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Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/01/2023, 18:56:36</t0> The Russian Eight Army (8-я армия, 8А) was a <e0>World War I</e0> Russian field army that fought on the Eastern theatre of war.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/17/2021, 23:34:40</t0> Jonas Armstrong is an Irish actor known for playing the title role in the BBC One drama series <e0>Robin Hood</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/17/2021, 23:34:40</t0> His first major television role came in October 2006 when he played Robin of Locksley, in the <e0>BBC's 2006 series</e0> based on Robin Hood.[3] During filming of the second series, (which aired in 2007) Armstrong broke a metatarsal bone in his foot during a staged fight scene.[4] He was a guest panellist on the BBC comedy panel game show Never Mind the Buzzcocks on 28 February 2007.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/10/2022, 10:57:35</t0> The U.S. state of Nevada went through a period of dramatic change during <e0>World War II</e0> that began immediately after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in December 1941. The population of Nevada grew significantly, largely due to an influx of servicemen who were stationed at several newly built military bases. The economy also improved as the number of workers steadily increased and new jobs became available.[1][2][3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/10/2022, 10:57:35</t0> Mining was one of Nevada's main industries at the beginning of the World War II era. As during <e0>World War I</e0>, the mines and the towns right next to them began to thrive once again due to a wartime increase in demand for copper and silver. This increase is exemplified by the rise in production from $24,945,376 in 1938 to $43,864,107 in 1940. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and America's entry into the war, Senator Pat McCarran and other Nevada officials campaigned successfully in Washington, D.C. to have the military build new bases, such as airfields, and other military installations within the state. The construction of new bases brought in thousands of workers from outside of Nevada and when they were finished building the workers were replaced by military personnel. Towns and cities next to the military's facilities greatly profited from the new arrivals and also grew in size. Nevada's population in 1940 was 110,247 and by 1950 it had grown to 160,083. Although this number was very small compared to the population of California, for example, it represented a 45.2% increase. The Las Vegas and Reno areas were affected most by the increase in population. Las Vegas was just a town of 8,422 people in 1940. By 1950 it had grown to 24,624, a gain of 192.4%. Reno went from a population of 21,317 in 1940 to 32,492 in 1950.[1][4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/16/2023, 11:46:51</t0> Criticisms of postmodernism, while intellectually diverse, share the opinion that it lacks coherence and is hostile to notions such as truth, logic, and objectivity. Specifically, it is held that <e0>postmodernism</e0> can be meaningless, promotes obscurantism and uses relativism (in culture, morality, knowledge) to the extent that it cripples most judgement calls.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/24/2021, 12:36:29</t0> Use of compression therapy is not new. As early as the <e0>Neolithic period</e0> (5000-2500 BCE), images of soldiers with bandaged lower extremities were found in the drawings of the caves of Tassili in Sahara. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, which dates to roughly 1600 BCE, included additional evidence of mechanical compression therapy for legs.[6] Hippocrates treated his patients' leg ulcers with tight bandages, which were described in his Corpus Hippocraticum (450–350 BCE).[25] Galen (130-200 CE) used wool and linen compression bandages to prevent blood from pooling in the legs, and Oribassius (324 CE) would use tight bandages to treat leg ulcers.[6]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/24/2021, 14:29:51</t0> Historically, for most of the year, the marshes were virtually impassable to major military forces, which influenced strategic planning of all military operations in the region. Like most other wetlands in Europe, the Pinsk Marshes were once seen as an unhealthy area and a focus of sickness. Land reclamation projects of the eastern part of the wetlands were started in 1872 and by the late <e0>19th century</e0> drainage of the marshes recovered 1.5 million hectares of wetlands for use as pasture and farmland.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/24/2021, 14:29:51</t0> At the start of <e0>World War I</e0>, the marshes separated the Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army from the XII corps; the few roads that traversed the region were narrow and largely unimproved. That left a wide gap, and the Third Army Corps of the Imperial Russian Army poured in before the Austro-Hungarian Second Army's transfer from Serbia was complete. The Russians soon captured the valuable railhead at Lemberg (now Lviv), then in the far east of Austria-Hungary (now part of the western Ukraine), as a result. Throughout the rest of the war, the wetlands remained one of the principal geographic obstacles of the Eastern Front.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/24/2021, 14:29:51</t0> The marshes divided the central and southern theatres of operation during <e0>World War II</e0>, and they served as a hideout for both Soviet and Polish partisans. At one stage during the war, the German administration planned to drain the marshes, 'cleanse' them of their 'degenerate' inhabitants and repopulate the area with German colonists. Konrad Meyer was the leader in command of the 'Pripet plan'. Hitler scuttled the project late in 1941, as he believed that it might entail Dust Bowl conditions.[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/03/2022, 10:56:56</t0> Born in Chicago, Illinois, Haydon Burns' family moved to Jacksonville in 1922, where he attended Andrew Jackson High School before going on to attend Babson College in Massachusetts. Before the outbreak of <e0>World War II</e0> he was an appliance salesman and a flight school operator. During the war, he joined the U.S. Navy and was posted as a technical officer in the office of the Secretary of the Navy. Following the war, he returned to Jacksonville and began a public relations and business consulting firm and worked selling appliances.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/11/2023, 01:55:54</t0> The British XXII Corps was a British infantry corps during <e0>World War I</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/17/2023, 23:54:26</t0> Mobile communication in Slovakia first became available in the early 1990s when the first NMT network operator, EuroTel Bratislava, a.s., a subsidiary of the then state owned Slovenské Telekomunikácie a.s. EuroTel, introduced the first <e0>GSM</e0> service to public in 1997. EuroTel was privatised together with its parent company and was rebranded as T-Mobile on 3 May 2005. It is now fully integrated as part of the international T-Mobile brand. The second GSM network operator started its operation on 15 January 1997 under the name GlobTel a.s. It was acquired by France Télécom (through Atlas Services Belgium, 100% shares) and rebranded to Orange Slovensko on 27 March 2002. Telefónica Europe, the third mobile operator in Slovakia, entered the market in February 2007 under the O2 brand.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 10:09:01</t0> The Museum of Aviation, originally the Southeastern Museum of Aviation, was founded in 1980, after <e0>World War I</e0> aviator Guy Orlando Stone offered his collection of aviation memorabilia to Robins Air Force Base if the base could build a museum to house it.[2] The Air Force approved the museum in late 1980, and the Southeastern Museum of Aviation Foundation, a non-profit Organization, was incorporated in 1981 with the support of local civilians and base officials.[2] Also in 1981, the Air Force Logistics Command, under General James P. Mullins, created its Heritage Program to preserve the history of Air Force logistics. The museum became a part of the base's contribution to the program.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 10:09:01</t0> In 2019, the museum unveiled a statue of Eugene Bullard, the first African-American pilot to fly in combat. Bullard, a native of Columbus, Georgia, served in the "Aéronautique Militaire", or French Air Force during <e0>World War I</e0>. He was posthumously commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force in 1994.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/05/2023, 18:46:35</t0> Several students, such as Lisa Sauermann, Reid W. Barton, Nicușor Dan and Ciprian Manolescu have performed exceptionally well in the IMO, winning multiple gold medals. Others, such as Terence Tao, Grigori Perelman, Ngô Bảo Châu and Maryam Mirzakhani have gone on to become notable mathematicians. Several former participants have won awards such as the <e0>Fields Medal</e0>.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/12/2013, 14:53:49</t0> Operation Reinhard or Operation Reinhardt (German: Aktion Reinhard or Aktion Reinhardt; also Einsatz Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhardt) was the codename of the secret German plan in <e0>World War II</e0> to exterminate Polish Jews in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland. This deadliest phase of the Holocaust was marked by the introduction of extermination camps.[3] The operation proceeded from March 1942 to November 1943; around 1.47 million Jews were murdered in just 100 days from July to October 1942, a rate approximately 83% higher than the commonly suggested figure for the kill rate in the Rwandan genocide.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/21/2023, 18:43:33</t0> The L'Innovation fire was a fire that took place at the À L'Innovation department store on the Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat in central Brussels, Belgium, on 22 May 1967.[1] More than 150 firefighters were mobilised to fight it, 325 people were killed, 80 injured,[2] and the department store itself, the work of the <e0>Art Nouveau</e0> architect Victor Horta, was destroyed.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/21/2023, 18:43:33</t0> The À L'Innovation department store was situated in central Brussels, on the fashionable Rue Neuve/Nieuwstraat, one of the main commercial streets in Belgium, located between the Place de la Monnaie/Muntplein and the Place Charles Rogier/Karel Rogierplein. It was housed in a purpose-built edifice constructed by the leading <e0>Art Nouveau</e0> architect Victor Horta in 1901.[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/24/2023, 15:28:48</t0> After <e0>World War II</e0> the 4th Air Army remained in Poland, and was renumbered as the 37th Air Army in 1949. The 37th Air Army was reorganized as the Air Forces of the Northern Group of Forces (VVS SGF) in 1964. On 22 February 1968, in accordance with a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR the unit was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On 4 April 1968 the VVS SGF was redesignated again into the 4th Air Army which had been the army's designation during the Second World War. The 4th Air Army was redesignated as the 4th Air Army of the Supreme High Command (VGK) in 1980 and became part of Long-Range Aviation.[7][8] This reorganization was part of General Nikolai Ogarkov's reforms after the Sukhoi Su-24s started arriving in the army, and as a result it became an independent army with operative designation, subordinate to the HQ of Western Direction. The 24th Air Army of the South-Western Direction shared that status. Those were the only air force armies with Su-27 fighters, tasked with escorting the Su-24s.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/09/2023, 20:40:11</t0> However, due to rapid advances in the field of aviation during the late 1930s, by 1939 the aircraft was considered to be approaching obsolescence. There were increasing questions over the validity of prior air doctrine, leading to a major reorganisation of the PZL.23 squadrons during 1938-1939.[13] The main deficiency of the PZL.23 was its relatively low speed compared to newer aircraft that were then entering service with neighbouring nations. Other issues with the aircraft included a lack of manoeuvrability and unfavourable characteristics when flown at high speeds (the maximum speed of the PZL.23B was 365 km/h, but it was forbidden to exceed 319 km/h due to dangerous flight characteristics). However, at the outbreak of the <e0>Second World War</e0> on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland, it remained Poland's primary light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.[13]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/01/2023, 23:25:47</t0> In 1917 Walkley enlisted in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, getting as far as England. Due to ill-health and the end of the war he did not see action in <e0>World War I</e0>. He was discharged in 1920 having reached the rank of temporary warrant officer.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/25/2023, 15:53:28</t0> The Office des Paiseurs was an organ of municipal government that operated across the actual north of France, Belgium and Netherlands, from the <e0>13th century</e0> until the end of the Ancient Regime. Its main function was to operate a court of law designed to appease conflicts amongst citizens of their municipality.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/25/2023, 15:53:28</t0> The office came into existence through charters issued by the countess Marguerite of Flanders in the <e0>twelfth century</e0>, allowing each city to make this office an official part of their government. The charters  were regularly renewed by the successive political leaders, such as the dukes of Burgundy.[2] Some historians have tried to link the emergence of such an office in the largest cities of the Low Countries to a desire to reduce the number of cases presented to the main court of law of the city, the court of the Schepen.[2][3] It seems evident that in many larger cities the emerging Office des Paiseurs took away part of the pressure imposed on the Schepen to preside over a significant number of cases each year. However, the presence of such an office in many smaller cities, clearly shows that it responded to a different kind of need as well, emanating both from the population and from the authorities.[10] This need for a justice destined to solve conflict rather than punish, becomes even more apparent if we consider that this office resisted the many political changes that befell upon the region of the southern Low Countries from its formation in the <e1>thirteenth century</e1> until at least the end of the <e2>fifteenth century</e2>. In the city of Lille for example, the office would be active until the end of the Ancien Régime, testifying to its important role in the social fabric of the city.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 20:44:46</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, a group of local Santa Barbara leaders and business promoters (with the acquiescence of college administrators) were able to convince the state legislature and governor to transfer Santa Barbara State College to the University of California in 1944.[23] After losing a second campus to UC, the state colleges' supporters arranged for the California state constitution to be amended in 1946 to prevent it from happening again.[23] The period after World War II brought a great expansion in the number of state colleges. Additional state colleges were established in Los Angeles, Sacramento, and Long Beach from 1947 to 1949, and then seven more state colleges were authorized to be established between 1957 and 1960. Six more state colleges were founded after the enactment of the Donahoe Higher Education Act of 1960, bringing the total number to 23.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/06/2023, 20:44:54</t0> In the winter of 1935–36, Roland Penrose and Herbert Read, making a first selection for the International Surrealist Exhibition, visited his studio at 71 Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea saw "three or four large canvases including one with a grandfather clock", but found his work "insufficiently <e0>surreal</e0> to be included in the show". Bacon claimed Penrose told him "Mr. Bacon, don't you realise a lot has happened in painting since the Impressionists?" In 1936 or 1937 Bacon moved from 71 Royal Hospital Road to the top floor of 1 Glebe Place, Chelsea, which Eric Hall had rented. The following year, Patrick White moved to the top two floors of the building where De Maistre had his studio, on Eccleston Street and commissioned from Bacon, by now a friend, a writing desk (with wide drawers and a red linoleum top). Expressing one of his basic concerns from the late 1930s, Bacon said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/04/2023, 23:01:41</t0> Colin Greenland reviewed Time Out of Joint for <e0>Imagine</e0> magazine, and stated that "As usual, Dick's deadpan investigation of a paranoid world reveals more than a little of the unreal dimensions of our own 'safe' environments."[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/21/2023, 11:51:59</t0> Camp White was an Army training base located in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, during <e0>World War II</e0>. It was also the site of a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp. The camp was named in honor of George A. White, who served as adjutant general for Oregon starting in 1915.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:59:51</t0> In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Kehrsatz making 150,000 <e0>CHF</e0> was 12%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 17.6%.[21] For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.[22]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 22:50:37</t0> The Old Melbourne Gaol is a former jail and current museum on Russell Street, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It consists of a bluestone building and courtyard, and is located next to the old City Police Watch House and City Courts buildings, and opposite the Russell Street Police Headquarters. It was first constructed starting in 1839, and during its operation as a prison between 1845 and 1924, it held and executed some of Australia's most notorious criminals, including bushranger Ned Kelly and serial killer Frederick Bailey Deeming. In total, 133 people were executed by hanging. Though it was used briefly during <e0>World War II</e0>, it formally ceased operating as a prison in 1924; with parts of the jail being incorporated into the RMIT University, and the rest becoming a museum.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 22:50:37</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, the gaol was used as a military prison for soldiers found to be absent without leave.[4] A new wall was built in the eastern courtyard during this time, so that cell block inmates were separated from the college girls. After the end of the war, the section used for holding prisoners was then used only as a storage facility for the Victoria Police force, whose headquarters were nearby in Russell Street.[76]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 09:22:47</t0> The union between Poland and Lithuania ended in 1795 with the Third Partition of Poland by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria.[45] The Belarusian territories acquired by the Russian Empire under the reign of Catherine II[46] were included into the Belarusian Governorate (Russian: Белорусское генерал-губернаторство) in 1796 and held until their occupation by the German Empire during <e0>World War I</e0>.[47]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 09:22:47</t0> The Belarusian People's Republic was the first attempt to create an independent Belarusian state under the name "Belarus". Despite significant efforts, the state ceased to exist, primarily because the territory was continually dominated by the German Imperial Army and the Imperial Russian Army in <e0>World War I</e0>, and then the Bolshevik Red Army. It existed from only 1918 to 1919 but created prerequisites for the formation of a Belarusian state. The choice of name was probably based on the fact that core members of the newly formed government were educated in tsarist universities, with corresponding emphasis on the ideology of West-Russianism.[56]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 09:22:47</t0> In September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded and occupied eastern Poland, following the German invasion of Poland two weeks earlier which marked the beginning of <e0>World War II</e0>. The territories of Western Belorussia were annexed and incorporated into the Byelorussian SSR.[69][70][71][72] The Soviet-controlled Byelorussian People's Council officially took control of the territories, whose populations consisted of a mixture of Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Jews, on 28 October 1939 in Białystok. Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The defense of Brest Fortress was the first major battle of Operation Barbarossa.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 09:22:47</t0> On 23 May 2011, the ruble depreciated 56% against the United States dollar. The depreciation was even steeper on the black market and financial collapse seemed imminent as citizens rushed to exchange their rubles for dollars, euros, durable goods, and canned goods.[242] On 1 June 2011, Belarus requested an economic rescue package from the International Monetary Fund.[243][244] A new currency, the new Belarusian ruble (<e0>ISO 4217</e0> code: BYN)[245] was introduced in July 2016, replacing the Belarusian ruble in a rate of 1:10,000 (10,000 old ruble = 1 new ruble). From 1 July until 31 December 2016, the old and new currencies were in parallel circulation and series 2000 notes and coins could be exchanged for series 2009 from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021.[245] This redenomination can be considered an effort to fight the high inflation rate.[246][247] On 6 October 2022, Lukashenka has banned price increases to combat rise of food prices.[248] In January 2023, Belarus legalized copyright infringement of media and intellectual property created by "unfriendly" foreign nations.[249]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 09:22:47</t0> Marc Chagall was born in Liozna (near Vitebsk) in 1887. He spent the <e0>World War I</e0> years in Soviet Belarus, becoming one of the country's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde and was a founder of the Vitebsk Arts College.[278][279]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/17/2023, 16:45:12</t0> Requests for designs, at various stages during the war, were made to the major German aircraft manufacturers (Messerschmitt, Junkers, Focke-Wulf and the Horten Brothers) early in <e0>World War II</e0>, coinciding with the passage of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom in September 1940. Heinkel's bid for the project had occurred sometime shortly after February 1943, by which time the RLM had issued the Heinkel firm the airframe type number 8-277[4] for what essentially became its entry.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/11/2021, 04:32:04</t0> Other types of remixes in art are parodies. A parody in contemporary usage, is a work created to mock, comment on, or make fun at an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. They can be found all throughout art and culture from literature to animation. Famous song parody artists include "Weird Al" Yankovic and Allan Sherman. Several current television shows are filled with parodies, such as South Park, <e0>Family Guy</e0>, and The Simpsons.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/04/2021, 23:42:09</t0> In 1943, all of the U.S. leagues suffered from significant player losses from the U.S. participation in <e0>World War II</e0>. In order to continue to play a competitive schedule, the GASL joined with the Eastern District Soccer League to run a joint season. Following the end of the war in 1945, the GASL found itself turning from a lack of quality players to an overabundance as Central European professionals left their war ravaged countries to move to the United States. The league experienced a second influx of talented players when Hungarians fled their country following the Soviet Union crushing the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/04/2022, 04:08:20</t0> In <e0>World War I</e0>, Béthune was an important railway junction and command centre for the British Canadian Corps and Indian Expeditionary Force, as well as the 33rd Casualty Station until December 1917. It initially suffered little damage until the second phase of the Ludendorff Offensive in April 1918, when German forces reached Locon, 5 km (3 mi) away. On 21 May, a bombardment destroyed large parts of the town, killing more than 100 civilians.[9] Over 3,200 casualties are buried in Béthune Town Cemetery, the Commonwealth section of which was designed by Edwin Lutyens; the majority are British (2,933) or Canadian (55), the remainder German.[10]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/26/2023, 19:43:22</t0> McCall was generally supportive of the government of his party leader Joseph Lyons, but became the leader of a back-bench revolt against Thomas Paterson's ruling in 1936 that Mabel Freer could not enter Australia. He was successful in persuading the government to reverse the decision, after revealing Paterson's mishandling of the case. In 1938 he enlisted in the Militia; he was commissioned in 1939 and in 1940 transferred to the Reserve of Officers. He supported an "all-out" effort during <e0>World War II</e0> against both Germany and Japan.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 19:51:42</t0> The department had surveyed 13,700 feet (4,200 m) of shoreline by 1878, as well as documenting the currents and tides. By 1900, 75 miles (121 km) had been surveyed and core samples had been taken to inform the builders of how deep the bedrock was. The work was completed just as <e0>World War I</e0> began, allowing the Port of New York to be a major point of embarkation for troops and materiel.[42]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 19:51:42</t0> The new seawall helps protect Manhattan island from storm surges, although it is only 5 feet (1.5 m) above the mean sea level, so that particularly dangerous storms, such as the nor'easter of 1992 and <e0>Hurricane Sandy</e0> in 2012, which hit the city in a way to create surges which are much higher, can still do significant damage. (The Hurricane of September 3, 1821, created the biggest storm surge on record in New York City: a rise of 13 feet (4.0 m) in one hour at the Battery, flooding all of lower Manhattan up to Canal Street.) Still, the new seawall begun in 1871 gave the island a firmer edge, improved the quality of the port, and continues to protect Manhattan from normal storm surges.[42]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2023, 21:13:24</t0> Wilhelm Freddie, born Christian Frederik Wilhelm Carlsen (7 February 1909 – 26 October 1995[1]) was a Danish painter, sculptor and filmmaker. Initially working along a somewhat abstract line, he soon turned towards a more realistic <e0>surrealism</e0>, only to later return to abstract art. Some of his works were highly controversial and considered pornographic at their time, resulting in confiscation of the works and his imprisonment though his artistic merits were later recognized.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2023, 21:13:24</t0> Some of Freddie's works criticized <e0>Nazism</e0> and fascism, like the 1936 paintings Meditation on the Anti-Nazi Love[3] and Phénomène psychophotographique,[4] and his 1938 exhibition Surreal-Sex.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/27/2023, 02:02:09</t0> Frederick Carl Bock Jr (January 18, 1918 – August 25, 2000) was an American bomber pilot during <e0>World War II</e0> who took part in the atomic bombing of Nagasaki in 1945.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:18:58</t0> Various people groups settled the boundaries of present day Togo between the 11th to 16th centuries. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the coastal region served primarily as a European slave trading outpost, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". In 1884, Germany declared a region including a protectorate called Togoland. After <e0>World War I</e0>, rule over Togo was transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960.[2][15] In 1967, Gnassingbé Eyadéma led a successful military coup d'état, after which he became president of an anti-communist, single-party state. In 1993, Eyadéma faced multiparty elections marred by irregularities, and won the presidency three times. At the time of his death, Eyadéma was the "longest-serving leader in modern African history", having been president for 38 years.[16] In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbé was elected president.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:18:58</t0> After <e0>World War II</e0>, these mandates became UN Trust Territories. The residents of British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast as part of the independent nation of Ghana in 1957. French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union in 1959, while France retained the right to control the defense, foreign relations, and finances.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:18:58</t0> Christianity began to spread from the middle of the 15th century, after the arrival of Portuguese Catholic missionaries. Germans introduced Protestantism in the second half of the 19th century when a hundred missionaries of the Bremen Missionary Society were sent to the coastal areas of Togo and Ghana. Togo's Protestants were known as "Brema", a corruption of the word "Bremen". After <e0>World War I</e0>, German missionaries had to leave, which gave birth to the early autonomy of the Ewe Evangelical Church.[73]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/15/2023, 04:51:21</t0> Industrialization started in Gotha around 1850, as the city was connected to the Thuringian Railway in 1847. The city became a centre of engineering with companies like the Gothaer Waggonfabrik, a tram and airplane manufacturer, founded in 1883. During the 19th century, Gotha also became a centre of banking and the insurance business in Germany. Ernst-Wilhelm Arnoldi founded the first fire insurance in 1820, followed by the first life insurance in 1827. The Gothaer [de] mutual insurance remains one of the largest insurance companies in Germany (it moved to Cologne after <e0>World War II</e0>). Gotha's tram network was established in 1894. The first crematory in Germany was built in Gotha in 1878.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/15/2023, 04:51:21</t0> The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), a left-wing breakaway of the SPD was founded in Gotha in 1917 in opposition to the SPD's war policies during <e0>World War I</e0>. During the German Revolution, the Duke abdicated in 1918. A far-left government was elected in Gotha in 1919 and worked against both the Weimar National Assembly and the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch in 1920 bringing the city to the edge of a civil war. After a referendum, the state of Gotha joined the newly created Freistaat Thuringia in 1920.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/05/2023, 11:05:16</t0> Year 890 (DCCCXC) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 890th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 890th year of the 1st millennium, the 90th year of the <e0>9th century</e0>, and the 1st year of the 890s decade.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 23:14:39</t0> After political pressure he joined the Nazi Party in 1940 and during the <e0>Second World War</e0> his company created many aircraft for the German armed forces. After the war during the denazification of Germany, Claude Dornier was classified as a "Follower" (Group IV).[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/05/2023, 20:33:57</t0> The 1974 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives on November 5, 1974, to elect members to serve in the 94th United States Congress. They occurred in the wake of the <e0>Watergate scandal</e0>, which had forced President Richard Nixon to resign in favor of Gerald Ford. This scandal, along with high inflation,[1] allowed the Democrats to make large gains in the midterm elections, taking 48 seats from the Republicans (an additional seat was gained, for a net gain of 49, when Representative Joe Moakley from Massachusetts switched his party affiliation back to Democrat after winning his 1972 election as an independent), and increasing their majority above the two-thirds mark. Altogether, there were 93 freshmen representatives in the 94th Congress when it convened on January 3, 1975 (76 of them Democrats). Those elected to office that year later came to be known collectively as "Watergate Babies."[2] The gain of 49 Democratic seats was the largest pickup by the party since 1958. Only four Democratic incumbents lost their seats.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/10/2023, 22:53:02</t0> Due to Jabba's iconically hideous appearance, the image of the Hutt species has been a subject of numerous parodies in popular culture, often invoking the creatures as symbols of obesity, gluttony, greed and corruption. Of particular note is "Pizza the Hutt" from the Star Wars spoof film Spaceballs, Peter Griffin's portrayal in the <e0>Family Guy</e0> episode "He's Too Sexy For His Fat," and Sally Struthers' portrayal in the South Park episode "Starvin Marvin in Space."

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/14/2023, 13:17:46</t0> Ninomiya Station first opened on April 15, 1902, as a station for both freight and passenger service on the Tōkaidō Main Line. The initial station was destroyed on March 10, 1945, in an American air raid during <e0>World War II</e0>. Regularly scheduled freight services were discontinued in 1971, and parcel services by 1972. The current station building was completed in October 1982. With the dissolution and privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of the East Japan Railway Company. Automated turnstiles using the Suica IC Card system came into operation from November 18, 2001.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/03/2023, 13:31:21</t0> After the Great Depression and <e0>World War II</e0>, the logging industry declined. The area developed as a farming community, based on production of cattle and poultry, which continued until the late 1970s to early 1980s. A creamery [12] and a turkey plant were important to the town's economy. With the decline of small family farms in agriculture, many abandoned farms can be seen throughout the county.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/02/2023, 16:11:27</t0> Initially, Grant was indifferent to military life, but within a year he reexamined his desire to leave the academy and later wrote that "on the whole I like this place very much".[29] While at the academy, his greatest interest was horses, and he earned a reputation as the "most proficient" horseman.[30] Seeking relief from military routine, he studied under <e0>Romantic</e0> artist Robert Walter Weir, producing nine surviving artworks.[31] He spent more time reading books from the library than his academic texts.[32] On Sundays, cadets were required to march to and attend services at the academy's church, a requirement that Grant disliked.[33] Quiet by nature, he established a few intimate friends among fellow cadets, including Frederick Tracy Dent and James Longstreet. He was inspired both by the Commandant, Captain Charles Ferguson Smith, and by General Winfield Scott, who visited the academy to review the cadets. Grant later wrote of the military life, "there is much to dislike, but more to like."[34]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/02/2023, 16:11:27</t0> In 1856, the Grants moved to land on Julia's father's farm, and built a home called "Hardscrabble" on Grant's Farm. Julia described the rustic house as an "unattractive cabin", but made the dwelling as homelike as possible with the family's keepsakes and other belongings.[89] Grant's family had little money, clothes, and furniture, but always had enough food.[90] During the <e0>Panic of 1857</e0>, which devastated Grant as it did many farmers, Grant pawned his gold watch in order to buy Christmas gifts for his family.[91] In 1858, Grant rented out Hardscrabble and moved his family to Julia's father's 850-acre plantation.[92] That fall, after suffering from malaria, Grant finally gave up farming.[93]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/16/2023, 00:36:09</t0> From 11 August until 22 September 1961, the ship participated in <e0>Project Mercury</e0> and was assigned to an area just south of the Canary Islands. She returned to Norfolk on 22 September and remained in upkeep status through 1 October.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/16/2023, 00:36:09</t0> Wallace L. Lind earned four battle stars for <e0>World War II</e0> service, four for service in the Korean War, and three for her Vietnam service.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:47:14</t0> Stewart gained international stardom for his leading role as Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–94), its subsequent films and Star Trek: Picard (2020–23). He starred as Captain Ahab in Moby Dick (1998), Ebenezer Scrooge in TNT's A Christmas Carol (1999) and King Henry II in Showtime's The Lion in Winter (2003). He also became known for his comedic appearances on the sitcom Frasier and <e0>Extras</e0> for which he received Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series nomination. He also starred as the lead of Blunt Talk (2015–2016). He currently voices CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock on American Dad!.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:47:14</t0> In late 2003, during the 11th and final season of NBC's Frasier, Stewart appeared on the show as a gay Seattle socialite and opera director, who mistakes Frasier for a potential lover. In July 2003, he appeared in Series 2 (Episode 09) of <e0>Top Gear</e0> in the Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car segment, achieving a time of 1:50 in the Liana. In 2005, he was cast as Professor Ian Hood in an ITV thriller 4-episode series Eleventh Hour, created by Stephen Gallagher. The first episode was broadcast on 19 January 2006. He also, in 2005, played Captain Nemo in a two-part adaptation of The Mysterious Island. Stewart also appeared as a nudity-obsessed caricature of himself in Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's television series <e1>Extras</e1>. He played John Bosley in the 2019 action comedy film Charlie's Angels, released on 15 November.[52]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:47:14</t0> He also was a voice actor on the animated films The Prince of Egypt, Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, Chicken Little, The Pagemaster, The Emoji Movie, the English dubbings of the Japanese anime films Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, by Hayao Miyazaki, and Steamboy, by Katsuhiro Otomo. He supported his home town of Dewsbury in West Yorkshire by lending his voice to a series of videos on the town in 1999. He voiced the pig Napoleon in a made-for-TV film adaptation of George Orwell's Animal Farm and guest starred in the Simpsons episode "Homer the Great" as Number One. Stewart also recorded a narration planned for the prologue and epilogue for Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas but the final movie used another voice (the original narration appears only on the first edition of the film's soundtrack). He plays a recurring role as CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock, lending his likeness as well as his voice on the animated series American Dad!. He has also made several guest appearances on <e0>Family Guy</e0> in various roles. Stewart also appears as narrator in Seth MacFarlane's 2012 film directorial debut, Ted. In 2006, Stewart voiced Bambi's father, the Great Prince of the Forest, in Disney's direct-to-video sequel Bambi II.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:47:14</t0> Stewart is an avid car enthusiast, and is regularly seen at Silverstone during British Grand Prix weekends. He conducted the podium interview with the top three finishers in the 2017 Canadian Grand Prix.[139] On a 2003 appearance on <e0>Top Gear</e0>, he set a lap time of 1 minute and 50 seconds on the "Star in a Reasonably Priced Car" feature. He holds a Motorsport UK competition licence and competed in the 2012 Silverstone Classic Celebrity Challenge race, finishing ninth, 3 m 02.808 s behind winner Kelvin Fletcher.[140] During 2012, Stewart met his racing hero Stirling Moss for the BBC Two documentary Racing Legends.[141]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/23/2022, 03:14:19</t0> The CANT Z.506 Airone (Italian: Heron) was a trimotor floatplane produced by CANT from 1935. It served as a transport and postal aircraft with the Italian airline "Ala Littoria". It established 10 world records in 1936 and another 10 in 1937.[3] During <e0>World War II</e0> it was used as a reconnaissance aircraft, bomber and air-sea rescue plane, by the Italian Regia Aeronautica and Regia Marina, Aeronautica Cobelligerante del Sud, Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana and the Luftwaffe. The military version revealed itself to be one of the best floatplanes ever built.[citation needed] Despite its wooden structure it was able to operate in very rough seas.[4] A number of Z.506S air-sea rescue aircraft remained in service until 1959.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2022, 06:50:48</t0> This is a list of people and other topics appearing on the cover of <e0>Time</e0> magazine in the 1920s. Time was first published in 1923. As Time became established as one of the United States' leading news magazines, an appearance on the cover of Time became an indicator of notability, fame or notoriety. Such features were accompanied by articles.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/07/2023, 06:18:07</t0> Former Los Angeles Police Chief and current New York Police Commissioner William Bratton referred to the closure as a significant overreaction. "We can not allow ourselves to raise levels of fear." He also suggested the incident could have been inspired by the TV series <e0>Homeland</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/10/2023, 15:15:20</t0> When a physical ailment kept Wurster from voluntary military service in <e0>World War I</e0>, he studied marine engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and joined the merchant marine in 1918. In 1919, once he had completed a year's tour of duty in the South Pacific, he returned to the University to graduate with honors in architecture.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/12/2023, 10:55:42</t0> Coffee may have been used socially in the renaissance period of the <e0>17th century</e0>.[62] The increasing trades between Europe and North Africa regions made coffee more widely available to Europeans gathering at social locations that served coffee, possibly contributing to the growth of coffeehouses.[62]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 17:49:54</t0> Some ideological influences on morphology which are usually cultural or philosophical in origin include: Indigenous architecture, Classical architecture, Baroque architecture, Modernism, <e0>Postmodernism</e0>, Deconstructionism, Brutalism, and Futurism. Recent contemporary advances in analytic and cross platform tools such as 3d printing, virtual reality, and building information modeling make the current contemporary typology formally difficult to pinpoint into one holistic definition. Advances in the study of Architectural (formal) morphology have the potential to influence or foster new fields of study in the realms of the arts, cognitive science, psychology, behavioral science, neurology, mapping, linguistics, and other as yet unknown cultural spatial practices or studies based upon social and environmental knowledge games.[1] Often architectural morphologies are reflexive or indicative of political influences of their time and perhaps more importantly, place. Other influences on the morphological form of the urban environment include architects, builders, developers, and the social demographic of the particular location[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2023, 20:49:57</t0> In 1983, Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He was appointed a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in 1999.[5] Rushdie was knighted in 2007 for his services to literature.[6] In 2008, The Times ranked him 13th on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.[7] Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States. He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015.[8] Earlier, he taught at Emory University. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2012, he published Joseph Anton: A Memoir, an account of his life in the wake of the events following The Satanic Verses. Rushdie was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by <e0>Time</e0> magazine in April 2023.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2023, 20:49:57</t0> In 2017, Rushdie appeared as himself in episode 3 of season 9 of <e0>Curb Your Enthusiasm</e0>,[74] sharing scenes with Larry David to offer advice on how Larry should deal with the fatwa that has been ordered against him.[75][76]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/16/2023, 13:37:26</t0> Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflight operate either by telerobotic or autonomous control. The more complex human spaceflight has been pursued soon after the first orbital satellites and has reached the Moon and permanent human presence in space around Earth, particularly with the use of space stations. Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz, Shenzhou, the past <e0>Apollo Moon landing</e0> and the Space Shuttle programs. Other current spaceflight are conducted to the International Space Station and to China's Tiangong Space Station.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/16/2023, 13:37:26</t0> Spaceflight became an engineering possibility with the work of Robert H. Goddard's publication in 1919 of his paper A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. His application of the de Laval nozzle to liquid-fuel rockets improved efficiency enough for interplanetary travel to become possible. He also proved in the laboratory that rockets would work in the vacuum of space;[specify] nonetheless, his work was not taken seriously by the public. His attempt to secure an Army contract for a rocket-propelled weapon in the <e0>first World War</e0> was defeated by the November 11, 1918 armistice with Germany. Working with private financial support, he was the first to launch a liquid-fueled rocket in 1926. Goddard's papers were highly influential internationally in his field.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/16/2023, 13:37:26</t0> In the course of <e0>World War II</e0> the first guided rockets, the V-2 were developed and employed as weapons by Nazi Germany. At a test flight in June 1944 one such rocket reached space at an altitude of 189 kilometers (102 nautical miles), becoming the first object in human history to do so.[6] At the end of World War II, most of the V-2 rocket team including its head Wernher von Braun surrendered to the United States, and were expatriated to work on American missiles at what became the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, producing missiles such as Juno I and Atlas.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/16/2023, 13:37:26</t0> Achieving a closed orbit is not essential to lunar and interplanetary voyages. Early Soviet space vehicles successfully achieved very high altitudes without going into orbit. NASA considered launching <e0>Apollo</e0> missions directly into lunar trajectories but adopted the strategy of first entering a temporary parking orbit and then performing a separate burn several orbits later onto a lunar trajectory.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/16/2023, 13:37:26</t0> The <e0>Mercury</e0>, Gemini, and Apollo capsules all splashed down in the sea. These capsules were designed to land at relatively low speeds with the help of a parachute. Soviet/Russian capsules for Soyuz make use of a big parachute and braking rockets to touch down on land. Spaceplanes like the Space Shuttle land like a glider.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:20:34</t0> Various scholars and historians have considered Vladimir Lenin,[7][8][9] co-founder of the Russian SFSR and later Soviet Union,[10][11][12] to be one of the first to attempt to establish a totalitarian state.[13][14][15][16][17] Benito Mussolini, the founder of Italian Fascism, called his regime the "Totalitarian State": "Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State".[18] Schmitt used the term Totalstaat (lit. 'Total state') in his influential 1927 work titled The Concept of the Political, which described the legal basis of an all-powerful state.[19] By 1950, the term and concept of totalitarianism entered mainstream Western political discourse. Furthermore, this era also saw anti-communist and McCarthyist political movements intensify and use the concept of totalitarianism as a tool to convert pre-<e0>World War II</e0> anti-fascism into Cold War anti-communism.[20][21][22][23][24]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:20:34</t0> The academic field of Sovietology after <e0>World War II</e0> and during the Cold War was dominated by the "totalitarian model" of the Soviet Union,[29] stressing the absolute nature of Joseph Stalin's power. The "totalitarian model" was first outlined in the 1950s by Carl Joachim Friedrich, who posited that the Soviet Union and other Communist states were "totalitarian" systems, with the personality cult and almost unlimited powers of the "great leader" such as Stalin.[30] The "revisionist school" beginning in the 1960s focused on relatively autonomous institutions which might influence policy at the higher level.[31] Matt Lenoe described the "revisionist school" as representing those who "insisted that the old image of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian state bent on world domination was oversimplified or just plain wrong. They tended to be interested in social history and to argue that the Communist Party leadership had had to adjust to social forces."[32] These of "revisionist school" such as J. Arch Getty and Lynne Viola challenged the "totalitarian model" approach to Communist history, which was considered to be outdated by the 1980s and for the post-Stalinist era in particular,[33] and were most active in the former Communist states' archives, especially the State Archive of the Russian Federation related to the Soviet Union.[31][34]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/01/2023, 14:20:34</t0> Laure Neumayer posited that "despite the disputes over its heuristic value and its normative assumptions, the concept of totalitarianism made a vigorous return to the political and academic fields at the end of the Cold War."[67] In the 1990s, François Furet made a comparative analysis[68] and used the term totalitarian twins to link <e0>Nazism</e0> and Stalinism.[69][70][71] Eric Hobsbawm criticized Furet for his temptation to stress the existence of a common ground between two systems with different ideological roots.[72] In Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism?: Five Interventions in the (Mis)Use of a Notion, Žižek wrote that "[t]he liberating effect" of General Augusto Pinochet's arrest "was exceptional", as "the fear of Pinochet dissipated, the spell was broken, the taboo subjects of torture and disappearances became the daily grist of the news media; the people no longer just whispered, but openly spoke about prosecuting him in Chile itself."[73] Saladdin Ahmed cited Hannah Arendt as stating that "the Soviet Union can no longer be called totalitarian in the strict sense of the term after Stalin's death", writing that "this was the case in General August Pinochet's Chile, yet it would be absurd to exempt it from the class of totalitarian regimes for that reason alone." Saladdin posited that while Chile under Pinochet had no "official ideology", there was one man who ruled Chile from "behind the scenes", "none other than Milton Friedman, the godfather of neoliberalism and the most influential teacher of the Chicago Boys, was Pinochet's adviser." In this sense, Saladdin criticized the totalitarian concept because it was only being applied to "opposing ideologies" and it was not being applied to liberalism.[37]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2022, 05:58:26</t0> Other notable recordings of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" include a 1991 version on the album Standards by The Alarm, a 1994 in-concert performance by Melissa Etheridge, a 1995 Brazilian version by Simone,[46][47] the 2002 version by South African band Toxic Shame,[48] the 2002 Maybe This Christmas version from Sense Field. American pop rock band Maroon 5 released a cover in 2005, in support of Amnesty International's Make Some Noise campaign.[49] Australian singer Delta Goodrem recorded this song as a b-side on her 5th single Predictable. A 2009 version by mash-up band Beatallica on the album Winter Plunderband. On 13 December 2012, Sean Lennon performed the song with gospel singer Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy of the band Wilco, and the Harlem Gospel Choir on the Comedy Central program The Colbert Report. This version was made available for purchase on the music download site iTunes, and proceeds were donated to <e0>Hurricane Sandy</e0> disaster relief.[citation needed] During John Lennon 75th Birthday Concert Sheryl Crow, Aloe Blacc, and Peter Frampton performed the song with a children's chorus from The Stuttering Association for the Youth.[50]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 14:06:35</t0> The United States became the world's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century, due to an outburst of entrepreneurship and industrialization and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers. A national railroad network was completed and large-scale mines and factories were established. Mass dissatisfaction with corruption, inefficiency, and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement, from the 1890s to the 1920s, leading to reforms, including the federal income tax, direct election of Senators, granting of citizenship to many indigenous people, alcohol prohibition, and women's suffrage. Initially neutral during <e0>World War I</e0>, the United States declared war on Germany in 1917 and funded the Allied victory the following year. After the prosperous Roaring Twenties, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented his New Deal programs, including relief for the unemployed, support for farmers, social security, and a minimum wage. The New Deal defined modern American liberalism.[1] Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered <e1>World War II</e1> and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the <e2>European theater</e2>. Its involvement culminated in using newly invented American nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 14:06:35</t0> The American Civil War was the world's earliest industrial war. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in <e0>World War I</e0>. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of about 750,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties.[c] About ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40 died.[134] Its legacy includes ending slavery in the United States, restoring the Union, and strengthening the role of the federal government.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 14:06:35</t0> As <e0>World War I</e0> raged in Europe from 1914, President Woodrow Wilson took full control of foreign policy, declaring neutrality but warning Germany that resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against American ships supplying goods to Allied nations would mean war. Germany decided to take the risk and try to win by cutting off supplies to Britain through the sinking of ships such as the RMS Lusitania. The U.S. declared war in April 1917 mainly from the threat of the Zimmermann Telegram.[187]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 14:06:35</t0> In the Depression years, the United States remained focused on domestic concerns while democracy declined across the world and many countries fell under the control of dictators. Imperial Japan asserted dominance in East Asia and in the Pacific. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy militarized and threatened conquests, while Britain and France attempted appeasement to avert another war in Europe. U.S. legislation in the Neutrality Acts sought to avoid foreign conflicts; however, policy clashed with increasing anti-Nazi feelings following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 that started <e0>World War II</e0>.[200]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 14:06:35</t0> The <e0>Watergate scandal</e0>, involving Nixon's cover-up of his operatives' break-in into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex destroyed his political base, sent many aides to prison, and forced Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974. He was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford. The Fall of Saigon, on April 30, 1975, ended the Vietnam War and resulted in North and South Vietnam being reunited. Communist victories in neighboring Cambodia and Laos occurred in the same year, with the fall of Cambodia's capital, Phnom Penh on April 17 and the taking of Laos's capital, Vientiane on December 2. [241]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 12:39:29</t0> Ancient peoples in Mesopotamia adopted clay tablets as the first known writing medium.[8] Clay was chosen due to the local material being easy to work with and widely available.[24] Scribes wrote on the tablets by inscribing them with a script known as <e0>cuneiform</e0>, using a blunt reed called a stylus, which effectively produced the wedge shaped markings of their writing. After being written on, clay tablets could be reworked into fresh tablets and reused if needed, or fired to make them permanent records. Purpose-made clay balls were used as sling ammunition.[25] Clay is used in many industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering.[26] Bentonite clay is widely used as a mold binder in the manufacture of sand castings.[27][28]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/25/2023, 21:22:36</t0> Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A" rating and praised Benicio del Toro's performance, which critic Owen Gleiberman called, "haunting in his understatement, [it] becomes the film's quietly awakening moral center".[26] Desson Howe, in his review for the Washington Post, wrote, "Soderbergh and screenwriter Stephen Gaghan, who based this on a British television miniseries of the same name, have created an often exhilarating, soup-to-nuts exposé of the world's most lucrative trade".[27] In his review for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers wrote, "The hand-held camerawork – Soderbergh himself did the holding—provides a documentary feel that rivets attention".[28] However, Richard Schickel of <e0>Time</e0>, in a rare negative review, finds the film's biggest weakness to be that it contains the "cliches of a hundred crime movies" before concluding that "Traffic, for all its earnestness, does not work. It leaves one feeling restless and dissatisfied".[29] In an interview, director Ingmar Bergman lauded the film as "amazing".[30]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/20/2023, 01:17:29</t0> Sand dunes were constructed on the borough's beaches in the mid-1990s at a cost of $10,000, using snow fences and discarded Christmas trees to build a base of wind-driven sand that rose 15 feet (4.6 m), atop which dune grass was planted. These dunes helped provide significant protection to Bradley Beach from the havoc wreaked by <e0>Hurricane Sandy</e0> in October 2012, blunting the impact of the storm surge and limiting damage in the borough to beach areas and homes near the shore to $3 million, while neighboring communities that hadn't constructed such dunes suffered much more extensive damage.[31]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/05/2021, 13:21:14</t0> The television series <e0>Lost</e0> includes a number of mysterious elements that have been ascribed to science fiction or supernatural phenomena, usually concerning coincidences, synchronicity, déjà vu, temporal and spatial anomalies, paradoxes, and other puzzling phenomena. The creators of the series refer to these as part of the mythology of the series.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/05/2021, 13:21:14</t0> At the 2005 San Diego Comic-Con International, Lindelof stated that "we may never know what the Numbers mean". In a 2010 interview with <e0>USA Today</e0>, Lindelof also remarked that the show “wasn't about the answer to what the numbers meant, it was really about: 'How did I feel while I was watching Lost?'"[19]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2022, 04:29:33</t0> <e0>World War II</e0>

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2022, 04:29:33</t0> 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines was constituted in April 1914 during <e0>World War I</e0> when it was activated as one of the three battalions of the 4th Marine Regiment. Shortly after being activated, the battalion deployed to Mexico as part of the punitive expedition led by General John J. Pershing. The presence of American forces offshore proved to be sufficient pressure on the Mexican government to act to end the threat to Americans.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/12/2013, 14:45:29</t0> Yuyan (1918–1997), courtesy name Yanrui, nickname Xiaoruizi, was a Chinese calligrapher of Manchu descent. He was a member of the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0>. He claimed that he was appointed by Puyi, the last Emperor of China, as the heir to the throne. His claim is the subject of the travel adventure book The Empty Throne by British journalist Tony Scotland.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/05/2023, 11:53:18</t0> Albany County is situated at a major crossroads of the Northeastern United States, first formed by the Mohawk and Hudson rivers. Even before the <e0>Interstate Highway System</e0> and the U.S. Highway system, Albany County was the hub of many turnpikes and plank roads that connected the region, as well as the Erie Canal reaching the Great Lakes.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/28/2021, 06:19:01</t0> Les villages détruits (the destroyed villages) are in northern France, mostly in the French département of Meuse. During the <e0>First World War</e0>, specifically at the time of the Battle of Verdun in 1916, many villages in northern France were destroyed by the fighting. After the war, it was decided that the land previously occupied by the destroyed villages would not be incorporated into other communes, as a testament to these villages which had "died for France", as they were declared, and to preserve their memory.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 17:10:11</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0> it was under German occupation from October 15, 1941 to 1943.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2021, 15:48:40</t0> "Be Yourself" has routinely been heard in multiple media. The song is the theme music of the 2005 Raw Diva Search which was held by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), and it was used as the entrance music of the winner of that contest, Ashley Massaro. WWE once again used the song as one of the official theme songs to Wrestlemania XXVI. "Be Yourself" was also used in the Scrubs season six premiere episode "<e0>My Mirror Image</e0>". Along with "Your Time Has Come", the track also appeared in the documentary Warren Miller's: Higher Ground. New York Mets outfielder Shawn Green also used the song before his at-bats at games in 2006.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/02/2023, 12:59:53</t0> Until 1949, the Dominion of Newfoundland was a separate dominion in the British Empire. In 1933 the House of Assembly of the self-governing dominion voted to dissolve itself and to hand over administration of Newfoundland and Labrador to the British-appointed Commission of Government. This followed the suffering caused by the Great Depression and Newfoundland's participation in <e0>World War I</e0>. On March 31, 1949, it became the 10th and newest province to join the Canadian Confederation as "Newfoundland". On December 6, 2001, the Constitution of Canada was amended to change the province's name from "Newfoundland" to "Newfoundland and Labrador".