reached number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 , eclipsing the position of the original version . </Li> <Li> The Australian rock band Tlot Tlot covered the song on their 1995 album Fashion Takes a Holiday . </Li> <Li> Punk rock band The Suicide Machines covered the song for the 1999 -- release compilation album Before You Were Punk 2 . </Li> <Li> In 2002 , the alternative rock band Lillix recorded a version of the song , which was featured on the soundtrack of the Disney teen comedy film Freaky Friday ( the film 's star Lindsay Lohan also makes cameo appearance in the music video ) , which was released the following year , and the film 13 Going on 30 . Lillix 's recording of the song was also used as the theme song for The WB 's television series of the same name , starring Jennie Garth and Amanda Bynes and on the Japanese CD Roxy 's Jam ( 2006 ) . </Li> <Li> In 2004 , Nacker covered this song for the film What the Bleep Do We Know ! ? . </Li> <Li> It was covered by Michael Gough and Renee Sands ( as the singing voices of Shrek and Princess Fiona ) in the short Far Far Away Idol and in the CD Shrek 2 : Party CD . </Li> <Li> `` What I Like About You '' was covered by American rock band Poison as the lead single from their cover album Poison 'd ! ( 2007 ) . The band did a music video for the single as well . </Li> <Li> A revamped version of the song is featured at the end of the pilot episode for the 2016 Nickelodeon TV series School of Rock , performed by the main cast . </Li> </Ul> <P> Channel Ten and Southern Cross Ten used the song to advertise their television channel in 2005 -- 06 . They used three different versions of the song , all performed by Green Dragon . The first , used from February -- December 2005 was the original version of the song . The second , used from December 2005 -- February 2006 was a dance mix . The third , used from February -- December 2006 was an R&B mix ; the song was again used from December 2006 -- February 2007 in Ten 's summer promos . </P> <H3> 5 Seconds of Summer version ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` What I Like About You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by 5 Seconds of Summer </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the EP She Looks So Perfect </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> December 2 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2013 -- 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop punk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 31 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wally Palmar </Li> <Li> Mike Skill </Li> <Li> Jimmy Marinos </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Feldmann </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 5 Seconds of Summer singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Good Girls '' ( 2014 ) </Td> <Td> `` What I Like About You '' ( 2014 ) </Td> <Td> `` She 's Kinda Hot '' ( 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The song was covered by Australian rock band 5 Seconds of Summer for their 2014 She Looks So Perfect EP , reaching number 137 on the UK Singles Chart . The studio mix of the song is included on the group 's 2014 live album , LiveSOS , and was serviced to American mainstream radio on December 2 , 2014 as its lead single . It received strong airplay for the week ending December 28 , 2014 and debuted on the Billboard Pop Songs chart , where it has since peaked at number 30 . </P> <P> The band performed the song live at the 2014 American Music Awards on November 23 , 2014 ahead of its release . </P> Music video ( edit ) <P> A lyric video for the live version was uploaded to 5 Seconds of Summer 's Vevo account November 23 , 2014 , the same day as their AMA performance . The official music video was directed by Tom van Schelven and premiered on December 5 , 2014 . It uses the live audio rather than the studio mix and features concert footage from the group 's performance at The Forum near Los Angeles , as well behind - the - scenes clips and shots of the audience . </P> Chart performance ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratip Flanders ) </Td> <Td> 76 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 137 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Prato , Greg . `` The Romantics -- Artist Biography '' . AllMusic . All

The song "What I Like About You" was originally sung by

Who sang what i like about you originally?

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on iOS 11 iPads </Li> <Li> The Payment Request API has been introduced </Li> </Ul> <P> Android version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Download files faster with accelerated downloads </Li> <Li> View and copy passwords saved with Chrome if device lock is enabled </Li> <Li> Quickly see your data savings in the Chrome menu when Data Saver is on </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 63.0. 3239 </Td> <Td> 2017 - 12 - 05 ( iOS ) 2017 - 12 - 05 ( Android ) 2017 - 12 - 06 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.3. 292 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Various fixes from internal audits , fuzzing and other initiatives </Li> <Li> `` A number of fixes and improvements . '' </Li> <Li> Browser allows you to import JavaScript modules dynamically </Li> <Li> With async generator functions and the async iteration protocol , consumption or implementation of streaming data sources becomes streamlined </Li> <Li> You can override the browser 's default overflow scroll behavior with the CSS overscroll - behavior property </Li> </Ul> <P> iOS version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Swipe up on the New Tab Page to explore suggested content from the web </Li> <Li> The ability to reorder bookmarks is back ! </Li> </Ul> <P> Android version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chrome for Android will make permission requests modal dialogs </Li> <Li> `` Stability and performance improvements . '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 64.0. 3282 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 01 - 23 ( Android ) 2018 - 01 - 24 ( iOS ) 2018 - 01 - 24 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.4. 388 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` A number of fixes and improvements . '' </Li> <Li> Support for ResizeObservers , will notify you when an element 's content rectangle has changed its size . </Li> <Li> Modules can now access to host specific metadata with import. meta . </Li> <Li> The pop - up blocker gets stronger . </Li> <Li> window. alert ( ) no longer changes tab focus . </Li> <Li> Chrome now supports named captures in regular expressions . </Li> <Li> The default preload value for < audio > and < video > elements is now metadata . </Li> <Li> You can now use Request. prototype. cache to view the cache mode of a Request and determine whether a request is a reload request . </Li> <Li> Using the Focus Management API , you can now focus an element without scrolling to it with the preventScroll attribute . </Li> </Ul> <P> Android version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Prevents sites with abusive ad experiences from opening new windows or tabs without your permission . </Li> <Li> `` Stability and performance improvements . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> iOS version : </P> <Ul> <Li> You can now disable Article Suggestions without also disabling omnibox suggestions by going to Chrome Settings </Li> <Li> If you previously turned off `` Search and Site Suggestions '' to disable Article Suggestions and would like to turn back on your Search Suggestions in the omnibox , you can do that from Chrome Settings > Privacy </Li> <Li> Support for iPhone X </Li> <Li> Now requires iOS 10 or later </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 65.0. 3325 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 03 - 06 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) 2018 - 03 - 06 ( iOS ) 2018 - 03 - 06 ( Android ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.5. 254 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` A number of fixes and improvements . '' </Li> <Li> New extension UI </Li> <Li> The CSS Paint API allows you to programmatically generate an image </Li> <Li> The Server Timing API allows web servers to provide performance timing information via HTTP headers </Li> <Li> The new CSS display : contents property can make boxes disappear </Li> <Li> Fixed a bug that affected some timestamps </Li> <Li> The syntax for specifying HSL and HSLA , and RGB and RGBA coordinates for the color property now match the CSS Color 4 spec </Li> <Li> There 's a new feature policy that allows you to control synchronous XHRs through an HTTP header or the iframe allow attribute </Li> </Ul> <P> Android version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Set language preferences for web content in Settings > Languages </Li> <Li> Turn on the prompt for simplified view for all supported articles in Settings > Accessibility settings </Li> <Li> Share and delete downloads more easily on the Downloads page </Li> </Ul> <P> iOS version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Fixed a bug that affected some streaming audio players </Li> <Li> Stability and performance improvements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 66.0. 3359 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 04 - 17 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) 2018 - 04 - 17 ( iOS ) 2018 - 04 - 17 ( Android ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.6. 346 </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` A number of fixes and improvements . '' </Li> <Li> CSS manipulation becomes easier with the new CSS Typed Model Object </Li> <Li> Access to the clipboard is now asynchronous </Li> <Li> There 's a new rendering context for canvas elements </Li> <Li> TextArea and Select now support the autocomplete attribute </Li> <Li> Setting autocapitalize on a form element will apply to any child form fields , improving compatibility with Safari 's implementation of autocapitalize </Li> <Li> trimStart ( ) and trimEnd ( ) are now available as the standards - based way of trimming whitespace from strings </Li> </Ul> <P> Android version : </P> <Ul> <Li> Find your saved passwords more easily -- just tap the new Search icon in Settings > Passwords </Li> </Ul> <P> iOS version </P> <Ul> <Li> Export passwords saved in Chrome and use them in another app </Li> <Li> Stability and performance improvements </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67.0. 3396 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 04 - 26 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.7 </Td> <Td> Current Beta channel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 67.0 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 03 - 16 ( Linux , macOS and Windows ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.7 </Td> <Td> Current Dev channel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 68.0 </Td> <Td> 2018 - 04 - 14 ( Windows and macOS ) 2018 - 04 - 18 ( Android ) </Td> <Td> Blink 537.36 </Td> <Td> 6.8 </Td> <Td> Current Canary channel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Major version </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th> Layout engine </Th> <Th> V8 engine </Th> <Th> Significant changes </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Release date is the date of first release . All channels have subsequent updates which are not shown . For release update history see Google Chrome Releases . </Li> <Li> The first stable release in Windows , macOS and Linux was Google Chrome 5.0. 375 . The first stable release on Android was Chrome 18.0. 1025123 ( Chrome for Android ) . </Li> <Li> Old development and beta builds are not shown after they become stable releases . </Li> <Li> As of Chrome 26 , Linux installations of the browser may be updated only on systems that support GCC v4. 6 and GTK v2. 24 or later . Thus systems such as Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 LTS , Debian 6 's 2.20 , and RHEL 6 's 2.18 are now among those marked as deprecated . </Li> <Li> As of Chrome 59 , Linux Chrome defaults to GTK + 3 . Older versions of Linux , e.g. RHEL 6 or CentOS 6 , with only GTK + 2 support , are not able to run this version of Chrome . Red Hat 's GTK + 2 build of Firefox ESR is probably the last remaining regularly updated browser on RHEL 6 / CentOS 6 . </Li> <Li> Versions 6 -- 32 had Google Chrome Frame counterparts , until its development was discontinued . </Li> <Li> As of version 50 , macOS 10.6 , 10.7 , 10.8 , Windows XP and Vista are no longer supported . </Li> <Li> Standalone builds can be found on Google 's Chromium Browser Continuous build server . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` OmahaProxy CSV Viewer '' . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Refs - v8 / v8. git - Git at Google '' . Google . Retrieved May 16 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A fresh take on the browser '' . September 1 , 2008 . Retrieved July 11 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Google Chrome Releases : Stable Update : Google Chrome 2.0. 172.28 '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Laforge , Anthony . `` Stable Channel Update '' . Google . Retrieved May 25 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Google Chrome Releases : Stable Channel Update March 17 , 2010 '' . googlechromereleases.blogspot.com . March 17 , 2010 . Retrieved April 8 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rakowski , Brian ( May 25 , 2010 ) . `` Evolving from beta to stable with a faster version of Chrome '' . Google . Retrieved May 25 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Adobe Flash Player support now enabled in Google Chrome 's stable channel '' . June 30 , 2010 . Retrieved August 8 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rakowski , Brian ( May 25 , 2010 ) . `` A new Chrome stable release : Welcome , Mac and Linux ! '' . Google . Retrieved August 28 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bringing improved PDF support to Google Chrome '' . Chromium Blog . June 17 , 2010 . Retrieved October 24 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bringing another Chrome release to you , right on time '' . Google . Retrieved October 24 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stable , Beta Channel Updates '' . Google . Retrieved December 3 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Safer plug - ins , faster search , and richer graphics '' . Google . Retrieved December 17 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` WebP Home '' . Google . Retrieved February 3 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dev Channel Update '' . Google . Retrieved January 21 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Issue 48607 : Sandbox GPU process '' . Retrieved March 21 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A New Crankshaft for V8 '' . Google . Retrieved December 17 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Chrome Releases : Chrome Stable Release '' . googlechromereleases.blogspot.com . March 8 , 2011 . Retrieved April 8 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Chrome Beta Release '' . March 22 , 2011 . Retrieved March 23 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rura , Steve ( March 2011 ) . `` A fresh take on an icon '' . Retrieved March 22 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Chrome Stable Release '' . June 7 , 2011 . Retrieved June 7 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Google Operating System : Chrome shifts into a new gear '' . Google Operating System ( Unofficial Google Blog ) . June 7 , 2011 . Retrieved February 4 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bentzel , Chris ( June 16 , 2011 ) . `` Google Chrome Blog : Faster than fast '' . chrome.blogspot.com . Retrieved August 21 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Building better web apps with a new Chrome Beta '' . Retrieved August 15 , 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Langley , Adam ( August 16 , 2010 ) . `` DNSSEC authenticated HTTPS in Chrome '' . ImperialViolet . Retrieved April 8 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^

The latest version of Chrome for Linux is

What is the latest version of chrome for linux?

-8631848132000982945

Blighted ovum - wikipedia <H1> Blighted ovum </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Anembryonic gestation </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Transvaginal ultrasonography showing a gestational sac with a diameter of 28 mm , corresponding to a gestational age of approximately 7 weeks and 5 days . It contains a yolk sac ( protruding from its lower part ) but no embryo , even after scanning across all planes of the gestational sac , thus being diagnostic of an anembryonic gestation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Classification and external resources </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Specialty </Th> <Td> obstetrics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ICD - 10 </Th> <Td> O02. 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ICD - 9 - CM </Th> <Td> 631 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ( edit on Wikidata ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation ( anembryonic pregnancy ) is a pregnancy in which the embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed . It typically results in a miscarriage . In a normal pregnancy , an embryo would be visible on an ultrasound by six weeks after the woman 's last menstrual period . Anembryonic gestation is one of the causes of miscarriage of a pregnancy . </P> <P> A blighted ovum or anembryonic gestation is characterized by a normal - appearing gestational sac , but the absence of an embryo . It likely occurs as a result of early embryonic death with continued development of the trophoblast . When small , the sac can not be distinguished from the early normal pregnancy , as there may be a yolk sac , though a fetal pole is not seen . For diagnosis , the sac must be of sufficient size that the absence of normal embryonic elements is established . The criteria depends on the type of ultrasound exam performed . A pregnancy is anembryonic if a transvaginal ultrasound reveals a sac with a mean gestational sac diameter ( MGD ) greater than 25 mm and no yolk sac , or an MGD > 25 mm with no embryo . Transabdominal imaging without transvaginal scanning may be sufficient for diagnosing early pregnancy failure when an embryo whose crown -- rump length is 15 mm or more has no visible cardiac activity . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ovum </Li> <Li> Products of conception </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Kim Mackenzie - Morris . `` What is a blighted ovum ? '' . Babycentre.co.uk . Retrieved 19 December 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Blighted Ovum : Symptoms , Causes and Prevention '' . American Pregnancy Association . 2012 - 04 - 26 . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Blighted ovum : What causes it ? '' . Mayo Clinic . Retrieved 2017 - 09 - 09 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hoffman , Barbara ( 2012 ) . Williams gynecology . New York : McGraw - Hill Medical . p. 171 . ISBN 9780071716727 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Campion , Edward W. ; Doubilet , Peter M. ; Benson , Carol B. ; Bourne , Tom ; Blaivas , Michael ( 10 October 2013 ) . `` Diagnostic Criteria for Nonviable Pregnancy Early in the First Trimester '' . New England Journal of Medicine . 369 ( 15 ) : 1443 -- 1451 . doi : 10.1056 / NEJMra1302417 . PMID 24106937 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Blighted Ovum on WebMD </Li> <Li> Anembryonic pregnancy on Radiopaedia.org </Li> <Li> Johnson , MR ; Riddle , AF ; Sharma , V ; Collins , WP ; Nicolaides , KH ; Grudzinskas , JG ( January 1993 ) . `` Placental and ovarian hormones in anembryonic pregnancy '' . Human reproduction ( Oxford , England ) . 8 ( 1 ) : 112 -- 5 . PMID 8458911 . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blighted_ovum&oldid=805649389 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Human pregnancy </Li> <Li> Health issues in pregnancy </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Infobox medical condition </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 October 2017 , at 19 : 20 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

At 7 weeks of pregnancy, the presence of a gestational sac and yolk sac but no visible baby is indicative of

Gestational sac and yolk sac but no baby at 7 weeks?

-1861449238368733677

Hector ( ship ) - Wikipedia <H1> Hector ( ship ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Hector <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Pictou , Nova Scotia , Canada . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Museum ship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> shiphector.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of Nova Scotia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bluenose </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Events </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Port Royal established </Td> <Td> 1605 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Conquest of Acadia </Td> <Td> 1710 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Halifax established </Td> <Td> 1749 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bay of Fundy Campaign </Td> <Td> 1755 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fall of Louisbourg </Td> <Td> 1758 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Representative Government established </Td> <Td> 1758 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Halifax Treaties </Td> <Td> 1760 - 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First significant Scottish immigration </Td> <Td> 1773 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Battle of Fort Cumberland </Td> <Td> 1776 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birchtown established </Td> <Td> 1783 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capture of USS Chesapeake </Td> <Td> 1813 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Freedom of the Press </Td> <Td> 1835 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Acadian MLA elected </Td> <Td> 1837 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Responsible Government established </Td> <Td> 1848 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ‪ Chesapeake Affair </Td> <Td> 1861 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Co Op Movement begins </Td> <Td> 1861 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ‪ Anti-Confederation Party elected </Td> <Td> 1867 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saxby Gale </Td> <Td> 1869 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Launch of William D. Lawrence </Td> <Td> 1873 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First airplane in the British Commonwealth </Td> <Td> 1909 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Halifax Explosion </Td> <Td> 1917 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nova Scotia ( Women 's ) Franchise Act </Td> <Td> 1918 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Launch of Bluenose </Td> <Td> 1922 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coal Miners ' Memorial Day </Td> <Td> 1925 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pugwash Conferences established </Td> <Td> 1957 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Springhill mining disaster </Td> <Td> 1958 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NS Human Rights Commission established </Td> <Td> 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Acadian Federation of Nova Scotia established </Td> <Td> 1968 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First ' Treaty Day ' </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Westray Mine explosion </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> First Black MLA elected </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mi'kmaq - Nova Scotia - Canada Tripartite Forum </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Viola Desmond Apology </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Military history of Nova Scotia </Li> <Li> Military history of the Acadians </Li> <Li> Military history of the Mi'kmaq people </Li> <Li> History of Halifax </Li> <Li> Black Nova Scotians </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nova Scotia portal </Li> <Li> History of Canada portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Hector was a ship famous for having been part of the first significant migration of Scottish settlers to Nova Scotia in 1773 . The replica of the original ship is located at the Hector Heritage Quay , a heritage center run by local volunteers , in Pictou . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Replica </Li> <Li> 3 Specifications </Li> <Li> 4 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Hector at Heritage Quay , 2012 Hector Pioneer Monument , Pictou , Nova Scotia by internationally renowned Nova Scotian sculptor John Wilson . <P> A full rigged Fluyt , Hector ( built in the Netherlands before 1750 ) was employed in local trade in waters off the British Isles as well as the immigrant trade to North America , having made at least one trip c. 1770 carrying Scottish emigrants to Boston , Massachusetts . </P> <P> In 1762 the earliest of the Fuadaich nan Gàidheal ( Scottish Highland Clearances ) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands . The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on `` St. - John 's Island '' ( Prince Edward Island ) in 1770 , with later ships following in 1772 , and 1774 . In 1773 a ship named The Hector landed in Pictou , Nova Scotia , with 189 settlers , mostly originating from Lochbroom . In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement -- a law restricting land - ownership on Cape Breton Island -- was repealed , and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic - speaking . It is estimated more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers emigrated to Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island between 1815 and 1870 . </P> <P> Her famous voyage took place in 1773 with a departure date around the second week of July , carrying 189 Highlanders who were immigrating to Nova Scotia . The vessel 's owner , Mr. John Pagan , along with Dr. John Witherspoon , purchased three shares of land near Pictou , Nova Scotia . Pagan and Witherspoon hired John Ross as a recruiting agent for settlers willing to emigrate to Pictou with an offer of free passage , 1 year of free provisions , and a farm . The settlers ( 23 families , 25 single men ) were recruited at Greenock Renfrewshire and at Lochbroom ( Ross - shire ) with the majority being from Lochbroom . The settlers that boarded Hector were poor , `` obscure , illiterate crofters and artisans from Northern ( Scotland ) , who spoke Gaelic . '' The school teacher , William McKenzie was one of the few passengers on the Hector to speak both Gaelic and English . </P> <P> Hector was an old ship and in poor condition when she left Europe . The arduous voyage to Pictou took 11 weeks , with a gale off Newfoundland causing a 14 - day delay . Dysentery and smallpox claimed 18 lives amongst the passengers . The vessel arrived in Pictou Harbour on September 15 , landing at Brown 's Point , immediately west of the present - day town of Pictou . </P> <P> The year 's free provisions never materialized for the passengers of Hector . They had to hurry to build shelter without those provisions before winter set in and starved them . </P> <H2> Replica ( edit ) </H2> <P> During the late 1980s and early 1990s , heritage officials in Nova Scotia sought to commemorate the Hector 's contribution to Nova Scotia 's Scottish history . In 1992 , the Ship Hector Foundation was formed from a group of volunteers in Pictou County and elsewhere who began to raise funds for the construction , maintenance and operation of a replica of Hector . </P> <P> The Hector Heritage Quay , along with the Ship Hector Company Store were opened on the Pictou waterfront in the ensuing years . The marine architect firm J.B. McGuire Marine Associates Ltd. was commissioned to research the particulars of the original Hector and to develop blueprints for an accurate replica . Scotia Trawlers of Lunenburg , Nova Scotia were commissioned to complete phase one and two of the construction at the Hector Heritage Quay , which allowed visitors to the Pictou waterfront to observe the ship 's progress , making it an important local attraction . After several years of construction , the replica Hector was launched with great fanfare and media coverage on September 17 , 2000 . The date had been delayed due to poor weather on the 16th . </P> <P> The Quay , opened May to October , offers a three story interpretive centre , along with blacksmith , carpentry , and rigger shops . </P> <H2> Specifications ( edit ) </H2> <P> Year built : before 1750 Location : Netherlands Deck length overall : 25.9 m ( 85 ft ) Beam : 6.7 m ( 22 ft ) Gross tonnage : 200 Number of masts : 3 Owner : Mr. John Pagan , a merchant in Greenock , Renfrewshire , Scotland </P> <H2> Bibliography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Boudreau , Michael . `` A ' Rare and Unusual Treat of Historical Significance ' : The 1923 Hector Celebration and the Political Economy of the Past . '' Journal of Canadian Studies 28 ( 4 ) ( 1993 ) : 28 - 48 . </Li> <Li> Bumsted , J.M. ( 1981 ) . Scottish Emigration to the Maritimes , 1770 - 1815 : A New Look at an Old Theme. 10 . pp. 65 -- 85 . </Li> <Li> Campey , Lucille H. `` After the Hector '' Toronto : Natural Heritage / Natural History Inc. , 2004 </Li> <Li> MacKay , Donald . Scotland Farewell : The People of the Hector . Toronto : Natural Heritage / Natural History Inc. , 2001 . </Li> <Li> Reid , Leonard M. Sons of the Hector . New Glasgow , Nova Scotia : Hector Publishing Co. , 1973 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Historian Ian McKay and Robin Bates note that there were many Scots already in Nova Scotia prior to the arrival of the Hector ( See In the Province of History . McGill - Queens. 2010 . p. 271 - 272 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Leonard M. Reid , Sons of the Hector ( New Glasgow , Nova Scotia : Hector Publishing Co. , 1973 ) , 9 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` The Case of Gaelic ( selection from The Encyclopedia of Canada 's Peoples / Scots / J.m. Bumsted ) '' . Archived from the original on December 26 , 2012 . Retrieved August 28 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ unknown ( 2005 ) . `` Hector Festival '' . DeCoste Centre . Archived from the original on February 21 , 2009 . Retrieved November 19 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kennedy , Michael ( 2002 ) . `` Gaelic Economic - impact Study '' ( PDF ) . Nova Scotia Museum . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on 2006 - 08 - 28 . Retrieved 2006 - 08 - 30 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ron Wallis , `` History of Pictou '' , Town of Pictou Nova Scotia , accessed November 2 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Donald MacKay , Scotland Farewell : The People of the Hector ( Toronto : Natural Heritage / Natural History Inc , 2001 ) , vii . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Leonard M. Reid , Sons of the Hector ( New Glasgow , Nova Scotia : Hector Publishing Co. , 1973 ) , 13 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Randal W. Oulton and Penelope Chrisholm , `` The Hector Passenger List , Arrived in Pictou 1773 '' , Pictou County Nova Scotia GenWeb , accessed November 2 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Hector Story '' , Town of Pictou Nova Scotia , accessed November 2 , 2008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Leonard M. Reid , Sons of the Hector ( New Glasgow , Nova Scotia : Hector Publishing Co. , 1973 ) , 18 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to : Hector ( ship ) ( category ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Hector Heritage Quay - official website </Li> <Li> Hector passenger list </Li> </Ul> <P> Coordinates : 45 ° 40 ′ 29 '' N 62 ° 42 ′ 37 '' W  /  45.67465 ° N 62.71022 ° W  / 45.67465 ; - 62.71022 </P> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hector_(ship)&oldid=821259872 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> History museums in Nova Scotia </Li> <Li> History of Scotland </Li> <Li> Ships of Scotland </Li> <Li> Museum ships in Nova Scotia </Li> <Li> Ships built in

The ship Hector arrived in Pictou in

When did the ship hector arrived in pictou?