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Let {Ei:i∈I} be a family of Riesz spaces and E＝Πi∈I Ei be th e Riesz product space.In this paper, concerning Riesz subspaces,ideals,bands,(principal) projection property,positive operators and Riesz homomorphisms,we show some relations between E and each factor spaces Ei.We also obta in the representation forms of Riesz homomorphisms and maximal ideals on E whenever E＝C(X) and Ei＝C(Xi) for realcompact space X and Xi. | 设{Ei:i∈I}是一族 Riesz空间且E＝Πi∈I Ei是R iesz乘积空间.关于Riesz子空间、理想、带、(主)投影性质、正算子和R i esz同态,指出E与每一个因子空间Ei之间的一些关系.当E＝C( X)和Ei＝C(Xi)(X和Xi为实紧空间)时,还得到E上Ri esz同态和极大理想的表示形式. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
设{Ei:i∈I}是一族 Riesz空间且E＝Πi∈I Ei是R iesz乘积空间.关于Riesz子空间、理想、带、(主)投影性质、正算子和R i esz同态,指出E与每一个因子空间Ei之间的一些关系.当E＝C( X)和Ei＝C(Xi)(X和Xi为实紧空间)时,还得到E上Ri esz同态和极大理想的表示形式. | Let {Ei:i∈I} be a family of Riesz spaces and E＝Πi∈I Ei be th e Riesz product space.In this paper, concerning Riesz subspaces,ideals,bands,(principal) projection property,positive operators and Riesz homomorphisms,we show some relations between E and each factor spaces Ei.We also obta in the representation forms of Riesz homomorphisms and maximal ideals on E whenever E＝C(X) and Ei＝C(Xi) for realcompact space X and Xi. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The existence of solutions of a Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem(BVP) for u″+g(u)=p(t,u,u′)(0≤t≤1) is studied by using a continuation theorem based on the topological degree theory. Under the condition that g grows superlinearly and p grows with respect to u and u′ linearly at most, the boundary value problem has an infinitude of solutions. | 应用拓扑度理论中的一个拓展定理讨论超线性方程u″+g(u)=p(t,u,u′)(0≤t≤1)的Sturm-Liouville边值问题多个解的存在性. 在g超线性增长且p关于后两个变量至多线性增长的条件下,所讨论的边值问题存在无穷多个解. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
应用拓扑度理论中的一个拓展定理讨论超线性方程u″+g(u)=p(t,u,u′)(0≤t≤1)的Sturm-Liouville边值问题多个解的存在性. 在g超线性增长且p关于后两个变量至多线性增长的条件下,所讨论的边值问题存在无穷多个解. | The existence of solutions of a Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem(BVP) for u″+g(u)=p(t,u,u′)(0≤t≤1) is studied by using a continuation theorem based on the topological degree theory. Under the condition that g grows superlinearly and p grows with respect to u and u′ linearly at most, the boundary value problem has an infinitude of solutions. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To study the Poisson theory of the generalized Birkhoff systems, the Lie algebra and the Poisson brackets were used to establish the Poisson theorem. The generalized Poisson condition for the first integral and the generalized Poisson theorem of the generalized Birkhoff systems are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result. | 利用Lie代数和Poisson括号建立广义Birkhoff系统的Poisson定理,得到广义Birkhoff系统关于第一积分的广义Poisson条件,提出了广义Poisson定理,并举例说明结果的应用. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
利用Lie代数和Poisson括号建立广义Birkhoff系统的Poisson定理,得到广义Birkhoff系统关于第一积分的广义Poisson条件,提出了广义Poisson定理,并举例说明结果的应用. | To study the Poisson theory of the generalized Birkhoff systems, the Lie algebra and the Poisson brackets were used to establish the Poisson theorem. The generalized Poisson condition for the first integral and the generalized Poisson theorem of the generalized Birkhoff systems are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The semi-analytic perturbation weighted residuals method was used to solve the nonlinear bending problem of shallow shells, and the fifth order B-spline was taken as trial function to seek an efficient method for nonlinear bending problem of shallow shells. The results from the present method are in good agreement with those derived from other methods. The present method is of higher accuracy, lower computing time and wider adaptability. In addition, the design of computer program is simple and it is easy to be programmed. | 用半解析摄动加权残值法求解扁壳非线性弯曲问题,并采用5次B样条函数作为试函数. 探究一种有效处理扁壳非线性弯曲问题的方法. 用该方法所得结果与已有结果相比具有较好的一致性. 该方法精度高,计算量少,适应性较广,且计算机程序设计简单,编制容易. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
用半解析摄动加权残值法求解扁壳非线性弯曲问题,并采用5次B样条函数作为试函数. 探究一种有效处理扁壳非线性弯曲问题的方法. 用该方法所得结果与已有结果相比具有较好的一致性. 该方法精度高,计算量少,适应性较广,且计算机程序设计简单,编制容易. | The semi-analytic perturbation weighted residuals method was used to solve the nonlinear bending problem of shallow shells, and the fifth order B-spline was taken as trial function to seek an efficient method for nonlinear bending problem of shallow shells. The results from the present method are in good agreement with those derived from other methods. The present method is of higher accuracy, lower computing time and wider adaptability. In addition, the design of computer program is simple and it is easy to be programmed. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
On the basis of a unified definition of the dual operation and the (anti-)self-dual operation, the connections of the su(2,2|1) main cluster was used as the fundamental field variables to construct the self-dual Lagrangian of conformal supergravity. A Yang-Mill-like Lagrangian is obtained and a new gauge theory of supergravity is put forward. The spatial projects of its spin connection are Ashtekar variables. | 利用内外指标的对偶运算及(反)自对偶运算的统一定义,将su(2,2|1)主丛联络作为基本场变量来构建自对偶的共形超引力拉氏函数. 得到杨米尔斯型的拉氏函数,进而提出一种新的超引力规范理论,其自旋联络的空间投影能给出Ashtekar变量. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
利用内外指标的对偶运算及(反)自对偶运算的统一定义,将su(2,2|1)主丛联络作为基本场变量来构建自对偶的共形超引力拉氏函数. 得到杨米尔斯型的拉氏函数,进而提出一种新的超引力规范理论,其自旋联络的空间投影能给出Ashtekar变量. | On the basis of a unified definition of the dual operation and the (anti-)self-dual operation, the connections of the su(2,2|1) main cluster was used as the fundamental field variables to construct the self-dual Lagrangian of conformal supergravity. A Yang-Mill-like Lagrangian is obtained and a new gauge theory of supergravity is put forward. The spatial projects of its spin connection are Ashtekar variables. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To investigate quantitatively one of the parametric effects--simultaneous color contrast on color appearance and color-difference evaluation in complex displays, a set of center/surround combinations of color stimuli were displayed on a color monitor and the perceived color shifts of test targets induced by its surrounds were measured using binocular matching method while systematically varying hue difference between target and surround. When the hue difference increased, the magnitude of color shift in test target decreased, but the deflection angle of color shift vector from constant-hue line increased. Regression analyses of experimental data indicated that the relationship between hue angle difference and the magnitude of perceived color shifts could be described quantitatively by an exponential function, and a linear function could describe quantitative relationship between hue angle difference and deflection angle of color shift vector from constant-hue line. | 研究复杂显示中影响色貌和色差评估的因素之一--同时颜色对比和色调差的定量关系. 在彩色显示器上呈现一系列中心/周围组合颜色刺激,并改变诱导域与试验域之间色调差的大小,用双目匹配法测试试验目标由周围色诱导引起的色觉位移. 当诱导域与试验域之间的色调差增大时,试验目标色觉位移的幅值减小,而色觉位移矢量偏离恒定色调线的偏向角却增大. 实验数据的回归分析表明,色觉位移幅值与色调差之间的定量关系可以用指数函数来描述,而色觉位移矢量偏离恒定色调线的偏向角与色调差之间的定量关系可以用线性函数来描述. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究复杂显示中影响色貌和色差评估的因素之一--同时颜色对比和色调差的定量关系. 在彩色显示器上呈现一系列中心/周围组合颜色刺激,并改变诱导域与试验域之间色调差的大小,用双目匹配法测试试验目标由周围色诱导引起的色觉位移. 当诱导域与试验域之间的色调差增大时,试验目标色觉位移的幅值减小,而色觉位移矢量偏离恒定色调线的偏向角却增大. 实验数据的回归分析表明,色觉位移幅值与色调差之间的定量关系可以用指数函数来描述,而色觉位移矢量偏离恒定色调线的偏向角与色调差之间的定量关系可以用线性函数来描述. | To investigate quantitatively one of the parametric effects--simultaneous color contrast on color appearance and color-difference evaluation in complex displays, a set of center/surround combinations of color stimuli were displayed on a color monitor and the perceived color shifts of test targets induced by its surrounds were measured using binocular matching method while systematically varying hue difference between target and surround. When the hue difference increased, the magnitude of color shift in test target decreased, but the deflection angle of color shift vector from constant-hue line increased. Regression analyses of experimental data indicated that the relationship between hue angle difference and the magnitude of perceived color shifts could be described quantitatively by an exponential function, and a linear function could describe quantitative relationship between hue angle difference and deflection angle of color shift vector from constant-hue line. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To transfer the color data from a device (video camera)-dependent color space into a device-independent color space, a multilayer feedforward network with the error backpropagation (BP) learning rule, was regarded as a nonlinear transformer realizing the mapping from the RGB color space to CIELAB color space. A variety of mapping accuracy were obtained with different network structures. BP neural networks can provide a satisfactory mapping accuracy in the field of color space transformation for video cameras. | 研究将摄像机颜色数据从设备依赖色空间转化到与设备无关色空间. 利用BP神经网络的非线性映射特性,实现RGB色空间到CIELAB色空间的映射. 给出用不同的网络结构得到的映射精度. 对于摄像机色空间的颜色数据转换,用BP网络可以获得令人满意的转换精度. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究将摄像机颜色数据从设备依赖色空间转化到与设备无关色空间. 利用BP神经网络的非线性映射特性,实现RGB色空间到CIELAB色空间的映射. 给出用不同的网络结构得到的映射精度. 对于摄像机色空间的颜色数据转换,用BP网络可以获得令人满意的转换精度. | To transfer the color data from a device (video camera)-dependent color space into a device-independent color space, a multilayer feedforward network with the error backpropagation (BP) learning rule, was regarded as a nonlinear transformer realizing the mapping from the RGB color space to CIELAB color space. A variety of mapping accuracy were obtained with different network structures. BP neural networks can provide a satisfactory mapping accuracy in the field of color space transformation for video cameras. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To decrease number of samples for the implementation of color space transformation, a method for modeling the chromatic characterization of video cameras was proposed. An additional transformation was required to predict output RGB values for an input color. This additional transformation was based on spectral reflectance relationship. The transformed color coordinates were taken as inputs of a multilayer neural network. Based on network outputs, the RGB values to be predicted were calculated. Experimental results were given to illustrate the performance of the method. Even though much less number of training samples are used, this method can also perform well on this color space transformation. | 建立摄像机的色度模型,减少用于色空间转换所需要的样本数. 为了预测某一颜色的摄像机输出的RGB值,需要一个预先基于光谱反射率关系的转换. 转换后的颜色坐标作为神经网络的输入,根据神经网络的输出就能得到预测的RGB值. 给出了一些预测结果用于说明该方法的特性,虽然用较少的样本,该方法用于色空间转换仍能获得满意的转换精度. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
建立摄像机的色度模型,减少用于色空间转换所需要的样本数. 为了预测某一颜色的摄像机输出的RGB值,需要一个预先基于光谱反射率关系的转换. 转换后的颜色坐标作为神经网络的输入,根据神经网络的输出就能得到预测的RGB值. 给出了一些预测结果用于说明该方法的特性,虽然用较少的样本,该方法用于色空间转换仍能获得满意的转换精度. | To decrease number of samples for the implementation of color space transformation, a method for modeling the chromatic characterization of video cameras was proposed. An additional transformation was required to predict output RGB values for an input color. This additional transformation was based on spectral reflectance relationship. The transformed color coordinates were taken as inputs of a multilayer neural network. Based on network outputs, the RGB values to be predicted were calculated. Experimental results were given to illustrate the performance of the method. Even though much less number of training samples are used, this method can also perform well on this color space transformation. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To study the nonclassical effects of the mesoscopic Josephson junction in the presence of a nonclassical microwave, the mesoscopic Josephson junction and the field were both treated quantum-mechanically, and the external field approximation was used. It is shown that if the external field is in the coherent state and the state of the junction is initially prepared in the vacuum state, the state of the junction can evolve into a quantum superposition of two coherent states. The Schr(o)dinger cat states can be produced in a mesoscopic Josephson junction. | 研究非经典光场作用下介观约瑟夫森结中的非经典效应. 介观约瑟夫森结和场都采用了量子力学的处理方法,并且采用了外场近似. 如果外场为相干态量子化光场,介观约瑟夫森结初始处于能量最低的状态,则结的量子态随时间可以演化为两个相干态的量子叠加态. 介观约瑟夫森结中可以产生薛定谔猫态. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究非经典光场作用下介观约瑟夫森结中的非经典效应. 介观约瑟夫森结和场都采用了量子力学的处理方法,并且采用了外场近似. 如果外场为相干态量子化光场,介观约瑟夫森结初始处于能量最低的状态,则结的量子态随时间可以演化为两个相干态的量子叠加态. 介观约瑟夫森结中可以产生薛定谔猫态. | To study the nonclassical effects of the mesoscopic Josephson junction in the presence of a nonclassical microwave, the mesoscopic Josephson junction and the field were both treated quantum-mechanically, and the external field approximation was used. It is shown that if the external field is in the coherent state and the state of the junction is initially prepared in the vacuum state, the state of the junction can evolve into a quantum superposition of two coherent states. The Schr(o)dinger cat states can be produced in a mesoscopic Josephson junction. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
To establish a parallel fusion approach of processing high dimensional information, the model and criterion of multisensor fuzzy stochastic data fusion were presented. In order to design genetic algorithm fusion, the fusion parameter coding, initial population and fitness function establishing, and fuzzy logic controller designing for genetic operations and probability choosing were completed. The discussion on the highly dimensional fusion was given. For a moving target with the division of 1.64 (velocity) and 1.75 (acceleration), the precision of fusion is 0.94 and 0.98 respectively. The fusion approach can improve the reliability and decision precision effectively. | 建立一种多传感器高维信息融合方法. 根据多传感器模糊随机信息融合的准则,完成融合参数编码、初始种群和适性函数建立以及基于模糊控制器的基因操作概率选择等的设计;对高维信息融合问题进行了探讨,并通过计算机仿真验证了方法的有效性. 针对速度方差为1.64,加速度方差为1.75的模拟运动目标跟踪问题,采用该方法的跟踪融合精度分别为速度方差0.94,加速度方差0.98. 该方法能有效地提高配合的精度与可靠性. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
建立一种多传感器高维信息融合方法. 根据多传感器模糊随机信息融合的准则,完成融合参数编码、初始种群和适性函数建立以及基于模糊控制器的基因操作概率选择等的设计;对高维信息融合问题进行了探讨,并通过计算机仿真验证了方法的有效性. 针对速度方差为1.64,加速度方差为1.75的模拟运动目标跟踪问题,采用该方法的跟踪融合精度分别为速度方差0.94,加速度方差0.98. 该方法能有效地提高配合的精度与可靠性. | To establish a parallel fusion approach of processing high dimensional information, the model and criterion of multisensor fuzzy stochastic data fusion were presented. In order to design genetic algorithm fusion, the fusion parameter coding, initial population and fitness function establishing, and fuzzy logic controller designing for genetic operations and probability choosing were completed. The discussion on the highly dimensional fusion was given. For a moving target with the division of 1.64 (velocity) and 1.75 (acceleration), the precision of fusion is 0.94 and 0.98 respectively. The fusion approach can improve the reliability and decision precision effectively. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The expansibility of PKI is expected to have the features that when the amount of user exceeds the system capacity, the users' requirement can still be met by simply expanding the number of PKI entities and management levels, and this expansion should be achieved smoothly from the original system. The upward, downward, and horizontal expansions of PKI are discussed in this paper. A path discovery method is suggested to reduce the effect of PKI expansion to the end-entities, so as to enhance the availbility of PKI services. | PKI应具有可扩展性,因此当用户数量超出系统容量时,可以简单地通过增加PKI实体数量和管理层次来满足用户的需求,实现从原有系统的平滑扩展.本文讨论了PKI的向上、向下和水平扩展等三种方式,提出了一个路径发现方法来减轻PKI扩展对终端用户所造成的影响,以提高PKI服务的可用性. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
PKI应具有可扩展性,因此当用户数量超出系统容量时,可以简单地通过增加PKI实体数量和管理层次来满足用户的需求,实现从原有系统的平滑扩展.本文讨论了PKI的向上、向下和水平扩展等三种方式,提出了一个路径发现方法来减轻PKI扩展对终端用户所造成的影响,以提高PKI服务的可用性. | The expansibility of PKI is expected to have the features that when the amount of user exceeds the system capacity, the users' requirement can still be met by simply expanding the number of PKI entities and management levels, and this expansion should be achieved smoothly from the original system. The upward, downward, and horizontal expansions of PKI are discussed in this paper. A path discovery method is suggested to reduce the effect of PKI expansion to the end-entities, so as to enhance the availbility of PKI services. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
It is a trend of virtual private networks (VPNs) to be used for information exchange between enterprises, branches of enterprises and enterprises and their employees instead of traditional dial networks and leased lines. The tunneling technique is the key technique to implement VPN. In this paper, with the VPN implementation requirements in mind, we perform a comparative research on the existing tunneling protocols including GRE, L2TP, IPSec and IP/IP. We also propose an integrated scheme of tunneling mechanism that supports VPN under the current condition. | 虚拟专用网(VPN)代替传统拨号网络和租用线路实现企业与企业之间,企业的分支机构之间以及企业与其雇员之间的信息交换是当前的一种趋势,而隧道技术是实现VPN的关键技术.本文结合VPN的实现要求,对现有的一些隧道协议(包括GRE,L2TP,IPSec和IP/IP)进行了比较研究,并且提出了在现有条件下实现VPN的隧道协议的集成方案. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
虚拟专用网(VPN)代替传统拨号网络和租用线路实现企业与企业之间,企业的分支机构之间以及企业与其雇员之间的信息交换是当前的一种趋势,而隧道技术是实现VPN的关键技术.本文结合VPN的实现要求,对现有的一些隧道协议(包括GRE,L2TP,IPSec和IP/IP)进行了比较研究,并且提出了在现有条件下实现VPN的隧道协议的集成方案. | It is a trend of virtual private networks (VPNs) to be used for information exchange between enterprises, branches of enterprises and enterprises and their employees instead of traditional dial networks and leased lines. The tunneling technique is the key technique to implement VPN. In this paper, with the VPN implementation requirements in mind, we perform a comparative research on the existing tunneling protocols including GRE, L2TP, IPSec and IP/IP. We also propose an integrated scheme of tunneling mechanism that supports VPN under the current condition. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
A novel wavelet network based adaptive equalizer (WNBAE) is presented and the structure and stochastic gradient learning algorithm is given. The proposed WNBAE has better performance than that of the conventional linear transversal equalizer based on the LMS and the RLS algorithms, as well as that of the decision feedback equalizer based on the RLS algorithm, especially for MQAM digital communication reception systems over the nonlinear channels. In addition, it outperforms the BP neural network based adaptive equalizer slightly. However, it has a slow convergence rate and a high computational complexity. Several simulations are performed to evaluate the behavior of the WNBAE. | 本文给出了多维小波网络的结构及其随机梯度学习算法,提出了基于小波网络的MQAM数字通信自适应均衡器.仿真结果表明:该均衡器对于MQAM数字信号非线性信道的均衡,其性能明显优于传统的基于LMS和RLS算法的线性均衡器和基于RLS算法的判决反馈均衡器,且性能稍好于基于BP网络的均衡器,其缺点是计算复杂度高和训练收敛速度慢. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文给出了多维小波网络的结构及其随机梯度学习算法,提出了基于小波网络的MQAM数字通信自适应均衡器.仿真结果表明:该均衡器对于MQAM数字信号非线性信道的均衡,其性能明显优于传统的基于LMS和RLS算法的线性均衡器和基于RLS算法的判决反馈均衡器,且性能稍好于基于BP网络的均衡器,其缺点是计算复杂度高和训练收敛速度慢. | A novel wavelet network based adaptive equalizer (WNBAE) is presented and the structure and stochastic gradient learning algorithm is given. The proposed WNBAE has better performance than that of the conventional linear transversal equalizer based on the LMS and the RLS algorithms, as well as that of the decision feedback equalizer based on the RLS algorithm, especially for MQAM digital communication reception systems over the nonlinear channels. In addition, it outperforms the BP neural network based adaptive equalizer slightly. However, it has a slow convergence rate and a high computational complexity. Several simulations are performed to evaluate the behavior of the WNBAE. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
In this paper, a new speech recognition method was proposed, which integrated a VQ-distortion measure and a discrete HMM. The VQ-HMM uses a VQ-distortion measure at each state instead of a discrete output probability used by a discrete HMM. The VQ-HMM is described, and its speech recognition performance is compared with the conventional HMMs through the experiments on speaker-independent Chinese spoken digit recognition. The comparisons confirm that the new method over-performed traditional HMMs. | 提出了一种新的语音识别方法,该方法综合了VQ和离散HMM算法,在每个状态通过用矢量量化误差值取代传统的HMM输出概率值来建立VQ-HMM.介绍了VQ-HMM,并通过非特定人汉语数码语音识别实验对其识别性能与传统的HMM作了相应的比较.实验结果表明该方法识别效果优于传统的HMM. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
提出了一种新的语音识别方法,该方法综合了VQ和离散HMM算法,在每个状态通过用矢量量化误差值取代传统的HMM输出概率值来建立VQ-HMM.介绍了VQ-HMM,并通过非特定人汉语数码语音识别实验对其识别性能与传统的HMM作了相应的比较.实验结果表明该方法识别效果优于传统的HMM. | In this paper, a new speech recognition method was proposed, which integrated a VQ-distortion measure and a discrete HMM. The VQ-HMM uses a VQ-distortion measure at each state instead of a discrete output probability used by a discrete HMM. The VQ-HMM is described, and its speech recognition performance is compared with the conventional HMMs through the experiments on speaker-independent Chinese spoken digit recognition. The comparisons confirm that the new method over-performed traditional HMMs. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
A self-referenced fiber-optic refractive index sensor is developed to measure quantitative cure extent of epoxy. In case the sensor is applied to in-situ cure monitoring of epoxy composites, each sensor embedded in different location within the structure is self-referenced and can be normalized to a common scale. Therefore, the real-time comparative of each sensor's output becomes possible and variations in the extent of cure at different locations can be monitored. The developed sensor was used to monitor the isothermal cure of an epoxy system. The output of the sensor was compared with the results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The self-referencing function of the sensor is confirmed. | 研究了一种用于定量监测环氧树脂固化度的自参考型的光纤折射率传感器.该传感器用于环氧树脂基复合材料的固化监测时,埋设于复合材料结构内不同部位的传感器能够自参考地定标,使得传感器的输出能够进行实时的比较,从而反映复合材料内部不同部位的固化程度之间的差异.用该传感器对环氧树脂的恒温固化过程进行了监测,测量结果与差示扫描量热法的测量结果进行了对比,验证了该传感器的自参考功能. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究了一种用于定量监测环氧树脂固化度的自参考型的光纤折射率传感器.该传感器用于环氧树脂基复合材料的固化监测时,埋设于复合材料结构内不同部位的传感器能够自参考地定标,使得传感器的输出能够进行实时的比较,从而反映复合材料内部不同部位的固化程度之间的差异.用该传感器对环氧树脂的恒温固化过程进行了监测,测量结果与差示扫描量热法的测量结果进行了对比,验证了该传感器的自参考功能. | A self-referenced fiber-optic refractive index sensor is developed to measure quantitative cure extent of epoxy. In case the sensor is applied to in-situ cure monitoring of epoxy composites, each sensor embedded in different location within the structure is self-referenced and can be normalized to a common scale. Therefore, the real-time comparative of each sensor's output becomes possible and variations in the extent of cure at different locations can be monitored. The developed sensor was used to monitor the isothermal cure of an epoxy system. The output of the sensor was compared with the results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The self-referencing function of the sensor is confirmed. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The control method of highly redundant robot manipulators is introduced. A decentralized autonomous control scheme is used to guide the movement of robot manipulators so that the work done by manipulators is minimized. The method of computing pseudoinverse which needs too many complicated calculation can be avoided. Then the calculation and control of robots are simplified. At the same time system robustness/fault tolerance is achieved. | 介绍了一种超冗余度机械手的控制算法,它采用自律分散控制方法来指导冗余度机械手末端执行器的运动,实现做功最小,从而避免采用需复杂计算的求逆解的方法,大大简化了机械手的算法和控制,具有高度的鲁棒性和容错性. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
介绍了一种超冗余度机械手的控制算法,它采用自律分散控制方法来指导冗余度机械手末端执行器的运动,实现做功最小,从而避免采用需复杂计算的求逆解的方法,大大简化了机械手的算法和控制,具有高度的鲁棒性和容错性. | The control method of highly redundant robot manipulators is introduced. A decentralized autonomous control scheme is used to guide the movement of robot manipulators so that the work done by manipulators is minimized. The method of computing pseudoinverse which needs too many complicated calculation can be avoided. Then the calculation and control of robots are simplified. At the same time system robustness/fault tolerance is achieved. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
This paper presents a general approach for determining the configuration number for any linkage: A kinematic cham (KC) can be divided into some basic kinematic chains (BKCs) and driving joints, there are only 33 kinds of BKCs with υ=1-4 independent loop, containing only R (revolute) joints and their configuration numbers are given, the configuration number of a KC equals to the multiplication of the configuration numbers of BKCs contained in the KC. | 本文提出了同伦方法与基本运动链相结合来求解平面机构构形数的新方法,首次提出机构构形数决定于基本运动链,给出了关于机构构形数的一般定量求解公式,求解并列表给出了所有1～4回路BKC构形数,揭示了平面机构构形数的内在规律.通过实例分析讨论可以看出:本文所提出的方法和公式对求解机构构形数具有普遍意义,可迅速查表计算得出可分解成1～4回路BKC的平面组合机构的构形数. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文提出了同伦方法与基本运动链相结合来求解平面机构构形数的新方法,首次提出机构构形数决定于基本运动链,给出了关于机构构形数的一般定量求解公式,求解并列表给出了所有1～4回路BKC构形数,揭示了平面机构构形数的内在规律.通过实例分析讨论可以看出:本文所提出的方法和公式对求解机构构形数具有普遍意义,可迅速查表计算得出可分解成1～4回路BKC的平面组合机构的构形数. | This paper presents a general approach for determining the configuration number for any linkage: A kinematic cham (KC) can be divided into some basic kinematic chains (BKCs) and driving joints, there are only 33 kinds of BKCs with υ=1-4 independent loop, containing only R (revolute) joints and their configuration numbers are given, the configuration number of a KC equals to the multiplication of the configuration numbers of BKCs contained in the KC. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
A kind of new idea based on electromagnetic theory is presented, and it is used in research of the shaping law of electrochemical perforation with fixed cathode. The changing laws of the electric field vectors at certain point on the surface of the anode workpiece with machining time, such as the electric field intensity E, the current density j and so on, are introduced. The mathematical model of the perforating velocity is presented, moreover, the experimental result to verify it is given at the end of the paper. | 根据电场理论,提出了一种研究固定阴极电化学射孔成型规律的更为严密的处理方法, 且基于这种思路分析了该加工方式下阴极表面电荷密度及加工区电场强度、电流密度、加工速度等在加工过程中的变化规律,建立了加工中间隙变化的数学模型,并给出了相关的实验结果,为这种简易加工方式的合理应用提供了理论依据. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
根据电场理论,提出了一种研究固定阴极电化学射孔成型规律的更为严密的处理方法, 且基于这种思路分析了该加工方式下阴极表面电荷密度及加工区电场强度、电流密度、加工速度等在加工过程中的变化规律,建立了加工中间隙变化的数学模型,并给出了相关的实验结果,为这种简易加工方式的合理应用提供了理论依据. | A kind of new idea based on electromagnetic theory is presented, and it is used in research of the shaping law of electrochemical perforation with fixed cathode. The changing laws of the electric field vectors at certain point on the surface of the anode workpiece with machining time, such as the electric field intensity E, the current density j and so on, are introduced. The mathematical model of the perforating velocity is presented, moreover, the experimental result to verify it is given at the end of the paper. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
An investigation on the oil pipeline rupture induced by flood has been made．The investigation result indicats that the wrong design in hydrotechnical protection engineering and its poor construction quality are the major reasons for the pipeline ruptures．In accordance with the problems existed in the hydrotechnical protection engineerings of oil pipelines，the authors consider that the proper protection measures should be taken in order to gain the best protection effect for the pipelines located at different areas，different geologies and／or landscapes，which can effectively eliminate such accidents of pipeline rupture． | 对输油管道因洪水造成的断裂事故进行了调查，调查结果表明，水工保护工程设计方案不当和施工质量低是发生管道断裂的主要原因。针对当前输油管道水工保护工程存在的问题，提出在不同地区、不同地质和地貌条件下，应因地制宜地采取适合当地实际情况的水工保护措施，可以有效地避免管道断裂事故的发生 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
对输油管道因洪水造成的断裂事故进行了调查，调查结果表明，水工保护工程设计方案不当和施工质量低是发生管道断裂的主要原因。针对当前输油管道水工保护工程存在的问题，提出在不同地区、不同地质和地貌条件下，应因地制宜地采取适合当地实际情况的水工保护措施，可以有效地避免管道断裂事故的发生 | An investigation on the oil pipeline rupture induced by flood has been made．The investigation result indicats that the wrong design in hydrotechnical protection engineering and its poor construction quality are the major reasons for the pipeline ruptures．In accordance with the problems existed in the hydrotechnical protection engineerings of oil pipelines，the authors consider that the proper protection measures should be taken in order to gain the best protection effect for the pipelines located at different areas，different geologies and／or landscapes，which can effectively eliminate such accidents of pipeline rupture． | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The spore/crystal complex was pre pared from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 and HD-73 during sporulation. The parasporal crystal was isolated from the spore crystal/complex by liquid two phased methods. CryIA and CryIA (c) were precipitated from parasporal crystal on PI4.4. The 130～140 kDa molecular weight protein was separated with sodium-dodecy-sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS - PAGE ) electrophoresis. Two polyclonal antibodies were acquired using CrylA , CryIA (c)as antigens. ELISA titer of the two antisera were＞ 1/100000, ＞ 1/100000, respectively. Four monoclonal antibodies ( A4FSF11, B4E6C7, B4E6D8 and B4FSG11) were produced using CryIA insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) to immune BALB/C mouse. A double sandwich ELISA coated with anti-CryIA (c) polyclonal antibody was established with B4E6D8 as sandwich antibody. The toxin level of NUCOTN33B and CCRI-30 in leaf was detected. The content was 23. 4 and 24. 7 ng·g-1 FW,respectively. The result was identical with the insecticidal effect. | 用苏云金杆菌菌株HD-1和HD-73分别发酵培养制备了孢晶混合物,孢晶混合物经分离、纯化、电泳得到CryIA、CryIA(c)杀虫晶体蛋白.用CryIA和CryIA(c)分别免疫家兔制备了两种多抗.用CryIA免疫小鼠,经细胞杂交、融合、克隆后筛选出4个单克隆株系A4F5F11、B4E6C7、B4E6D8、B4F5G11.用CryIA(c)多抗包被,B4E6D8上清液作为夹心抗体成功地建立了双抗夹心 ELISA,并检测了中棉所30、NUCOTN33B蕾期叶片中毒蛋白的含量,结果分别为23.4ng·g-1 FW、24.7ng·g-1 FW. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
用苏云金杆菌菌株HD-1和HD-73分别发酵培养制备了孢晶混合物,孢晶混合物经分离、纯化、电泳得到CryIA、CryIA(c)杀虫晶体蛋白.用CryIA和CryIA(c)分别免疫家兔制备了两种多抗.用CryIA免疫小鼠,经细胞杂交、融合、克隆后筛选出4个单克隆株系A4F5F11、B4E6C7、B4E6D8、B4F5G11.用CryIA(c)多抗包被,B4E6D8上清液作为夹心抗体成功地建立了双抗夹心 ELISA,并检测了中棉所30、NUCOTN33B蕾期叶片中毒蛋白的含量,结果分别为23.4ng·g-1 FW、24.7ng·g-1 FW. | The spore/crystal complex was pre pared from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 and HD-73 during sporulation. The parasporal crystal was isolated from the spore crystal/complex by liquid two phased methods. CryIA and CryIA (c) were precipitated from parasporal crystal on PI4.4. The 130～140 kDa molecular weight protein was separated with sodium-dodecy-sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS - PAGE ) electrophoresis. Two polyclonal antibodies were acquired using CrylA , CryIA (c)as antigens. ELISA titer of the two antisera were＞ 1/100000, ＞ 1/100000, respectively. Four monoclonal antibodies ( A4FSF11, B4E6C7, B4E6D8 and B4FSG11) were produced using CryIA insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) to immune BALB/C mouse. A double sandwich ELISA coated with anti-CryIA (c) polyclonal antibody was established with B4E6D8 as sandwich antibody. The toxin level of NUCOTN33B and CCRI-30 in leaf was detected. The content was 23. 4 and 24. 7 ng·g-1 FW,respectively. The result was identical with the insecticidal effect. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The paper consists of an introduction and two sections. In the introduction we give a short historical review about this problem and, incidentally, point out some mistakes in the paper by Du and Hwang [4], and assert that their proof is wrong. By this way, we hope to be able to justify our motive of writing this paper. Section 2 gives some new and simple proofs for the cases n =3, 4 and 5. In section 3, the general case is discussed in details, and a proof is given to the truth of the Steiner Ratio Conjecture. | 本文所讨论的是Steiner比猜想.全文共分两部分:第一部分包括历史回顾和对n=3,4,5三种情况对该猜想的正确性给出了简单的证明;第二部分则对于一般的n给出了一个证明. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文所讨论的是Steiner比猜想.全文共分两部分:第一部分包括历史回顾和对n=3,4,5三种情况对该猜想的正确性给出了简单的证明;第二部分则对于一般的n给出了一个证明. | The paper consists of an introduction and two sections. In the introduction we give a short historical review about this problem and, incidentally, point out some mistakes in the paper by Du and Hwang [4], and assert that their proof is wrong. By this way, we hope to be able to justify our motive of writing this paper. Section 2 gives some new and simple proofs for the cases n =3, 4 and 5. In section 3, the general case is discussed in details, and a proof is given to the truth of the Steiner Ratio Conjecture. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
We consider the matched queueing network PH/M/c →oPH/PH/1. The probability distributions of busy periods and non-idle periods for the two subsystems and the whole network are studied and their algorithms with uniform error are derived. It is proved that both the time and space complexities of the algorithms are polynomially bounded. At last, a numerical example is presented. | 本文考虑了匹配排队网络PH/M/c→oPH/PH/1,研究了两个子系统和整个网络的忙期与非闲期的概率分布,得到了具有一致误差的算法.然后证明了这些算法的时间与空间的计算复杂性都是多项式的.最后给出了数例. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文考虑了匹配排队网络PH/M/c→oPH/PH/1,研究了两个子系统和整个网络的忙期与非闲期的概率分布,得到了具有一致误差的算法.然后证明了这些算法的时间与空间的计算复杂性都是多项式的.最后给出了数例. | We consider the matched queueing network PH/M/c →oPH/PH/1. The probability distributions of busy periods and non-idle periods for the two subsystems and the whole network are studied and their algorithms with uniform error are derived. It is proved that both the time and space complexities of the algorithms are polynomially bounded. At last, a numerical example is presented. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Zheng proposed an integral-level set conceptual algorithm, and gained a optimality condition. Corresponding to Zheng's method, we present a modified integral-level set conceptual algorithm, and also show that this modified algorithm has a similar optimality condition. | 郑权提出了求总值问题的积分-水平集的概念性算法,同时给出了最优性条件.本文提出了修正的积分-水平集算法,并且给出了类似的总极值存在的最优性条件. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
郑权提出了求总值问题的积分-水平集的概念性算法,同时给出了最优性条件.本文提出了修正的积分-水平集算法,并且给出了类似的总极值存在的最优性条件. | Zheng proposed an integral-level set conceptual algorithm, and gained a optimality condition. Corresponding to Zheng's method, we present a modified integral-level set conceptual algorithm, and also show that this modified algorithm has a similar optimality condition. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
In this paper, we investigate the computational complexity of some special cases of the three-machine flow-shop problem to minimize the makespan. NP-hardness is estab-lished for each of the following cases: all jobs require the same processing time on the second machine; all jobs require the same processing time on the first machine and the last machine; each job has at least one zero operation; each job contains a missing operation. | 本文研究以加工总长为目标函数的三台机器流水作业问题的特殊情形的计算复杂性,证明了下列情形为NP困难的:所有工作在每二台机器上有相同的加工时间;所有工作在第一和第三台机器上有相同加工时间;每个工件至少有一个零工序;每个工件有一个丢失的工序. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文研究以加工总长为目标函数的三台机器流水作业问题的特殊情形的计算复杂性,证明了下列情形为NP困难的:所有工作在每二台机器上有相同的加工时间;所有工作在第一和第三台机器上有相同加工时间;每个工件至少有一个零工序;每个工件有一个丢失的工序. | In this paper, we investigate the computational complexity of some special cases of the three-machine flow-shop problem to minimize the makespan. NP-hardness is estab-lished for each of the following cases: all jobs require the same processing time on the second machine; all jobs require the same processing time on the first machine and the last machine; each job has at least one zero operation; each job contains a missing operation. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
This article provides a number of new ways to access the famous conjecture on the double covering of graphs by circuits which is still open for more than 20 years in posing a number of conjectures which look to have more approaches than what has been used for the double cover conjecture by circuits. The relationships among them are established. | 本文提出了一些新的方法以接近图的用圈二重覆盖边的猜想,通称图的双圈覆盖猜想.因20余年尚未解决而在图论中著名.从中,也提出了一些新的猜想.并论述了它们之间,以及它们与图的双圈覆盖猜想之间的关系. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
本文提出了一些新的方法以接近图的用圈二重覆盖边的猜想,通称图的双圈覆盖猜想.因20余年尚未解决而在图论中著名.从中,也提出了一些新的猜想.并论述了它们之间,以及它们与图的双圈覆盖猜想之间的关系. | This article provides a number of new ways to access the famous conjecture on the double covering of graphs by circuits which is still open for more than 20 years in posing a number of conjectures which look to have more approaches than what has been used for the double cover conjecture by circuits. The relationships among them are established. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Mixed censoring is a useful extension of Type I and Type II censoring. This paper investigate a model of single sampling acceptance plan for the Weibull distribution with mixed censoring. An explicit expression of the Bayes risk for a reliability decision loss function is given. Comparisons of model with mixed censoring and that with Type I censoring shows our model is superior to the model by Chen and Lam (1999). | 混合截尾试验是定时和定数截尾的一种有用的推广.本文研究了wemull分布和混合截尾试验的一次抽样方案,并对可靠决策损失函数给出了贝叶斯风险的显式表达式.比较陈和林的模型(1999),我们得混合截尾试验的抽样方案于定时抽样方案. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
混合截尾试验是定时和定数截尾的一种有用的推广.本文研究了wemull分布和混合截尾试验的一次抽样方案,并对可靠决策损失函数给出了贝叶斯风险的显式表达式.比较陈和林的模型(1999),我们得混合截尾试验的抽样方案于定时抽样方案. | Mixed censoring is a useful extension of Type I and Type II censoring. This paper investigate a model of single sampling acceptance plan for the Weibull distribution with mixed censoring. An explicit expression of the Bayes risk for a reliability decision loss function is given. Comparisons of model with mixed censoring and that with Type I censoring shows our model is superior to the model by Chen and Lam (1999). | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
A matching M of a graph G is induced, if M is an induced subgraph of G. A graph G is induced matching extendable (simply IM-extendable), if every induced matching M of G is included in a perfect matching of G. In this paper we will prove the following results. (1) The problem "given a graph G and a positive integer r, determine whether there is an induced matching M of G such that |M| ≥ r" is NP-complete for claw-free graphs. (2) The problem "determine whether a given graph is IM-extendable" is co-NP-complete for graphs with diameter 2 and bipartite graphs with diameter 3 but linearly solvable for complete multi-partite graphs. | 图G的一个匹配M是导出的,若M是图G的一个导出子图. 图G是导出匹配可扩的(简记IM-可扩的),若图G的任一导出匹配均含于图G的一个完美匹配当中.本文我们将证明如下结果. (1)对无爪图而言,问题"给定图G以及一个正整数r,确定是否存在图G的一个导出匹配M使得|M|≥r"是NP-完全的. (2)对直径为2的图以及直径为3的偶图,问题"确定一个给定图是否为导出匹配可扩的"是CO-NP-完全的;而对完全多部图而言,该问题线性可解. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
图G的一个匹配M是导出的,若M是图G的一个导出子图. 图G是导出匹配可扩的(简记IM-可扩的),若图G的任一导出匹配均含于图G的一个完美匹配当中.本文我们将证明如下结果. (1)对无爪图而言,问题"给定图G以及一个正整数r,确定是否存在图G的一个导出匹配M使得|M|≥r"是NP-完全的. (2)对直径为2的图以及直径为3的偶图,问题"确定一个给定图是否为导出匹配可扩的"是CO-NP-完全的;而对完全多部图而言,该问题线性可解. | A matching M of a graph G is induced, if M is an induced subgraph of G. A graph G is induced matching extendable (simply IM-extendable), if every induced matching M of G is included in a perfect matching of G. In this paper we will prove the following results. (1) The problem "given a graph G and a positive integer r, determine whether there is an induced matching M of G such that |M| ≥ r" is NP-complete for claw-free graphs. (2) The problem "determine whether a given graph is IM-extendable" is co-NP-complete for graphs with diameter 2 and bipartite graphs with diameter 3 but linearly solvable for complete multi-partite graphs. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
We investigate the relationship between the subgenreators of a C-regularized semigroup and its adjoint. | 讨论了c正则半群的对丰群及其次生成元的性质,得到如下结果: 1)原半群的次生成元的对偶皆为对偶半群的次生成元; 2)对偶半群的次生成元都是弱·可闭的,且它的弱·闭包为一个原半群的次生成元的对偶; 3)原半群的次生成元中最小的一个的对偶为对偶半群的生成元; 4)原半群的生成元的对偶为对偶半群的次生成元中最小的一个的弱*闭包. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
讨论了c正则半群的对丰群及其次生成元的性质,得到如下结果: 1)原半群的次生成元的对偶皆为对偶半群的次生成元; 2)对偶半群的次生成元都是弱·可闭的,且它的弱·闭包为一个原半群的次生成元的对偶; 3)原半群的次生成元中最小的一个的对偶为对偶半群的生成元; 4)原半群的生成元的对偶为对偶半群的次生成元中最小的一个的弱*闭包. | We investigate the relationship between the subgenreators of a C-regularized semigroup and its adjoint. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Motivated by [*]1, this paper deals with local once integrated C-regularized cosine function. We establish a Hille-Yosida type theorem without assumkng that the generating operators are densely defined. | 受文章*的启发,处理了一次积分c-正则余弦函数,在没有假定其次生成元稠定时,建立了一个Hille-Yosida型定理. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
受文章*的启发,处理了一次积分c-正则余弦函数,在没有假定其次生成元稠定时,建立了一个Hille-Yosida型定理. | Motivated by [*]1, this paper deals with local once integrated C-regularized cosine function. We establish a Hille-Yosida type theorem without assumkng that the generating operators are densely defined. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
GMRES(m).the restarted GMRES method,is popular for solving large sparse nonsummetric linear systems. Howover, it is possible to show that the restarted GMRES method may not converge,I.e.be stationary.To remedy this difficulty,a modified restarted minimum residual algorithm.MGMRES(m),is disscussec in this paper. | 求解大型稀疏线性方程组一般采用迭代法,其中算法GMR2s是一个非常有效的算法.为了节省存储量及计算工作量,算法GMRES通常采用再开始技术,即GMRES(m).但是在方程组的系数矩阵为非正实矩阵时,GMRES(m)算法可能会出现停滞.为解决这一问题,通过改善投影空间的方法给出了GMRES(m)的一种推广算法:算法MGMRES(m).理论分析和数值实验表明MGMRES(m)较好地克服了GMRES(m)的缺陷. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
求解大型稀疏线性方程组一般采用迭代法,其中算法GMR2s是一个非常有效的算法.为了节省存储量及计算工作量,算法GMRES通常采用再开始技术,即GMRES(m).但是在方程组的系数矩阵为非正实矩阵时,GMRES(m)算法可能会出现停滞.为解决这一问题,通过改善投影空间的方法给出了GMRES(m)的一种推广算法:算法MGMRES(m).理论分析和数值实验表明MGMRES(m)较好地克服了GMRES(m)的缺陷. | GMRES(m).the restarted GMRES method,is popular for solving large sparse nonsummetric linear systems. Howover, it is possible to show that the restarted GMRES method may not converge,I.e.be stationary.To remedy this difficulty,a modified restarted minimum residual algorithm.MGMRES(m),is disscussec in this paper. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Soil nailing method is a new shoring procedure developed in recent years to be used in slope protection.Soil nailing structure consists of reinforced soil,slender metal rods(soil nails)placed in the in-situ soil body and the mesh shotcrete plates on the slope face,which are closely combined to make up a composite soil body.The composite soil nailing method is a geotechnical comprehensive shoring technology combining soil nailing with other soil reinforcement procedures.It is a soil nailing technology with Chinese characteristics developed in the deep foundation pit shoring practice in urban districts in recent years.In this paper the basic structures of composite soil nailing works,the construction techniques and procedures used in Guangzhou area are discussed,taking a real example,and from that some ideas and suggestions are given. | 复合土钉支护技术是在土钉支护结构中复合其他土体加固技术的综合支护技术，是近年来在城市建筑深基坑支护工程中发展起来的一种具有中国特色的土钉支护技术。通过工程实例讨论了广州地区复合土钉支护工程中使用的基本支护结构、施工技术和工艺流程，并在此基础上提出了建议和意见。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
复合土钉支护技术是在土钉支护结构中复合其他土体加固技术的综合支护技术，是近年来在城市建筑深基坑支护工程中发展起来的一种具有中国特色的土钉支护技术。通过工程实例讨论了广州地区复合土钉支护工程中使用的基本支护结构、施工技术和工艺流程，并在此基础上提出了建议和意见。 | Soil nailing method is a new shoring procedure developed in recent years to be used in slope protection.Soil nailing structure consists of reinforced soil,slender metal rods(soil nails)placed in the in-situ soil body and the mesh shotcrete plates on the slope face,which are closely combined to make up a composite soil body.The composite soil nailing method is a geotechnical comprehensive shoring technology combining soil nailing with other soil reinforcement procedures.It is a soil nailing technology with Chinese characteristics developed in the deep foundation pit shoring practice in urban districts in recent years.In this paper the basic structures of composite soil nailing works,the construction techniques and procedures used in Guangzhou area are discussed,taking a real example,and from that some ideas and suggestions are given. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
With the application of pile foundation,more and more problems raised by the quality of pile foundation have occurred.This makes it very important to detect the perfection of pile foundation.By researching the transient state of the motivated vibration′s frequency,this paper puts forward a new method to analyse quantitatively the perfection of pile foundation in frequency domain. | 随着桩基的大量应用，桩基质量带来的工程问题越来越多，这使得对桩基完整性进行检测日益重要。通过对桩基瞬态激振频率的研究，提出了在频率域中进行桩基完整性定量分析的新方法。实际应用表明，该方法比时间域定量分析方法更简捷、更准确。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
随着桩基的大量应用，桩基质量带来的工程问题越来越多，这使得对桩基完整性进行检测日益重要。通过对桩基瞬态激振频率的研究，提出了在频率域中进行桩基完整性定量分析的新方法。实际应用表明，该方法比时间域定量分析方法更简捷、更准确。 | With the application of pile foundation,more and more problems raised by the quality of pile foundation have occurred.This makes it very important to detect the perfection of pile foundation.By researching the transient state of the motivated vibration′s frequency,this paper puts forward a new method to analyse quantitatively the perfection of pile foundation in frequency domain. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
It is one of effective methods in putting out database in Internet and Intranet.It is possible to connect Database Server with Web Server by using ODBC,ASP and IIS on Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0.The authors analyze the development actuality of dynamic web page,and introduce programming technology by using system integrated for database query of petroleum exploration,and give the example. | 在Microsoft Windows NT Server上集成IIS，由ASP脚本启动ADO控件，通过ODBC驱动程序，实现数据库服务器与Web服务器的连接，是解决企业内部网在Internet上发布数据库的一种有效方法。分析了动态网页技术的发展现状，介绍了用系统集成的方法开发石油勘探信息数据库查询系统的编程技术，给出了应用实例。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
在Microsoft Windows NT Server上集成IIS，由ASP脚本启动ADO控件，通过ODBC驱动程序，实现数据库服务器与Web服务器的连接，是解决企业内部网在Internet上发布数据库的一种有效方法。分析了动态网页技术的发展现状，介绍了用系统集成的方法开发石油勘探信息数据库查询系统的编程技术，给出了应用实例。 | It is one of effective methods in putting out database in Internet and Intranet.It is possible to connect Database Server with Web Server by using ODBC,ASP and IIS on Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0.The authors analyze the development actuality of dynamic web page,and introduce programming technology by using system integrated for database query of petroleum exploration,and give the example. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The genus and species-Shanwangella palaeoptera,collected from Miocene Shanw ang Formation(N2)of Shanwang basin in Shandong Province,were established by Zh ang J.F.in 1989 according to following three features:(1)forewing Sc existing an d elongate,(2)antennae consisting of four segments,among them flagellum with thr ee segments.Zhang J.F.considers that the antennae of this genus is very particul ar and rare,and must be not likely for all subfamilies of the family-Formicidae ,(3)mandible long,with 2-3 teeth.After through examination for above generic fe atures,it is very regret that these generic features do not tally with facts,as follows:(1)Forewing Sc absent,and it is just as C.(2)Antennae isn't preserved,an d used in insteaded of forelegs,i.e.the antennal scapus is just as Tibia,flagell um as Tarsus.(3)Mandible is preserved very badly and uncompletely,and cann't off er evidence for establishment of this genus.From a judgement upon facts,Zhang's new genus Shanwangella(including species)cann't be established.Its features are belonging to the realm of the generic characteristics of Camponotus Mayr ,1861.Thus,the Shanwangella including certain species(Camponotus sp.)cou ld be translated into the Camponotus. | 根据张俊峰于1989年发表的1个新属新种--古翅山旺蚁 Shanwangella palaeoptera Zhang,1989的分类根据，经检验，对该属、种进行修正，作 为1个未定种归入老属，即弓背蚁属未定种Camponotus sp.。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
根据张俊峰于1989年发表的1个新属新种--古翅山旺蚁 Shanwangella palaeoptera Zhang,1989的分类根据，经检验，对该属、种进行修正，作 为1个未定种归入老属，即弓背蚁属未定种Camponotus sp.。 | The genus and species-Shanwangella palaeoptera,collected from Miocene Shanw ang Formation(N2)of Shanwang basin in Shandong Province,were established by Zh ang J.F.in 1989 according to following three features:(1)forewing Sc existing an d elongate,(2)antennae consisting of four segments,among them flagellum with thr ee segments.Zhang J.F.considers that the antennae of this genus is very particul ar and rare,and must be not likely for all subfamilies of the family-Formicidae ,(3)mandible long,with 2-3 teeth.After through examination for above generic fe atures,it is very regret that these generic features do not tally with facts,as follows:(1)Forewing Sc absent,and it is just as C.(2)Antennae isn't preserved,an d used in insteaded of forelegs,i.e.the antennal scapus is just as Tibia,flagell um as Tarsus.(3)Mandible is preserved very badly and uncompletely,and cann't off er evidence for establishment of this genus.From a judgement upon facts,Zhang's new genus Shanwangella(including species)cann't be established.Its features are belonging to the realm of the generic characteristics of Camponotus Mayr ,1861.Thus,the Shanwangella including certain species(Camponotus sp.)cou ld be translated into the Camponotus. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The North Dabie Complex is mainly composed of granitic gneiss,amphibolite with l ots of different kinds and different sizes of granulite blocks and mate-ultrama fic blocks,which were intruded by massive Cretaceous granite and gabbro-pyroxin ite.The granitic gneiss and amphibolite formed at new Proterozoic with island-a rc geochemical features,represent a Late Proterozoic island arc.The North Dabie Complex can extend to the Luzhenguan Formation in the North Huaiyang belt to nor th and underlay the UHP metamorphic rocks to south.The North Dabie Complex subdu ct to the mantle depth and suffered the eclogite facies metamorphism together wi th the UHP metamorphic rocks in the Early Triassic collision between the Yangtze and North China continental blocks,and then overprinted by granulite facies and amphibolite facies retrogression during their exhumation,therefore the North Da bie Complex is a part of the subduct continental crust basement on the north mar gin of the Yangtze continental blocks. | 北大别杂岩主要由花岗质片麻岩及斜长角闪岩组成，含有 不同类型、大小不等的麻粒岩岩块和变质超镁铁质岩块，侵入有大量白垩纪花岗岩和辉石- 辉长岩类。其中的花岗质片麻岩、斜长角闪岩具有岛弧环境的岩石地球化学特征，代表拼贴 于扬子陆块北缘的新元古代古岛弧。北大别杂岩北可与庐镇关群相连，南俯于超高压变质岩 之下，在三叠纪扬子陆块与华北陆块的碰撞过程中，曾与超高压变质岩一起俯冲到地幔深度 并经受榴辉岩相变质作用，然后在折返过程中叠加了麻粒岩相及角闪岩相变质作用，是扬子 陆块北缘陆壳俯冲基底的一部分。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
北大别杂岩主要由花岗质片麻岩及斜长角闪岩组成，含有 不同类型、大小不等的麻粒岩岩块和变质超镁铁质岩块，侵入有大量白垩纪花岗岩和辉石- 辉长岩类。其中的花岗质片麻岩、斜长角闪岩具有岛弧环境的岩石地球化学特征，代表拼贴 于扬子陆块北缘的新元古代古岛弧。北大别杂岩北可与庐镇关群相连，南俯于超高压变质岩 之下，在三叠纪扬子陆块与华北陆块的碰撞过程中，曾与超高压变质岩一起俯冲到地幔深度 并经受榴辉岩相变质作用，然后在折返过程中叠加了麻粒岩相及角闪岩相变质作用，是扬子 陆块北缘陆壳俯冲基底的一部分。 | The North Dabie Complex is mainly composed of granitic gneiss,amphibolite with l ots of different kinds and different sizes of granulite blocks and mate-ultrama fic blocks,which were intruded by massive Cretaceous granite and gabbro-pyroxin ite.The granitic gneiss and amphibolite formed at new Proterozoic with island-a rc geochemical features,represent a Late Proterozoic island arc.The North Dabie Complex can extend to the Luzhenguan Formation in the North Huaiyang belt to nor th and underlay the UHP metamorphic rocks to south.The North Dabie Complex subdu ct to the mantle depth and suffered the eclogite facies metamorphism together wi th the UHP metamorphic rocks in the Early Triassic collision between the Yangtze and North China continental blocks,and then overprinted by granulite facies and amphibolite facies retrogression during their exhumation,therefore the North Da bie Complex is a part of the subduct continental crust basement on the north mar gin of the Yangtze continental blocks. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
In the area of boundary among Sichuan,Hubei and Hunan,the fold style,from west t o east,varies from trough like folds to ejective folds,or from Jurassian thin-s kinned structure to thick-skinned structure which basements are drawn into,and the involved tectonic lever varies lower and lower,so the fold style varies mor e and more complex.But in generally,the more deep the depth is,the more simple t he fold type is.The analysis of different scale balanced geological cross-setio ns shows the above law.Regional tectonic study shows that above characteristics are the result of compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Y anshanian. | 川鄂湘边区从西向东由隔槽式褶皱向隔档式褶皱的变化反 映在深部构造样式上，其卷入的构造层次逐渐变深，至湘西带已由侏罗山式薄皮构造转为基 底卷入式的厚皮构造，构造样式也更趋复杂,但由地表向下构造样式却普遍表现为由复杂向 简单的变化。平衡剖面分析揭示了上述规律性。区域构造分析表明，上述构造是燕山期由南 东向北西不断推进的挤压力作用的结果。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
川鄂湘边区从西向东由隔槽式褶皱向隔档式褶皱的变化反 映在深部构造样式上，其卷入的构造层次逐渐变深，至湘西带已由侏罗山式薄皮构造转为基 底卷入式的厚皮构造，构造样式也更趋复杂,但由地表向下构造样式却普遍表现为由复杂向 简单的变化。平衡剖面分析揭示了上述规律性。区域构造分析表明，上述构造是燕山期由南 东向北西不断推进的挤压力作用的结果。 | In the area of boundary among Sichuan,Hubei and Hunan,the fold style,from west t o east,varies from trough like folds to ejective folds,or from Jurassian thin-s kinned structure to thick-skinned structure which basements are drawn into,and the involved tectonic lever varies lower and lower,so the fold style varies mor e and more complex.But in generally,the more deep the depth is,the more simple t he fold type is.The analysis of different scale balanced geological cross-setio ns shows the above law.Regional tectonic study shows that above characteristics are the result of compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Y anshanian. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Chemical typomorphic characteristics of the pyrites on three ore blocks from Zhi lingtou gold deposit of Suichang County in Zhejiang Province are studied.It is s hown that the contents of main elements Fe,S and trace elements Co,Ni,Se,Te in p yrites and their ratios of w(Co) to w(Ni),w(Se)to w(Te) can prov ide relative reliable basis for the genesis of the gold deposit which is hydroth ermal superposed deposit after the sedimentation.The ratios of w(Cu)to w (Zn),w(Ag)to w(Zn) and w(Pb)to w(Zn) provide ore-forming inform ation.The author thinks that the ore body extension of discovery ore position on the western ore block is deeper than that on the central ore block and shows th e possibility of prospecting further. | 对遂昌治岭头金矿床3个矿段(东矿段、中矿段、西矿段)的 黄铁矿进行了化学成分标型特征的研究。指出黄铁矿中铁、硫主元素的含量，钴、镍含量及 比值，硒、碲含量及比值均为本矿床的成因系沉积后经热液叠加提供了比较可靠的依据。黄 铁矿中的w(Cu)/w(Zn)、w(Ag)/w(Zn)、w(Pb)/w(Zn)值为本矿床 提供了成矿信息，认为西矿段见矿部位矿体向下延伸要大于中矿段，指出了进一步找矿的前景。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
对遂昌治岭头金矿床3个矿段(东矿段、中矿段、西矿段)的 黄铁矿进行了化学成分标型特征的研究。指出黄铁矿中铁、硫主元素的含量，钴、镍含量及 比值，硒、碲含量及比值均为本矿床的成因系沉积后经热液叠加提供了比较可靠的依据。黄 铁矿中的w(Cu)/w(Zn)、w(Ag)/w(Zn)、w(Pb)/w(Zn)值为本矿床 提供了成矿信息，认为西矿段见矿部位矿体向下延伸要大于中矿段，指出了进一步找矿的前景。 | Chemical typomorphic characteristics of the pyrites on three ore blocks from Zhi lingtou gold deposit of Suichang County in Zhejiang Province are studied.It is s hown that the contents of main elements Fe,S and trace elements Co,Ni,Se,Te in p yrites and their ratios of w(Co) to w(Ni),w(Se)to w(Te) can prov ide relative reliable basis for the genesis of the gold deposit which is hydroth ermal superposed deposit after the sedimentation.The ratios of w(Cu)to w (Zn),w(Ag)to w(Zn) and w(Pb)to w(Zn) provide ore-forming inform ation.The author thinks that the ore body extension of discovery ore position on the western ore block is deeper than that on the central ore block and shows th e possibility of prospecting further. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
This paper takes the fine disseminated gold deposit in the northwest Sichuan Pr ovince as an example to illustrate the fractal delineation and characterization of the temporal and spatial structures of the gold mineralization.The research r esults show that the size of the fractal D value can be used to characterize the complexity of the grade distribution of the gold mineralization,and that th e similar fractal structure is present in the correlated element assemblage duri ng the mineralization.The fractal structures of the grade data for the host mine ralized elements and correlated elements may be used to indicate the mineralizat ion periods and times and to delineate the temporal structure for the evolution of the mineralization.In addition,the R/S analytical method for the two-dim ension spatial sequence of the geochemical data can be applied to the relatively accurate and effective delineation of the spatial structure of the gold mineral ization.The fractal method will be of wide application to the analysis of the te mporal and spatial structure of the mineralization. | 以川西北地区微细浸染型金矿为例，采用分形方法探讨了 金矿化的时空结构特征。研究表明，分数维D值的大小能表征金矿化品位分布的复杂性 ，成矿过程中相关元素组合存在相似的分形结构。利用主成矿元素及相关元素品位数据的分 形结构特征可以指示成矿期次，厘定成矿演化的时间结构,利用地球化学数据的二维空间序 列的R/S分析方法，可以较精确有效地厘定金矿化的空间结构特征。分形 方法在矿化时空结构分析中有着极为广阔的应用前景。 | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
以川西北地区微细浸染型金矿为例，采用分形方法探讨了 金矿化的时空结构特征。研究表明，分数维D值的大小能表征金矿化品位分布的复杂性 ，成矿过程中相关元素组合存在相似的分形结构。利用主成矿元素及相关元素品位数据的分 形结构特征可以指示成矿期次，厘定成矿演化的时间结构,利用地球化学数据的二维空间序 列的R/S分析方法，可以较精确有效地厘定金矿化的空间结构特征。分形 方法在矿化时空结构分析中有着极为广阔的应用前景。 | This paper takes the fine disseminated gold deposit in the northwest Sichuan Pr ovince as an example to illustrate the fractal delineation and characterization of the temporal and spatial structures of the gold mineralization.The research r esults show that the size of the fractal D value can be used to characterize the complexity of the grade distribution of the gold mineralization,and that th e similar fractal structure is present in the correlated element assemblage duri ng the mineralization.The fractal structures of the grade data for the host mine ralized elements and correlated elements may be used to indicate the mineralizat ion periods and times and to delineate the temporal structure for the evolution of the mineralization.In addition,the R/S analytical method for the two-dim ension spatial sequence of the geochemical data can be applied to the relatively accurate and effective delineation of the spatial structure of the gold mineral ization.The fractal method will be of wide application to the analysis of the te mporal and spatial structure of the mineralization. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Some of advanced techniques exhibit many different types of spatial and temporal behavior,typically the analysis of such phenomena is based on a Boltzmann equation (BE).This paper presents some examples to explain that adopt Boltzmann equation description the phenomena of interest will be adequate. The elucidation consists of five separate parts,and each focuses on one aspect just as subtitle shows:1)Effect of BE analysis in ion motor.2)Apply BE analysis to gas laser.3)Utilizing lattice-Boltzmann models to study diffusive properties.4)Using discrete BE to explore nonlinear chemically reacting systems.5)Apply BE analysis to explore the existence of antimatter. | 若干高新技术出现许多不同形式的空间与时间特性,这些现象的典型分析是以Boltzmann方程为基础的.提出几个例子阐明采用Boltzmann方程分析来描述所关心的现象是可以胜任的.全文分为5个部分:1)Boltzmann方程分析对离子发动机的作用;2)Boltzmann方程分析在气体激光器中的应用;3)采用格子-Boltzmann模型阐明扩散特性;4)运用离散Boltzmann方程研究非线性化学反应系统;5)利用Boltzmann方程分析探索反物质的存在性. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
若干高新技术出现许多不同形式的空间与时间特性,这些现象的典型分析是以Boltzmann方程为基础的.提出几个例子阐明采用Boltzmann方程分析来描述所关心的现象是可以胜任的.全文分为5个部分:1)Boltzmann方程分析对离子发动机的作用;2)Boltzmann方程分析在气体激光器中的应用;3)采用格子-Boltzmann模型阐明扩散特性;4)运用离散Boltzmann方程研究非线性化学反应系统;5)利用Boltzmann方程分析探索反物质的存在性. | Some of advanced techniques exhibit many different types of spatial and temporal behavior,typically the analysis of such phenomena is based on a Boltzmann equation (BE).This paper presents some examples to explain that adopt Boltzmann equation description the phenomena of interest will be adequate. The elucidation consists of five separate parts,and each focuses on one aspect just as subtitle shows:1)Effect of BE analysis in ion motor.2)Apply BE analysis to gas laser.3)Utilizing lattice-Boltzmann models to study diffusive properties.4)Using discrete BE to explore nonlinear chemically reacting systems.5)Apply BE analysis to explore the existence of antimatter. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The oblique derivative problem for quasilinear hyperbolic equations of second order in general simply connected domains is discussed.The so-called hyperbolic numbers and hyperbolic complex functions are introduced and used,and the existence of solutions for the above problem in the general domains is proved. | 研究了二阶拟线性双曲型方程在一般单连通区域上的斜微商边值问题.文中引用双曲数与双曲复函数,证明了上述边值问题的解在一般区域上的存在性. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究了二阶拟线性双曲型方程在一般单连通区域上的斜微商边值问题.文中引用双曲数与双曲复函数,证明了上述边值问题的解在一般区域上的存在性. | The oblique derivative problem for quasilinear hyperbolic equations of second order in general simply connected domains is discussed.The so-called hyperbolic numbers and hyperbolic complex functions are introduced and used,and the existence of solutions for the above problem in the general domains is proved. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The stability of solutions of initial-boundary value problems for nondivergence parabolic complex equations of second order is introduced, where coefficients of equations are measurable. | 介绍了非发散抛物型二次复方程初始边界值问题解的稳定性,这里方程的系数是可测的. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
介绍了非发散抛物型二次复方程初始边界值问题解的稳定性,这里方程的系数是可测的. | The stability of solutions of initial-boundary value problems for nondivergence parabolic complex equations of second order is introduced, where coefficients of equations are measurable. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
This paper, investigates a class of parabolic differential equations of neutral type, and obtains some new sufficient conditions of the oscillation for such equations satisfying two kinds of boundary value conditions. | 给出一类中立型抛物微分方程边值问题解振动的充分条件. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
给出一类中立型抛物微分方程边值问题解振动的充分条件. | This paper, investigates a class of parabolic differential equations of neutral type, and obtains some new sufficient conditions of the oscillation for such equations satisfying two kinds of boundary value conditions. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The goal of this paper is to give a survey for the theory of quasicomformal mappings from one dimensional case to infinite dimensional case,including its concepts,general characters,special properties,various applications and some results. | 给出了从低维到无穷维拟共形映射的一个综述,其中包括它的主要概念、特点、特性、各种应用和一些新的结果. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
给出了从低维到无穷维拟共形映射的一个综述,其中包括它的主要概念、特点、特性、各种应用和一些新的结果. | The goal of this paper is to give a survey for the theory of quasicomformal mappings from one dimensional case to infinite dimensional case,including its concepts,general characters,special properties,various applications and some results. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
When being put into CDCl3 (slightly acidic condition), the double bond of steroid drug (LIVIAL) will rearrange 24 hours. This paper shows that the 2D NMR techniques were successfully performed to determine the structures of compound 1 and compound 2. All of the 1H and 13C NNR chemical shifts were assigned by 1D and 2D NMR. Their stereochemistry was discussed, too. The structures of compound 1 and compound 2 were simulated by computer molecular modeling. Their results agree with those of 2D NMR. | 甾体药物(LIVIAL)1在微酸性条件下发生重排反应得另一化合物2.对化合物1,2应用NMR梯度场反相实验(GCOSY,GNOESY,GHMQC和GHMBC)进行深入的NMR研究,归属了化合物1,2的1H,13C NMR的化学位移.讨论了它们的立体化学及反应历程,并对其进行了计算机分子模拟. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
甾体药物(LIVIAL)1在微酸性条件下发生重排反应得另一化合物2.对化合物1,2应用NMR梯度场反相实验(GCOSY,GNOESY,GHMQC和GHMBC)进行深入的NMR研究,归属了化合物1,2的1H,13C NMR的化学位移.讨论了它们的立体化学及反应历程,并对其进行了计算机分子模拟. | When being put into CDCl3 (slightly acidic condition), the double bond of steroid drug (LIVIAL) will rearrange 24 hours. This paper shows that the 2D NMR techniques were successfully performed to determine the structures of compound 1 and compound 2. All of the 1H and 13C NNR chemical shifts were assigned by 1D and 2D NMR. Their stereochemistry was discussed, too. The structures of compound 1 and compound 2 were simulated by computer molecular modeling. Their results agree with those of 2D NMR. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Malaria parasites DNA was eluted from dried blood spot on filter paper by Chelex treatment and amplified by PCR to detect low parasitemia of Plasmodium vivax. Sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR assay were confirmed by amplifying a 121 bp DNA fragment of SSUrRNA gene of Plvivax.Density of about 25 parasites per ul of blood can be detected successfully.None of other three human malaria species(Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale)samples was positive.The ease of collection and transport of filter paper specimens combined with the sensitive and specific detection of P.vivax by nested PCR suggest that this method might be a valuable tool for moleculr epidemiological study of P.vivax. | 从滤纸干血滴上用Chelex处理洗脱下的疟原虫DNA,经套式PCR扩增间日疟原虫SSUrRNA基因特异性121 bp片段,分析该方法的敏感性和特异性.37例血样检测结果全部阳性,当原虫密度低至25个原虫/uL血时仍可成功检测到该特异条带,且其它三种人疟原虫(恶性疟原虫,三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫)血样均为阴性.提示滤纸干血滴与PCR扩增技术相结合,是疟疾诊断或流行病学调查的实用工具. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
从滤纸干血滴上用Chelex处理洗脱下的疟原虫DNA,经套式PCR扩增间日疟原虫SSUrRNA基因特异性121 bp片段,分析该方法的敏感性和特异性.37例血样检测结果全部阳性,当原虫密度低至25个原虫/uL血时仍可成功检测到该特异条带,且其它三种人疟原虫(恶性疟原虫,三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫)血样均为阴性.提示滤纸干血滴与PCR扩增技术相结合,是疟疾诊断或流行病学调查的实用工具. | Malaria parasites DNA was eluted from dried blood spot on filter paper by Chelex treatment and amplified by PCR to detect low parasitemia of Plasmodium vivax. Sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR assay were confirmed by amplifying a 121 bp DNA fragment of SSUrRNA gene of Plvivax.Density of about 25 parasites per ul of blood can be detected successfully.None of other three human malaria species(Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale)samples was positive.The ease of collection and transport of filter paper specimens combined with the sensitive and specific detection of P.vivax by nested PCR suggest that this method might be a valuable tool for moleculr epidemiological study of P.vivax. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
Stream geometry and related measurements are the baseline information needed for ecological analysis of materials and energy movements within a watershed landscape.Using the United States Geological Surveys(USGS)hydrography database and a geographic information system(ARC/INFO),we examined and compared the distribution of streams,stream sections,total numbers,density,and riparian zones,in five mountainous watersheds in the continental United States:the Pacific Coastal Range,Cascades,Rockies,Appalachian Mountains,and Ozarks.Stream networks were found to be similar among the watersheds,with first order streams comprising up to 60% of the watersheds,The two watersheds in the eastern US had smaller stream length,basin relief,and higher stream density and section density than western watersheds.The amount of riparian area linearly increased with buffer width and did not account for larger amounts of the land area.Only seven to twelve percent of a total watershed area was included in riparian areas when a 60m buffer width was applied.Riparian zone distribution was related to watershed geomorphology.Emprirical models were developed to predict the proportions of stream,stream density,and changes in riparian areas with stream order within each watershed.Applications of these results in ecosystem analysis at watershed scales and riparian zone management are discussed. | 河溪结构及其关联的空间特征,是研究集水区中能量和物质移动规律所不可缺少的内容.利用美国地质调查局的水文数据库和地理信息系统(ARC/INFO),对美国大陆5个主要山地中典型集水区河溪的数量、密度、分布结构以及河溪岸边带的组成,进行了分析和比较.5个山地分别是:西北太平洋沿岸,西部卡斯卡特山,中部落矶山,东部阿巴拉契亚山和南部欧扎克山.发现这5个集水区中的河溪网络结构非常相似,一级河溪大约占河溪总长度的60%左右.东部山地地质历史比较长,其集水区中河溪总长度、密度,高差以及河溪片段数量,都比西部相对年轻的集水区要高.此外,尽管其中河溪边岸域总面积随边岸域宽度线性增长,但它们在面积中的相对比例仍然很小(＜12%).因此,在森林经营中保护河溪边岸植被,并不会对木材生产造成太大的威胁. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
河溪结构及其关联的空间特征,是研究集水区中能量和物质移动规律所不可缺少的内容.利用美国地质调查局的水文数据库和地理信息系统(ARC/INFO),对美国大陆5个主要山地中典型集水区河溪的数量、密度、分布结构以及河溪岸边带的组成,进行了分析和比较.5个山地分别是:西北太平洋沿岸,西部卡斯卡特山,中部落矶山,东部阿巴拉契亚山和南部欧扎克山.发现这5个集水区中的河溪网络结构非常相似,一级河溪大约占河溪总长度的60%左右.东部山地地质历史比较长,其集水区中河溪总长度、密度,高差以及河溪片段数量,都比西部相对年轻的集水区要高.此外,尽管其中河溪边岸域总面积随边岸域宽度线性增长,但它们在面积中的相对比例仍然很小(＜12%).因此,在森林经营中保护河溪边岸植被,并不会对木材生产造成太大的威胁. | Stream geometry and related measurements are the baseline information needed for ecological analysis of materials and energy movements within a watershed landscape.Using the United States Geological Surveys(USGS)hydrography database and a geographic information system(ARC/INFO),we examined and compared the distribution of streams,stream sections,total numbers,density,and riparian zones,in five mountainous watersheds in the continental United States:the Pacific Coastal Range,Cascades,Rockies,Appalachian Mountains,and Ozarks.Stream networks were found to be similar among the watersheds,with first order streams comprising up to 60% of the watersheds,The two watersheds in the eastern US had smaller stream length,basin relief,and higher stream density and section density than western watersheds.The amount of riparian area linearly increased with buffer width and did not account for larger amounts of the land area.Only seven to twelve percent of a total watershed area was included in riparian areas when a 60m buffer width was applied.Riparian zone distribution was related to watershed geomorphology.Emprirical models were developed to predict the proportions of stream,stream density,and changes in riparian areas with stream order within each watershed.Applications of these results in ecosystem analysis at watershed scales and riparian zone management are discussed. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
The transient properties of a bistable system driven by cross-correlated noises are investigated.The explicit expression of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) is obtained.From numerical computations is found the following.The MFPT of the system is affected by the correlation time τ and the correlation strength λ and,τ and λ play opposing roles in the MFPT,i.e.the MFPT increases as λ increases and the MFPT decreases as τ increases. | 研究了交叉关联噪声驱动的双稳系统的瞬态性质.计算了平均首通时间,发现系统的平均首通时间受噪声关联时间和关联强度的影响,关联时间和关联强度的作用相反,即平均首通时间随关联强度增加而增加,平均首通时间随关联时间增加而减少. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究了交叉关联噪声驱动的双稳系统的瞬态性质.计算了平均首通时间,发现系统的平均首通时间受噪声关联时间和关联强度的影响,关联时间和关联强度的作用相反,即平均首通时间随关联强度增加而增加,平均首通时间随关联时间增加而减少. | The transient properties of a bistable system driven by cross-correlated noises are investigated.The explicit expression of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) is obtained.From numerical computations is found the following.The MFPT of the system is affected by the correlation time τ and the correlation strength λ and,τ and λ play opposing roles in the MFPT,i.e.the MFPT increases as λ increases and the MFPT decreases as τ increases. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
By linear approximation,the dynamical properties of the loss-noise laser model with saturation effects driven by correlated additive and multiplicative white noise are investigated.The analytic expressions of the mean intensity and intensity correlation function of the laser model are derived.It is found that:①the mean intensity is not influenced by the correlated noises when the laser is well operated above threshold;②the intensity correlation function increases as the coupling strength η increases;That is,the coupling between noise terms slows down the decay of intensity correlations in the laser field. | 利用线性近似,研究了交叉关联噪声对具有饱和效应的单模激光模型动力学性质的影响,导出了平均光强和强度关联函数的表达式,发现:①在阈值以上,平均光强不受交叉关联噪声影响;②强度关联函数随噪声关联强度η的增加而增加. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
利用线性近似,研究了交叉关联噪声对具有饱和效应的单模激光模型动力学性质的影响,导出了平均光强和强度关联函数的表达式,发现:①在阈值以上,平均光强不受交叉关联噪声影响;②强度关联函数随噪声关联强度η的增加而增加. | By linear approximation,the dynamical properties of the loss-noise laser model with saturation effects driven by correlated additive and multiplicative white noise are investigated.The analytic expressions of the mean intensity and intensity correlation function of the laser model are derived.It is found that:①the mean intensity is not influenced by the correlated noises when the laser is well operated above threshold;②the intensity correlation function increases as the coupling strength η increases;That is,the coupling between noise terms slows down the decay of intensity correlations in the laser field. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
In this paper,we study the unicity for meromorphic functions that share two finite sets CM,and prove the following theorem:Let S={Z:Z7-Z6=1},Suppose that f and g are two nonconstant meromorphic functions satisfying( )(∞,f)＞( )and ( )(∞,g)＞( ). If E(S,f)=E(S,g) and E(∞,f)=E(∞,g) then f≡g. | 研究CM分担两个有穷集合的亚纯函数的唯一性,证明了如下结果:设S={z:z7-z6=1},f和g是两个满足( )(∞,f)＞( ),( )(∞,g)＞( )的亚纯函数.如果E(S,f)=E(S,g),E(∞,f)=E(∞,g),则f≡g. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
研究CM分担两个有穷集合的亚纯函数的唯一性,证明了如下结果:设S={z:z7-z6=1},f和g是两个满足( )(∞,f)＞( ),( )(∞,g)＞( )的亚纯函数.如果E(S,f)=E(S,g),E(∞,f)=E(∞,g),则f≡g. | In this paper,we study the unicity for meromorphic functions that share two finite sets CM,and prove the following theorem:Let S={Z:Z7-Z6=1},Suppose that f and g are two nonconstant meromorphic functions satisfying( )(∞,f)＞( )and ( )(∞,g)＞( ). If E(S,f)=E(S,g) and E(∞,f)=E(∞,g) then f≡g. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |
A unifying method for constructing Rmatrices for constrained systems by using computer algebraic system Mathematica is established.This method is applied to construct the Rmatrix for the constrained system of the CB hierarchy and the TG hierarchy. | 给出用计算机代数系统Mathematica建立约束系统的R 矩阵的统一方法,并将其用于CB族和TG族的R 矩阵. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段中文文本，请将文本内容翻译成英文 |
给出用计算机代数系统Mathematica建立约束系统的R 矩阵的统一方法,并将其用于CB族和TG族的R 矩阵. | A unifying method for constructing Rmatrices for constrained systems by using computer algebraic system Mathematica is established.This method is applied to construct the Rmatrix for the constrained system of the CB hierarchy and the TG hierarchy. | 你是一个中英文翻译专家，你会接收到一段英文文本，请将文本内容翻译成中文 |