text
stringlengths 9
5.77M
| timestamp
stringlengths 26
26
| url
stringlengths 32
32
|
|---|---|---|
Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms.
Distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms, also known as pericallosal artery aneurysms, represent about 6% of all intracranial aneurysms. They are located on the A2-A5 segments of the anterior cerebral artery and on its distal branches. This paper summarizes present knowledge on radiological features, treatment options, treatment results, and long-term follow-up of DACA aneurysms. Typical features of DACA aneurysms are small size, broad base, and branches originating from the base. When ruptured, they cause intracerebral hematoma in nearly half of the cases. DACA aneurysms are nowadays more often treated with microsurgical clipping than endovascular coiling due to their distal location and morphologic features. With clipping the results are same or slightly better than for aneurysms at other locations, coiling is often associated with more complications than in other aneurysms. Clipping is a long-lasting treatment with very small recurrence rate, there is no long-term data available on efficacy of coiling yet. For ruptured DACA aneurysms the most important factors affecting outcome is the severity of initial bleeding and patient's age. | 2024-07-17T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3298 |
Q:
Eclipse RCP SourceProvider listening for changes
I have a source provider that helps to provide state for enabling buttons and menu items. The enabling part is working correctly. My challenge is how to get the source provider called when various editors / views are activated.
I have implemented IPartListener2 on the source provider but don't see a way to get it registered for all editors and views in a generic way. The getPartService().addPartListerner(this) will register it but only for a specific workbench part. Also the constructor for the Source Provider is called before any part is active so getting a valid part is not working.
What is the best way to register this Source Provider for all editors and views?
Thanks for reading my question and any assistance you can provide.
A:
Use a IWindowListener to listen for workbench windows being activated:
IWorkbench workbench = PlatformUI.getWorkbench();
workbench.addWindowListener(windowListener);
In the windowActivated method of the listener use the window part service to add a part listener for the window:
public void windowActivated(IWorkbenchWindow window)
{
window.getPartService().addPartListener(partListener);
}
As an example see org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.actions.ActionDelegateHelper
| 2023-09-30T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4051 |
Categories
Using a combination of field instrumentation, unmanned aerial vehicles and a hydrologic model, a team of researchers from Arizona State University and the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research Program of the National Science Foundation has been studying the fate of monsoon rainfall and its impact on groundwater recharge in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico.
Their findings, recently published in the journal Water Resources Research, explain how a surprising amount of rainfall, nearly 25 percent, from monsoon storms is absorbed into small stream beds and percolates into the groundwater system. The researchers identified factors affecting the percolation process through the use of a numerical model that reproduced the long-term observations obtained at a highly instrumented research site.
“The results of this study show that monsoon storms serve an important role in recharging groundwater aquifers near the point of runoff generation,” said ASU hydrologist Enrique Vivoni of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment. “This is an essential process that banks renewable surface water for future use as a groundwater resource in the arid Southwest and throughout the world.”
New solar energy research from Arizona State University demonstrates that silicon-based tandem photovoltaic modules, which convert sunlight to electricity with higher efficiency than present modules, will become increasingly attractive in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s SunShot Initiative was launched in 2011 with a goal of making solar cost-competitive with conventional energy sources by 2020. The program attained its goal of $0.06 per kilowatt-hour three years early, and a new target of $0.03 per kilowatt-hour by 2030 has been set. Increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic modules is one route to reducing the cost of the solar electricity to this new target. If reached, the goal is expected to triple the amount of solar installed in the U.S. in 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario.
Three times farther from the sun than Earth, a massive asteroid made of metal floats in space between Mars and Jupiter. Its name is Psyche, and it could be the core of an early planet that survived violent collisions when the solar system was forming. Psyche was the sixteenth asteroid ever discovered, in 1852, but only recently has a spacecraft mission been initiated by Arizona State University and NASA to study this asteroid in more depth.
Unlike most other known asteroids, which are primarily rocky, Psyche appears to be made almost entirely of nickel-iron metal — much like Earth’s own core. According to ASU’s Psyche website, “The asteroid Psyche may be able to tell us how Earth’s core and the cores of the other terrestrial (rocky) planets came to be.” Scientists can’t investigate Earth’s core directly, so studying an asteroid with a similar makeup may be the next best thing.
ASU leads the Psyche mission, and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is responsible for its management, operations and spacecraft navigation. The spacecraft is slated to launch in 2022, and then it will spend nearly four years cruising through space, using the gravitational field of Mars to increase in speed, until it reaches Psyche in 2026. Upon arrival, the spacecraft will orbit Psyche for 21 months, mapping and studying the asteroid’s properties.
Earth is experiencing a Great Transition as its peoples slowly shift from fossil fuels to wind, plants, natural processes and our sun.
It’s not the first time people have changed where they get their energy sources, but as energy historian Chris Jones
said, what makes the Great Transition different is that this time we need to get rid of something, instead of just adding something. Climate change is the binding constraint.
Arizona State University is part of a new coalition of 13 leading research universities committed to tackling climate change. The group — called the University Climate Change Coalition — includes universities from the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Read the full story on ASU Now to learn how ASU energy scholars are confronting the difficult challenges of transforming the climate narrative and enacting change through policy.
Beginning this summer, members of 12 rural communities throughout Arizona will get the chance to explore the past, present and future of water’s environmental and cultural impact in Arizona and beyond when the Smithsonian Institution's traveling exhibit Water/Ways visits their town. The first location to see Water/Ways is the Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum between June 2 and July 15.
Presented by Arizona State University and Arizona Humanities, the exhibit's journey continues through March 2020.
“Partnering with the Smithsonian on this project gave us an opportunity to expand the scope and impact of the work being done at the Decision Center for a Desert City to well beyond Phoenix and Arizona, to provide an informal educational experience in rural areas and reach an audience much broader in scope and background than we had previously been able to reach,” said David White, director of DCDC and a senior sustainability scientist at ASU’s Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability.
As many as 1.3 billion people lack access to electrical power, according to Senior Sustainability Scientist Nathan Johnson. That's why the ASU engineer – who directs the Laboratory for Energy And Power Solutions – is advancing technologies for electrical-grid modernization and off-grid electrification.
One of these solutions is the microgrid, which provides independent power generation and storage. Johnson and the LEAPS team are developing microgrids that are more technically and economically viable – easier to design, scale and transport. On top of providing the world's poorest and most remote communities with stable power, this technology can improve scenarios like disaster relief and medical care.
Johnson’s approach to military microgrids won a TechConnect Defense Innovation Award at the Defense Innovation Technology Acceleration Challenges Summit.
If cities in developing nations don’t address their burgeoning slums, poverty will increase, political instability will heighten and human misery will continue.
That's according to Senior Sustainability Scientist José Lobo, one of the authors of a 2018 report presented at the World Urban Forum. The report detailed the efforts of Know Your City, an initiative that organized slum residents in 103 cities to profile, enumerate and map their communities.
“The central premise of community data collection is that the data collected becomes an instrument to foster a dialogue among the many different parties (communities, public agencies, governments, NGOs, international funding agencies) about the design and implementation of effective solutions,” Lobo said.
Chris Wharton, director of the Food Systems Transformation Initiative, gives the latest KEDTalk hosted by ASU's Knowledge Enterprise Development. "We live in a world of wild, damaging, unsustainable excess," he says, and the solution requires a rapid, transformational response. By revealing what is hidden in plain sight, Wharton illuminates a path to health, wealth, happiness and sustainability through values-based behavior change.
ASU is part of a new coalition of 13 leading research universities committed to tackling climate change. The group – called the University Climate Change Coalition, or UC3 – includes distinguished universities from the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Each university has committed to mobilizing its resources and expertise to help businesses, cities and states achieve their climate goals. Specific UC3 goals include hosting cross-sector forums and producing a climate mitigation and adaptation report.
The formation of UC3 was announced at the Second Nature 2018 Higher Education Climate Leadership Summit.
There are plenty of sci-fi stories set in post-apocalyptic scenarios where urban ruins crumble amid mass environmental destruction, and the remaining human communities struggle to find food, water and shelter. Charlie Jane Anders’ short sci-fi story “The Minnesota Diet” is different, and the Food Systems Transformation Initiative (FSTI) director Chris Wharton explains why in a special Future Tense article for Slate.
Anders’ story begins in fictional New Lincoln, a technologically advanced, future urban city seemingly well-insulated from agricultural vulnerabilities—until it isn’t.
Wharton says “The Minnesota Diet” offers opportunities for backcasting and reflection on our current behaviors when it comes to our food system. Anders’ story lends insight into more than just the technological efficiencies required for food production and delivery systems — it invites us to think critically about the choices we make right now with the resources we have today.
$200 billion worth of consumer products are now managed using tools created by The Sustainability Consortium – an organization run by ASU and the University of Arkansas – according to the consortium's 2017 impact report.
TSC helps companies define, develop and deliver more sustainable products by providing them with science-based tools. Its members – which exceed 100 and include brands like Walmart, Amazon and Walgreens – have access to research insights in almost 130 product categories. To date, 85 percent of consumer goods are covered.
“We are now seeing the tide changing in the number of companies committing to creating sustainable products for a more sustainable planet,” said TSC Chief Executive Euan Murray.
When Senior Sustainability Scientist Shade Shutters approached communities and economic developers in Arizona with tools to create green economies, they initially dismissed him. The mindset was, "put food on the table first, then you can think about the long term," and they wanted to prioritize jobs.
Shutters was eventually able to garner interest by rebranding 'green decision tools' as 'innovation and creative economy tools,' insight he shared at a Jan. 23 Future Tense event co-hosted by ASU and COMEXI – Mexico’s influential foreign affairs think tank.
Titled “Will our Cities Survive the 21st Century?," the event convened reporters, experts and resilience officers from around the world. Participants agreed that the successful future of cities relies on involving all communities when communicating threats, setting priorities and making decisions about mitigation and adaptation.
As Cape Town, South Africa nears “Day Zero” when authorities turn off the taps — expected in the first half of April 2018 — Senior Sustainability Scientist Dave White expresses the pressing need to adapt urban water systems to stresses like climate change.
White, who directs ASU's Decision Center for a Desert City, says that the causes of Cape Town's water crisis are familiar to water managers in water-scarce cities around the world – like Phoenix. These include limited supplies, dramatic population growth, aging and inefficient infrastructure, persistent drought, inadequate reservoir storage and climate change impacts.
Luckily, White provides a number of ways to improve water resilience. Among them are greater public engagement in water management planning and decision making, public and private investment in technology and infrastructure, rainwater harvesting, enhanced recycling and reuse of wastewater, cross-sector conservation and demand management, and development of new renewable supplies where feasible.
With the goal of harnessing the innovative capacity of academia and developing options for the sound management of our planet, ASU President Michael Crow announced the launch of the Global Futures Initiative in January 2018.
Global Futures will take the pieces ASU already has and fuse them together more tightly while breaking intellectual ground. It will build new and bigger collaborations; find untapped opportunities that lie between disciplines, schools and existing projects; and amplify ASU’s global impact.
That's according to Peter Schlosser, Vice President and Vice Provost of Global Futures, who was recruited from Columbia University to lead the effort.
“Global Futures is a platform from which to take a broad look at the trajectory of our planet and the role of global society in shaping it," said Schlosser, "to gather and synthesize knowledge from many frameworks and to fundamentally alter how we manage the planet in ways that achieve sustained habitability.”
That’s why Maria Cruz Torres, an anthropologist and senior sustainability scientist at ASU, has worked tirelessly for twenty years to make their efforts visible – even despite the threat of personal violence. She tells the stories of 52 women in her most recent book, “Voices Throughout Time: Testimonies of Women Shrimp Traders in Sinaloa, Mexico.”
Cruz Torres’ work illuminates the interrelations of gender, labor and resource management in aquaculture, as well as the industry’s effects on the political ecology and economy of the U.S.-Mexico transborder region. She was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2017.
The benefits of urban agriculture may seem local and limited, but – according to a team of researchers led by ASU and Google – the collective environmental impact is significant.
The team – which includes Senior Sustainability Scientist Matei Georgescu – analyzed global population, urban, meteorological, terrain and Food and Agricultural Organization data sets in Google Earth Engine to come to their global scale estimates. They then aggregated them by country.
“Our estimates of ecosystem services show potential for millions of tons of food production, thousands of tons of nitrogen sequestration, billions of kilowatt hours of energy savings and billions of cubic meters of avoided storm runoff from agriculture in urban areas,” Georgescu said.
By employing cyanobacteria – a photosynthesis-happy bug – Senior Sustainability Scientist Taylor Weiss is making environmentally-friendly bioplastics that dissolve in a matter of months.
Weiss achieves this by creating a symbiotic partnership between two bacteria, each specializing in a specific task. He recently joined ASU’s Polytechnic campus, where he is scaling up the process at the Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation.
"Bringing all these elements together and in real-world conditions at large scales needs to be done," Weiss said. "Fortunately, we have a one-of-a-kind academic test bed facility here at AzCATI that is uniquely suited to answer the remaining production questions and push development of the technology."
One of the most pressing global challenges for sustainable development in the era of the Anthropocene is freshwater management. Water is a fundamental human necessity and essential to improve social equity, promote broad economic development and protect the functioning of the earth system.
That’s why ASU’s Decision Center for a Desert City collaborated with scientists, managers, policymakers and other stakeholders in Pernambuco, Brazil – to build local capacity to manage existing and future water resources efficiently, sustainably and equitably. Together, the team developed modeling tools and a decision support system that prepares users for whatever water scenarios come their way.
In December 2017, two years after the Paris climate agreement was signed, the One Planet summit explored ways to meet climate goals without the support of the United States government.
On that note, Distinguished Sustainability Fellow Sir Crispin Tickell – an ASU Wrigley Institute board member – gave ASU Now his prescription for the denial of climate change science in the U.S.
"We need a bit of political leadership. We had it originally in Britain from Margaret Thatcher, with whom I used to work quite closely," Tickell said. "I think politicians should take a grip and explain clearly to people in language they can understand what is happening and what has to be done about it, and what it will be necessary to do if nothing is done sooner rather than later."
With the aim of finding better solutions to today's food-related challenges, Kelly and Brian Swette have made a major gift to establish the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems at Arizona State University.
The new center, housed within the School of Sustainability, will tackle food systems from a holistic standpoint, taking into consideration water and energy use, carbon footprint and nutrition – all with an emphasis on efficiency across the global supply chain. It will also offer the nation’s first degree in Sustainable Food Systems.
Explaining that the new center will accelerate and expand current efforts, Dean Christopher Boone said, "By combining ASU’s assets as a research powerhouse with the entrepreneurial spirit of our students and the expertise from external partners, these sustainable food systems solutions will have profound and positive implications for livelihoods, human health and ecosystem integrity."
Research
Education
WaterSim
About
Supported by the National Science Foundation under award numbers SES-1462086, SES-0951366 and SES-0345945. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. | 2024-05-04T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4462 |
This year is proving to be a busy year for legislative updates. Aside from the usual wage updates, payslips are due to change, increasing transparency for both you and your employer.
The current scenario
Under current legislation, most workers must be issued their own payslip on or before their pay date. The only exception is if you define yourself as being self-employed. Your payslip can be provided either online or as a hard copy. This must include the following:
Your gross pay
Variable deductions
Fixed deductions
Your net pay (this is your gross pay minus any deductions)
What are the planned changes?
The government estimates that just under 300,000 eligible workers do not receive a payslip. From the 6th April 2019, these workers must be provided with one. In addition to the points above, your payslip must show the number of variable hours you have worked. However, this is only required if you receive a different wage depending on the hours you’ve worked.
How could this affect me?
As both your income and hours are expected to fluctuate whilst contracting, the hours that you’ve worked will be noted on your payslip. For example, if you are paid on an hourly rate basis, then you should expect to see the hours you have worked on your payslip.
The changes are designed to improve the transparency between you and your employer or client, and to resolve any disputes that may happen. There is further guidance available online.
How can we help?
At Parasol, we always ensure complete compliance with legislation, making us the perfect partner to take care of your payslips as we’re with you all the way. If you have any unanswered questions regarding your payslip and the upcoming changes, please do not hesitate to contact us. | 2023-10-29T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3342 |
social
Say No to Bow Hunting for Deer on Sundays
April 08, 2014 | Take Action
Did you know that the General Assembly in Connecticut is again considering a bill to allow Sunday bow hunting on private lands to reduce the state’s deer population, especially in southwestern Connecticut?
Friends of Animals is opposed to controlling free-living animals through hunting or birth control. The Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection’s idea of deer overpopulation is not based on science—it is propaganda from an agency that is wedded to every licensed hunter who is their client.
If the agency was not dependent on licensed hunters for its budget, it might be more considerate of the majority of the state’s population who are non-hunters. Connecticut residents who hunt—there were 46,000 in 2011—comprise just 1.3 percent of the state’s total population.
FoA is adamant that bow hunting on Sundays remains illegal so that Connecticut continues to have one day per week for nonhunters to enjoy the outdoors without having to contend with hunters.
To FoA’s dismay, on March 21, the Environment Committee approved HB 5080 that would allow the hunting in areas designated by the DEEP commissioner as overpopulated deer zones, such as Fairfield County, where it states there are 23 deer per square mile.
There are too many people, not deer in Fairfield County. The U.S. Census Bureau stats from 2010 reveal that there were 1,467.2 people per square mile in Fairfield County. So for every one deer, that’s 63 people. It’s time for the DEEP to acknowledge how humans’ reckless overdevelopment directly impacts and degrades our relationship with deer and other free-living animals. Deer should not be treated like pests in their own habitat.
Most of DEEP’s deer density data is in fact outdated. Only three of the state’s 12 deer management zones were surveyed in 2013 to determine deer density—all other zones were surveyed eight years ago in 2006.
Nature ensures that the deer population is limited by available food, territory and winter weather conditions, which restrict both food and range—thus, a natural balance. Hunting can actually cause the numbers to rise, according to biologists. In large populations, deer conceive later in the season, and that results in late-born fawns with a reduced chance of surviving through the winter. So although hunting reduces the population in the immediate sense, it stimulates early reproduction and augments the chances for survival in the next generation. And hunting—whether it’s focused on female or male deer—will mean more food remains for the survivors.
Bow hunting is a particularly brutal practice. A deer’s nervous system is as complex as our own, and when a deer is superficially shot, they suffer in prolonged agony and distress. It can take a hunter one or more days to locate a wounded deer, and when they discover it’s still alive they will cut its throat.
People need to be educated about the simple ways they can protect their flowers and ornamental bushes from deer. And they need to be made aware that hunting deer will not mean less car/deer collisions either. In 2002, Friends of Animals surveyed state wildlife departments regarding incidents in which drivers hit deer. Our findings indicate that shooting deer exacerbates the movement of deer during the mating season. The executive director of the Missouri Insurance Information Service has urged drivers to be especially cautious during the hunting season, when people are “chasing deer out of the woods.”
Notably, our study also found a significant increase in the number of deer hit by cars during hunting season: October, November and December.
The bill next moves on to the Senate. Similar legislation passed the House last year, but died in the Senate. State Sen. Ed Meyer, co-chairman of the Environment Committee, said he would push for a Senate debate on the bill prior to the midnight May 7 adjournment.
FoA is asking its Connecticut supporters to contact their local state representatives and senators and tell them you oppose HB 5080 and instead would like to see them help disseminate information about how to peacefully coexist with wildlife in the state. Click here to find a directory of your local elected officials.
You can email Meyer and tell him you oppose HB 5080 by clicking here or write to him at Capitol Office, Legislative Office Building, Room 3200 Hartford, CT 06106-1591. | 2023-12-02T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8617 |
The 10-year Treasury yield fell to a record low on Tuesday as coronavirus fears raised concerns about global economic growth and sent investors scrambling into the safety of U.S. government bonds.
The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note fell about more than 6 basis points to 1.312% during morning trading, below its previous record low of 1.325% set on July 6, 2016 in the aftermath of the United Kingdom's Brexit vote.
The yield on the 30-year Treasury bond tumbled more than 3 basis points to a new all-time low of 1.798%. The long-duration rate has plunged about 40 basis points this year. Bond yields fall as prices rise.
A sharp rise in cases of the new coronavirus in Italy, South Korea and the Middle East sparked fears of a global pandemic that will slow the world economy. U.S. health officials said that Americans should "prepare for the expectation that this is going to be bad," sending investors running for cover.
"Should it devolve into an outright pandemic where you can expect to see more material diminution of economic activity, if not even conjure up a heightened risk of recession, then why shouldn't the 10-year yield break through even a 1-handle," said Mark Luschini, chief investment strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the coronavirus is "likely" to continue to spread throughout the U.S. and outlined what schools and businesses should do if the disease becomes an epidemic. Total confirmed cases globally have surged to more than 80,200 and at least 2,704 people have died of the coronavirus. | 2023-09-18T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4834 |
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf has submitted a resolution in the Punjab Assembly against the PML-N leader and former prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi.
The party wants a treason case to be registered against Abbasi for what it says was a statement against the army.
The former PM had claimed that the army is still interfering in politics from behind the scenes.
“The media is controlled and even the courts are complaining,” Mr Abbasi told SAMAA TV in an exclusive interview aired on Saturday, Sept 22.
Abbasi’s statement gave the Indian media opportunity to malign the Pakistan Army, the resolution said.
The resolution also calls for barring Abbasi from holding public office for life. | 2024-06-25T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4645 |
335 So.2d 798 (1976)
Joseph A. MICIOTTO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
James W. COX, Sr., et al., Defendants-Appellants.
No. 12941.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.
July 7, 1976.
Rehearing Denied August 3, 1976.
Patrick W. Looney, John M. Brown, Shreveport, for plaintiffs-appellants.
Richie & Kernaghan by Edward O. Kernaghan, Shreveport, for James Cox et al., defendants, third party plaintiffs-appellants.
Cook, Clark, Egan, Yancey & King by Edwin L. Blewer, Jr., Loret J. Ross, Shreveport, for Kenny Kuperman, defendant, third party plaintiff-appellee.
Lunn, Irion, Switzer, Johnson & Salley by Harry A. Johnson, Shreveport, for State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., and Wayne Curtis, defendants-appellees.
Blanchard, Walker, O'Quin & Roberts by Jerald L. Perlman, Shreveport, for KSLATV and Insurance Co. of North America, third party defendants-appellees.
*799 Simon, Carroll, Fitzgerald & Frazer by Richard A. Fraser, Jr., Shreveport, for KWKH Kennonwood, third party defendant-appellee.
Before BOLIN, MARVIN and JONES, JJ.
En Banc. Rehearing Denied August 3, 1976.
JONES, Judge.
Richard Miciotto was killed in an accident on July 8, 1973 while riding in a dune buggy driven by James Cox, Jr. The dune buggy collided with a car being driven by Kenny Kuperman. The parents of Richard Miciotto and his brothers and sister sued James Cox, Sr., individually and as administrator of the estate of his minor son, James Cox, Jr., James Cox, Jr., and Kenny Kuperman. The principal defendants filed numerous third party actions against various other parties, several of whom were dismissed prior to the trial on the merits.
After trial on the merits, judgment was rendered in favor of defendants rejecting the demands of plaintiffs. A judgment to that effect was signed on July 16, 1975. The part of that judgment dealing with the principal defendants reads as follows:
"IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that there be judgment herein, rejecting the demands of Plaintiffs, and in favor of Defendants, James W. Cox, Sr. and Kenny Kuperman."
The remainder of that judgment dealt with the disposition of all third party demands, which, of course, were all rejected. According to the certificate on the judgment, notice of judgment was mailed to plaintiffs on July 18, 1975.
On September 3, 1975, an amended judgment was signed by the trial court pursuant to C.C.P. art. 1951. On its own motion, the court amended the original judgment with respect to the wording of the decrees disposing of two of the third party demands. The name of the insurer of one of the third party defendants was inserted in place of its insured and the name of an additional third party defendant who was apparently inadvertently omitted from the original judgment, was added. The decree disposing of the principal demands was repeated without change in the amended judgment. Notice of this judgment was mailed on September 5, 1975.
Orders of devolutive appeal were obtained by plaintiffs on November 21, 1975. Motions to dismiss the appeal as untimely have been filed by James Cox, Sr., individually and as administrator of the estate of his minor son, and Kenny Kuperman. We sustain the motions to dismiss the appeal.
Orders of devolutive appeal were obtained by defendants James W. Cox, Sr., individually and as administrator of the estate of James W. Cox, Jr., and James W. Cox, Jr. insofar as said trial court judgment dismissed their third party actions against State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company and Wayne Curtis.
Code of Civil Procedure, Article 2083 defines those judgments that are appealable:
"An appeal may be taken from a final judgment rendered in causes in which appeals are given by law whether rendered after hearing or by default, and from an interlocutory judgment which may cause irreparable injury."
Article 1951 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides for permissible amendments to judgments by the trial court.
"A final judgment may be amended by the trial court at any time, with or without notice, on its own motion or on motion of any party:
(1) To alter the phraseology of the judgment, but not the substance; or
(2) To correct errors of calculation."
The amendment made in the judgment signed on September 3, 1975 was, according to C.C.P. art. 1951, an amendment of the final judgment signed on July 16, 1975.
C.C.P. Art. 2087 provides the time delays for taking a devolutive appeal:
"Except as otherwise provided by law, an appeal which does not suspend the effect or the execution of an appealable order or judgment may be taken, and the security *800 therefor furnished, only within ninety days of:
(1) The expiration of the delay for applying for a new trial, as provided by Article 1974, if no application has been filed timely;
(2) The court's refusal to grant a timely application for a new trial, if the applicant is not entitled to notice of such refusal under Article 1914; or
(3) The date of the mailing of notice of the court's refusal to grant a timely application for a new trial, if the applicant is entitled to such notice under Article 1914."
No motion for a new trial was filed by plaintiffs. The seven days for that application and the ninety days for perfecting a devolutive appeal elapsed before any action was taken by plaintiffs. Since the order of appeal was obtained and the appeal bond was filed after the applicable delays, the motions to dismiss the appeal must be sustained.
Having found that the appeal of plaintiffs on the principal demand is untimely and that we are without jurisdiction, we conclude that defendants' appeals with respect to the third party defendants must be dismissed.
For the foregoing reasons, the appeals are dismissed.
| 2024-03-23T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9688 |
122 F.3d 1073
NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel.Eugene MURPHY; Tamiyo Murphy, Plaintiffs-Appellees,v.ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, et al., Defendant-Appellant.
No. 94-16129.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and submitted July 14, 1997.Decided Sept. 2, 1997.
1
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Nevada Mary Johnson Lowe, Senior Judge, Presiding
2
Before: HALL, WIGGINS, Circuit Judges and SHADUR, District Judge**.
3
MEMORANDUM*
4
Joseph Murphy was killed in an automobile accident in Las Vegas, Nevada. His parents ("the Murphys") sued Allstate Insurance Company after Allstate refused to pay them under their personal umbrella policy. Following a bench trial, the district court entered judgment of almost $400,000 plus interest in favor of the Murphys. Allstate appeals.
I. Section 687B.145(2)
5
Allstate contends that Nev.Rev.Stat. § 687B.145(2)'s "must offer" requirement does not apply to the Murphys' personal umbrella policy. As it read in 1989, § 687.145(2) provided:
6
Insurance companies doing business in this state must offer uninsured motorist coverage equal to the limits of bodily injury coverage sold to the policyholder. Uninsured motorist coverage must include a provision which enables the insured to recover up to the limits of his own coverage any amount of damage for bodily injury from his insurer which he is legally entitled to recover from the owner or operator of the other vehicle to the extent that these damages exceed the limits of the bodily injury coverage carried by that owner or operator.
7
The Nevada Supreme Court has never decided whether this provision's must-offer requirement applies to personal umbrella policies. "Where the state's highest court has not decided an issue, the task of the federal courts is to predict how the state high court would resolve it." DeSoto v. Yellow Freight Systems, Inc., 557 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir.1992) (quoting Dimidowich v. Bell & Howell, 803 F.2d 1473, 1482 (9th Cir.1986)).
8
We are guided in this inquiry by the Nevada Supreme Court's recent decision in Delmue v. Allstate Ins. Co., 936 P.2d 326 (Nev.1997). Delmue held that the must-offer requirement contained in the current version of § 687.145(2) applies to personal umbrella policies. Id. at 329.
9
While we may not agree with Delmue 's reasoning, its holding provides clear guidance as to how the Nevada Supreme Court would decide the present case. Although the language of the former § 687.145(2) is slightly different, it is almost inconceivable that these differences in language would cause the Nevada Supreme Court to reach a different result. Relying on Delmue, we hold that the must-offer requirement of the former § 687.145(2) applies to the Murphys' personal umbrella policy with Allstate. Thus, the district court correctly concluded that uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage must be read into the Murphys' personal umbrella policy because Allstate failed to offer such coverage when the policy was issued.
10
II. The "Required Underlying Insurance" Offset
11
Similarly, we are not persuaded that the Nevada Supreme Court would give Allstate an $85,000 offset as a result of the Murphys' decision to carry lower uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage under their automobile insurance policy. If we were able to write on a blank slate, Allstate's argument that the Murphys should be held to the implications of their choice to purchase lower coverage limits of $15,000/$30,000 in their automobile liability policy has considerable force. See, e.g., Washam v. Chancellor, 507 So.2d 806 (La.1987). While not specifically mentioning uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, Allstate's policy provided that the Murphys had to maintain bodily injury coverage in their automobile liability policy of $100,000. Nevada law required Allstate to offer uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage in an amount equal to the bodily injury coverage in the Murphys' automobile policy. Allstate did so, but the Murphys decided to forego the additional $85,000 in uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. We are inclined to agree with Allstate that the Murphys should face the consequences of that choice.
12
However, we must predict how the Nevada Supreme Court would resolve this issue. The Nevada Supreme Court has gone to great lengths to hold in favor of the insureds in this type of uninsured/underinsured motorist cases, invoking in each case the rule that the uninsured motorist statute must be strictly construed in favor of the insured. See Delmue, 936 P.2d at 328; Ippolito v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 705 P.2d 134, 136 (Nev.1985). We believe that the Nevada Supreme Court would note that the "Required Underlying Insurance" provision of the Murphys' umbrella policy does not specifically require $100,000 in underlying uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. Accordingly, we predict that the Nevada Supreme Court would hold in favor of the Murphys on this issue.
13
III. Challenges to the District Court's Factual Findings
14
Allstate argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the district court's findings that: (1) Joseph Murphy was a resident of the Murphys' household at the time of the accident; (2) Rene Esteves was driving at the time of the accident; and (3) Joseph Murphy did not act negligently when he got into the automobile which Esteves was driving. We review the district court's findings with respect to all three of these issues for clear error.1 We will accept the district court's findings of fact unless we are left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Snow v. Standard Ins. Co., 87 F.3d 327, 331 (9th Cir.1996). "If the district court's account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety, the court of appeals may not reverse it even though convinced that had it been sitting as the trier of fact, it would have weighed the evidence differently." Service Employees Int'l Union v. Fair Political Practices Comm'n, 955 F.2d 1312, 1317 n. 7 (9th Cir.1992) (quoting Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 573-74 (1985)).
15
Although Allstate presented some evidence which tended to show that Joseph did not intend to return to the Murphy residence, other evidence introduced at trial tended to show that Joseph's absence from the Murphy household was the temporary result of a dispute between a high school senior and his father. Similarly, although there may be some reason to be skeptical of Curtis's testimony that Esteves was driving the vehicle when it left her apartment, the district court's account of the evidence is not implausible. Last, at least some evidence introduced at trial tends to show that Joseph may not have been aware of Esteves's intoxicated condition when they left the party. As a result, we do not conclude that the district court clearly erred with respect to any of these three factual findings.
16
IV. The District Judge's Alleged Bias and Lack of Impartiality
17
Finally, Allstate contends that it was denied its right to a fair trial because Judge Lowe was predisposed in favor of the Murphys. To support this claim, Allstate points to Judge Lowe's conduct during its closing argument and examination of certain witnesses. A review of the entire record, however, reveals nothing more than a vigorous judicial presence in the courtroom punctuated by several exchanges between Judge Lowe and Allstate's counsel. Nothing in the record indicates that Judge Lowe based her decisions on any sort of bias or partiality. Allstate's claim of judicial bias is unfounded.
18
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
**
Hon. Milton I. Shadur, Senior United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3
1
We review the issue of Joseph Murphy's residence for clear error even though it presents a mixed question of law and fact because the inquiry is "essentially factual." United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1203 (9th Cir.1984) (en banc)
| 2023-08-03T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3654 |
Q:
welcoming user with their username in android
i am building an app on android where a user has to login to access the app.
its connected to a remote server. i also want to welcome user when they have been directed to a new activity upon successful login "welcome +username", i understand the process has to be done in intent section, but i am using a switch statement. here is my full code.
public class LoginActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private EditText user, pass;
private Button mSubmit, mRegister;
// Progress Dialog
private ProgressDialog pDialog;
// JSON parser class
JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();
// php login script location:
// localhost :
// testing on your device
// put your local ip instead, on windows, run CMD > ipconfig
// or in mac's terminal type ifconfig and look for the ip under en0 or en1
// private static final String LOGIN_URL =
// "http://xxx.xxx.x.x:1234/webservice/login.php";
// testing on Emulator:
//private static final String LOGIN_URL = "http://10.0.2.2:1234/webservice/login.php";
// testing from a real server:
private static final String LOGIN_URL = "http://10.0.2.2:1234/webservices/login.php";
// "http://10.0.2.2:1234/webservice/login.php";
// JSON element ids from repsonse of php script:
private static final String TAG_SUCCESS = "success";
private static final String TAG_MESSAGE = "message";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.login);
final ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
/*actionBar.hide();*/
actionBar.setCustomView(R.layout.actionbar_login);
actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(false);
actionBar.setDisplayShowCustomEnabled(true);
actionBar.setDisplayUseLogoEnabled(false);
actionBar.setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false);
/*actionBar.setBackgroundDrawable(getResources().getDrawable((R.drawable.actionbar)));*/
// setup input fields
user = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username_login);
pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password_login);
// setup buttons
mSubmit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.loginBtn);
mRegister = (Button) findViewById(R.id.register);
// register listeners
mSubmit.setOnClickListener(this);
mRegister.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.loginBtn:
new AttemptLogin().execute();
break;
case R.id.register:
Intent i = new Intent(this, SignUpActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
class AttemptLogin extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
pDialog = new ProgressDialog(LoginActivity.this);
pDialog.setMessage("Attempting login...");
pDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
pDialog.setCancelable(true);
pDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// Check for success tag
int success;
String username = user.getText().toString();
String password = pass.getText().toString();
try {
// Building Parameters
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", username));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", password));
Log.d("request!", "starting");
// getting product details by making HTTP request
JSONObject json = jsonParser.makeHttpRequest(LOGIN_URL, "POST",
params);
// check your log for json response
Log.d("Login attempt", json.toString());
// json success tag
success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS);
if (success == 1) {
Log.d("Login Successful!", json.toString());
// save user data
SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager
.getDefaultSharedPreferences(LoginActivity.this);
Editor edit = sp.edit();
edit.putString("username", username);
edit.commit();
Intent i = new Intent(LoginActivity.this, StateActivity.class);
finish();
startActivity(i);
return json.getString(TAG_MESSAGE);
} else {
Log.d("Login Failure!", json.getString(TAG_MESSAGE));
return json.getString(TAG_MESSAGE);
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
protected void onPostExecute(String file_url) {
// dismiss the dialog once product deleted
pDialog.dismiss();
if (file_url != null) {
Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, file_url, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
}
A:
Firstly this does not look like the right place to be doing this as I would imagine there would be some kind of callback in your code that is called when the user has been successfully authenticated? (I cannot see this from the code you have posted).
However... when you reach the point where you know the user has been authenticated successfully you can pass their username to the activity you want to say hello to them on using a number of methods...
Use a bundle on the Intent
Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
Bundle extras = mIntent.getExtras();
extras.putString("username", value);
Use PutExtra on the Intent
Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
mIntent.putExtra("username", value);
Create a new Intent
Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Example.class);
Bundle mBundle = new Bundle();
mBundle.putString("username", value);
mIntent.putExtras(mBundle);
Then in the activity you would do this to retrieve the username again...
String username = getIntent().getExtras().getString("username");
Hope that helps.
| 2023-09-05T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5564 |
Bargain Static Caravans
24th October 2017 | by North Wales Caravans
North Wales Caravans has a huge selection of bargain Static Caravans that range from £8,995 all the way to £78,995. Our caravans are a mix of both pre-owned and used, but they are carefully inspected and maintained before being put up for sale.
If you’re looking to purchase a static caravan within the next year, then there are a couple of considerations to keep in mind. For instance, is it situated in the right spot? Does it have all the local amenities you need? These are the types of questions you need to ask yourself before even thinking about buying a caravan. To help determine the right holiday home for you and your family, we’ve rounded up a few caravans that we think would be fantastic to own.
A few Bargain Static Caravans
Classique Tamar (2006)
This is an ideal starter caravan that is low in price at just £9,995, down from £11,995. It’s a used caravan with 3 bedrooms, meaning it can sleep up to 7 people comfortably. The caravan is sized at 32 x 12 which is generous for 3 bedrooms. There’ a full-sized kitchen and a full seating area that is great for entertaining guests. The master bedroom has one double-sized bed, the second bedroom has two single beds, and the last bedroom contains one single bed.
Delta Nordstar (2006)
Need a caravan with a lot of space? Then look no further than the Delta Nordstar. It was created in 2006 and can accommodate up to 6 people by using 2 bedrooms. At a modest £17,000, it’s certainly not the most expensive caravan in our range but it’s a great balance between value and luxury, making it fantastic deal that you don’t want to miss.
Willerby Herald (2010)
At just £12,995, this spacious 35 x 10 caravan can sleep up to 8 people and contains 3 separate bedrooms. The Willerby Herald used to cost £17,500 but has since drastically been reduced. This is a used caravan that has is ideal for families that are new to caravan ownership. The master bedroom contains a double bed, while the two other bedrooms both contain two single beds.
Abi Vista (2011)
The Abi Vista is a modern 2011 design that is perfect for first-time buyers. At 36 xs 10, the Abi Vista contains 3 bedrooms that can sleep up to 8 people. Although the layout is similar to most other caravans, the Abi Vista is unique because of the flooring which gives it a sleek modern look that is different to most other caravans in its price range. Currently, the Abi Vista is used and sits at £14,995.
Abi Westwood (2011)
The Abi Westwood is a spacious unit that is a huge step up from others in its price range and year. Despite being developed in 2011, the Abi Westwood has a full-sized bath and other extras that make it feel more like a luxury home than a caravan. There are 3 bedrooms, meaning it can sleep up to 8 people. The size is generous at 42 x 13, and it comes with many modern features that you simply won’t find in older models at this price point. There is central heating, double glazing, a washing machine, dishwasher, a full bath and a large living room that looks stunning.
Willerby Meridian Lodge (2014)
At £59,995, the Willerby Meridian Lodge is a large, spacious double-glazed unit with central heating and a full-sized bath and shower. There are integrated cooking appliances such as a stove, microwave and a fridge/freezer. The spacious 42 x 13 unit only has two bedrooms and can sleep up to 6 people. However, the bedrooms are more spacious and there is extra space for privacy, storage and comfort. Unlike many other units, the Willerby Meridian Lodge comes with a full-sized bathroom for the ultimate in luxury. Although it offers less sleeping space, this is one of the more spacious units that oozes with style and class.
Willerby Skyline (2016)
Developed in 2016, the Willerby Skyline is a top-of-the-range luxury unit with full double-glazed windows and central heating. However, it has a modest price tag of just £53,000 despite being new, which is affordable considering the luxuries that you will be getting. Like many other modern units, the Willerby Skyline can only sleep up to 6 people, which is 2 less than even cheap caravan units. However, the tradeoff means that you can feel more comfortable and there is more space despite it being just 38 x 12. The master bedroom is spacious and has a much larger double bed, and the second bedroom has two single beds. The shower room is larger, making it more comfortable to keep clean and the entire aesthetic of the unit is a lot more modern, stylish and clean.
Willerby Peppy 2 (2017)
The Willerby Peppy 2 is the cheapest of our new units at £39,995. The Willerby Peppy 2 is one of the cheaper options that can fit more people. With 3 bedrooms, it can house up to 8 people and is 35 x 12 in size. The living room doesn’t have much space, but it makes up for the lack of space by having plenty of seating available. Unlike other cheaper models, the Willerby Peppy 2 comes with double glazing and central heating, making it great for the colder months.
Willerby Clearwater (2017)
We had to include one of the most expensive units in our range. The Willerby Clearwater was developed in 2017, making it one of the newest additions to our collection. Again, it follows the trend of modern caravan designs by only having two bedrooms that can sleep up to 6. It’s 40 x 20, making it quite spacious. But unlike the other units in our range, the Willerby Clearwater is worlds apart in terms of luxury. It comes with decking, private parking space, and many more amenities that you simply won’t find in cheaper units. There’s a full-sized bed in the master bedroom, and the secondary bedroom has two full-sized single beds with ample space. The kitchen comes with a dishwasher, washing machine and a full range, and the living room is spacious and feels like something you would find in a city apartment.
Please visit again to see our latest list of bargain static caravans for sale or see the current stock available here. | 2023-08-31T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9776 |
Hi,
I have to implement a scenario where on click on any container shape it will highlight any connection associated with it.Thus I used selection Listener inside the Editor class.But In editor class I don't get the editing domain.Thus the command stack is also not available so I cant make changes to on any graphiti model.Thus I tried implementing the functionality in a feature class by extending AbstractCustomFeature.But I have to instantiate the feature class explicitly and the editor also becomes dirty when any changes happen.So I have to handle the dirty thing explicitly.Can any one suggest any other way to do solve this problem.If you need I can also provide the code I have used
But in my case as I am calling the feature explicitly this method is not called automatically and my editor becomes dirty.So I uses the above part of code in order to clear the dirtiness.But this process makes the editor dirty for fraction of second.
You can use the method getEditingDomain defined in DiagramEditorInternal to
get the TransactionalEditingDomain of the Editor. But any change you do
there will automatically make the editor dirty. After execution you might
reset that by removing the corresponding EMF operation from the command
stack (see GFCommandStack line 177 and following, there Graphiti does the
same for evaluating the hasDoneChanges feature method).
Just as a warning: this is tricky and not really supported in Graphiti now.
But this is a resonable request; would you please open an enhancement
Bugzilla for to request this?
Hi,
I have to implement a scenario where on click on any container shape it
will highlight any connection associated with it.Thus I used selection
Listener inside the Editor class.But In editor class I don't get the editing
domain.Thus the command stack is also not available so I cant make changes
to on any graphiti model.Thus I tried implementing the functionality in a
feature class by extending AbstractCustomFeature.But I have to instantiate
the feature class explicitly and the editor also becomes dirty when any
changes happen.So I have to handle the dirty thing explicitly.Can any one
suggest any other way to do solve this problem.If you need I can also
provide the code I have used | 2024-05-11T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7257 |
https://sabr.org/sites/default/files/DawsonAndre-1990.jpg 600 800 sabr /wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo.png sabr 2020-04-19 16:08:34 2020-06-22 17:01:36 May 22, 1990: Andre Dawson sets record with five intentional walks in Cubs’ 16-inning win | 2023-11-04T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5278 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
/**
* OpenSSL socket implementation, in large parts ported from C++.
*/
module thrift.transport.ssl;
import core.exception : onOutOfMemoryError;
import core.stdc.errno : errno, EINTR;
import core.sync.mutex : Mutex;
import core.memory : GC;
import core.stdc.config;
import core.stdc.stdlib : free, malloc;
import std.ascii : toUpper;
import std.array : empty, front, popFront;
import std.conv : emplace, to;
import std.exception : enforce;
import std.socket : Address, InternetAddress, Internet6Address, Socket;
import std.string : toStringz;
import deimos.openssl.err;
import deimos.openssl.rand;
import deimos.openssl.ssl;
import deimos.openssl.x509v3;
import thrift.base;
import thrift.internal.ssl;
import thrift.transport.base;
import thrift.transport.socket;
/**
* SSL encrypted socket implementation using OpenSSL.
*
* Note:
* On Posix systems which do not have the BSD-specific SO_NOSIGPIPE flag, you
* might want to ignore the SIGPIPE signal, as OpenSSL might try to write to
* a closed socket if the peer disconnects abruptly:
* ---
* import core.stdc.signal;
* import core.sys.posix.signal;
* signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
* ---
*/
final class TSSLSocket : TSocket {
/**
* Creates an instance that wraps an already created, connected (!) socket.
*
* Params:
* context = The SSL socket context to use. A reference to it is stored so
* that it doesn't get cleaned up while the socket is used.
* socket = Already created, connected socket object.
*/
this(TSSLContext context, Socket socket) {
super(socket);
context_ = context;
serverSide_ = context.serverSide;
accessManager_ = context.accessManager;
}
/**
* Creates a new unconnected socket that will connect to the given host
* on the given port.
*
* Params:
* context = The SSL socket context to use. A reference to it is stored so
* that it doesn't get cleaned up while the socket is used.
* host = Remote host.
* port = Remote port.
*/
this(TSSLContext context, string host, ushort port) {
super(host, port);
context_ = context;
serverSide_ = context.serverSide;
accessManager_ = context.accessManager;
}
override bool isOpen() @property {
if (ssl_ is null || !super.isOpen()) return false;
auto shutdown = SSL_get_shutdown(ssl_);
bool shutdownReceived = (shutdown & SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN) != 0;
bool shutdownSent = (shutdown & SSL_SENT_SHUTDOWN) != 0;
return !(shutdownReceived && shutdownSent);
}
override bool peek() {
if (!isOpen) return false;
checkHandshake();
byte bt;
auto rc = SSL_peek(ssl_, &bt, bt.sizeof);
enforce(rc >= 0, getSSLException("SSL_peek"));
if (rc == 0) {
ERR_clear_error();
}
return (rc > 0);
}
override void open() {
enforce(!serverSide_, "Cannot open a server-side SSL socket.");
if (isOpen) return;
super.open();
}
override void close() {
if (!isOpen) return;
if (ssl_ !is null) {
// Two-step SSL shutdown.
auto rc = SSL_shutdown(ssl_);
if (rc == 0) {
rc = SSL_shutdown(ssl_);
}
if (rc < 0) {
// Do not throw an exception here as leaving the transport "open" will
// probably produce only more errors, and the chance we can do
// something about the error e.g. by retrying is very low.
logError("Error shutting down SSL: %s", getSSLException());
}
SSL_free(ssl_);
ssl_ = null;
ERR_remove_state(0);
}
super.close();
}
override size_t read(ubyte[] buf) {
checkHandshake();
int bytes;
foreach (_; 0 .. maxRecvRetries) {
bytes = SSL_read(ssl_, buf.ptr, cast(int)buf.length);
if (bytes >= 0) break;
auto errnoCopy = errno;
if (SSL_get_error(ssl_, bytes) == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL) {
if (ERR_get_error() == 0 && errnoCopy == EINTR) {
// FIXME: Windows.
continue;
}
}
throw getSSLException("SSL_read");
}
return bytes;
}
override void write(in ubyte[] buf) {
checkHandshake();
// Loop in case SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE is set in SSL_CTX.
size_t written = 0;
while (written < buf.length) {
auto bytes = SSL_write(ssl_, buf.ptr + written,
cast(int)(buf.length - written));
if (bytes <= 0) {
throw getSSLException("SSL_write");
}
written += bytes;
}
}
override void flush() {
checkHandshake();
auto bio = SSL_get_wbio(ssl_);
enforce(bio !is null, new TSSLException("SSL_get_wbio returned null"));
auto rc = BIO_flush(bio);
enforce(rc == 1, getSSLException("BIO_flush"));
}
/**
* Whether to use client or server side SSL handshake protocol.
*/
bool serverSide() @property const {
return serverSide_;
}
/// Ditto
void serverSide(bool value) @property {
serverSide_ = value;
}
/**
* The access manager to use.
*/
void accessManager(TAccessManager value) @property {
accessManager_ = value;
}
private:
void checkHandshake() {
enforce(super.isOpen(), new TTransportException(
TTransportException.Type.NOT_OPEN));
if (ssl_ !is null) return;
ssl_ = context_.createSSL();
SSL_set_fd(ssl_, cast(int)socketHandle);
int rc;
if (serverSide_) {
rc = SSL_accept(ssl_);
} else {
rc = SSL_connect(ssl_);
}
enforce(rc > 0, getSSLException());
authorize(ssl_, accessManager_, getPeerAddress(),
(serverSide_ ? getPeerAddress().toHostNameString() : host));
}
bool serverSide_;
SSL* ssl_;
TSSLContext context_;
TAccessManager accessManager_;
}
/**
* Represents an OpenSSL context with certification settings, etc. and handles
* initialization/teardown.
*
* OpenSSL is initialized when the first instance of this class is created
* and shut down when the last one is destroyed (thread-safe).
*/
class TSSLContext {
this() {
initMutex_.lock();
scope(exit) initMutex_.unlock();
if (count_ == 0) {
initializeOpenSSL();
randomize();
}
count_++;
static if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x1010000f) { // OPENSSL_VERSION_AT_LEAST(1, 1)) {
ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
} else {
ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);
}
SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3); // THRIFT-3164
enforce(ctx_, getSSLException("SSL_CTX_new"));
SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx_, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);
}
~this() {
initMutex_.lock();
scope(exit) initMutex_.unlock();
if (ctx_ !is null) {
SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
ctx_ = null;
}
count_--;
if (count_ == 0) {
cleanupOpenSSL();
}
}
/**
* Ciphers to be used in SSL handshake process.
*
* The string must be in the colon-delimited OpenSSL notation described in
* ciphers(1), for example: "ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH".
*/
void ciphers(string enable) @property {
auto rc = SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx_, toStringz(enable));
enforce(ERR_peek_error() == 0, getSSLException("SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list"));
enforce(rc > 0, new TSSLException("None of specified ciphers are supported"));
}
/**
* Whether peer is required to present a valid certificate.
*/
void authenticate(bool required) @property {
int mode;
if (required) {
mode = SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT |
SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE;
} else {
mode = SSL_VERIFY_NONE;
}
SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx_, mode, null);
}
/**
* Load server certificate.
*
* Params:
* path = Path to the certificate file.
* format = Certificate file format. Defaults to PEM, which is currently
* the only one supported.
*/
void loadCertificate(string path, string format = "PEM") {
enforce(path !is null && format !is null, new TTransportException(
"loadCertificateChain: either <path> or <format> is null",
TTransportException.Type.BAD_ARGS));
if (format == "PEM") {
enforce(SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx_, toStringz(path)),
getSSLException(
`Could not load SSL server certificate from file "` ~ path ~ `"`
)
);
} else {
throw new TSSLException("Unsupported certificate format: " ~ format);
}
}
/*
* Load private key.
*
* Params:
* path = Path to the certificate file.
* format = Private key file format. Defaults to PEM, which is currently
* the only one supported.
*/
void loadPrivateKey(string path, string format = "PEM") {
enforce(path !is null && format !is null, new TTransportException(
"loadPrivateKey: either <path> or <format> is NULL",
TTransportException.Type.BAD_ARGS));
if (format == "PEM") {
enforce(SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, toStringz(path), SSL_FILETYPE_PEM),
getSSLException(
`Could not load SSL private key from file "` ~ path ~ `"`
)
);
} else {
throw new TSSLException("Unsupported certificate format: " ~ format);
}
}
/**
* Load trusted certificates from specified file (in PEM format).
*
* Params.
* path = Path to the file containing the trusted certificates.
*/
void loadTrustedCertificates(string path) {
enforce(path !is null, new TTransportException(
"loadTrustedCertificates: <path> is NULL",
TTransportException.Type.BAD_ARGS));
enforce(SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx_, toStringz(path), null),
getSSLException(
`Could not load SSL trusted certificate list from file "` ~ path ~ `"`
)
);
}
/**
* Called during OpenSSL initialization to seed the OpenSSL entropy pool.
*
* Defaults to simply calling RAND_poll(), but it can be overwritten if a
* different, perhaps more secure implementation is desired.
*/
void randomize() {
RAND_poll();
}
/**
* Whether to use client or server side SSL handshake protocol.
*/
bool serverSide() @property const {
return serverSide_;
}
/// Ditto
void serverSide(bool value) @property {
serverSide_ = value;
}
/**
* The access manager to use.
*/
TAccessManager accessManager() @property {
if (!serverSide_ && !accessManager_) {
accessManager_ = new TDefaultClientAccessManager;
}
return accessManager_;
}
/// Ditto
void accessManager(TAccessManager value) @property {
accessManager_ = value;
}
SSL* createSSL() out (result) {
assert(result);
} body {
auto result = SSL_new(ctx_);
enforce(result, getSSLException("SSL_new"));
return result;
}
protected:
/**
* Override this method for custom password callback. It may be called
* multiple times at any time during a session as necessary.
*
* Params:
* size = Maximum length of password, including null byte.
*/
string getPassword(int size) nothrow out(result) {
assert(result.length < size);
} body {
return "";
}
/**
* Notifies OpenSSL to use getPassword() instead of the default password
* callback with getPassword().
*/
void overrideDefaultPasswordCallback() {
SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ctx_, &passwordCallback);
SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(ctx_, cast(void*)this);
}
SSL_CTX* ctx_;
private:
bool serverSide_;
TAccessManager accessManager_;
shared static this() {
initMutex_ = new Mutex();
}
static void initializeOpenSSL() {
if (initialized_) {
return;
}
initialized_ = true;
static if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010000f) { // OPENSSL_VERSION_BEFORE(1, 1)) {
SSL_library_init();
SSL_load_error_strings();
mutexes_ = new Mutex[CRYPTO_num_locks()];
foreach (ref m; mutexes_) {
m = new Mutex;
}
import thrift.internal.traits;
// As per the OpenSSL threads manpage, this isn't needed on Windows.
version (Posix) {
CRYPTO_set_id_callback(assumeNothrow(&threadIdCallback));
}
CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(assumeNothrow(&lockingCallback));
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_create_callback(assumeNothrow(&dynlockCreateCallback));
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_lock_callback(assumeNothrow(&dynlockLockCallback));
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_destroy_callback(assumeNothrow(&dynlockDestroyCallback));
}
}
static void cleanupOpenSSL() {
if (!initialized_) return;
initialized_ = false;
static if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010000f) { // OPENSSL_VERSION_BEFORE(1, 1)) {
CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(null);
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_create_callback(null);
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_lock_callback(null);
CRYPTO_set_dynlock_destroy_callback(null);
CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();
ERR_free_strings();
ERR_remove_state(0);
}
}
static extern(C) {
version (Posix) {
import core.sys.posix.pthread : pthread_self;
c_ulong threadIdCallback() {
return cast(c_ulong)pthread_self();
}
}
void lockingCallback(int mode, int n, const(char)* file, int line) {
if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
mutexes_[n].lock();
} else {
mutexes_[n].unlock();
}
}
CRYPTO_dynlock_value* dynlockCreateCallback(const(char)* file, int line) {
enum size = __traits(classInstanceSize, Mutex);
auto mem = malloc(size)[0 .. size];
if (!mem) onOutOfMemoryError();
GC.addRange(mem.ptr, size);
auto mutex = emplace!Mutex(mem);
return cast(CRYPTO_dynlock_value*)mutex;
}
void dynlockLockCallback(int mode, CRYPTO_dynlock_value* l,
const(char)* file, int line)
{
if (l is null) return;
if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
(cast(Mutex)l).lock();
} else {
(cast(Mutex)l).unlock();
}
}
void dynlockDestroyCallback(CRYPTO_dynlock_value* l,
const(char)* file, int line)
{
GC.removeRange(l);
destroy(cast(Mutex)l);
free(l);
}
int passwordCallback(char* password, int size, int, void* data) nothrow {
auto context = cast(TSSLContext) data;
auto userPassword = context.getPassword(size);
auto len = userPassword.length;
if (len > size) {
len = size;
}
password[0 .. len] = userPassword[0 .. len]; // TODO: \0 handling correct?
return cast(int)len;
}
}
static __gshared bool initialized_;
static __gshared Mutex initMutex_;
static __gshared Mutex[] mutexes_;
static __gshared uint count_;
}
/**
* Decides whether a remote host is legitimate or not.
*
* It is usually set at a TSSLContext, which then passes it to all the created
* TSSLSockets.
*/
class TAccessManager {
///
enum Decision {
DENY = -1, /// Deny access.
SKIP = 0, /// Cannot decide, move on to next check (deny if last).
ALLOW = 1 /// Allow access.
}
/**
* Determines whether a peer should be granted access or not based on its
* IP address.
*
* Called once after SSL handshake is completes successfully and before peer
* certificate is examined.
*
* If a valid decision (ALLOW or DENY) is returned, the peer certificate
* will not be verified.
*/
Decision verify(Address address) {
return Decision.DENY;
}
/**
* Determines whether a peer should be granted access or not based on a
* name from its certificate.
*
* Called every time a DNS subjectAltName/common name is extracted from the
* peer's certificate.
*
* Params:
* host = The actual host name string from the socket connection.
* certHost = A host name string from the certificate.
*/
Decision verify(string host, const(char)[] certHost) {
return Decision.DENY;
}
/**
* Determines whether a peer should be granted access or not based on an IP
* address from its certificate.
*
* Called every time an IP subjectAltName is extracted from the peer's
* certificate.
*
* Params:
* address = The actual address from the socket connection.
* certHost = A host name string from the certificate.
*/
Decision verify(Address address, ubyte[] certAddress) {
return Decision.DENY;
}
}
/**
* Default access manager implementation, which just checks the host name
* resp. IP address of the connection against the certificate.
*/
class TDefaultClientAccessManager : TAccessManager {
override Decision verify(Address address) {
return Decision.SKIP;
}
override Decision verify(string host, const(char)[] certHost) {
if (host.empty || certHost.empty) {
return Decision.SKIP;
}
return (matchName(host, certHost) ? Decision.ALLOW : Decision.SKIP);
}
override Decision verify(Address address, ubyte[] certAddress) {
bool match;
if (certAddress.length == 4) {
if (auto ia = cast(InternetAddress)address) {
match = ((cast(ubyte*)ia.addr())[0 .. 4] == certAddress[]);
}
} else if (certAddress.length == 16) {
if (auto ia = cast(Internet6Address)address) {
match = (ia.addr() == certAddress[]);
}
}
return (match ? Decision.ALLOW : Decision.SKIP);
}
}
private {
/**
* Matches a name with a pattern. The pattern may include wildcard. A single
* wildcard "*" can match up to one component in the domain name.
*
* Params:
* host = Host name to match, typically the SSL remote peer.
* pattern = Host name pattern, typically from the SSL certificate.
*
* Returns: true if host matches pattern, false otherwise.
*/
bool matchName(const(char)[] host, const(char)[] pattern) {
while (!host.empty && !pattern.empty) {
if (toUpper(pattern.front) == toUpper(host.front)) {
host.popFront;
pattern.popFront;
} else if (pattern.front == '*') {
while (!host.empty && host.front != '.') {
host.popFront;
}
pattern.popFront;
} else {
break;
}
}
return (host.empty && pattern.empty);
}
unittest {
enforce(matchName("thrift.apache.org", "*.apache.org"));
enforce(!matchName("thrift.apache.org", "apache.org"));
enforce(matchName("thrift.apache.org", "thrift.*.*"));
enforce(matchName("", ""));
enforce(!matchName("", "*"));
}
}
/**
* SSL-level exception.
*/
class TSSLException : TTransportException {
///
this(string msg, string file = __FILE__, size_t line = __LINE__,
Throwable next = null)
{
super(msg, TTransportException.Type.INTERNAL_ERROR, file, line, next);
}
}
| 2024-06-18T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3621 |
Can we all agree that sheet pan dinners are the way to go? This chicken fajita version will make all your Mexican restaurant dreams come true.
And of course – it’s all Paleo – so it’s even better than going to the Mexican restaurant because you can avoid the chips, queso, and tortillas completely.
I’ll be honest with you, tortilla chips are so hard for me to say “no” to when they’re in front of me. I love them that much. So if I do find myself at that type of restaurant, I usually just go ahead and tell the waiter not to bring any to my table (if that’s cool with whoever I’m eating with…if not, I just practice self-restraint. It’s hard but you can do it!)
But back to our fajitas – these probably couldn’t be easier. All you have to do is cut your meat up into thin even strips. Cut your veggies up the same way. Throw it all on a pan with some spices and cook for about 15 minutes (or until your meat is done – this time may vary depending upon how hot your oven gets.)
Once all your goodies are nice and roasted, throw those babies in crisp lettuce leaves and top with your favorite toppings. I’d recommend guacamole but you do you.
Print Sheet Pan Chicken Fajitas Total Time 45 minutes Servings 4 Ingredients 1.5 pound chicken breast cut into strips
3 bell peppers any color, cut into strips
1 red onion sliced
1 cup sliced mushrooms
1 tsp chili powder
.5 tsp cumin
.5 tsp garlic powder
.5 tsp onion powder
.5 tsp dried oregano
.5 tsp sea salt
.5 cup finely chopped cilantro
juice of 1 lime
large, crisp lettuce leaves
guacamole and salsa for serving Instructions Preheat oven to 450 degrees F. Toss the meat, peppers, onions, and mushrooms with the seasonings. Roast for 10-15 minutes until chicken is done and veggies are browned. Remove from oven, sprinkle with cilantro and lime juice. Serve in the lettuce leaves topped with your desired toppings.
Download Your FREE Paleo Starter Kit Today! 3-Day Paleo Diet Meal Plan
Comprehensive Paleo Diet Shopping List
5 of Our Favorite Paleo Diet Recipes Check your email to download the free resources.
VN:F [1.9.22_1171]
please wait... Rating: 0.0/10 (0 votes cast) | 2023-10-24T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1033 |
Q:
How can I remove bar boarders in geom_histogram using the pdf device
I only have the problem when I try to make a pdf! Not on the default device or with png!
library(ggplot2)
theme_set(theme_bw())
data(iris)
pdf("test.pdf")
ggplot(iris,aes(x=Sepal.Length)) + geom_histogram()
dev.off()
What I want is what I get if I set the border color equal to the fill color.
pdf("test2.pdf")
ggplot(iris,aes(x=Sepal.Length)) + geom_histogram(color='grey35')
dev.off()
Of course that solution won't generalize if I change color themes, or use the fill aesthetic.
A:
Here's a function that makes the border colour the same as the fill colour. It's not ideal, but it seems to work.
# Load package
library(ggplot2)
# Load data
data(iris)
# Define gap filler function
gap_filler <- function(g){
# Get ggplot object
p <- ggplot_build(g)
# Fix colour to match fill
p$data[[1]]$colour <- p$data[[1]]$fill
# Return
grid::grid.draw(ggplot_gtable(p))
}
# Open PDF device
pdf("test.pdf")
# Create plot
g <- ggplot(iris,aes(x=Sepal.Length)) + geom_histogram()
g <- g + theme_bw()
# Fill gaps & plot
gap_filler(g)
#> `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
# Close device
dev.off()
#> png
#> 2
Created on 2019-06-25 by the reprex package (v0.2.1.9000)
And the PDF looks like this:
| 2023-10-23T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5378 |
Q:
Django 1.7 'AnonymousUser' object has no attribute 'backend'
I'm new in Django. I tried to create an auto-login after registration users. But I got fail.
I created a custom auth backend for username and password asuthentification.
class EmailBackend(object):
def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None):
user_cls = get_user_model()
try:
user = user_cls.objects.get(email=username)
if user.check_password(password):
return user
except user_cls.DoesNotExist:
return None
def get_user(self, user_id):
user_cls = get_user_model()
try:
return user_cls.objects.get(pk=user_id)
except user_cls.DoesNotExist:
return None
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
'user.back_auth.EmailBackend',
'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)
I try to make autologin after registration for users:
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
user_form = UserForm(request.POST)
if user_form.is_valid():
user = user_form.save()
messages.info(request, "Thanks for registering. You are now logged in.")
user = authenticate(username=request.POST['username'],
password=request.POST['password'])
login(request, user)
return HttpResponseRedirect("/")
else:
user_form = UserForm()
return render(request,
'user/register.html',
{'user_form': user_form } )
But, I'm getting the next:
AttributeError at /user/register/
'AnonymousUser' object has no attribute 'backend'
A:
Your user creation method is wrong because I assume you are saving user in a plain text.
Two ways...
Method using set_password
Method using create_user
| 2024-01-15T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4749 |
Q:
Can I call a Javascript function from a coffeescript file?
I'm trying to call a javascript function from a Coffeescript file, for my $(document).ready() and it's never getting called.
The function I want to call comes from an external source that I have included in my html head element, just before the include of my coffeescript file, like this:
<script src="external.js"></script>
<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller], 'data-turbolinks-track' => true %>
and in my coffeescript file (called someControllerName.coffee) I do this:
ready = ->
... call my method
$ -> ready
Is this the correct way? I can see in Chrome that my script is compile to javascript, and I can see it in the Network tab of the inspector.
I'm using Rails 4, and this is my application.js
//= require jquery
//= require jquery.turbolinks
//= require jquery_ujs
//= require bootstrap
//= require turbolinks
//= require_tree .
edit:
If I replace my method call by alert("..."); it works, and if I call my javascript method using javascript in $(document).ready() it works fine.
edit2:
Here's my real javascript function:
var ready = function () {
$('pre code').each(function (i, e) {
hljs.highlightBlock(e)
});
};
$(document).ready(ready);
I solved the problem doing this:
highlight = ->
$("pre code").each (i, e) ->
hljs.highlightBlock(e)
$(document).on 'ready page:load', ->
highlight()
A:
This doesn't do what you think it does:
$ -> ready
In JavaScript that is:
$(function() {
return ready;
});
Your problem is that just ready is simply a reference to the function, it is not a function call like it would be in Ruby. You'd have to say ready() to call the function, the function calling parentheses are only optional when you're calling a function with arguments: f x and f(x) are the same but f and f() are different.
I think you want to say:
$ -> ready()
or even:
$ ready # same as $(ready)
| 2023-09-06T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7833 |
Attitudes and perceptions of Dutch veterinarians on their role in the reduction of antimicrobial use in farm animals.
Little is known about attitudes of veterinarians towards antibiotic use and reduction opportunities, and their interaction with farmers herein. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed and sent out to Dutch farm animal veterinarians. The response rate was 40%. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was conducted on statements measuring attitudes towards the use of antibiotics and reduction opportunities in farm animals, the veterinary pharmacy and the interaction of veterinarians with farmers in improving animal health. This resulted in 3 underlying dimensions. Additionally, possible explanatory variables (main farm animal species working with, years of experience in practice) were added to the CATPCA to identify differences between veterinarians. Veterinarians working with different animal species were comparable in their opinions towards the necessity to reduce veterinary antibiotic use and the current policy to halve veterinary antibiotic consumption. Veterinarians working with ruminants - "ruminant specialists" - and veterinarians working with several different animal species - "generalists" - reported to feel more uncertainty in acting independently from farmers' and significant others' (other advisors, colleagues) demands for antibiotics or opinions than veterinarians mainly working with intensively raised animals (pigs, poultry, veal calves) - "intensive specialists". Years of experience in practice was negatively related to feelings of uncertainty in acting independently. At the other hand, years of experience was associated with being less concerned about the possible contribution of veterinary antibiotic use to antimicrobial resistance, considering it more important to keep the right to prescribe and sell antibiotics, and being less hesitant to apply antibiotics to prevent (further dissemination of) animal diseases. Intensive specialists expected most from improving feed quality and benchmarking of antibiotic prescribing and use in reducing veterinary antibiotic use; ruminant specialists and generalists preferred improving housing and climate conditions and benchmarking. The by veterinarians perceived main reasons for farmers not to comply to veterinary advices to improve animal health were related to financial and time restrictions, although intensive specialists stressed the importance of conflicting advices from other advisors as a cause for non-compliance. The results showed that younger veterinarians might require additional support to act independently from farmers' and significant others'. Additionally, experienced veterinarians could be educated about possible risks related to veterinary overuse of antibiotics. Alternative approaches should be identified for veterinarians to preserve a decent income without pharmacy incomes. Especially in intensive farming, ways should be found to prevent contradictory advices as a barrier not to implement veterinary advices to improve animal health. | 2024-06-21T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1351 |
Pin 0 Shares
Many of us look forward to retirement, excited to live the life we have imagined, and ready to put down some of the burdens of work. (For some, a working retirement is actually preferred.) However, before you retire, it's important to plan ahead to make sure that you are ready when the time comes. Before you retire, here are 3 things that you should do:
1. Pay Off Your Consumer Debt
Consumer debt comes with high interest, and no tax deductions. Credit cards, car loans and other consumer loans drain away your wealth, and cause you to squander your money on interest payments. If you have consumer debt during retirement, it can be a really problem. Your cash flow is restricted by your obligations, and you might not actually be able to do the things you want to do.
I'd also consider making sure student loans are also paid off as part of this decision to pay off consumer debt before retirement. The fewer obligations you have, the better.
2. Pay Off Your Mortgage
Many of us are used to thinking of a mortgage as “good” debt. However, when you are retired, any obligation like that can be a real problem. Even with a tax deduction for your mortgage interest, having to make that regular payment can be a problem. Instead, you should try to pay off your mortgage before you retire. That will be one less expense for you during your retirement.
It is also worth it to consider selling your home altogether just before you retire. You should have plenty of equity built up, so when you sell, it can be fairly easy to turn that money around and buy a smaller house, or put the money in an interest bearing account or investment so that it provides you with a steady stream of income that can be used to pay rent on a smaller place. Some people find that downsizing can be attractive when they retire. Others don't want to have to worry about maintaining a home as they age, and prefer to move into a rental or some other facility where they don't have to worry about upkeep and maintenance. Consider your options, and what is likely to best suit you.
3. Have an Idea of What You Want to Do
You should also consider what you want to do well before you retire. Think about whether you want to pursue a hobby, travel, volunteer — or combine all three. Think about what would help you feel good about your retirement, and your life. Having a plan can help you figure out what you need to do in terms of saving money in a retirement account. You can start planning your transition into your retirement lifestyle ahead of time, so that the change is smoother. Someone planning to do a great deal of volunteer work and visit children and grandchildren will plan differently from someone who plans to play a lot of golf and travel. Know what you will want to do, and plan for it, and you will be more likely to have the retirement you want.
Pin 0 Shares
| 2023-11-01T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9730 |
Neuraxial hematoma after epidural anesthesia. Is it possible to prevent or detect it? Report of two cases.
Spinal hematomas are rare and they affect the central nervous system. They can cause permanent neurologic sequelae and death if they are not treated properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are fundamental for a good neurologic prognostic. The objective of this report was to emphasize for anesthesiologists the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of spinal hematomas, besides improving their prevention. Case 1: The patient underwent epidural lumbar anesthesia for femoropopliteal revascularization. He was being treated with acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin, which were discontinued before the surgery. The patient developed paraplegia in the immediate postoperative period. Neurosurgical decompression was performed after the diagnosis, but without recovery in the long run. Case 2: The patient underwent epidural lumbar anesthesia for right knee osteotomy, without intercurrences. The patient remained without neurological complaints until approximately 48 hours after the surgery when he developed urinary retention, pain in the right lower limb, paresthesias, and difficulty moving both feet. The MRI showed an epidural lumbar hematoma, and the patient underwent immediate surgical decompression. He showed complete neurological recovery after 10 months of rehabilitation. The clinical cases presented here showed different outcomes, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for a good evolution. Diagnosis by MRI with early decompression shortly after the development of the first clinical manifestations remains the standard treatment. Identification of patients at risk for neuraxial bleeding and change in anesthetic technique, as well as the establishment of postoperative neurologic evaluation protocols in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia can contribute for prevention of severe neurologic sequelae. | 2024-05-22T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8906 |
Santanu meets Satyavati
Summary
The third episode of Mahabharata describes how Santanu met the lady named Satyavati. Her occupation was plying boats across river Yamuna. She belonged to a fishermen-tribe and was the daughter of the fishermen chief. Santanu asked the chief to let him marry Satyavati. The chief agrees to the alliance on certain conditions. He wanted Satyavati's sons to be the next king of Hastinapura. Santanu was deeply pained by this demand since he wanted Devavrata, his beloved son by his first wife Ganga, to be the next king. Devavrata solves this deadlock by renouncing kingdom and promising to remain celibate. This was acceptable to Satyavati's father and he agreed to bestow her daughter to Santanu. Due to the terrible pledge of Devavrata by which he renounced both his right to the throne and his right for a married life, he was later known as Bhishma (the terrible).
References in Mahabharata Wiki
Video
Research and Analysis
Who was Satyavati?
Satyavati is mentioned in Mahabharata as belonging to the fishermen tribe. Ancient scriptures including Mahabharata mention this tribe as the Matsyas. Matsya means fish in Sanskrit language. The Matsya tribe was a very ancient tribe, more antique than the Kurus, the Bharatas and the Purus. Some of the Matsya branches were royal lineages. One of the sons of king Uparichara Vasu belonging to the Puru clan is mentioned as the originator of the Matsya royal lineage. Considering Satyavati to be belonging to the lineage of Vasu (Kshatriya man) and Matsya (Sudra woman), she can be termed as an Ugra as per the Mahabharata (Mbh.13.48) terminology. However another passage in Mbh.13.48 mentions fishing as an occupation of the Nishadas. This could mean that Satyavati belonged to the Nishada tribe. Since she is mentioned as plying boat, she can as well belong to a special sub-sect of Nishadas called Dasas (Mbh 13.48). Satyavati's father was referred as Dasa-Raja, meaning the king of the Dasas, confirming this assumption. Definition of Nishada however is that they were the children of union of a Kshatriya women and a Sudra man. In any case, she had the genes of both the Kshatriyas and the Sudras.
Myth-makers explains the birth of Satyavati through an unbelievable myth which can be found in Mbh.1.63. Vasu was a king in the race of Puru. He invaded the Chedi kingdom and became later well known as the king of Chedi. He had a beautiful wife named Girika. (The myth of the birth of Girika is even strange. Read it in the article on Uparichara Vasu.) One day he left his wife unwillingly and went to forest for hunting. In the forest, while thinking about his wife, his vital seed dropped. He asked a hawk to carry it and give it to his wife. While the hawk was carrying it, another hawk attacked it and the semen fell into a river, which was then swallowed by a fish by the name Adrika. After ten months when the fishermen caught the fish and killed it, they saw two babies, male and female inside the fish. They gave the babies rightfully to their king Vasu himself! The male child became the famous Matsya king. The female child was none other than Satyavati! As for their fish-mother Adrika, she was an Apsara, who was cursed to become a fish by a Brahmana and she became freed of curse as she delivered the babies and got killed by the fishermen!
This was the strangest myths I could find in Mahabharata. It reveals how imaginative these people were and how they entwine ignorance and imagination into such deadly cocktail. At least some of the ancient people believed that babies are born with the sole contribution from men. They considered women as mere vessels to carry the babies of men. It was unknown to them that to develop an embryo contribution from both man and woman are needed. A fish after swallowing semen delivering babies! Below is a plausible reconstruction of what might have happened. Adrika was a maiden belonging to the Matsya (fishermen) tribe and Vasu beget two children in her, probably when he was away from his wife Girika. Adrika was described as an Apsara, due to her beauty. Apsaras were mentioned as extremely beautiful. The word 'Apsara' can be divided into 'Apa' (water) and Sara (lakes). They were often described as women seen in the vicinity of water-bodies like lakes and rivers. A Matsya lady (fisher-women) too lives close to water-bodies like seas, lakes and rivers. There are also myths about fairies called Matsya-Kanyakas (fish-women) who were half fish and half women. Such tales were also similar to the tales of Apsaras. Thus Matsya Kanyakas and Apsaras seems to be same. Both these terms later assumed the meaning of fairies living close to water bodies, and Apsaras in particular was formerly their tribal name. Fisher-women were the Apsaras and the Apsaras were the fisher-women.
Adrika probably died while delivering the twin babies. Death of women after delivering babies, especially twins, were quite common in those days. The fishermen after learning about the affair between Adrika and the king might have taken the babies to the palace. King after knowing that he was the father of the twins could have raised them in his palace. The male among them later became the famous Matsya king. It is probable that this Matsya king was the forefather of king Virata. Similarly the female among them was probably the ancestor of Satyavati whom king Santanu wished to marry. The territory of the Matsya chief, who was the father of Satyavati was on the banks of river Yamuna where as the territory of king Virata was south-west to Yamuna in Rajastan comprising the districts of Alwar and Bharatpur.
Satyavati's affair with Parasara
Before meeting Santanu, Satyavati had met sage Parasara belonging to the lineage of Vasistha. The son born of Satyavati and Parasara was none other than Vyasa. In (Mbh.13.48 (Ganguli's translation) where it describes the mixed castes, there is a reference that says:- "The son that is begotten by a Brahmana upon a Sudra wife is called Parasara", which I guess is a translation error. Instead of "Parasara" it could be "Parasava". Vyasa's father was a Parasara. There is also mention of a Parasara-race at Mbh.12.320 in Mahabharata. Here the Parasara's race is mentioned as a mendicant race. Vasistha's son was Saktri and his son was Parasara. Parasara's mother is mentioned as Adrisyanti. It is unknown if Adrisyanti was a Brahmana. Taking Saktri to a Brahmana and assuming his wife to be a Sudra, their son Parasara can then be technically called a 'Parasava'. There are Mahabharata versions which consider Parasara as a Matsya ruler (not a sage originally but who became an ascetic in his retirement days), making him a probable Kshatriya king or a Sudra chief connected with the Matsyas.
Another theory is that, during the periods when Mahabharata was being formed, the Bhargavas and the Angirasas were in ideological opposition. The Agastyas and the Vasisthas allied with the Bhargavas. Some consider them to be two were branches of the Bhargavas. The Gautamas and the Bharadwajas were again two branches of the Angirasas. The birth stories of many individuals belonging to the Angirasa tribe were distorted by the Bhargavas. Examples are Bharadwaja Drona's birth and and Gautama Kripa's birth. Drona is mentioned as being born of the semen of Bharadwaja fallen into a pot while Kripa was mentioned as born of the semen of Gautama-Saradwat fallen upon a dump of heath. Factual information that can be derived from all these is only this much:- Drona belongs to the Bharadwaja clan and Kripa belong to the Gautama clan. Everything else seems to be propaganda of the Bhargavas and the Vasisthas. To counter this the Angirasas made the birth of Vyasa belonging to the Vasistha lineage too, a not so great affair. While giving birth to Vyasa, Satyavati is mentioned as only a young girl and Parasara an aged sage and that their union happened while she was taking Parasara across river Yamuna as part of her job. Her job was to ply boats across the river taking travellers to and fro. But variations of this incident in different versions of Mahabharata says that Satyavati and Parasara were both young while giving birth to Vyasa and that Parasara lived in the palace of the Matsyas as her wedded husband. Parasara is mentioned as taking care of the affairs of the kingdom and Vyasa lived in the palace as a prince. It is only in the later stages that Parasara became an ascetic. Thus the popular story about the affair of Satyavati and Parasara and the birth of Vyasa had some elements of propaganda probably introduced by the Angirasas.
Popular version of Mahabharata too contains signs of warrior type qualities of Parasara. He revenged against the death of his father Saktri. He waged war (Rakshasa Satra) against the Kshatriyas like Kalmashapada of Ikshwaku race by terming those Kshatriyas as Rakshasas. However the Parasara who performed Rakshasa Satra and the Parasara who met Satyavati need not be the same Parasara. There is a possibility that the latter was a member in the lineage of the former.
Devavrata's pledge
In any case, Satyavati's father insisted that the son of Satyavati should be the future king of Hastinapura and not Ganga's son Devavrata. This gives yet another clue that Santanu's first wife Ganga and Satyavati were both women of equal social status. (Ganga wasn't the river-goddess Ganga). That is why there easily arose a dispute during Santanu's alliance with Satyavati, on who should be the next king among Ganga's son and the sons who will be born to Satyavati.
During the analysis of episode2 we saw that Gangadatta, Devavrata and Bhishma probably were different people belonging to the Gangeya tribe. One possibility is that Bhishma was the son of Devavrata alias Gangadatta. But in chapter 100 we saw that Devavrata promised that he will never marry and beget children. Did he break that promise? That is one possibility. Another possibility is that Devavrata never broke his promise. Bhishma was not his son but his kin. Here we can only speculate. Probably Gangadatta was Devavrata's elder brother, the seventh among the eight sons of Ganga and Bhishma was his son and this seventh son never died like Krishna's elder brother Balarama? Probably Bhishma was the son of Gangadatta, who was named "Bhishma" as that name became famous after Devavrata's terrible pledge of celibacy? Devavrata, since he chose not to marry and never beget children might have loved his brother Gangadatta's son as his own son and might have conferred his name "Bhishma" to this new child. Bhishma later might have adopted the mission of Devavrata (protecting the throne of Hastinapura) as his own mission and might have remained celibate like his foster-father Devavrata. It is then natural that the history of Gangadatta, Devavrata and Bhishma get fused into the story of a single person Bhishma. Such fusion of personalities is rampant in epics and the Puranas. A very good example is the history of Krishna. Some researchers are of the opinion that the Krishna lived in Vrindavana and Mathura was different from the Krishna lived in Dwaraka and that they were separated by many generations. | 2023-10-19T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8440 |
Drones Getting in the Way of Emergency Responders - shahryc
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/drones-emergency-responders-32983940
======
tired_man
Oh, for the love all that's holy.
Why does this raise so much excitement?
Add some jammers to the responder's equipment. RC control units are on
frequencies that don't conflict with radios used by anyone with any business
being there.
Drones tend to crash or land when they lose the control signal.
The politicians will push jammers as a solution after they've all milked it
for as much publicity as they can. They will, of course, shout and rant to
have the "pilots" found and arrested, event though that really isn't feasible.
But it has so much bullshit headline potential for trials/failures/etc., that
they won't be able to resist it. Elections are coming, remember.
So I predict that jamming will be pushed as the best solution towards the end
of the 2016 Bullshit Election cycle.
------
shahryc
This is in contrast to this article, that states, "Drones can help in two
ways: They can safely gather more information about fire conditions than is
currently available, and they can send that information to firefighters on the
ground quickly." \---
[http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/19/technology/innovation/fire-f...](http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/19/technology/innovation/fire-
fighting-drones/)
~~~
tired_man
Both articles are correct.
The helpful drones are operated by fire services, not by some nosy civilians
or news vultures.
That's why there was almost a mid-air event: Some idiot felt he was entitled
to ignore existing flight rules because he wasn't actually "in the cockpit"
and thought it would be cool to fly right in there to watch.
| 2023-08-22T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3677 |
Children with inborn errors of phenylalanine metabolism: prognosis and phenylalanine tolerance.
Twenty-three children, who were detected by neonatal PKU screening, were followed for 8-18 years in one paediatric centre. Dietary treatment was started if the blood phenylalanine level exceeded 0.72 mmol/l. All 23 infants were initially given a low phenylalanine diet. The growth and development rates of the children did not differ significantly from those in a reference population, although one child had mild mental retardation and another had a short attention span. Fourteen children were still on a strict phenylalanine-restricted diet on their last follow-up (at 8-18 years of age). In nine children who were initially put on a low phenylalanine diet, it was possible to normalize the diet between 1/2 and 10 years of age, while maintaining the blood phenylalanine levels between 0.25 and 0.72 mmol/l. It seems likely that those of our patients who markedly increased their phenylalanine tolerance during childhood had a regulatory mutation of the phenylalanine hydroxylase system. A continuous reevaluation of each child treated with a low phenylalanine diet reduces the use of unnecessarily restricted diets. | 2023-08-07T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2691 |
Long-chain alkyl ester of AMP acts as an antagonist of glucose-induced signal transduction that mediates activation of plasma membrane proton pump in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
One of the long-chain alkyl esters of AMP, adenosine 5'-hexadecylphosphate (AMPC16), exhibited a cytotoxic growth inhibitory effect on cells of various yeast strains. The growth inhibitory effect of AMPC16 on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells was observed only in medium containing Mg2+, which accelerated cellular uptake of the nucleotide analogue. In the presence of Mg2+, AMPC16 completely inhibited glucose-induced extracellular acidification by the intact cells and also interfered with activation of the plasma membrane ATPase, but did not directly inhibit the ATPase activity itself. AMPC16 treatment prevented cells from increasing their intracellular sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) level in response to glucose, whereas the inhibition of proton extrusion by the cells could be largely reversed by the coaddition of a membrane-permeable DAG analogue. The DAG analogue, a physiological activator of protein kinase C (PKC), was not protective against the inhibition of glucose-induced proton extrusion by staurosporine, which is capable of directly interfering with the action of PKC. These results implied that AMPC16 caused a Mg(2+)-dependent cytotoxic effect on Sac. cerevisiae cells by interfering with a phosphatidylinositol type of signal that mediates activation of the plasma membrane proton pump. | 2024-05-26T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2298 |
FC Dallas striker Fabian Castillo fined, suspended four games after incident with official
Major League Soccer suspended FC Dallas forward Fabian Castillo for four games and fined him an undisclosed amount after making contact with a referee last month.
The incident occurred following the conclusion of a game against the Portland Timbers on June 11. Castillo was issued a red card for violent conduct, resulting in a two-game suspension, and the MLS Disciplinary Committee tacked on two additional games.
Castillo, 22, will sit out three remaining games (July 4 against Philadelphia, July 19 vs. New England and July 27 at Vancouver) after missing Sunday's draw with Columbus.
Castillo will be eligible to play in a July 8 US Open Cup quarterfinal match against the Carolina Railhawks, as the suspension applies only to league matches. Castillo has scored five goals and recorded 19 shots on goal in 17 games this season. FC Dallas currently sits in fourth place in the Western Conference.
Castillo's appeal of the suspension via the MLS players union was unsuccessful. | 2024-06-12T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2091 |
PlayLink Titles Are Discounted on the PlayStation Store Right Now
Celebrate the new year and pick up PlayLink titles Hidden Agenda, That's You, or Knowledge is Power for 25 percent off right now until January 2.
A video showcasing the many PlayLink titles for PlayStation 4 was released hilariously displaying each game’s unique gameplay.
PlayLink titles — which include Knowledge is Power, Hidden Agenda, and That’s You — are meant for everyone to enjoy. Instead of using multiple DualShock 4 controllers, all players require is their own cell phones and the companion app for the game.
The first game to kick off the PlayLink series of games was That’s You, a party game where you will interact with each by answering questions pertaining to a particular player, doodling on each other’s drawings, and taking goofy pictures. In October, three PlayLink titles were release including the return of the popular competitive music game series, Singstar Celebration.
During this year’s Paris Games Week press conference, Sony revealed the next game in the cell phone-centric series, Erica. Utilizing the PlayLink system, the upcoming FlavourWorks title uses FMV (full motion video) to tell a dark tale about a woman and her haunting past as you uncover the identity of a murderer. A release has yet to be revealed.
All the aforementioned titles — save for Erica — are available right now. Just in time for your New Year’s Eve party, these games are 25 percent off on the PlayStation Store until January 2.
Michael Ruiz is a staff writer at DualShockers. He enjoys most video games, but would be happy playing Galaga for the rest of his life. When he isn't playing games, he is probably watching professional wrestling or podcasting on Drop In/ Drop Out. | 2023-08-14T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6610 |
Q:
java.lang.IllegalStateException on connecting Android device with Android Studio
I recently tried connecting my android phone with android studio to test run my app. Howvever, when the app runs following exception is thrown:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need to use a Theme.AppCompat theme (or descendant) with this activity.
The app works fine on the AVD.
Min SDK 16
Target SDK 23
My android device has Android Version 4.2.2
I want to use the theme and style that I have created and not this default theme.
Can anyone help????
A:
Since you are extending your Activity from AppCompatActivity, you must use theme descendant from Theme.AppCompat.
Thus you should define your theme like this:
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
<!-- All customizations can go here. -->
</style>
And use it like this:
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" />
| 2024-01-10T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3494 |
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin-1, an unusual hemolysin from the nematocyst venom of Hydra magnipapillata which belongs to an extended gene family.
Cnidarians rely on their nematocysts and the venom injected through these unique weaponry systems to catch prey and protect themselves from predators. The development and physiology of the nematocysts of Hydra magnipapillata, a classic model organism, have been intensively studied, yet the composition and biochemical activity of their venom components are mostly unknown. Here, we show that hydra actinoporin-like toxins (HALTs), which have previously been associated with Hydra nematocysts, belong to a multigene family comprising six genes, which have diverged from a single common ancestor. All six genes are expressed in a population of Hydra magnipapillata. When expressed recombinantly, HALT-1 (Δ-HYTX-Hma1a), an actinoporin-like protein found in the stenoteles (the main penetrating nematocysts used in prey capture), reveals hemolytic activity, albeit about two-thirds lower than that of the anemone actinoporin equinatoxin II (EqTII, Δ-AITX-Aeq1a). HALT-1 also differs from EqTII in the size of its pores, and likely does not utilize sphingomyelin as a membrane receptor. We describe features of the HALT-1 sequence which may contribute to this difference in activity, and speculate on the role of this unusual family of pore-forming toxins in the ecology of Hydra. | 2024-05-16T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3223 |
Search results for 'note 2'
The iOttie One-Touch Windshield Dashboard Car Mounts main focus is functionality. Its easy one-touch system allows for the mounting and releasing of the device with just the push of a finger. Thanks to its super strong extra-large suction cup, the One-Touch Car Mount sticks securely to most smooth flat surfaces, yet is still easily removable. The stickiness of the suction cup is infinite, just rinse with warm water and let air dry, then the mount is good as new. No matter if your phone is protected by a skin or a case, the iOttie One-Touch Car Mount grips securely onto your device so you can drive with confidence. Get protected. Get Going!
With its advanced shock absorption core, the Peli Guardian phone case is one of the thinnest protection cases on the market. It is designed for the professional that travels for business or leisure; that goes to work beating the traffic by public transport, motorbike or bicycle or that enjoys practicing sports. And, this phone case does not forget the need for mobile protection when going home and playing with the kids!
With its advanced shock absorption core, the Peli Guardian phone case is one of the thinnest protection cases on the market. It is designed for the professional that travels for business or leisure; that goes to work beating the traffic by public transport, motorbike or bicycle or that enjoys practicing sports. And, this phone case does not forget the need for mobile protection when going home and playing with the kids!
With its advanced shock absorption core, the Peli Guardian phone case is one of the thinnest protection cases on the market. It is designed for the professional that travels for business or leisure; that goes to work beating the traffic by public transport, motorbike or bicycle or that enjoys practicing sports. And, this phone case does not forget the need for mobile protection when going home and playing with the kids! | 2023-10-11T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5106 |
The film, which is a remake of 2008 superhit Marathi movie 'De Dhakka', was annouced on Dutt's 57th birthday on Saturday.
"He will play a 43 or 44-year-old father. He will play a Punjabi man but not a sardar. We will have look test done with him. The film has elements of humor and he is good at comedy, he does it best," Manjrekar told PTI.
Dutt and the 63-year-old filmmaker have earlier colaborated on films like 'Vaastav', 'Kurukshetra' and 'Rakjt'. The makers are currently looking out actress to play Dutt's wife in the film.
"I have name of some brilliant actresses (in mind). We are in talks with some. For the role of daughter and son, we will mostly have new faces," Manjrekar said.
Being made under the banner of Sandeep Singh and Omung Kumar's, Legend Studios, the film as per its Marathi version, promises to be a laughter riot blending with the emotional journey of a family.
"The basic premise will be same. It's a family film. It is about realising that it is family what matters always. There will be elements of humor in the film. The film will be set in Himachal Pradesh. Travel will be the backdrop of the film," Manjrekar said.
While, the director feels the title 'De Dhakka' is apt for the Hindi remake, he said he is looking at other titles as well. The film will go on floors this December or January next year and release in July-August 2017. | 2023-10-04T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3433 |
NEW DELHI (AFP) - Nearly 600 people have died and millions have been affected by monsoon floods in South Asia, officials said Saturday (Aug 19), as relief and rescue operations continued.
The latest floods and landslides in the subcontinent began in the second week of August, as the annual monsoon strengthened its grip over the northern and eastern parts of the region.
Indian authorities sought military help in two districts of northern Uttar Pradesh state after fresh heavy rains left hundreds of villages marooned.
As many as 33 out of 75 districts in the most populated Indian state are reeling from floods that have left 55 people dead.
"We have sought army's help to reach out to the affected people," T P Gupta, a senior official from the state's disaster management authority, told AFP.
Nearly 100,000 people have moved to shelters, with authorities estimating another two million have been hit by the deluge.
In India's worst hit Bihar state the death toll reached 153 following one of the deadliest floods to hit the region since 2008.
Nearly 400,000 people have sought shelter in relief camps and an estimated 10 million have been affected by the flood.
Anirudh Kumar, a top disaster management agency official in the state, said more than 5,000 emergency workers including 2,000 soldiers were supporting relief and rescue operations.
"Nearly 1,300 shelters have been opened to accommodate the affected people," Kumar told AFP.
Both Bihar and Uttar Pradesh border Nepal, which was hit by floods at the weekend and where the death toll is 123. At least 20 per cent of the 28 million population is affected in what the United Nations has called the worst flood to hit the country in 15 years.
Further east in India, at least 60 people have died in floods that hit Assam state a second time in less than four months and nearly 425,000 remain in relief camps.
Railway connectivity between the remote region and mainland remained suspended for the sixth consecutive day following large scale damage to the tracks.
Authorities in West Bengal state said the flood waters were receding after a lull in the rains but 52 so far deaths were reported . More than a million people have been affected.
'HUMANITARIAN CRISIS'
At least a hundred people have died in neighbouring Bangladesh with close to six million affected by the floods.
The government has opened nearly a thousand shelters in schools and colleges where nearly 300,000 people have taken shelter, the country's disaster management department said.
But there are still pockets of the country where help has yet to reach.
Poresh Mondol, a farmer in the northern district of Kurigram, one of the worst hit areas, has been camping with his family on the roof of his tin-shed house, most of which was submerged.
"No one has come to us with any help. We are left with the last fist-full of dry goods," he told AFP by phone.
The International Red Cross called it a humanitarian crisis and said urgent action was needed.
"Millions of people across Nepal, Bangladesh and India face severe food shortages and disease caused by polluted flood waters," said Martin Faller, deputy regional director for Asia Pacific, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Every year hundreds die in landslides and floods during the monsoon season that hits India's southern tip in early June and sweeps across the South Asia region for four months.
A massive landslide in India's Himachal Pradesh state swept two passenger buses off a hillside, killing 46 people on Sunday.
Eight others, including two soldiers, were killed in Uttarakhand state in landslides on Monday.
Nearly 350 people died in the first wave of floods that began mid-July in India's western Gujarat state and several remote northeastern states. | 2024-03-10T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2192 |
Q:
SIGILL on std::ios_base::Init::Init() and std::string::assign(std::string const&)
Working with embedded linux cross compiling the code on an Ubuntu box to run on a COMX-p2020 module. I'm assuming I'm either missing or have some compiler setting incorrect which is causing the illegal instruction. Here is my compiler flags.
CPPFLAGS = -MD -MP -w -g $(DEFINES) $(INCLUDES) -pthread -mcpu=powerpc
And here is the output out put from gdb.
Program received signal SIGILL, Illegal instruction.
0x0ff1d3f4 in std::ios_base::Init::Init() () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0ff1d3f4 in std::ios_base::Init::Init() () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#1 0x100d3074 in __static_initialization_and_destruction_0 (__initialize_p=1,__priority=65535) at /opt/Freescale/CodeWarrior_PA_10.0/Cross_Tools/freescale-4.4/bin/../lib/gcc/powerpc-linux-gnu/4.4.1/../../../../powerpc-linux-gnu/include/c++/4.4.1/iostream:72
#2 0x100d30d0 in global constructors keyed to outDmxData() () at ../Luminaire/Mac Source/VArtnetManager.cpp:769
#3 0x100def88 in __do_global_ctors_aux ()
#4 0x10001a58 in _init ()
#5 0x100deed8 in __libc_csu_init ()
#6 0x0fc1d684 in generic_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
#7 0x0fc1d8b0 in __libc_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
#8 0x00000000 in ?? ()
It is never reaching main, looks like it is trying to allocate a global and chokes during initialization. Here is the global in question.
unsigned char outDmxData[kNumDmxBuses][513];
I then started to strip code down to make sure I could get it to run. I can compile and successfully run a simple hello world with same compiler settings with no problem. I then started slowly adding objects back in till I ran into this.
Program received signal SIGILL, Illegal instruction.
0x0ff6b680 in std::string::assign(std::string const&) ()
from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0ff6b680 in std::string::assign(std::string const&) () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#1 0x0ff6b6e4 in std::string::operator=(std::string const&) () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#2 0x10008014 in VxQueue::InitQueue (this=0x10052038) at ../Common/SystemObjects/VxQueue.cpp:114
#3 0x10007a6c in VxQueue::VxQueue (this=0x10052038,queueName=0x1001d580 "DestoryedObjects") at ../Common/SystemObjects/VxQueue.cpp:40
#4 0x10004aa4 in VxMessageManager::CreateQueueContext (this=0x10052008,queueName=0x1001d580 "DestoryedObjects") at ../Common/SystemObjects/VxMessageManager.cpp:209
#5 0x10004750 in VxMessageManager::VxMessageManager (this=0x10052008) at ../Common/SystemObjects/VxMessageManager.cpp:187
#6 0x10003fa0 in VxMessageManager::CreateSharedMessageManager () at ../Common/SystemObjects/VxMessageManager.cpp:36
#7 0x10001714 in main () at ../Luminaire_gcc/main.cpp:68
The line in question looks like this.
// set default queue name
char queueName[32];
snprintf(queueName, sizeof(queueName), "queue_%04d", m_queueId);
m_queueName = std::string(queueName); // <- error in question
Edit
Here is the disassembly for std::ios_base::Init::Init(). It looks like .long is the instruction it is having problems with. Will post the std::string in a few.
0x0ff1d3dc <+76>: stw r28,48(r1)
0x0ff1d3e0 <+80>: lwz r24,-32768(r30)
0x0ff1d3e4 <+84>: stw r31,60(r1)
0x0ff1d3e8 <+88>: cmpwi cr7,r24,0
0x0ff1d3ec <+92>: beq- cr7,0xff1d870 <_ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev+1248>
0x0ff1d3f0 <+96>: lwz r27,-32764(r30)
=> 0x0ff1d3f4 <+100>: .long 0x7c2004ac
0x0ff1d3f8 <+104>: lwarx r28,0,r27
0x0ff1d3fc <+108>: addi r9,r28,1
0x0ff1d400 <+112>: stwcx. r9,0,r27
0x0ff1d404 <+116>: bne- 0xff1d3f8 <_ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev+104>
The std::string issue appears to look the same. I'm guessing .long 0x7c2004ac means it doesn't know what the instruction is?
0x0ff6b528 <+72>: lwz r0,-32760(r30)
0x0ff6b52c <+76>: cmpwi cr7,r0,0
0x0ff6b530 <+80>: beq- cr7,0xff6b564 <_ZNSsD1Ev+132>
0x0ff6b534 <+84>: addi r10,r3,8
=> 0x0ff6b538 <+88>: .long 0x7c2004ac
0x0ff6b53c <+92>: lwarx r9,0,r10
0x0ff6b540 <+96>: addi r11,r9,-1
0x0ff6b544 <+100>: stwcx. r11,0,r10
0x0ff6b548 <+104>: bne- 0xff6b53c <_ZNSsD1Ev+92>
Edit
Sorry for the length. More for my benefit to document this as I go. Looks like 0x7c2004ac translates to PPC_INST_LWSYNC. Which lead me to this article http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2006-11/msg01238.html that sounds like my exact problem (lwsync doesn't work on e500 processors). The next problem being, I am strapped for time and the toolchain I'm using was packaged with the dev kit. So I don't know of a way I can quickly patch this without trying to figure out how to build the toolchain from scratch which I know will not be a quick task, at least for me... I guess I can contact vendor, but they have not been responsive in the past and usually it's up to me to fix their problems.
A:
Finally resolved my issue by switching to different toolchain. I was using the toolchain that shipped with Codewarrior 10.0.2 which was causing me the issue. I then used crosstools-ng 1.17.0 using the powerpc-e500v2-linux-gnuspe sample to build a new toolchain. I ran into one issue where crosstools-ng failed to build gdb with [ERROR] configure: error: python is missing or unusable. I did have python installed, so unsure why I got the error. I'm already cross compiling gdb myself, so just disabled it in the menuconfig (Debug Facilities->gdb). I also had to disable -Werror on the kernel with the compiler upgrade.
Also, I am specifying e500mc for the mpcu option when compiling my binary.
CPPFLAGS = -MD -MP -w -g $(DEFINES) $(INCLUDES) -pthread -mcpu=e500mc
Thanks Jonathan for pointing me in the right direction. Hope this helps someone debug similar issue faster than it took me.
| 2024-07-23T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4086 |
//----------------------------------------------------
// Elements: List
//----------------------------------------------------
//----------------------------------------------------
// / Variables
//----------------------------------------------------
// Selectors
$selector-list: "\.list" !default;
$selector-list-item: "\.item" !default;
// Modifiers
$modifier-list-disc: "\.is-disc" !default;
$modifier-list-circle: "\.is-circle" !default;
$modifier-list-square: "\.is-square" !default;
$modifier-list-kome: "\.is-kome" !default;
$modifier-list-decimal: "\.is-decimal" !default;
$modifier-list-note: "\.is-note" !default;
// List
$list-margin-left: 1.5em !default;
$list-item-margin-top: 0.25em !default;
$list-disc-item-list-style: disc outside !default;
$list-circle-item-list-style: circle outside !default;
$list-square-item-list-style: square outside !default;
$list-decimal-item-list-style: decimal outside !default;
$list-kome-unicode: unquote('"') + unquote(str-insert("203B", "\\", 1)) +
unquote('"') !default;
// List Note
$list-note-item-margin-left: 0.25em !default;
//----------------------------------------------------
// / Style - List
//----------------------------------------------------
@mixin musubii-style-list() {
margin-left: $list-margin-left;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-not-first-item() {
margin-top: $list-item-margin-top;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-item-child-list() {
margin-top: $list-item-margin-top * 2;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-disc-item() {
display: list-item;
list-style: $list-disc-item-list-style;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-square-item() {
display: list-item;
list-style: $list-square-item-list-style;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-circle-item() {
display: list-item;
list-style: $list-circle-item-list-style;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-kome-item() {
position: relative;
display: block;
&:before {
content: $list-kome-unicode;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: -1em;
}
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-decimal-item() {
display: list-item;
list-style: $list-decimal-item-list-style;
}
@include generate-style($option-generate-style-list) {
#{$selector-list} {
&#{$modifier-list-disc},
&#{$modifier-list-circle},
&#{$modifier-list-square},
&#{$modifier-list-kome},
&#{$modifier-list-decimal} {
@include musubii-style-list();
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
&:not(:first-child) {
@include musubii-style-list-not-first-item();
}
> {
#{$selector-list} {
@include musubii-style-list-item-child-list();
}
}
}
}
}
&#{$modifier-list-disc} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-disc-item();
}
}
}
&#{$modifier-list-circle} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-circle-item();
}
}
}
&#{$modifier-list-square} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-square-item();
}
}
}
&#{$modifier-list-kome} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-kome-item();
}
}
}
&#{$modifier-list-decimal} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-decimal-item();
}
}
}
}
}
//----------------------------------------------------
// / Style - List Note
//----------------------------------------------------
@mixin musubii-style-list-note-item() {
display: flex;
}
@mixin musubii-style-list-note-item-not-first-child() {
margin-left: $list-note-item-margin-left;
}
@include generate-style($option-generate-style-list) {
@if $option-add-style-list-note == true {
#{$selector-list} {
&#{$modifier-list-note} {
> {
#{$selector-list-item} {
@include musubii-style-list-note-item();
> *:not(:first-child) {
@include musubii-style-list-note-item-not-first-child();
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
| 2023-09-24T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8694 |
Marvel had no comment on who Jolie might play, but given that she's the first actor to be cast, it seems likely that she's up for the transmutation-powered Sersi. Jolie also looks a great deal like many artists' depiction of the character. But who is Sersi? And what does Jolie's casting tell us about the film?
Unlike the previous films that have made up the Marvel Cinematic Universe, The Eternals is based around largely unknown entities, even for most comic book readers. This unknown quality plus the fact that Marvel Comics hasn't made much effort in reprinting Kirby's series or key appearances of the characters (yet), adds a level of excitement and novelty to Zhao's feature. As a property that's more situated in the realm of sci-fi and fantasy than superhero yarns, learning about the Eternals is akin to taking a deep-dive into J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth history or George R.R. Martin's Westeros and Essos. While the Guardians of the Galaxy were mostly unknown to most audiences before 2014, the Eternals are even more of a deep-dive into the Marvel Universe. When it comes to the Celestials, the Eternals and their evil counterparts the Deviants (Thanos' race), this is heavy Marvel mythology, the building blocks of the universe, and far more complex than anything we've seen Marvel Studios adapt thus far.
Casting Jolie in a film such as this is a way for Marvel to ground the audience in a complicated mythology with a familiar face. But it's also a signal that if an actress on this level of influence, one who has largely focused on directing and producing of late, is interested, then it must be something special.
Marvel Studios, with a few exceptions, has long played the game of star-making when it comes to leading roles, taking talented actors and actresses known from television and award-season breakouts and making them household names or reviving the public's perception of them. There's been a certain tier of actors who first broke box office records and sold magazine covers in the '90s — Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio, Denzel Washington, Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts and Jolie — who have somehow managed to avoid being in a superhero film. But it now seems as though everyone must do at least one. Despite being a favorite for numerous superhero roles since the '90s and being an early rumored choice to direct Captain Marvel, Jolie has stayed away from superhero movies. Sure, she played Lara Croft twice and starred in the comic adaptation of Wanted (2008), which stripped away the superhero element of Mark Millar's comic, and she went all-in on the costumed villainess in Maleficent (2014) and its upcoming sequel. But she's never played a true superhero before.
Yet Sersi, if speculation is indeed correct, seems like a fitting choice for Jolie. Not only does the role provide her with the opportunity to work with Zhao, whose film The Rider (2017) makes the filmmakers seem like kindred spirits, but Sersi reflects many of Jolie's own acting choices and interests.
Created by Jack Kirby, Sersi first appeared in Strange Tales No. 109 (1963), with the name spelled "Circe," then later as Sersi in The Eternals No. 3 (1976). The distinction in spelling highlights a very important aspect of The Eternals' comic book history. While Greek gods and goddesses exist in the Marvel Universe, they would often let the Olympia-based Eternals represent their physical forms for the humans on Earth, hence many of the Eternals sharing names similar to their Greek counterparts. This distinction sounds like something the MCU will merge and just make the Eternals the inspiration for the Greek Pantheon, like the Asgardians were the basis for the Norse Gods. The comics have already done some of this synthesizing. Sersi inspired the poet Homer, who included her under the name Circe in The Odyssey in which she turned men into swine. Because of her powers to manipulate matter and rearrange molecular structures, she was often seen as a witch rather than a result of alien experimentation, allowing her to move across comic book genres.
While most of the Eternals eventually returned to the cosmos in search of their larger destiny, Sersi remained on Earth, fascinated with its people and customs. She involved herself in key moments in history, lived in ancient Rome and Camelot, fought alongside Thor and the Vikings in the god's youth and later joined the Avengers.
Having lived for millennia, Sersi has taken on many roles on Earth and has changed her personality as she's seen fit, taking the most out of her immortal existence. This worldliness and interest in alleviating human conflict and suffering falls in line with Jolie's own humanitarian and conservation efforts. As the line between actors and the superheroes they play grows increasingly thin (see Chris Evans' political interests, and Gal Gadot and Brie Larson's movement for women in film), Sersi may be a way for Jolie to get her message out to a wider audience, and exhibit godlike powers while doing it.
It's impossible to capture the massive potential and mythology of The Eternals through one character and casting choice. But Jolie's involvement at least gives us a better idea of what's coming down the road post-Avengers: Endgame. Marvel Studios boss Kevin Feige has promised a very different MCU after April 26, and if Jolie's casting and Sersi's eons-spanning history and mythology is any indication, Marvel's storytelling and casting is only growing in ambition. | 2023-09-12T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1360 |
Double-blind comparative clinical trial of pimozide and chlorpromazine in mania. A test of the dopamine hypothesis.
Pimozide (PMZ), a relatively specific dopamine (DA) receptor blocking drug, was compared to chlorpromazine (CPZ) in a double-blind, between-patient clinical trial in mania. The trial lasted 14 days. Twenty-three patients who fulfilled Feighner's criteria for mania entered the trial (one patient entering on two separate occasions). Both drugs led to clinical improvement, with a significant effect being noted within 24 hours. According to one of the two rating scales used, initial improvement was greater with chlorpromazine, probably due to its greater sedative effect. By 7 days both drugs were equally effective. Sedative side effects were more frequent in patients on CPZ; extrapyramidal side effects were more frequent with PMZ. The finding that the relatively specific DA receptor blocking drug PMZ was as effective as CPZ in the treatment of mania is consistent with the view that hyperactivity of central DA pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. | 2024-07-01T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4247 |
If you would like to see more articles like this please support our coverage of the space program by becoming a Spaceflight Now Member . If everyone who enjoys our website helps fund it, we can expand and improve our coverage further.
Video credit: Roscosmos
A Soyuz booster set for liftoff this week with a Russian cosmonaut, a German flight engineer, and a former NASA flight surgeon heading for the International Space Station arrived at its launch pad in Kazakhstan Monday.
The Soyuz rocket, emblazoned with a logo commemorating the 2018 FIFA World Cup, emerged from its assembly hangar at the Baikonur Cosmodrome after sunrise Monday, riding a specialized railcar along a winding route to Launch Pad No. 1, the same site where Yuri Gagarin launched in 1961 to become the first person in space.
Once at the launch pad, a hydraulic lift raised the three-stage Soyuz-FG rocket vertical, and a series of support arms and gantry towers folded around the vehicle, suspending it over the launch pad’s flame bucket and giving Russian technicians access to the vehicle for final checks.
The service towers will also allow the three-person crew to board the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft mounted atop the rocket in preparation for launch Wednesday at 1112:41 GMT (7:12:41 a.m. EDT; 5:12:41 p.m. Baikonur time).
Soyuz commander Sergey Prokopyev, a former squadron commander in the Russian Air Force, will occupy the center seat of the spacecraft. Prokopyev, 43, is poised for his first space mission.
European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst, flying for the second time to the space station, will serve as board engineer in the left-hand seat of the Soyuz capsule. Gerst, a 42-year-old native of Künzelsau, Germany, will take command of the space station’s Expedition 57 crew later this year, becoming the second ESA astronaut to lead a space mission.
NASA astronaut Serena Auñón-Chancellor, 42, a former flight surgeon and another rookie space flier, will climb into the right-hand seat in the Soyuz for launch Wednesday. Born in Indiana and raised in Colorado, she came to NASA in 2006, before her selection as an astronaut in 2009.
Prokopyev, Gerst and Auñón-Chancellor will kick off a two-day pursuit of the space station with Wednesday’s launch. The trio will dock with the orbiting complex Friday at 1307 GMT (9:07 a.m. EDT), joining Expedition 56 commander Drew Feustel and flight engineers Ricky Arnold and Oleg Artemyev currently living on the outpost.
A three-man outgoing crew — Russian commander Anton Shkaplerov, NASA flight engineer Scott Tingle, and Japanese astronaut Norishige Kanai — departed the station Sunday and landed in Kazakhstan to close out a 168-day mission.
In another celebration of the World Cup, Shkaplerov’s crew returned to Earth with a regulation ball to be used in the tournament’s opening match later this month in Moscow.
The images below show the Soyuz rocket’s rollout to the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome on Monday.
Email the author.
Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1. | 2024-06-21T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5594 |
/*********************************************************\
* File: GuiPicking.h *
*
* Copyright (C) 2002-2013 The PixelLight Team (http://www.pixellight.org/)
*
* This file is part of PixelLight.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software
* and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
* restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
* substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
* DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\*********************************************************/
#ifndef __PLVIEWERQT_PICKING_H__
#define __PLVIEWERQT_PICKING_H__
#pragma once
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Includes ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
#include <PLScene/Scene/SceneNodeHandler.h>
#include <PLEngine/Picking/MousePicking.h>
#include <PLFrontendQt/DockWidget/DockWidget.h>
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Forward declarations ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QLabel;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
namespace PLScene {
class SNMTransformGizmo;
}
class Gui;
class GuiPickingQObject;
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Classes ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
/**
* @brief
* Picking & selection application component
*
* @note
* - This class is also derived from "PLFrontendQt::DockWidget" to be able to spy on the dock widget communication
*/
class GuiPicking : public PLFrontendQt::DockWidget, public PLEngine::MousePicking {
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Friends ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
friend class GuiPickingQObject;
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ RTTI interface ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
pl_class(pl_rtti_export, GuiPicking, "", PLFrontendQt::DockWidget, "Picking & selection application component")
// Methods
pl_method_0(GetSceneContainer, pl_ret_type(PLScene::SceneContainer*), "Returns the used scene container, can be a null pointer.", "")
pl_method_0(GetSelectedObject, pl_ret_type(PLCore::Object*), "Returns the currently selected object, can be a null pointer.", "")
pl_method_1(SelectObject, pl_ret_type(void), PLCore::Object*, "Selects the given object. Object to select as first parameter.", "")
// Slots
pl_slot_0(OnDestroyed, "Called when the scene node assigned with this dock widget was destroyed", "")
pl_class_end
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Public functions ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
public:
/**
* @brief
* Constructor
*
* @param[in] cGui
* Owner GUI
*/
GuiPicking(Gui &cGui);
/**
* @brief
* Destructor
*/
virtual ~GuiPicking();
/**
* @brief
* Performs the informative picking
*
* @remarks
* The purpose of this method is to provide the user with an information what's currently under the mouse
* cursor. So, this method should be called continually without the need to "click on the object". This
* method is allowed decide whether or not to internal state.
*
* @return
* Picked scene node, can be a null pointer
*
* @see
* - "PerformPicking()"
*/
PLScene::SceneNode *PerformInformativPicking();
/**
* @brief
* Performs picking
*
* @return
* Picked scene node, can be a null pointer
*
* @note
* - Also updates the Qt label shown in the status bar of the Qt main window
*/
PLScene::SceneNode *PerformPicking();
/**
* @brief
* Returns the used scene container
*
* @return
* The used scene container, can be a null pointer
*/
PLScene::SceneContainer *GetSceneContainer() const;
/**
* @brief
* Returns the currently selected object
*
* @return
* The currently selected object, can be a null pointer
*/
PLCore::Object *GetSelectedObject() const;
/**
* @brief
* Selects the given object
*
* @param[in] pObject
* Object to select, can be a null pointer
*/
void SelectObject(PLCore::Object *pObject);
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Private functions ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
private:
/**
* @brief
* Set the text of the Qt label shown in the status bar of the Qt main window
*
* @param[in] sText
* Text to be set
*/
void SetLabelStatusBarText(const PLCore::String &sText);
/**
* @brief
* Called when the scene node assigned with this dock widget was destroyed
*/
void OnDestroyed();
/**
* @brief
* Returns whether or not any of the transform gizmo axis is currently selected
*
* @return
* In case any of the transform gizmo axis is currently selected,
* the transform gizmo instance is returned, else a null pointer
*/
PLScene::SNMTransformGizmo *IsAnyTransformGizmoAxisSelected() const;
/**
* @brief
* Sets whether a transform gizmo is currently in transform mode or not
*
* @param[in] cTransformGizmo
* Transform gizmo to change the transform mode of
* @param[in] bTransformMode
* 'true' if the transform gizmo is currently in transform mode, else 'false'
*/
void SetTransformMode(PLScene::SNMTransformGizmo &cTransformGizmo, bool bTransformMode);
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Private virtual PLEngine::Picking functions ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
private:
virtual bool OnPickingCandidate(PLScene::SceneNode &cSceneNode) override;
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
//[ Private data ]
//[-------------------------------------------------------]
private:
Gui *m_pGui; /**< Owner GUI, always valid! */
GuiPickingQObject *m_pGuiPickingQObject; /**< QObject instance for Qt's signal/slot mechanisms, always valid */
PLCore::uint64 m_nLastPickingTime; /**< Last picking time */
PLScene::SceneNodeHandler m_cPickedSceneNodeHandler; /**< Currently picked scene node (aka "mouse over") */
PLScene::SceneNode *m_pSceneNode; /**< The scene node which is currently the center of the attention */
QLabel *m_pQLabelStatusBar; /**< Qt label shown in the status bar of the Qt main window, can be a null pointer */
PLCore::Array<PLScene::SceneNodeModifier*> m_lstSceneNodeModifiers; /**< List of temporary scene node modifiers we added to the selected scene node */
};
#endif // __PLVIEWERQT_PICKING_H__
| 2024-07-08T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1793 |
FDU presents Olympia Snowe as part of New Jersey Speakers Series
Above: Former U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe addresses a variety of political topics at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center on January 8, 2014 as part of Fairleigh Dickinson University's New Jersey Speakers Series. (Photos by Michael Paras)
By Andew McKay
The 2014-15 inaugural season of the New Jersey Speakers Series, presented by Fairleigh Dickinson University, continued on Thursday night with former U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe, who shared her thoughts on the midterm elections, the bipartisan gridlock in Congress and the importance of finding common ground.
“There was never a golden era of bipartisanship,” said Snowe. “Even our founding fathers were opinionated. But they realized the gravity and indispensability of consensus. Unfortunately, bipartisanship is rare today.”
Snowe said that policy making has virtually been annihilated. “It’s more about ‘gotcha’ votes,” she said, adding, “Ultimately it yields two outcomes: either scorched-earth victory for one side or political stagnation.”
Above: Krista Jenkins, political science professor and director of FDU's PublicMind poll; Olympia Snowe, former U.S. Senator from Maine; and University President Sheldon Drucker at the event.
Snowe served as U.S. Senator from Maine from 1995 to 2013. Over the course of her political career, she earned a strong reputation for reaching across the aisle and helping to turn divisions into consensus. She also became well known for her ability to influence the outcome of close votes. In 2006, she was named one of America’s 10 best senators by Time magazine.
Prior to serving in the Senate, she represented Maine’s Second Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives for 16 years.
The youngest Republican woman elected to the U.S. Congress, she is the first woman to have served in both houses of a state legislature and both houses of Congress.
Today she is a senior fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center and co-chairs its Commission on Political Reform. She has also published the book, Fighting for Common Ground: How We Can Fix the Stalemate In Congress.
“Americans fear that permanent dysfunction will become part of the system in Washington,” said Snowe. The tragedy, she said, “is the perception by the American people that there’s no benefit of participating in our democracy.”
Renewing her calls for consensus-building and governance from “a sensible center,” Snowe recommend reinvigorating the committee process and retuning the Senate to its original intent as a deliberative body, among other advice. “The art of the legislative process has been lost,” she said. “If you allow the process to work, Congress will rise [to the occasion].
Snowe demanded more transparency and accountability from Congress, highlighting looming flashpoint issues including the nation’s budget. “No Budget No Pay should become law,” she said. “If Congress cannot pass a budget they don’t deserve to get paid.”
Ultimately, said Snowe, the power still rests in the hands of the American people. “We cannot accept low-level functioning from our leadership when it comes to doing what’s right for America,” she said.
Closing her discussion, she stated, “We get the government we demand,” adding, “The tactics of polarization must be relegated to the dustbin of history.”
Snowe fielded audience questions about a variety of subjects including term limits for congress, third party politics and her decision to not seek reelection. Steve Scott, news anchor for WCBS Newsradio 880 AM, one of the University’s media partners for the series, introduced the lecture and moderated the question and answer session.
The New Jersey Speakers Series continues with former presidential advisor and current CNN political commentator David Gergen on February 19, followed by Pulitzer Prize winning author David McCullough on March 19, and former CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather on April 23.
Previous speakers in the 2014-15 inaugural season included former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, award-winning actor Alan Alda, and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.
The New Jersey Speakers Series, presented by Fairleigh Dickinson University, is sponsored by Hollister Construction Services, PNC Bank, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, WCBS Newsradio, The Star-Ledger and Prestige Automotive Group. The series is sold by subscription only. For tickets or information, visit www.NJSpeakersSeries.org, or call 1-888-MY-NJPAC or 1-888-696-5722. | 2024-03-26T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1390 |
Dead bat found in garden
Copy the selected HTML code below,and paste it into your own web page:
We often see bats flitting around at dusk, especially when the sky is clear and there is little wind, but we've never seen one up close and motionless. Unfortunately we discovered a dead bat on our patio this morning, with some sort of injury on its back. One of our cats might have been the culprit, but I fail to see how they'd have managed to do it. Bats are exceptionally agile, and should easily be able to evade the clutches of even the most determined feline. | 2024-07-08T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7924 |
Trump move on Jerusalem highlights Arab divisions
A girl with Arabic painted on her face that reads, “Jerusalem is for us,” chants slogans during a sit-in in the Bourj al-Barajneh Palestinian refugee camp, in Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Dec. 6, 2017. President Donald Trump is forging ahead with plans to recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital despite intense Arab, Muslim and European opposition to a move that would upend decades of U.S. policy and risk potentially violent protests. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
A woman chants slogans during a sit-in in the Bourj al-Barajneh Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, Dec. 6, 2017. President Donald Trump is forging ahead with plans to recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital despite intense Arab, Muslim and European opposition to a move that would upend decades of U.S. policy and risk potentially violent protests. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
Of The Associated Press
BEIRUT (AP) >> Muslims across the Middle East warned Wednesday of disastrous consequences after President Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, but in a region more divided than ever, many asked what leaders can do beyond the vehement rhetoric.
Arab powerhouses are mired in their own internal troubles, their populations tired of wars, and the days when Arab leaders could challenge the United States in a meaningful way are long gone.
Beyond the eruption of protests and potential explosion of violence, there is little the Arab world can do to challenge Trump’s move, unanimously decried by leaders.
Jerusalem, a cherished and combustible landmark, is one of the very few unifying issues in an Arab world plagued by wars and sectarianism. But even the prospect of Trump recognizing it as Israel’s capital became a reason for bickering between the Middle East’s Sunni and Shiite powerhouses, Saudi Arabia and Iran, who are engaged in a catastrophic proxy war for supremacy in the region.
Advertisement
“If half the funds spent by some rulers in the region to encourage terrorism, extremism, sectarianism and incitement against neighbors was spent on liberating Palestine, we wouldn’t be facing today this American egotism,” Iran’s Foreign Minister Javad Zarif said in a tweet Wednesday, clearly directed at Saudi Arabia.
Criticism of Trump’s move poured in from Cairo to Tehran to Ankara to war-ravaged Syria, reflecting the anxiety over Trump’s announcement, which upends decades of U.S. policy and could ignite violent protests.
Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas said Trump has destroyed America’s credibility as a Mideast peace broker, adding in a televised statement that the decision “is a declaration of withdrawal from the role it has played in the peace process.”
Egypt, which was the first Arab nation to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, denounced Trump’s decision, describing it in a Foreign Ministry statement as a violation of international resolutions on the city’s status. The statement said Egypt is worried about the impact of the U.S. move on the stability of the region and about its “extremely negative” impact on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
Jordan’s King Abdullah II, whose country like Egypt has a peace treaty with Israel, said he had expressed his concerns to Trump in a phone call Tuesday, saying that ignoring Palestinian, Muslim and Christian rights in Jerusalem would only fuel further extremism.
He spoke at a meeting with Turkish president Recep Tayyeb Erdogan, who has invited leaders of member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to an extraordinary meeting to discuss Jerusalem’s status next week.
In Gaza, hundreds of Palestinian protesters burned American and Israeli flags and waved Palestinian flags and banners proclaiming Jerusalem as “our eternal capital” and calling recognition of it as Israel’s capital a “red line.” Hamas, the militant group that controls Gaza, called for more protests over the coming days.
Hamas official Salah Bardawil said the Palestinians were “on a dangerous crossroad today; we either remain or perish.”
In Beirut, several hundred Palestinian refugees staged a protest in the narrow streets of the Bourj al-Barajneh camp, some of them chanting “Trump, you are mad.” And in Turkey, hundreds of people took to the streets to stage demonstrations near U.S. diplomatic missions in Ankara and Istanbul.
Palestinian officials, meanwhile, declared the Mideast peace process “finished.” The Palestinian prime minister, Rami Hamdallah, met with European diplomats on Wednesday and told them that the expected U.S. shift on Jerusalem “will fuel conflict and increase violence in the entire region.”
It is not clear what, if any, concrete diplomatic action is planned.
Saudi Arabia, a regional powerhouse that could help the White House push through a Middle East settlement, has voiced strong opposition to Trump’s move, saying it would “provoke sentiments of Muslims throughout the world.”
Trump’s move puts the Sunni nation, whose king holds the title of “Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques,” in a bind. The kingdom, particularly its powerful crown prince, Mohammad Bin Salman, enjoys close relations with Trump and his son-in-law Jared Kushner — a relationship that the Saudis need and cannot afford to compromise.
While the Saudis can at least on the surface pressure Trump and distance themselves from Israelis, they will almost certainly continue to cooperate on intelligence sharing regarding Iran.
For its part, Iran will seize upon Trump’s move to show itself the defender of Muslims — and Saudi Arabia cannot be seen as acting any less forceful in its opposition to recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital.
In 1973, Arab oil producers imposed an oil embargo against the United states in retaliation for American military support for Israel, causing soaring gas prices and straining the U.S. economy in a move that demonstrated Saudi Arabia’s power and Arab unity at the time.
Such forceful action is all but ruled out nowadays. Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Egypt have invested in good relations with the United States and are at odds with fellow Arab countries over political and religious differences. Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen are mired in wars and conflict, and entire cities have been laid to waste.
Sunni-led Gulf Arab states, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, share with Israel a deep distrust of Shiite power Iran and their relations with Israel have somewhat thawed.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu referred to this Wednesday. While he acknowledged that Israel won’t be able to sign peace treaties with the Arabs without a deal on the Palestinians, he implied that ties have already been established and have plenty of room to grow.
Mohammed ElBaradei, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Egypt’s former vice president who now lives in self-imposed exile, suggested Arabs do have options, including radically reducing the billions of Arab money flowing to America and a radical downsizing of diplomatic, military and intelligence relations with the U.S.
“But if reaction will be limited to condemnations and denunciations, silence is the more honorable option,” he said in a post on Twitter.
One thing everyone did agree on Wednesday is that Jerusalem is a powder keg and Trump’s decision will have huge implications in the region.
Reflecting opinion in much of the Arab world, two leading Lebanese newspapers issued front page rebukes to Trump over his expected announcement.
The An-Nahar newspaper compared the U.S. president to the late British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour, who a century ago famously promised Palestine as a national home to the Jewish People, in what is known as the Balfour declaration.
The English-language Daily Star newspaper published a full-page photo of the Old City of Jerusalem capped by the Dome of the Rock beneath the headline: “No offense Mr. President, Jerusalem is the capital of PALESTINE.” | 2024-07-11T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7386 |
Q:
React setState only if thing exists?
So I am setting up a parent with several state attributes to pass to children. This is being done via AJAX. The trouble is that for some of these variables, the response may return null or undefined.
$.post(this.props.source, function(data) {
// Parse the response
var response = JSON.parse(data);
if (this.isMounted()) {
this.setState({
// Set initial state vars
minPrice: response.resultDetails.minPrice,
maxPrice: response.resultDetails.maxPrice,
language: response.params.language,
filters: response.params.filters
});
}
}.bind(this));
How can I say something like if response.params.language, set language? I cannot figure out the React syntax to do such a thing.
A:
You should be doing this in componentDidMount so no need to check if isMounted
If you specify the dataType then jQuery will do a json parse for you and data will already be an object
If response.params.language is falsy (undefined), why would it matter if you set it - because you're overriding a non-falsy value?
You can do this in many vanilla JS ways.. this isn't related to React. e.g:
var newState = {
minPrice: response.resultDetails.minPrice,
maxPrice: response.resultDetails.maxPrice,
};
if (response.params.language) {
newState.language = response.params.language;
}
if (response.params.filters) {
newState.filters = response.params.language;
}
this.setState(newState);
or:
this.setState({
minPrice: response.resultDetails.minPrice,
maxPrice: response.resultDetails.maxPrice,
language: response.params.language || this.state.language,
filters: response.params.filters || this.state.filters
});
| 2024-02-05T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1896 |
Caution: These tales have also been published in Naughty Spanking Three.
A Caning for the Goddess
The Mistress believes in doling out both punishment and pleasure when it is needed as well as when it is wanted. Serena and Adelaide know they will be caned for the Dark Moon ritual, but the Afterglow party will also be fantastic.
I had a hard time reading this story. There are so many words thrust into each sentence that I felt as if I was trying to peruse a story that was more about the wording than the spanking. Some of the language used to describe body parts, sexual gratification, and sexual actions are over the top and left me shaking my head.
Sleeping Beauty
Sleeping Beauty is awakened not by a handsome prince but by a woman. Lady Della then takes Sleeping Beauty back to her place where she spends her time teaching the slumberous beauty all there is to know about spanking.
This is a cute story. I like how the fairytale became a spanking tale. This delicious tale will keep you nice and cozy warm in all the right ways as you read it.
Hard Times at the Nymphomaniac Rehabilitation Facility
Sadie was not looking forward to the Nymphomaniac Rehab center until she learned how they punished you for behaving badly. From then on, she learned to get into as much trouble as she could.
This is one hot tale! Sensual from the beginning to the end, you can practically feel the passion pour out of the pages. This is so yummy I devoured it like a hot, fresh slice of homemade bread. Ms. Grace has done an outstanding job of writing this erotic piece.
Truly Scrumptious
He renames Holly, Truly and explains that he and his wife, Katrin, have an open marriage. After getting permission from his wife, he shows Truly exactly how open he can be.
This is an interesting read. At times it is extremely steamy and left me panting for more. Other times I felt as if there was so much focus on words to describe the genitalia that I lost focus on the story itself. Mr. Ramsden did a good job of writing this sexy tale.
The Psychiatrist
Heather is going to see a psychiatrist who is supposed to help her with her sleepless nights. Dr. Carol Lambert uses a unique approach to try and cure Heather of her sleeping problems.
This is a different story, but I rather liked how the sleeping problem was approached. The way Heather starts out not being sure if she wants to be spanked or not to ending up climaxing give it realism as it shows a character who is unused to being spanked. Nicely written and hot in many spots, Ms. Davidson has written a spicy spanking tale.
A Caning for the Goddess is a novel full of five highly erotic tales. I like how each one is unique but at the same time has enough common ground to be in the pages of this anthology. Some of the stories were written smoother than others, but overall this was a delightful book to read. This novel at times makes you want to beg for more spanking action. | 2024-04-16T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5935 |
Wednesday, July 30, 2014
Sunny Lemons
Today is all about Sunny Lemons, we have a small lemon tree in our vege garden area and it is full of fruit. I love anything lemon especially if its very tart.
Drying lemon peel and what to do with it.
First off i scrub the lemons with a small nail brush to remove any dirt. The water in the green tub will be tipped onto the garden when im finished instead of going down the drain.
I use a sharp knife to peel the skin off the lemon, you don't want too much of the pith [the white]. As you can see above most of the pith still remains on the lemon.
If the slices are too long cut or tear them so they sit flat-ish on the dehydrator tray. I ended up with 5 trays of peel from 16 lemons. When using your dehydrator you use the same amount power if you do 1 tray or 10 trays so if you can, fill up the other trays with other items.
This day i added one tray of parsley, one of pac choy and one of bread so all 10 trays are full. Those trays will go on top as they will finish drying quicker than the peel.
As you can see above, i also did two trays of orange peel as well.
Six hours at 55 degrease Celsius and this is the result, crispy hard peel.
This is my first visit to your blog.I like your idea to dry lemon peel. I can't believe I haven't thought about doing that. Do you make lemon salt or lemon seasoning for fish and chicken? I hope you get a chance to visit me too.
We enjoy drying our peels also for various things around the house. I am wondering though, does the bread have a lemon flavor or smell when you dry them together? I am always nervous to mix kinds in the dehydrator because of this... Thank you for sharing on the Art of Home-Making Mondays. I do hope you join us again this week :) | 2024-06-05T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5645 |
Family Care
HAUS Recovery Family Care Services
When you make HAUS Recovery one of the steps on your journey to recovery, you enter a supportive environment where you will heal, learn, and grow in strength. Here, you work to rejoin life as a thriving, sober individual. Embracing support from others, engaging in healthy lifestyle changes and continuing treatment and therapy are essential to repairing emotional wounds and managing co-occurring disorders.
The family and friends you left behind when you entered residential rehab also have wounds that must heal before healthy relationships are reestablished. As you work through the complexities of your new life in sobriety, those who love you must try to resolve thoughts and emotions like these:
Unrealistic hopes for family reunion
Hurt feelings & disappointment
Lack of trust
Guilt, embarrassment & shame
Feelings of rejection
Enabling or intrusive behaviors that threaten a sober relationship with you
Family Healing Supports Recovery
At HAUS Recovery, we value family relationships and believe those closest to our residents are a vital part of treatment. Family members and loved ones provide much-needed love, support and encouragement during the recovery process.
When the impact of addiction leaves family members with pain, enabling habits or emotional baggage, they need guidance and counseling to sort out their feelings and begin personal healing. The trained and credentialed professionals at HAUS are familiar with this journey and are prepared to offer open communication and support services that address their unique needs and concerns.
HAUS Recovery Family Care & Revitalization Service Offerings
To facilitate family healing and encourage healthy interaction between loved ones and residents, HAUS Recovery offers the following family support and revitalization services:
Weekly family conference call updates
Family coaching to establish healthy boundaries
Resources for programs like AA or NA
Referrals to family therapy or outside case managers
Weekly family visits
Recovery success rates are proven to be higher when family members participate in these support services and accept these HAUS principles and suggestions for finding common ground:
Learn always to be present.
Take one step at a time.
Maintain healthy boundaries.
Support healthy living choices.
Keep a positive outlook.
Share anecdotes & enlightenment about your personal recovery.
Allow your relationship to evolve.
To learn more about our commitment to family recovery, call a HAUS admissions counselor at 888.551.4715 or submit a confidential online inquiry. One step at a time, we are here to accompany you on a journey to self-discovery and long-lasting wellness. | 2024-03-10T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9857 |
Colorful Character
Colorful Character may refer to:
13 Colorful Character (2012), the 13th album by the Japanese girl group Morning Musume
The Colorful Character, a short story by L. Sprague de Camp | 2023-12-01T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2799 |
Multilayer ceramic capacitors consist of a plurality of interleaved and staggered layers of an electrically conductive film of metal (termed "electrode"), formed by the deposition (usually by screen printing or variations thereof) of a thick film paste and electrically insulating layers of a ceramic oxide (termed "dielectric"), formed by laying a cast dielectric tape or by casting a dielectric slurry over the dried electrode. The component is then fired to sinter both the dielectric and electrode into a monolithic and mechanically strong part with desired electrical properties. MLC capacitors are well known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 2,389,420, for example, describes the structure, manufacture and properties of monolithic multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCs).
In order for the capacitor to be joined to other electrical components and circuitry, an electrical connection to the electrodes must be made. This is done by way of what is called the "termination". Terminations are usually formed by applying a thick film paste to the end of the capacitor where the electrodes are exposed, usually by a dipping process or variations thereof, and firing to remove the organic components of the termination paste and to sinter the metal phase of the termination. MLC termination inks are usually dispersions of precious metals in an organic vehicle, with the metals ranging from 1:1 ratios of Pd and Ag, to pure Ag. Ternary terminations comprising Pt/Pd/Ag are also used, as are compositions containing non-precious metals and other combinations of precious metals. The termination also contains finely divided glass particles (termed "frits") which act to promote adhesion of the termination to the dielectric body. Dispersions of crystalline oxides can also be used. Firing of the termination is done to sinter the precious metal powder into a highly conductive solid form and to flow the glass frit to promote adhesion of the termination to the MLC dielectric body. Typical metal concentrations in termination inks range from 60 to 80 weight percent, with the frit comprising 12 to 0% and the organic vehicle comprising the remainder.
Three main kinds of MLC terminations exist. The so called "lead attach" terminations are used for MLCs where wire leads are attached to the termination using soldering and the capacitor is then encapsulated. Lead attach terminations contain mainly silver as the metal phase, with added frits to promote adhesion of the termination to the dielectric body. The so called "hybrid terminations" are usually Pd/Ag in composition, with the Pd:Ag ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:4. These terminations are typically used to attach MLCs to hybrid circuits. The third type of termination, the so called "plateable base" terminations, typically contain only Ag as the metal phase, and are electrochemically plated with a predominantly Ni layer after termination firing. The Ni layer is present to control leaching of the termination metal phase during soldering to prevent solder de-wetting and soldering failure, especially when aggressive soldering processes are used.
Soldering of the termination to outside components and circuitry is done a number of ways. In the past, connection was typically done through wire leads attached to the termination and "lead attach"60 termination compositions were used extensively. The MLC body and part of the leads were encapsulated in a material which protected the part from the environment and helped adhere the leads to the MLC body. Recently, a new means of joining MLC parts to other circuitry termed "surface mounting" has been developed. Using this technique, unencapsulated MLC chips are directly soldered onto printed circuit boards using either reflow or wave soldering techniques. In the reflow technique, an amount of a solder paste is applied to the MLC termination and the printed circuit board. Then the solder is melted by infrared heating, boiling vapor condensation, or laser heating. The other principal technique of soldering is wave soldering. In this method, the MLC is glued to the printed circuit board usually using a heat curable epoxy composition then the printed circuit board is passed through an agitated bath of molten solder at a specified rate.
Wave soldering is the most aggressive soldering technique used in surface mounting. During wave soldering the MLC part is subjected to a rapid increase in temperature due to immersion of the part in the solder wave. In addition, it is also subjected to a rapid cool after leaving the solder wave but the time rate of temperature change during the cooling phase is less than the heating phase. The rapid temperature changes of wave soldering are ameliorated somewhat by the use of pre-heaters which heat the printed circuit board and the components on the board before immersion in the solder wave. But even with preheating, the thermal shock experienced by the parts is severe. The use of wave soldering is particularly stressful to MLC parts due to the rapid and large increase in temperature the part experience.
The seventy of the wave soldering process with MLC parts with terminations plated with Ni is worse yet since solder seems to rapidly wet the Ni plating, causing more rapid heat transfer from the solder to the MLC, and a rapid temperature rise in the interior of the MLC part as the heat of the solder is conducted from the termination through the electrodes.
The combination of wave soldering and Ni-plated Ag-based terminations has given rise to a particularly insidious, widespread and well known problem in the MLC industry termed "thermal shock cracking". The rapid heat transfer from the solder bath to the MLC part during wave soldering of Ni-plated parts causes cracking of the dielectric body which is usually manifested as cracks on the surface of the MLC part which usually intersect the termination. These cracks can cause failure of the MLC parts soon after wave soldering or can cause failures during the service lifetimes of the parts.
This invention deals with a means of reducing or eliminating the incidence of thermal shock cracking of MLC parts through the composition of the termination ink. | 2024-05-18T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2713 |
Early work in acoustic charge transport (ACT) and heterostructure acoustic charge transport (HACT) devices employed simple delay lines in which a single input electrode and a single output electrode were set for some desired time delay.
More complex electrode configurations for more advanced signal processing were contemplated but the art was aware of potential drawbacks. Even though there is no physical transport of electrons from the charge transport layer into the sensing electrodes, there is still potential for modification of the SAW itself and consequent adverse impact on the signals being carried by the electron packets. In particular, a spacing of electrodes at one SAW wavelength would be analogous to a Bragg diffraction grating used in optical devices. The art would expect a considerable amount of reflection of the SAW and other perturbations of the SAW and the electron packets. It would be expected that integral multiples of the SAW wavelength would also give rise to relatively high reflectivity.
Prior work employed electrodes spaced a considerable distance from the surface, which reduced electron perturbation, but decreased the signal coupling to the tap electrodes and decreased the frequency response.
The need for ground electrodes alternating with signal electrodes also was not appreciated by the art. | 2024-01-02T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1716 |
Q:
wp_localize_script -> need to pass "[0,6]" to JS
I am working on a plugin. I use "wp_localize_script" to pass variables to JS. All in all I'm passing 16 variables. All of them work, except one and I need assistance to get it work...
Originally the JS-code-line would look like this:
hiddenDays: [0,6],
If I configure the variable in PHP statically like this, the variable gets passed to JS fine:
$settings = array(
'hiddenDays' => [0,6]
);
wp_localize_script( 'settings', 'js_x_vars' , $settings );
Now I try it somehow like this:
$db_value = "0,6"; // Would originally be retrieved from database
$hiddendays = "[" . $db_value . "]";
$settings = array(
'hiddenDays' => $hiddendays
);
wp_localize_script( 'settings', 'js_x_vars' , $settings );
This doesn't work and I tried a lot of similar variations. I also tried to set the brackets in JS and pass only the numbers ...
In Browser-source I see, that there is a unwanted line-break:
EDIT:
As recommended I have tried now to pass the Array directly like this:
$db_value = "0,6"; // Would originally be retrieved from database
$settings = array(
'hiddenDays' => array($db_value)
);
wp_localize_script( 'settings', 'js_x_vars' , $settings );
This doesn't work either ...
It would be working like this:
'hiddenDays' => array(0,6)
EDIT2:
As recommended I have also tried to pass it as actual Array:
$db_value = "0,6";
$db_value = explode(',', $db_value);
$settings = array(
'hiddenDays' => $db_value
);
This doesn't work either and results in the following:
EDIT3:
My JS Knowledge is very limited and I am not able to debug in JS. I managed to output a console.log(js_x_vars.hiddenDays). I think this could be helpful. Please have a look at the following Image:
How to get around this?
Thank you
A:
I finally figured it out on my own ...
Building the array as recommended with explode:
$db_value = "0,6";
$db_value = explode( ',', $db_value );
The Result of "var_dump( $dbvalue )":
array(2) { [0]=> string(1) "0" [1]=> string(1) "6" }
Now the solution:
$db_value = "0,6";
$db_value = array_map( 'intval', explode( ',', $db_value ) );
The Result of "var_dump( $dbvalue )":
array(2) { [0]=> int(0) [1]=> int(6) }
| 2024-02-01T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7018 |
ASHLEY WILLIAMS | Associate
Phone
Email
Ashley Williams joined the litigation department of the firm as a pupil in August, 2014.
Mr. Williams practices in the areas of civil litigation, including personal injury, insurance disputes, and employment and industrial matters.
Mr. Williams obtained his LLB from the University of the West Indies in 2011 and completed his Legal Education Certificate at the Eugene Dupuch Law School in Nassau. In 2007, Mr. Williams received an Associate’s degree in Law and Criminal Justice from the College of The Bahamas.
Mr. Williams was admitted to the Bar of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas in 2014. | 2024-01-15T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2577 |
Functional interactions between conserved motifs of the hepatitis C virus RNA helicase protein NS3.
The hepatitis C virus NS3 gene encodes a RNA helicase with several sequence motifs conserved among the members of the DExH box protein family. The contributions of the sequence motifs to enzyme activity were assessed in this study by substitution of alanine for the Lys in the ATP binding motif GxGK (referred to as K1236A mutation), or for the Asp in the DExH motif (D1316A), or for the Arg in the middle of the QRxGRxGR motif known for RNA binding (R1490A). Histidine-tagged recombinant proteins of Mr 54,000 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by chromatography on nickel agarose. All three mutants were severely defective in ATPase and RNA helicase activities, but loss of the ATPase activity was not dependent on polynucleotide cofactors. With the exception of R1490A mutant, a stable complex was formed between dsRNA substrates and recombinant proteins, indicating that the arginine-rich motif is required for efficient RNA binding. Complex formation was not affected by omission of ATP or substitution by a non-hydrolyzable analog AMP-PCP, suggesting that neither binding nor hydrolysis of ATP is required for RNA binding. Moreover, the K1236A mutant which was defective in binding ATP exhibited an unusually strong affinity for RNA duplex. These results suggest that the conserved motifs cooperatively constitute a large functional domain rather than act as individual domains with strictly independent functions, and that alteration of one motif affects functions of other motifs in a mutually interactive fashion. | 2023-09-22T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7466 |
This invention relates to a fuel dispensing nozzle, such as may be utilized to dispense a variety of liquid fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, and the like), and particularly to such a fuel dispensing nozzle which automatically shuts off the flow of liquid fuel upon the fuel tank of a vehicle becoming filled. Even more particularly, this invention relates to such a fuel dispensing nozzle which is utilized with a prepay, self-service filling station.
In recent years, there has been a marked trend toward the self-service dispensing of gasoline and other fuel products by the consumer into his vehicle. Several years ago, when self-service service stations came into existence, the service station operator merely permitted the retail customer to dispense the fuel into his vehicle without the aid of a service attendant. The customer would then walk inside the service station, report the amount of fuel purchased, and pay for the fuel. However, in many instances, service station operators found that a certain percentage of their customers would merely drive off after having dispensed the fuel, without paying.
In an effort to thwart such thefts of fuel, so-called "prepay" self-service stations were developed in which the customer first had to approach the service station attendant and prepay for the amount of fuel to be dispensed before the attendant would energize the fuel dispenser. Then, the customer would return to his car, insert the dispensing nozzle in his fuel tank, and dispense the already paid for quantity of fuel. When the predetermined, prepaid amount of fuel had been dispensed, the dispenser would automatically shut off, and the user would replace the dispensing nozzle in its appropriate holder.
However, in certain instances, it has been observed that certain conventional automatic fuel dispensing nozzles do not normally automatically shut off when the prepaid amount of fuel is dispensed and when the dispenser is automatically de-energized thus terminating the flow of fuel. If the customer does not shut off the nozzle but instead hangs it back on the dispenser in the open position, the next customer who prepays for his purchase may find that the dispensing nozzle is still in the open position such that when the dispenser is energized, fuel will be immediately dispensed therefrom, even though the dispenser nozzle is not yet inserted into the customer's tank.
Reference may be made to such U.S. Pat. Nos. as 4,397,447, 4,203,478, 4,199,012, 4,196,759, 4,139,032, 3,877,480, 3,653,415, 3,273,609, 3,196,908, and 3,805,600 for disclosures of automatic shut-off dispensing nozzles having a variety of poppet valve configurations generally in the broad field of this invention. | 2024-07-13T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7395 |
Q:
pass selected option value with an id via URL
I'm new to PHP and I'm trying to pass the value of option value in the select through the URL with the id.But I'm having trouble with implementing the logic to send the option value in the URL itself with the id.I know that I can send the value using POST method. But if I use POST method how can I pass id to the model.
This is the code that contains the select options and the URL that I'm trying to pass the parameters.
<div class="table-responsive" ">
<table class="table">
<thead class="thead-dark">
<tr>
<td>#</td>
<td>Task</td>
<td>Status</td>
<td>Action</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<?php
$data = new tasks();
$set = $data->get();
foreach ($set as $row) {
?>
<tr>
<td><?= $row['id'] ?></td>
<td><?= $row['name'] ?></td>
<td>
<select name="status" id="status">
<option value=""><?= $row['status'] ?></option>
<option value="Completed">Completed</option>
<option value="Currently Working">Currently Working</option>
<option value="Have To Start">Have To Start</option>
</select></td>
<td>
<a href="task.php?status=<?= $row['status'] ?>&id=<?= $row['id'] ?>" type="submit" class="btn btn-update" name="update">Update</a>
<a href="task.php?delete=<?= $row['id'] ?>" type="submit" class="btn btn-delete" name="delete">Remove</a>
</td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>
</tbody>
</table>
Any kind of help would be highly appreciated.
A:
Since in the comment you have mentioned that you are still confused on what exactly you should do, I will explain further.
Since you are trying to change the href based on the option that is selected by the user from the drop down you will need JavaScript instead of PHP, since it's client-side logic.
in your php view file:
foreach ($set as $row) {
?>
<tr>
<td><?= $row['id'] ?></td>
<td><?= $row['name'] ?></td>
<td>
<select name="status" id="status">
<option value=""><?= $row['status'] ?></option>
<option value="Completed">Completed</option>
<option value="Currently Working">Currently Working</option>
<option value="Have To Start">Have To Start</option>
</select></td>
<td>
<a type="submit" onclick="status(<?= $row['id'] ?>)" class="btn btn-update" name="update">Update</a>
<a href="task.php?delete=<?= $row['id'] ?>" type="submit" class="btn btn-delete" name="delete">Remove</a>
</td>
</tr>
<?php } ?>
Here what you should do is call a function that is made in js called status and pass the
$row['id'] since you need the id to update a data set.And then you can handle the logic related to location change and sending status,id in the function
in js:
function status(id) {
var sel = document.getElementById("status");
var text = sel.options[sel.selectedIndex].text;
window.location.href="task.php?update="+text+"&id="+id;
}
Here what you can do is, you can assign the value of status using document.getElementById.And then assign the id and the status value to the URL and redirect to the URL from the function it self.
To read more about getElementById,getElementById you can go to both links that i have mentioned in here.
The getElementById() method returns the element that has the ID attribute with the specified value.
This method is one of the most common methods in the HTML DOM, and is used almost every time you want to manipulate, or get info from, an element on your document.
Returns null if no elements with the specified ID exists.
An ID should be unique within a page. However, if more than one element with the specified ID exists, the getElementById() method returns the first element in the source code.
I hope this will be helpfull.
| 2024-03-29T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7106 |
Q:
can't install XDEBUG on windows?
my php version is PHP Version 5.3.6.
Xdebug setting in php.ini:
[Xdebug]
zend_extension_ts="D:\php\ext\php_xdebug-2.1.2.dll"
xdebug.remote_enable=1
;IP
xdebug.remote_host=127.0.0.1
xdebug.remote_port=9000
xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp
xdebug.auto_trace = On
xdebug.show_exception_trace = On
xdebug.remote_autostart = On
xdebug.collect_vars = On
xdebug.collect_return = On
xdebug.collect_params = On
i have installed PHP 5.3 VC6 (32 bit)/ PHP 5.3 VC9 (32 bit). they are both failed.
when typed "php --ini" on cmd . it shows:
A:
in order to find the correct binary to use, please follow the instructions at http://xdebug.org/find-binary.php
cheers,
Derick
| 2024-06-29T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2223 |
2. Melt chocolate and butter over a bain-marie until smooth. Meanwhile beat the eggs with sugar and salt using a whisk or mixer until thick and light yellow. Add melted chocolate and mix well. Add red food coloring and mix to combine.
3. In a bowl mix flour with cocoa powder and salt and add it gradually to the chocolate mixture. Pour batter into the prepared molds.
4. Bake for 14-16 minutes until the edges are firm and the center is still soft.
5. While the cakes are baking prepare cream cheese frosting if used for decoration. In a bowl add cream cheese and mix until smooth for few seconds. Add powdered sugar and vanilla extract and mix until combined. Add chilled whipping cream and mix until stiff peaks form.
6. Remove the cakes from the oven and let cool slightly for 3-4 minutes. Run a sharp knife completely around the inside edge of the molds and invert onto plates.
7. Decorate as desired, either sprinkle powdered sugar on top or top with cream cheese frosting and fresh raspberries or strawberries. Serve immediately. | 2023-09-08T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4357 |
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
NO. AP-76,317
JERRY DUANE MARTIN, Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
ON DIRECT APPEAL
FROM CAUSE NO. 24,087 IN THE 278TH DISTRICT COURT
WALKER COUNTY
Meyers, J., delivered the opinion of the Court in which Price, Womack,
Johnson, Keasler, Hervey, Cochran, and Alcala, JJ., joined. Keller, P.J.,
concurred.
O P I N I O N
Appellant was convicted in December 2009 of capital murder. Tex. Penal Code
§19.03(a). Pursuant to the jury's answers to the special issues set forth in Texas Code of
Criminal Procedure Article 37.071, sections 2(b) and 2(e), the trial judge sentenced
appellant to death. Article 37.071 §2(g). (1) Direct appeal to this Court is automatic.
Article 37.071 §2(h). After reviewing appellant's twenty points of error, we find them to
be without merit. Consequently, we affirm the trial court's judgment and sentence of
death.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
Appellant was charged with capital murder, specifically, committing murder while
escaping or attempting to escape from a penal institution. Tex. Penal Code
§19.03(a)(4). Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence at both phases of trial.
In reviewing a claim that evidence is legally insufficient to support a judgment,
"the relevant question [on appeal] is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
319 (1979). This standard accounts for the fact finder's duty "to resolve conflicts in the
testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to
ultimate facts." Id. Therefore, in analyzing the legal sufficiency, we will determine
whether the necessary inferences are reasonable based upon the combined and cumulative
force of all the evidence, both direct and circumstantial, when viewed in the light most
favorable to the verdict. Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
Guilt Phase
The evidence at trial established that on September 24, 2007, appellant was an
inmate incarcerated for a felony offense at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
("TDCJ") Wynne Unit located in Huntsville. He and fellow inmate John Falk were
assigned to the same work squad that morning to hoe and aerate the onion patch. The
Wynne Unit onion patch is outside the main perimeter fence of the prison and adjacent to
the City of Huntsville Service Center ("Service Center"). The Service Center was, at that
time, separated from prison property by only a chain-link fence in some portions and a
barbed-wire fence in others.
Four squads had been turned out to work that day, each consisting of twenty
inmates with a single armed guard on horseback. Each guard carried a .357 revolver with
six bullets. An armed supervising sergeant accompanied the squads in the fields. Finally,
a "high rider" also patrolled the squads. The high rider was another guard on horseback
who patrolled outside the prison fence on Service Center property and acted as the "last
line of defense" in the event of an escape attempt. The high rider carried a .357 revolver
with six bullets and a .223 rifle with four rounds. The high rider that day was Officer
Susan Canfield, an experienced rider and guard.
Appellant was part of squad number five, which was assigned to work in the
portion of the onion field closest to the Service Center. Officer Joe Jeffcoat oversaw
appellant's squad. Falk was assigned to the row in their squad's section farthest from the
fence, and appellant voluntarily took the row next to him. Jeffcoat testified that appellant
and Falk were friends and that they usually worked together. He also noted that he had
never had any problems with the pair before that day.
After the squads had been working for a while, appellant approached Jeffcoat
asked him to hold his watch because it had broken. Jeffcoat agreed. When appellant got
about 20 feet from him, Jeffcoat heard something to his left; he turned to see Falk
walking towards him from the other side. When he turned back towards appellant,
appellant was already at Jeffcoat's side reaching for his .357 revolver. Appellant and
Jeffcoat began struggling over the gun, and Jeffcoat yelled for help. Falk then started
shoving Jeffcoat out of his saddle. Appellant was able to get the gun as Jeffcoat came off
his horse on top of him. Jeffcoat began to wrestle with appellant, but Falk came around
and appellant tossed the gun to him. Jeffcoat let go of appellant and started after Falk, but
Falk pointed the gun at him. At this time, Jeffcoat heard his superior, Field Sergeant
Larry Grissom, yell to get down, so he did.
Appellant and Falk then fled through the barbed-wire fence and onto Service
Center property. Grissom and the other guards focused on apprehending Falk because
Falk had the gun. Appellant ran off in another direction. Grissom fired twice at Falk, but
Falk ran behind some equipment. Guards from two of the other squads also fired shots at
Falk but to no avail.
At this point, the high rider, Canfield, engaged in a gun fight with Falk. Canfield
advanced on Falk while firing at him with her revolver. When Canfield expended her
bullets, Falk ran at her as she was trying to remove her rifle from its scabbard. The two
engaged in a struggle for the weapon while Canfield attempted to turn her horse away
from Falk. However, once Falk jabbed his stolen revolver in her ribs, Canfield ceased
struggling and Falk took the rifle. Falk then backed away.
Meanwhile, during the gunfight, appellant ran to a truck parked outside the Service
Center sign shop. Larry Horstman of the City of Huntsville sign shop testified that the
truck was a one-ton, flat-bed pick-up truck with toolboxes on the side. He stated that he
always parked the truck about 10 feet from the sign shop door and left the keys in it.
Jeffcoat testified that he saw the truck parked in the same spot every time he was working
in the onion field.
Appellant got into the truck and sped straight towards Canfield. Horstman
testified that he heard his truck take off "real fast." Other witnesses testified that the
truck was "floorboarded," "going as fast as it could go," "being revved at high rpms,"
leaving acceleration marks as it hit Canfield and her horse just after Falk backed away.
Canfield and the horse went up onto the hood of the truck. Canfield's back and shoulders
hit the windshield and her head struck the roof. Canfield was then launched into the air
and came down on her head, shoulder, and neck. There was no evidence appellant tried
to brake before hitting Canfield or that the truck slid into her and her horse; however, he
did turn toward the Service Center exit while, or immediately after, striking her with the
truck. Witnesses also testified that there was enough room in the Service Center lot that
appellant could have avoided hitting Canfield.
After striking Canfield and her horse, appellant stopped the truck and Falk ran to
the passenger side and got in. Jeffcoat testified that they then "took off as fast as the
truck could go." Jay Miller, a fire hydrant technician with the Service Center, saw
appellant take the truck and managed to follow it as it left the Service Center lot. Miller
called 9-1-1 and remained on the phone during the chase. Miller testified that at one
point the truck's passenger sat up in the windowsill of the truck and pointed a rifle at him.
Miller further testified that the passenger fired at him, but his vehicle was not hit. Miller
continued to chase them on and off the highway until the truck pulled into a parking lot
and the inmates got out and ran into some nearby woods. Miller parked his vehicle to
block the road and then chased the inmates on foot to see if they were going to come out
on the other side of a fence at the bank next door. The police arrived at this time and
Miller directed them towards the bank.
Walker County Deputy Brian Smallwood arrived at the bank to see appellant and
Falk run to a red truck that was in the drive-thru lane. Falk entered through the driver's
door and shoved the female driver over. Appellant, who now had the rifle, jumped into
the bed of the truck. Huntsville Police Sergeant Ron Cleere also observed this and got
out of his vehicle with his gun drawn, but the inmates drove off before he could attempt
to stop them. Cleere fired at the truck's tires seven times hitting one of them, but the
truck did not stop. Both Smallwood and Cleere pursued the red truck.
Falk drove the truck onto the interstate but exited after only 3/4 of a mile. He
pulled onto a grassy field next to some woods because the right front tire was shredded.
Smallwood pulled his car into a ditch 50 yards away from the red truck. Appellant stood
up in the bed of the truck and pointed the rifle at Smallwood. Smallwood heard a shot as
he opened his door. Smallwood fired at appellant as appellant ran into the woods. Cleere
arrived and fired at appellant as well. Falk got out of the truck and also ran for the
woods. Cleere saw appellant again on the edge of the woods, using the base of a tree to
steady the rifle. Cleere went to retrieve his own rifle from his car, but when he returned
he did not see appellant. Appellant then stood up and Cleere fired at him with his rifle,
but appellant got away. When other officers arrived, they set up a perimeter around the
wooded area. The owner of the truck was unharmed.
Huntsville Police Lieutenant Daryl Slaven apprehended Falk behind the Walmart
on the other side of the wooded area. When Falk heard the police car, he stopped and put
his hands in the air. The authorities searched for appellant in the wooded area on
horseback and using dogs. The rifle was found lying in the woods with three rounds still
in it. After approximately two hours, appellant's boots and some clothing were found
hidden in the dirt of a creek bed. Appellant was eventually discovered hiding in a tree
wearing only his underwear.
Dallas County Medical Examiner Tracy Dyer testified that Canfield died from a
significant impact that caused an unsurvivable hinge fracture to her skull which went
from ear to ear. Viewing photos of the damage to truck, Dyer opined that it would have
taken a "significant amount of velocity" for Canfield's body to have caused the dent at
top of the windshield. She noted that Canfield also sustained a depressed skull fracture as
well as external injuries including bruising and lacerations to her head, hands, arms,
trunk, and legs. Veterinarian Richard Posey testified that Canfield's horse had extensive
injuries from a bullet wound, plus trauma to its left hip, scrapes on its hips and hock, and
a swollen joint on its front leg from the impact. The horse had to be put down.
In appellant's first point of error, he complains that the trial court erred in
overruling his motion for a directed verdict on the grounds that the evidence was legally
insufficient to show that Canfield's death occurred while he was escaping. Specifically,
he asserts that Texas Penal Code §19.03(a)(4) incorporates the offense of escape,
pursuant to Texas Penal Code §38.06, and that case law dictates the offense of escape was
complete when he went through the prison fence onto city property. See Lawhorn v.
State, 898 S.W.2d 886, 890 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995); Fitzgerald v. State, 782 S.W.2d 876,
881 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). (2) For the reasons below, we find that the offense of escape
found in Texas Penal Code §38.06 is not incorporated into the capital-murder statute.
The provisions of the Penal Code must be "construed according to the fair import
of their terms, to promote justice and effect the objectives of the code." Tex. Penal
Code §1.05(a). When attempting to discern the collective legislative intent or purpose of
a statute, we focus on the literal text of the statute and attempt to discern a fair and
objective meaning of the statute's text at the time it was enacted. Boykin v. State, 818
S.W.2d 782, 785 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). We focus on the text because it is the only
definitive evidence of the legislators' intent and the Legislature is constitutionally entitled
to expect the judiciary to faithfully follow the specific text that was adopted. Id.
Therefore, if the meaning of the statute, when read using the canons of construction,
should have been plain to the legislators who passed it, then we give effect to that plain
meaning. Id.
Upon examining the language of the capital-murder statute, it is apparent that
when the statute requires proof of a predicate offense, it does so explicitly by using
language that the murder was done "in the course of committing or attempting to commit"
a specific offense. See Tex. Penal Code §19.03(a)(2)(listing "kidnapping, burglary,
robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat
under Section 22.07(a)(1), (3), (4), (5), or (6)" as offenses). All of these predicate
offenses are legislatively defined. See Tex. Penal Code §§20.03 (kidnapping), 30.02
(burglary), 29.02 (robbery), 22.021 (aggravated sexual assault), 28.02 (arson), 36.06
(obstruction or retaliation), 22.07 (terroristic threat). The Legislature could have included
the offense of "escape" in subsection (a)(2), or could have used the language "in the
course of committing or attempting to commit," in subsection (a)(4); however, it did
neither.
Subsection (a)(4) does not speak of "escape" as an offense that must be committed
or attempted, but rather as a factual circumstance to be proven, similar to circumstances
described in other subsections of the capital-murder statute. Compare Tex. Penal Code
§19.03(a)(4) (stating that the State must prove the murder was committed "while escaping
. . . from a penal institution") with Tex. Penal Code §19.03(a)(5)(A) (indicating that the
State must prove the murder was committed "while incarcerated in a penal institution"
against one "who is employed in the operation of the penal institution").
As evidenced by subsection (a)(2), the Legislature clearly knew how to specify
that commission of the offense of escape was a predicate offense for capital murder. The
Legislature's decision not to do so shows that they intended an application of the
common-sense definition of "escaping" rather than the statutory definition of the offense
of "escape." The phrase "while escaping" implies that the Legislature considered escape
to be a process and desired to punish more severely any murder committed during that
process. We read words and phrases in context and construe them according to the rules
of grammar and common usage. Tex. Gov't. Code §311.011(a). According to the rules
of grammar and common usage, the process of escaping is not complete until the inmate
"get[s] away" or is able to "break away, get free, or get clear." Webster's Third New
International Dictionary 774.
Applying the common-sense definition of "escape," we hold that the evidence is
sufficient to show that appellant killed Canfield while escaping from the Wynne Unit.
The facts show that Canfield was the "high rider" - a guard who patrolled just outside the
prison fence. It would have been obvious to the inmates in the squads that, in order to
escape or "get away," they would need to get past the high rider. While appellant was
making his escape with Falk, Canfield was attempting to prevent it. In the course of their
escape, appellant killed Canfield. Although there is a point at which the escape is
concluded under subsection (a)(4), because appellant murdered Canfield while he was in
the literal process of escaping, we need not decide that point in this case.
The trial judge did not err in overruling appellant's motion for a directed verdict.
Point of error one is overruled.
In his second point of error, appellant contends that the evidence is legally
insufficient to show that he intentionally or knowingly caused Canfield's death. In
reviewing the legal sufficiency of appellant's intent to cause death, we note that capital
murder is a result-of-conduct offense. Roberts v. State, 273 S.W.3d 322, 329 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2008). A person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to a result of conduct
when it is his conscious objective or desire to cause the result. Tex. Penal Code
§6.02(a). A person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to a result of his
conduct, when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. Tex.
Penal Code §6.02(b). An accused's intent can be inferred from his acts, words, and
conduct. Dues v. State, 634 S.W.2d 304, 305 (Tex. Crim. App. 1982).
Appellant argues that he neither had a "conscious objective or desire" to cause
Canfield's death nor was he "aware that his conduct was reasonably certain" to cause her
death when the truck he was driving hit her horse. First, appellant contends that the fact
that the horse was not significantly harmed by the truck shows that he did not intend to
kill Canfield. He notes that the veterinarian testified that the horse was put down because
of the gunshot wound and not the truck impact, and asserts that the veterinarian testified
that the horse was not even harmed by the collision. However, the veterinarian, Dr.
Posey, did testify that the horse was harmed by the truck when he noted bruising or
trauma to the horse's left hip and scrapes to its hips and hock, along with a swollen joint
on its front left leg. Posey also testified that it was not unusual for a horse to be able to
walk and have no broken bones after impact by a vehicle.
Next, appellant argues that the horse was turning or circling when he hit it, and
because the damage to the truck was on the right passenger side, he must have been
turning away from the horse when he hit it with the truck. He reasons that this evidence
proves that he attempted to miss the horse because, if he wanted to kill Canfield, he
would not have turned the truck at all. He also notes that he would have killed Falk, if
Falk had not backed away. He contends that the evidence shows that Canfield's death
was clearly just a tragic accident.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence shows that
appellant and Falk worked together to effectuate their escape. Canfield was the only
obstacle to both men getting away. Witnesses testified that once appellant began to drive
the truck, the engine was "wide open," "revved up at high rpms," and "floorboarded," and
it was headed straight toward Canfield. Sergeant John Tucker, a Department of Public
Safety ("DPS") accident reconstructionist, observed tire marks "caused by a vehicle
accelerating into a turn." There was no evidence of braking or swerving near the point of
impact. Further, the evidence showed that there was a clear space of over 40 feet on
either side of Canfield into which appellant could have moved to avoid colliding with her.
When appellant did turn, it was in the direction of the exit. Based upon this evidence, the
jury could reasonably infer that, even if Canfield's horse was turning or circling, appellant
intentionally or knowingly caused Canfield's death. Point of error two is overruled.
Punishment Phase
In point of error three, appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
regarding future dangerousness. See Article 37.071 § 2(b)(1). As with the guilt phase, in
reviewing the sufficiency of the future-dangerousness evidence, we view the evidence in
the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact
could have believed beyond a reasonable doubt that there was a probability that the
defendant would commit criminal acts of violence. Williams v. State, 273 S.W.3d 200,
213 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Banda v. State, 890 S.W.2d 42, 50 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).
A jury is permitted to consider a variety of factors when determining whether a defendant
will pose a continuing threat to society. See Keeton v. State, 724 S.W.2d 58, 61 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1987).
In its determination of the special issues, the jury is entitled to consider all of the
evidence presented at the guilt phase of the trial, in addition to the evidence presented at
the punishment phase. Banda, 890 S.W.2d at 51; Valdez v. State, 776 S.W.2d 162, 166-67 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). In some instances, the circumstances of the offense and the
events surrounding it may alone be sufficient to sustain a "yes" answer to the future-
dangerousness special issue. Banda, 890 S.W.2d at 51; see also Hayes v. State, 85
S.W.3d 809, 814 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). The jury is the exclusive judge of the
credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Colella v. State, 915
S.W.2d 834, 843-44 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995).
The evidence in the instant case revealed that appellant and Falk worked as a team
to escape from the Wynne Unit. While Falk drew fire from the guards, appellant obtained
a truck and then used it to incapacitate Canfield - the last guard impeding the duo's get
away. Appellant and Falk then led the authorities on a car chase, eventually abandoning
the city truck. They then kidnapped a woman and took her vehicle. When that vehicle
was no longer driveable, appellant engaged in a short gunfight with officers before
fleeing on foot and hiding in the woods. This evidence alone supports a finding of future
dangerousness. However, further evidence presented at the punishment phase also
supports this finding.
At the time he killed Canfield, appellant was serving a 50-year sentence for
attempted capital murder, a 40-year sentence for another attempted capital murder, a 10-year sentence for aggravated assault, and a 10-year sentence for failure to appear. The
victims of the attempted capital murders and the aggravated assault were peace officers.
In addition to appellant's prior offenses, the State offered evidence showing that
appellant lacked remorse for the instant offense and felt that his conduct was not only
reasonable but courageous. Two weeks after Canfield's death, appellant sent a letter to
his older brother, John, in which he discussed the instant offense:
Well I'm sure by now that you have heard the news about my escape
from the Wynne farm. I wasn't gone for more than a few hours until I was
recaptured. There was a shootout with the police, a couple of high speed
chaces [sic], and a death. You will never know the resolve, the desperate
courage it took for me to wrestle an armed guard off his horse - and take
his gun away frome [sic] him, while having three other armed guards on
horses shooting at you. One of those three lost there [sic] life, and as a
result I now have to face the death penalty becaus [sic] of it.
I do not expect you to fully understand my reasonings - you would
have to walk a mile in my shoes to understand what drove me to make such
a decision. I exhausted every reasonable means of appealing my case -
through the State - as well as through my own family, you encluded [sic]. I
begged you to speak to Robert Looper & Jimmy Warnell [the officers he
was convicted of attempting to shoot]. For "four" years I have been
reaching out to my family to help - It makes no difference now . . . This is
not something that happen [sic] overnight John . . . surely in your heart you
knew it would someday come down to this - what other choice did I have?
25 years is a long-long time to do brother. I barely had 12 done and the
next thirteen were overwhelming. I did only what was to be reasonably
expected of me to do - win, loose [sic] or draw, I tried for freedom. I lost.
* * *
I am a real outlaw brother. My prison record speaks for its self [sic].
Now I'm gona [sic] die an outlaws [sic] death.
The State also called Stephen Rogers, employed by the TDCJ State Classification
Office, to testify about the classification levels in the Texas prison system and how an
inmate's level is determined. He described the layout, security measures, and privileges
with regard to general population and administrative segregation. He testified that a
person receiving a sentence of life without parole would be assigned to the G-3 general
population classification indefinitely. However, he noted that due to appellant's escape
risk and the fact that he killed a guard, appellant would most likely be assigned to
administrative segregation and could remain there for the duration of his incarceration.
Rogers did note that inmates have committed acts of violence and escaped from
administrative segregation. Texas Special Prosecution Unit Senior Criminal Investigator
A.P. Merillat also testified about the level of security on death row and the newly defined
"High Security" classification. He noted that there were opportunities for inmates to
commit violence in all classification levels, including on death row, against fellow
inmates, guards, chaplains, investigators, visitors, or medical personnel.
Appellant presented the facts of his previous offenses of attempted capital murder
through the testimony of witnesses. On August 15, 1994, police were called to
appellant's mother's home regarding a domestic disturbance with shots fired. When
Deputy R.D. McCommas arrived at the residence, he saw two or three people outside the
home. As he approached, appellant got into a red truck and drove off. The people at the
home confirmed that appellant was the one "causing problems." After determining that
everyone at the house was unharmed, McCommas pursued appellant. McCommas was in
a marked car with the lights and siren activated. Two other county sheriff's cars and a
DPS trooper became involved in the high-speed chase. Appellant was going 60 to 70
mph on a two-lane country road, and he drove through some yards adjacent to homes.
McCommas saw appellant waving a gun through the back window of the truck. The DPS
trooper then took the lead in the chase and radioed that "shots had been fired."
McCommas could see the trooper returning fire.
Appellant eventually turned off the road into a maize field and positioned his truck
so that it to faced back toward the road. Appellant got out of the truck holding a gun to
his head. A stand-off ensued that lasted several hours. Other officers, sharp shooters,
and police negotiators came to the scene, but, per policy, the officers were ordered not to
return fire if appellant fired his weapon.
Deputy Jimmy Warnell, a Collin County Sheriff's negotiator, attempted to get
appellant to surrender and turn over his gun. Warnell spoke with appellant while behind a
bulletproof shield. Appellant threatened to kill Warnell, and did fire a shot in close
proximity to him. Appellant fired other shots, one coming close to McCommas. At one
point, appellant even put the gun into his own mouth. Appellant was eventually arrested,
and no one was harmed.
Following his arrest on August 15, 1994, appellant was released on bond which
was posted by his uncle. However, appellant fled Texas and failed to make his court
appearance. Appellant was arrested in Kansas in 1997 and returned to Texas to face
charges for aggravated assault, two attempted capital murders, and failure to appear.
At punishment, Appellant also presented evidence regarding his childhood and
family. Appellant's brother, John, testified that appellant was the fourth of five children,
having an older sister, two older brothers, and a younger sister. When appellant was
fairly young, their parents got divorced. The children lived with their mother and moved
several times. They did not get to see their father very often due to animosity between the
parents.
Tami, the oldest, joined the Marines when she finished high school. Joey, the
second oldest, began having problems with drugs when he was in his teens and dropped
out of school in the tenth grade. After he quit school, Joey lived "in ditches or in the
woods." When Joey was 18 or 19, he died in a fire. According to John, appellant was a
"happy go lucky kid" prior to Joey's death, but John noticed a difference afterward.
When he was eleven, appellant attempted suicide by shooting himself. When he
was in his early teens, he began using drugs. John testified that appellant "got out of
control with the drugs, and my mom shipped him off to dad." Appellant did not finish
high school. John was aware that appellant was convicted of theft in Dallas County in
1988, and was sentenced to shock probation, and attended boot camp.
John moved to Nevada with his wife in 1990 or 1991 and began working on a
ranch there. Appellant also moved to Nevada and lived with John while working in a
casino as a cook. John noted that appellant still had a problem with drugs and alcohol,
and served jail time in Nevada. Appellant committed the attempted capital-murder
offense within 18 months of returning to Texas. John testified that he never discussed the
1994 incident with appellant, but his mother told him that appellant was threatening
suicide that day and had not threatened her life.
John further testified about appellant's abilities as an artist. TDCJ Captain John
Bolton testified that appellant worked for four or five years on the "paint squad" at the
Polunsky Unit. He confirmed that appellant was a talented artist and that he did some
murals around the prison. He stated that appellant was one of the best painters ever to
work for him.
Appellant's father, Joe Martin, testified that he and appellant's mother never got
appellant the help he needed to deal with his alcohol and drug problems. Joe mistakenly
assumed that the hospital would provide appellant with the help he needed following his
suicide attempt.
Eric Albritton, the appellate counsel for appellant's 1994 convictions, testified that
he believed appellant's trial counsel was ineffective because he did not raise evidence
regarding appellant's mental condition. Albritton believes that appellant was attempting
to commit suicide by provoking the officers that day in the maize field. Albritton
admitted, however, that he lost this argument on both appeal and petition for discretionary
review.
Appellant presented his own prison-classification expert, Frank Aubuchon.
Aubuchon had been the former administrator of unit classification for TDCJ. Aubuchon
detailed the type of restrictions and security present when an inmate is assigned to
administrative segregation. He described the living environment, the restraints used to
transport an inmate assigned to administrative segregation, and the fact that the inmate
would remain handcuffed even during medical visits. Aubuchon opined that appellant
would remain in administrative segregation for the rest of his life if he received a
sentence of life without parole.
Finally, Dr. Roger Saunders, a forensic clinical psychologist, testified that
appellant has major or "severe" depressive disorder that was first evidenced by
appellant's suicide attempt at the age of eleven. Saunders noted that appellant's medical
records also showed that he was diagnosed with bi-polar disorder, mood disorder,
substance-abuse disorder, and dependent personality features. He stated that the
depressive disorder brought on appellant's alcohol and drug problems and probably
caused appellant to quit school. He also testified that a severe depressive disorder can
cause thoughts of doing things that are irrational and irresponsible. However, Saunders
also testified that this depressive disorder is a very treatable illness and that appellant was
receiving treatment while incarcerated. He also confirmed that there was no evidence in
appellant's records that he was experiencing a depressive episode at the time of the
instant capital murder.
Appellant argues that the future-dangerousness evidence should be outweighed by
the mitigating evidence he presented, plus the facts that Canfield's death was actually
more of a vehicular accident than an intentional murder, that he had not actually harmed
anyone during his previous offenses, and that he had a good disciplinary record while
incarcerated. However, while this Court can review the objective evidence of future
dangerousness, we do not review the jury's normative decision on mitigation. Colella,
915 S.W.2d at 845. Nor do we weigh the aggravating versus mitigating factors.
McFarland v. State, 928 S.W.2d 482, 497-98 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). Therefore, we
defer to the jury's conclusion that the mitigating evidence was not sufficient to warrant a
sentence of life imprisonment.
The circumstances of the instant offense suggest that appellant's acts were
calculated and deliberate. Given these facts, plus appellant's written admission that he is
ready and willing to use violence to get out of a lengthy prison sentence and the nature of
his previous offenses, we conclude that a rational jury could find that there is a
probability that appellant will commit criminal acts of violence that constitute a
continuing threat to society. Point of error three is overruled.
JUROR MISCONDUCT
In points of error four, five and ten, appellant focuses on one specific act of
alleged juror misconduct - juror Carrie Doak's negative response to question 79 of the
juror questionnaire regarding whether she, a family member, or friend ever worked for the
prison system, when, in fact, Doak's husband had worked as a guard and been stabbed by
an inmate. Specifically, in point of error four, appellant contends that Doak withheld
material information that denied appellant "his right to intelligently exercise his
challenges resulting in him being denied a fair trial." In point of error five, appellant
contends that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion for new trial
because Doak's alleged "material misrepresentation" on the juror questionnaire "resulted
in the appellant being denied a trial [before] an impartial jury." In point of error ten, he
argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial because Doak
discussed this previously unrevealed information with the rest of the jury, thereby denying
him a fair trial before an impartial jury.
A review of the record shows that, while filling out the juror questionnaire, Doak
answered the following question in the negative:
79. Have you, a family member, or friend ever been employed, served in,
or been a member of, any local, state, federal, or other law
enforcement agency, including, but not limited to, any police
department, any Sheriff's Office, office of any District or County
Attorney, Attorney General's office, or any prison system?
During individual voir dire, appellant did not ask Doak whether she knew anyone who
had ever worked for the prison system. Doak was accepted as a member of the jury. We
note that two other prospective jurors with known connections to the Texas prison system
were accepted as jurors. Juror Jerel Thornhill had formerly worked at the Limestone
County Detention Center. Counsel did not ask him whether he ever encountered violence
during his employment. Juror Brenda Green indicated that, while she and her former
husband were married, he had been a Texas Department of Corrections ("TDC") (3) prison
guard for 20 years, including "working the death chamber." Counsel did not question her
regarding whether her former husband experienced violence on the job. After the trial
concluded, it was learned that Doak's husband had been employed in the Texas prison
system.
Appellant filed a Motion for New Trial alleging in one of his grounds that Doak
had "withheld material information" at voir dire that denied him an impartial jury.
Appellant relied upon the affidavit of juror Lori Ann Jenkins, in which she claimed that
the jury considered outside evidence during punishment deliberations. (4)
Specifically,
Jenkins stated:
Mrs. Doak told the jury about an incident involving her husband. She said
that her husband had worked in the Texas prison system and had been
stabbed by an inmate while employed there. As I recall, she said that her
husband had worked in Administrative Segregation when the stabbing
occurred.
The trial court held an evidentiary hearing on the Motion for New Trial. Nine of
the twelve jurors testified at the hearing as follows:
Monica Cooke: Cooke did not hear Doak have any discussions about a stabbing
incident that involved her husband while he worked in TDC. She
was not aware of any discussions by any members of the jury about
any acts of violence that took place in TDC except those that were
introduced during the trial.
Jerel Thornhill: Thornhill did not hear any discussions about anyone having any
personal experience regarding acts of violence in administrative
segregation or in TDC in general. He specifically testified that he
did not remember any juror discussing his or her knowledge of a
family member or friend being stabbed or subjected to any type of
violence while employed by TDC.
Carrie Doak: Doak testified that her husband had worked in administrative
segregation at the Ferguson Unit. He was stabbed by an inmate once
while on the job. He worked for TDC seventeen years ago, for a
period of only eighteen months. He did not think that the incident
was a "big deal." She did not discuss this at all during deliberations
nor did she hear anyone else discuss it. She noted that the only time
that it came up was "three of us ladies were talking about our
experiences and what our husbands had done," when they were just
getting to know each other during the trial. It was not a long or
detailed conversation. The other ladies were "Connie" and "Peggy."
Jenkins was not part of the conversation, but if Jenkins was around
them where she could hear, it is possible that Jenkins overheard it.
Doak testified that the fact that her husband had been subjected to an
assault in TDC had absolutely no impact on her deliberations.
Regarding the juror questionnaire, Doak testified that her incorrect
response was an accident - she did not mean to answer the question
incorrectly. When filling out the questionnaire, she was in a rush to
get to a doctor's appointment regarding her first grandchild. She did
not even know that she answered it incorrectly until she was
contacted after the trial was over. The questionnaire was 23 pages
and question 79 was long - she is sure that she read the first three
lines and did not see the last three or four words of the paragraph.
Also, the question did not mention TDC. She was shocked that she
was selected for the jury and noted that had she been verbally asked
during voir dire, she would have told them her husband had worked
in the prison system. She stated that she lived in a small town and
the incident was public knowledge. Doak knew half of the jury
"very well," although she did not know Jenkins. She did note that
she and Jenkins had friends in common. Also, when she realized
that some of the other jurors had experience with the prison system -
some up to 30 years and with death row - she thought that it must
not matter.
Brenda Green: Green testified that her former husband worked for TDC and she had
discussed that with counsel during voir dire. During lunch one day,
Doak mentioned that her husband had once worked at TDC and had
been stabbed while working there. The only other person that may
have been privy to the conversation other than herself and Doak was
"whoever was sitting besides us," but she could not remember who
that was. Green testified that the incident was not discussed during
deliberations by anyone, nor does she remember anyone discussing it
at any other time.
Pegene Parker: Parker never heard anyone discuss any specific instances involving
acts of violence regarding their family members or themselves at
TDC.
Matthew Winn: Winn never had any knowledge about Doak's husband being stabbed
while working at TDC.
Thomas Davis: Davis testified that he has known Mr. and Mrs. Doak for a long time.
He knew that Mr. Doak had worked for TDC and had at one time
been the victim of a stabbing. He did not hear anyone discussing this
incident during deliberations. He believes Doak mentioned that her
husband used to work for TDC when the jurors were casually getting
to know one another in the first couple of days the jury was at the
courthouse. He does not recall ever hearing Doak mention that her
husband had been stabbed. He testified that even if someone had
brought up the incident during deliberations it would not have made
a difference because they had the evidence in the case - "paperwork
out in front of us that had stated what all goes on in [prison]."
James Nash: Although Nash was the foreperson of the jury, neither appellant nor
the State questioned him regarding Doak or her husband.
Lori Jenkins: Jenkins stated that Doak mentioned her husband and the stabbing
incident shortly after they were convened as a jury. She stated that
Doak mentioned it over and over and some of the jurors talked about
it a lot. She believed that this also occurred during jury deliberations.
However, she also testified that this information had no influence on
her own vote and she could not say how it influenced others.
In point of error four, appellant contends that Doak purposefully withheld material
information that her husband was employed as a prison guard and was stabbed by an
inmate. Appellant argues that because Doak withheld this material information, he was
denied the opportunity to exercise challenges intelligently, thus hampering his selection of
a disinterested and impartial jury.
We note that both the Sixth Amendment and Article I, Section 10 of the Texas
Constitution provide criminal defendants the right to a trial by an impartial jury. Uranga
v. State, 330 S.W.3d 301, 304 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). The protection under the Texas
constitution is no greater than that offered by the federal constitution. Jones v. State, 982
S.W.2d 386, 391 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998).
This Court has found that "essential to the Sixth Amendment guarantees of the
assistance of counsel and trial before an impartial jury is the right to question specific
veniremembers in order to intelligently exercise peremptory challenges and challenges for
cause." Franklin v. State, 138 S.W.3d 351, 354 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004)(citation omitted).
As well, "where a juror withholds material information during the voir dire process, the
parties are denied the opportunity to exercise their challenges, thus hampering their
selection of a disinterested and impartial jury." Id. However, it must be established that
the juror withheld the information during voir dire and that the information was withheld
despite the defendant's exercise of due diligence. Id. at 355-56; Jones v. State, 596
S.W.2d 134, 137 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980), overruled on other grounds, Sneed v. State, 670
S.W.2d 262, 266 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).
In Gonzales v. State, 3 S.W.3d 915, 916 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999), we specifically
addressed, for the first time, "the extent to which counsel may rely on information
provided in written juror questionnaires." Prior to Gonzales, our cases addressing juror
non-disclosure were limited to the verbal-questioning portion of the voir dire process.
See, e.g., Franklin, 138 S.W.3d at 352; Armstrong v. State, 897 S.W.2d 361, 362 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1995); Jones, 596 S.W.2d at 136. In Gonzales, we considered a line of cases
holding that purportedly material information is not deemed to have been "withheld"
when defense counsel fails to ask sufficient questions during the voir dire process.
Gonzales, 3 S.W.3d at 916. When considering counsel's reliance on particular responses
to a juror questionnaire, we held that "'diligent counsel' will not rely on written
questionnaires to supply any information that counsel deems material." Id. at 917.
As in Gonzales, defense counsel in this case did not ask any oral questions in an
effort to verify whether prospective jurors had any connection to the prison system.
Further, even when a prospective juror answered question 79 in the affirmative, counsel
did not inquire during voir dire whether that person, her relative, or her friend
experienced violence while employed with the prison system. Because counsel did not
follow up on the written questionnaire with more specific verbal questioning, it appears
that counsel did not consider this information to be "material" to the case. We further
note that the information "withheld" by Doak does not rise to the level of information that
we have previously held to be material. See, e.g., Franklin, 138 S.W.3d 351 (after stating
that she knew none of the parties involved in trial, juror informed court that she was the
assistant leader of victim's Girl Scout troop and that her own daughter was also in the
victim's troop); Von January v. State, 576 S.W.2d 43 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978)(juror failed
to disclose that he knew the deceased victim's family although asked directly during voir
dire); Salazar v. State, 562 S.W.2d 480 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978)(in case where defendant
was on trial for exposing genitals to a young girl, juror failed to disclose that he had been
prosecution witness in criminal proceeding where he was eyewitness to sexual assault of
own daughter). As Doak did not withhold material information, point of error four is
overruled.
In point of error five, appellant asserts that the trial court abused its discretion in
denying his motion for new trial because Doak withheld material information that denied
him a trial before an impartial jury. (5) A trial court's ruling denying a defendant's motion
for new trial is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard. Salazar v. State, 38
S.W.3d 141, 148 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). We do not substitute our judgment for that of
the trial court, but simply determine whether the trial court's analysis was arbitrary or
unreasonable. Id.; Lewis v. State, 911 S.W.2d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). The trial
court is the sole judge of the credibility of the testifying jurors. Salazar, 38 S.W.3d at
148. "Where there is conflicting evidence on an issue of fact as to jury misconduct, the
trial judge determines the issue and there is no abuse of discretion in overruling the
motion for new trial." Thomas v. State, 699 S.W.2d 845, 854 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985).
As discussed in point of error four, the information at issue was not material and
appellant did not use due diligence to elicit it. See Franklin, 138 S.W.3d at 355-56.
Therefore, the trial court did not err in overruling the motion for new trial. However,
even assuming arguendo that appellant could show error, he cannot show that he was
harmed.
We do not hold that an appellant is entitled to a reversal of his conviction in
any case in which he discovers that a juror withheld information during voir
dire. Where the information is not material and the juror can state that it
will not affect his deliberation or verdict, an appellant may be unable to
show harm.
Gonzales, 3 S.W.3d at 912 n.2, quoting Salazar v. State, 562 S.W.2d 480, 482 n.5 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1987). Non-constitutional error will be disregarded if it did not affect the
appellant's substantial rights. Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b). (6)
The record here supports a credibility determination that Doak remained an
impartial juror throughout appellant's trial. Doak specifically testified that she was
"absolutely" not influenced in her deliberations by the stabbing incident involving her
husband. Notably, the incident occurred over seventeen years before and, at that time,
Doak's husband did not consider the incident to be a "big deal." Because appellant
cannot show Doak's verdict was affected by her husband's stabbing incident when he was
a guard, point of error five is overruled. (7)
In appellant's tenth point of error, he argues that the trial court erred in overruling
his motion for new trial because Doak discussed the stabbing incident with other jurors,
thereby denying him a fair trial before an impartial jury. He specifically points to the
testimony of Doak and jurors Green, Davis, and Jenkins.
The record shows that Doak's presence on the jury did not unduly influence the
other jurors. Only jurors Green, Davis, and Jenkins testified that they knew or heard any
information regarding Doak's husband. Green and Davis testified that the incident
involving Doak's husband was not discussed during jury deliberations and this was
confirmed by every other juror questioned at the motion for new trial hearing with the
exception of Jenkins. However, even Jenkins could not say that her knowledge of the
stabbing incident influenced her deliberations or the deliberations of the other jurors.
Because appellant cannot show that Doak's presence as a juror denied him his
right to an impartial jury, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying appellant's
motion for a new trial. See Salazar, 38 S.W.3d at 148. Point of error ten is overruled.
JURY CHARGE: GUILT PHASE
In point of error six, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in denying his
requested jury instruction regarding "escape." Specifically, appellant requested that the
jury be instructed that escape is not a continuing offense, that an escape is complete when
the defendant "moves beyond the bounds of his confinement without authority," and that
if the jury had a reasonable doubt that the "escape" was completed before he hit Canfield
with the truck, then it must acquit appellant of capital murder.
Article 36.14 requires a judge to deliver to the jury "a written charge distinctly
setting forth the law applicable to the case." Here, appellant asserts that the law clearly
states that one completes the offense of escape when he crosses the property line of the
prison in which he is confined. Appellant relies upon the holdings in Lawhorn v. State,
898 S.W.2d 886, 890 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995), and Fitzgerald v. State, 782 S.W.2d 876,
881 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990).
As we stated in point of error one, the State did not have to prove the statutory
offense of "escape." See point of error one, supra.; Tex. Penal Code §19.03(a)(4).
Therefore, instructing the jury on the offense of escape as it pertains to the offense of
capital murder would have been error. Further, we note that appellant misconstrues both
Lawhorn and Fitzgerald.
Appellant asserts that both Fitzgerald and Lawhorn hold that the offense of escape
is completed once an inmate moves beyond the actual property line of the prison - in this
case, the fence surrounding the vegetable fields. He relies on the following sentence in
Fitzgerald: "Thus Appellant with his cohorts committed the felony offense of escape by
moving beyond bounds of Beto II Unit without authority, and his offense was complete at
that point." 782 S.W.2d at 879. However, our Fitzgerald holding is limited to the facts
of that case. In Fitzgerald, the defendant and another inmate cut through a perimeter
fence unnoticed sometime before they were discovered missing at 7:00 a.m. Id. at 877
n.3. In Lawhorn, the defendant escaped from a transport van. Officer Waddle, the guard
in the van, attempted to chase him but soon lost sight of him. The defendant was later
spotted by another officer and apprehended. 898 S.W.2d at 888. We held under those
facts that the offense of escape was completed when the defendant left the "state of
detention or restraint by a peace officer" - when the defendant "ran from the van, or at the
very latest, when Waddle gave up the chase and returned to the van containing her other
prisoners." Id. at 890.
"Escape," for the purposes of section 38 of the Penal Code, is defined as an
"unauthorized departure from custody." Tex. Penal Code §38.01(2). We have held that
phrase to mean "the act of leaving a state of detention or restraint by a peace officer and
once the act is done the escape is accomplished." Lawhorn, 898 S.W.2d at 890 (emphasis
added). In Fitzgerald, no guard attempted to prevent the inmates from leaving the prison,
and so their escape was complete when they left the grounds. Fitzgerald did not
contemplate a situation in which the inmates were confronted by guards while leaving the
unit. In Lawhorn, the escape was complete when the defendant got away from the guard
in the van. Therefore, even assuming that these cases defining the offense of escape
under section 38.01(2) have any applicability to appellant's case, they tend to show that
appellant's escape was not complete at the time that he killed Canfield because he had not
left the effective restraint of a peace officer.
The trial court did not err in refusing appellant's requested instruction as it would
have been a misstatement of the law. Point of error six is overruled.
In points seven and eight, appellant contends that the trial court erred by failing to
give a lesser-included offense instruction on escape and by not providing appellant's
proposed instruction on the lesser-included offense of escape in the court's jury charge.
In particular, he claims that escape is a lesser-included offense of capital murder under
section 19.03(a)(4), that he could have just been convicted of escape, as he lacked the
required intent to commit murder, and that his instruction on the lesser-included offense
of escape was proper.
In deciding whether a defendant is entitled to a lesser-included offense charge, we
consider all of the evidence introduced at trial, regardless of its source. Goodwin v. State,
799 S.W.2d 719, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). This Court applies a two-pronged test in
its review. Rousseau v. State, 855 S.W.2d 666, 672-75 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993);
Goodwin, 799 S.W.2d at 740-41. Under the first prong, it must be shown that the lesser-included offense is included within the proof necessary to establish the offense charged.
Id. The second prong then requires some evidence in the record that would have
permitted a rational jury to find the defendant guilty of only the lesser-included offense.
Id. When making the determination of whether an instruction on a lesser-included
offense should have been given, the credibility of the evidence, whether it conflicts with
other evidence or whether it is controverted, may not be considered. Banda v. State, 890
S.W.2d 42, 60 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994).
As held above, the offense of escape is not a lesser-included offense of capital
murder under section 19.03(a)(4) because the legislature was not using the term
"escaping" to refer to the offense of escape; rather, they were using it in its common
usage to describe a process. See point of error one, supra. Because the process of
"escaping" is not an offense in and of itself, it is not within the proof necessary to
establish the charged offense. Therefore, appellant does not meet the first prong of the
test. Rousseau, 855 S.W.2d at 672-75. Accordingly, the trial judge did not err in
overruling appellant's objection that a lesser-included offense instruction should have
been given. For the same reason, the trial judge also did not err in denying the appellant's
proffered lesser-included offense instruction. (8) Points of error seven and eight are
overruled.
PUNISHMENT DELIBERATIONS
In point of error nine, appellant contends that the trial court committed reversible
error by giving the jury a "coercive" instruction during punishment deliberations.
Appellant argues this instruction denied him his right to trial by an impartial jury.
Article 37.071 §2(g) (9) compels the trial court to enter a life sentence if the jury is
unable to answer any special issue. Howard v. State, 941 S.W.2d 102, 121 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1996); Montoya v. State, 810 S.W.2d 160, 166 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). However,
the trial court is not bound to enter a life sentence after the first sign of juror impasse.
Howard, 941 S.W.2d at 121. Rather, the court may do so if it determines, in its
discretion, that the jury has been kept together for such a time as to render it altogether
improbable that it can agree. Id.; see also Article 36.31. When reviewing the trial court's
discretion in this regard, this Court will consider the sheer length of the trial and amount
of evidence presented to the jury. Id.; Green v. State, 840 S.W.2d 394, 407 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1992).
The record shows that the evidence in this case took eleven days to present and
involved 43 different witnesses and 122 admitted exhibits. Following closing arguments
at punishment, the jury was sent to deliberate at 11:09 a.m. At 2:37 p.m., the jury sent out
the charge with an attached note. The jury had answered "yes" to special issue one and
the issue was signed by the foreperson on the verdict form. Special issue two was not
answered, but the accompanying note stated: "On special issue #2 division is 9 no 3 yes.
Guidance?"
Appellant argued that the jury had returned a final verdict because the jury was
complying with the instruction on page four of the punishment charge which reads:
If in considering Special Issue Number 2 the vote of the jurors is not
unanimously "NO" or not at least ten (10) in favor of a "YES", then there
shall be no answer for that Special Issue and the Jury Foreman should not
sign his or her name to any answer form for that Special Issue Number 2.
Therefore, appellant asserted that the trial court must accept this as a final verdict and
impose a life sentence. The trial court overruled the request and gave the jury the
following instruction: "Please continue to follow the court's instructions as contained in
the court's charge and continue to deliberate." Appellant objected that this instruction
was coercive and that the jurors who answered "yes" to the second special issue would be
"bullied" by the other jurors.
At 3:24 p.m., the jury sent out another note regarding evidence of appellant's
mental-health issues. Appellant again reurged his objection and stated that "we feel at
this point that deliberations are now becoming coercive in nature to try to get the three
hold outs to change their verdict in order to give a death sentence to [appellant]." The
State responded that there was no evidence of coercion and that the jury had barely started
deliberating as they had only been out for four hours and this was a long case. The trial
court again overruled appellant's objection, noting that there was nothing before him that
would lead him to the conclusion that "any bullying was going on."
At 4:40 p.m., the jury sent out a third note requesting to have testimony read back
to them. Appellant again reurged his objection which the trial court again denied. The
jury was recessed until the following afternoon at 1:00 p.m., so that the court reporter
could locate the requested testimony and one of the jurors could attend a funeral.
When court reconvened the next afternoon, appellant again urged his objection to
the jury's continued deliberation. The trial court overruled the objection. The jury
returned its verdict at 3:15 p.m., having unanimously answered "yes" to the first special
issue and "no" to the second special issue. The jury was polled, and each juror answered
that this was his or her verdict.
Appellant also raised this issue in his Motion for New Trial. (10)
Appellant attached
an affidavit by juror Jenkins wherein she stated that she and the other two jurors who
originally voted "yes" on the second special issue were harassed and bullied into
changing their answers. She also stated that because the judge sent the case back to them
to continue deliberating, she believed that the jury had to be unanimous on their answer
before a verdict could be reached. She stated that she would not have changed her vote to
"no" had she not believed this.
At the motion for new trial hearing, Nash, the jury's foreman, testified that when
he sent the "9-3" note out, the jury had not yet taken a formal vote on the second special
issue - everyone had just expressed their initial opinions. Nash was merely hoping that
the trial court would tell them to take a break for the rest of the day because it had been a
long trial and everyone was tired. No juror - not even Jenkins - testified to changing his
or her vote because of the trial court's instruction to continue deliberations. (11)
The trial court is not bound to declare a mistrial at the first sign of jury impasse.
Howard, 941 S.W.2d at 121. Here, the jury first asked for guidance from the trial court
when it had deliberated for a period of less than three-and-a-half hours. This trial
involved a great deal of evidence: 43 witnesses and 122 exhibits, presented during eleven
days of guilt and punishment testimony. The jury had obviously finished deliberating on
the first special issue, but there was no indication that they were finished deliberating on
the second special issue. The note did not say the jury was deadlocked but merely stated
that their current "division" was "9 no 3 yes." The fact that the jury asked to see evidence
and have testimony read back is further proof that they had not yet finished deliberating.
The trial court did not err when it instructed the jury to continue deliberations. See id. at
121-22 (trial court did not err giving instruction to continue capital-punishment
deliberations after jury note said they were "deadlocked" at 10-2 after eight hours of
deliberating); Green, 840 S.W.2d at 407 (trial court did not err in instructing jury to
continue deliberations and overruling motion to impose a life sentence after jury sent
"deadlocked" note after six-and-a-half hours of deliberating). Point of error nine is
overruled.
JURY CHARGE: PUNISHMENT PHASE
In point of error eleven, appellant asserts that he was harmed when the trial court
overruled his objection that the punishment charge failed to instruct the jury that
"probability" meant "more likely than not." In point of error twelve, he argues that he
was harmed when the trial court overruled his objection that the charge failed to define
the phrase, "reduce moral blameworthiness." In point of error thirteen, appellant claims
that he was harmed when the trial court overruled his objection that the charge failed to
instruct the jury that "society" meant "society in prison," and not the free world.
We have previously decided these issues adversely to appellant. See Saldano v.
State, 232 S.W.3d 77, 107 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)("probability"); Druery v. State, 225
S.W.3d 491, 509 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)("probability," "moral blameworthiness");
Hunter v. State, 243 S.W.3d 664, 672 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) ("society"); Blue v. State,
125 S.W.3d 491, 504-05 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003)("probability," "moral
blameworthiness," "society"). Appellant provides no argument or authority to persuade
us to revisit these issues. Points of error eleven, twelve, and thirteen are overruled.
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE TEXAS DEATH PENALTY In points of error fourteen and fifteen, appellant argues that the Texas capital-sentencing scheme is unconstitutional because it fails to assign a burden of proof on the
mitigation special issue and that the trial court erred in rejecting his request for an
instruction assigning the burden to the State. We have previously rejected these
arguments. See Blue, 125 S.W.3d at 500-01; Druery, 225 S.W.3d at 509. Further, this
Court has held that the mitigation special issue is a defensive issue for which the State has
no burden of proof. Williams v. State, 273 S.W.3d 200, 221-22 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).
Points of error fourteen and fifteen are overruled.
In point of error sixteen, appellant posits that the mitigation issue is
unconstitutional because meaningful appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence is
impossible. We have previously rejected the claim that the issue violates the constitution
because it deprives a defendant of "meaningful appellate review." Russeau v. State, 171
S.W.3d 871, 886 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Prystash v. State, 3 S.W.3d 522, 535-36 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1999); Green v. State, 934 S.W.2d 92, 106-07 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996);
McFarland v. State, 928 S.W.2d 482, 498-99 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). Point of error
sixteen is overruled.
In appellant's seventeenth and eighteenth points of error, he argues that the "12-10
rule" of Article 37.071, which requires at least ten votes for the jury to return a negative
answer to the first special issue and at least ten votes for the jury to return an affirmative
answer to the second special issue, violates the Eighth Amendment to the United States
Constitution. We have repeatedly rejected identical claims. Russeau, 171 S.W.3d at 886;
Lawton v. State, 913 S.W.2d 542, 558-59 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). In point of error
nineteen, appellant further posits that the "12-10 rule" violates his Sixth Amendment right
to an impartial jury. Appellant presents no argument or authority applying the Sixth
Amendment to this provision of Article 37.071; therefore, this issue is inadequately
briefed. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(I). Points of error seventeen, eighteen, and nineteen are
overruled.
Finally, in his twentieth point of error, appellant contends that Article 37.071
violates the Eighth Amendment because it fails to require that jurors be informed that a
single holdout juror on any special issue will result in an automatic life sentence. We
have previously decided this issue adversely to appellant. Russeau, 171 S.W.3d at 886;
Shannon v. State, 942 S.W.2d 591, 600-01 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Lawton, 913 S.W.2d
at 559. Point of error twenty is overruled.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
DELIVERED: October 31, 2012
DO NOT PUBLISH
1. Unless otherwise indicated all references to Articles refer to the Code of Criminal
Procedure.
2. See discussion of Lawhorn and Fitzgerald in point of error six, infra.
3. TDC was later renamed the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
4. Texas Rule of Evidence Rule 606(b) states that a juror may not testify or make
an affidavit about any matter or statement occurring during deliberations or the effects of
anything on any juror's mind as influencing the verdict with two exceptions: (1)
"whether any outside influence was improperly brought to bear upon any juror," or (2) "to
rebut a claim that the juror was not qualified to serve." In points of error four, five, nine,
and ten, appellant relies upon an affidavit and testimony obtained during the hearing on
the Motion for New Trial that implicate Rule 606(b). Neither party objected to the use of
this evidence.
We express no opinion as to whether the admittance of this evidence was proper;
however, as no objections were lodged, the testimony and affidavits of the jurors are
available for our consideration in determining whether reversible error occurred. See
Salazar v. State, 38 S.W.3d 141, 147 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); see also McQuarrie v.
State, No. PD-0803-11, slip op. at 9-18, ___ S.W.3d ___ (Tex. Crim. App. Oct. 10, 2012).
5. For the first time on appeal, appellant claims that Doak also withheld information
regarding whether any member of her family had ever been the victim of a crime (Question 66 on
the juror questionnaire) because a stabbing is a criminal offense. Appellant has not preserved
this claim for appellate review. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a).
6. Cf. Franklin, 138 S.W.3d at 354-58 (harm will be reviewed under Texas Rule of
Appellate Procedure 44.2(a) for constitutional error where information withheld is material and
counsel was diligent in trying to elicit the information).
7. At the end of his argument, appellant briefly asserts that Doak was guilty of "corrupt
conduct" by withholding material information on her questionnaire and cites to Texas Rule of
Appellate Procedure 21.3(d). Nowhere in his argument does appellant address how a juror's act
of non-disclosure could amount to "corrupt conduct" within the meaning of Rule 21.3(d).
Without more, we will not evaluate this line of appellant's argument. See Tex. R. App. P.
38.1(I).
8. Appellant argues that escape must be a lesser-included offense of capital murder
because the trial court included the statutory definition of escape in the charge. However, the
statutory definition was not applicable to the capital-murder charge but to the lesser-included
"murder in the course of another offense" charge that appellant also received. Appellant received
the following lesser-included offense charges: murder in the course of the commission of another
offense (Tex. Penal Code §19.02(b)(3)), aggravated assault (Tex. Penal Code §22.02(a)),
manslaughter (Tex. Penal Code §19.04), and criminally negligent homicide (Tex. Penal Code
§19.05).
9. Formerly codified as Article 37.071 §2(e). Howard discusses the former codification of
the article which is substantively the same.
10. We express no opinion as to whether the admittance of this evidence was
proper; however, as no objections were lodged, the testimony and affidavits of the jurors
are available for our consideration in determining whether reversible error occurred. See
Salazar v. State, 38 S.W.3d 141, 147 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); see also McQuarrie v.
State, No. PD-0803-11, slip op. at 9-18, ___ S.W.3d ___ (Tex. Crim. App. Oct. 10, 2012).
11. Appellant contends that several jurors testified at the motion for new trial hearing that
they thought that they were "coerced" into believing that the verdict had to be "unanimous" or
they "all had to agree" either 12-0 or 10-2, because the trial court instructed them to continue
deliberating. However, we have reviewed the record and we do not find that any juror, including
Jenkins, testified as such.
| 2023-10-30T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5078 |
The makeup of the proposed congressional commission was a slap at the White House, which has appointed a separate seven-person commission that has been widely criticized for lacking expertise in oil and gas drilling.
The commission measure - sponsored by Rep. Bill Cassidy, R-La. - was added by the House Natural Resources Committee to a broader bill that would dramatically overhaul the way the government regulates drilling on federal lands and waters.
The legislation - the Consolidated Land, Energy and Aquatic Resources (CLEAR) Act - aims to respond to the April 20 Deepwater Horizon disaster by creating stricter safety and fee requirements for companies seeking drilling permits.
The bill would:
Require companies to pay cash royalties for oil and gas and abolish the royalty-in-kind program for oil revenues, a measure already taken by Interior Department Secretary Ken Salazar.
Bar the Interior Department from granting safety exemptions.
Bar companies from taking advantage of a program that canceled royalty payments for oil and gas produced in some deep-water wells. If they want to bid on new leases, they have to renegotiate their original lease and start paying royalties on those.
Impose fees on existing leases to support environmental conservation programs.
Make drilling companies with a record of safety violations ineligible for new drilling permits. Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., sponsor of that proposal, cited BP, which he said "had an egregious safety record - a fatal safety record."
Rep. Nick Rahall, D-W.V., the bill's sponsor and the panel chairman, said: "The event which took place April 20 does not change the need for these reforms; in fact, it makes the need even more pressing."
House leaders are expected to wrap this bill into a larger energy package that will likely be introduced later this month. A separate House panel is expected to vote on a bill today that would require drilling operators to demonstrate the ability to clean up a spill should emergency equipment, such as the blowout preventer, fail.
Rahall's bill dovetails with Salazar's plan to carve up the federal regulatory agency previously known as the Minerals Management Service , which is tasked with overseeing drilling on public lands.
On Wednesday, the administration's plan to overhaul the agency moved a step forward, as Salazar began reviewing a detailed plan to divide the service into three separate bureaus.
The goal of the overhaul - which Salazar said could begin Oct. 1 - is to separate the agency's sometimes-competing missions of collecting drilling revenues, policing the industry and leasing federal property for oil and gas production. Under the administration's revamp plan, those roles would be spread across three separate bureaus. A separate investigations and review unit would be charged with looking into allegations of misconduct.
chelsea.hackney@chron.com | 2024-07-04T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3168 |
In the first season of "She’s Gotta Have It," DeWanda Wise contends with the patriarchal lens as the fiercely confident and independent Nola Darling.
As an artist, she stands up against rampant street harassment in her groundbreaking piece, “My Name Isn’t.” She also reclaims control over her body and voice when she sits down each of her male jump-offs (Lyriq Bent, Cleo Anthony and Anthony Ramos). Nola lets them know that despite the fact that she has sex with them, they do not own her and don’t even really know who she is. She has sexual agency, something that is woefully lacking on screen when it comes to black female characters. (“It’s only like us and 'Insecure,'” Wise tells NBCBLK.)
But in season two, premiering May 24 on Netflix, Nola struggles to hold on to her identity in the midst of much change. She’s in a monogamous relationship with girlfriend Opal (Ilfenesh Hadera), is becoming a maternal figure to Opal’s daughter Skyler (Indigo Hubbard-Salk), and is considering what it means for her artwork to be commercialized in her increasingly gentrified Brooklyn neighborhood.
DeWanda Wise and Cleo Anthony in "She's Gotta Have It" on Netflix. David Lee / Netflix
Grappling with new things that challenge her identity and assurance — such as how she wants her art consumed and by whom, being in a relationship with a single mother and finding art inspiration in Puerto Rico and on Martha’s Vineyard — is all part of Nola’s maturation in season two. Her evolution compelled Wise to reflect on her own journey.
“That was super tactile and familiar for me,” Wise says. “As artists grow and evolve, so does everything else in their lives. Their friendships and relationships change. I think as strong and confrontational to the status quo as Nola was, there’s something to be said about her at least giving some things a chance. [But] there is a real fear of influence and letting go of control.”
That anxiety rings true for the actress as well, who works hard to curate an image of herself that is not dictated by Hollywood standards for black women.
“I made a choice years ago to gravitate toward women characters who could be cast aside or deemed difficult,” Wise shares. “Everyone wants a wholesome Clair Huxtable type. In my opinion, we have been marred with a responsibility of representation. It’s the racial burden of upward black mobility.”
“So, I very intentionally decided to go, as I call it, the 'Rihanna path.' Because she came onto the scene and was disruptive. She made people uncomfortable. I chased that because I felt like there was more work and grit and interesting nuance there.”
Wise makes a conscious decision to work with people who support that mission and don’t stifle her as an artist. It’s what’s led her to characters such as Nola, the authoritative space flight commander Alexa Brandt on "The Twilight Zone" and the commitment-phobic lesbian Erin in "Someone Great."
“Now that there are more options, I am less likely to walk into a scenario where I know my voice won’t be heard or respected, or where a certain creator is trash,” she says, of working with potential collaborators. “I am not going to be in a situation if I know it’s not going to be advantageous or it’s hypocritical to who I am as a human.”
It’s also important for Wise to be part of a project in which female characters have real confrontations with each other and themselves that aren’t always reliant on men.
We saw that in season one of "She’s Gotta Have It" when Nola tries to discourage Shemekka (Chyna Layne) from getting butt implants. We see it in season two, as well, when Nola’s corporate friend Clorinda (Margot Bingham) wants her to accept an opportunity to turn “My Name Isn’t” into an ad that could make her look like a sellout to her fans.
DeWanda Wise and Margot Bingham in "She's Gotta Have It" on Netflix. David Lee / Netflix
“As women, there are elements of season two that we wanted to make sure we got right," Wise said. "We really worked hard to get to the heart of what’s at stake and what nerves are hit [between the characters]. Margot and I really wanted to make sure that it wasn’t about Mars [Ramos]. It didn’t have to be. There’s enough conflict between friends that they don’t have to create [something else].”
Having open and honest conversations is just one part of Nola’s self-actualization this season. Another aspect, which speaks to Wise’s own journey, is understanding how the image she projects connects with who she actually is.
“I found it fascinating because I have a reputation for being a pretty confident person,” Wise said. “Part of that is just ‘fake it til you make it,’ as my mom always used to say. I spent a good portion of my 20s moving into what I liked about myself and making sure those weren’t things that I would like for the next 10 years but not the next 50.”
“So self-love for me, as well as Nola, has to do with negotiating who I am in my life and in my art and making sure that the Sasha Fierce voice I am putting out into the world is consistent with my actual human voice, and that I remain as authentic as possible so that I can continue to allow that to transfer into my work,” she said.
Follow NBCBLK on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram | 2023-11-12T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7305 |
// This file is part of Indico.
// Copyright (C) 2002 - 2020 CERN
//
// Indico is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the MIT License; see the
// LICENSE file for more details.
import manageTagsURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.manage_tags';
import dashboardURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.dashboard';
import editableTypeURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.manage_editable_type';
import editableListURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.manage_editable_type_list';
import manageFileTypesURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.manage_file_types';
import manageReviewConditionsURL from 'indico-url:event_editing.manage_review_conditions';
import React from 'react';
import {BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch} from 'react-router-dom';
import {routerPathFromFlask} from 'indico/react/util/routing';
import EditingManagementDashboard from './EditingManagementDashboard';
import EditingTagManagement from './tags';
import {
EditableTypeDashboard,
FileTypeManagement,
ReviewConditionsManagement,
EditableList,
} from './editable_type';
export default function EditingManagement() {
return (
<Router>
<Switch>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(dashboardURL, ['confId'])}
component={EditingManagementDashboard}
/>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(manageTagsURL, ['confId'])}
component={EditingTagManagement}
/>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(editableTypeURL, ['confId', 'type'])}
component={EditableTypeDashboard}
/>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(manageFileTypesURL, ['confId', 'type'])}
component={FileTypeManagement}
/>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(manageReviewConditionsURL, ['confId', 'type'])}
component={ReviewConditionsManagement}
/>
<Route
exact
path={routerPathFromFlask(editableListURL, ['confId', 'type'])}
component={EditableList}
/>
</Switch>
</Router>
);
}
| 2024-02-21T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5526 |
Q:
Magento EE 1.11 - Customer Attributes Not Visible
Our client wants to add an 'Industry' dropdown to customer registration. We have created a new customer attribute, 'industry' and entered in the appropriate values.
It was not showing on the front-end. I looked into customer/form/register.phtml and it wasn't calling anything for attributes, so I pulled from enterprise/default/template/customer/form/register.phtml the following:
<?php $customerAttributes = $this->getChild('customer_form_user_attributes');?>
<?php if ($customerAttributes): ?>
<?php $customerAttributes->setShowContainer(false);?>
<?php $this->restoreSessionData($customerAttributes->getForm());?>
<?php echo $customerAttributes->toHtml()?>
<?php endif;?>
And then I added in the .xml update found in 'enterprise/layout/customer.xml':
<remove name="right"/>
<remove name="left"/>
<reference name="root">
<action method="setTemplate"><template>page/1column.phtml</template></action>
</reference>
<block type="page/html_wrapper" name="customer.form.register.fields.before" translate="label">
<label>Form Fields Before</label>
<!--action method="setMayBeInvisible"><value>1</value></action-->
<action method="setElementClass"><value>rewards</value></action>
</block>
<block type="enterprise_customer/form" template="customer/form/userattributes.phtml" name="customer_form_user_attributes">
<action method="setFormCode"><code>customer_account_create</code></action>
<action method="setEntityModelClass"><code>customer/customer</code></action>
</block>
<block type="enterprise_customer/form" template="customer/form/userattributes.phtml" name="customer_form_address_user_attributes">
<action method="setFormCode"><code>customer_register_address</code></action>
<action method="setEntityModelClass"><code>customer/address</code></action>
</block>
<reference name="content">
<block type="customer/form_register" name="customer_form_register" template="customer/form/register.phtml">
<action method="append"><block>customer.form.register.fields.before</block> <alias>form_fields_before</alias></action>
<action method="append"><block>customer_form_user_attributes</block> </action>
<action method="append"> <block>customer_form_address_user_attributes</block></action>
</block>
</reference>
<update handle="customer_form_template_handle"/>
At this point, the attributes are not visible on the front-end. If I perform:
<pre>
<?php print_r($customerAttributes->getUserDefinedAttributes()) ?>
</pre>
I am returned the array of attributes as I would expect. What am I missing here?
A:
Found it. Needed this stuff in customer.xml. For some reason using the enterprise/default customer.xml wasn't working, but I added this in and it was good.
<customer_form_template_handle>
<reference name="content">
<block name="customer_form_template" type="enterprise_customer/form_template">
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>text</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_text</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/text.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>textarea</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_textarea</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/textarea.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>multiline</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_multiline</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/multiline.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>date</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_date</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/date.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>select</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_select</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/select.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>multiselect</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_multiselect</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/multiselect.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>boolean</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_boolean</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/boolean.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>file</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_file</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/file.phtml</template>
</action>
<action method="addRenderer">
<type>image</type>
<renderer_block>enterprise_customer/form_renderer_image</renderer_block>
<template>customer/form/renderer/image.phtml</template>
</action>
</block>
</reference>
</customer_form_template_handle>
| 2024-04-22T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7793 |
The Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) Lee Jong-Wook said on November 6th 2005 that the H5N1 avian influenza virus was spreading fast. "We have been experiencing the relentless spread of avian flu. Migratory birds, as they move around the world to seasonal breeding and feeding grounds, are infecting domestic poultry flocks around the world." He said it was only a matter of time before an avian flu virus, most likely H5N1, acquired the ability to be transmitted from human to human.
David Nabarro Bird Flu chief at the UN / WHO, declared in October 2005 that a human pandemic of bird flu can no longer be prevented, even though the first human to human case has yet to be verified.
However the REAL issue is not whether bird flu will jump successfully into humans in an infectious form, but how long it will be before we see a global pandemic of a mutant flu - from whatever origin - birds, pigs or whatever, combined with human flu genes. Since such mutations occur at least once a year, WHO believes it can only be a matter of a decade or two before this happens.
This WHO prediction on bird flu in 2005 is based on the fact that the world has lost control of bird flu. Every time a human catches the infection from close contact with such a bird there is a small risk that the virus will mutate - if the person is already infected with ordinary human flu.
The US has committed $7bn to help prepare the country for what is being increasingly seen by the government as an inevitable major flu pandemic with high mortality - whether from a bird flu mutation or a totally new new viral type. "The only question is when."
US worst-case estimate is anywhere between 200,000 and 1.9 million deaths with 92 million others becoming ill. The government annnounced in early December 2005 that they had modelled a theoretical outbreak of human to human bird flu in Thailand, which produced an estimate of up to 722,000 cases just 6 weeks later across America, rising to 92 million cases just 10 weeks after that. Clearly spread at such speed would overwhelm health care systems, and would happen too fast for vaccines to be prepared and given.
A moderately severe pandemic on the scale of the 1968 pandemic, adjusted for the growth in US population, would cost the US economy $180bn not including business disruption.
The UK government has declared bird flu as public health enemy number 1. It has given a commitment to try and vaccinate the entire population of the country against the new human variant once one emerges, even though spread of such a virus could occur months before vaccinations are manufactured and given.
The World Health Organisation has warned repeatedly of significant risks to global health from new mutant viruses - of which HIV, SARS virus and Bird Flu virus are three of many examples we have seen. I have also warned about these risks since 1987, in most presentations to corporations and also in the books Futurewise (1998/2003) and The Truth about AIDS (1987/2004).
Just one of these is the form of Bird Flu caused by virus H5N1. In mid April 2005 the Viet Nam Ministry of Health reported to WHO that 41 cases from 18 cities and provinces had been detected in since mid-December 2004. Of these cases, 16 had died and six remained under treatment. By October 17th 2005 there had been 117 human cases of which 60 had died. By mid December 2005 the numbers reported had risen to around 150 of which half had died, with growing concerns about the possibility of many other missed cases.
Human bird flu is usually only suspected when someone has a severe, unexplained flu-like illness, in an area where birds are dying rapidly. Mild cases are inevitably going to be missed, unless we start testing groups of other people for antibodies to bird flu. And outbreaks among birds can also be missed or go unreported, as was the case for more than 8 weeks in parts of Ukraine through the Autumn.
Possible Economic Impact of Bird Flu Mutation
A human influenza pandemic could cost the world's richest nations $550 billion, according to the World Bank (Report November 6th 2005).
Previous studies on flu pandemics have suggested any new outbreak could kill between 100,000 and 200,000 people in the United States alone, which could translate into economic losses for the country of between $100 billion and $200 billion. This estimate includes 700,000 or more hospital admissions, up to 40 million outpatient visits and 50 million additional illnesses. However, as we have seen above, the worst-case US government estimate is of up to 1.9 million deaths..
The World Bank has extrapolated from the US figure based on only 100,000 to 200,000 deaths, to all high-income countries, with a present-value total loss of $550 billion. The loss for the world would be significantly larger, because of the impact in the developing world.
The Asian Development Bank warned that the economic damage in the East Asia region from a pandemic could be as high as $282bn (£158bn), assuming 20% of the region's population falls ill.
A two percent loss of global gross domestic product during a pandemic -- like that caused by SARS in East Asia during the second quarter of 2003 -- would represent about $200 billion in losses in one quarter or $800 billion in a year.
The US. government has published its own report on the possible impact of bird flu mutations on the US economy. The health costs alone of a moderately bad pandemic, not including disruption to the economy, are estimated to be $181 billion. This figure describes a pandemic similar to that of 1968, which killed about 34,000 Americans, a figure close to the annual average of flu deaths now in a larger U.S. population. Yet the 1918 pandemic killed 500,000 Americans. Economic disruption, through travel limitations and a sharp rise in sick days, would be enormous. The US report predicts that a worst-case avian flu pandemic could kill from 209,000 to 1.9 million Americans. Outside estimates of a global toll have ranged as high as 50 million or 60 million.
Our world is very open to disruption by lethal mutant viruses because we still have no antiviral drugs that are as effective as penicillin and other antibiotics against bacteria.
The economic impact of an uncontrolled pandemic could be devastating to the global economy as a whole, if death rates are high, and the effects could last more than a year. Some kinds of business such as conferencing and tourism could be severely affected in some parts of the world at an early stage.
Impact is likely to be greatest on all activities which cause people to gather together, on travel and tourism, but also on parts of the food and manufacturing industries as well as other business sectors. It all depends on how many cases there are of a human form of the infection, where they are, what the death rate is and how infectious it seems to be, and what the public reaction is.
Some countries such as America have already indicated that they may close borders if a dangerous super-flu pandemic seems to be starting.
As we saw with SARS, there would only need to be a few thousand cases with a 10% mortality (bird flu at present kills 50% who get it) to cause major business and leisure disruption in different parts of the world. The cost to the regional economy of Sars was been estimated to be many billions of dollars. Despite this, in early November 2005 markets had yet to price Bird Flu risk into their forecasts and risk assessments.
The greatest factor is likely to be emotional: worries, uncertainty, fear, loss of confidence, with postponement of expenditure until the situation is more certain.
The British government by October 2005 was working on the basis of a million infections in the UK with 50,000 deaths - four times the normal annual death toll from flu - but with a contingency plan in case the death toll was more than ten times as high.
So long as business and consumers believe that a pandemic is just a worse version of the usual flu epidemic, it is likely that impact will be relatively small in the short term. However, playing down the risk could contribute to loss of control by making it difficult to justify radical control measures.
Government leaders may be faced with difficult choices: give clear, strong warnings and get effective control, at the risk of worrying millions of people and wrecking some industries - or play down the threat and just hope for the best.
If death rates are high in the first few thousands infected, it is likely that members of the public will start to change behaviour regardless of what governments say, and leaders may come under huge pressure to implement emergency measures such as closure of schools in some areas, and restriction of all unnecessary travel. Some scenarios could include closure of some airports. Indeed, Reuters has reported that the Chinese government will close all borders if there are proven cases of person to person spread in China.
We could see some control measures introduced because of the need to reassure public opinion even where experts believe such measures will have little or zero effect. Air travel is a good example. In 1918 some 300-400 million became infected in a few months without a single aircraft being involved. A country could try to seal all borders and still find it has a major epidemic - perhaps from unrecognised infection that has already arrived, or from unpreventable movements of people. We can expect vigorous debate about what is appropriate to do.
With every week that passes, our world becomes slightly better defended, as governments refine their infection control plans, stockpiles grow of antivirals, more aggressive efforts are made to slaughter infected birds, and more bird handlers are vaccinated against ordinary flu (to reduce risk of getting both infections and triggering mutations).
If (or when) the human mutation occurs, it will be vital so slow down spread for as long as possible in the early stages, so that the virus can be analysed, treatments tested, and vaccine production started on a massive scale. | 2023-12-16T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8241 |
INTRODUCTION
============
Ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms rarely occur, but once they develop, the overall mortality is so high that the number of deaths caused by these ruptures is not trivial. The incidence of this condition has been estimated as only five per 100,000 \[[@b1-kjtcv-49-073]\], but it has been reported to cause 179 per 100,000 deaths \[[@b2-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Approximately 30% of thoracic aortic ruptures have been reported to be localized in the descending aorta \[[@b1-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with or without a hybrid procedure is a particularly attractive therapeutic option for ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (rDTAA). Favorable results have been reported in many cases of the total or hybrid endovascular management of intact DTAA over the more than 20 years that have passed since the first report of a successful early outcome of TEVAR for DTAA \[[@b3-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Moreover, the current literature has shown that the early morbidity and mortality associated with this condition can be improved with endovascular repair rather than traditional open repair \[[@b4-kjtcv-49-073]--[@b6-kjtcv-49-073]\]. However, the currently available data are limited to a small series of cases involving TEVAR performed to treat rDTAA, so the outcomes cannot be considered conclusive. In the present study, we evaluated the early clinical results of patients with rDTAA managed with TEVAR performed at a single center, with the expectation that our results will contribute to the further elucidation of the outcomes of endovascular repair as a treatment for this rare but life-threatening condition.
METHODS
=======
The study protocol was reviewed by the institutional review board of SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center in Korea (IRB approval number: 26-2015-135) and was approved as a minimal-risk retrospective study that did not require informed patient consent.
1) Patients
-----------
From October 2010 to September 2015, 42 patients underwent TEVAR with or without a hybrid procedure for various aortic pathologies at our institution. Among them, seven patients suffered a thoracic aortic rupture. The most frequent cause of the rupture was DTAA, which developed in the five patients who were the subjects of this study. The other two patients, who experienced a blunt traumatic aortic injury and a pseudoaneurysm that developed at the proximal anastomosis site of a previously performed thoracoabdominal aortic repair, respectively, were excluded. Since TEVAR was first introduced for the management of rDTAA at our institution in May 2012, the procedure has been a first-line treatment modality for rDTAA. Rupture was defined as the presence of extravasation around the aorta that manifested as hemoptysis, hemothorax, and/or mediastinal hematoma on computed tomography (CT) imaging. The presence of only a contained mediastinal hematoma was defined as a contained rupture.
2) Endovascular techniques
--------------------------
We routinely performed CT angiography to assess the anatomical suitability of TEVAR. All endovascular repairs were performed under general anesthesia and guided by a vascular C-arm in the operating room. Although we usually considered spinal drainage before TEVAR when it was necessary for the coverage length of the aorta to exceed 200 mm, allowing the distal end of the endograft to reach the celiac axis, no patients in this study underwent preemptive spinal drainage. For access, an inguinal oblique incision was made, and purse string sutures were placed at the common femoral artery to control bleeding at the puncture site. We used a single stent graft brand, SEAL Thoracic Stent Graft (S&G Biotech Inc., Seongnam, Korea), which was made of nitinol wire and polyester fabric. The diameter of the stent graft was 20% larger than the proximal and distal landing zones of the native aorta. If the diameter difference between the proximal and distal landing zones was relatively large, we chose a tapered stent graft. The length of the landing zone had to be at least 15 mm to avoid endoleak and graft migration. When it was necessary to expand the landing zone, we performed a preemptive right common carotid artery (RCCA) to left common carotid artery (LCCA) bypass and/or a LCCA to left subclavian artery (LSA) bypass. During emergency operations, we usually first covered the LSA ostium to obtain a more proximal landing zone and then evaluated the necessity of LSA revascularization. Accurate deployment and endoleaks were assessed by completion angiography, and we defined the absence of type I or III endoleak as procedural success. All patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following TEVAR for postoperative care. CT angiography was routinely performed in all patients before discharge.
3) Follow-up and statistics
---------------------------
We reviewed patients' electronic medical records and, if necessary, interviewed patients or their families by phone. No patient was lost to follow-up. Routine follow-up CT angiography was conducted six months after discharge and then annually. However, in patients who exhibited untreated endoleak, CT angiography was conducted monthly. We investigated late mortality and aortic events, such as aortic re-intervention, re-rupture, newly appeared endoleak, and retrograde aortic dissection. Since our study included only five participants, the clinical data are shown as either frequencies or mean±standard deviation.
RESULTS
=======
1) Characteristics of patients and operations
---------------------------------------------
During the study period, five patients underwent endovascular repair with TEVAR for rDTAA. The characteristics of the patients are summarized in [Table 1](#t1-kjtcv-49-073){ref-type="table"}. The mean age was 72.4±5.1 years, and all the patients were male. Most patients had hypertension (n=4) and at least stage 2 chronic kidney disease (n=3). None of the patients were diabetic. The mean diameter of the DTAA was 62.7±18.4 mm. Hemoptysis and hemothorax were present in three (60%) and two (40%) patients, respectively. The maximum diameter of the aortic aneurysm was 62.7±18.4 mm. Hypovolemic shock was observed in three patients who underwent emergency surgery. Hybrid TEVAR was performed in three patients: an emergency RCCA to LCCA bypass with double ligation of the proximal LCCA followed by zone 1 deployment of the stent graft ([Fig. 1](#f1-kjtcv-49-073){ref-type="fig"}); a double transposition procedure (transposition of the LCCA onto the innominate artery, along with transposition of the LSA onto the transposed LCCA) under hemisternotomy followed by zone 1 deployment of the stent graft; and a left carotid to LSA bypass with an 8-mm Dacron graft followed by zone 2 deployment of a stent graft. The other two rDTAA patients were treated by isolated TEVAR. One of them suffered retroesophageal hematoma caused by a delayed type III endoleak that developed two years after combined TEVAR and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The other patient suffered a distal DTAA.
The mean operation time was 269.8±72.3 minutes. One patient who was treated with emergency isolated TEVAR to address a distal DTAA rupture experienced an access problem. His bilateral common iliac arteries were so narrowed that the stent graft device could not be advanced through them. However, there was not enough time for surgical exposure of the iliac artery and anastomosis for the access conduit; therefore, we dilated the right iliac artery with a 7-mm balloon catheter to successfully deliver the stent graft. The total length of aortic coverage was 186.0±49.2 mm. Revascularization of the LSA was performed in 66.7% of the patients who underwent LSA coverage ([Table 2](#t2-kjtcv-49-073){ref-type="table"}).
2) Early outcomes
-----------------
[Table 3](#t3-kjtcv-49-073){ref-type="table"} shows the postoperative morbidity and early mortality outcomes in this study. Stroke, delirium, and atrial fibrillation were each diagnosed in one patient. Paraplegia did not occur. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in one patient who presented with a tension hemothorax preoperatively. Technical success was achieved in four patients (80%). A single case of type I endoleak was found on completion angiography, but the endoleak was so faint that we decided to wait and observe subsequent developments without any further adjunctive procedures, with the expectation that the endoleak would disappear. However, postoperative CT angiography revealed a persistent endoleak, and it was addressed by a successful reintervention before discharge. Another endoleak was thought to be type III. In fact, this endoleak was not observed on completion angiography but was instead identified on CT angiography performed at a later point. This endoleak was considered recurrent because the rupture was associated with a delayed type III endoleak, which developed two years after a combined TEVAR and EVAR procedure. No 30-day mortality was observed. The average length of the ICU stay was 2.7±1.2 days, while the mean hospital stay was 11.8±11.1 days.
3) Late outcomes
----------------
During the mean follow-up period of 16.8±14.8 months, none of the patients developed a new endoleak, but two patients (40%) died, including the patient who had suffered the recurrent endoleak. When he visited our outpatient department after discharge, reintervention was strongly recommended, but was rejected by the patient. Approximately 3.5 months following discharge, he presented to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. We assumed that the cause of the cardiac arrest was a rerupture associated with the persistent endoleak. The other patient died seven months after discharge and had undergone successful endovascular repair without postoperative complications except for transient atrial fibrillation. He rejected a six-month follow-up via CT angiography. The cause of his late death was not able to be determined in a phone interview.
DISCUSSION
==========
We described and evaluated the outcomes of five cases of the endovascular repair of rDTAA, which is a quite rare and life-threatening condition. All patients who underwent TEVAR survived and were discharged, but two patients died within a year thereafter. In one case, persistent type III endoleak resulted in early rerupture of the DTAA.
Few data are available regarding the overall prognosis of rDTAA. Johansson et al. \[[@b1-kjtcv-49-073]\] reported that 54% of patients with ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm died within six hours after the onset of their symptoms, and only 41% of patients were alive upon arrival to the hospital arrival. The overall mortality rate was more than 95%, and in their series, 30% of patients had an rDTAA.
The conventional open repair of rDTAA has been associated with high mortality rates, ranging from 22% to 45% \[[@b7-kjtcv-49-073]--[@b11-kjtcv-49-073]\]. According to a recently published United States population-based analysis \[[@b11-kjtcv-49-073]\], TEVAR rates for rDTAA increased steeply from 0.1 per million in 2005 to 0.7 per million in 2008, while open repair rates were stagnant during the same period. The operative mortality rate was more than 50% in 1998 but significantly decreased to 23.4% in 2008 due to the introduction of endovascular repair (odds ratio, 0.41; p=0.001). TEVAR with or without a hybrid debranching procedure can offer prompt sealing of the rupture site to prevent hypovolemic shock and avoid aortic cross-clamping and thoracotomy. These advantages over open repair may play an important role in the recently published improved results. Jonker et al. \[[@b4-kjtcv-49-073]\] identified 224 patients with rDTAA through a systemic review of all studies and databases published since 1995 and found that TEVAR was associated with a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate in comparison with open repair (19% versus 33%; odds ratio, 2.15). This result agreed with the outcomes of a multicenter study that included 87 patients from seven referral centers. Hypovolemic shock was present in 21.8% of the patients, and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.4%. In a small but recent series that included 23 patients, 21.7% were in shock before surgery, and the 30-day mortality rate was greatly reduced to 4.3%; however, the in-hospital mortality rate was 21.7% \[[@b6-kjtcv-49-073]\].
The clinical presentation has been found to be closely related to the prognosis of the endovascular repair of rDTAA. Hypovolemic shock and hemothorax have been reported to be strong predictors of early mortality \[[@b5-kjtcv-49-073],[@b6-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Hypovolemic shock at presentation indicates that excessive blood loss can result in systemic hypoperfusion with ischemic multi-organ injuries. In our study, all patients with hemothorax (n=2) were in hypovolemic shock, and one of them, who presented with tension hemothorax, suffered postoperative ARDS despite complete intrathoracic decompression via thoracic drainage. Tension hemothorax and tension hemomediastinum can cause ventilatory failure and secondary esophageal necrosis, which is thought to be caused by an acutely elevated intrathoracic or mediastinal pressure \[[@b6-kjtcv-49-073],[@b12-kjtcv-49-073],[@b13-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Of the three patients who presented with hemoptysis in this study, one patient suffered from postoperative delirium and transient atrial fibrillation. In addition, three patients complained of hoarseness before descending thoracic aortic rupture. We think that hoarseness may be a risk factor for aortic rupture, though little is known about the association between hoarseness and rDTAA. No paraplegia was observed, but one stroke occurred postoperatively due to interruption of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Although stroke developed in the patient who underwent covering of the LSA with a stent graft without revascularization, the association between PICA-related stroke and simple occlusion of the LSA is not clear \[[@b14-kjtcv-49-073]\]. In practice, it is not easy to routinely revascularize the LSA when emergency or urgent TEVAR is required for life-threatening rDTAA. Therefore, revascularization should be performed on an individualized basis for this subset of patients who require coverage of the LSA \[[@b15-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Based upon limited data, the incidence rates of paraplegia after the endovascular repair of rDTAA have been reported to range from 3.1% to 8.7%. The incidence rates of periprocedural stroke have been reported to range from 4.1% to 26.1% \[[@b4-kjtcv-49-073]--[@b6-kjtcv-49-073]\]. These results are encouraging, considering that the incidence rates of paraplegia and stroke after open repair have been reported to be as high as 12.5% and 25%, respectively \[[@b8-kjtcv-49-073],[@b16-kjtcv-49-073]\].
However, the current evidence supporting the superiority of TEVAR is too limited to recommend choosing endovascular management as the first line of therapy for rDTAA, as it is based on small case series. In addition, endovascular management has inherent problems that should be addressed during follow-up, including endoleak, endograft infection with or without fistula, and retrograde aortic dissection. In this study, one case of type I endoleak, which was found during completion angiography, was addressed with early reintervention, while another case of type III endoleak, belatedly found upon CT angiography, led to a late death. In reality, urgent or emergency situations caused by rDTAA may not allow for the optimal selection of a stent-graft device because the large amount of blood loss may reduce the aortic diameter; even though the aortic sizing may be accurate, an adequately sized endograft may not be immediately available. Therefore, the rate of endograft-related complications tends to increase in patients with rDTAA. A recent meta-analysis found the rates of endoleak and endograft-related complications to be 63% and 59%, respectively. At some point during follow-up, a type I endoleak developed in 10% of patients, and 4.6% of the patients with available follow-up data died of endograft-related complications \[[@b4-kjtcv-49-073]\]. Early outcome results of a smaller series of rDTAA patients likewise showed high rates of endoleak of approximately 18% \[[@b5-kjtcv-49-073],[@b6-kjtcv-49-073]\].
In conclusion, the rare cases of rDTAA that have been repaired using endovascular techniques showed favorable early mortality and morbidity outcomes. However, endograft-related complications, such as endoleaks, should be addressed in the early stage of follow-up. Although the endovascular repair of rDTAA in our study was successful, and no complications were observed, continued surveillance of these patients is imperative.
This study was supported by a Grant of the Samsung Vein Clinic Network (Daejeon, Anyang, Cheongju, Cheonan; Fund No. KTCS04-044).
This article was presented at the 2015 Hybrid Aortic Live Symposium, H-ALIVE.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
{#f1-kjtcv-49-073}
######
Preoperative baseline characteristics and clinical presentation (N=5)
Characteristic Value
---------------------------------------- -----------
Age (yr) 72.4±5.1
Male 5
Comorbidities
Hypertension 4
Hyperlipidemia 1
Diabetes mellitus 0
Smoking 2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1
Coronary artery disease 1
Cerebrovascular accident 1
Chronic kidney disease (\>2) 3
Stage 2 1
Stage 3 1
Stage 4 0
Stage 5 1
Prior cardiac surgery 0
Prior aortic intervention 1
Presentation
Hoarseness 3
Hemoptysis 3
Hemomediastinum 0
Hemothorax 2
Associated dissection 0
Hypovolemic shock 3
Aneurysm diameter (mm) 62.7±18.4
Saccular aneurysm 1
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number.
######
Characteristics of the operations (N=5)
Characteristics of the operations Value
---------------------------------------- ------------
Operation time (min) 269.8±72.3
Access problem 1
Graft brand
S&G 5
Maximum graft diameter (mm) 42.0±6.1
Total graft length (mm) 186.0±49.2
Hybrid procedure 3
Coverage of the left subclavian artery 3
With revascularization 2
Coverage of the common carotid artery 2
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number.
######
Early outcomes of the endovascular repair of ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms
Outcomes Value
-------------------------------- -----------
Deployment success 4
Stroke 1
Delirium 1
Paraplegia 0
Cardiac complications 1
Pulmonary complications 1
Acute kidney injury 0
Reoperation for bleeding 0
Endoleak 2
Aortic dissection 0
Reintervention 1
30-Day mortality 0
Intensive care unit stay (day) 2.7±1.2
Hospital stay (day) 11.8±11.1
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number.
| 2024-04-30T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9540 |
Q:
Extending (alternative to) the repository desing pattern?
I am working on a project in ASP.NET MVC. I want to create an abstraction layer between the data access layer and the business logic layer of an application. I have been working with Repository and Unit of work. To review, in this pattern a general repository and a number of specific repositories is being created. The problem I have faced in this project is that I need method of some specific repository in another repository. For example, I have a Product and Subproduct repository. I want to use Subproduct methods inside Product methods instead of rewriting LINQ Queries for Subproduct every time. Is there any way to extend the functionaltiy of repository design pattern, or I have to use another design pattern?
public class ProductSubcategoryRepository : Repository<ProductSubcategory>, IProductSubcategoryRepository
{
public ProductSubcategoryRepository(DbContext context) : base(context)
{
}
public IEnumerable<ProductSubcategory> CheckSomeCondition()
{
// LINQ to check some condition based on product subcategory
}
}
public class ProductCategoryRepository : Repository<ProductCategory>, IProductCategoryRepository
{
public ProductCategoryRepository(DbContext context) : base(context)
{
}
public IEnumerable<ProductCategory> GetProductCategoriesBeforeDate()
{
// Repeated LINQ to check some condition based on product subcategory
// (I am looking for a way to call the same method of ProductSubCategory calss)
// LINQ To return List of product category if the previous query is true
}
}
A:
You already said in your question that you have Business Logic Layer in place. That is the best place to manage this stuff.
So, you do not call one repository in other. Instead, you call two repositories in one method from BLL to achieve the target. Hopefully, your UoW is exposed to BLL. That way, under same scope of UoW, you execute both the actions.
This is not only limited to Getting the records. This can be further extended to Get-Modify-Update or whatever.
I am not sure what your CheckSomeCondition does. It it is just a Predicate then that is fine. If it is part of some business logic, better way is to shift it to BLL as I stated above.
| 2024-03-30T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5756 |
(function(angular) {
'use strict';
angular.module('linagora.esn.contact')
.factory('MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider', MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider);
function MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider(
$log,
PageAggregatorService,
AddressBookPaginationProvider,
ContactVirtualAddressBookPaginationProvider,
ContactShellComparator,
DEFAULT_ADDRESSBOOK_AGGREGATOR_NAME,
CONTACT_LIST_PAGE_SIZE,
CONTACT_ADDRESSBOOK_TYPES
) {
function MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider(options) {
this.options = options;
this.addressbooks = this.options.addressbooks;
this.compare = this.options.compare || ContactShellComparator.byDisplayName;
if (!this.options.addressbooks || this.options.addressbooks.length === 0) {
throw new Error('options.addressbooks array is required');
}
var self = this;
this.id = options.id || DEFAULT_ADDRESSBOOK_AGGREGATOR_NAME;
this.providers = this.addressbooks.map(function(addressbook) {
var PaginationProvider = addressbook.type && addressbook.type === CONTACT_ADDRESSBOOK_TYPES.virtual ? ContactVirtualAddressBookPaginationProvider : AddressBookPaginationProvider;
return new PaginationProvider({addressbooks: [addressbook], user: self.options.user});
});
this.aggregator = new PageAggregatorService(this.id, this.providers, {
compare: this.compare,
results_per_page: CONTACT_LIST_PAGE_SIZE
});
}
MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider.prototype.loadNextItems = function() {
$log.debug('Loading next items on aggregator');
return this.aggregator.loadNextItems();
};
return MultipleAddressBookPaginationProvider;
}
})(angular);
| 2023-08-06T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6110 |
Q:
Following swagger specifications, how can I define json of nested objects to yaml?
I am having a problem in defining the array of objects in swagger yaml. Swagger editor is giving an error everytime I try to define the type: array part of the yaml. I defined it, but it is not right as it is giving an error.
Following is the json I am trying to define in swagger yaml.
{
"CountryCombo": {
"options": {
"option": [{
"id": "GB",
"value": "GB Great Britain"
}, {
"id": "US",
"value": "US United States"
}, {
"id": "AD",
"value": "AD Andorra, Principality of"
}]
}
}
}
I defined this json into swagger yaml like this but it is giving an error:
CountryCombo:
type: object
properties:
options:
type: object
properties:
option:
type: array
items:
- id:
type: string
description: GB
value:
type: string
description: GB Great Britain
- id:
type: string
description: US
value:
type: string
description: US United States
- id:
type: string
description: AD
value:
type: string
description: AD Andorra, Principality of
Can anyone suggest me how would I define this json in yaml following swagger specifications?
A:
In a schema, you don't want to have the values, only the description of the values.
CountryCombo:
type: object
properties:
options:
type: object
properties:
option:
type: array
items:
type: object
properties:
id:
type: string
value:
type: string
A:
The above answer is also right but I already implemented this in my yaml. I found that I can also define array by creating another definition.
CountryCombo:
type: object
properties:
options:
type: object
properties:
option:
type: array
items:
$ref: '#/definitions/Country_row'
Country_row:
type: object
properties:
id:
type: string
value:
type: string
| 2024-07-17T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5683 |
Get over 50 fonts, text formatting, optional watermarks and NO adverts! Get your free account now!
Dog catches juvenile mouse. Gently carries it around until we rescue it and put it outside. - cat kills the mouse and brings it back inside.
Check out all our blank memes | 2024-04-15T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4438 |
In September 2018, a lab-based study published in Nature Biotechnology confirmed what many had long believed possible. The experiment involved cages of a few hundred mosquitoes, free to fly around and reproduce—but with a twist.
Half of the male mosquitoes had their genomes modified using CRISPR-Cas9. The genome modification made little visible difference to the males, but it rendered female mosquitoes infertile. Thanks to a technique known as a gene drive, the researchers were able to force this characteristic to be inherited by the offspring from the modified males. Within around ten generations, the gene drive had spread to the entire population; and, with all the females now infertile, “complete population suppression” followed. The mosquitoes in the cage were extinct.
Prior to CRISPR, genetically modified plants or animals would struggle to impose their modifications on a “wild” population in this way. As only one of the two chromosomes is modified, and each parent contributes one copy of the chromosome each to the offspring, the offspring has a 50 percent chance of inheriting an ordinary mutation.
In gene drives, the modified chromosome includes a string of CRISPR and guide RNA that shows the Cas9 protein where to cut. When it encounters an unmodified chromosome, it cuts the DNA around the modification. The cell then “repairs” the DNA by copying from the modified chromosome, including the gene drive itself. In this way, the gene drive ensures that it spreads into both chromosomes of any affected individual, and is passed onto any offspring they may have, efficiently spreading throughout the population.
Mosquitoes and Morality
If the human race has a consistent enemy—a recurring, principal antagonist—it is malaria. Despite a huge campaign to reduce the spread of the disease and the development of effective treatments, it still kills around half a million people every year, predominantly children under five years old, who are most vulnerable. With gene drive techniques, we could—perhaps rapidly and inexpensively—wipe out malaria’s hosts for good, and consign it to the list of eradicated diseases along with smallpox.
A gene drive could also entail releasing genetically modified creatures en masse to sterilize and drive to extinction a species humans find inconvenient. And, if the technology can be used to wipe out mosquitoes, is there anything that could stop someone from attempting to wipe out the bumblebees instead?
These were just a tiny subset of the moral and ethical challenges faced by the United Nations’ Convention on Biological Diversity, which met last November in Egypt. There had already been vocal calls from some NGOs for a moratorium or complete ban on gene drives, including the ETC Group, which has raised concerns ranging from possible unintended consequences to misuse by big businesses or the military. The ETC Group has a long history of opposing what they see as misguided techno-fixes to societal and environmental problems, such as geoengineering.
The Challenges of Regulation
Large international organizations like the UN may prove to be humanity’s best—or only—tool for regulating these kinds of technologies, which could be unilaterally deployed by a single nation or organization but with global consequences. Yet they can also be unwieldy and slow to respond—more so even than national governments, as international consensus is required.
The pace of change of technology makes this difficult. In 2014, when the twelfth meeting of the Conference on Biodiversity (COP12) was held, gene drives that used CRISPR were largely hypothetical technologies that had not been demonstrated. A preliminary effort to ban gene drives at COP13 in 2016, at least until international rules governing their use had been established, was unsuccessful.
Since then, after only one UN meeting that really considered gene drives, they have already been deployed in the field. Oxitec, a British start-up that has received backing from the Gates Foundation, released its gene drive mosquitoes into the wild in Brazil last year, after several months of trials in the Cayman Islands had already drastically reduced local populations there. New Zealand’s effort to eradicate invasive species will likely involve gene drives in some form.
The very nature of gene drives, designed to force their genetically-modified characteristics into a population, could make their effects difficult or impossible to reverse. Weighing this potentially irreversible ecosystem modification against the potential to save the lives of thousands of children is not the kind of decision you want to make in a hurry—especially not with new information about the possible efficacy of gene drives being published all the time. Natural genetic variations could predominate over the gene drive; some species may be naturally resistant to the technique.
Nor is there any consensus about the type of gene drive that should be deployed. Wiping out mosquitoes entirely may seem drastic; some have sought to develop mosquitoes that are immune to malaria, although there are concerns that new strains of malaria may be able to adapt to this, leading us back to square one. Mosquitoes are also building up resistance to traditional insecticides used on mosquito nets. If natural selection is the enemy of attempts to eradicate malaria, might “unnatural selection” be the solution?
Targeting Malaria
Target Malaria is one of the groups developing technologies that aim to reduce mosquito populations. There are more than 3,500 species of mosquito, but only a very small fraction carry diseases such as malaria; consequently, Target Malaria is currently targeting only three species: Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis.
“So far there’s no evidence really that seems to show that Anopheles gambiae is a key species in the ecosystem,” Jonathan Kayondo, a member of Target Malaria’s scientific team, told Joss Fong of Vox. “There’s nothing that exclusively feeds on it. So I’m finding it hard to see how that would collapse the ecosystem.”
Target Malaria is acutely aware of the potential social and political issues associated with their work. After all, Western scientists are aiming to modify natural ecosystems in Africa, where malaria causes the most deaths in children. They might engineer cautiously, to minimize the risks of unintended consequences; but it is crucial that the population who stand to gain or lose the most from these experiments are the ones who make the decision. Their aim to phase in deployment of mosquitoes in Burkina Faso as early as 2024 is a delicate and fascinating project.
Many residents are keen to wipe out the hated disease once and for all; Dr Abdoulaye Diabaté, a pioneering entomologist from Burkina Faso, notes that “Most of us have been personally affected by the disease.” Explaining the nature of the technique and working alongside those who would be affected by it must remain crucial parts of their mission, particularly when previous GM crops that Monsanto attempted to sell to Burkina Faso resulted in a backlash as the quality of yield declined.
Cautious Progress
Unlike the recent experiment to genetically modify babies with CRISPR, which was roundly condemned by most scientists and ethicists, many scientists believe the potential benefits of gene drives justify further research at this stage.
Faced with these tricky decisions, COP14 in Egypt delivered a balanced verdict. Stopping short of an outright ban, they instead asked governments only to consider the use of gene drives under a limited range of circumstances. Scientists should carry out a full and thorough risk assessment of their actions, and attempt to minimize unintended consequences as far as possible—and they should seek to obtain prior and informed consent of the local communities that might be affected. They also stressed that further research into unintended consequences is needed.
This language was vague enough for both sides to declare victory. ETC Group, who had pushed for a ban, approved of the requirement to obtain consent from local populations before gene drives are used; they have a lever to try to persuade governments not to approve of the technology.
Target Malaria noted that “It ensures that research on gene drive applications, including potential experimental releases, can be pursued.” Delphine Theizy, head of stakeholder engagement, noted to Nature that “For our work, it won’t change anything.”
Taking a position at the extreme ends of this debate is easy; you can accuse your opponents of recklessly playing God, or callously refusing to use technologies that might save thousands of lives. What is more difficult is to attempt to make an informed, practical decision based on reason, and allowing for uncertainty.
The UN’s verdict on gene drives attempts to walk that tightrope of cautious progress, as decision-makers must surrounding dozens of emerging technologies. The debate isn’t going anywhere, nor are the technologies. It’s up to us to listen carefully to both sides, get informed, and make these decisions.
Image Credit: GrAl / Shutterstock.com | 2024-03-10T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7782 |
New house on an old hill
by little red pen
We’re two weeks into our new house, and it feels so very right. We looked for a long time, prowling Port like stray cats, hunting for a place to rest our heads. Then my sister said that she’d seen this place in the Valley and liked it; we had a free Saturday so we went along to an open home, and a week later we’d bought it.
It’s a light, simple house — a villa, but not the fussy sort — with a clean-limbed garden and views over the Botanic Gardens and the city to the sea. The people we bought it from lived here for 42 years and cared for it well: everything works and there’s good shelving and storage. And, more importantly, it has heart. It has been easy to make a home here.
One of the unexpected joys of this place is that I’ve realised — as we arrange furniture and rediscover our belongings after three years — that I have old roots on this hill. My grandparents ran a nursery a couple of blocks along the road and their rhododendrons are planted on the hill behind the Catholic church at the bottom of the street. My Dad grew up on the other side of the Gardens, and our friends live all around — along the Valley, up the street, on the hill facing us. I walked up and down the Valley through much of my student life, and I’ve drunk, eaten, bought groceries, had my hair cut, and browsed bookshops in the Gardens village.
I love the spine of the Valley, these ribcage hills. I’m ready to settle here. | 2024-03-07T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3919 |
Profits flat at Carreras but rebound coming, says CEO
Year-end profits at tobacco marketing company Carreras Limited were flat despite a mild uptick in revenues up to March 2019.
The company made $3.5 billion in net profit, but that was down by $56.8 million or 1.6 per cent relative to the 2018 period.
Revenue grew modestly by 2.8 per cent or $356 million to $12.9 billion, which Managing Director Marcus Steele attributed to a recovery in sales volume.
“Whilst we had a slight recovery in that there were increased volumes, there was no price increase so the better revenues was driven by the volumes,” he told the Financial Gleaner.
He cited the reorganisation and upgrading of the sales force and a change in distribution tactics as drivers of the numbers.
“We looked at the organisational design of the sales team. We also looked at our route structure so as to increase our direct sales and that took a bit of investment, but the benefit of that you will see in this year,” Steele said.
“It’s not that we hired more people but we reorganised with a higher grade of persons as we focused on different competences in serving the market,” he added.
Carreras’ cost of sales at $6.47 billion carved out half of its revenues. Additional investments in advertising and marketing added to expenses, as did security costs.
“We invested behind the brands, Craven A and Matterhorn. There was a nine per cent increase in those expenses. We found that we had to do more with our customers to reinforce the brand value proposition,” Steele said.
Meanwhile, “Because of the high increase in crime, we had to reorganise the routes to avoid certain areas. This also meant that we had to put more security around our personnel on the road,” he added.
For the current year, Steele says the current quarter, which ends this month, is also showing benefits from the reorganisation of the sales force and distribution routes.
“Obviously, the quarter is still running so we wouldn’t be in a position to give a notion or a magnitude for this,” he said. | 2023-08-12T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6669 |
This invention relates generally to the field of stackable laundry appliances and more particularly to providing a non-removable sliding access door for the top cover assembly of the washing machine. The access door of the washing machine is positionable beneath the cabinet of the dryer by sliding the access door in guideways associated with the top cover of the washing machine.
Prior stacked laundry pairs have typically shown a dryer mounted at approximately eye level above a washing machine with the dryer cabinet located so that the washing machine access door can be hinged at the rear and pivoted upwardly and rearwardly beneath the dryer cabinet. In some stacked pairs such as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,545,235, the dryer is mounted directly to the top cover across the rear of the washing machine and the lower portion of the dryer cabinet tapers rearwardly to provide sufficient space for opening a hinged access door.
Allman, in U.S. Pat. No. 1,979,361, shows a horizontal axis washing machine having a cylindrical fabric container. An arcuate cover is slidably arranged between flanges attached to the body of the container. Gaskets are provided for forming a water tight seal between the cover and the container.
Dunn, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,732,700, discloses a wringer washing machine having a removable sliding lid or tray for covering the tub opening during washing. The lid has a downwardly turned lip or flange around its periphery and slides on a shouldered portion of the tub sides. Each side of the lid has a pair of rubber pads for preventing scratching or rattling as the lid slides upon the shouldered portion of the tub sides.
The prior art in the area of sliding access doors for laundry equipment has previously been limited to water sealing, arcuately shaped doors for horizontal axis machines or to a removable sliding lid arrangement for a wringer washing machine for preventing splashing during wash and for hiding a storable wringer assembly. There has been no known showing of a non-removable sliding access door for the washing machine portion of a stacked laundry pair. | 2024-07-18T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4325 |
Property Type
NEW
Show Only Hot Homes
Show Only
With Photos
New Homes
Square Feet
Lot Size
SqFt. Price
Year Built
We found
2 Listings in
POWNAL, VT
Sort by:
HUD homes and other real estate in Pownal, Vermont
Search Pownal, Vermont HUD homes. See information on particular HUD home or get Pownal, Vermont real estate trend as you search. Besides our HUD homes, you can find other great Pownal, Vermont real estate deals on RealtyStore.com.
Two acre county property with a 1400 square foot mobile home. There are 3 good sized bedroom, open concept kitchen, dining room, and living room. There is a generous back deck that is accessed from th...
Read More | 2024-06-30T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8063 |
Jeff Richter
deal 513386
Prebon does not recognize this deal
Mike Swerzbin
deal 514157
Prebon shows cp as Merrill Lynch not Pacificorp. | 2024-07-17T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7748 |
A meta-analysis of sexual dysfunction in psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify sexual dysfunction (SD) in patients treated with antipsychotics on the basis of selected papers that specifically investigated this type of adverse events by means of adequate instruments. A literature research was conducted using three electronic databases. Studies providing measures of SD in patients taking antipsychotics and providing separate data on single drugs were considered for inclusion. Our primary outcome measure was the rate of total SD, and our secondary outcome measures were the rates of desire, arousal, and orgasm dysfunction. We found that significant differences exist across different antipsychotics in terms of total SD, such that, partially consistent with the traditional dichotomy between prolactin-raising and prolactin-sparing antipsychotics, quetiapine, ziprasidone, perphenazine, and aripiprazole were associated with relatively low SD rates (16-27%), whereas olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, clozapine, and thioridazine were associated with higher SD rates (40-60%). Apart from a few exceptions, secondary analyses substantially confirmed the primary outcome measure. However, sensitivity analyses showed a significant impact of several variables on SD rates. In addition, taking into account several limitations, including the difficulty to disentangle SD related to drugs from SD related to illness itself, further studies are needed to determine more thorough evidence concerning antipsychotic-induced SD. | 2024-01-06T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6794 |
Innocent man jailed for 8 months after DNA match - rwmj
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19412819
======
droithomme
A basic understanding of statistics is sufficient to understand how this
happens. Authorities have become obsessed with the idea of assembling giant
DNA databanks of entire populations and then doing _"cold hits"_ for unsolved
crimes against the entire database.
The problem with this is that DNA testing is not 100% accurate, and when you
test an entire population you're going to start getting false positives. The
larger the population, the more false positives.
But then a jury may be told "there was a 100% DNA match" or that "There is a
less than 1 in a billion chance that he is not the killer." And the wrong guy
goes to prison.
Check out this other recent cold hit case. They took DNA samples from Occupy
Wall Street protesters and then ran them against unsolved crimes files with no
connection to the protesters just to see what they could get.
[http://www.kens5.com/news/DNA-match-in-cold-case-murder-
call...](http://www.kens5.com/news/DNA-match-in-cold-case-murder-called-
error-162369036.html)
So a protestor is arrested and charged for a 2004 murder based on this. Later
found to be an error, but getting to that point assumes you can afford a good
lawyer. There are lots of people getting charged for unsolved crimes they have
no connection to. Not all of them can afford a lawyer and expert witnesses.
New York recently passed a law requiring DNA samples from all persons
convicted of any crime, even misdemeanors such as loitering.
[http://www.npr.org/2012/03/15/148692189/n-y-passes-dna-
requi...](http://www.npr.org/2012/03/15/148692189/n-y-passes-dna-requirement-
for-convicted-criminals)
There is a nationwide push for mass DNA collections. Other jurisdictions are
pushing to take DNA of people who are merely arrested, regardless of whether
there is a later conviction.
[http://chronicle.augusta.com/news/crime-
courts/2012-09-01/so...](http://chronicle.augusta.com/news/crime-
courts/2012-09-01/south-carolina-collect-dna-after-every-felony-arrest)
> South Carolina’s law enforcement agency will soon collect DNA samples from
> people when they’re arrested for a felony – rather than post-conviction –
> four years after legislators passed a law requiring the state’s DNA database
> to expand.
This push to states even comes from the federal level:
[http://www.acluofnorthcarolina.org/?q=congress-votes-
expand-...](http://www.acluofnorthcarolina.org/?q=congress-votes-expand-
taking-dna-arrest)
<http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c111:H.R.4614>:
> In a 357-32 vote, the House voted to offer cash incentives to states that
> start taking DNA upon arrest for certain crimes.
It even has it's own lobbying group: <http://www.dnasaves.org/>
> Every day innocent people needlessly become victims of violent crimes. Most
> of these are committed by repeat offenders. By passing state legislation
> that enables law enforcement to collect DNA from felony arrestees, at the
> same time as fingerprints, your state can catch criminals sooner
There you can see that 26 states now mandate collection on arrest. More than
half of the 50 states.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts has ruled that DNA sampling on
arrest, regardless of conviction, is permissible:
[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/18/dna-collection-
mary...](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/18/dna-collection-
maryland_n_1683931.html)
The US has a nationwide database now that they do cold hits on, which is a
statistically questionable process.
<http://www.bioforensics.com/news/relatives_6-05.html>
> Since the mid-1990s, the USA and the United Kingdom have maintained
> databases that use a series of such alleles to match DNA from unsolved
> crimes to known or suspected offenders. In the USA, states and the federal
> government keep DNA indexes of suspects and unsolved crimes, and share
> information through a computer system maintained by the FBI.
"Guilt by the Numbers: How fuzzy is the math that makes DNA evidence look so
compelling to jurors?" by Edward Humes was an article that covered the
problems here pretty well.
Original is gone, but here it is in cache:
[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:www.cal...](http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:www.callawyer.com/clstory.cfm%3Feid%3D900572%26ref%3Dupdates)
More information about the case discussed in that article and the problems
with the cold hit methodology:
<http://articles.latimes.com/2008/may/04/local/me-dna4>
There are also various articles by DNA cold-hit advocates who claim it is
invalid and cold-hits are a good practice, for example this article:
[http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/science_law/2009/04/taking-...](http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/science_law/2009/04/taking-
liberties-with-the-numbers.html)
Doing blind searches of samples on large DNA databases in order to find cold
hits gives you a very high probability of a false match. A match that the
falsely accused defendant will be quite difficult to challenge since there is
a general belief by the public that DNA matches on a few markers are
irrefutable proof of identity.
DNA can more strongly connect a suspect who is already known through other
information. Doing blind searches isn't science and it isn't justice.
[http://www.bioforensics.com/articles/Legally%20Scientific%20...](http://www.bioforensics.com/articles/Legally%20Scientific%20\(Cold%20Hits%20vs%20Hard%20Facts\).html)
> For instance, if a DNA test capable of distinguishing between 'unrelated'
> people with one million to one confidence was used to create a database of
> two million personal profiles from a population of 20 million potential
> suspects you could be pretty certain that most crime stain profiles run
> against it would produce at least one cold hit.
> You could also be more than 90% certain that it would be the wrong cold hit.
> You could further expect that around 80% of the personal profiles on the
> database would match at least one other on record from a different person.
> Problems like these had led the 1996 National Research Council publication
> "The Evaluation of Forensic Evidence" (NRC-II) to recommend that "When the
> suspect is found by a search of a DNA database, the random match probability
> should be multiplied by N, the number of persons in the database".
On one side we have an argument that there are severe statistical problems
with this. On the other side we have those who claim that is false and that
the chance of any DNA match being wrong are so small as to be virtually
impossible. Yet every year the number of false accusations and convictions
from cold hits grows, as we see in this latest case.
~~~
brazzy
It's maddening how badly almost everyone sucks at understanding and
interpreting statistics (including many who have had significant training in
doing so), and chilling when that is combined with a forensic method that is
at heart statistical.
OJ Simpson got away with murder because the jury didn't understand statistics,
and now more and more innocent people go to jail because juries and judges
don't understand statistics.
------
tokenadult
The lede paragraph in this interesting article raises the key question:
"Scientists, lawyers and politicians have raised new concerns over the quality
of forensic evidence testing - so is the criminal justice system too reliant
on lab tests without realising their limitations?"
I'm grateful for some of the specialized publications on a skeptical
worldview, such as Skeptic magazine and Skeptical Inquirer magazine and some
of the websites and books recommended in those magazines, for teaching over
the last decade or more that even "scientific" approaches to questions that
come up in court cases have often never been validated. I was surprised to
discover that even the old technique of matching fingerprints is still the
subject of a lot of recent scholarly studies
[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=fingerprint+matching+val...](http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=fingerprint+matching+validation)
[https://uchastings.edu/hlj/archive/vol59/Koehler_59-HLJ-1077...](https://uchastings.edu/hlj/archive/vol59/Koehler_59-HLJ-1077.pdf)
and that there is NOT full validation of all the techniques that have long
been used to show fingerprint matches between criminal case suspects and
fingerprint impressions found at a crime scene. The article submitted here
makes the important point even the latest gee-whiz technology, DNA typing,
which is usually the key to solving crimes on television drama shows, has
significant limitations. Sometimes DNA samples are poorly gathered, and
sometimes DNA test results are ambiguous.
It takes a combination of multiple lines of evidence that are consistent with
one another best to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Lawyers for
criminal defendants do the right thing when they argue vigorously over every
factual basis for the state's claim that an accused defendant is guilty. I was
an appellate clerk once upon a time for a state supreme court that reviewed
all first-degree murder convictions in the state. I had to read a lot of case
files with gory crime scene photographs and lots of transcripts of witness
testimony to events and expert witness testimony about the findings of
scientific tests. Sometimes a case is supported by so many lines of evidence
that no reasonable appellate judge could doubt the sufficiency of the evidence
shown at trial. Other times a conviction at trial is reversed on appeal not
because of factual innocence, but because of legal errors by the prosecution.
But every once in a while, even after a conviction at trial under the standard
of presuming innocence beyond a reasonable doubt, a very reasonable doubt that
wasn't considered fully at trial is preserved in the court record and forms
the basis of reversing the trial court judgment on appeal. No one line of
evidence is foolproof, not even DNA.
------
DanBC
> his DNA sample was on record after he had willingly given it to them as part
> of an investigation into a burglary at his mother's home some years earlier.
This is a worrying snippet. Many people in the UK think that DNA databases
should include every citizen. There are often local campaigns of "have your
DNA taken, get ruled off our suspect list" when there are murders or multiple
rapes.
The police have pushed to include as many DNA profiles as possible.
They don't realise that false positives happen.
Keeping a DNA database of just the criminals means that you don't have to
store information from 60 million people (approx current UK population), nor
process unneeded data to find matches, nor worry so much about false
positives.
The good human rights stuff drops out as a result of good data practices.
~~~
tsotha
>There are often local campaigns of "have your DNA taken, get ruled off our
suspect list" when there are murders or multiple rapes.
Really? That's just daft. Why would anyone who isn't actually a suspect be
susceptible to that line of reasoning?
~~~
anothermachine
"Are you hiding your DNA because you know it matches a crime scene, perhaps?
Let's have you down to the station for some more detailed interrogation."
That's why.
~~~
tsotha
They have a term for that kind of government - "police state".
------
Alex3917
DNA testing and forensics in general is a complete scam. Most of it has
already been proven to be pseudoscience or else is on its way to being proven
so. And of the stuff that actually is at least potentially legit, like DNA
testing, virtually all of the labs in the US are so poorly run that their
results wouldn't even be admissible as evidence, let alone considered
reliable, if more people actually knew what was going on there. If I remember
correctly the last time the US government did an audit of its accredited
forensics labs every single one failed, and the vast majority aren't even
accredited to begin with.
Relevant links:
[http://www.alternet.org/print/story/147613/has_the_most_comm...](http://www.alternet.org/print/story/147613/has_the_most_common_marijuana_test_resulted_in_tens_of_thousands_of_wrongful_convictions)
[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_...](http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_grann?currentPage=all)
[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/dna-evidence-
lake...](http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/dna-evidence-lake-
county.html?_r=2&ref=magazine&adxnnlx=1322497624-TcXf3srEhTm8YyMhyeuvpQ&pagewanted=all)
[http://reason.com/archives/2011/02/21/the-mind-of-a-
police-d...](http://reason.com/archives/2011/02/21/the-mind-of-a-police-
dog/singlepage)
<http://www.erowid.org/freedom/police/police_article1.shtml>
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/criminal-
justice/rea...](http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/criminal-justice/real-
csi/can-unconscious-bias-undermine-fingerprint-analysis/)
~~~
shardling
>DNA testing and forensics in general is a complete scam
_What?_ Every single one of those links either supports DNA testing or
doesn't mention it.
It's certainly true that a lot of forensics turns out to be borderline
pseudoscience or superstition (everyone should read the newyorker link when
they have time) but don't just lump everything together.
(Also don't lead with a link to alternet unless you want bias readers against
you!)
~~~
Alex3917
"Every single one of those links either supports DNA testing or doesn't
mention it."
Did you read the NYT article?
Also, the issue isn't whether DNA testing could work in theory if it were done
by academics under ideal conditions. The issue is whether or not the DNA
testing that's actually done by forensics labs is A) accurate (not
contaminated, read properly, etc.) B) used correctly by the courts. It also
assumes that the police aren't planting evidence against suspects, either
purposely or accidentally, that the chain of custody is maintained, etc. There
is very little reason to think that these things are always the case.
~~~
shardling
>Did you read the NYT article?
Yes. Could you point to the specific part you feel is relevant?
~~~
Alex3917
The whole premise of the article is that if the DNA matches, the prosecutors
argue that you're guilty, and if the DNA doesn't match, the prosecutors argue
that you're guilty anyway. If the results of a forensic 'test' show that
you're guilty no matter what the outcome, that's pretty much the very
definition of a sham. They might as well be using a truth-telling chicken.
~~~
shardling
That is not the picture the article actually paints.
~~~
Alex3917
"The unnamed-lover theory has been floated so often that defense lawyers have
a derisive term for it: 'the unindicted co-ejaculator.'"
~~~
shardling
It was also _unsuccessful_ in a great many of those cases.
Prosecutors don't determine whether you're guilty or not -- the issue isn't
what they say, but whether juries believe them.
The article was about how prosecutors are very unwilling to accept DNA
evidence, not about systematic problems with its interpretation.
------
computator
> _His DNA sample was on record after he had willingly given it to them as
> part of an investigation into a burglary at his mother's home some years
> earlier._
Lesson to everybody: Don't ever voluntarily give your fingerprints or DNA.
Once they get into the government databases, you can (a) never retract them
(and nor can you change your fingerprints or DNA), and (b) you can fall victim
to false matches.
Here's a similar case of a false match -- in this case for fingerprints:
Portland-area lawyer Brandon Mayfield was arrested in May 2004 because his
fingerprint matched one found on a bag of detonators near the train station in
Madrid in the March 11 2004 bombing, which killed 191 people. But Spanish
authorities said the fingerprints belonged to another man, an Algerian. A US
federal court later threw out the case against Mayfield, and the FBI expressed
regret for the "fingerprint-identification error". As a former Army officer,
Mayfield's fingerprints would be on file with the government. A law
enforcement official said the fingerprints were not on file because of any
crime or as part of the government's terrorism databases.
------
carbocation
Forensics is not my field, but genetics is. Restriction enzyme digestion and
gel electrophoresis seems to be the technique that is still being used for
forensic DNA matching.
To my mind, it would make a lot more sense to simply genotype a few hundred
well-chosen (highly variable) SNPs on a standardized array. Since there are
premade arrays that give you tens to hundreds of thousands of SNPs for a few
hundred dollars, you should easily be able to unambiguously identify a single
individual even if (non-monozygotic twin) family members are in the haystack.
Obviously this says nothing about guilt, but from the DNA matching perspective
we can and should do better.
~~~
datr
I imagine it depends on the lab. A friend worked as an assistant at a place
that did forensic dna matching five years ago and she definitely used your
suggested method.
------
pfedor
It is of course very unfortunate that this man had to spend 8 months in jail.
There was no lab error in this case (the man was a cab driver with a rare skin
flaking condition and his skin flakes stuck to the nail polish of a passenger
who was later the victim of murder). But of course errors do happen, someone
in this thread quotes a 1% to 2% error rate for DNA testing.
Buit to put it in context, according to the Innocence Project, in 25% of the
cases when DNA testing is used by the FBI during the investigation, it results
in the suspect being exonerated. That 25% is a large number of innocent people
who would be charged and tried and a lot of them would be convicted if not for
the existence of DNA testing.
Read this interview if you have a moment:
[http://www.slate.com/blogs/thewrongstuff/2010/08/17/reasonab...](http://www.slate.com/blogs/thewrongstuff/2010/08/17/reasonable_doubt_innocence_project_co_founder_peter_neufeld_on_being_wrong.html)
and then tell me whether you still think DNA testing is not a force for good.
------
rayiner
Forensics is a total sham. <http://lst.law.asu.edu/FS09/pdfs/Koehler4_3.pdf>
The error rate of fingerprints is at least in the single digit %, but
everything else is double-digits. Moreover, while DNA is theoretically
extremely reliable, the error rate of DNa testing is dominated by lab error
and is on the order of 1-2%. Yet, juries are generally not told this overall
error rate, but rather just the theoretical probability of a false match (1 in
trillions).
~~~
vishaldpatel
Wouldn't it be the defense attorney's responsibility to remind the jury of the
error rates time after time?
~~~
jlgreco
Attacking the reliability of DNA evidence can make you seem desperate. Of
course they still need to do exactly that, but you are not just combating what
the prosecution said (or failed to say) but what the jurors already "know".
They "know" DNA is perfect magic evidence that gets the badguy every time on
CSI.
------
SoftwareMaven
I was quite surprised when reading "The Drunkards Walk" when he talked about
DNA evidence. The rates of false matches is really quite low (like one in tens
of million chance if memory holds) as long as there are no errors in the lab.
But there are. In fact, the odds of an error on the lab are on the order of
one in 200. And juries aren't allowed to be instructed on that.
~~~
vibrunazo
> And juries aren't allowed to be instructed on that.
Why?
~~~
rprasad
Because the defense must first provide some evidence that a mistake was, or
could have been made, in order for the jury to receive such an instruction.
~~~
lutusp
> Because the defense must first provide some evidence that a mistake was, or
> could have been made ...
No, they only need to describe the statistical probability of an error -- they
don't need to uncover specific evidence that an error was made in a particular
case. And they can empanel expert witnesses to describe the kinds of errors
that are typical of the method, but again, without having to uncover evidence
unique to the present case.
~~~
mvc
> And they can empanel expert witnesses to describe the kinds of errors that
> are typical of the method
Presumably that's beyond the reach of a defendant on legal aid.
~~~
lutusp
> Presumably that's beyond the reach of a defendant on legal aid.
Yep. Some might call that a defect in our legal system (that fair
representation is out of reach of indigent defendants). Others, cynics all,
might assert that if you can't pay for the justice, don't do the crime.
------
delinquentme
sounds like someone couldn't read a gel electrophoresis ? How long did they
run the gel for ? Accuracy can be increased in a read with a longer gel ...
Were they using some 4" gel ? There are tons of variables. And as stated in
the article some of them aren't even running the right tests.
~~~
lutusp
It's worse than that. As the article points out, we shed cells everywhere, and
the possibility exists that the test was conducted fairly and accurately, but
it doesn't prove what the prosecutor claimed -- that the DNA proved guilt. All
the DNA proved was that the defendant's DNA was present where the measurement
took place, but this doesn't necessarily mean the defendant was ever there, or
was present at time time of the crime.
~~~
FuzzyDunlop
It also alludes to the separation of concerns in forensic examinations
creating a new set of problems. For example, the DNA testers had a sample to
test, and little to no knowledge of the greater context.
~~~
billswift
On the other hand without separation of concerns, you get the risk of the lab
"finding" what the investigators wanted, like the incidents in the FBI labs in
the 1990s.
| 2024-03-31T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4030 |
This invention relates to rotator members for rotation with a rotating means; and, more particularly, to an airfoil member for circumferential rotation in a fluid about an axis.
Modern axial flow turbine engines, for example aircraft gas turbine engines, include rotator members for general circumferential rotation about an engine axis. Such rotator members include blading members with an airfoil, typical of which are rotating fan, compressor and turbine blades. Helicopter rotary and fixed wing aircraft propeller blades are other examples of rotator members.
Rotator members designed for use in the fan section of large aircraft gas turbine engines are examples of relatively large airfoil shaped cantilevered rotators intended to rotate in air at relatively high speeds. As is well known in the art, this results in their structure experiencing excitation from the combination of rotational speed and airflow, particularly in that half portion of the airfoil toward the airfoil outer tip. Design and manufacture of blades for such applications have been widely reported in the art, typical of which are U.S. Pat. No. 3,892,612xe2x80x94Carlson et al. (patented Jul. 1, 1975); U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,147xe2x80x94Ellis (patented Oct. 3, 1978); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,892xe2x80x94Baldwin et al. (patented Jan. 18, 1994).
One type of excitation of particular significance with such relatively large fan and compressor blades sometimes is referred to as stripe mode resonance. This is a vibratory mode that is a high frequency resonance phenomenon associated with wakes of airflow generated upsteam of an airfoil. Such mode, involving stress and deformation, generally is localized in the radial outer half of the airfoil, primarily in the airfoil tip region which undergoes predominantly chordwise bending. Attempts to avoid stripe mode resonance have included embedding a patch in the airfoil tip region determined to have such an occurrence, for example as shown in the above-identified Ellis patent.
Another type of detrimental airfoil excitation and vibration can occur as a result of a foreign airborne object, such as a bird, striking the airfoil during engine operation. Damage to the airfoil can cause excessive vibration not only to the engine but also to the aircraft structure. An attempt to increase airfoil chordwise stiffness and to reduce the chordwise bending and shear stress from impact has involved adding a tip cap to the airfoil. However, such a tip cap adds extra mass that can redistribute centrifugal pull force and increase spanwise stresses along the blade trailing edge near the blade""s root.
The present invention, in one form, provides a rotator member having a radial length for general circumferential rotation about an axis, a thickness and a width greater than the thickness. The member comprises a radially lengthwise inner portion extending about half of the radial length and an radial lengthwise outer portion extending about half of the radial length outwardly from the inner portion. The outer portion includes at least one corrugation extending generally along the width of the member.
In another form, the present invention provides a method for making a rotator member with widthwise stiffness by incorporating in the outer portion of the member at least one generally widthwise corrugation. | 2024-04-20T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7465 |
114 Ill. App.2d 322 (1969)
252 N.E.2d 897
Margaret L. Clemens, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Sandee Manufacturing Company, Defendant-Appellant.
Gen. No. 52,358.
Illinois Appellate Court First District, Fourth Division.
September 10, 1969.
*323 *324 Spangler & Greenberg, and M.G. Kaufman, of Chicago (Erwin H. Greenberg, of counsel), for appellant.
Ebers, Metskas & Bjorvik, of Chicago (Thomas S. Metskas, of counsel), for appellee.
MR. JUSTICE STAMOS delivered the opinion of the court.
Defendant, Sandee Manufacturing Company, appeals from a decree wherein the court approved the findings of the Master and entered judgment in favor of plaintiff, Margaret Clemens, in the sum of $29,330.70. Plaintiff cross-appeals from that part of the decree excepting from the Master's report interest on the sum awarded by the decree.
The principal issue presented for review is whether plaintiff is the owner of the proceeds of a certain life insurance policy issued upon the life of plaintiff's husband, James J. Clemens, deceased employee of defendant. The issue in the cross-appeal is whether the court erred in denying interest.
Plaintiff's amended complaint in substance averred that plaintiff was the wife of James J. Clemens who had been employed by defendant; that defendant provided insurance on the life of James J. Clemens as terms of his employment; that because of economics it was orally agreed between James J. Clemens and defendant that defendant would retain the incidents of ownership and be named as beneficiary; that defendant orally agreed that in the event of James J. Clemens' death it would pay the proceeds to plaintiff; that James J. Clemens has died and defendant has refused to deliver the proceeds to plaintiff. Plaintiff prayed that the defendant be declared to hold the proceeds in trust for plaintiff and to deliver the proceeds with interest to plaintiff from the date that defendant received the proceeds. Defendant's answer denied all the agreements alleged in the complaint, *325 denied that it held the proceeds in trust for plaintiff, and alleged that it was the owner of the policy and proceeds thereof.
Defendant is an Illinois corporation engaged in the business of manufacturing plastics. Its sole stockholder was Elmer Szantay, who was president of the company and a director from the date of the corporate organization to the date of his death on April 1, 1962. Prior to April 1, 1962, Hellmuth Lange and M.G. Kaufman were the other directors. Kaufman was also attorney for defendant. Lange was also Secretary and Assistant Treasurer.
Subsequent to April 1962, the board of directors consisted of M.G. Kaufman, Hellmuth Lange and Robert Wehrheim. The latter succeeded Szantay as President, and Lange became Treasurer and Secretary of the company.
James J. Clemens was sales manager for defendant, and had been so employed for about 11 years at the time of his death. Defendant paid Clemens a salary, bonus, paid vacations, expense-free car and insurance.
Through interrogatories and stipulation it was established that Szantay in September 1959 as president of defendant, negotiated the purchase of Security Benefit Life Insurance Company policy No. 4080659, insuring the life of James J. Clemens for $15,000 and $15,000 and $15,000 accidental death.
At the same time, Szantay took out a policy on his own life for $100,000 without double indemnity, and policies on the lives of Robert Wehrheim and Charles McGuinness, employees of defendant, for the sum of $15,000 with double indemnity. These policies were taken out through Bernard E. Lindquist of Lindquist-Burns Company.
The premium on the policy insuring the life of James J. Clemens was paid by defendant by borrowing against the cash surrender value of the policy and applying any accrued dividends on the policy toward the premium, and *326 paying the difference between the premium and the total of the amount borrowed and the dividends. The beneficiary of the policy was defendant.
On January 10, 1961, James J. Clemens received the following letter from defendant; received in evidence as plaintiff's Exhibit No. 1 and hereinafter referred to as the letter. Policy No. 4 referred to in the letter is the subject-matter of this litigation.
"January 10, 1961
"Dear Jim:
"We wish to confirm the insurance carried on you by your company.
"Policy #1 The Sandee Mfg. Co. has obtained $10,000.00 Group Life Insurance for you with $10,000.00 Accidental Death or Dismemberment benefits, as shown on your policy issued by Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co. Your company is paying the full premiums on this insurance. (Plaintiff was the stated beneficiary under this policy.)
"Policy #2 Your company issued you also with a Group Accident Policy for $25,000.00 Accidental Death or Dismemberment benefits.
"No individual policies are issued for policy #2, inasmuch as the names of all executives are listed on the policy. You are covered for this insurance by Group Policy #9A BN 2817, by Indemnity Insurance Company of North America, your company is paying the full premiums on this insurance.
"Your beneficiary on this Policy #2 is the same as shown on Life Insurance Policy of Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Policy #1, a copy of which is in your possession. The accidental Policy of Indemnity *327 Insurance Co. (Policy No. 2) is in possession of Sandee Mfg. Co.
"Policy #3 You are also covered for $3,000.00 Life and Group Insurance by Aetna Life Insurance Co. Your contribution is .50 cents per week on this insurance. Your company pays the balance.
"Policy #4 You are insured for $15,000.00 Life Insurance and $15,000.00 Accidental Death or Dismemberment benefits with Security Benefit Life Insurance Co., Topeka, Kansas, policy #4080659. This policy is kept in force with two objectives:
"(1) Greatest maximum protection.
"(2) Lowest annual payout cost to Sandee Mfg. Co.
"Lowest annual payout cost is achieved by Company borrowing against cash value of policy to assist in premium payments. This payment method will be continued. Accordingly, in the event of payout on this policy, the payout would be reduced by the amount of loan outstanding.
"RECAP OF INSURANCE
LIFE
"POLICY BENEFIT ACCIDENTAL
"#1 Mutual Life $10,000.00 $10,000.00
"#2 Indemnity __ 25,000.00
"#3 Aetna Life 3,000.00 3,000.00
"#4 Security Benefit 15,000.00 15,000.00[*]
28,000.00 53,000.00
"Total payout in event of accidental death at the present time would be
approximately $80,000.00.
*328 SANDEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
"(S) Elmer Szantay
"Elmer Szantay, President
"This certifies that above policies are in full
force and effect.
"(S) H. Lange
"H. Lange, Sec'y. Asst. Treasurer."
MARGARET L. CLEMENS, Plaintiff, testified as follows:
On February 14, 1961, plaintiff had occasion to discuss the letter with Szantay. This conversation took place during an air trip to Iowa. Plaintiff, her husband, four-year-old son, and Szantay were on the plane. Szantay brought up the subject of insurance when they were discussing litigation arising from the death of another employee wherein Mr. Clemens was involved as a witness on deposition. Szantay asked plaintiff if she had discussed the letter with her husband and plaintiff said yes. Szantay referred to the letter as "the letter that stated the policies that the company had taken on different employees." Szantay told plaintiff that the company wished to take this insurance out on its employees because Szantay did not want a repeat of the LaMere incident in which Mrs. LaMere was left practically penniless because of lack of insurance or foresight on her husband's part. (Mr. LaMere was a salesman for defendant.) Szantay said that although Sandee was named as beneficiary, the proceeds would be paid to plaintiff and to her alone; that in the event of her husband's death she would receive approximately $80,000 and plaintiff should not worry, she would be well taken care of. Szantay further related to plaintiff that the reason the amount he mentioned was approximately $80,000 was because the value of the No. 4 policy decreased as defendant borrowed against the cash value of it. This was *329 done for financial reasons, since it was a financial benefit to the company that defendant own the policy.
On April 1, 1962, James J. Clemens and Szantay died in an airplane crash. On April 6, 1962, plaintiff had a conversation with Lange in which he inquired if plaintiff had the letter regarding the insurance policies. Plaintiff replied in the affirmative. Lange then advised her that he was in possession of all the policies listed in the letter; that he would file appropriate claims for the proceeds; and upon receipt of the proceeds he would notify her and arrange to deliver them. On May 2, 1962, plaintiff at the direction of Lange, went to his home. There he gave her a check for the proceeds of the insurance of policy No. 1 and on May 19, 1962, he gave her the proceeds of policy No. 3. At that time Lange advised her that he had not received any word regarding plaintiff's claim on policy No. 2, but that a $30,000 check had been received on policy No. 4. However, he could not give it to plaintiff until he received Kaufman's authorization. Plaintiff called Lange in September 1962, and Lange advised her that nothing had come in on policy No. 2, and that as to policy No. 4, he still did not have authority to release the proceeds to her.
In October 1962, plaintiff had another conversation with Lange. He advised her that policy No. 2 was not being paid by the insurance company because Szantay was piloting the plane when it crashed. Plaintiff inquired about the status of the proceeds under policy No. 4, and was told that Kaufman had not yet authorized its payout to her.
Plaintiff testified further that in these conversations regarding the proceeds of policy No. 4, Lange told her that when "Kaufman authorized payment he would give me my money." In June of 1962, plaintiff retained legal counsel, Mr. Bjorvik, to pursue her claim against defendant for the proceeds of policy No. 4.
*330 As far as plaintiff knew, her husband did not have an employment contract with defendant.
JOHN D. HAYES, testified on behalf of plaintiff.
He is an attorney-at-law and represented plaintiff in her suit for damages for the wrongful death of her husband in the air crash. On or about July 9, 1962, he was with plaintiff's attorney Bjorvik when they visited Kaufman. The witness was present to discuss the wrongful death action against defendant. At that discussion, Bjorvik asked Kaufman: "What about the $30,000.00 life insurance policy?" (Policy No. 4.) Kaufman replied that they had received the proceeds and that plaintiff was entitled to the $30,000, but that its payment would not be authorized until the wrongful death action was disposed of. Bjorvik responded that they were independent claims, and the $30,000 should be paid to plaintiff. Kaufman then reiterated that there was no question that plaintiff was entitled to the money. But the affairs of defendant and of Szantay's estate were such that they could not pay the $30,000 until the wrongful death action was disposed of.
ROGER BJORVIK, testified on behalf of plaintiff.
He is an attorney-at-law and his firm represents plaintiff. On June 7, 1962, he had a conversation with Robert Wehrheim, then president of defendant, who advised him that the proceeds from policy No. 4 were intended to be paid plaintiff, even though defendant was the beneficiary, but because of tax ramifications there was a question on whether the proceeds were to be paid in a lump sum or installments. The witness testified he also had a conversation with Lange the same day and Lange said the proceeds were payable to plaintiff, even though defendant was beneficiary.
On July 9, 1962, the witness, in the company of John Hayes, visited Kaufman at his office. Kaufman in response to the witnesses' question regarding the proceeds *331 of policy No. 4 said that defendant had received the proceeds and plaintiff was entitled to them, but no funds would be released until the wrongful death action had been disposed of.
During a telephone conversation with Wehrheim, he was told that the employees could name any beneficiary to policies 1, 2 and 3, but as to policy No. 4, it had to be defendant.
BERNARD E. LINDQUIST, testified on behalf of defendant.
He is an insurance broker and was a friend of Szantay. The witness wrote all of defendant's and Szantay's insurance, and was aware that Szantay was sole shareholder of defendant. Policy No. 4 was identified by the witness as one he wrote, and after Clemens' death he forwarded the policy No. 4 to the insurance company. The witness related that he sold Szantay on the idea of purchasing additional insurance on his life as well as defendant's "key employees." This topic came up when he was discussing with Szantay the possibility of securing additional insurance from him personally at a standard rate by insuring additional members of Szantay's company under a "key-man" insurance plan. There were two reasons why he recommended "key-man" insurance, one was that he wanted to sell insurance and the other reason was that Szantay had been a "rated risk." As a result, he and Szantay were always looking for means of increasing Szantay's insurance at standard rates. Szantay was told that the insurance was "key-man" insurance, would be owned by defendant, and it would be the beneficiary. The proceeds would not be taxable. Szantay had indicated that he desired to take out additional life insurance on the lives of his employees and furnished the information to the witness. He testified there are many reasons for the purchase of "key-man" insurance, one is to pay the cost of retraining a new employee, another reason may be a *332 contract with an employee for this insurance, but it is considered mainly for the employee.
The witness stated that the phrase "key-man" life insurance was not used in the policy or on any documents relating to policy No. 4. "Key-man" insurance does not relate to a type of insurance, but to the use of the proceeds once received, and there were no restrictions on defendant's use of the proceeds.
WALTER MEYER, testified on behalf of defendant.
He is a certified public accountant with the firm of Arthur Anderson Co., and he related that he was the manager in charge of defendant's audits. When defendant received the proceeds from policy No. 4, they were recorded in defendant's books as "insurance proceeds payable," which is a liability account. The proceeds from Szantay's policy were reflected as a debit on the cash account and placed into an account titled "surplus." Two months later an audit revised the entry of an account payable, and the proceeds of policy No. 4 were credited to surplus. There was nothing in the company records to indicate that proceeds of policy No. 4 were payable to anyone other than the company. That is why this witness questioned and revised the books to reflect the proceeds in surplus.
M.G. KAUFMAN, testified on behalf of defendant.
He is an attorney-at-law and was a lifelong friend and legal advisor of the deceased Szantay. The witness related he was familiar with the defendant and its officers and employees for many years. At the time of Szantay's death, the witness was attorney and director for defendant, and attorney for the executor of Szantay's estate. There were never any written contracts between defendant and any of its employees. Life insurance policies on lives of employees were never discussed at board meetings. The witness told Lange not to pay the proceeds of policy No. 4 to plaintiff, because it was the conclusion *333 of the witness and the executor, the Northern Trust Company, that the proceeds belonged to defendant. The witness related he had discussed the policies of insurance defendant had on its employees and officers with Szantay and also the disposition of the proceeds in the event of collection.
On July 10, 1962, the witness related that John Hayes and Roger Bjorvik came to his office and he advised them that while the proceeds of policy No. 4 belonged to defendant, in order to settle the dispute regarding the wrongful death action and plaintiff's claim to the proceeds, the witness would recommend to the executor that plaintiff be paid the sum of $70,000. He denied telling Bjorvik or Hayes that plaintiff was entitled to the proceeds of policy No. 4, and further denied he told them the proceeds would be paid plaintiff after the wrongful death action was disposed of.
Lange and Wehrheim were not called upon to testify. On April 12, 1962, Lange wrote a letter, plaintiff's Exhibit No. 2, to Lindquist's company wherein Lange referred to policy No. 4 as "Clemens' Policy" and stated "Mr. Kaufman will file Clemens' claim direct with the insurance company."
OPINION
Plaintiff's claim to the proceeds of policy No. 4 is predicated upon an express oral trust of which she is the beneficiary. Defendant contends that relief should be denied because: (1) Szantay lacked authority to bind the corporate defendant in the creation of a trust of the proceeds of the insurance policy; (2) plaintiff was permitted to testify to a conversation with Szantay in contravention of Ill Rev Stats, c 51, § 2 (1967), commonly known as the dead man's statute; (3) proceeds of an insurance policy may not be the subject-matter of a trust prior to the death of the insured; (4) the trust was not established by clear, convincing, unequivocal and competent evidence.
*334 [1] Defendant argues that Szantay as president, sole shareholder and a director of defendant lacked the requisite authority to create the express oral trust of the proceeds of the insurance policy. Ordinarily, the president of a corporation has no authority, in absence of action by the board of directors, to enter into, on behalf of the corporation, unusual or extraordinary commitments, contracts or obligations that are not in the regular course of business.
In Korman v. Wanen Catalpa Apartments, Inc., 20 Ill. App.2d 598, 156 NE2d 621 (1959), the president of the corporation owned 244 of the 250 shares of corporate stock, the other 6 shares were owned by his wife and daughter. The president contracted to sell the sole corporate asset. The contract was negotiated by the president alone, the officers and directors were not consulted. In holding the corporation bound, the court said that if the president of the corporation carries on negotiations with apparent authority to bind the corporation, and the corporation does not object to the president's action in that regard, then the corporation is bound by the authority exercised by its president.
In Mid-Continent Const. Co. v. Goldberg, 40 Ill. App.2d 251, 188 NE2d 511 (1963) the court said at page 261:
"The Korman decision is consistent with writing in this area. In Professor Fuller's article, The Incorporated Individual: A study of the One-Man Company, 51 Harv L Rev 1373, 1388, he states:
"It has been urged that a shareholder-manager may not contract in the corporate name in the absence of authority from the board of directors. But if the one-man company is viewed realistically, it affords no proper place for the application of general agency principles to the activities of the shareholder-manager. Where a sole shareholder purports to act in behalf of the company, *335 there is no other person concerned; he acts in his own interest and for himself alone. The justification existing in the ordinary corporate situation for treating the corporation as a separate person, i.e., a principal, is entirely lacking."
At page 260 the court quoted with approval from 19 CJS, Corporations, § 1004:
"[T]he trend of authority is to uphold as binding on the corporation acts or contracts on its behalf by a person or persons owning all or practically all of the stock, even though there is a lack of, or defect in, some corporate step or action.... [T]he fact that certain officers own all or practically all of the stock may have an important bearing in determining the validity and binding effect of their acts. Thus, where certain officers are the sole corporate owners of the corporation, they are not limited in the control of the corporate affairs by a board of directors which must necessarily consist of dummies, and the corporation is bound by the acts of officers who are in reality its owners and are permitted by the director to manage the business; . ..."
Defendant cites Smith v. Shoreline Printers & Publishers, Inc., 6 Ill. App.2d 290, 127 NE2d 677 (1955); Sacks v. Helene Curtis Industries, Inc., 340 Ill. App. 76, 91 NE2d 127 (1950); and Warszawa v. White Eagle Brewing Co., 299 Ill. App. 509, 20 NE2d 343 (1939) in support of its contentions regarding Szantay's lack of authority. In Smith, supra, the president owned only 2 shares of 2,551 shares of stock issued and outstanding. The court noted that the president's wife owned the controlling interest of 1,336 shares, a son owned 646 shares and a daughter owned 567 shares, and there was no evidence that the *336 president's wife was not in control of her separate property rights or that she was regarded as his nominee. Sacks, supra, cited Warszawa, supra, and in these two cases, there was no evidence to support the authority of its president to enter into extraordinary contracts or commitments, nor that the respective presidents were the sole owners and shareholders.
[2] The Master specifically found that Szantay as president and sole shareholder had authority to bind defendant. This was approved by the trial court over defendant's exceptions. We concur that Szantay had the requisite authority.
Defendant contends that the testimony of Mrs. Clemens, which was admitted over its objection, concerning her conversation with Mr. Szantay on the air trip to Iowa, was inadmissible because of Ill Rev Stats, c 51, § 2 (1967) which provides:
"No party to any civil action, suit or proceeding . . . shall be allowed to testify therein of his own motion, or in his own behalf ... when any adverse party sues or defends as the ... trustee of any . . . heir, legatee or devisee...."
[3] We fail to see how the defendant is a protected party within the terms of the statute. Defendant's answer denied that it was a trustee as alleged in the complaint, yet defendant seeks the protection granted to a trustee of an heir, legatee or devisee under the statute to render the testimony of Mrs. Clemens incompetent. A reading of the complaint reveals that it could reasonably be said that defendant was sued as a trustee of the heirs of James Clemens. This does not, however, change the capacity in which the defendant defended the suit. Defendant defended from the position that it was the absolute owner of the proceeds of the insurance policy, *337 not as the trustee of an heir, legatee or devisee. The statute provides that "when a party sues or defends" in one of the enumerated protected capacities, he may assert the protection of the statute. In the case at bar, the defendant neither sued nor defended as an adverse party in one of the protected capacities under the statute. Therefore, the defendant is not entitled to the protection of the statute.
[4] Defendant concedes that a life insurance policy may be the subject-matter of a trust, but argues that the proceeds of an insurance policy cannot be the subject-matter of a trust.
[5] In the case of Otis v. Beckwith, 49 Ill. 121 (1868), our Supreme Court enforced a trust upon the proceeds of an insurance policy. In Otis the administrator of the Estate of Edward Sacket refused to deliver a policy of insurance which was in the possession of the decedent at the date of his death. The insurance policy was assigned in writing to the named trustee; the insurance company had noted the assignment on its books and the trustee had accepted the trust by written instrument. We are mindful that the facts in Otis are different from those here, but the legal issue and its resolution are applicable to the litigation before us. Otis is discussed extensively in Gurnett v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 356 Ill. 612, 191 NE2d 250 (1934); see also 102 ALR 588.
[6] Defendant asserted in its brief that even assuming that a trust of insurance proceeds can arise, the ultimate issue in the case at bar is whether a trust did, in fact, arise. Defendant correctly contends that the evidence required to establish a trust must be clear, convincing and unequivocal both as to its existence and to its terms and conditions. Trubey v. Pease, 240 Ill. 513, 88 NE 1005 (1909); Williams v. Anderson, 288 Ill. App. 149, 5 NE 2d 593 (1936); Otis, supra.
*338 [7-9] We must, therefore, consider defendant's contention that plaintiff failed to prove her case by clear, convincing and unequivocal evidence. Plaintiff testified that Mr. Szantay told her that although the corporation was named as beneficiary, the proceeds of the insurance policy, in the event of her husband's death, would be paid to her and to her alone. Whether her testimony is credible or whether it is impeached are generally matters for the trier of fact, and its findings will not be disturbed unless they are against the manifest weight of evidence. In re Estate of Foster, 104 Ill. App.2d 447, 244 NE2d 620 (1969). After the death of plaintiff's husband, the corporation treated the proceeds of the insurance policy as a liability of the corporation. The course of conduct and the conversations (as testified to by plaintiff and her witnesses) between plaintiff and the Secretary-Treasurer and the attorney of defendant (both of whom were directors and thus constituted a 2/3 majority of the board) all indicate that defendant considered the proceeds of the policies as plaintiff's property. Two attorneys, one an attorney for plaintiff in another matter and one a member of the law firm representing plaintiff in the present litigation, testified to conversations with different officers of defendant in which the officers reaffirmed plaintiff's right to the proceeds. It must also be noted that defendant neither called certain officers of the corporation to rebut plaintiff's evidence nor explain why they were not called. The Master heard the evidence and observed the demeanor of the witnesses and made his recommendations to the Chancellor, who heard exceptions to the Master's Report and then approved the Master's Report as modified in ways not here pertinent. The findings of the Master when approved by the Chancellor will not be disturbed on review in the Appellate Court unless they are manifestly against the weight of evidence. *339 Ideal Trading Corp. v. 237 E. Ontario Corp., 82 Ill. App.2d 160, 227 NE2d 150 (1967). We find that the decree is supported by evidence and see no basis to find it was against the manifest weight of evidence.
Plaintiff cross-appealed and complained that the trial court erred in sustaining defendant's oral objection to the imposition of interest on plaintiff's recovery of $29,330.70, which objection was made for the first time when the decree was presented for entry.
Plaintiff further contends that defendant's failure to specifically object to the allowance of interest before the Master and to include the objection in its exceptions to the Master's Report constituted a waiver of the objection to the allowance of interest. Plaintiff argues that notwithstanding the waiver of the objection, the allowance of interest by the Master was proper, whether it be based on equitable consideration or Ill Rev Stats, c 74, § 2 (1967) which provides for interest: "... on money withheld by an unreasonable and vexatious delay of payment."
Defendant responds and argues that plaintiff's claim to interest is predicated upon paragraph 10 of the Master's Report wherein the Master "recommends" that a decree be entered in favor of plaintiff against defendant and the sum recovered be paid to plaintiff with 5% interest per annum, and there is no finding of fact or conclusion of law regarding the imposition of interest. Defendant further contends that it objected to the Master's findings that plaintiff is the owner of the proceeds. Therefore, if plaintiff is not entitled to a judgment, plaintiff is not entitled to interest and that for plaintiff to insist that although defendant objected to the entry of a judgment in favor of plaintiff, this does not constitute an objection to the awarding of interest, is too semantic and technical.
*340 The issue thus is, whether the defendant's objections to the Master's finding that plaintiff is the owner of the proceeds and further objections to the entry of a judgment for the principal in favor of plaintiff, embrace within themselves, without specificity, an objection to the imposition of interest. The Master did not make a finding of fact or conclusion of law that interest was to be assessed upon the principal amount, but merely recited it in his recommendation regarding the framing of the decree.
In Cooper v. Brogni, 50 Ill. App.2d 70, 199 NE2d 619 (1964), the court said at page 77:
"Interest is allowed in chancery where warranted by equitable consideration. It has been held that in order to have an unreasonable and vexatious delay which would authorize a court of chancery to award interest, there must be something more than mere delay of payment, and the appearance and defense of a suit is not considered such delay. There must be continuance on the part of the litigant causing the delay which comes very close to actual fraud."
[10] We hold that under the record in this case, defendant's objections were sufficient to obviate any waiver and the trial court properly entertained defendant's objection to the assessment of interest and did not abuse its discretion in the disallowance of interest.
For the foregoing reasons we therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment affirmed.
ENGLISH and McNAMARA, JJ., concur.
NOTES
[*] "Reducing balance in time.
| 2023-10-29T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8275 |
T-6 Superlight Hex Axle Tool by Motion Pro
Item# 08-0355
Reg Price: $36.99
Sale Price: $33.29
QTY:
10% Off All Motion Pro Products
T-6 Superlight Hex Axle Tool by Motion Pro
This is the tool your on bike tool kit is missing. This hard to find compact Hex fits the front wheel center axle Hex slot on all the bikes below. Add it to your tool kit so your ready for a tire change anywhere. | 2024-05-14T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8621 |
HOTAIR: a cancer-related long non-coding RNA.
Long non-coding RNA was dismissed as merely transcriptional "noise" in the past decades. Numerous researches have shown that lncRNAs regulated gene expression at the epigenetic level. Moreover, lncRNAs played important roles in proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of tumor cells, and participated in metastatic capacity of cancers. Recent studies revealed HOX transcript antisense RNA, a lncRNA with regulatory functions of transcription, could bind PRC2 and LSD1/CoREST/REST complexes and direct to the specific gene sites, resulted in H3K27 methylation and H3K4 demethylation and ultimately gene silencing. Aberrant HOTAIR expression was associated with various sites of cancers such as breast, hepatocellular, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic et al; and affected survival and prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we introduce an overall view of HOTAIR by describing the known molecular mechanisms and potential functions of HOTAIR and summarizing the latest progresses on the research of HOTAIR in various human cancers. | 2023-12-19T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3228 |
Q:
Set color of TextView span in Android
Is it possible to set the color of just span of text in a TextView?
I would like to do something similar to the Twitter app, in which a part of the text is blue. See image below:
(source: twimg.com)
A:
Another answer would be very similar, but wouldn't need to set the text of the TextView twice
TextView TV = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.mytextview01);
Spannable wordtoSpan = new SpannableString("I know just how to whisper, And I know just how to cry,I know just where to find the answers");
wordtoSpan.setSpan(new ForegroundColorSpan(Color.BLUE), 15, 30, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
TV.setText(wordtoSpan);
A:
Here is a little help function. Great for when you have multiple languages!
private void setColor(TextView view, String fulltext, String subtext, int color) {
view.setText(fulltext, TextView.BufferType.SPANNABLE);
Spannable str = (Spannable) view.getText();
int i = fulltext.indexOf(subtext);
str.setSpan(new ForegroundColorSpan(color), i, i + subtext.length(), Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
A:
I always find visual examples helpful when trying to understand a new concept.
Background Color
SpannableString spannableString = new SpannableString("Hello World!");
BackgroundColorSpan backgroundSpan = new BackgroundColorSpan(Color.YELLOW);
spannableString.setSpan(backgroundSpan, 0, spannableString.length(), Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
textView.setText(spannableString);
Foreground Color
SpannableString spannableString = new SpannableString("Hello World!");
ForegroundColorSpan foregroundSpan = new ForegroundColorSpan(Color.RED);
spannableString.setSpan(foregroundSpan, 0, spannableString.length(), Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
textView.setText(spannableString);
Combination
SpannableString spannableString = new SpannableString("Hello World!");
ForegroundColorSpan foregroundSpan = new ForegroundColorSpan(Color.RED);
BackgroundColorSpan backgroundSpan = new BackgroundColorSpan(Color.YELLOW);
spannableString.setSpan(foregroundSpan, 0, 8, Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
spannableString.setSpan(backgroundSpan, 3, spannableString.length(), Spannable.SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE);
textView.setText(spannableString);
Further Study
Explain the meaning of Span flags like SPAN_EXCLUSIVE_EXCLUSIVE
Android Spanned, SpannedString, Spannable, SpannableString and CharSequence
| 2024-04-02T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9689 |
Paul Mooney Hurls N-Word at Audience Member During Arsenio Taping
5/5/2014 8:57 PM PDT
Legendary comic Paul Mooney got downright racial during a taping of the Arsenio Hall show Monday night ... spitting the N-bomb at an audience member in a performance that's being hailed as "the most embarrassing, disrespectful standup bombing ever."
Mooney -- who famously appeared on "Chappelle's Show" and wrote for Richard Pryor -- was booked to do a short standup bit on Arsenio ... but rambled on for more than 14 minutes in a bizarre routine that touched on everything from "Roots" to Obama to his admiration of an audience member's giant breasts.
But things really went off the rails when Mooney turned his attention to a black guy in the audience who he called a "bald-headed n**ga."
One person who was there tells us ... the crowd was stunned -- and sat in awkward silence as Mooney tried to transition into different material.
We're told it appeared producers were scrambling to cut him off and end the segment -- but Paul ignored the cues and kept going until a crew member used the P.A. system to interrupt him ... and a staff member went on stage to tell him to wrap it up.
One audience member tweeted about the scene -- saying, "OMG! I just witnessed THE MOST EMBARASSING, Disrespectful "standup" BOMBING ever by Paul Mooney @arseniohall I wanted to walk out!"
Eventually, Arsenio jumped in and helped end the segment in a respectful manner. The bit that made air was severely edited down, but you could see that Mooney was rambling and making almost no sense. It ends rather abruptly after about three minutes. Check it out below. | 2024-01-01T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3952 |
A novel synthetic method for hybridoma cell encapsulation.
We report here what we believe is the first example of the encapsulation of hybridoma cells within a synthetic polymer by a simple gelation with dissolved cations in water, and at room temperature. Two lines of hybridoma cells were encapsulated within calcium cross-linked polyphosphazene gel microbeads without affecting their viability or their capability to produce antibodies. Interaction of these gel beads with the positively-charged polyelectrolyte, poly(L-lysine), of 102-kD molecular weight, produced a semipermeable membrane that was capable of retaining the cell-secreted antibodies inside the beads. Cell density increased 3.5-fold within 13 days concomitant with a 6.4-fold increase in antibody production. These synthetic membranes have the potential to aid in protein recovery schemes. | 2024-07-31T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3166 |
Gates Foundation Follies (Part 1)
A sketch of the $500 million new Gates Foundation headquarters
Jason Riley’s interview with Bill Gates in the Wall Street Journal was not as great as Riley’s interview with me last week (shameless plug for my new mini-book), but it was still very illuminating. In particular, the Gates interview confirmed two things about the Foundation’s education efforts: 1) they’ve realized that the focus of their efforts has to be on the political control of schools and 2) they are uninterested in using that political influence to advance market forces in education. Instead, the basic strategy of the Gates Foundation is to use science (or, more accurately, the appearance of science) to identify the “best” educational practices and then use political influence to create a system of national standards, curricular materials, and testing to impose those “best practices” on schools nationwide.
The Gates Foundation came to understand the necessity of political influence over schools with the failure of their previous small schools strategy. Under that strategy they tried to achieve reform by paying school districts to break-up larger high schools into smaller ones. The problem with that strategy is that even the Gates Foundation does not have nearly enough money to buy systemic reform one school at a time.
School districts currently spend over $600 billion per year and the Gates Foundation only has $34 billion in total assets. With the practice of spending only about 5% of assets each year and given the large (and effective) efforts the Foundation makes in developing country health-care, Gates only spends a couple hundred million dollars on education reform each year. Given the small share of total education spending Gates could offer, most public districts refused to entertain the Gates strategy of smaller schools, others took the money but failed to implement it properly, and others reversef the reform once the Gates subsidies ended.
Philanthropists simply don’t have enough resource to reshape the education system on their own; all their giving put together amounts to only a tiny fraction of total education spending, so their dollars alone can’t make a significant difference. In order to make a real difference, philanthropists must support programs that redirect how future public education dollars are spent.
And in 2008 I repeated this claim, saying: “total private giving to public education is a tiny portion of total spending on schools. All giving, from the bake sale to the Gates Foundation, makes up less than one-third of 1% of total spending. It’s basically rounding error.”
“It’s worth remembering that $600 billion a year is spent by various government entities on education, and all the philanthropy that’s ever been spent on this space is not going to add up to $10 billion. So it’s truly a rounding error.”
This understanding of just how little influence seemingly large donations can have has led the foundation to rethink its focus in recent years. Instead of trying to buy systemic reform with school-level investments, a new goal is to leverage private money in a way that redirects how public education dollars are spent.
While the focus of the Gates Foundation on influencing education policy is sensible, the particular political approach they have chosen is doomed to fail and attempting it is likely to be counter-productive. In Part 2 of this post I will explain how the new strategy Gates has decided to pursue is flawed.
To give you a taste of what is coming in Part 2, the arguments can be summarized as: 1) Education does not lend itself to a single “best” approach, so the Gates effort to use science to discover best practices is unable to yield much productive fruit; 2) As a result, the Gates folks have mostly been falsely invoking science to advance practices and policies they prefer for which they have no scientific support; 3) Attempting to impose particular practices on the nation’s education system is generating more political resistance than even the Gates Foundation can overcome, despite their focus on political influence and their devotion of significant resources to that effort; 4) The scale of the political effort required by the Gates strategy of imposing “best” practices is forcing Gates to expand its staffing to levels where it is being paralyzed by its own administrative bloat; and 5) The false invocation of science as a political tool to advance policies and practices not actually supported by scientific evidence is producing intellectual corruption among the staff and researchers associated with Gates, which will undermine their long-term credibility and influence.
[…] be successful in pushing the agenda. In fact, contrary to some of the arguments Jay P. Greene posits today on his eponymous blog, the Gates Foundation, along with other donors, have actually been […]
Why does the cost of a reformed system have to be equivalent to the current system? How is that a valid argument?
For instance, I think there is great evidence that the best way to deliver good education to all students is to take it out of the classroom and put it online. Then the education can be tailored to the individual students’ needs, and the students may take the time they need to learn a particular topic, instead of forcing all kids to the pace of the mean (slowing quick students who may lose interest and going faster than some students can handle). The cost of such a system would be far cheaper than the modern system, as you do not need to pay millions of mediocre-to-poor teachers, only a few hundred great teachers (at better competitive rates), the design and implementation of the central site (task size about that of a medium-to-large software house), and then you pay for child care rather than teachers for geographical distribution, a much lower pay rate.
There are many radical ideas supported by science that can be accomplished for less funds. And yes, I said science. Even this post claims there is no one-fits-all solution, supported by research, and an engineering solution to that dilemma is presented in the previous paragraph. The lack of a single strategy does not invalidate science.
Defenders of the education status quo see a corporatist bogeyman behind not only teacher quality reform,but the entire North American school reform movement. Some common front teacher organizations see conspiracies everywhere and even suggest that “plutocrats” are gaining control of the public education system. Such fantasies have even found their way onto education blogs.
Such a notion is truly laughable here in Canada where corporate influence is negligible. The Fraser Institute and AIMS, for example, are run on a virtual shoestring. School board joint ventures and public-private partnerships, like the Toronto Learning Partnership, mimmick the CEA and simply pour more money into existing publicly-funded programs.
You have captured the U.S. situation with deadly accuracy. The Gates Foundation has invested $5B over the past decade in various school reform initiatives, including small school advocacy and teacher quality reform. That sounds like a tremendous investment until you realize that U.S. school districts spend $600 billion a year.
Public spending on education, in the U.S. and in Canada, drives the system. The Gates Foundation learned, the hard way, that institutional inertia can effectively stymie projects like the Small School initiative. All private philanthropy can do is to either fund “lighthouse” reforms or to try to influence future directions. The odds are still stacked against Gates and the champions of system reform. | 2024-04-15T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5118 |
Predictive factors for tracheostomy in neurocritical care patients with spontaneous supratentorial hemorrhage.
Up to 30% of patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) require mechanical ventilation during the course of treatment. For these patients, tracheostomy is necessary in cases of protracted weaning. As only limited data exist about predictors for a tracheostomy in patients with ICH, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of tracheostomy and clinical findings that increase the risk for a tracheostomy in patients with supratentorial hemorrhage. A total of 392 patients with supratentorial ICH were analyzed. The parameters age, gender, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Glasgow Coma Scale on admission, ganglionic or non-ganglionic localization, presence of ventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, hematoma volume, and hematoma evacuation were investigated. The effects on the end-point tracheostomy were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses. The overall need for tracheostomy was 9.9% (16.3% in patients with ganglionic hemorrhage versus 2.8% in patients with non-ganglionic hemorrhages). 31% of the ventilated patients required tracheostomy. The risk for tracheostomy was increased eightfold in patients who developed hydrocephalus. The presence of ventricular blood, in general, showed no significant impact on the need for tracheostomy, whereas hemorrhage extending into the third and fourth ventricles in conjunction with hydrocephalus increased the risk for tracheostomy. The hematoma volume correlated positively with the risk for tracheostomy. Our study demonstrates that approximately 10% of patients with ICH require tracheostomy during the course of their disease. Presence of COPD, hematoma volume, ganglionic location of the hematoma, and the development of hydrocephalus are predisposing factors for tracheostomy. | 2024-02-26T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6570 |
395 Mass. 135 (1985)
479 N.E.2d 132
PATTI Z. DOTEN
vs.
BRUCE E. DOTEN.
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Plymouth.
March 8, 1985.
June 10, 1985.
Present: HENNESSEY, C.J., WILKINS, ABRAMS, & LYNCH, JJ.
*136 John J. Perenyi for the defendant.
Ira L. Lipman for the plaintiff.
BY THE COURT.
The defendant appeals from an order of the Probate Court dismissing his appeal from a judgment nisi of divorce because of his failure to order a transcript, as required by Mass. R.A.P. 8 (b) (1), as appearing in 378 Mass. 924 (1979). We transferred the case to this court on our own motion, and we affirm.
The defendant argues that his appeal should not have been dismissed for failure to order a transcript since no evidentiary hearing occurred from which a transcript could have been made. Alternatively, he challenges the judge's finding that this failure was the product of inexcusable neglect. The defendant also raises several points relating to the merits of his dismissed appeal. He contends that, once the judge had vacated the first judgment nisi of divorce, he was required to hold new evidentiary hearings before a new judgment could be entered. He also argues that he was improperly "defaulted" of the opportunity to present new evidence because of his failure to appear at a hearing scheduled for that purpose. Finally, the defendant claims that he was not required to appear at the hearing because he did not receive adequate legal notice of the hearing date. We reject each of these contentions.
The following facts appear in the record. The parties were married in 1973 and separated in January, 1980. On April 22, 1980, the plaintiff filed a complaint for divorce, alleging cruel and abusive treatment. In March, 1981, the defendant also filed a complaint for divorce. The cases were tried at seven hearings held during 1982, and on October 18, 1982, the parties concluded a separation agreement. Judgment nisi of divorce, incorporating the terms of that agreement, was entered on the same day. The defendant then "appealed" from that judgment on November 17, 1982, apparently because the plaintiff allegedly was not complying with the terms of that agreement.[1]*137 Claiming that the defendant's appeal effectively repudiated the separation agreement, the plaintiff moved to vacate the judgment incorporating that agreement (first judgment) on the ground of fraud. The judge granted this motion on March 4, 1983, and ordered the case returned to the trial list at the earliest available date, including any dates that a cancellation might make available. The trial was initially scheduled to occur in September, 1983, but a cancellation made available the dates of May 10 and 12, 1983, instead. When the parties were given notice by telephone of the new dates, the defendant objected, claiming that May 10 was inconvenient for a variety of reasons.[2] The judge declined to continue the case, and considered the defendant's request to be "in keeping with his general sport of delaying the right of the plaintiff to proceed on her complaint and to bring these proceedings to an orderly conclusion."
The defendant did not appear on May 10, and the judge decided that the defendant had thereby waived his right to *138 present further evidence. On August 4, 1983, a new judgment nisi of divorce (second judgment) was entered, which conformed in most respects to the original separation agreement. The defendant filed a timely notice of appeal from the second judgment, but on September 26, 1983, the judge granted the plaintiff's motion to dismiss the appeal for the inexcusable failure to order a transcript. The defendant now appeals from that dismissal, and presses the merits of his dismissed appeal as well.
1. Dismissal of the appeal. Within ten days of filing his notice of appeal from the second judgment, the defendant was required to order from the court reporter a transcript of such parts of the proceedings as he deemed necessary. Mass. R.A.P. 8 (b) (1). Doing so is an "act reasonably necessary to enable the clerk to assemble the record" (Mass. R.A.P. 9 [c] [1], as appearing in 378 Mass. 924 [1979]), and failure to perform this act entitles the lower court, on a finding of inexcusable neglect, to dismiss the appeal. Mass. R.A.P. 10 (c), as appearing in 378 Mass. 924 (1979).[3] See Points East, Inc. v. City Council of Gloucester, 15 Mass. App. Ct. 722, 723 (1983).
The defendant admits that he did not order any transcript; nor did he attempt to cure his noncompliance after the plaintiff's motion was made and before the judge's decision. Instead, the defendant asserts that he could not have ordered a transcript of the May 10 hearing because, as a consequence of the defendant's failure to appear, nothing occurred on that date that would have been recorded in a transcript.
The defendant is correct that he was not required to order a transcript of the May 10 hearing because "[n]o evidentiary hearing had been held ..., and thus there was no transcript to be ordered." Maurice Callahan & Sons v. Outdoor Advertising *139 Bd., 376 Mass. 135, 136 (1978). See Reiter Oldsmobile, Inc. v. General Motors Corp., 6 Mass. App. Ct. 637, 640 (1978). But that correct statement of the law is irrelevant to this case. The defendant was appealing from a judgment based on evidence from seven days of hearings held during 1982, prior to the first judgment. At each of those hearings, the proceedings were recorded either by a stenographer or by electronic tape. If the defendant intended to base his appeal on anything that transpired during those hearings, he was required to order a transcript. The fact that the papers involved in the case were somehow lost or misplaced does not relieve the defendant of this requirement, since the record indicates that the recordings of those hearings were available. Even if we assume that the defendant believed that his appeal raised no issues requiring a transcript of the evidence, he was required to state as much to the plaintiff. See rule 8 (b) (1). See also Points East, Inc. v. City Council of Gloucester, supra at 724. Since the plaintiff maintains that a transcript of the proceedings prior to the first judgment was necessary to establish the propriety of the second judgment, which was being appealed, the plaintiff would then have had the opportunity to inform the defendant of that fact and to require the defendant to order such a transcript. See rule 8 (b) (1).
The defendant also disputes the judge's finding that his failure to proceed properly under rule 8 (b) (1) was the result of inexcusable neglect. The judge made written findings in support of his decision to dismiss the appeal. See Tammaro v. Colarusso, 11 Mass. App. Ct. 44, 47 n. 7 (1980). He found that all the exhibits were in the possession of the court and that no transcripts of the evidence had been made because the defendant had not ordered them. The judge also found that the defendant's failure to comply with rule 8 (b) (1) "has been both deliberate and willful and has had as its only purpose to delay and obstruct the orderly and appropriate conclusion of this litigation and to further harass, humiliate and torment the plaintiff." Since no justifiable reason has been put forth as to why the defendant failed to comply with the rules of appellate procedure, we cannot say that the judge's finding of inexcusable neglect was not warranted here.
*140 Of course, dismissal of the appeal in this case is not mandatory, and we are free to consider whether equity requires that procedural flaws be overlooked. Vyskocil v. Vyskocil, 376 Mass. 137, 140 (1978). Gilmore v. Gilmore, 369 Mass. 598, 602-603 (1976). See Mass. R.A.P. 3 (a), as amended, 378 Mass. 924 (1979). Nevertheless, we recognize that filing a notice of appeal is not to be treated "merely as a taking of an option to appeal the case should appellants later determine to do so." Taylor v. S & D Enterprises, Ltd., 601 F.2d 175, 176 (5th Cir.1979). Instead, "[t]he responsibility for expediting the appeal [is] squarely on the appellant." Mailer v. Mailer, 387 Mass. 401, 407 (1982). In this case, the defendant has advanced no reason to consider his failure to order a transcript (and his failure to cure) merely "an inconsequential breach" of the rules. Gilmore v. Gilmore, supra at 603. See Superintendent of Worcester State Hosp. v. Hagberg, 374 Mass. 271, 273-274 (1978) (appellant "had not been at all derelict"); Schulte v. Director of the Div. of Employment Sec., 369 Mass. 74, 79 (1975) ("relatively innocuous" misstep). Rather, the situation the defendant now finds himself in "was entirely due to his own inaction." Dorrance v. Zoning Bd. of Appeal of N. Attleborough, 7 Mass. App. Ct. 932, 933 (1979). See Goldstein v. Barron, 382 Mass. 181, 186 (1980) (no relief for "garden-variety oversight").
Nor can the defendant persuasively argue that the resultant delay did not prejudice the plaintiff in this five year old divorce case, already prolonged by the defendant's improper appeal of an earlier judgment to which he had agreed. Compare Tammaro v. Colarusso, supra at 49. The plaintiff here is "entitled to the progress of [the appeal] with reasonable dispatch and to some protection against purposeful stretching out of appellate proceedings." Points East, Inc. v. City Council of Gloucester, supra at 726.
2. Merits of the appeal. Even if this court were to overlook the defendant's neglect in pursuing his appeal, reversal of the second judgment is not warranted on the merits of the case.
a. Necessity of an evidentiary hearing. The defendant argues that, once the judge had vacated the first judgment, he was *141 required to hold new evidentiary hearings before a new judgment could be entered. The defendant apparently reasons that, as a consequence of the first judgment's being vacated, all evidence associated with that judgment must be treated as nonexistent. We do not agree.
As the defendant points out, a hearing is required before any division of property in a divorce action. In Bianco v. Bianco, 371 Mass. 420, 423 (1976), this court held that "the record must show beyond doubt that the judge considered all the factors set forth by [G.L.c. 208, § 34]." See Rice v. Rice, 372 Mass. 398, 401 n. 3 (1977). The judge made the required findings in this case, and, since the defendant has not ordered a transcript of the evidence, we must assume that those findings were adequately supported. See, e.g., McDonough Marine Serv., Inc. v. M/V Royal St., 608 F.2d 203, 204 (5th Cir.1979); Matter of Colonial Realty Inv. Co., 516 F.2d 154, 160 (1st Cir.1975).
In this case, we hold that the judge was not required to conduct new evidentiary hearings before issuing the second judgment.[4] To require that the judge expunge from his mind all the prior testimony introduced at hearings involving the same issues and parties just because the prior judgment was vacated would neither be practical nor contribute to a speedy resolution of divorce cases and a conservation of judicial resources.
b. Default. Nevertheless, the defendant maintains that the judge should not have deprived him of an opportunity to present new evidence because he failed to appear for the hearing on May 10. The driving force of this argument is his assertion that the concept of default is completely inapplicable in domestic relations cases. We decide that the defendant's interpretation goes too far.
The court has recognized "the traditional policy against default judgments in domestic relations cases" (emphasis added). *142 Imprescia v. Imprescia, 392 Mass. 101, 104 (1984). In that case, we held that a default judgment of contempt of a divorce decree for failure to comply with discovery orders was not proper when other, less severe sanctions were available. Id. at 104-106. See Teuscher v. Teuscher, 9 Mass. App. Ct. 914 (1980). But this case does not involve a default judgment. It involves only the defendant's being deprived of the opportunity to present additional evidence, in a case where he has already had an adequate opportunity to present evidence at prior hearings. In Imprescia, we did not rule out any sanctions for procedural abuses in domestic relations cases. Indeed, we expressly held that a sanction precluding the presentation of evidence could be appropriate in certain situations. Id. at 105-106. We cannot say that the judge erred by imposing this sanction here.
c. Notice. Finally, the defendant claims that the reason he did not appear on May 10 was that he did not receive legally sufficient notice of that hearing. The defendant asserts that the only notice he received came from a telephone conversation with the plaintiff's counsel on May 6, and that such notice does not comport with Rule 29 of the Rules of the Probate Court (1979), or Rule XI of the New Uniform Practices of Probate Courts (1974). We conclude that notice was sufficient.
Nothing in the record suggests that the defendant objected to the judge's scheduling decision to hear the case at the first available date, including dates made available by cancellations. More importantly, the defendant does not dispute that he received actual notice of the hearing date on May 6. Indeed, he independently confirmed this date with the Probate Court.
There is no question that the defendant had constitutionally adequate notice, since all that is required is that notice be "reasonably calculated to give ... actual notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard." Commonwealth v. Olivo, 369 Mass. 62, 68 (1975), quoting Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U.S. 457, 463 (1940). See Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950). See also Opinion of the Justices, 365 Mass. 681, 693 (1974); Milton v. Massachusetts *143 Bay Transp. Auth., 356 Mass. 467, 471 (1969).[5] What the defendant essentially argues is that, even if he receives actual notice, if in his opinion that notice is inadequate, he has no duty to appear in court. That contention is clearly without merit. No valid reason appears why it was not possible for him to appear. Had he done so, he could have presented his objections to the method of notice and any reasons why he did not have sufficient time to prepare. He could have then requested additional time, and if that request had been denied, that ruling could have been reviewed on appeal. Simply put, once the defendant had actual notice of the hearing, he did not have the option of ignoring it and of saving his objections for a time more convenient to his schedule.
Order dismissing appeal affirmed.
NOTES
[1] The separation agreement and the first judgment are not included in the record. Presuming that the judgment did not differ from the agreement, we note that the judge would have been warranted in dismissing the defendant's "appeal." Once the defendant had consented to the separation agreement, he was not at liberty to attack by appeal the judgment which incorporated that agreement. The defendant could have sought relief from that judgment on any of the grounds available under Mass. R. Dom. Rel. P. 60 (b) (1975). See, e.g., Ross v. Ross, 385 Mass. 30, 32 (1982) (reversal of prior judgment); Robbins v. Robbins, 16 Mass. App. Ct. 576, 580-581 (1983) (newly discovered evidence); Grindlinger v. Grindlinger, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 823 (1980) (coercion, duress and undue influence). See also Scholz v. Scholz, 367 Mass. 143, 145 (1975) (fraud or mistake). Alternatively, he could have brought a contempt action if he felt that the plaintiff was not abiding by the judgment. Or, on a showing of changed circumstances, he could have sought a modification of the judgment. See Schuler v. Schuler, 382 Mass. 366, 368 (1981).
[2] Among the reasons alleged by the defendant (who was not employed) were: that the week set for trial was National Small Business Week, during which the defendant was scheduled to attend certain functions; that the following week was National Transportation Week, for which the defendant was involved in organizing activities; that he wanted to attend a board meeting of the Alliance Francaise and a dinner given by the South Shore Chamber of Commerce on May 10; that there was insufficient time to reach his witnesses and that he needed more time to earn the money to pay them; that he planned to spend all his time with his children on the weekend before trial; that his files were disorganized; and that he needed more time before trial to help his children with cub scouts and church activities. Although the defendant had written that he would not be ready for trial until September, he did appear on May 12.
[3] Rule 10 (c) states: "If any appellant in a civil case shall fail to comply with rule 9 (c) ..., the lower court may, on motion with notice by any appellee, dismiss the appeal, but only upon a finding of inexcusable neglect; otherwise, the court shall enlarge the appellant's time for taking the required action. If, prior to the lower court's hearing such motion, the appellant shall have cured the noncompliance, the appellant's compliance shall be deemed timely."
[4] We do not intend to suggest that there are no cases where an evidentiary hearing may be appropriate or even required after a prior judgment has been vacated.
[5] Assuming, without deciding, that the various court rules and practices cited by the defendant were not followed, we conclude that his position is not advanced. Having received and confirmed actual notice, he can complain of no prejudice causing his failure to appear.
| 2024-06-10T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6565 |
Q:
Complex where/join statement with codeigniter across several tables
I am having issues getting a large WHERE statement to function using codeigniters active record.
Below is the code I currently have
public function get_pending_posts($userid){
$where = "posts.complete = 0 AND poststatuses.contact != 3 AND (poststatuses.poster = $userid OR poststatuses.accepter = $userid)";
$data = $this->db->select('posts.id AS postid, posts.option, a.gravatar, posts.title,p.firstname AS pfirstname, p.lastname AS plastname, a.firstname AS afirstname, a.lastname AS alastname, poststatuses.contact,poststatuses.modified')
->join('users p','poststatuses.poster = p.id')
->join('users a','poststatuses.accepter = a.id')
->join('posts','poststatuses.postid = posts.id')
->where($where)
->get('poststatuses');
$results = array();
if($data->num_rows()){
$results['num'] = $data->num_rows();
$results['requests'] = $data->result();
}
else{
$results['num'] = 0;
}
return $results;
}
When I call this function I get the following error
Column 'complete' in where clause is ambiguous
SELECT * FROM (`poststatuses`) JOIN `posts` ON `posts`.`id` = `poststatuses`.`id` WHERE `complete` = 1 AND `rating` = 0
Any idea why CI is converting posts.complete = 0 to complete = 0?
A:
You could set the third parameter of where() method to FALSE to prevent CI from adding backticks to table/field names.
From CI doc:
$this->db->where() accepts an optional third parameter. If you set it
to FALSE, CodeIgniter will not try to protect your field or table
names with backticks.
As follows:
$this->db->where($where, NULL, FALSE);
| 2024-02-21T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/9530 |
E.J. Hradek, a co-host of NHL Live!, is reporting the Phoenix Coyotes and restricted free-agent forward Martin Hanzal have agreed on a two-year, $3.6 million contract.According to Hradek, Hanzal will make $1.5 million this season and $2.1 million in 2011-12.Hanzal, 23, had career-best totals of 22 assists and 33 points last season, and his 11 goals tied his previous NHL best. The 17th pick of the 2005 Entry Draft added 3 assists in seven playoff games. He also led the team with 175 hits, was third among forwards with 42 blocked shots and 29 takeaways, and won 50.6 percent of his faceoffs.In three seasons, Hanzal has 30 goals and 99 points in 227 games, all with the Coyotes. | 2024-05-21T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6329 |
Galena-Illinois.net - The best of Galena IL lodging, bed & breakfast, hotel, restaurant and shopping. Looking for a special GalenaIllinois hotel, Galena IL bed & breakfast, Galena vacation rental house or other GalenaIllinois lodging? Can't remember the name of the Galena restaurant or GalenaIllinois store you want to visit? Or just looking for more fun activities in the Galena Ill area?...
The DeSoto House Hotel - Downtown GalenaIllinois » The Desoto House Hotel
The DeSoto House Hotel is the oldest operating hotel in Illinois, first opening its doors in 1855. Find out more about the DeSoto House History. Let the DeSoto House Hotel make your day a Historic Event. Since 1855 we have been the premier location for Galena’s most beautiful weddings. Come and enjoy the fall season at the DeSoto House Hotel and see all that Galena has to offer with our special...
Alfie Mueller was a lifelong resident of Galena, Illinois. Throughout his life, Alfie collected over 10,000 photographs, lithographs and tin-types documenting Galena’s great history. We have assembled some of Alfie’s collection, and hope to include more in the very near future. Please peruse the...
Just a one-tank trip from many Midwestern cities, Galena/Jo Daviess County offers you a getaway filled with local flavor, rich history and rolling vineyards. Galena/Jo Daviess County CVB Will Shine a Light on the Destination at the 25th BMO Harris Bank Magnificent Mile Lights Festival in Chicago, IL. BMO Harris Bank Magnificent Mile Lights Festival in Chicago, IL The Galena/Jo Daviess County...
Galena, Illinois inspired by nature and overlooking the banks of the Galena River, our rolling hills, scenic roads and historic charm along with our welcoming Main Street embraces a simpler time. Galena is the perfect place to connect with those who are special in your life. Our rolling hills, scenic roads and historic charm revitalize the spirit. Inspired by nature and overlooking the banks of...
Planning a stay at The Victorian Mansion Bed and Breakfast not only opens the doors to a beautiful B&B, but also unique experiences in historic Galena, Illinois and Jo Daviess County. Accommodations include eight guest rooms, each with its own private bath and unique character. All of our rooms have Egyptian cotton linens and deluxe pillow top mattresses. Enjoy walking our of English gardens or...
History of General Ulysses S. Grant's home, family and other historic sites in Galena, Illinois including the Congressman Elihu Washburne Home and Old Market House. President Ulysses S. Grant's Home, Congressman Elihu B. Washburne's Home, several parks and neighborhood homes near the Grant Home, the Old Market House and the Information Center in the Market House Square on Commerce Street are...
The Palace Campground, on 50 quiet, wooded acres in historic Galena IL, offers all types of tent and camper hook-ups, a swimming pool, mini golf and more! Founded in 1848, the Palace Campgrounds is the oldest campground in the state of Illinois. Situated on 50 quiet, wooded acres only two miles from historic downtown Galena we accommodate all types of tents and campers. We're open April 1st to...
Galena Country Fair is the premier arts and crafts fair in Galena, Illinois. Original, quality, handmade arts and crafts, fine arts, bakery, kids games, food and live entertainment. Galena Country Fair is volunteer-organized with event proceeds returned to the community through a grant program. Please support this worthwhile cause by attending the fair, participating in the silent auction and...
P.R.A.I.S.E. - Central Illinois - P.R.A.I.S.E now has 3 chapters in central Illinois. The original chapter is based out of Decatur and serves families in the Macon-Piatt Special Education Coop. The Moultrie county chapter is based out of Sullivan and serves parents in Moultrie and Shelby counties, and the Coles county chapter has been based out of Charleston and serves famillies in the...
The perfect Illinois getaway destination, Eagle Ridge Resort & Spa is a luxury Galena, IL resort just steps away from exciting shopping, dining and activities. The Eagle Ridge Advantage program provides Eagle Ridge Resort & Spa guests resort-wide discounts when they book their reservations directly with Eagle Ridge. We realize that although there are many choices where to stay while in the...
Illinois Bank & Trust serves customers from locations in the Rockford, Rock Falls/Sterling region, Galena, Elizabeth and Stockton, Illinois markets. Illinois Bank & Trust's goal is to promote saving and financial responsibility while making it fun and exciting! We have two banking clubs available for our young customers: SuperStar Club for kids ages 0-12 and TEEN Banking for teens ages 13-18....
Vacation home rentals in the Galena territory of Apple River, IL. Welcome to Apple Canyon Rentals! Located in the heartland near Galena, Illinois, our vacation homes are located in the beautiful private community of Apple Canyon Lake. Whether you're planning a reunion, a business retreat, or simply just want to get away and unwind, we invite you to explore our website and let yourself begin...
Boasting an impressive array of amenities, accommodations, comforts and activities, Chestnut Mountain is the choice Illinois travel destination. Conveniently located near historic Galena, nestled neatly amongst the hills overlooking the Mississippi, it’s the perfect base for exploring all the greater tri-state region has to offer. Reserve online or call 1-800-397-1320 to speak with us directly.
Boasting an impressive array of amenities, accommodations, comforts and activities, Chestnut Mountain is the choice Illinois travel destination. Conveniently located near historic Galena, nestled neatly amongst the hills overlooking the Mississippi, it’s the perfect base for exploring all the greater tri-state region has to offer. Reserve online or call 1-800-397-1320 to speak with us directly.
Scenic Hideaways presents The Galena Lake House and the Cottage on Lake Galena corporate and vaca...
Scenic Hideaways presents The Galena Lake House and the Cottage on Lake Galena. Outstanding vacation rental retreats, The Lake House is for corporate meetings and large groups and the Cottage is perfect for honeymoons or small private get togethers, or vacations. The Galena Lake House and The Cottage on Lake Galena near Galena, Illinois are among our family of outstanding waterfront rental...
GalenaIllinois's premier bed and breakfast and the only one overlooking the Mississippi River. The castle at the Mississippi River is an idyllic location for weddings, honeymoons, romantic weekend getaways or corporate retreats. We invite you to be our guest at the historic Goldmoor Inn, the only Galena bed and breakfast located high above the banks of the Mississippi River with stunning views... | 2024-07-31T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5309 |
This is a really fun ring. Designed in the 1960s, it has a bold layered look that is topped off by a large faux pearl while a small aurora borealis stones accents each side to give the ring an added bit of allure. The ring is expandable but currently is sized at a 7. It looks absolutely fabulous on and is in very good condition with only minor wear to the band. | 2023-11-18T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8124 |
package net.osmand.aidl.navigation;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
public class NavigateParams implements Parcelable {
private String startName;
private double startLat;
private double startLon;
private String destName;
private double destLat;
private double destLon;
private String profile;
private boolean force;
public NavigateParams(String startName, double startLat, double startLon, String destName, double destLat, double destLon, String profile, boolean force) {
this.startName = startName;
this.startLat = startLat;
this.startLon = startLon;
this.destName = destName;
this.destLat = destLat;
this.destLon = destLon;
this.profile = profile;
this.force = force;
}
public NavigateParams(Parcel in) {
readFromParcel(in);
}
public static final Creator<NavigateParams> CREATOR = new Creator<NavigateParams>() {
@Override
public NavigateParams createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new NavigateParams(in);
}
@Override
public NavigateParams[] newArray(int size) {
return new NavigateParams[size];
}
};
public String getStartName() {
return startName;
}
public double getStartLat() {
return startLat;
}
public double getStartLon() {
return startLon;
}
public String getDestName() {
return destName;
}
public double getDestLat() {
return destLat;
}
public double getDestLon() {
return destLon;
}
public String getProfile() {
return profile;
}
public boolean isForce() {
return force;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
out.writeString(startName);
out.writeDouble(startLat);
out.writeDouble(startLon);
out.writeString(destName);
out.writeDouble(destLat);
out.writeDouble(destLon);
out.writeString(profile);
out.writeByte((byte) (force ? 1 : 0));
}
private void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
startName = in.readString();
startLat = in.readDouble();
startLon = in.readDouble();
destName = in.readString();
destLat = in.readDouble();
destLon = in.readDouble();
profile = in.readString();
force = in.readByte() != 0;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
}
| 2024-03-12T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6724 |
Q:
Prove that if $m$ and $n$ are positive integers, and $x$ is a real number, then: $ceiling(\frac{ceiling(x)+n}{m}) = ceiling(\frac{x+n}{m})$
I can't get eq (1) and eq (2)
Question: Prove that if $m$ and $n$ are positive integers, and $x$ is a real number, then: $ceiling(\frac{ceiling(x)+n}{m}) = ceiling(\frac{x+n}{m})$
Answer:
Let us define the real number $x$ as the sum of an integer ‘$a$’ and a positive real number ‘$b$’ which is lesser than $1$. Therefore, $x = a + b$, where $a$ is an integer and $b$ is a real number lesser than $1$.
Therefore,
$=ceiling(\frac{ceiling(x)+n}{m})$
$=ceiling(\frac{ceiling(a+b)+n}{m})$
$=ceiling(\frac{ceiling(b)+a+n}{m})$
$=ceiling(\frac{1+a+n}{m})$
$=ceiling(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{a+n}{m}) \dots (1)$
Evaluating the other expression,
$= ceiling(\frac{x+n}{m})$
$= ceiling(\frac{a+b+n}{m})$
$= ceiling(\frac{x}{m}+\frac{n}{m})$
$= ceiling(\frac{b}{m}+\frac{a+n}{m}) \dots (2)$
A:
This is straightforward using the universal property of the ceiling function, viz.
$$\rm k\ge \lceil r \rceil \color{#c00}\iff k\ge r,\ \ \ for\ \ \ k\in \mathbb Z,\ r\in \mathbb R$$
Therefore for $\rm\:0 < m,n\in \mathbb Z,\ x\in \mathbb R,\ $
$${\rm\begin{eqnarray}
&\rm \qquad\qquad k &\ge&\:\rm\ \lceil (\lceil x \rceil + n)/ m\rceil \\
\color{#c00}\iff& \qquad\qquad\rm k &\ge&\ \ \ \ \rm (\lceil x \rceil + n)/m \\
\iff&\qquad \rm mk\!-\!n\ &\ge&\ \ \rm\ \ \ \lceil x \rceil \\
\color{#c00}\iff&\qquad \rm mk\!-\!n &\ge&\ \ \rm\ \ \ \ \ x \\
\iff&\qquad\qquad \rm k &\ge&\ \ \rm \ \ \ \ (x+n)/m \\
\color{#c00}\iff&\qquad\qquad \rm k &\ge&\ \ \rm \ \ \lceil(x+n)/m \rceil \\ \\
\Rightarrow\ \ &\rm \lceil (\lceil x \rceil + n)/ m\rceil\ &=&\rm\ \ \lceil(x+n)/m \rceil
\end{eqnarray}}$$
If you know category theory you can view this universal property of ceiling as a left adjoint to the inclusion $\,\Bbb Z\to \Bbb R,\,$ e.g. see Arturo's answer here, or see most any textbook on category theory. But, of course, one need not know any category theory to understand the above proof. Indeed, I've had success explaining this (and similar universal-inspired proofs) to high-school students.
| 2023-09-11T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5109 |
62 Ill.2d 470 (1976)
343 N.E.2d 473
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT NO. 508, COUNTY OF COOK, Appellee,
v.
COOK COUNTY COLLEGE TEACHERS UNION, LOCAL 1600, et al., Appellants. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT NO. 508, COOK COUNTY, Appellee,
v.
COOK COUNTY COLLEGE TEACHERS UNION, LOCAL 1600, Appellant. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT NO. 508, COUNTY OF COOK, Appellee,
v.
COOK COUNTY COLLEGE TEACHERS UNION, LOCAL 1600, et al., Appellants.
Nos. 47137, 47138, 47139.
Supreme Court of Illinois.
Opinion filed January 26, 1976.
Rehearing denied March 25, 1976.
*471 *472 Gilbert A. Cornfield, of Kleiman, Cornfield & Feldman, of Chicago, for appellants.
Roger J. Kiley, Jr., of Chicago, for appellee.
R.W. Deffenbaugh, of Drach, Terrell and Deffenbaugh, of Springfield, for amicus curiae Illinois Education Association.
J. Dale Berry, of Kleiman, Cornfield & Feldman, of Chicago, for appellant.
Roger J. Kiley, Jr., of Chicago, for appellee.
R.W. Deffenbaugh, of Drach, Terrell and Deffenbaugh, of Springfield, for amicus curiae Illinois Education Association.
J. Dale Berry, of Kleiman, Cornfield & Feldman, of Chicago, for appellants.
Roger J. Kiley, Jr., of Chicago, for appellee.
*473 R.W. Deffenbaugh, of Drach, Terrell and Deffenbaugh, of Springfield, for amicus curiae Illinois Education Association.
Aff'd in pt. & rev'd in pt. Judgment affirmed. Reversed and remanded.
MR. JUSTICE UNDERWOOD delivered the opinion of the court:
These three cases involving different, but related, issues in disputes that have arisen between substantially the same parties were consolidated for argument and opinion. Plaintiff in each action is the Board of Trustees of Junior College District No. 508, Cook County, Illinois (the Board), organized pursuant to statute (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 122, par. 101-1 et seq.). The Board operates seven public junior colleges within the city of Chicago serving approximately 36,000 students and employing some 1200 full-time teachers. Defendant in each action is the Cook County College Teachers Union, Local 1600, affiliated with the American Federation of Teachers. Additional defendants were joined in Nos. 47137 and 47139 as individuals, officers of the union, collective bargaining representatives of the union, or as members and representatives of the class of members of the union. The Board and union have been involved in a collective bargaining relationship since 1967, during which time the Board has recognized the union as exclusive bargaining representative for all full-time teachers. The disputes at issue in these consolidated cases arose under the second and third collective bargaining agreements between the parties, spanning the 4 1/2-year period from January 1, 1969, to June 30, 1973.
The principal issue in No. 47137 is whether an arbitrator may award teaching contracts to nontenured junior college teachers whose contracts were not renewed without the prior, advisory faculty evaluation and recommendation called for by the collective bargaining agreement between the union and the Board.
Early in 1972, the president of one of the junior *474 colleges operated by the Board recommended that the Board not rehire eight nontenured teachers after the expiration of their one-year contracts. The union filed grievances on behalf of the teachers, based upon an alleged failure to comply with relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreement. Those provisions are contained in article VIII, section J, of the collective bargaining agreement and established a procedure whereby faculty advice regarding the Board's decision whether to renew employment contracts of nontenured teachers in each college department could be transmitted to the governing authorities. Eligible faculty members or a committee of their democratically chosen representatives were to evaluate nontenured teachers according to published criteria, and make a recommendation as to future employment which was to be forwarded to the college president, who was free to accept or reject it. The collective bargaining agreement, including the evaluation section, is incorporated into the teachers' employment contracts with the Board. It is undisputed that no such evaluation was made.
The grievance was denied and arbitration requested by the union, which urged as a remedy that the arbitrator grant employment contracts to the teachers. The case was docketed by the American Arbitration Association and set for hearing. Prior to that hearing and on July 18, 1972, the Board filed in the circuit court of Cook County a petition for declaratory relief, requesting the court to declare that the arbitrator could not grant employment contracts to teachers because sole power to do so was vested in the Board by statute and could not lawfully be delegated to another. After evidence and arguments were heard, the court filed a memorandum opinion holding that the arbitrator, if he found noncompliance with the collective bargaining agreement, could only order the Board to comply with the evaluation procedures; he could not grant employment contracts as a remedy.
A decree incorporating the provisions of the opinion *475 was entered on September 15, 1972, and the parties were ordered to proceed to arbitration. Subsequently, as part of an order entered October 23, 1972, the court made its memorandum opinion equally applicable to two earlier arbitration cases between the Board and the union, vacating those awards insofar as they purported to grant employment contracts or tenure to teachers. The union appealed from both orders, and the First District Appellate Court affirmed. (22 Ill. App.3d 1060.) We allowed leave to appeal.
While the union makes passing reference in its brief to its allegation that the circuit court was without jurisdiction to hear and determine the merits of this case, that contention is not pursued. Since the jurisdictional issue was fully presented to the appellate court, and we are satisfied that it was decided correctly, we need not consider it further.
The principal argument of the union is that the teachers were denied continued employment in violation of the evaluation procedures and that award of an employment contract is the appropriate resolution of an issue which, in essence, involves the enforceability of personal service contracts. To the contrary, replies the Board, an arbitrator's award of a public teaching contract is expressly prohibited by the terms of the collective bargaining agreement, the departmental faculty is itself entirely responsible for implementing the evaluation procedure and must bear the blame for its failure, any resulting departmental recommendation is only advisory in any event, and any agreement or contract which allowed an arbitrator to award positions of employment would constitute an unlawful delegation of the Board's sole, discretionary authority to appoint teachers.
Very recently we determined the effect of a similar provision of the School Code in Illinois Education Association v. Board of Education (1975), 62 Ill.2d 127. In that case, as here, the Board and union had *476 entered into a collective bargaining agreement which included a provision for the evaluation of classroom performance preceding the "[d]ischarge, demotion, or other involuntary change in the employment status of any teacher." The Board, without complying with the evaluation procedure, decided not to renew a teacher's employment contract. Actions of that Board were governed by the School Code, which imposed upon the Board the duty to appoint teachers (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 122, par. 10-20.7), and empowered it to terminate the employment of teachers by dismissal or the nonrenewal of probationary teachers' contracts (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 122, pars. 10-22.4 and 24-11 through 24-15). We held that these powers were discretionary and could not be delegated, and that a termination in compliance with the statute was valid notwithstanding a failure to comply with the evaluation provisions of the collective bargaining agreement.
In our judgment, the holding in Illinois Education Association controls the result in this case. We adhere to our position there stated that the Board's duties in appointing teachers are nondelegable, and it follows therefrom that the arbitrator is without authority to award an employment contract as a remedy for the violation of a collective bargaining agreement. Since our holding here sets aside previously awarded employment contracts, the tenure awards simultaneously fall, and there is no need to consider independently the arbitrator's authority to award tenure.
The trial court's memorandum opinion, while prohibiting the arbitrator from renewing the teaching contract, indicated that the arbitrator could require a reevaluation in accordance with the terms of the collective bargaining agreement. That conclusion, in our judgment, is incompatible with our opinion in Illinois Education Association. Since we held nonrenewal of the teachers' contracts valid even though accomplished without the prior performance evaluation, it is clear that the evaluation provision is not enforceable against the Board.
*477 It is urged by the union that constitutional requirements of due process as announced in Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth (1972), 408 U.S. 564, 33 L.Ed.2d 548, 92 S.Ct. 2701, and Perry v. Sindermann (1972), 408 U.S. 593, 33 L.Ed.2d 570, 92 S.Ct. 2694, preclude the conclusions we have reached. Roth held that a nontenured teacher whose contract is not renewed is not entitled to a due process hearing unless the decision not to rehire deprives him of his "liberty" or denies him a "property" interest in continued employment. Perry held that a nontenured teacher who had been under contract for 10 years had a right to argue in the trial court the existence of de facto tenure, rising to the level of a "property" interest that due process should protect. No argument is made that the teachers here were deprived of their "liberty," and it is clear they were neither tenured nor dismissed while under contract. (Slochower v. Board of Higher Education (1956), 350 U.S. 551, 100 L.Ed. 692, 76 S.Ct. 637; Wieman v. Updegraff (1952), 344 U.S. 183, 97 L.Ed. 216, 73 S.Ct. 215.) The question remaining is whether nontenured teachers' reliance on a nonbinding evaluation provision in a collective bargaining agreement constitutes a sufficient "property" interest to require a due process hearing in advance of the Board's decision not to renew their contracts. We hold that it does not. Nor, since the evaluation was not an obligation of the Board, but was to be conducted by the faculty, does nonrenewal of the contracts in the absence of that evaluation constitute an impairment by the Board of the employment contract.
The judgment of the appellate court is accordingly affirmed in No. 47137, except that its affirmance of the trial court's holding that reevaluation could be required is reversed.
The principal issue in No. 47138 at the appellate court level (22 Ill. App.3d 1053) was whether the Uniform Arbitration Act provided the exclusive remedy for restraining arbitration. We have no need to consider this narrow, procedural issue here, however, since we hold that the *478 matter of faculty promotions is a nondelegable power of the Board which it cannot be compelled to submit to arbitration.
In May of 1970, the union presented to the Board five grievances on behalf of various faculty members contending that they had been denied promotions in rank in violation of "past practices" of the Board, allegedly covered by the collective bargaining agreement. As remedies, the union sought promotions for each of the grievants to the faculty rank immediately above the rank they occupied at that time. The Board denied the grievances, and the cases were docketed by the American Arbitration Association, as provided in the collective bargaining agreement.
Following a period of negotiation between the parties, which is not relevant to our disposition of the case, the union advised the Association of its desire to reinstate the grievances on the hearing calendar. Thereafter on March 29, 1973, the Board filed in the Cook County circuit court its petition for an injunction and accompanying motion for a preliminary injunction, alleging that the matter of promotions is not subject to arbitration under the prior or present collective bargaining agreements; that a determination whether a faculty member shall or shall not be promoted rests in the sound discretion of the Board and cannot lawfully be delegated to an arbitrator or limited by a collective bargaining agreement.
The union moved to dismiss the Board's petition for injunction and to deny its motion for preliminary injunction. On April 2 the court denied the motion to dismiss, and temporarily enjoined the arbitration of the grievances. The union filed an interlocutory appeal. (58 Ill.2d R. 307(a)(1).) The Appellate Court for the First District affirmed (22 Ill. App.3d 1053), and we allowed leave to appeal.
We find nothing in the applicable collective bargaining agreements to indicate, as the union suggests, that promotions *479 are subject to binding arbitration. An agreement so providing would, in fact, constitute an impermissible delegation of the Board's authority to grant or deny promotions. That authority, in our judgment, is fairly implied in the language of section 3-42 of the Public Community College Act, which empowers the Board "[t]o employ such personnel as may be needed, to establish policies governing their employment and dismissal, and to fix the amount of their compensation." (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 122, par. 103-42.) In our opinion, the nondelegability of promotion decisions is a necessary consequence of the reasoning underlying our holding appointment decisions nondelegable in Illinois Education Association, referred to above. We see no legally significant distinction, as to delegability, in the fact that the Public Community College Act denominates the Board's appointment authority a "duty" and its promotion authority a "power." (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 122, pars. 103-21, 103-26, 103-30, 103-42.) Significantly, Illinois Education Association indicates that under the School Code neither the duty to appoint nor the power to dismiss is delegable. 62 Ill.2d 127, 130.
The union's final argument in this case is that the trial court erred by treating the Board's petition for injunction and motion for preliminary injunction as part of the on-going litigation between the parties rather than the filing of a new case. That question was fully argued in the appellate court and adequately treated in its opinion. We find no reason to discuss it further.
The judgment of the appellate court is affirmed in No. 47138.
The principal issue in No. 47139 is whether an arbitrator's award of back pay to certain faculty members for which no services were required to be performed was an illegal expenditure because it constituted a gift of public funds in violation of article VIII, section 1, of the Illinois Constitution.
*480 On June 11, 1971, the union filed a grievance on behalf of several teachers, alleging that the Board had violated article VIII, section F4, of the third collective bargaining agreement, which established a procedure for equalizing the distribution of extra work assignments among the faculty. That work consisted of teaching extra courses during the summer months, for which additional compensation was paid. The agreement required this extra work to be offered to qualified teachers on a rotational basis so that every teacher would receive an equal opportunity to perform extra work. In the summer of 1971, certain teachers were passed over in favor of other teachers who were behind them on the rotational scale, precipitating the grievance ultimately arbitrated before the American Arbitration Association. The arbitrator expressly found that the teachers could be made whole only by receiving retroactive compensation for the income lost to them (approximately $25,000) during the 1971 summer session as a result of the Board's failure to comply with its contractual obligations.
Thereafter, the Board applied to the circuit court for declaratory relief and modification of the arbitrator's award. The court granted summary judgment in favor of the Board and modified the arbitrator's award by directing that the teachers be required to perform extra work in the future instead of receiving back pay with no obligation to perform the extra duties. The Appellate Court for the First District affirmed (22 Ill. App.3d 1066), and we allowed the union's petition for leave to appeal.
At the outset we note that the Board does not raise here the question of nondelegability posed in Nos. 47137 and 47138. Nor, in our opinion, is there any problem on this ground with the binding agreement to allocate extra teaching assignments in an equitable fashion, for the Board retains the authority to select extra courses and to offer rotational employment only to teachers it has determined to be qualified to teach the offered courses.
*481 It is clear that the collective bargaining agreement grants authority to the arbitrator to determine grievances based on an alleged violation of the rotational employment scheme, and to issue an appropriate award if the allegation is proved. The arbitrator found, and the Board concedes, that the agreement was violated. The question for this court, therefore, is whether the back-pay award was lawful.
In United Steelworkers of America v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. (1960), 363 U.S. 593, 4 L.Ed.2d 1424, 80 S.Ct. 1358, the Supreme Court held that arbitrators may award back pay, and this court has held that public employees who have been wrongfully deprived of work are entitled to back pay (People ex rel. Bourne v. Johnson (1965), 32 Ill.2d 324; Kelly v. Chicago Park District (1951), 409 Ill. 91). The Board does not challenge the correctness of these decisions, but argues that unique facts in the present case distinguish it from a "routine" back-pay case. Specifically, the Board urges that the instant back-pay award made the teachers more than whole, thus constituting an illegal use of public funds.
The facts alleged to support this argument result from the teachers' employment under an academic year contract that does not include summer months. The work the Board improperly allocated involved teaching assignments for courses offered during the summer of 1971, which the Board characterizes as extra work or overtime. In a routine back-pay case where an employee is wrongfully suspended or discharged from full-time work, the Board observes, the employee cannot be made whole if he is required to perform the denied work, since his doing so would preclude his earning compensation for other work available at the same time. Thus, the remedy would not make the employee whole. In the present case, the Board argues, the teachers could make up the denied extra work, without financial prejudice, by teaching an additional course some future summer or in addition to their full-time academic-year *482 class load. The Board suggests that since full-time faculty members meet classes only 12 or 13 hours per week, they have many hours available during which to teach an additional course.
We find none of these arguments particularly persuasive. Their contracts gave the teachers the right to be offered employment during the summer of 1971 if the Board chose to provide courses. The Board does not argue that these teachers were unqualified, and we must assume they would have accepted employment had it been properly offered. The Board is mistaken in its assertion that the work can be made up, either during a summer or an academic year, without financial prejudice to the teachers, for in either situation the teachers, in order to accept the proffered extra work, would be forced to forego other work which might be available to them. That the work was overtime, rather than regular time, does not change this plain fact.
In our judgment, the teachers here involved are entitled to an unqualified award of back pay to the extent they established that they were available and willing to do the work which should have been offered them during the summer of 1971.
The judgments of the circuit and appellate courts are accordingly reversed in No. 47139 and the cause remanded to the circuit court of Cook County for such further proceedings as may be consistent with this opinion.
47137 Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
47138 Judgment affirmed.
47139 Reversed and remanded, with directions.
MR. JUSTICE CREBS took no part in the consideration of decision of this case.
| 2024-02-13T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/4092 |
Q:
How to apply Datetime comparison on varchar Datatype in C#
I want to apply datetime comparison on a field which is of type varchar in SQL Server database. I want to know how can i apply this, for example my query is something like this
from Pos in TableName
where Pos.vcr_Value >= Convert.ToDateTime("UserInputDate") //UserInputDate = 02/02/2011
select Pos;
If i try this it works
from Pos in TableName
where Pos.vcr_Value == "UserInputDate" //UserInputDate = 02/02/2011
select Pos;
But this just matches the date i want to get all the records after UserInputDate variable
Note:
This field store variable type of data sometime it save string sometime datetime
A:
As others have said, your database design is fundamentally poor. Given that the column may not even be a date at all, you'd need to use DateTime.TryParse or DateTime.TryParseExact to write something which would work in LINQ to Objects. In LINQ to SQL that won't work as you'd need to use a lambda expression with a block as the body, and that can't be converted into an expression tree.
Furthermore, you've also got the problem of knowing what date format to expect - which is a natural corollary of storing dates in a text-based field instead of as a native date-based field.
If your date format were yyyy-MM-dd (or yyyy/MM/dd) it would be possible to do something which at least approximated the right query, by doing a string comparison, e.g. saying the value had to be between "2011-02-02" and "2099-12-31" for example. Even then it would match values such as "201 this isn't really a date".
If you don't have too many records, you could always do the filtering at the .NET side instead of in SQL - it's not ideal, but if you have to work with a broken schema, it's probably the most reliable option. If at all possible, however, you should change how you store the data.
| 2024-02-28T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/5979 |
First the writer/producer, now an actor from the movie is showing signs of brain injury, further proving how traumatic the 2015 film can be to the human body.
Friends and family of Hollywood actor Toby Kebbell are reportedly extremely concerned for the actor's well being today after he admitted that there is a better version of the 2015 "film" Fantastic Four out there. This rumored cut of the movie has been denied by Fox itself, but the film's director Josh Trankonce tweeted (then deleted) that a "better" cut of the film existed.
Still, this didn't stop Kebbell from floating the possibility of another version of the movie in an interview with Collider:
I tell you, the honest truth is [Trank] did cut a great film that you'll never see. That is a shame. A much darker version, and you'll never see it.
Of course, if this supposed cut of the film exists Fox probably has it locked away in a bunker that can prevent its cinematic craptastic-radioactive from ever leaking out to the public. That is if they haven't already purged all copies of the cut from this Earth, as well they should. Even if it does still exist, the only possible answer is they might be weighing the option to sell it to potential buyers as a weapon of mass destruction. We already know the wave of deaths via sheer stupidity the film caused just from reading the leaked script.
After giving the interview, many around Kebbell looked pale and worried, but initially shrugged it off given the actor was promoting this year's possible F4 in Warcraft. However, noted professor at the University of Phoenix and world-renowned expert in the field of bad movie trauma,Thaddeus T. Puffinbottoms, noted on closer inspection that it has nothing to do with this week's horrible movie, and is instead a sign of the scary possibility that this is the second known case of brain trauma related to the production last year's film.
"The first case just happened a few weeks ago. Most of us brushed it off save ace OH! Reporter Jude Terror, who noted the first subject, writer/producer of the film Simon Kinberg, was showing clear signs during an interview a few weeks ago." Puffinbottoms then showed comparable x-rays of the two victims. He also proclaimed that the condition still hasn't affected the only actor who might still have a career after the film, Michael B. Jordan. In fact, Puffinbottoms proclaimed that even if he did suffer from the affliction, Jordan must have somehow cured it by being cast in a likely hundred times better superhero movie with next year's Black Panther.
However, the Professor stressed that multiple viewings of the movie (further warning that anyone who tries to show the movie at a "bad movie party" is either not a good friend, or potentially homicidal), any further talk of this entry from the franchise, and declaring better cuts of the film exist are all clear symptoms.
"The only known cure is with Marvel Studios sadly. The rights need to fall back to them so the world can finally see an acceptably adapted Doctor Doom, Galactus, Kang, and the Silver Surfer." He added before having a long talk with friends and family of Kebbell's dementia and the severity that any cut of the 2014 film cannot be good under any circumstances, and breaking the news that the actor might be in another movie stinker this year as well.
Comment without an Outhouse Account using Facebook
We get it. You don't feel like signing up for an Outhouse account, even though it's FREE and EASY! That's okay. You can comment with your Facebook account below and we'll take care of adding it to the stream above. But you really should consider getting a full Outhouse account, which will allow you to quote posts, choose an avatar and sig, and comment on our forums too. If that sounds good to you, sign up for an Outhouse account by clicking here.
Note: while you are welcome to speak your mind freely on any topic, we do ask that you keep discussion civil between each other. Nasty personal attacks against other commenters is strongly discouraged. Thanks!
Help spread the word, loyal readers! Share this story on social media:
About the Author - Zechs
Zechs is the lord and master of The Toy Shed, Moment of the Week, and Durnkin Reveewz. He's also the official whuppin boy at the Outhouse. So he'll get stuck seeing stuff that no mere mortal should ever see. If there's any greater quality to Zechs, it's that he's an avid fan of comic book characters and would defend them to the bitter end against the companies that use them wrongly. He's also brutally honest. Zechs walks the lonely path in Chicagoland area. | 2024-07-23T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/6522 |
There's a reason why the grass is greener on some Toronto lawns: it's not real and it can result in a costly municipal penalty.
In fact, homeowners who opt for artificial turf run the risk of a $1400 fine for breaking city landscaping rules.
Karen Stintz, a former city councillor for Ward 16, has a personal connection to the issue: she herself has an artificial lawn.
"I call it year-round grass," she said, showing off her a front yard carpet of green.
"It doesn't need to be watered. It doesn't need to be maintained. There's no mowing. There's no care and feeding."
As for the threat of being fined, a "vague" bylaw is to blame, said Stintz, who ran as a mayoral candidate last year before dropping out of the race last August.
"I can't explain why it is that inspectors feel it's a good use of their time to go and ticket people for having an artificial lawn. But they are."
Fighting city hall
The law needs to change, she said, taking aim at city hall.
"The inspectors go around in January and they find the greenest lawns and they tend to be the ones that are artificial. That's when they fine homeowners."
City officials were not available for comment on Friday.
Former city councillor Karen Stintz shows off her artificial lawn and says a city bylaw against artificial turf has to change. (CBC) Stintz's neighbors may not have joined her on the artificial bandwagon, but they're not strongly opposed, either.
"They want a fake lawn, they can have a fake lawn. They want fake flowers, they can have fake flowers. They want fake kids, they can have fake kids," Stintz's neighbour Tony Altilia told CBC.
"One day I came out here and they're vacuuming their lawn, whereas, we're cutting a lawn," Altilia said.
"Honestly I didn't notice it," another neighbour, Mary Muir, said.
"I've seen a few of them. I think they're pretty good. And for trying to conserve water it's probably a good idea in some respects." | 2023-10-15T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8901 |
Anti--pituitary-specific transcriptional factor-1 (anti--PIT-1, also known as POU1F1) antibody syndrome is a recently established clinical entity that leads to hypopituitarism caused by autoimmunity to PIT-1 \[[@bib1], [@bib2]\]. This syndrome is characterized by acquired and specific defect in growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and TSH. PIT-1 plays an essential role in the differentiation of somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary and regulates the expression of GH, PRL, and TSH. Recently, it has been reported that breakdown of immune tolerance toward PIT-1 is caused by aberrant expression of PIT-1 protein in the thymoma \[[@bib3]\]. In addition, circulating PIT-1--reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were detected in patients with anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome, and the infiltration of these cells was observed in the pituitary, indicating that CTLs play a pivotal role in the development of the syndrome \[[@bib4]\]. However, it remains unclear whether PIT-1 antigen is presented on anterior pituitary cells and how CTLs recognize these antigens.
CTLs exert their cytotoxicity by recognizing the peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/HLA class I molecules. MHC/HLA class I molecules are expressed on most tissues and in the pituitary \[[@bib5]\]. Various autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes \[[@bib6]\] and alopecia areata, an autoimmune hair loss disease \[[@bib7]\], are considered to be caused by CTLs. CTLs express CD8, which is crucial for recognizing peptide--MHC/HLA class I complexes \[[@bib8]\]. In the target cells, proteins are processed, and antigenic peptides are produced through the proteasome pathway \[[@bib9]\]. Next, the generated peptides translocate into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where MHC class I molecules are bound with peptide at their peptide-binding groove. These peptide--MHC class I complexes are recruited by cargo vesicles for transport to the plasma membrane thorough the Golgi apparatus \[[@bib8], [@bib9]\].
In this study, we investigated the antigen processing of PIT-1 and the presence of PIT-1 epitopes with MHC/HLA class I in anterior pituitary cells, which are important for elucidating the pathogenesis of anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome. We also examined whether PIT-1 presentation was patient specific or not.
1. Materials and Methods {#s6}
========================
A. Patient {#s7}
----------
This study was approved by the ethics committee of Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine. All methods were performed in accordance with the guidelines. We recruited a patient with anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome (case 1) \[[@bib2]\]. The patient provided written informed consent for the experiment.
B. Culture of Cell Line and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell--Derived Pituitary Cells {#s8}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GH3 cells, a PIT-1--expressing rat pituitary tumor cell line, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The cells were maintained in DMEM (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) containing 10% fetal calf serum. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (AP01) were obtained from RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (Kobe, Japan), and control-derived iPSCs (201B7; cell ID HPS0063 \[[@bib10]\] and 409B2; cell ID HPS0076 \[[@bib11]\]) were purchased from RIKEN BioResource Research Center by Department of iPS cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, and were transferred. To generate patient-derived iPSCs, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, EBNA1, and mp53DD were transduced in peripheral blood leukocytes using episomal vectors as previously described \[[@bib12]\]. The iPSCs were maintained on mitomycin C--treated SNL feeder cells \[[@bib13]\] in DMEM/F12 (D6421; Sigma) supplemented with 20% (v/v) knockout serum replacement (KSR) (lot no. 1848845; Invitrogen, Lafayette, CO); 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids (M7154; Sigma); 2 mM [l]{.smallcaps}-glutamine, 5 ng/mL recombinant human basic FGF (064-04543; Wako, Tokyo, Japan); and 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol under an atmosphere of 2% CO~2~. Induction of pituitary tissue was performed as previously described with some modifications \[[@bib14]\]. In brief, iPSCs were dissociated into single cells with Accutase (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). Next, 10,000 cells were plated on each well of a 96-well, V-bottom, low-attachment plate (Sumitomo Bakelite, Tokyo, Japan) in growth factor--free, chemically defined medium \[[@bib11]\] supplemented with 10% (v/v) KSR and 10 mM of the Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (034-24024; Wako). At day 6, 5 nM of BMP-4 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and 2 µM of SAG (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI) were added to the medium. At day 18, BMP-4 was withdrawn from the medium, and the aggregates were maintained under high O~2~ condition (40%). At day 30, aggregates were cultured in growth factor--free, chemically defined medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) KSR. These aggregates became LHX3-positive pituitary progenitor cells and differentiated into pituitary hormone--producing cells after 100 days of culture.
C. Immunofluorescence Staining {#s9}
------------------------------
Immunofluorescence staining was performed on a 24-well dish. Fixation, permeabilization, and blocking were performed using an Image-iT™ Fixation/Permeabilization kit (Cat. \# R37602; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The following primary antibodies used were: rabbit polyclonal anti--PIT-1 antibody (X-7; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) \[[@bib15]\], in which full-length human PIT-1 protein was used as an antigen; rabbit anti-Calnexin antibody (C4731; Sigma) \[[@bib16]\]; rabbit anti-GM130 (C-terminal) antibody (G7295; Sigma) \[[@bib17]\]; mouse anti-MHC class I antibody (MCA51R; AbD Serotec, Kidlington, United Kingdom) \[[@bib18]\]; mouse anti-HLA class I antibody (EMR8-5; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) \[[@bib19]\]; and serum sample from a patient with anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome (case 1 \[[@bib2]\]) and healthy control subjects. The secondary antibodies goat anti-human--IgG--Alexa Flour 488 antibody \[[@bib20]\], goat anti-mouse Alexa Flour 488 \[[@bib21]\], donkey anti-mouse Alexa Flour 546 \[[@bib22]\], donkey anti-mouse Alexa Flour 488 \[[@bib23]\], and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Flour 546 \[[@bib24]\] were used for immunofluorescent signal detection. For the PIT-1 protein absorption test, each serum sample was incubated for 24 hours at 4°C with or without treatment with 100 μg/mL of recombinant human PIT-1 (rhPIT-1) protein (sc-4014; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) prior to use.
D. Proximity Ligation Assay {#s10}
---------------------------
Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed using a Duolink *in situ* PLA kit (Cat. \# DUO92014; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Briefly, after permeabilization and blocking, tissues were incubated with primary antibodies. After washing, PLA probe solution (anti-rabbit plus \[[@bib25]\], anti-rabbit minus \[[@bib26]\], anti-mouse plus \[[@bib27]\], and anti-mouse minus \[[@bib28]\]) was added to the tissues, which were then incubated for 60 minutes at 37°C. After the PLA probe solution was removed, ligation and amplification were performed per the manufacturer's instructions.
E. Microscopy {#s11}
-------------
All images were obtained using a fluorescence microscope (BZ-X710; Keyence, Osaka, Japan) \[[@bib29]\] or a confocal microscope system (LSM 700; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) \[[@bib30]\]. The images were then reconstructed using advanced analysis software (BZ-H3A, Keyence \[[@bib31]\]; Zen Lite, Carl Zeiss \[[@bib32]\]).
F. Statistical Analysis {#s12}
-----------------------
All analyses were performed using the JMP Statistical Database Software version 14.0.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Analyses were performed by three independent experiments. Comparison of PLA results between the patient and control groups was performed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance level was set at *P* \< 0.05.
2. Results {#s13}
==========
A. PIT-1 Immunoreactivity Was Detected in the Nucleus and Cytosol of GH3 Cells {#s14}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detailed intracellular localization of PIT-1 protein was examined by immunofluorescence staining using anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\], which recognizes whole protein of anti--PIT-1 and serum of patients with anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome \[[@bib2]\]. It has been shown that anti--PIT-1 antibody in serum exclusively recognizes PIT-1 protein, as analyzed by immunoblotting analysis using preabsorption test \[[@bib2]\]. GH3 is a cell line derived from rat pituitary adenoma, and it expresses GH, PRL, and PIT-1 \[[@bib33]\]. Anti--PIT-1 antibody was mainly localized in the nucleus ([Fig. 1A](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}), which is consistent with the fact that PIT-1 is a transcription factor. It was also detected in the cytosol and/or membrane, showing spotted signals. Immunofluorescence staining on a patient's serum \[[@bib2]\] showed similar results, with a part of the signals merged with the spot detected as anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\]. In contrast, control serum did not show any signals ([Fig. 1B](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}).
![PIT-1 protein localized not only in nucleus but in cytosol and/or membrane in GH3 cells. (A) Immunofluorescence using the patient serum and polyclonal anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\]. Arrowheads show merged signals detected by the patient serum \[[@bib2]\] and polyclonal anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\]. (B) Immunostaining of GH3 cells using control serum. (C) Absorption test using recombinant PIT-1 protein. Left panel shows the immunostaining without preabsorption and right panel shows that with preabsorption. Scale bar, 10 µm.](js.2019-00243f1){#fig1}
To examine the specificity of the serum samples, we performed an antigen absorption test using rhPIT-1 protein. After preincubation of serum with rhPIT-1, both the nuclear signal and the cytosolic/membrane signal disappeared ([Fig. 1C](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). These data indicated that patients' sera \[[@bib2]\] specifically recognized PIT-1 protein, which was localized in the cytosol/membrane and nucleus of GH3 cells.
B. PIT-1 Protein Was Processed Through the MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Pathway in GH3 Cells {#s15}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It has been shown that the antigenic peptides of peptide-MHC/HLA class I complexes are processed through the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway \[[@bib8]\]. In this pathway, proteins are processed in the proteasome, and the generated peptides translocate into the ER ([Fig. 2A](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). In the lumen of ER, the antigen peptides bind to the peptide-binding groove of MHC/HLA class I molecules. The resulting peptide-MHC/HLA class I complexes are then recruited by cargo vesicles for transport to the plasma membrane thorough the Golgi apparatus ([Fig. 2A](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@bib8]\]. The T cell receptor on CTLs recognizes peptide-MHC/HLA class I complexes in the plasma membrane and causes specific injury of the target cells.
![PIT-1 protein was processed in the antigen presentation pathway in GH3 cells. (A) Schematic diagram of MHC/HLA class I antigen presentation pathway. (B) PIT-1 detected by the anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\] demonstrated a colocalization with MHC class I molecules. (C) PIT-1 detected by the patient serum \[[@bib2]\] demonstrated a colocalization with MHC class I molecules. (D) PIT-1 colocalized with calnexin, which is an ER marker. (E) PIT-1 colocalized with GM130, which is a Golgi apparatus marker. Arrowheads indicate merged signals with each protein. Scale bar, 10 µm.](js.2019-00243f2){#fig2}
To investigate whether PIT-1 protein is processed through the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway, we performed immunofluorescence double staining using antibodies against calnexin (ER marker) \[[@bib16]\], GM130 (Golgi apparatus marker) \[[@bib17]\], and MHC class I molecules \[[@bib18]\]. PIT-1 was colocalized with MHC class I molecules ([Fig. 2B and 2C](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}), calnexin ([Fig. 2D](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}), and GM130 ([Fig. 2E](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that PIT-1 protein was presented in both the ER and Golgi apparatus and that PIT-1 protein was processed through the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway.
C. PIT-1 Epitope Was Colocalized With MHC/HLA Class I on the Cell Surface of GH3 Cells and Human Anterior Pituitary Cells Derived From iPSCs {#s16}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We analyzed whether PIT-1 epitope is presented by MHC/HLA class I molecules on the cell surface by PLA using GH3 cells and pituitary tissue derived from human iPSCs. PLA is a standard method used to detect the binding of HLA and peptide epitopes \[[@bib34]\]. When the substrates linked to both antibodies come to close the distance for binding, bright spots are detected. PLA using anti--PIT-1 \[[@bib15]\] and anti-MHC class I antibody \[[@bib18]\] showed positive spots, indicating the presence of PIT-1 epitope on MHC class I molecules ([Fig. 3A](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). There was no signal detected when PLA was conducted using only either anti--PIT-1 \[[@bib15]\] or anti-MHC class I antibody \[[@bib18]\] ([Fig. 3B and 3C](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) as negative controls, indicating the specificity of the signals. We next analyzed the human pituitary tissue differentiated from human iPSCs as previously described \[[@bib14]\]. After 40 days of induction of pituitary differentiation, a key transcription factor of anterior pituitary cells, LHX3, was expressed on the outer layer of the cells, indicating the differentiation into oral ectoderm that is a precursor of anterior pituitary cells ([Fig. 4A](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}) as previously described \[[@bib14]\]. At day 100 of induction, PIT-1, GH ([Fig. 4B](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}), and ACTH ([Fig. 4C](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}) were expressed on the same layer, indicating that these cells were differentiated into anterior pituitary cells. PLA results showed colocalized signals on the surface of PIT-1--positive cells ([Fig. 4D and 4E](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). The quantification analysis showed that the number of PIT-1/HLA class I complexes presented per PIT-1--expressing cells was not different between the control and patient iPSC-derived pituitary cells ([Fig. 4F](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). These data indicated that at least some PIT-1 epitopes were presented by MHC/HLA class I in pituitary cells and that quantitative abnormalities were not associated with the development of the syndrome.
![PLA in GH3 cells showed the presentation of PIT-1 epitope by MHC class I. (A) PLA was performed using both the polyclonal anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\] and anti-MHC class I antibody \[[@bib18]\], demonstrating the presentation of PIT-1 epitope by MHC class I molecules. PLA was performed only using only anti--PIT-1 antibody \[[@bib15]\] (B) or only anti-MHC class I antibody \[[@bib18]\] (C). Scale bar, 10 µm.](js.2019-00243f3){#fig3}
{#fig4}
3. Discussion {#s17}
=============
In anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome, ectopic expression of PIT-1 in the thymoma causes the breakdown of immune tolerance to PIT-1, resulting in the production of PIT-1--reactive CTLs, which specifically injure anterior pituitary cells \[[@bib2]--[@bib4]\]. However, it remains unclear how CTLs recognize PIT-1 protein, considering that PIT-1 is a transcription factor and is supposed to be localized in the nucleus. It has been shown that all nucleated cells in the body display MHC class I molecules \[[@bib5]\]. In general, self or nonself antigens derived from cytoplasmic or intranuclear sources are degraded by the proteasome into peptides and then presented by MHC class I molecules \[[@bib35]\]. Considering the pathophysiology of anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome, it is important to elucidate whether PIT-1 epitope is presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface and, if so, if this occurrence is patient specific.
In this study, we showed that PIT-1 protein was processed through the MHC class I presentation pathway and that PIT-1 epitope was presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface of rat GH3 cells and human anterior pituitary cells derived from iPSCs. These data clearly indicate that PIT-1 is presented by MHC class I molecules in the anterior pituitary cells, which can be specifically recognized by CTLs.
Our present data indicated that endogenous PIT-1 was spontaneously processed through the MHC class I presentation pathway. The number of PIT-1/MHC class I complexes was comparable between patient and control iPSC-derived pituitary cells, indicating that their presentation was not patient specific, although quantitative abnormalities cannot be ruled out. These data also suggest that the PIT-1 presentation to specific CTLs is essentially involved in the development of the syndrome. The results of PLA showed a relatively low number of PIT-1/MHC class I complexes both in GH3 cells and iPSC-derived pituitary cells, which may not be enough for the activation of CTL. We speculate that this presentation was at a basal level and that the presentation may be enhanced if stimuli such as nonspecific inflammation occurred. Nonetheless, these data clearly indicate that PIT-1/MHC class I complexes are present at the surface of pituitary cells.
In general, the antigenicity of a peptide is restricted by a certain HLA type. For example, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DR3 are commonly observed in Addison disease, myasthenia graves, and celiac disease \[[@bib36]\]. Although there was no common HLA typing found among patients with anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome \[[@bib2]\], a more detailed analysis may reveal a common HLA typing. It is also important to identify the precise epitopes in the PIT-1 protein, especially for CTLs, to clarify the detailed mechanisms.
It is unknown how CTLs activated by thymoma tissue migrate to pituitary tissue and attack these cells. The effector T cells (activated CTLs) generally circulate in the blood and recognize the site of inflammation that changes the condition of adhesion molecules \[[@bib37]\]. Given that inflammation often takes place in the pituitary as hypophysitis, it is speculated that there may be an affinity for lymphocytes in the pituitary. It is also speculated that nonspecific inflammatory reaction in the pituitary may trigger the migration of CTLs.
The epitope of endogenous proteins, including transcription factors, is presented by MHC class I molecules in the anterior pituitary. These observations may explain the pathogenesis of other autoimmune pituitary diseases, such as isolated ACTH deficiency and autoimmune hypophysitis. It was reported that, in patients with isolated ACTH deficiency, infiltration of lymphocytes occurred in the anterior pituitary \[[@bib38], [@bib39]\] and anticorticotroph antibody was detected in the serum of the patients \[[@bib40], [@bib41]\]. A case of nivolumab-induced hypophysitis exhibiting isolated ACTH deficiency showed the DRB1\*04:05-DQA1\*03:03-DQB1\*04:01 HLA haplotype, which was associated with susceptibility to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with pituitary disorder \[[@bib38]\]. It is speculated that if a specific epitope is presented in corticotroph, a portion of the pathogenesis of isolated ACTH deficiency may be explained by similar mechanisms as those of anti--PIT-1 antibody syndrome.
In summary, we showed that PIT-1 epitope is presented by HLA class I molecules on PIT-1--positive cells, supporting the hypothesis that anti--PIT-1 antibody is caused by PIT-1--reactive CTLs through injury to specific cells. Although further investigation is necessary, these findings unveiled a mechanistic insight to autoimmune pituitary diseases.
We thank C. Ogata and K. Imura for their excellent technical assistance and T. Aoi (Department of iPS cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan) for iPSC.
***Financial Support:*** This work was supported by Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture Grants 17K16165 (to H.B.); Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture Grants 23591354, 15K094315, and 18K08514 (to G.I.); Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture Grants 23659477 and 26670459 (to Y.T.); Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Grant 17bm0804012h0001 (to Y.T.); and funds from the Uehara Memorial Foundation and the Naito Foundation (to Y.T.).
Additional Information {#s18}
======================
***Disclosure Summary:*** The authors have nothing to disclose.
***Data Availability:*** All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article or in the data repositories listed in References.
CTL
: cytotoxic T lymphocyte
ER
: endoplasmic reticulum
GH
: growth hormone
iPSC
: induced pluripotent stem cell
KSR
: knockout serum replacement
MHC
: major histocompatibility complex
PIT-1
: pituitary-specific transcriptional factor-1
PLA
: proximity ligation assay
PRL
: prolactin
rhPIT-1
: recombinant human pituitary-specific transcriptional factor-1
[^1]: K.K. and H.B. contributed equally to this work.
| 2023-11-06T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/2477 |
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/428,057, filed Jun. 30, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,916,888. Headphones are sound reproduction devices worn on the listener's head. Equalization refers to electrical or physical means to modify the audible frequency response of the headphones to achieve a desired frequency response. Electrical equalization may be either active or passive. Active equalization uses complex circuitry such as integrated circuits that require an external power source. Passive equalization uses only simple circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and does not require a separate power source. | 2024-02-04T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/3542 |
Primary tuberculosis of the glans penis in male kidney transplant recipients: a report on two cases.
An extremely rare form of genitourinary tract tuberculosis (TB) is TB of the glans penis. Here, we report on two men with TB of the glans, both occurring secondary to their wives having genital TB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this nature from Iran. One case is a 48 year-old blind male with an asymptomatic papulo-pustular eruption over the glans and, the other is a 51 year-old male who had kidney transplantation in March 2004, and was referred to our transplantation clinic nine months later with papulonecrotic ulcer on the glans which did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Both patients responded well to anti-TB treatment. Our cases suggest that every papulonecrotic lesion on the glans must raise the suspicion of TB, and an underlying active or healed focus of TB should be thoroughly searched. Also, it is very important, particularly in endemic areas, that prior to transplanting a male patient, his female partner must be examined for TB of the genitalia. | 2024-02-09T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/1063 |
Baseball Downs Georgia, 5-4
March 31, 1998
CLEMSON, SC–Henri Stanley singled home Jason Harris with the winning run in the bottom of the 10th, giving fourth-ranked Clemson a 5-4 victory over Georgia Tuesday night at Tiger Field. The victory improves the Tigers to 28-4 overall, while Georgia fell to 17-12. Clemson will travel to Columbia to meet South Carolina Wednesday night.
Clemson is now 6-1 in one-run games this year, while Georgia fell to 0-3 in one-run games.
The Tigers started the winning rally when Jason Harris singled to right and moved to second when he was interfered with by the Georgia pitcher Josh Jerkins. Matt Padgett and Casey Stone then walked to load the bases. With no outs, Stanley singled up the middle to score Harris with the game winner.
A pair of Matts led the Tigers overall. Matt Additon retired all 13 batters he faced in relief of starter Brian Adams. It was Additon’s first decision of the season. Matt Padgett had three hits, including a home run for the Tigers. He batted in three of Clemson’s five runs and is now 17 for his last 28 at the plate. Josh Jerkins took the loss for Georgia (1-1).
Kevin Hall, Andy Osbolt and Dustin McNally led the Bulldogs at the plate. Hall reached safely four times via a single, triple, walk and a hit by pitch. Osbolt hammered a pair of homers, while McNally had a pair of hits.
Patrick Boyd had two hits and a walk for Clemson, while Brian Holstad reached base three times with a walk, hit by pitch and single. Jason Harris also had a pair of hits and scored the game winner.
Georgia had control of the game over the first seven innings. The Bulldogs had a 4-2 lead heading into the bottom of the eighth. Georgia pitchers Kyle Goodson and Chris Clark held the Tigers to just two runs and four hits over the first seven innings and registered 10 strikeouts of Clemson batters.
Andy Osbolt gave Georgia a 1-0 lead against Clemson starter Brian Adams with his 14th home run of the season. The Tigers tied the count at 1-1 on a home run to left center by Padgett, his eighth round tripper of the season. Clemson took a 2-1 lead in the fifth on an RBI single by Patrick Boyd. The run was unearned.
Georgia regained the lead in the sixth with three runs. Osbolt and Aaron Anthony hit back to back homers to lead off the inning, the first time this year the opposition has had back to back homers against the Tigers. For Osbolt it was his 15th home run in his 28th game. Georgia made it a 4-2 game when Chris Hays walked and scored on a two-out triple by Kevin Hall.
Clemson tied the game with a pair of runs in the eighth. Patrick Boyd led off the inning with a single. He stole second and moved to third on an infield hit by Jason Harris. Padgett then registered his third straight opposite field hit, this time a double down the left field line, a hit that knocked in both runners to tie the game.
Georgia pitching was outstanding, registering 13 strikeouts and walking just three in the first nine innings. Starter Kyle Goodson allowed the Tigers just one run in four innings. Chris Clark allowed just one unearned run in three innings and struck out five without yielding a walk. | 2023-11-05T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7892 |
You can use the finishing kit for constructing 2 bay Credenza rack models that integrate smoked plexiglass doors and sport an aged cherry finish. Invoking a traditional style, the finishing kit attributes ogee curved edges and brushed hardware to the rack. You can use the finishing kit for integrating the 120V and 220V Credenza frames. | 2023-12-19T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/7222 |
// CANAPE Network Testing Tool
// Copyright (C) 2014 Context Information Security
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
using CANAPE.DataFrames;
namespace CANAPE.Utils
{
/// <summary>
/// An interface to populate an object from a data node
/// </summary>
public interface INodeInitializer
{
/// <summary>
/// Populate object from node
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node">The node</param>
void FromNode(DataNode node);
}
}
| 2023-11-25T01:27:17.240677 | https://example.com/article/8136 |