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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognathodon

Prognathodon

History of discovery

Prognathodon / History of discovery

Italiano: Fossil - Took The picture at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

Prognathodon is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like Mosasaurus and Clidastes. Prognathodon has been recovered from deposits ranging in age from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian in the Middle East, Europe and North America. Prognathodon means "forejaw tooth", which originates from the Latin pro-, Greek gnathos and odṓn. Twelve nominal species of Prognathodon are recognised, from North America, northern and western Africa, the Middle East, western Europe and New Zealand. Due to the sometimes clear differences between them and the incomplete nature of many of the specimens, the systematics of the genus and which species should properly be considered Prognathodon is controversial. Prognathodon is known for its massively built jaws and teeth. Its distinct feeding adaptations have generated much interest in its ecology ever since its discovery, though direct evidence of its diet, such as gastric residues, is rare.

Prognathodon was first described by Louis Dollo in 1889 based on specimens gathered in Belgium. There is some confusion over the correct generic name for the taxon. Dollo first mentioned the taxon as "Prognathodon" in some preliminary notes and provided a provisional diagnosis, but replaced the name Prognathodon with "Prognathosaurus" and used Prognathosaurus in all of his subsequent papers mentioning the genus. The first later use of "Prognathodon" was by Dale A. Russell in a comprehensive monograph on North American mosasaurs in 1967, where the priority of Prognathodon was made apparent. Russell also revised the species assigned to Prognathodon from North America , but only briefly commented on the Belgian specimens. Though the original remains of the genus were rather comprehensive and the original description was brief, no additional studies of the type material was done for a century. The lack of a comprehensive original description of the genus and the species referred to it from Belgium is strangely not unusual for mosasaur specimens discovered in the Craie de Ciply Formation of Belgium. Large amounts of work was commonly invested in extracting and mounting the specimens, but scientific study of them remained limited with diagnoses and descriptions mainly focusing on peculiar points of their anatomy, such as the quadrate and tympanic membrane of Plioplatecarpus houzeaui. Prognathodon giganteus, named by Dollo in 1904, is one of species with the most brief descriptions, apparently only intended to provide a name for the skeleton of the mosasaur for exhibition in the museum hall. The first comprehensive study of the Prognathodon specimens from Belgium (including the type specimen) was done by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar and Dirk Nolf in 1989 and the diagnosis in this study remains the latest published emended diagnosis for the genus. In 1998, an intact fossil skull was found in the Maastricht limestone quarries. Shortly after, it was nicknamed "Bèr", and put on display in the Maastricht Natural History Museum. This specimen was then identified as a Prognathodon, and received the species name Prognathodon saturator. This specimen was the first reasonably complete mosasaur specimen recovered from the Maastricht area since 1957; the skeleton is on display at the Natural History Museum at Maastricht, and is from an animal that was probably 12 metres long. A very large specimen found in Israel was for some time informally named "Oronosaurus", but eventually described as a new species of Prognathodon, P. currii. Two specimens of Prognathodon overtoni described in 2011 from the early late Campanian (c. 74.5 Ma) Bearpaw Formation in Alberta, Canada provided the first fully articulated skeletons of the genus. Detailed studies of these and previously discovered specimens allowed several characters to be established that distinguishes Prognathodon from closely related genera like Liodon and long-snouted mosasaurines. The preserved teeth and gut contents also allowed studies into the inferred paleoecology of the genus. A new fossil found in 2008 and described in 2013 belonging to a 1.8 m juvenile Prognathodon was found in Jordan's Harrana Site. The fossil was remarkable in that it preserved the outline of the mosasaur's tail fins, revealing that Prognathodon, like Platecarpus and later mosasaurs also had a bilobed tail fluke resembling a downturned shark's tail, the shape of which may have aided the creature in surfacing, as well as attacking prey. The discovery also lends evidence to the theory that later mosasaurs were even more well-adapted to the lifestyle first occupied by the ichthyosaurs. On September 19, 2012, it was announced that nine days earlier, again a skeleton of what appears to be a Mosasaur was found in the limestone quarry just outside Maastricht, the same quarry that yielded the type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanni. Carlo Brauer, an excavator operator at the ENCI quarry, discovered the teeth of the fossil in the shovel of his digger on Monday morning, September 10. In the days following the discovery, museum

Skull of Prognathodon solvayi, the type species of the genus.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_boiler

Transverse boiler

Railmotors

Transverse boiler / Railmotors

Fig. 206 Steam Railway Motor Car Used on the Cardiff, Penarth & Cogan section of the Taff Vale Railway. 12 1st class, 40 3rd class passengers. Built to the design of T. Hurry Riches, locomotive engineer.

Steam railmotor, a passenger coach combined with a small locomotive. The smokebox door is prominent in the side of the locomotive.

A transverse boiler is a boiler used to generate steam to power a vehicle. Unlike other boilers, its external drum is mounted transversely across the vehicle. The obvious advantage of the transverse boiler is that it is short lengthways, compared to a locomotive boiler. Where space is short, such as with railmotors, this can give more usable space inside. A less obvious, but more significant advantage for road vehicles, is that the water level of the boiler is less sensitive to the road gradient. When descending steep hills, there is less risk of the firebox crown being exposed above the water level and dangerously overheating. Transverse boilers are broadly similar to locomotive boilers in construction. They have an internal firebox with multiple small fire-tubes.

Some rare steam railmotors used transverse boilers, instead of the more common vertical boilers, or short locomotive boilers. These were chosen to provide a compact boiler, but with easier servicing than for a vertical boiler.

Taff Vale Railway steam railmotor

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taibao

Taibao

Rail

Taibao / Transportation / Rail

嘉義高鐵站 THSR Chiayi Station

Taibao is a county-administered city and the county seat of Chiayi County, Taiwan.

The city is served by Chiayi Station of the Taiwan High Speed Rail.

THSR Chiayi Station in Taibao

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Argia

L'Argia

L'Argia

English: Stage set for Act 1, Scene i, for the premiere performance of Cesti's opera L'Argia, Innsbruck, Austria, 4 November 1655

L'Argia is an opera in a prologue and three acts composed by Antonio Cesti to a libretto by Giovanni Filippo Apolloni. It was first performed in the court theatre at Innsbruck on 4 November 1655 to celebrate the visit of Queen Christina of Sweden who was on her way to exile in Rome. Over the next 20 years it had multiple performances in Italian cities including Venice and Siena where it inaugurated Siena's new opera house in 1669. Its first performance in modern times took place at the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music in 1996. Set on the Island of Cyprus in ancient times the opera's convoluted plot, full of disguises and mistaken identities, revolves around the amorous misadventures of Selino who has been pursued to Salamis by his deserted wife Princess Argia.

L'Argia is an opera in a prologue and three acts composed by Antonio Cesti to a libretto by Giovanni Filippo Apolloni. It was first performed in the court theatre at Innsbruck on 4 November 1655 to celebrate the visit of Queen Christina of Sweden who was on her way to exile in Rome. Over the next 20 years it had multiple performances in Italian cities including Venice and Siena where it inaugurated Siena's new opera house in 1669. Its first performance in modern times took place at the Innsbruck Festival of Early Music in 1996. Set on the Island of Cyprus in ancient times the opera's convoluted plot, full of disguises and mistaken identities, revolves around the amorous misadventures of Selino who has been pursued to Salamis by his deserted wife Princess Argia.

Stage set for Act 1, Scene 1 of the premiere performance

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lotharius_Oxholm

Peter Lotharius Oxholm

Military career

Peter Lotharius Oxholm / Military career

Dansk: Peter Lotharius Oxholm (10.7.1753-27.7.1827), dansk officer og godsejer

Peter Lotharius Oxholm was a Danish army officer and governor-general of the Danish West Indies from 1815 to 1816. He also participated in the Battle of Køge against the British troops in 1807. In 1814, Oxholm was appointed governor-general of the Danish West Indies.

He began his career as a cadet in 1763 and was made corporal in 1769. From 1771 Oxholm was page to Queen Carolina Mathilda, and he was present at her arrest in 1772. After having served in Denmark, he left for the Danish West Indies as a lieutenant in 1777. Oxholm returned to Denmark in 1793 and was dismissed from the army with the rank of colonel. During the English Wars, Oxholm became leader of a regiment (Søndre Sjællandske Landeværnsregiment – the Regiment of Southern Zealand in English) in the militia created in 1801. This militia participated in the Battle of Køge, where Oxholm together with a handful of soldiers barricaded themselves in the cemetery at Herfølge, a small town in the middle of Zealand. After a brief and intense battle, they were forced to surrender and were taken prisoner.

P.L. Oxholm

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazurkowo

Mazurkowo

Mazurkowo

Polski: Kapliczka w Mazurkowie

A chapel in Mazurków

Mazurkowo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Mazurkowo [mazurˈkɔvɔ] (German: Masurhöfchen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

A chapel in Mazurków

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodleburg_Cemetery

Goodleburg Cemetery

Folklore

Goodleburg Cemetery / Folklore

English: Gbcemetery2

Goodleburg Cemetery is a cemetery located in South Wales, New York. It is an old, inactive village lot whose use has been discontinued. Many of the original settlers of Wales and the surrounding areas are buried here.

In recent years, it has been a site of frequent desecration. Paranormal author Mason Winfield has written about this cemetery and its purported activity several times, but has also expressed regret to writing anything about it due to the spike in vandalism since then.

A vandalized headstone at Goodleburg Cemetery

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaia_Storvik

Kaia Storvik

Kaia Storvik

Medieundersøkelsen. Debatt. Kaia Storvik.

Kaia Storvik is a Norwegian journalist, former newspaper editor and politician. She has worked for several newspapers, including Vårt Land, Dagbladet, Dagens Næringsliv and Dagsavisen. She was chief editor of Dagsavisen from 2010 to 2014.

Kaia Storvik (born 10 October 1976) is a Norwegian journalist, former newspaper editor and politician. She has worked for several newspapers, including Vårt Land, Dagbladet, Dagens Næringsliv and Dagsavisen. She was chief editor of Dagsavisen from 2010 to 2014.

Kaia Storvik, 2013

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Taiwan

Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan

Water resources

Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan / Water resources

English: Zhuoshui River.The photo taken at Shueili Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.中文（繁體）‎: 濁水溪。本圖拍攝於臺灣南投縣水里鄉。

Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan is characterized by uneven distribution of precipitation and a dense population.

The Central Mountain Range is the main mountain range running from north to south of the island. Most of the rivers on the island flow from east to west following the contour of the mountains. Although the annual rainfall is up to 2,510 mm, which is 2.5 times higher than the world's average, the distribution of the rainfall is not even due to the geographical condition of Taiwan. In the period of 2000-2009, Taiwan had 95.07 billion tons of annual rain precipitation. From there, 20.00 billion tons evaporated (21%), 70.10 billion tons became surface runoff (74%) and 4.97 billion tons became groundwater (5%). Added from groundwater overdraft of 0.63 billion tons, the total groundwater pumping was 5.60 billion tons. From the surface runoff water, 54.70 billion tons was discharged to the sea, 4.35 billion tons became water supply for reservoirs and 11.05 billion tons became river water diversion.

The Zhuoshui River, Taiwan's longest river, runs from east to west.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_tube_mail_in_New_York_City

Pneumatic tube mail in New York City

Pneumatic tube mail in New York City

English: Downloaded from Chronicling America at the Library of Congress: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1897-04-11/ed-1/seq-25/#

The pneumatic tube mail was a postal system operating in New York City from 1897 to 1953 using pneumatic tubes. Similar systems had arisen in London, Manchester in the mid-1800s and Paris in 1866. But, following the creation of the first American pneumatic mail system in Philadelphia in 1893, New York City's system was begun, initially only between the old General Post Office on Park Row and the Produce Exchange on Bowling Green, a distance of 3,750 feet. Eventually the network stretched up both sides of Manhattan Island all the way to Manhattanville on the West side and "Triborough" in East Harlem, forming a loop running a few feet below street level. Travel time from the General Post Office to Harlem was 20 minutes. A crosstown line connected the two parallel lines between the new General Post office on the West Side and Grand Central Terminal on the east, and took four minutes for mail to traverse. Using the Brooklyn Bridge, a spur line also ran from Church Street, in lower Manhattan, to the general post office in Brooklyn, taking four minutes. Operators of the system were called "Rocketeers".

The pneumatic tube mail was a postal system operating in New York City from 1897 to 1953 using pneumatic tubes. Similar systems had arisen in London, Manchester (and other British cities) in the mid-1800s and Paris in 1866. But, following the creation of the first American pneumatic mail system in Philadelphia in 1893, New York City's system was begun, initially only between the old General Post Office on Park Row and the Produce Exchange on Bowling Green, a distance of 3,750 feet (1,140 m). Eventually the network stretched up both sides of Manhattan Island all the way to Manhattanville on the West side and "Triborough" in East Harlem, forming a loop running a few feet below street level. Travel time from the General Post Office to Harlem was 20 minutes. A crosstown line connected the two parallel lines between the new General Post office on the West Side and Grand Central Terminal on the east, and took four minutes for mail to traverse. Using the Brooklyn Bridge, a spur line also ran from Church Street, in lower Manhattan, to the general post office in Brooklyn (now Cadman Plaza), taking four minutes. Operators of the system were called "Rocketeers". Though 10 cities were funded for pneumatic-mail, the New York operation was developed the most. By 1907 contracts were issued in five other cities (Boston, Brooklyn, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis), but not in four cities (Baltimore, Cincinnati, Kansas City, San Francisco).

Receiving and Sending Apparatus in the Sub-Postoffice

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Israel_relations

Greece–Israel relations

Blue Flag

Greece–Israel relations / Military collaboration / Blue Flag

May 7, 2012 The Israeli and Greek Navies joined forces and put their cooperation to the test last May, when the two armies conducted a joint-drill near the Island of Piraeus. Photograph by Staff Sgt. Ori Shifrin, IDF Spokesperson's unit. The Israel Defense Forces Facebook • blog • Twitter

Greece–Israel relations are the bilateral relationship between the Hellenic Republic and the State of Israel. Relations between the two countries were strained during the late 20th century, but since 2008 they have been among the strongest in the Eastern Mediterranean. Israel and Greece consider each other as strong collaborators in the aspects of military, intelligence, economy and culture. Both countries are part of the Energy Triangle, which referred to the extraction of oil and gas from both Israel and Cyprus by 2015, which will be delivered to mainland Europe with a pipeline through Greece. The deterioration of Israel's relations with Turkey following the Gaza flotilla raid has heavily contributed to the strengthening of Greek-Israeli relations. Greece and Israel today enjoy excellent diplomatic relations. Both countries are partners in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and members of the Union for the Mediterranean, the World Trade Organization and other international organizations. Israel is the second largest importer of Greek products in the Middle East.

In November 2013 Israel hosted its biggest aerial maneuver drill code-named 'Blue Flag'. The exercise included seven combat squadrons from the Israeli Air Force and one squadron each from the air forces of Greece, the United States and Italy. Half of Israel's air space has been closed to traffic for the exercise, extending from the center of the country southwards. The pilots practised attacks on enemy bases and as tactics for combating anti-aircraft measures, including shoulder-held missiles, advanced surface-to-air missiles and radar systems. Observers including military attaches and representatives from Cyprus and Bulgaria were viewing the drill.

Israeli and Greek officers in May 2012 when the two armies conducted a joint-drill near the port of Piraeus

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age

Bronze Age

Atlantic Bronze Age

Bronze Age / History / Europe / West Europe / Atlantic Bronze Age

Copper axes cast in one-piece moulds were most common metal artefacts in the earliest stages of metal use. These very eraly metal axes are simple flat shapes, which were hafted, in the same manner as stone axes, by slotting the axe head into a perforated wooden handle. Bronze axes followed, and throughout the Bronze Age axe types were developed that required ever more sophisticated metalworking skills and increatingly effective hafting techniques. HCA 228 has very slight flanges along its edges, while those on HCA 237 are more pronounced with a transverse stop-ridge between the flanges. These developments show that axes were now hafted in the fork end of an angled wooden shaft rather than via the earlier perforated handles. Further developments is seen with the blending together of the palstave-type axe and finally the creation of the socketed variety. The more developed axes would have been cast using two-piece moulds, or clay moulds and cores for hollowing.

The Bronze Age is a historical period that was characterized by the use of bronze, in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies. An ancient civilization is defined to be in the Bronze Age either by producing bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze itself is harder and more durable than other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, its high melting point of 1,538 °C placed it out of reach of common use until the end of the second millennium BC. Tin's low melting point of 231.9 °C and copper's relatively moderate melting point of 1,085 °C placed them within the capabilities of the Neolithic pottery kilns, which date back to 6000 BC and were able to produce temperatures greater than 900 °C.

The Atlantic Bronze Age is a cultural complex of the period of approximately 1300–700 BC that includes different cultures in Portugal, Andalusia, Galicia, and the British Isles. It is marked by economic and cultural exchange. Commercial contacts extend to Denmark and the Mediterranean. The Atlantic Bronze Age was defined by many distinct regional centers of metal production, unified by a regular maritime exchange of some of their products.

Flat Axe, Irish, Early Bronze Age, The Hunt Museum

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army_during_World_War_I

British Army during World War I

Organization

British Army during World War I / Organization

English: The Battle of the Somme, July-november 1916 Troops of the 10th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (37th Division) marching to the trenches, St Pol (Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise), November 1916.

The British Army during World War I fought the largest and most costly war in its long history. Unlike the French and German Armies, the British Army was made up exclusively of volunteers—as opposed to conscripts—at the beginning of the conflict. Furthermore, the British Army was considerably smaller than its French and German counterparts. During World War I, there were four distinct British armies. The first comprised approximately 247,000 soldiers of the regular army, over half of which were posted overseas to garrison the British Empire, supported by some 210,000 reserves and a potential 60,000 additional reserves. This component formed the backbone of the British Expeditionary Force, which was formed for service in France and became known as the Old Contemptibles. The second army was provided by the approximately 246,000-strong Territorial Force, initially allocated to home defence but used to reinforce the BEF after the regular army suffered heavy losses in the opening battles of the war. The third army was Kitchener's Army, comprising men who answered Lord Kitchener's call for volunteers in 1914–1915 and which went into action at the Battle of the Somme in 1916.

The British Army during World War I could trace its organisation to the increasing demands of imperial expansion. The framework was the voluntary system of recruitment and the regimental system, which had been defined by the Cardwell and Childers Reforms of the late 19th century. The British Army had been prepared and primarily called upon for Empire matters and the ensuing colonial wars. In the last years of the 19th century, the Army was involved in a major conflict, the Second Boer War (1899–1902), which highlighted shortcomings in its tactics, leadership and administration. The 1904 Esher Report recommended radical reform, such as the creation of an Army Council, a General Staff, the abolition of the office of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, and the creation of a Chief of the General Staff. The Haldane Reforms of 1907 formally created an Expeditionary Force of seven divisions (one cavalry, six infantry), reorganised the volunteers into a new Territorial Force of fourteen cavalry brigades and fourteen infantry divisions, and changed the old militia into the Special Reserve to reinforce the expeditionary force. At the outbreak of the war in August 1914, the British regular army was a small professional force. It consisted of 247,432 regular troops organised in four regiments of Guards (Grenadier, with 3 Battalions; Coldstream, with 3 Battalions; Scots, with 2 Battalions; Irish with 1 Battalion), 68 regiments of the line and the Rifle Brigade (despite its name, this was an infantry regiment), 31 cavalry regiments, artillery and other support arms. Most of the line infantry regiments had two regular battalions, one of which served at home and provided drafts and replacements to the other which was stationed overseas, while also being prepared to be part of the Expeditionary Force – the Royal Fusiliers, Worcestershire Regiment, Middlesex Regiment, King's Royal Rifle Corps and the Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) had four regular battalions, two of which served overseas. Almost half of the regular army (74 of the 157 infantry battalions and 12 of the 31 cavalry regiments), was stationed overseas in garrisons throughout the British Empire. The Royal Flying Corps was part of the British Army until 1918. At the outbreak of the war, it consisted of 84 aircraft. The regular army was supported by the Territorial Force, which numbered some 246,000 men in September 1913 and, on the outbreak of war, was deployed in home defence. In August 1914, there were three forms of reserves. The Army Reserve of retired soldiers was 145,350 strong. They were paid 3 Shillings and 6 pence a week (17.5 pence) worth about £70 per week in 2013 terms, and had to attend 12 training days per year. The Special Reserve had another 64,000 men and was a form of part-time soldiering, similar to the Territorial Force. A Special Reservist had an initial six months full-time training and was paid the same as a regular soldier during this period; they had three or four weeks training per year thereafter. The National Reserve had some 215,000 men, who were on a register that was maintained by Territorial Force County Associations; these men had military experience, but no other reserve obligation, and only some 60,000 were classified as willing or able to serve an active role at home or abroad. The regulars and reserves—at least on paper—totalled a mobilised force of almost 700,000 men, although only 150,000 men were immediately available to be formed into the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to the continent. This consisted of six infantry divisions and one of cavalry. By contrast, the French Army in 1914 mobilised 1,650,000 troops and 62 infantry divisions, while the German Army mobilised 1,850,000 troops and 87 infantry divisions. Britain, therefore, began the war with six regular and fourteen territorial infantry divisions. During the war, a further six regular, 14 Territorial, 36 Kitchener's Army and six other divisions, including the Naval Division from the Royal Navy were formed. In 1914, each British infantry division consisted of th

Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) in November 1916

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Wallace

Tim Wallace

Professional

Tim Wallace / Playing career / Professional

English: Tampa Bay Lightning forward Tim Wallace during a February 25, 2012 game against the Pittsburgh Penguins at Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, PA.

Timothy Todd Wallace is a former American professional ice hockey center. He is currently the head coach of UK EIHL side Nottingham Panthers after arriving in May 2019. Wallace had served as joint player-coach for Milton Keynes Lightning alongside Ryan Lannon during the 2018–19 EIHL season. Before starting his professional career, Wallace played four seasons with the University of Notre Dame of the CCHA. A product of the U.S. National Team Developmental Program, he was a member of gold-medal teams at both the 2002 Under-18 World Championships and the Under-17 World Challenge in 2001.

An undrafted free agent, Wallace was signed to a contract after attending a tryout camp with Pittsburgh in the fall of 2006. In his first season, he split time between the ECHL's Wheeling Nailers and the AHL's Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, seeing action in 51 games with 11 goals and 20 assists for 31 points and 62 penalty minutes. He played in 11 playoff games for Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, scoring a goal and an assist. In 2007-08, Wallace played in 74 games with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, accruing 12 goals and 14 assists for 26 points and 83 minutes in penalties. He played in 22 postseason games in helping the Baby Penguins advance to the Calder Cup finals against Chicago. He had two goals and six assists for eight points and 21 penalty minutes in the playoffs. Wallace made his NHL debut on December 10, 2008, against the New Jersey Devils. He registered his first NHL point, an assist, on December 18, 2008 vs. the Atlanta Thrashers. On February 23, 2012 Wallace was claimed off waivers by Tampa Bay Lightning from the New York Islanders after playing 31 games in the NHL season. After seven professional seasons within North America, Wallace left as a free agent and signed a one-year contract with Örebro HK of the Swedish Hockey League on August 6, 2013. In his debut season in Sweden, Wallace adapted quickly in Örebro, posting 15 goals and 32 points in 55 games to earn a one-year contract extension on April 3, 2014. In the midst of the 2014–15 season, having been unable to replicate his previous seasons form with Örebro, Wallace was loaned to fellow SHL outfit Brynäs IF on December 10, 2014. On September 7, 2015, having left Sweden after two-years as a free agent, Wallace agreed to a one-year contract with German club, Grizzlys Wolfsburg of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. As a free agent after three seasons abroad, Wallace opted to return to his hometown in Anchorage, and agreed to play in third tier ECHL, signing a standard contract with the Alaska Aces on October 13, 2016. On May 25, 2017, Wallace again left North America and moved to the UK to sign a one-year deal with the Sheffield Steelers of the EIHL. After a season in Sheffield, Wallace moved to league rivals Milton Keynes Lightning. Wallace and teammate Ryan Lannon later replaced Doug McKay as head coach early into the 2018–19 season.

Wallace with the Lightning in 2012.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch

Sarah Kirsch

Sarah Kirsch

Die Dichterin Sarah Kirsch

Sarah Kirsch was a German poet. She was born Ingrid Bernstein in Limlingerode, Prussian Saxony. She changed her first name to Sarah in order to protest against her father's anti-semitism. She studied biology in Halle and literature at the Johannes R. Becher Institute for Literature in Leipzig. In 1965, she co-wrote a book of poems with writer Rainer Kirsch, to whom she was married for ten years. She protested against East Germany's expulsion of Wolf Biermann in 1976, which led to her exclusion from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. One year later she left the country herself, nevertheless being critical of the west as well. She is mainly known for her poetry, but she also wrote prose and translated children's books into German. According to complete review, "the great German-language post-war poets were largely East German born in the mid to late 1930s which included towering figures such as Volker Braun, Heinz Czechowski" and Sarah Kirsch who was "the most prominent female representative of that generation." She won many prizes and honors including the German international literary Petrarca-Preis in 1976, the Peter-Huchel Prize in 1993 and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1996.

Sarah Kirsch (German: [ˈzaː.ʁa ˈkɪʁʃ] (listen); 16 April 1935 – 5 May 2013) was a German poet. She was born Ingrid Bernstein in Limlingerode, Prussian Saxony. She changed her first name to Sarah in order to protest against her father's anti-semitism. She studied biology in Halle and literature at the Johannes R. Becher Institute for Literature in Leipzig. In 1965, she co-wrote a book of poems with writer Rainer Kirsch, to whom she was married for ten years. She protested against East Germany's expulsion of Wolf Biermann in 1976, which led to her exclusion from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). One year later she left the country herself, nevertheless being critical of the west as well. She is mainly known for her poetry, but she also wrote prose and translated children's books into German. According to complete review, "the great German-language post-war poets were largely East German (or Austrian) born in the mid to late 1930s which included towering figures such as Volker Braun, Heinz Czechowski" and Sarah Kirsch who was "the most prominent female representative of that generation." She won many prizes and honors including the German international literary Petrarca-Preis in 1976, the Peter-Huchel Prize in 1993 and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1996. From 1960-1968 she was married to lyricist Rainer Kirsch. Sarah Kirsch died in May 2013 following a brief illness.

Sarah Kirsch in 2008

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wukro_Chirkos

Wukro Chirkos

Description

Wukro Chirkos / Description

English: Interior of Wukro Chirkos Church, Wukro, Ethiopia Français : Intérieur de l'église Wukro Chirkos, Wukro, Éthiopie

Wukro Chirkos is an Orthodox Tewahedo monolithic church located in northern Ethiopia, on the northern edge of the town of Wukro near the main highway. From the time members of the 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia reported its existence until the early 20th century, it was the only rock-hewn church known to the outside world. Wukro Chirkos is dedicated to the child martyr Cyricus of Tarsus of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Due to its location, this church remains the most accessible example of these structures.

The layout of this church is generally described as cruciform or "cross-in-square". As a result, it is frequently grouped with other churches with the same floor plan; namely Abreha we Atsbeha and Mikael Imba. Although the structure's interior is divided into three or five aisles -- "depending on how one describes the intermediary supports in the transverse section" according to Ruth Plant -- its cruciform layout is emphasized by the barrel vault in line with the apse and the sanctuary containing the tabot. Plant identified Axumite detail acting as frieze above the columns in the three arms of the crossing. The column shafts are chamfered, rising from bases upon the floor, and the capitals of the smaller columns are squared with elliptical chamfered edges. Plant wrote that the bracket capitals of the columns at the crossing are not as refined as the corresponding columns of Abreha we Atsbeha. Like the other Ethiopian cruciform churches mentioned above, the entrance porch of Wukro Chirkos is distinguished by a central pillar that forces the priests and congregants to enter on either side, rather than a direct line.

Paintings inside the church

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_aviation

2018 in aviation

July

2018 in aviation / Events / July

English: Maiden flight of the "Beluga XL" on 2018, July 19th at around 10:31am Français : Premier vol du "Beluga XL", le 19 juillet 2018 vers 10:31.

This is a list of aviation-related events in 2018.

5 July A Memorandum of Understanding is announced for a strategic partnership: for $3.8 billion Boeing will hold 80% of a Boeing-Embraer joint venture for Embraers's airliners and services, valued at $4.75 billion, and Embraer will own the remaining 20%. 10 July Ten days after taking control of the program, Airbus renames the Bombardier CSeries Airbus A220-100/300. Hours after its rebrand, jetBlue ordered 60 A220-300s to replace its 60 Embraer 190s from 2020 for $5.4 billion before customary discounts, with 60 options pending from 2025, a blow to Embraer which was marketing the E195-E2 to the carrier. 16 July Farnborough air show is held 16–22 July. 17 July Valencia-based Air Nostrum and Dublin-bound CityJet announce their cooperation to create the largest European regional airline, subject to regulatory approval, employing 2700 people and flying 94 aircraft including 30 CRJ1000 and 22 CRJ900, for a combined revenue of €700m with over 170,000 flights per year. A February agreement was formalized for two 747-8 at $3.9 billion to replace from December 2024 the two 747-200-based Air Force One VC-25A presidential aircraft delivered in 1991. 19 July The Airbus Beluga XL oversized freighter makes its maiden flight. At the end of Farnborough Airshow business days, Embraer sold 300 jets for $15 billion at list prices, including 100 firm orders and 100 options for the E175-E1s from US carrier Republic Airways, convertible to E2s; Airbus sold 431 airliners (93 firm and 338 MoUs): 60 A220-300s, 304 A320 Family aircraft, 42 A330neos and 25 A350XWBs; Boeing signed 673 aircraft to 21 customers for a $98.4 billion list value, 145 of these were unidentified prior to the airshow, leaving 528 airshow sales. Of those 673, Boeing secured 564 737 MAXs including 110 MAX 10s, 52 Dreamliners, 48 777Fs and five 747-8Fs. 23 July EAA AirVenture Oshkosh is held 23–29 July. 31 July Aeroméxico Connect Flight 2431, an Embraer 190, crashed after takeoff from Durango International Airport in Mexico with 101 persons on board and no fatalities.

The Airbus Beluga successor, the A330 based Beluga XL, makes its first flight on 19 July

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Osborne_discography

Joan Osborne discography

Joan Osborne discography

English: Joan Osborne performed at The Grand tonight with Paul Thorn and The Holmes Brothers in Wilmington, Delaware.

This is a list of albums and singles recorded by Joan Osborne.

This is a list of albums and singles recorded by Joan Osborne.

Joan Osborne performing in Wilmington, Delaware

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Domenico,_Palermo

San Domenico, Palermo

San Domenico, Palermo

Português: San Domenico - Palermo

The Church of Saint Dominic is a church in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. It is located in Piazza San Domenico, in the quarter of La Loggia, within the historic centre of the city. The church hosts the burials of many figures of Sicilian history and culture. For this reason it is known as the "Pantheon of illustrious Sicilians".

The Church of Saint Dominic (Italian: Chiesa di San Domenico or simply San Domenico) is a church in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. It is located in Piazza San Domenico, in the quarter of La Loggia, within the historic centre of the city. The church hosts the burials of many figures of Sicilian history and culture. For this reason it is known as the "Pantheon of illustrious Sicilians".

Statue of Saint Dominic.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_giant_pandas

List of giant pandas

In zoos

List of giant pandas / In zoos

English: A giant panda named Long Hui at Vienna Zoo.

This is a list of giant pandas, both alive and deceased. The giant panda is a conservation-reliant vulnerable species. Wild population estimates vary; one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals living in the wild, while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000.

Asia China Many zoos and breeding centers in China house giant pandas. These include: Beijing Zoo – Home of Gu Gu. The zoo also housed Ming-Ming (d. 2011 May 7), the first panda born in captivity. Shanghai Zoo Bifengxia Panda Base, Ya'an, Sichuan, is home to US-born giant pandas Mei Sheng (M), Hua Mei (F), Tai Shan (M), Su Lin (F), and Zhen Zhen (F). It is also home to the Austrian-born Fu Long. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan – More than 100 individual giant pandas and red pandas. Twelve cubs were born here in 2006. It is also home to Japanese-born Xiong Bang (M) and US-born Mei Lan (M). Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, Sichuan China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda at the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan – Seventeen cubs were born here in 2006. Chongqing Zoo, Chongqing Chime-Long Paradise Amusement Park, in Guangzhou, where three very rare panda triplets were born (all three have thus far survived) in July 2014 Dalian Forest Zoo – home to Fei Yun (F), Cai Zhen (F) and Jin Hu (M) of Wolong origin Other places in Asia Ocean Park, Hong Kong – An An (M), Le Le (M), and Ying Ying (F) Macau Giant Panda Pavilion – home to Kai Kai (M) and Xin Xin (M) of Chengdu origin Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan – home to Tuan Tuan (M) and Yuan Yuan (F), and their offspring Yuan Zai (F). Chiang Mai Zoo, Chiang Mai, Thailand – home to Chuang Chuang (M), Lin Hui (F), and Lin Bing, a female cub born 27 May 2009. Adventure World, Shirahama, Wakayama, Japan – Until recently, it was home to Ei Mei (M), Mei Mei (F), Rau Hin (F), Ryu Hin and Syu Hin (M twins), and Kou Hin (M). In December 2006, twin cubs were born to Ei Mei and Mei Mei. Two cubs, Eiihin (M) and Meihin (F), were born to Rau Hin on 13 September 2008. Mei Mei, a mother of ten cubs, died on 15 October 2008. Kobe Oji Zoo, Hyōgo, Japan – home of Kou Kou (M), Tan Tan (F) River Safari, a new park under Wildlife Reserves Singapore. Singapore received two pandas (Kai Kai and Jia Jia) in 2012. Taman Safari, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Ueno Zoo, Taitō, Tokyo, Japan - Li Li (M), Sin Sin (F), and their dauter Xian Xian (F). Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – home to Feng Yi (known as Xing Xing) (M), and Fu Wa (known as Liang Liang) (F) since 21 May 2014. A female cub was born on 18 August 2015. Australia Adelaide Zoo, is home to Wang Wang (M) and Funi (F). They arrived on 28 November 2009, and went on display on 14 December. They are expected to stay for a minimum of 10 years, and are the only giant pandas living in the Southern Hemisphere. Europe Berlin Zoological Garden, Germany is the former home of Bao Bao, which died in 2012 at the age of 34. He was the oldest male panda living in captivity at the time of his death and had lived in Berlin for twenty five years. He never reproduced. Tiergarten Schönbrunn, Vienna, Austria – home to Yang Yang (F) and Long Hui (M), born in Wolong, China in 2000. They gave birth to Fu Long (M) in 2007, Fu Hu (M) in 2010 and Fu Bao (M) in 2013. Fu Long, who has been relocated to China, was the first to be born in Europe in 25 years. On the 7. August 2016 twins were born: Fu Feng and Fu Ban. Zoo Aquarium, Madrid, Spain is the home of Bing Xing (M) and Hua Zuiba (F) since 2007. They gave birth to twin cubs on 7 September 2010. Another cub, Xing Bao (F), was born in 2013 and in September 2016 Chulina (F). The zoo was also the site of the first giant panda birth in Europe, Chulin (M) in 1982 whose parents, Shao Shao (F) and Chang Chang (M), arrived in 1978. Chulin (M, 1982) was the first panda to be born in captivity in the western hemisphere and by artificial insemination outside China The Edinburgh Zoo, Scotland – home to Tian Tian (F) and Yang Guang (M) since 4 December 2011. ZooParc de Beauval, Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher, France – home to Huan Huan (F) and Yuan Zi (M) since 15 January 2012. Pairi Daiza, Cambron-Casteau, Belgium – home to Hao Hao (F) and Xing Hui (M) since February 2014; New born baby on 1 June 2016. Ouwehands Dierenpark, Rhenen, the Netherlands - home to Xing Ya (M) and Wu Wen (F) since April 2017. Äh

Long Hui at Vienna Zoo

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weert

Weert

Weert

Nederlands: Topografische kaart van gemeente Weert (2013). Samengesteld door Jan-Willem van Aalst op basis van de GML open geodata van de BRT/Top10NL (basisregistratie Topografie, Kadaster 2011), vrijgegeven door Kadaster onder de Creative Commons BY licentie. Additionele gegevens uit BAG (8 juli 2013), uit de Open Street Map (9 juli 2013) en uit de Risicokaart. Peildatum kaartbeeld: 9 juli 2013. Zie ook Gemeentenatlas.nl Samenstelling en kleurenschema: Jan-Willem van Aalst, met QuantumGIS en Photoshop. Zie ook de Legenda.

Weert is a municipality and city in the southeastern Netherlands located in the western part of the province of Limburg. It lies on the Eindhoven–Maastricht railway line, and is also astride the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal.

Weert ([ʋeːrt] (listen); Limburgish: Wieërt, [βiəʀt]) is a municipality and city in the southeastern Netherlands located in the western part of the province of Limburg. It lies on the Eindhoven–Maastricht railway line, and is also astride the Zuid-Willemsvaart canal.

Dutch Topographic map of Weert, July 2013

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio

Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland, Ohio

English: Downtown Cleveland as viewed from The Tremont neighborhood

Cleveland is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state. During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback. Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra. Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland.

Cleveland is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state. During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback. Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra. Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.

Downtown Cleveland seen from Tremont.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Daras

Bayt Daras

1948 War and aftermath

Bayt Daras / History / 1948 War and aftermath

English: Israeli army camp at Beit Daras, 1948 العربية: مخيم للجيش الإسرائيلي في قرية بيت دراس الفلسطينية عام 1948، تقع القرية شمال شرق قطاع غزة.

Bayt Daras was a Palestinian Arab town located 32 kilometers northeast of Gaza and approximately 50 meters above sea level, which was depopulated in 1948.

In response to hundreds of fighters from Bayt Daras attacking Kibbutz Nitzanim, the village was subject to an Israeli counteroffensive military assault four times,. It was defended by the Sudanese Army and a number of local militiamen and, according to Ramzy Baroud, subjected to heavy shelling on March 27–28, 1948, in which nine villagers died and much of the crops were destroyed. The objective of the Palmach's operational plan, 'Operation Lightning' (Mivtza Barak) was to compel the Arab inhabitants of the area to 'move' and by striking one or more population centres to cause an exodus, which was foreseen given the wave of panic that was sweeping Arab communities after the Deir Yassin massacre. Bayt Daras was targeted to be surrounded, to have the villagers surrender and hand over their arms, and if this order was resisted, it was to be mortared, stormed and 'dealt with in the manner of scorched earth'. It was finally captured by military assault on May 11, 1948 by the Givati Brigade during Operation Barak, just prior to the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The village suffered some 50 casualties, and many houses were then blown up, and wells and granaries sabotaged. Bayt Daras had a population of 3,190 living in 709 houses in 1948. In Baroud's account, a massacre took place as people fled the village. According to the memoirs of Gamal Abdel Nasser, the empty village was reoccupied by Sudanese forces in June, but they left after a signaling error caused them to be shelled by their own side. Structures in the village were made of stone foundations with vaulted rooms. There were also two elementary schools and two mosques, all of which were demolished after its capture. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. In 1950 the moshav of Giv'ati was built on the site of the village, with two other moshavim, Azrikam, Emunim, established on land that had belonged to Bayt Daras. Later in the 1950s a farm called Zemorot was built on Khirbat Awda, which had also belonged to Bayt Daras. In 1992 the village site was described: "The only remain of village buildings are the foundations of one house and some scattered rubble. The site is overgrown with wild vegetation interspersed by cactuses and eucalyptus trees. At least one of the streets is clearly recognisable. The surrounding fields are cultivated by the settlements."

Israeli army camp at Bayt Daras, 1948

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UW_Health_University_Hospital

UW Health University Hospital

History

UW Health University Hospital / History

English: Title: Wisconsin General Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Subjects: Hospitals; Universities & colleges Places: Wisconsin > Dane (county) > Madison Notes: Title from item. Extent: 1 print (postcard) : linen texture, color ; 3 1/2 x 5 1/2 in. Accession #: 06_10_022731

UW Health University Hospital is a 505-bed academic regional referral center with 125 outpatient clinics, located on the western edge of the University of Wisconsin–Madison's campus in Madison, Wisconsin. It is an American College of Surgeons designated Level I adult and pediatric trauma center, one of only two in Wisconsin. UW Health University Hospital has seven intensive care units. UW Health University Hospital was ranked by U.S. News & World Report as the 17th best hospital in the United States and the #1 hospital in Wisconsin in the publication's 2019-2020 Best Hospitals Honor Roll, earning national rankings in 12 adult and 4 pediatric specialties. Additionally, UW Health University Hospital was ranked as the 14th best hospital in the United States and among the top 100 hospitals in the world by Newsweek in 2019. UW Health describes itself as "the integrated health system of the University of Wisconsin–Madison." It is the primary teaching affiliate of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.

UW Hospital and Clinics was established by the Wisconsin Legislature in 1924. Originally named Wisconsin General Hospital, the facility's first location was at 1300 University Avenue. In 1979, it moved to a new facility at 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, and the original building was converted for use by the university as classrooms. Formerly part of the University of Wisconsin System, UW Hospital and Clinics was reorganized as a public authority, the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Authority (UWHCA), on June 29, 1996. Since May 2016, UWHC's current CEO has been Alan Kaplan, MD. The hospital and clinics are directed by statute to: "maintain, control and supervise the use of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, for the purposes of: Delivering comprehensive, high−quality health care to patients using the hospitals and to those seeking care from its programs, including a commitment to provide such care for the medically indigent. Providing an environment suitable for instructing medical and other health professions students, physicians, nurses and members of other health−related disciplines. Sponsoring and supporting research in the delivery of health care to further the welfare of the patients treated and applying the advances in health knowledge to alleviate human suffering, promote health and prevent disease. Assisting health programs and personnel throughout the state and region in the delivery of health care."

Wisconsin General Hospital in the 1930s. Built in 1924, this building served as the home of UWHC until 1979. It is today known as the Medical Sciences Center and continues to house UW–Madison's physical therapy program and anatomy laboratory, along with several other university departments[10]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levis_(motorcycle)

Levis (motorcycle)

Four-strokes

Levis (motorcycle) / Four-strokes

Levis Model A2 350 cc OHV motorcycle from 1932

Levis motorcycles, manufactured by Butterfields Ltd. of Birmingham, England were for many years one of England's leading marques of two-stroke motorcycle. Levis built two-stroke machines from 1911, adding a line of four-strokes in 1928, which ran to 1941 when production ceased. The first Levis was made in the Norton works by designer Howard Newey, but James Norton turned it down. Newey then joined with the Butterfields, Arthur and Billy, and sister Daisy, to set up a motorcycle company. Their first model had a capacity of 211 cc.

From 1928 onward, Levis produced 247 cc (67 mm (2.6 in) bore x 70 mm (2.8 in) stroke) and 346 cc (70 mm bore x 90 mm stroke) four-stroke ohv machines and later added 498 cc and 600 cc ohv four-strokes. For a brief period, a 346 cc side valve single, and also a 247 cc sohc single with chain-driven overhead camshaft were available.

1932 OHV 350 cc

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Raj_Hans

Hans Raj Hans

Musical career

Hans Raj Hans / Musical career

English: punjabi gayki seminar

Hans Raj Hans is an Indian singer turned politician. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party and a recipient of the civilian honour of Padma Shri. He sings Punjabi folk and Sufi music as well as in movies and has also released his own 'Punjabi-pop' albums. He has worked alongside other artists, such as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan in the movie Kachche Dhaage.

As a youth, Hans learned from music director Charanjit Ahuja. Then he started singing Punjabi folk, devotional and Sufi music. He worked with Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, in the movie Kachche Dhaage Hans has been an honorary music professor at Washington DC University and San Jose State University.

Punjabi gayki seminar

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Melbourne_Village_Hall

Original Melbourne Village Hall

Original Melbourne Village Hall

English: Original Melbourne Village Hall, Hall Road, Melbourne Village, Florida.

The Original Melbourne Village Hall is a historic building currently located on Hall Road in Melbourne Village, Florida, United States. This building was built circa 1941 during World War II to serve as a military barracks at the Naval Air Station Banana River. After World War II, the U.S. government declared the building surplus and subsequently sold it to the American Homesteading Foundation located at Melbourne Village. In May 1948, the building was moved to its current location and used as a community center. Upon becoming incorporated, the Town of Melbourne Village used the building from 1957 until 1963 as office space until a new town hall was constructed. In 2003, Melbourne Village completed restorations of the building and renamed it Hester Wagner Community House in December of that year.

The Original Melbourne Village Hall is a historic building currently located on Hall Road in Melbourne Village, Florida, United States. This building was built circa 1941 during World War II to serve as a military barracks at the Naval Air Station Banana River. After World War II, the U.S. government declared the building surplus and subsequently sold it to the American Homesteading Foundation located at Melbourne Village. In May 1948, the building was moved to its current location and used as a community center. Upon becoming incorporated, the Town of Melbourne Village used the building from 1957 until 1963 as office space until a new town hall was constructed. In 2003, Melbourne Village completed restorations of the building and renamed it Hester Wagner Community House in December of that year.

Front View of Building

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Original_Melbourne_Village_Hall_Front_1.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guang_Da_Xing_No._28_incident

Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident

Taiwan

Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident / Claims and investigations / Taiwan

English: Bullet Trajectory of Guangdaxing No.28 (Top view)

The Guang Da Xing No. 28 incident was a fatal shooting incident that occurred on 9 May 2013 involving the Taiwanese fishing boat Guang Da Xing No. 28 and the Philippine Coast Guard patrol boat Maritime Control Surveillance 3001, which led to the death of Taiwanese fisherman Hung Shih-cheng by gunfire from the Philippine vessel. The incident occurred within the disputed and overlapping exclusive economic zones of Taiwan and the Philippines. After the incident, Taiwan imposed sanctions and conducted a two-day "safety and rescue drill" with its Naval and Coast Guard forces near the waters where the incident occurred, on the grounds that the killing took place within its exclusive economic zone and the Philippine authority's action was in violation of international law. A Philippine official stated that the shooting was a reaction to the threat of being rammed. The incident came under separate investigations by Taiwanese and Philippine authorities; Taiwanese authorities presented evidence of more than 50 bullet holes found on the fishing boat, while Philippine authorities examined a video tape recording of the incident.

The victim's son, Hung Yu-chih (洪育智), rebutted the Philippine Coast Guard's claim, stating that the 15-ton Guang Da Xing No. 28 had a much lower speed compared to the 90-ton PCG vessel. He said their immediate reaction was to flee when the fishing boat encountered the armed Filipino vessel and allegations that the fishing boat had tried to ram the PCG vessel was self-serving and baseless. The Ministry of Justice published an investigation report on May 15, indicating that 45 bullets hit the boat and that no signs of a collision were found on the boat, refuting the Philippine's claim that the Taiwanese boat had rammed the Filipino vessel. The report further states that there were total of 59 bullet holes with at least one under the waterline and four near the cabin where the crew was hiding, inferring that the PCG intended to kill the crew. According to the voyage data recorder, the shooting occurred at 19°59'47.27"N and 122°55'41.37"E, which is outside the Philippines' territorial waters, but within the shared EEZ. The report further stated that Hung Shih-cheng died of respiratory failure and hemorrhage caused by a single gunshot wound to the neck inflicted by a 7.62 mm caliber ammunition commonly used in weapons such as the M14 rifle, the M240 machine gun and the M60 machine gun. It gave his manner of death as homicide.

Bullet trajectories on Guang Da Xing No. 28 (Top view) as determined by Taiwanese forensic investigators

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_economy_in_anthropology

Political economy in anthropology

Eric Wolf and Europe and the people without history

Political economy in anthropology / Colonialism and imperialism / Eric Wolf and Europe and the people without history

Map showing main Portuguese (blue) and Spanish (white) oceanic trade routes in the 16th century, as a result of the exploration during the Age of Discovery. Showing the Spanish colonial Manila-Acapulco Galleons route (1565-1815) between the Viceroyalty of New Spain (México) and the Spanish East Indies (Philippines), using the ports of Acapulco and Cavite. PIA03395: World in Mercator Projection, Shaded Relief and Colored Height

Political Economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of historical materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political Economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture. Most anthropologists moved away from modes of production analysis typical of structural Marxism, and focused instead on the complex historical relations of class, culture and hegemony in regions undergoing complex colonial and capitalist transitions in the emerging world system. Political Economy was introduced in American anthropology primarily through the support of Julian Steward, a student of Kroeber. Steward's research interests centered on “subsistence” — the dynamic interaction of man, environment, technology, social structure, and the organization of work. This emphasis on subsistence and production - as opposed to exchange - is what distinguishes the Political Economy approach. Steward's most theoretically productive years were from 1946–1953, while teaching at Columbia University.

"Europe and the people without history" is history written on a global scale, tracing the connections between communities, regions, peoples and nations that are usually treated as discrete subjects. The book begins in 1400 with a description of the trade routes a world traveller might have encountered, the people and societies they connected, and the civilizational processes trying to incorporate them. From this, Wolf traces the emergence of Europe as a global power, and the reorganization of particular world regions for the production of goods now meant for global consumption. Wolf differs from World Systems theory in that he sees the growth of Europe until the late eighteenth century operating in a tributary framework, and not capitalism. He examines the way that colonial state structures were created to protect tributary populations involved in the silver, fur and slave trades. Whole new "tribes" were created as they were incorporated into circuits of mercantile accumulation. The final section of the book deals with the transformation in these global networks as a result of the growth of capitalism with the industrial revolution. Factory production of textiles in England, for example transformed cotton production in the American South and Egypt, and eliminated textile production in India. All these transformations are connected in a single structural change. Each of the world's regions are examined in terms of the goods they produced in the global division of labour, as well as the mobilization and migration of whole populations (such as African slaves) to produce these goods. Wolf uses labor market segmentation to provide a historical account of the creation of ethnic segmentation. Where World Systems theory had little to say about the periphery, Wolf's emphasis is on the people "without history" (i.e. not given a voice in western histories) and on how they were active participants in the creation of new cultural and social forms emerging in the context of commercial empire. Wolf distinguishes between three modes of production: capitalist, kin-ordered, and tributary. Wolf does not view them as an evolutionary sequence. He begins with capitalism because he argues our understanding of kin-ordered and tributary modes is coloured by our understanding of capitalism. He argues they are not evolutionary precursors of capitalism, but the product of the encounter between the West and the Rest. In the tributary mode, direct producers possess their own means of production, but their surplus production is taken from them through extra economic means. This appropriation is usually by some form of strong or weak state. In the kin-ordered mode of production, social labour is mobilized through kin relations (such as lineages), although his description makes its exact relations with tributary and capitalist modes unclear. The kin mode was further theorized by French structuralist Marxists in terms of 'articulated modes of production.' The kin-ordered mode is distinct again from Sahlins' formulation of the domestic mode of production.

16th-century Portuguese (blue) and Spanish (white) trade routes

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Eli_(1992)

Typhoon Eli (1992)

Meteorological history

Typhoon Eli (1992) / Meteorological history

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale TD TS 1 2 3 4 5 English: Typhoon Eli 1992 track. Uses the color scheme from the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

Typhoon Eli, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Konsing, struck the Philippines and Hainan during mid-July 1992. A weak low pressure system developed in the Philippines Sea on July 7, which became a tropical depression on the next day. The depression tracked west-northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 10. After turning more westward, Eli steadily intensified, and obtained typhoon intensity that evening. The storm attained its highest intensity of 130 km/h early on July 11 before striking northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea, the storm maintained most of its intensity as it approached Hainan, although agencies disagree on how precisely strong it was. After passing through Hainan late on July 13, Eli passed through the Gulf of Tonkin on the next day before striking Vietnam, where Eli quickly dissipated. Heavy rains associated with Typhoon Eli deluged Luzon and resulted in mudslides surrounding Mount Pinatubo, which had erupted a year prior. Offshore, 10 ships sunk, resulting in a fatality, 19 rescues, and initial reports of 25 missing fishermen. Monetary damage was estimated at US$862,000. Fifteen homes were damaged and five were destroyed.

Following the recurvature of Tropical Depression Deanna on July 2, 1992, ridging temporarily replaced the monsoon trough across the Philippine Islands and the Philippines Sea. This prompted weak winds out of the southwest to persist at low latitudes, which eventually spawned a weak low pressure area that was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on the morning of July 7. On the next day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) first classified the system as a tropical depression. After tracking to the south of Guam, the disturbance accelerated west-northwest and increased in organization, prompting JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 11:02 UTC on July 9. An increase in convective coverage then led the JTWC to declare the system a tropical depression seven hours later. The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on July 10 by both the JMA and JTWC as Eli's convective buildup continued. The intensification trend persisted as the storm tracked more westward; the JMA declared Eli a severe tropical storm at 06:00 UTC the same day. Twelve hours later, the JTWC estimated at Eli attained typhoon intensity. At 00:00 UTC on July 11, the JMA upgraded Eli into a typhoon, with the JTWC and JMA also analyzing a peak intensity of 135 km/h (85 mph) and 130 km/h (80 mph) respectively at the same time. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon made landfall on northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea, the typhoon tracked west as its forward motion slowed in response to Eli nearing the western end of a subtropical ridge. Now tracking west-northwest, data from the JTWC suggested that Eli maintained minimal typhoon intensity until it moved through Hainan on the night of July 13, though data from the JMA indicated that Eli was a weakening tropical storm during this time. The JTWC downgraded Eli into a tropical storm while the system moved west-northwestward across the Gulf of Tonkin. Eli made landfall late on July 13 about 160 km (100 mi) east of Hanoi, with the JMA estimating winds of 80 km/h (50 mph). Eli dissipated over northern Vietnam on July 14.

Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kradolf-Sch%C3%B6nenberg

Kradolf-Schönenberg

Religion

Kradolf-Schönenberg / Religion

Deutsch: Aufnahme 15. Juni 2005, Kirche in Neukirch an der Thur TG. Fotograf Peter Berger (selbst fotografiert). Lizenzstatus "GNU-FDL"

Kradolf-Schönenberg is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The municipality was created in 1996 by a merger of Buhwil, Kradolf, Neukirch an der Thur and Schönenberg an der Thur.

From the 2000 census, 857 or 28.0% were Roman Catholic, while 1,296 or 42.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 Old Catholic who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland there are 37 individuals (or about 1.21% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 186 individuals (or about 6.07% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 369 (or about 12.05% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 10 individuals (or about 0.33% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 196 (or about 6.40% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 110 individuals (or about 3.59% of the population) did not answer the question.

Church in Neukirch

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777_in_the_United_States

1777 in the United States

January–March

1777 in the United States / Events / January–March

English: The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 displays several events at the Battle of Princeton. At the center, American General Hugh Mercer, with his horse beneath him, is mortally wounded. At the left, American Daniel Neil is bayoneted against a cannon. At the right, British Captain William Leslie is shown mortally wounded. In the background, American General George Washington and Doctor Benjamin Rush enter the scene.

Events from the year 1777 in the United States.

January 2 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton: American forces under the command of George Washington repulse a British attack near Trenton, New Jersey. January 3 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Princeton: American general George Washington defeats British general Charles Cornwallis. January 12 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís founded in what is now Santa Clara, California. January 15 – Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming the Vermont Republic, an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in 1791. January 20 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Millstone, part of the Forage War February 1 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Drake's Farm, part of the Forage War February 8 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Quibbletown, part of the Forage War February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Spanktown, part of the Forage War March 8 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Pun Hill, part of the Forage War

January 3: Battle of Princeton

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor-Constant_Michel

Victor-Constant Michel

Victor-Constant Michel

Français : Portrait du général Victor-Constant Michel à son bureau.

Général Victor-Constant Michel was a French General officer. He led the French Army in 1911, but following his opposition to the French strategy for war with Germany was replaced by General Joseph Joffre in July 1911. In August 1914, he was the Military governor of Paris, but was replaced later that month by General Joseph Gallieni.

Général Victor-Constant Michel (30 January 1850 – 8 November 1937) was a French General officer. He led the French Army in 1911, but following his opposition to the French strategy for war with Germany was replaced by General Joseph Joffre in July 1911. In August 1914, he was the Military governor of Paris, but was replaced later that month by General Joseph Gallieni.

Général Michel in 1913

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Lake_Baptist_Church

Sand Lake Baptist Church

Sand Lake Baptist Church

Averill Park, New York

Sand Lake Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church at 2960 State Route 43 in Averill Park, Rensselaer County, New York. The church was built in 1805 and is a Federal period frame building. It is a rectangular, two-story, heavy wood frame building set on a stone foundation. The church has a gable roof and features a two-stage, semi-engaged Greek Revival style tower added in 1840. The front facade features a Palladian window. Also on the property is a contributing parsonage and garage. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. As of May 2017, Pastor Samuel Kupeyan served as pastor of the church.

Sand Lake Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church at 2960 State Route 43 in Averill Park, Rensselaer County, New York. The church was built in 1805 and is a Federal period frame building. It is a rectangular, two-story, heavy wood frame building set on a stone foundation. The church has a gable roof and features a two-stage, semi-engaged Greek Revival style tower added in 1840. The front facade features a Palladian window. Also on the property is a contributing parsonage (1846) and garage (1939). The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. As of May 2017, Pastor Samuel Kupeyan served as pastor of the church.

Sand Lake Baptist Church, May 2010

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolle_Luxdorph

Bolle Luxdorph

Personal life

Bolle Luxdorph / Personal life

English: Bolle Luxdorph copperplate engraving

Bolle Luxdorph was a Danish civil servant and landowner. He was ennobled under the name Luxdorph in 1679. He owned the estates Rosengaard, Sandbygaard, and Sørupgaard. He left them to his daughter, Hedevig Ulrika Luxdorph, who would later marry Christopher Knuth, 1st Count of Knuthenborg. His other child, Christian Luxdorph, was the father of Bolle Willum Luxdorph.

Luxdorph married twice. His first wife was Jytte Bering (1654-1684), a daughter of Historiographer Royal Vitus Bering (1617–75) and Anne Nielsdatter (1630–57). They married on 29 November 1671 in Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen. They had one son, Christian Bollesen Luxdorph (1684-1726). He was in turn the father of Bolle Willum Luxdorph. Luxdorph's second wife was Frederikke Amalie Adeler (1667-1712), a daughter of Admiral Cort Adeler (1622–75) and Anna Pelt (1640-92). She bore him four children of which only a daughter lived to adulthood. Bolle Luxdorph died on 5 September 1698 in Stockholm. He is buried in Trinitatis Church in Copenhagen. He left Rosengaard, Sandbygaard and Sørupgaard to his surviving daughter by his second wife, Hedevig Ulrika Luxdorph, who married Christopher Knuth in 1813. He who was elevated to the status of count the following year.

Copperprint engraving

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterway_Recovery_Group

Waterway Recovery Group

Waterway Recovery Group

English: Photo of the Gough's Orchard lock on the Thames & Severn canal undergoing restoration by Waterway Recovery Group.

The Waterway Recovery Group, founded in 1970, is the national co-ordinating body for voluntary labour on the inland waterways of the United Kingdom.

The Waterway Recovery Group (WRG), founded in 1970, is the national co-ordinating body for voluntary labour on the inland waterways of the United Kingdom.

Waterway restoration in progress: Gough's Orchard lock on the Thames & Severn Canal undergoing restoration by Waterway Recovery Group

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintetsu_9020_series

Kintetsu 9020 series

Kintetsu 9020 series

9020系9021F_EE21編成+5800系5823F_DH23編成 撮影：富雄～学園前

The Kintetsu 9020 series is an electric multiple unit commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway since 2000. In 2001, it was awarded the Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.

The Kintetsu 9020 series (近鉄9020系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway since 2000. In 2001, it was awarded the Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.

A 9020 series on the Nara Line in January 2014

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II

Forced labour under German rule during World War II

Extermination through labour

Forced labour under German rule during World War II / Extermination through labour

The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12 million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Many workers died as a result of their living conditions – extreme mistreatment, severe malnutrition, and worse tortures were the main causes of death. Many more became civilian casualties from enemy bombing and shelling of their workplaces throughout the war. At its peak the forced labourers comprised 20% of the German work force. Counting deaths and turnover, about 15 million men and women were forced labourers at one point during the war. The defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 freed approximately 11 million foreigners, most of whom were forced labourers and POWs. In wartime, the German forces had brought into the Reich 6.5 million civilians in addition to Soviet POWs for unfree labour in factories.

Millions of Jews were forced labourers in ghettos, before they were shipped off to extermination camps. The Nazis also operated concentration camps, some of which provided free forced labour for industrial and other jobs while others existed purely for the extermination of their inmates. To mislead the victims, at the entrances to a number of camps the lie "work brings freedom" ("arbeit macht frei") was placed, to encourage the false impression that cooperation would earn release. A notable example of labour-concentration camp is the Mittelbau-Dora labour camp complex that serviced the production of the V-2 rocket. Extermination through labour was a Nazi German World War II principle that regulated the aims and purposes of most of their labour and concentration camps. The rule demanded that the inmates of German World War II camps be forced to work for the German war industry with only basic tools and minimal food rations until totally exhausted.

Arbeit Macht Frei ("work will set you free") gate at KZ Sachsenhausen

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Napol%C3%A9on_(1850)

French ship Napoléon (1850)

Developments by other navies

French ship Napoléon (1850) / Developments by other navies

The Napoleon At Toulon In 1852

Napoléon was a 90-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, and the first purpose-built steam battleship in the world. She is also considered the first true steam battleship, and the first screw battleship ever. Launched in 1850, she was the lead ship of a class of nine battleships, all built over a period of ten years. This class of ship was designed by the famous naval designer Henri Dupuy de Lôme. She was originally to be named Prince de Joinville, in honour of François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, but was renamed 24 Février during the French Second Republic to celebrate the abdication of Louis Philippe I, and later to Napoléon in May 1850, a few days after her launch. The Prince of Joinville mentioned the incident in his Vieux Souvenirs, bitterly writing "I still laugh about it".

From 1844–45 the Anglo-French Entente collapsed following the French interventions in Tahiti and Morocco, and the publication of French pamphlets advocating a stronger navy (such as "Notes sur l’état des forces navales" by the Prince de Joinville), leading to an arms race in the naval area. The United Kingdom already had a few coastal units with screw/steam propulsion in the 1840s, called "blockships", which were conversions of small traditional battleships into floating batteries with a jury rig, with a medium 450 hp (340 kW) engine for speeds of 5.8 knots (10.7 km/h; 6.7 mph) to 8.9 knots (16.5 km/h; 10.2 mph). The Royal Navy had also commissioned a number of steam sloops, HMS Rattler being the first screw-propelled warship to be launched anywhere in the world in 1843. Both nations had also developed steam frigates, the French Pomone launched in 1845, and the British Amphion a year later. However, Napoléon was the first regular steam battleship to be launched. In 1847, Britain had designed a screw/steam battleship named James Watt, but the project much delayed and she did not enter service until 1854. Her sister ship, Agamemnon was ordered in 1849 and commissioned in January 1853. Another sailing battleship, Sans Pareil was converted to steam on the stocks and launched in March 1851; she beat Agamemnon into service in November 1852. Britain’s reluctance to commit to the steam battleship apparently stemmed from her commitment to long-distance, worldwide operation, for which, at that time, sail was still the most reliable mode of propulsion. In the end, France and Great Britain were the only two countries to develop fleets of wooden steam battleships, although several other navies are known to have had at least one unit, built or converted with British technical support (Russia, Turkey, Sweden, Naples, Denmark and Austria). Altogether, France built 10 new wooden steam battleships and converted 28 from older battleship units, while Britain built 18 and converted 41.

Napoléon at Toulon in 1852.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeontological_Museum,_Munich

Palaeontological Museum, Munich

Palaeontological Museum, Munich

English: A Monoclonius nasicornus in the Paläontologisches Museum in Munich, Germany. Deutsch: Ein Horndinosaurier (Monoclonius nasicornus) im Paläontologischen Museum in München, Deutschland.

The Palaeontological Museum in Germany, is a German national natural history museum located in the city of Munich, Bavaria. It is associated with the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. It has a large collection of fossils of animals and plants such as Mesozoic reptiles, early elephants and saber-toothed cats. The paleontological and geological institute which houses the museum is formally called the Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, which itself is one of several institutions which make up the Bavarian Natural History Collections. One of its highlights is the specimen of the early bird Archaeopteryx discovered in 1991. The museum is also interesting because of the architecture of its building, the former urban college of arts and crafts.

The Palaeontological Museum in Germany (Paläontologische Museum München), is a German national natural history museum located in the city of Munich, Bavaria. It is associated with the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. It has a large collection of fossils of animals and plants such as Mesozoic reptiles, early elephants and saber-toothed cats. The paleontological and geological institute which houses the museum is formally called the Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology (Bayerische Staatsammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, BSPG), which itself is one of several institutions which make up the Bavarian Natural History Collections (Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, SNSB). One of its highlights is the specimen of the early bird Archaeopteryx discovered in 1991. The museum is also interesting because of the architecture of its building, the former urban college of arts and crafts.

A Monoclonius nasicornus in the Paläontologisches Museum.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Digby

RAF Digby

Second World War

RAF Digby / History / Second World War

English: Plotting table in RAF Digby Sector Operations Room

Royal Air Force Digby otherwise known as RAF Digby is Royal Air Force station located near Scopwick and 11.6 mi south east of Lincoln, in Lincolnshire, England. The station is home to the tri-service Joint Service Signals Organisation, part of Joint Forces Intelligence Group of Joint Forces Command. Other units include the RAF Aerial Erector School, No. 54 Signals Unit and No. 591 Signals Unit. Formerly an RAF training and fighter airfield it is the site of one of the country's older Royal Air Force stations, predated only by RAF Northolt which is the oldest and predates the Royal Air Force by three years having opened in 1915. Flying at Digby ceased in 1953.

RAF Digby entered the war with some of its squadrons operating from nearby satellite fields under its control at RAF Coleby Grange and RAF Wellingore. The first squadron scrambled from Digby was No. 46 Squadron on 3 September; told there was an incoming German raid they found nothing and returned. October 1939 saw a number of arrivals at the station. On 10 October No. 611 Squadron RAF flying Supermarine Spitfires and No. 229 Squadron RAF operating Bristol Blenheims arrived at Digby. Initially, No. 611 Squadron flew affiliation exercises with the other two squadrons and with other new arrivals No. 44 Squadron RAF and No. 144 Squadron RAF, who were both equipped with Hampden light bombers. At the end of October a Bristol Blenheim fighter and escort Squadron arrived, No. 29 Squadron RAF. With the squadron came the soon-to-be-famous officer Guy Gibson, who would be awarded a Victoria Cross as the commander of the Dambusters. It was Gibson's second tour at Digby as he had learned to fly at the station while attending No. 2 FTS in 1936. Gibson was still based at Digby in 1940 when he was married in Penarth, South Wales. As 1939 came to a close King George VI made the first of three formal visits to RAF Digby. In addition to inspecting No. 46 Squadron, he presented decorations to fighter pilots from Digby and several neighbouring stations. The recipients included Guy Gibson who received his first DFC. For six weeks in May and June 1940 the station was home to No. 222 Squadron RAF on a rotational rest and recuperation break from fighting the Battle of Britain from RAF Duxford. The squadron's most famous flight commander was the legless fighter ace Flight Lieutenant Douglas Bader. With the station's complement of pilots expanding nearby Wellingore Hall was requisitioned as a second officers' mess. In late August 1940 a single German Junkers Ju 88 bomber appeared suddenly out of the mist and dropped its load of bombs on the station, all of them missing the runways and buildings to explode harmlessly on open ground. In February 1941 the first of the Canadian fighter squadrons arrived at Digby. No. 1 (Canadian) Squadron and No. 2 (Canadian) Squadron immediately renumbered as No. 401 Squadron RAF and No. 402 Squadron RAF respectively; both squadrons were equipped with Hurricanes. The Canadian Digby wing was formed on 24 April 1941 when the station received three further squadrons, 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron flying Boulton Paul Defiants, No. 411 Squadron RCAF and No. 412 Squadron RAF both flying Supermarine Spitfires. RAF Digby received several German bomber raids during 1941 and extensive damage was suffered. It was decided to relocate the 12 Group Sector Operations Centre away from further danger and it moved to a luxurious setting in the west wing of Blankney Hall where it stayed for the remainder of the war. Several RAF squadrons arrived to serve alongside the Canadians during 1941; No. 92 Squadron RAF and No. 609 Squadron RAF both arrived from RAF Biggin Hill on rotational rest and recuperation leave. There were now so many airmen at RAF Digby that even the two officers' messes could not accommodate them all. Several squadrons commandeered the nearby Ashby Hall as their officers' mess and the hall remained in this role until the end of the war when it fell into disrepair and its estate was broken up. American-born pilot and poet John Gillespie Magee flying for the Canadian air force was killed at the age of 19 on 11 December 1941 while stationed at RAF Digby with No 412 (Fighter) Squadron, RCAF. Magee took off in a Spitfire from the satellite field at RAF Wellingore and, while descending through cloud over Roxholm village just south of Digby, was involved in a mid-air collision with an Airspeed Oxford climbing out of RAF Cranwell. Magee is buried at the war graves section of Scopwick churchyard along with 49 other aviators from local airfields and five German aircrew. On his grave are inscribed the first and last lines from his poem High Flight: "Oh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth – Put out my hand and touched the Fac

Sector Operations Room Museum – displayed as it was in 1939

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/RAF_Digby_Ops_Room.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_criticism

Varieties of criticism

Varieties of criticism

Русский: Дискуссия "Тольяттинская драматургия: контекст российский" на театральном фестивале "Новая драма" в Тольятти". Слева направо: театральный критик Кристина Матвиенко, режиссер и драматург Михаил Угаров, театральный критик Майя Мамаладзе, драматург Вадим Леванов. Камерный зал театра "Колесо" на ул. Ленинградская, 31, Тольятти, Россия. 31 марта 2007 года. English: Discussion "Togliatti drama: the Russian context" at the theater festival "New drama" in Togliatti". From left to right: theater critic Kristina Matvienko, Director and playwright Mikhail Ugarov, theater critic Maya Mamaladze, playwright Vadim Levanov. Chamber hall of the theatre "Koleso" on Leningradskaya Street, 31, Togliatti, Russia. 31 March 2007.

There are many varieties of criticism.

There are many varieties of criticism. This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life. For other criteria that classify criticisms, see Criticism § Classifications. For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.

Theatre critics and playwrights discuss plays at a theatre festival.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransom_note_effect

Ransom note effect

Ransom note effect

English: Name of the en:San Francisco typeface.

In typography, the ransom note effect is the result of using an excessive number of juxtaposed typefaces. It takes its name from the appearance of a stereotypical ransom note, with the message formed from words or letters cut randomly from a magazine or newspaper in order to avoid using recognizable handwriting. The term is also used to describe poor typesetting or layout created by an untrained Web developer or desktop publishing user, but the problem is recognized in classical typography which cites handbills from the 18th and 19th centuries as particular examples. Early versions of Macintosh system software, up through System 7, included a bitmapped font called San Francisco that replicated the ransom note effect. The font was not carried over into later versions of Mac OS. The ransom note effect may also occur when a web browser uses different fonts to display parts of a web page in different languages or encodings. To avoid this, web browsers try to use the same font for as much of the page as possible.

In typography, the ransom note effect is the result of using an excessive number of juxtaposed typefaces. It takes its name from the appearance of a stereotypical ransom note, with the message formed from words or letters cut randomly from a magazine or newspaper in order to avoid using recognizable handwriting. The term is also used to describe poor typesetting or layout created by an untrained Web developer or desktop publishing user, but the problem is recognized in classical typography which cites handbills from the 18th and 19th centuries as particular examples. Early versions of Macintosh system software, up through System 7, included a bitmapped font called San Francisco that replicated the ransom note effect. The font was not carried over into later versions of Mac OS. The ransom note effect may also occur when a web browser uses different fonts to display parts of a web page in different languages or encodings (or if a language uses glyphs from different code blocks, as is the case with Ancient Greek). To avoid this, web browsers try to use the same font for as much of the page as possible.

The typeface San Francisco replicated the ransom note effect.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_L._Martin_Maryland_Aviation_Museum

Glenn L. Martin Maryland Aviation Museum

Collection

Glenn L. Martin Maryland Aviation Museum / Collection

Full US Army serial 66-15238. c/n 1966. On display with the Maryland Aviation Museum as part of the Strawberry Point Flightline. Martin State Airport, Maryland, USA. 09-5-2015

The Glenn L. Martin Maryland Aviation Museum is located at Martin State Airport in Middle River, Maryland. It educates visitors through the use of exhibits, artifacts, archival materials and stories about aviation in Maryland over the last hundred years, with an emphasis on the Glenn L. Martin Company and the more recent Lockheed Martin histories. The aircraft currently on display are on loan from the Navy and Army, with the exception of the Martin 4-0-4, which was donated to the museum in 1999. The museum also hosts periodic open cockpit days featuring three or four selected aircraft. The history of the Martin Corporation is told with displays of models, films, photographs and documents from the museum's large archive. There is a research library, through which this archive can be examined on appointment. The museum relies on volunteers who run the museum and assist the visitors with admissions, store purchases, and tours. They also help with visiting school groups, other educational projects and aircraft restorations.

The following aircraft are in the museum's collection. Beechcraft 18S Beechcraft T-34C Mentor Bell UH-1M Iroquois Douglas TA-4J Skyhawk Forney F-1 Lockheed T-33 LTV A-7D Corsair II North American F-100F Super Sabre North American F-100F Super Sabre Martin 4-0-4 Martin RB-57A Canberra Martin RB-57A Canberra McDonnell Douglas F-4C Phantom II McDonnell F-101B Voodoo Republic RF-84F Thunderflash Republic F-105G Thunderchief Other aircraft and exhibits in storage and not available for viewing are: Grumman F-9F Cougar Aft fuselage and tail of a Martin P6M SeaMaster jet flying boat Two Martin AM Mauler aircraft under restoration

Bell UH-1M Huey at the museum

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salpicon

Salpicon

Salpicon

Salpicón de marisco, Galiza

Salpicon is a dish of one or more ingredients diced or minced and bound with a sauce or liquid. There are different versions found in Spanish and the broader Latin American cuisine. A salpicon is sometimes used as stuffing. In contrast to the usual savory versions of other cuisines, in Colombia "salpicon" refers to a sweet and cold beverage. In Mexican cuisine and Central American cuisine, the term refers to a salad mixture containing thinly sliced or chopped flank steak, onion, oregano, chile serrano, avocado, tomatoes, and vinegar. The mixture is commonly served on tostadas, tacos or as a filling of poblano peppers. In Colombian cuisine, salpicón is a fruit cocktail beverage made with a base of watermelon and/or orange juice, which gives it its bright red color, and soda water.

Salpicon (or salpicón, meaning "hodgepodge" or "medley" in Spanish) is a dish of one or more ingredients diced or minced and bound with a sauce or liquid. There are different versions found in Spanish and the broader Latin American cuisine. A salpicon is sometimes used as stuffing. In contrast to the usual savory versions of other cuisines, in Colombia "salpicon" refers to a sweet and cold beverage. In Mexican cuisine and Central American cuisine, the term refers to a salad mixture containing thinly sliced or chopped flank steak, onion, oregano, chile serrano, avocado, tomatoes, and vinegar. The mixture is commonly served on tostadas, tacos or as a filling of poblano peppers. In Colombian cuisine, salpicón is a fruit cocktail beverage made with a base of watermelon and/or orange juice, which gives it its bright red color, and soda water.

Seafood salpicon, an example from Spanish cuisine.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Hours_of_Simon_de_Varie

Book of Hours of Simon de Varie

Artists and sequence

Book of Hours of Simon de Varie / Artists and sequence

The martyrdom of St. Sebastian - tied to a tree, he is pierced by arrows - miniature from folio 076v from the Book of Hours of Simon de Varie - KB 74 G37 Topics depicted in this miniature St. sebastian pierced by arrows, the archers visible (11H(SEBASTIAN)621) Violent death by arrow(s) - ee - death not certain; wounded person (31EE23461) This miniature is part of folio 076v

The Book of Hours of Simon de Varie is a French illuminated manuscript book of hours commissioned by the court official Simon de Varie, with miniatures attributed to at least four artists; hand A who may have been a workshop member of the Bedford Master, the anonymous illustrators known as the Master of Jean Rolin II, the Dunois Master and the French miniaturist Jean Fouquet. It was completed in 1455 and consists of 49 large miniatures and dozens of decorative vignettes and painted initials, which total over 80 decorations. Fouquet is known to have contributed six full leaf illuminations, including a masterwork Donor and Virgin diptych. A number of saints appear - Saint Simon is placed as usual alongside Saint Jude; other pages feature saints Bernard of Menthon, James the Greater and Guillaume de Bourges. The book was divided into 3 volumes by its 17th century owner Philippe de Béthune. Two are currently housed at National Library of the Netherlands, in The Hague and were acquired in 1816 and 1890.

The presence of at least four hands suggests that the worked at the same place, but at different stages. There are no records of the commission, so their identity has been built up through their similarity to other works and by associating stylistic traits. Hand A was identified as the "chief associate" of the Bedford Master by Marrow. The artist was described in 1966 as "easy to recognise because he paints carelessly with strong mannerisms of form and colour ... the broad shape of ... heads, the blond hair, the fussy folds of clothing". Hand B (the Master of Jean Rolin) contributions are largely in line with the then tradition of French manuscript illustration. He is identified with the illustrations on the 12 calendar pages. These contain roundel in the left margins, representation occupations usually associated with the months of the year. The lower borders and left margins contain zodiac symbols. The calendars are followed by illustrations from the Gospels, followed by portraits of the evangelists. Both sequences are attributed to hand A (workshop of the Bedford Master), and are typical of the artist's manner; round, soft features and forms set in tight and crowded spaces. Matthew, Luke and Mark are set in interior settings, surrounded by iconography usually related to them. John is shown on the island of Pamtos with an eagle to his left, and a daemon to his right. Hand A is also associated with the following pages, which consist essentially of hymns and prayers to Mary. In the first two pages she is accompanied by angels playing music, with the Christ child in front of her; seated on the floor or leafing through a book.

Folio 076v, Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, tied to a tree, he is pierced by arrows

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pope_Morris

George Pope Morris

George Pope Morris

George Pope Morris (1802-1864). Oil on Canvas

George Pope Morris, 1836, oil on canvas by Henry Inman

George Pope Morris was an American editor, poet, and songwriter.

George Pope Morris (October 10, 1802 – July 6, 1864) was an American editor, poet, and songwriter.

George Pope Morris, 1836, oil on canvas by Henry Inman

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_Walkway

Winnipeg Walkway

Main underground

Winnipeg Walkway / Network segments / Main underground

English: Shops in "Winnipeg Square" underground mall in Winnipeg, Manitoba

The Winnipeg Walkway System, also known as the Winnipeg Skywalk, is a network of pedestrian skyways and tunnels connecting a significant portion of downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 2002, a profile of Downtown Winnipeg published by the City of Winnipeg described the Walkway as a system of 14 skyways and 7 tunnels connecting 38 buildings and allowing for a maximum protected walk of 2 km. It went on to state that the system provides year-round climate-controlled access to over 170,000 m² of space, including over 200 shops and businesses, 10 office complexes, 60 restaurants and snack bars, 700 apartment units, 2 hotels, 11 financial centres, and the Winnipeg Millennium Library, bringing together 21,000 employees. The walkway system has since expanded.

This portion of the network is centred underneath the historic intersection of Portage and Main, said to be the windiest in Canada. At street level this intersection is closed to pedestrians; it is not possible to cross it without going underground. On a much smaller scale, this segment is somewhat reminiscent of Montreal's Underground City. Via a network of tunnels, the Main Underground connects the following: Portage and Main Pedestrian Loop Trizec Complex Shops of Winnipeg Square 360 Main (formerly Commodity Exchange Tower) Scotiabank Building Royal Bank Building 201 Portage (formerly Canwest Place, CanWest Global Place, TD Centre) TDS Law TD Canada Trust (now at 360 main street) Concourse Sports/Ergonomic Physiotherapy Lombard Place Richardson Building CIBC Fairmont Winnipeg Hotel Lombard Concourse 161 Portage Avenue East Historic Grain Exchange Building Historic Bank of Montreal Building MTS Place (formerly Bank of Montreal Tower) At the southwestern corner of Winnipeg Square, near the intersection of Graham Avenue and Fort Street, there are escalator, lift and stairway connections to the second floor of 200 Graham Avenue, thereby connecting the Main Underground to the Graham Skywalk.

Shops in Winnipeg Square underground mall

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Garden

Xu Garden

Features

Xu Garden / Features

日本語: 総統府 煦園 2004年5月4日撮影 撮影者:権作 参照：http://px820.onmitsu.jp/kankou/zongtongfu/zongtongfu01.html

Xu Garden, also called Xihuayuan is a classical Chinese garden in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is located on the west side of the Presidential Palace in Nanjing. It is also one of two prominent gardens in Nanjing alongside the Zhan Garden.

Contained within Xu Garden is a 14.5-meter-long timber-mimic stony boat built by gray stones. Now it is the symbol of the garden. The Qianlong Emperor used to call it "Bu Ji Zhou" (不系舟), or "unmoored boat." Xu Garden has an artificial hillock called "South Rockery," made of rocks resembling 12 Chinese zodiac animals. Among these hillock there is a Hexagonal Pavilion. From afar it looks like an overlapping of two pavilions, but a closer look reveals an integrated body. It was called "Mandarin Duck Pavilion," as mandarin ducks are known for appearing in pairs. "Tong Yin Guan" (桐音馆), or "Paulownia Melody House," is the largest building in the garden, built by paulownia timber. It was used as Zeng Guofan's reception hall. Several huge Chinese parasol trees are planted around the house. When rains fall on the trees, the mellifluous sounds resonate. Behind the house lies "North Rockery". There are caves inside the hillocks, and they are interconnected like a maze. Beside it is a stone tablet, on which the Daoguang Emperor's handwriting "Heart Stamping Stony House" (印心石室) is engraved.

Xu Garden

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockwell_Garage

Stockwell Garage

Stockwell Garage

English: Stockwell Bus GarageThis is a photo of listed building number 1249757.

Stockwell Garage is a large bus garage in Stockwell, in the London Borough of Lambeth, which opened in April 1952. At the time of construction it was Europe's largest unsupported roof span. The garage provides 73,350 sq ft of unobstructed parking space and could originally house 200 buses, required at a time when the last trams were being replaced by buses. On a cursory view of the exterior, the bus garage is typical of much of the architecture built in the post war reconstruction period in London around the Festival of Britain. There was a steel shortage at the time, so concrete was used for the roof structure instead of the steel girder structure that had previously been the norm. At Stockwell, the opportunity was taken to create a bravura piece of reinforced concrete design, building on a formerly residential site cleared by the Blitz. It is a few hundred metres to the northwest of Stockwell Underground station. The garage was designed by Adie, Button and Partners, with Thomas Bilbow, who was architect to the London Transport Executive, and the structural engineer from the firm of Alfred Edward Beer. The main contractor was Wilson Lovatt & Sons.

Stockwell Garage is a large bus garage in Stockwell, in the London Borough of Lambeth, which opened in April 1952. At the time of construction it was Europe's largest unsupported roof span. The garage provides 73,350 sq ft (6,814 m²) of unobstructed parking space and could originally house 200 buses, required at a time when the last trams were being replaced by buses. On a cursory view of the exterior, the bus garage is typical of much of the architecture built in the post war reconstruction period in London around the Festival of Britain. There was a steel shortage at the time, so concrete was used for the roof structure instead of the steel girder structure that had previously been the norm. At Stockwell, the opportunity was taken to create a bravura piece of reinforced concrete design, building on a formerly residential site cleared by the Blitz. It is a few hundred metres to the northwest of Stockwell Underground station. The garage was designed by Adie, Button and Partners, with Thomas Bilbow, who was architect to the London Transport Executive, and the structural engineer from the firm of Alfred Edward Beer. The main contractor was Wilson Lovatt & Sons. The 393 ft (120 m) long roof structure is supported by ten very shallow "two-hinged" arched ribs. Each is 7 ft (2.1 m) deep at the centre of the arch, 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) at the end, and spans 194 ft (59 m). The 42 ft (13 m) gap between each pair of ribs is spanned by a cantilevered barrel vault topped by large skylights. The vaults are crossed by smaller ribs to prevent torsion. Seen from the outside, the main arches are visible as outward-leaning buttresses, with a segmental curve to each bay forming a flowing roof line. The buttresses and ribs were cast in situ in sections, using the same reusable formwork. The bed of the subterranean River Effra was found to pass through the site during construction, which necessitated deeper foundations for the supporting concrete buttresses. Three of the nine bays to Lansdowne Way to the north – the central bay and two end bays – have large double folding doors to permit access; other bays are glazed with twenty vertical lights. Each bay has segmental toplights with central louvres for ventilation. The gable ends are also glazed with vertical lights, with folding doors to Binfield Road to the west. The site also houses inspection pits, offices, and a canteen in one- and two-storey brick buildings filling the angle as Binfield Road turn past to the south. Since 1988 the garage has been a Grade II* listed building, reflecting its importance in post-war architectural and engineering history. It is coded "SW" by Transport for London. The writer Will Self has called the garage "the most important building in London". During the privatisation of London bus services, it was included in the sale of London General to the Go-Ahead Group.

Gable end to Binfield Road to the west

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzhursky_District

Uzhursky District

Uzhursky District

Русский: Озеро Учум: Ужурский район, Красноярский край This image is related to the protected area of Russia number 2400197This template and pages using it are maintained by the Russian WLE team. Please read the guidelines before making any changes that can affect the database!

Uchum Lake, Uzhursky District

Uzhursky District is an administrative and municipal district, one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Nazarovsky District in the north, Balakhtinsky District in the east, Novosyolovsky District in the southeast, the Republic of Khakassia in the south, and with Sharypovsky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 4,226 square kilometers. Its administrative center is the town of Uzhur. Population: 33,739; 36,169; 48,363. The population of Uzhur accounts for 47.7% of the district's total population.

Uzhursky District (Russian: Ужу́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai and borders with Nazarovsky District in the north, Balakhtinsky District in the east, Novosyolovsky District in the southeast, the Republic of Khakassia in the south, and with Sharypovsky District in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 4,226 square kilometers (1,632 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uzhur. Population: 33,739 (2010 Census); 36,169 (2002 Census); 48,363 (1989 Census). The population of Uzhur accounts for 47.7% of the district's total population.

Uchum Lake, Uzhursky District

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateshwar

Pateshwar

Pateshwar

English: Pateshwar shiva temple is located in 5km from Satara town

Pateshwar is a village in Satara district of Maharashtra, known for rock-cut caves with shrines of Shiva. Pateshwar is located about 11.26 km South East of Satara on the Satara-Kolhapur state highway in Maharashtra. While there are two ways of approaching Pateshwar, the most popular route is through Degaon village by State Transport buses, autorickshaws apart from private cars. The other route is from the South through a village called Borgaon. This road is preferred by the locals, however tourists prefer the Degaon route. Pateshwar has 8 ancient caves and many ancient stone carved deities of Shiva and other deities. The place is known for having more than 1000 Shiva-lings. Most important amongst these is the Maha Shiva Lingam which has intricate carvings. Many of the deities find references in the ancient Hindu Vedas and Puranas. Some of the identified deities are as below

Pateshwar is a village in Satara district of Maharashtra, known for rock-cut caves with shrines of Shiva. Pateshwar is located about 11.26 km South East of Satara on the Satara-Kolhapur state highway in Maharashtra. While there are two ways of approaching Pateshwar, the most popular route is through Degaon village by State Transport buses, autorickshaws apart from private cars. The other route is from the South through a village called Borgaon. This road is preferred by the locals, however tourists prefer the Degaon route. Pateshwar has 8 ancient caves and many ancient stone carved deities of Shiva and other deities. The place is known for having more than 1000 Shiva-lings (Also known as Pinds). Most important amongst these is the Maha Shiva Lingam which has intricate carvings. Many of the deities find references in the ancient Hindu Vedas and Puranas. Some of the identified deities are as below

Pateshwar temple

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Wat_River

Ma Wat River

Ma Wat River

English: Ma Wat River under water pipe under construction, 2005

Ma Wat River is a river in Fanling, northern New Territories, Hong Kong. Its source lies at Kau Lung Hang Shan. The river flows northwards towards Fanling, staying near the eastern industrial areas. It empties into Ng Tung River near Kan Lung Tsuen.

Ma Wat River (Chinese: 麻笏河) is a river in Fanling, northern New Territories, Hong Kong. Its source lies at Kau Lung Hang Shan. The river flows northwards towards Fanling, staying near the eastern industrial areas. It empties into Ng Tung River near Kan Lung Tsuen.

Nov 2005, the construction site for drainage improvement project under water pipes.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ma_Wat_River_under_water_pipe_under_construction_2005.jpg

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27elisir_d%27amore

L'elisir d'amore

Act 1

L'elisir d'amore / Plot / Act 1

L'elisir d'amore is an Italian comic opera in two acts. The music was written by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre. The opera was first performed at the Teatro della Canobbiana, Milan, Italy on May 12, 1832. L'elisir d'amore is number 12 on the Operabase list of the most performed operas in the world. The aria "Una furtiva lagrima" is very famous. In 1840, Richard Wagner arranged the opera for piano. W. S. Gilbert wrote a parody of the opera called Dulcamara, or the Little Duck and the Great Quack in 1866.

Nemorino, a poor peasant, is in love with Adina, a beautiful landowner. She torments him with her seeming indifference. When Nemorino hears Adina reading to her workers the story of Tristan and Isolde, he considers using a magic potion to gain Adina's love. He is afraid she loves Sergeant Belcore. The Sergeant appears with his regiment. He proposes marriage to Adina. The traveling quack salesman, Dulcamara arrives, selling his bottled cure-all to the townspeople. Nemorino asks Dulcamara if he has anything like Isolde's love potion. Dulcamara says he does. He sells it to Nemorino at a price matching the contents of Nemorino's pockets. The bottle contains only wine. In order to make a timely escape, Dulcamara tells Nemorino the potion will not take effect until the next day. Nemorino drinks it, feeling its effects immediately. Emboldened by the 'elixir' Nemorino encounters Adina. She teases him mercilessly, the audience senses that the attraction might be mutual, were it not for the marriage proposal of the Sergeant Belcore. In fact, their wedding date has been set for six days hence. Nemorino's confidence that tomorrow he will win Adina by virtue of the elixir, causes him to act indifferently toward her. This upsets Adina, but she attempts to hide her feelings. Instead, she ups the ante as well by agreeing to Sergeant Belcore's alternate suggestion: that they marry immediately as he has just received orders that the regiment must ship off the next morning. Both Adina and the Sergeant gauge Nemorino's reaction to this news, the Sergeant with resentment, Adina with despair. Nemorino panics, and cries out for Doctor Dulcamara to come to his aid.

Cover of the edizioni Ricordi libretto

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_national_under-21_football_team

Switzerland national under-21 football team

Switzerland national under-21 football team

Français : Devant, de gauche à droite: Philippe Koch, Fabian Lustenberger, Gaetano Berardi, Innocent Emeghara et Xherdan Shaqiri; derrière, de gauche à droite: Jonathan Rossini, Fabian Frei, Granit Xhaka, Admir Mehmedi, Timm Klose et Yann Sommer

The Switzerland national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Switzerland and is controlled by the Swiss Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, held every two years.

The Switzerland national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Switzerland and is controlled by the Swiss Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, held every two years.

Switzerland national under-21 football team at the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satlada

Satlada

Satlada

English: It has 465 pearls embedded in it.

Satlada is a seven stringed pearl necklace from Hyderabad Deccan. It has 465 pearls embedded in it. It can also be set with emeralds, diamonds and rubies. Some of the pearls are so large they look like small eggs, or outsized peas.

Satlada is a seven stringed pearl necklace from Hyderabad Deccan. It has 465 pearls embedded in it. It can also be set with emeralds, diamonds and rubies. Some of the pearls are so large they look like small eggs, or outsized peas.

Made in Basra, Iraq for the Nizams of Hyderabad

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Route_241

New York State Route 241

Route description

New York State Route 241 / Route description

English: New York State Route 241 southbound at New York State Route 394 in the hamlet of Randolph, New York.

New York State Route 241 is a north–south state highway in Cattaraugus County, New York, in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 394 in the hamlet of Randolph and its northern terminus is at a junction with U.S. Route 62 in the town of Conewango. Today, NY 241 is little more than a connector between the two highways; however, when it was first assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, it extended north to then-NY 18 in Dayton. The portion of NY 241 north of Conewango was incorporated into an extension of US 62 c. 1932, and NY 241 was truncated in the late 1940s to eliminate the overlap with US 62.

NY 241 begins at an intersection with NY 394 (Main Street) and County Route 65 (CR 65, named Weeden Road) in the hamlet of Randolph. The highway heads to the northwest, paralleling NY 394 for a short distance before heading out of Randolph into the rural regions north of the community. The highway heads northward as Conewango Road, passing (and soon paralleling) the Cardinal Hills Golf Course until the intersection with Benson Road. NY 241 continues northward, passing through farmland and soon turning to the northwest once again. The highway passes some residential homes and continues in a west-northwestward progression into the unincorporated community of Pope. In Pope, the highway begins to fill with forestry before entering a small residential area, leaving Pope a short distance after. NY 241 makes several changes in direction before maintaining a northward progression through farmlands before entering the community of Conewango. There, several more residences begin to populate the northbound highway until CR 40 (Seager Hill Road). At the intersection, CR 40 terminates and NY 241 continues along Seager Hill until the terminus at US 62 in the center of Conewango.

NY 241 southbound at NY 394 in the hamlet of Randolph

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Dwarfs

Seven Dwarfs

History

Seven Dwarfs / History

The Seven Dwarfs are a group of seven fictional dwarfs each with an age above 100 years old that appear in the fairy tale Snow White and others.

The Seven Dwarfs are a group of seven dwarfs that live in a tiny cottage and work in the nearby mines. Snow White happens upon their house after being told by the Huntsman to flee from the Queen's kingdom. The Seven Dwarfs return home and immediately notice someone has sneaked in, because the house has been cleaned. During their loud discussion, they discover the sleeping Snow White. She wakes up and explains to them what happened. The Dwarfs take pity on her, saying: "If you will keep house for us, and cook, make beds, wash, sew, and knit, and keep everything clean and orderly, then you can stay with us, and you shall have everything that you want." They warn her to be careful when alone at home, and to not let anyone in while they are delving in the mountains. When the Queen, disguised as an old peddler, ties a colorful, silk bodice onto Snow White, it causes her to faint. The Seven Dwarfs return just in time and Snow White is saved when the Dwarfs cut the lace. When the Queen dresses as a comb seller, she gives Snow White a poisoned comb, but the Seven Dwarfs save her again. The Queen then appears disguised as a farmer's wife and gives Snow White a poisoned apple, of which she consumes and seemingly dies. This time, the Seven Dwarfs are unable to revive the girl, because they can't find the source of Snow White's poor health and, assuming that she is dead, they place her in a glass coffin. After some time has passed, a Prince traveling through the land sees Snow White where he strides to her coffin, and instantly falls in love with her upon being enchanted by her beauty. As the Prince transports her body back to his castle, her coffin is hit hard and a large piece of apple in her throat is released which revives her. The prince marries Snow White.

Six out of the seven Disney dwarfs (left to right: Sneezy, Bashful, Sleepy, Happy, Grumpy, Doc) -- all but Dopey -- walking on a log and singing "Heigh-Ho".

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Snow_white_1937_trailer_screenshot_%282%29.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato_Patisia_metro_station

Kato Patisia metro station

Kato Patisia metro station

Ελληνικά: Ο Σταθμός Κάτω Πατησίων του ΗΣΑΠ. English: Kato Patisia station of Athens-Piraeus Electric Railway.

Kato Patisia metro station is on Athens Metro Line 1 in Patisia. It opened on 12 February 1956 and is 13.722 kilometres from Piraeus.

Kato Patisia metro station is on Athens Metro Line 1 in Patisia. It opened on 12 February 1956 and is 13.722 kilometres (8.526 mi) from Piraeus.

Station platforms

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Town_(Miskolc)

University Town (Miskolc)

University Town (Miskolc)

Egyetemváros is the part of Miskolc, Hungary where the buildings of the University of Miskolc stand. Its area is approximately 850.000 m² and can be found between the Avas hill and Miskolctapolca. It was designated in February 1950 as the place for the university which was being moved from Sopron to Miskolc. The main buildings of the university, the library, the canteen, the dormitories and the sports facilities can be found in University Town, surrounded by a large park. Not all of the institutions of the university are to be found in this district. The College of Dunaújváros was a faculty of the university between 1969 and 2000. The Comenius Teacher's College, which became a faculty of the university in 2000, is in Sárospatak. The Béla Bartók Music Institute, which joined the university in 1997, resides in the Palace of Music in the downtown, while the Imre Hajnal Health Institute is in Hejőcsaba.

Egyetemváros (literally: University Town) is the part of Miskolc, Hungary where the buildings of the University of Miskolc stand. Its area is approximately 850.000 m² and can be found between the Avas hill and Miskolctapolca. It was designated in February 1950 as the place for the university which was being moved from Sopron to Miskolc. The main buildings of the university, the library, the canteen, the dormitories and the sports facilities can be found in University Town, surrounded by a large park. Not all of the institutions of the university are to be found in this district. The College of Dunaújváros was a faculty of the university between 1969 and 2000. The Comenius Teacher's College, which became a faculty of the university in 2000, is in Sárospatak. The Béla Bartók Music Institute, which joined the university in 1997, resides in the Palace of Music in the downtown, while the Imre Hajnal Health Institute (founded in 2001) is in Hejőcsaba.

Dormitory E/6

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochville_Township,_Michigan

Kochville Township, Michigan

Kochville Township, Michigan

Kochville Township, MI

Location within Saginaw County

Kochville Township is a general law township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,078 at the 2010 census. It is the home of Saginaw Valley State University.

Kochville Township is a general law township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,078 at the 2010 census. It is the home of Saginaw Valley State University.

Location within Saginaw County

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil_in_a_Woodpile

Devil in a Woodpile

Members

Devil in a Woodpile / Members

Devil in a Woodpile playing on the front porch of the Hideout on June 7, 2018.

Devil in a Woodpile is a band from Chicago, Illinois. Although they routinely give a fresh sound to 80-year-old songs, their repertoire and instrumentation categorizes them as a country blues or jug band.

Current members Rick "Cookin" Sherry - vocals, harmonica, clarinet, washboard, other percussion Beau Sample - upright bass Joel Paterson - guitar, vocals (Joel also plays with The Western Elstons and under his own name with the Joel Paterson Trio) Former members Paul Kaye - steel guitar Tom V. Ray - upright bass Gary Schepers - tuba Mike Grenz - upright bass

Beau Sample, Rick Sherry and Joel Paterson playing on the front porch of the Hideout on June 7, 2018.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fely_Irvine

Fely Irvine

Fely Irvine

English: Hercules Premiere, Event Cinemas Sydney Australia

Fely Irvine is a Filipino-Australian actress, singer and dancer. She was a former member of Hi-5 and became a contestant in The Voice. She left Hi-5 in 2011 after three years with the group. Fely went on the live in the U.S where sings on the Mastros circuit. She was a contestant on American Idol and made top 60. She replaced Sun Park in 2009 and was in turn succeeded by Dayen Zheng in 2012. Fely is of half-Filipino and half-Scottish ancestry.

Fely Irvine (born 9 January 1989) is a Filipino-Australian actress, singer and dancer. She was a former member of Hi-5 and became a contestant in The Voice. She left Hi-5 in 2011 after three years with the group. Fely went on the live in the U.S where sings on the Mastros circuit. She was a contestant on American Idol and made top 60. She replaced Sun Park in 2009 and was in turn succeeded by Dayen Zheng in 2012. Fely is of half-Filipino and half-Scottish ancestry.

Irvine at the premiere of Hercules in 2014

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore_City_railway_station

Bangalore City railway station

Bangalore City railway station

English: A schematic map of Bangalore.

Bangalore City Railway Station, officially Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna, also known as Bengaluru City Railway Station, is the main railway station serving the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the fifth busiest inter-city railway station in South India after Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M G Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Chennai Egmore, Tambaram and Chennai Beach all located in Chennai. It is the busiest railway station in South Western Railway zone of Indian Railways.

Bangalore City Railway Station, officially Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna (Bengaluru Station), also known as Bengaluru City Railway Station (2014-2016), (station code: SBC) is the main railway station serving the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the fifth busiest inter-city railway station in South India after Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M G Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Chennai Egmore, Tambaram and Chennai Beach all located in Chennai. It is the busiest railway station in South Western Railway zone of Indian Railways.

Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna (Bengaluru Station).

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Bangalore_Schematic_Map.png

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupua_Tamasese_Lealofi_III

Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III

Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III

English: Mau leaders and paramount chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III in front of the ocatagonal Mau office in Vaimoso village, near Apia, Samoa, 1929. The distinctive small building includes the sign 'Samoa mo Samoa' (Samoa for Samoa), the motto of the Mau movement, a national non-violent movement for Samoa's political independence in the early 1900s. Gagana Samoa: Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III ma le Mau i luma o le ofisa a le Mau i Vaimoso, Upolu, 1929. I luma o le ofisa e tusi ai upu ia, 'Samoa mo Samoa', upu fa'amalosi o le Mau.

Tupua Tamasese Lealofi-o-ā'ana III was a paramount chief of Samoa, who became the leader of the country's pro-independence Mau movement during the early 1900s until his assassination in 1929. Inspired by his Christian beliefs, traditional customs and culture of Samoa, Lealofi III became one of the first leaders of the 20th century to employ nonviolent resistance against colonial rule which laid the foundations for Samoa's successful campaign and independence in 1962. He was fatally shot by New Zealand police during a peaceful Mau procession in Apia on 28 December 1929, in what became known as Black Saturday. His tomb, constructed of black stones in a tier is situated in Lepea village beside the main road and 5 minutes from Apia. His younger brother, Meaole, succeeded him as holder of Tupua Tamasese title and became Tupua Tamasese Meaole. He was instrumental in the final stages of securing Samoa's independence, chairing the national Constitutional Committee before assuming office in 1962 as co-Head of State of the newly independent State of Western Samoa.

Tupua Tamasese Lealofi-o-ā'ana III (4 May 1901 – 29 December 1929) was a paramount chief of Samoa, who became the leader of the country's pro-independence Mau movement during the early 1900s until his assassination in 1929. Inspired by his Christian beliefs, traditional customs and culture of Samoa, Lealofi III became one of the first leaders of the 20th century to employ nonviolent resistance against colonial rule which laid the foundations for Samoa's successful campaign and independence in 1962. He was fatally shot by New Zealand police during a peaceful Mau procession in Apia on 28 December 1929, in what became known as Black Saturday. His tomb, constructed of black stones in a tier is situated in Lepea village beside the main road and 5 minutes from Apia. His younger brother, Meaole, succeeded him as holder of Tupua Tamasese title and became Tupua Tamasese Meaole. He was instrumental in the final stages of securing Samoa's independence, chairing the national Constitutional Committee before assuming office in 1962 as co-Head of State of the newly independent State of Western Samoa. Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III's eldest son was Tupua Tamasese Lealofi IV (1922–1983), who served two terms as Samoa's prime minister and later, as Deputy Head of State.

Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III in front of the octagonal Mau office in Vaimoso village, near Apia, 1929. (Photograph by Alfred John Tattersall)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Building_and_Post_Office_(Brooklyn)

Federal Building and Post Office (Brooklyn)

Architecture

Federal Building and Post Office (Brooklyn) / Architecture

The Federal Building and Post Office at 271-301 Cadman Plaza East (Washington Street) at the corner of Johnson Street in the Civic Center neighborhood of Broopklyn, New York City was built in two stages. The original building (left), which was the Brooklyn General Post Office, was built in 1885-1891 and was designed by Mifflin E. Bell, succeeded by William A. Freret, in the Romanesque Revival style. The north addition to the post office (right), is now the U.S. Bankruptcy Court and United States Attorney's Offices. It was built in 1930-33 and was designed by James Wetmore. Both were remodeled in 2000 by R. M. Kliment & Frances Halsband. Both buildings are NYC landmarks (1966) and are on the National Register of Historic Places (1974). (Sources: AIA Guide to NYC (5th ed.) and Guide to NYC Landmarks (4th ed.))

The Federal Building and Post Office is a historic main post office, courthouse, and Federal office building in Brooklyn, New York. The original building was the Brooklyn General Post Office, and is now the Downtown Brooklyn Station, and the north addition is the courthouse for the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of New York, and is across the street from and in the jurisdiction of the main courthouse of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, the Theodore Roosevelt Federal Courthouse. It also houses offices for the United States Attorney, In 2009, the United States Congress enacted legislation renaming the building the Conrad B. Duberstein United States Bankruptcy Courthouse, in honor of chief bankruptcy judge Conrad B. Duberstein.

The building is an excellent example of Romanesque Revival architecture and is a prominent component of the Municipal Center complex. The original portion of the building is four stories in height and the 1933 addition is seven stories tall. The exterior has remained largely unchanged over time. The lively design of the building contains many character-defining features of the Romanesque Revival style. The central structure contains strong, simple forms with powerful arches dominating the first story. Elaborate dormers, iron roof cresting, steeply pitched roofs, and a tower give the building a picturesque quality. The exterior of the building is rich in material, texture, form, and ornament. Semi-circular projections called tourelles protrude from the building. Each level is articulated in a slightly different way and distinguished by belt courses that encircle the building. Round arches of polished granite, which feature rosettes and cable moldings, dominate the first story. The arches spring from carved posts with foliated motifs. Rectangular windows surrounded by contrasting trim are on the second floor, while round-arch openings are on the third floor. The fourth story contains steeply pitched dormers with round-arch windows. A slate-covered mansard roof is topped with ornamental ironwork cresting. The square corner tower rises above the roofline of the original building. Arched openings with semi-circular balconies are topped by an ornate cornice surmounted by a steeply pitched pyramidal roof. One of the most significant interior spaces is the atrium. It is located in the center of the 1892 portion of the building and extends from the second to fourth floors. The atrium is enclosed by a three-level loggia. Each level of the loggia is supported by cast-iron columns that are adorned with acanthus and anthemion leaf motifs. The main staircase is in the northeast corner of the original building. A decorative cast-iron balustrade with lantern-style newel posts encases soapstone treads. The stairwell walls are clad in mahogany Tennessee marble wainscot, and the floors are covered with black and white marble tiles laid on the diagonal. The walls of the 1892 courtrooms are also covered with mahogany Tennessee marble wainscot with black soap-stone bands with a marble bead. Large round-arch windows have carved wood mullions and are operated by cast-metal pulls with griffin-head motifs. One of the courtrooms contains a marble and soapstone fireplace, which has a carved leaf pattern and marble mantel. Fireplaces are also in some of the original office spaces. Some interior spaces have been altered over time. During World War II, a skylight and laylight that originally illuminated the postal work floor were covered to comply with black-out laws implemented to protect the country from enemy bombings. In 1980, the monumental lobby of the original building was altered and most features removed. To accommodate the U.S. Bankruptcy Court and U.S. Attorneys, GSA began an extensive renovation project in 1999. A U-shaped green-glass and aluminum curtain wall was added to the 1933 portion of the building in 2003, forming an interior atrium that, along with new skylights, admits natural light. GSA also refurbished interior stone, metal, plaster, and wood finishes; restored historic windows and doors; and added three new courtrooms. On the exterior, the cast-iron roof cresting was repaired and historically appropriate street-lights were installed on the site. The design, which was completed by R.M. Kliment & Frances Halsband Architects, received a 1998 Design Award citation from GSA. Between 2010 and 2013 the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) oversaw the substantial exterior restoration of the Courthouse, to protect the award-winning interior renovation. The lead architect was Goody Clancy of Boston and the prime contractor Nicholson & Galloway. Lend Lease led the construction management team as a full participant from the initial investigation through construction documentation and construction phase services with respect to histo

The central section of the original building

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/U.S._Post_Office_Brooklyn_central_section.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocracoke_Inlet

Ocracoke Inlet

Ocracoke Inlet

English: Portsmouth, North Carolina an abandoned village on North Core Banks: view from the lookout tower of the U.S. Life-Saving Station towards Coast Guard creek and Ocracoke Inlet.

Ocracoke Inlet is an estuary located in the Outer Banks, North Carolina, United States that separates Ocracoke Island and Portsmouth Island. It connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pamlico Sound. It is the southern terminus of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and the northern terminus of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The inlet is approximately two miles across, although it changes daily.

Ocracoke Inlet (/ˈoʊkrʌkoʊk/) is an estuary located in the Outer Banks, North Carolina, United States that separates Ocracoke Island and Portsmouth Island. It connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pamlico Sound. It is the southern terminus of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and the northern terminus of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The inlet is approximately two miles across, although it changes daily.

View from Portsmouth U.S. Life-Saving Station overlooking Coast Guard Creek and Ocracoke Inlet. Shores of Ocracoke Island can be seen in the background.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baobing

Baobing

Baobing

中文（繁體）‎: 草莓冰 日本語: 苺かき氷 English: Ice strawberries

Baobing, also known by its Taiwanese Hokkien name Tsuabing, is a shaved ice dessert found in Greater China and countries with large overseas Chinese populations such as Malaysia. It is especially popular in Taiwan where the dish has a variation called xuehua bing. Shaved ice was eaten in China as early as the seventh century AD during the Tang Dynasty in northern China. In 1972, when President Richard M. Nixon made his first visit to Beijing, shaved ice was served during state dinners with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The dessert consists of a large mound of ice shavings with various toppings on top. A wide variety of toppings exist, but the most common ones include sugar water, condensed milk, adzuki beans, mung beans, and tapioca balls. Fruit are also used according to the season. Mango baobing is typically only available in the summer, while strawberry baobing is available in the winter. Traditionally, these shavings were created by hand using a large mallet to crush ice or a blade to shave ice. Now, most stores use machines, which result in finer, thinner ice shavings.

Baobing (Chinese: 刨冰; pinyin: bàobīng), also known by its Taiwanese Hokkien name Tsuabing (Chinese: 礤冰; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoah-peng), is a shaved ice dessert found in Greater China and countries with large overseas Chinese populations such as Malaysia. It is especially popular in Taiwan where the dish has a variation called xuehua bing (雪花冰). Shaved ice was eaten in China as early as the seventh century AD during the Tang Dynasty in northern China. In 1972, when President Richard M. Nixon made his first visit to Beijing, shaved ice was served during state dinners with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The dessert consists of a large mound of ice shavings with various toppings on top. A wide variety of toppings exist, but the most common ones include sugar water, condensed milk, adzuki beans, mung beans, and tapioca balls. Fruit are also used according to the season. Mango baobing is typically only available in the summer, while strawberry baobing is available in the winter. Traditionally, these shavings were created by hand using a large mallet to crush ice or a blade to shave ice. Now, most stores use machines, which result in finer, thinner ice shavings.

A plate of bàobīng with strawberries and condensed milk

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia

Huia

Feeding and ecology

Huia / Ecology and behaviour / Feeding and ecology

Heteralocha gouldi = Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould, 1837) English: Huia male, skull from lateral (top), caudal (left) and ventral (right) d.f = digastric fossa mx.p. = maxillo-palatines pl. = palatine pt. = pterygoid v. = vomer

Skull of a bird drawn in outline, side view, back view and view from underneath

The huia is an extinct species of New Zealand wattlebird, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. The last confirmed sighting of a huia was in 1907, although there were credible sightings as late as the early 1960s. Its extinction had two primary causes. The first was rampant overhunting to procure huia skins for mounted specimens and their tail feathers for hat decorations. The second major cause was the widespread deforestation of the lowlands of the North Island by European settlers to create pasture for agriculture. Most of these forests were ancient, ecologically complex primary forests, and huia were unable to survive in regenerating secondary forests. It was already a rare bird before the arrival of Europeans, confined to the Ruahine, Tararua, Rimutaka and Kaimanawa mountain ranges in the south-east of the North Island. It was remarkable for having the most pronounced sexual dimorphism in bill shape of any bird species in the world. The female's beak was long, thin and arched downward, while the male's was short and stout, like that of a crow. Males were 45 cm long, while females were larger at 48 cm.

The huia, with the previously endangered saddleback, were the two species of classic bark and wood probers in the arboreal insectivore guild in the New Zealand avifauna. Woodpeckers do not occur east of Wallace's line; their ecological niche is filled by other groups of birds that feed on wood-boring beetle larvae, albeit in rotting wood. The woodpecker-like role was taken on by two species in two different families in the New Zealand mixed-podocarp and Nothofagus forests; one was the huia and the other was the kaka. The huia foraged mainly on decaying wood. Although it was considered a specialist predator of the larvae of the nocturnal huhu beetle (Prionoplus reticularis), it also ate other insects—including wētā—insect larvae, spiders, and fruit. Insects and spiders were taken from decaying wood, from under bark, mosses and lichens, and from the ground. Huia foraged either alone, in pairs, or in small flocks of up to five, which were probably family groups. The sexual dimorphism of the bill structure gave rise to feeding strategies that differed radically between the sexes. The male used its adze-like bill to chisel and rip into the outer layers of decaying wood, while the female probed areas inaccessible to the male, such as the burrows of insect larvae in living wood. The male had well-developed cranial musculature allowing rotten wood to be chiselled and pried apart by "gaping" motions. There are corresponding differences in the structure and musculature of the head and neck between males and females. Huia had very well developed depressor jaw muscles, and an occipital crest that provided extra surface for muscle attachment, allowing the jaw to be opened with considerable force. Once the bird had secured a meal, it flew to a perch with the insect in its feet. The huia stripped its meal of any hard parts, then tossed the remainder up, caught, and swallowed it. Pairs did not cooperate in feeding, at least not in a strict sense. All such reports are based on misunderstanding of an account by ornithologist Walter Buller of a pair kept in captivity obtaining wood-boring beetle larvae. According to this misunderstanding, which has become part of ecological folklore, the male would tear at the wood and open larval tunnels, thus allowing the female to probe deeply into the tunnels with her long, pliant bill. Rather, the divergent bills represent an extreme example of niche differentiation, reducing intraspecific competition between the sexes. This allowed the species to exploit a wide range of food sources in different microhabitats. The New Zealand forest relies heavily on frugivorous birds for seed dispersal: about 70% of the woody plants have fruits that are probably dispersed by birds, which included the huia. The range of fruits eaten by the huia is difficult to establish: hinau (Elaeocarpus dentatus), pigeonwood (Hedycarya arborea) and various species of Coprosma are recorded by Buller, and they were also recorded as eating the fruits of kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides). The extinction of the huia and other frugivorous New Zealand bird species including the moa and piopio, and the diminishing range of many others, including the kiwi, weka, and kōkako, has left few effective seed dispersers in the New Zealand forest. For plants with fruit greater than 1 cm in diameter, kereru are the sole remaining dispersers in the ecosystem, and they are rare or extinct in some areas. This depletion of avifauna in the forest ecosystem may be having major impacts on processes such as forest regeneration and seed dispersal.

The skull had hollows, digastric fossae, accommodating the strong muscles that open the bill

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay_Plane_Food

Gordon Ramsay Plane Food

Reception

Gordon Ramsay Plane Food / Reception

Sea bream on rock samphire and green stuff with a veloute of something. Ramsay's plane food.

Gordon Ramsay Plane Food is a restaurant owned by chef Gordon Ramsay and located within Terminal 5 of Heathrow Airport, London. The restaurant cost £2.5 million to build and is located within the airside area of the airport. It opened in 2008 alongside the rest of Terminal 5, and with several other Ramsay-related openings that year. Ramsay said that he aimed to keep the menu lean without the use of heavy sauces, and menus are also offered for quick dining as well as takeaway cool boxes which contain a three course meal to be eaten on a plane. Critics have been mostly positive, although one initial poor review by Jan Moir was picked up by the mainstream media. The concept of the cool boxes was also praised. It was Ramsay's first airport-based restaurant, and in 2013 he announced that he was planning to take the concept to a number of airports within the United States.

Food critic Jan Moir was the first to review the restaurant after opening, after some five hours on the first day. She didn't think that the quality of the food was enough to attract first and executive class passengers. Moir was also concerned that the pricing was too expensive for those travelling in economy. She said that the required use of electric stoves instead of gas resulted in her steak resembling a "parched leather shoe rotting in the rain". Jasper Gerard, in his review for The Daily Telegraph said that he enjoyed the caviar and the sea bass dishes, but didn't like the vegetable accompaniments. He criticised negative reviews of the restaurant, saying "Are they comparing like with like? Heathrow will never be Royal Hospital Ro[ad], Ramsay's Chelsea nosh house, but it's hardly a kitchen nightmare". Tam Cowan also reviewed it shortly after opening for the Daily Record. He gave it a score of 20 out of 25, finding it difficult to believe that food of such good quality was being served inside an airport. He called a macaroni gratin with mushrooms and Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese "fantastic" and said that an apple crumble was "awesome". Mark Bollard, in his review of the restaurant for the Evening Standard in 2009, was not expecting much from the restaurant. However, he called his Caesar salad starter a "revelation" and said that the chocolate brownie was "dense, dark and rich". Although he was disappointed with the polenta chips, he said overall that the food was "utterly sublime" and he suggested that Ramsay should expand the concept to railway stations across London. In 2012, John Walsh wrote about Jamie Oliver's restaurant at Gatwick Airport, saying that Ramsay's Plane Food had "pioneered the concept of non-revolting airport food". Chris Haslam reviewed a number of in-flight meal options on various airlines as well as Plane Food in an article for the Sunday Times. He gave it a score of 7 out of 10, saying about the takeaway cool boxes that "as long as it lasts, it's like being in business class".

A sea bream dish served at Plane Food

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagalkot_district

Bagalkot district

Geography

Bagalkot district / Geography

Bagalkot district, is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The district headquarters is located in the town of Bagalkot. The district is located in northern Karnataka and borders Belgaum, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur and Bijapur. The new Bagalkot district was carved out of Bijapur in 1997 via Government of Karnataka directive Notification RD 42 LRD 87 Part III. The bifurcated Bagalkot district consists of nine taluks — Badami, Bagalkot, Bilagi, Guledgudda, Rabkavi Banhatti, Hunagund, Ilkal, Jamakhandi and Mudhol. Historically, Badami, which is part of Bagalkot was the capital of the Chalukyan Empire of South India under Pulakeshin I, who conquered the district in 550 CE. Bagalkot's Badami taluk remained the seat of the throne of the Chalukyas from 550 CE to 753, when Chalukya king Kirtivarman II was overthrown by the Rashtrakutas. Remnants of Chalukyan art and architecture are important tourist attractions in Bagalkot. Pattadakallu has many UNESCO World Heritage temples built by Vikramaditya II, while Aihole, which lies on the banks of the Malaprabha River, is an important temple town with over 140 temples belonging to both the early and later Chalukya times.

The district of Bagalkot is situated entirely on the North Karnataka Plateau, which is part of the larger Deccan Plateau. Located in north-central Karnataka, Bagalkot is surrounded by Belgaum District to the west, Bijapur District and Gulbarga District to the north and north-east, Raichur District to the east and Koppal District, Gadag District and Dharwad District to the south-east, south and south-west respectively. It is positioned at 16°12′N 75°45′E and covers an area of 6593 km². Bagalkot district has nine taluks — Bagalkot, Badami, Hunagunda, Mudhol, Jamkhandi, Bilgi, RabakaviBanahatti,Guledgudda]. The average elevation in this area reaches approximately 610 m. The climate is warm and dry throughout the year and rainfall is scarce. Bagalkot district receives the lowest rainfall annually in Karnataka. The average rainfall in the region is approximately 318 mm annually. The months of September and December account for about 52% of the total annual rainfall. Bagalkot is devoid of large canopy tree vegetation; the region is semi-arid. The Krishna River, Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River flow through the region but are non perennial. Soil in the area can be categorised as either the majority black or minority red. Black soil retains moisture and is often used for the cultivation of cotton. Rabi and jowar are primarily cultivated in Bagalkot, as are groundnut, cotton, maize, bajra, wheat, sugarcane and tobacco. The district is also rich in mineral wealth. The village of Kaladgi, located 24 km from the town of Bagalkot, harbours copper. Iron ore also exists in the southern part of the district. Like much of Karnataka, the gneiss is the most common rock family. Common rock types in the region include greenstone, quartzite, sandstone and limestone. The dry climate makes the region susceptible to drought and crop failure. Bagalkot has not been affected by major seismic activity due to it being located in the stable Zone II.

Bagalkot district (shaded) is situated towards north in the Indian state of Karnataka.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/KarnatakaBagalkot.png

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington_Cenotaph

Wellington Cenotaph

Wellington Cenotaph

Photographer: William Hall Raine Crowd at the dedication ceremony of the Cenotaph, Wellington, 1932 Reference number: 1/1-018024-G Original negative Photographic Archive, Alexander Turnbull Library <a href="http://timeframes.natlib.govt.nz/logicrouter/servlet/LogicRouter?PAGE=object&OUTPUTXSL=object.xslt&pm_RC=REPO02DB&pm_OI=12136&pm_GT=Y&pm_IAC=Y&api_1=GET_OBJECT_XML&num_result=0&&Object_Layout=viewimage_object">See a zoomable image on our Timeframes website </a>

The Wellington Cenotaph, also known as the Wellington Citizens' War Memorial, is a war memorial in Wellington, New Zealand. Commemorating the New Zealand dead of World War I, and World War II. it was unveiled on Anzac Day 1931 and is located on the intersection of Lambton Quay and Bowen Street, by the New Zealand Parliament Buildings. It features two wings decorated with relief sculptures and is topped with a bronze figure on horseback. Two bronze lions and a series of bronze friezes were later added in commemoration of World War II. On 18 March 1982, it was registered as a Category I historic place with registration number 215. It is a focus of Anzac Day commemorations in the city. On 2 September, 2013 new plans for the cenotaph were presented including a new staircase and water feature up to the Parliament Buildings. The works also includes repairs to the cenotaph surface materials and creation of a square to create a ceremonial space. In 2015 the Wellington Anzac Day citizen's wreath-laying ceremony was held at the upgraded National War Memorial.

The Wellington Cenotaph, also known as the Wellington Citizens' War Memorial, is a war memorial in Wellington, New Zealand. Commemorating the New Zealand dead of World War I, and World War II. it was unveiled on Anzac Day (25 April) 1931 and is located on the intersection of Lambton Quay and Bowen Street, by the New Zealand Parliament Buildings. It features two wings decorated with relief sculptures and is topped with a bronze figure on horseback. Two bronze lions and a series of bronze friezes were later added in commemoration of World War II. On 18 March 1982, it was registered as a Category I historic place with registration number 215. It is a focus of Anzac Day commemorations in the city. On 2 September, 2013 new plans for the cenotaph were presented including a new staircase and water feature up to the Parliament Buildings. The works also includes repairs to the cenotaph surface materials and creation of a square to create a ceremonial space. In 2015 the Wellington Anzac Day citizen's wreath-laying ceremony was held at the upgraded National War Memorial.

Crowd surrounding the Cenotaph, Wellington, at the dedication ceremony in 1932.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhola_Monastery

Gandhola Monastery

History

Gandhola Monastery / History

English: Gondla Fort -- 7-storey, alternating layers of stone and timber, built by Raja Man Singh ca. 1700. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhola_Monastery

Gandhola Monastery is about 18 kilometres before Keylong in Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh, India on the road from Manali, Himachal Pradesh. It is located on a hill above Tupchiling Village at the sacred junction of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers, which together form the Chandrabhaga or Chenab River. The village is at 3,160 m and is famous for its 7-storey tower fort.

The monastery is said to have been founded by Padmasambhava in the 8th century. It is now connected with the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, but its history long precedes the formation of that sect. According to local tradition and also the terma, the Padma bka'i thang, discovered in 1326 in the Yarlung Valley by Urgyan Lingpa, the site was associated with Padmasambhava. But the site was a Buddhist establishment even earlier than that: A chased copper goblet dated to the first century BCE was found here in 1857 by a Major Hay and is considered to be evidence of Buddhist monks' cells being located in a cave monastery at that time. The frieze on the vase denotes a chariot procession and is considered one of the oldest examples of metalwork to be decorated in this way in India. Known as the Kulu Vase, it is now kept in the British Museum. A damaged marble head of Avalokiteśvara also found here, is kept in the Guru Ghantal Monastery itself, and is claimed to date back to the time of Nagarjuna in the second century. This seems to be the only monastery in the region other than Sani Monastery in Zanskar which has a history which is claimed to go back to the era of the Kushan Empire. There is also a black stone image of the goddess Vajreśvarī Devī (Wylie: rdo rje lha mo), and a wooden statue of the Buddha said to have been installed by the monk Rinchen Zangpo (958-1055), a famous lotsawa (translator of Sanskrit Buddhist texts). The monastery was originally probably a larger complex of purely Indian style of which nothing now remains. The present structure is two-storied, 17.3 x 11.6 metres facing the northwest. The Assembly Hall or Wylie: 'du khang is on the ground floor. In 1959 the monastery underwent extensive repairs and a small pagoda roof of Kangra slates was added in a rather haphazard manner, which is surrounded by the mud roof which covers the monks' cells and kitchen on the second floor. The monastery has distinctive wooden (as opposed to clay) idols of Padmasambhava, Brijeshwari Devi and several other lamas. About 800 years have elapsed [by 1885 when the account was recorded] since Rānā Nīl Chand came from Kolong in the district of Bangāl to settle in Lāhul. At the same time Ṭhākur Ratan Pāl of the Pāl family, a resident of Gond in Bangāl, came to Lāhul and settled in Tīnan, and named Tīnan Gondala after his first place of residence; and of his family at the present time Ṭhākur Hīrā Chand is alive and the holder of the jāgīr of Gondala." Gandhola, like all the Drukpa monasteries in Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti, owes allegiance to the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa, abbot of Hemis Monastery in Ladakh, who, in turn, owes allegiance to the head of the order in Bhutan. Gandhola is also famous for its seven story fort with alternating layers of stone and timber, which was once the seat of the local ṭhākur or chieftain, but is no longer occupied. It is a 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) walk from the village of Tupchilling, in which the monastery is set. it was built by Raja Man Singh, the ruler of the Kulu Kingdom in the early 1700s as a castle for the local ṭhākur. Still preserved in the dilapidated tower is a prized heirloom of the thakur family: the 'sword of wisdom'. Made of thin wires hammered together in the style developed in Toledo in Spain, when it was under the Moors, the sword was given to one of their forefathers by the then Dalai Lama; in Tibetan Buddhism, it represents the battle against religious ignorance, and the divine Manjushri is normally portrayed wielding one. The sword is not on display but is shown if requested.

Gondla Fort, July 2016

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church_(Owego,_New_York)

St. Paul's Church (Owego, New York)

St. Paul's Church (Owego, New York)

St. Paul's Church (Owego, New York)021609 058

St. Paul's Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Owego in Tioga County, New York. It is a High Victorian Gothic style structure built of rough cut bluestone trimmed with orange brick and terra cotta. The church is composed of a small entry vestibule, the gabled main block housing the nave and chancel, a shallow transept lying opposite a semicircular Lady Chapel, a tower, and an arcaded porch and a sacristy. It was designed by architect William Halsey Wood and was built in 1893–1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

St. Paul's Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Owego in Tioga County, New York. It is a High Victorian Gothic style structure built of rough cut bluestone trimmed with orange brick and terra cotta. The church is composed of a small entry vestibule, the gabled main block housing the nave and chancel, a shallow transept lying opposite a semicircular Lady Chapel, a tower, and an arcaded porch and a sacristy. It was designed by architect William Halsey Wood (1855–1897) and was built in 1893–1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

St. Paul's Church, February 2009

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Tay

River Tay

Transport

River Tay / Transport

Photograph of the first Tay Bridge after the collapse of a large section.

Sepia photograph of the Tay Bridge after the accident. Shot from the South it shows the middle section of the bridge to be missing.

The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland and the seventh-longest in the United Kingdom. The Tay originates in western Scotland on the slopes of Ben Lui, then flows easterly across the Highlands, through Loch Dochart, Loch Iubhair and Loch Tay, then continues east through Strathtay, in the centre of Scotland, then southeasterly through Perth, where it becomes tidal, to its mouth at the Firth of Tay, south of Dundee. It is the largest river in the UK by measured discharge. Its catchment is approximately 2,000 square miles, the Tweed's is 1,500 square miles and the Spey's is 1,097 square miles.

In the 19th century the Tay Rail Bridge was built across the firth at Dundee as part of the East Coast Main Line, which linked Aberdeen in the north with Edinburgh and London to the south. The bridge, designed by Sir Thomas Bouch, officially opened in May 1878. On 28 December 1879 the bridge collapsed as a train passed over. The entire train fell into the firth, with the loss of 75 passengers and train crew. The event was commemorated in a poem, The Tay Bridge Disaster (1880), written by William McGonagall, a notoriously unskilled Scottish poet. The critical response to his article was enhanced as he had previously written two poems celebrating the strength and certain immortality of the Tay Bridge. A second much more well received poem was published in the same year by the German writer Theodor Fontane. A. J. Cronin's first novel, Hatter's Castle (1931), includes a scene involving the Tay Bridge Disaster, and the 1942 filmed version of the book recreates the bridge's catastrophic collapse. The rail bridge was rebuilt, with the replacement bridge opening on 11 June 1887. A passenger and vehicle ferry service operated across the River Tay between Craig Pier, Dundee and Newport-on-Tay in Fife. In Dundee, the ferries were known as "the Fifies". The service was discontinued on the opening of the Tay Road Bridge on 18 August 1966. The last vessels to operate the service were PS B. L. Nairn and two more modern ferries equipped with Voith Schneider Propellers, MVs Abercraig and Scotscraig.

Tay Bridge from the South after the accident

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosed_helmet

Enclosed helmet

Enclosed helmet

   This media shows the cultural heritage monument with the number 16829 in South Tyrol.English: Anonymous (13th century), Fresco, depicting a scene from "Iwein" by Hartmann von Aue in Rodenegg Castle, South Tyrol, Italy

The enclosed helmet, also termed a primitive great helm or early great helm, was a type of Western European helmet of the late 12th and early 13th century. It was the forerunner of the great helm.

The enclosed helmet, also termed a primitive great helm or early great helm, was a type of Western European helmet of the late 12th and early 13th century. It was the forerunner of the great helm.

Man in armour wearing a very well depicted enclosed helmet. 13th-century fresco showing a scene from "Iwein" by Hartmann von Aue in Rodenegg Castle, South Tyrol, Italy

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grizell_Steevens

Grizell Steevens

Life

Grizell Steevens / Life

English: Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin

Large yellow three-storey building with tall narrow windows

Griselda Steevens philanthropist and benefactor of Dr Steevens' Hospital in Dublin. For a time it was commonly known as "Madame Steevens' Hospital".

Steevens was born in 1653 in Wiltshire, in England. She was the twin sister of Dr Richard Steevens (1653–1710), a Dublin physician. They were the children of John, a Royalist cleric, and his wife Constance. The family moved to Athlone, Co Westmeath when John was made a rector there in 1664. Richard Steevens died in 1710, leaving a considerable fortune which produced an income of £606 (about £80,000 as of 2020) per year to Griselda. Richard directed that upon his sister's death the funds should be used in building, and subsequently maintaining, a hospital in Dublin 'for maintaining and curing from time to time such sick and wounded persons whose distempers and wounds are curable'. Griselda Steevens decided that she would begin work on the hospital in 1717. Reserving only £120 per year for her own use, she surrendered the remainder to trustees to build the new hospital. By 1723 a sufficient portion of the new Dr Steevens' Hospital was completed to accommodate 40 patients, in addition to Griselda's apartments. The remainder of the hospital, with space for 200 patients, opened in 1733. The new hospital was known as "Madame Steeven's Hospital". It was the first public hospital established in Dublin, where it became one of the foremost institutions of its kind. Jonathan Swift was one of its earliest governors, and Stella (Esther Johnson) in her will bequeathed £1000 towards the maintenance of a chaplain . Grizell Steevens died in Dublin on 18 March 1747. By her will she bequeathed the residue of her property to the governors of the hospital. She was buried in the hospital chapel. The archives of the hospital are in the Library of Trinity College Dublin.

The Dr Steevens' Hospital building is still in Dublin

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galya_Novents

Galya Novents

Biography

Galya Novents / Biography

Հայերեն: Գալյա Նովենցի հուշաքարը Կապանում

Galya Novents was a Soviet and Armenian stage and film actress, one of the most prominent Armenian actresses of the 20th century.

Galya Novents was born on 1 July 1937 in Yerevan. In 1958, she graduated from Yerevan Institute of Fine Arts and Theatre. The 42nd Venice International Film Festival gave her a special mention for Best Actress, which was not awarded. She died on July 22, 2012 in Los Angeles at the age of seventy-five.

Plaque to Galya Novents in Kapan

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois

District 19

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois / District 19

John Shimkus, U.S. Congressman (R-Illinois, 1997-present).

The 2006 congressional elections in Illinois were held November 7, 2006 to determine who would represent the state of Illinois in the United States House of Representatives. Illinois had nineteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected would serve in the 110th Congress from January 3, 2007 to January 3, 2009.

This district, the most conservative in Illinois, was composed mainly of southern Illinois, but also included Springfield and a small sliver in western Illinois. Incumbent Republican Congressman John Shimkus, seeking a sixth term, faced off against Democratic opponent Danny Stover. Shimkus played a prominent role in the Mark Foley scandal; he knew of embattled Congressman Foley's controversial activities as the Chairman of the House Page Board and did not take action against Foley. Despite this, Shimkus ultimately swamped Stover on election day, winning over sixty percent of the vote and another term in Congress. In the Democratic primary, Danny Stover won over coal miner Vic Roberts: Stover 20,555 61.56% Roberts 12,835 38.44% In the Republican primary, incumbent John Shimkus only faced token opposition from a write-in candidate. Danny Stover had the endorsement of the St. Louis Dispatch and John Shimkus had the endorsement of the Chicago Tribune. A poll taken in June had it 53% to 36% in Shimkus favor. Then Mark Foley said he would resign because of a sex scandal. Shimkus being head of the page that Foley went on was in big trouble of losing his seat. A poll taken after the scandal had it 46% to 43% in Shimkus favor. But on Election Day he won by a landslide 39% to 60%. Winning all but one of the 24 counties he represented.

John Shimkus

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkild_Rieber

Torkild Rieber

Early years

Torkild Rieber / Early years

Torkild Rieber was a Norwegian immigrant to the United States who became chairman of the Texas Company. Born in a small town in Norway, Rieber became a seaman at the age of 15. By 1904, he was the master of an oil tanker, which was bought the next year by the newly founded Texas Company, or Texaco. He rose steadily through the ranks to become chairman in 1935. The next year he arranged for Texaco to buy the Barco oil concession in Colombia. Over the next three years he oversaw the major engineering feat of opening the remote oilfield and building a pipeline through rugged and jungle-covered terrain to the Caribbean coast. Rieber was sympathetic to the fascist regimes in Europe in the 1930s and illegally supplied oil on credit to Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War. He also purchased tankers from Germany in exchange for oil. The last tanker was delivered from Hamburg after the outbreak of World War II. For a while, Texaco continued to ship oil to Germany via South America. When Rieber's ties to the Nazis were revealed in August 1940, there was a scandal and he was forced to resign. Rieber continued in the oil industry.

Rieber was born in Voss, Norway, on March 13, 1882, son of the owner of a dye works in a small town about 60 miles (97 km) from Bergen. His family was Lutheran, and he was brought up in an environment where alcohol, dancing and gambling were strictly forbidden. At the age of 15 Rieber left home and joined the full-rigged sailing ship Hiawatha on a six-month voyage around Cape Horn to San Francisco. On return to Norway he attended a school for sailors, and then found work for two years as quartermaster on a barkentine ferrying indentured Indian laborers from Calcutta to British sugar plantations in the West Indies. In 1901, aged 18, he was in command of a French sailing tanker when he was injured in a shipboard fight while docked in Delaware Bay. He was hospitalized and lost his command. After recovering, Rieber found a position as mate on a Texan oil tanker, the first to leave Texaco's Spindletop facility in Texas. In 1904 he became master of the vessel. Rieber's tanker was bought by the three-year-old Texaco in 1905. After three more years at sea, he was given the job of building a terminal for Texaco at Bayonne, New Jersey. The terminal came into operation before it was complete, and the wooden buildings twice burned down. Rieber arranged for them to be quickly rebuilt. Rieber was then assigned to the company's head office. Rieber married Miriam Marbe in 1909. They had two children, a girl and a boy. Miriam died in 1938. During World War I (1914–1918) he was superintendent of terminals and assistant superintendent of the oil refinery at Port Arthur, Texas. The first boss of Texaco, Joseph Stephen Cullinan, fell out with Texaco's directors in 1913 and left to form another oil company, American Republics Corporation. After World War I ended, Rieber left Texaco and became a vice-president at Cullinan's new company. The company struggled to get organized, and in 1927 Rieber accepted an offer to return to Texaco as vice president in charge of exports and marine transportation. He acquired a fleet of new tankers and opened up markets around the world for Texaco. In 1929 and 1930 he tried unsuccessfully to reach an agreement with Heath Eves of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (later to become British Petroleum) for the two companies to cooperate in Europe or other markets where BP did not have a partner. In 1935 he was appointed chairman of Texaco, with William Starling Sullivant Rodgers as president. Rieber featured on the cover of Time magazine on 4 May 1936.

Bayonne oil storage facilities in 1970

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greenland

Catholic Church in Greenland

Reformation era

Catholic Church in Greenland / History / Reformation era

English: Hvalsey ChurchČeština: Kostel v zaniklé osadě Qaqortukulooq (Hvalsey)

The Catholic Church in Greenland is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. There are very few Catholics in this overwhelmingly Protestant territory. There are 50 registered Catholics and only approximately 4 native Greenlander Catholics out of a population of 57,000. They are part of the only Catholic parish in Greenland, in Nuuk, the island's capital. The whole island is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Copenhagen, Denmark. Catholicism was introduced to Greenland in the 11th century with the help of the King of Norway, establishing the first churches in the western hemisphere, and after much effort the people of Greenland received a bishop. The church thrived with the Norse colony which saw its peak in the 14th century, and had an active relationship with Scandinavia and the European continent; the church also participated in the European exploration of the Americas.

The Norse colony in Greenland faded out during the 15th century and the church with it. In 1519, Pope Leo X named Vincent Peterson Kampe bishop of Gardar. In a letter sent in that year on June 20, Kampe was named the bishop "in titulum", and the letter also stated that the diocese itself was vacant because of "the unfaithful". Also on the same date, the Pope stated that Gardar had been deprived of a bishop for 30 years. It is therefore thought by some experts that the bishop was treated as the head of the diocese until 1530, and after that as just a title. When he died in 1530, no further bishops were appointed to the Greenland diocese. For many years, it was thought that the diocese of Gardar was not really occupied by a Catholic bishop, but was a title given to a bishop who may not actually have been in Greenland. After the last Norse colony in North America faded out, the Catholic Archbishop of Trondheim, Eric Walkendorf, attempted to send assistance, but to no avail.

The last written records of the Norse Greenlanders are from a 1408 marriage in Hvalsey Church – today the best-preserved of the Norse ruins.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_(river)

Ural (river)

Hydrography

Ural (river) / Hydrography

English: Ural River Delta, Kazakhstan - a typical "digitate delta" Русский: Дельта реки Урал, Казахстан.

The Ural, known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in Eurasia. It originates in the southern Ural Mountains and discharges into the Caspian Sea. At 2,428 kilometres, it is the third-longest river in Europe after the Volga and the Danube, and the 18th-longest river in Asia. The Ural is conventionally considered part of the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. The Ural arises near Mount Kruglaya in the Ural Mountains, flows south parallel and west of the north-flowing Tobol, through Magnitogorsk, and around the southern end of the Urals, through Orsk where it turns west for about 300 kilometres, to Orenburg, where the river Sakmara joins. From Orenburg it continues west, passing into Kazakhstan, then turning south again at Oral, and meandering through a broad flat plain until it reaches the Caspian a few miles below Atyrau, where it forms a fine digitate delta.

The river is mostly fed by melting snow (60–70%); the contribution of precipitation is relatively minor. Most of its annual discharge (65%) occurs during the spring floods, which occur in March and April near the mouth and in late April through June upstream; 30% drain during the summer and autumn and 5% in winter. During the floods, the river widens to above 10 kilometres (6 mi) near Uralsk and to several tens of kilometers near the mouth. Water level is highest in later April upstream and in May downstream. Its fluctuation is 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 ft) in the upper stream, 9 to 10 metres (30 to 33 ft) in the middle of the river and about 3 metres (10 ft) in the delta. The average water discharge is 104 cubic metres per second (3,700 cu ft/s) near Orenburg, and 400 cubic metres per second (14,000 cu ft/s) at the Kushum village, which is 76.5 kilometres (47.5 mi) from the mouth. The maximum discharge is 14,000 cubic metres per second (490,000 cu ft/s) and the minimum is 1.62 cubic metres per second (57 cu ft/s). Average turbidity is 280 grams per cubic metre (0.47 lb/cu yd) at Orenburg and 290 grams per cubic metre (0.49 lb/cu yd) near Kushum. The river freezes at the source in early November and in the middle and lower reaches in late November. It opens in the lower reaches in late March and in early April in the upper reaches. The ice drift is relatively short. The average depth is 1 to 1.5 metres (3 to 5 ft) near the source, and it increases in the middle reaches and especially near the mouth. The density of underwater vegetation also increases from the source to the mouth, so as the richness of the fauna. The bottom in the upper stream is rocky, with pebble and sand; it changes to silt-sand and occasionally clay downstream. The basin is asymmetrical – its left side from the river is 2.1 times larger in area than the right side; however, the right side is more important for feeding the river. The density of the tributaries is 0.29 km/km² in the right and 0.19 km/km² in the left side of the basin. The right-side tributaries are typical mountain rivers whereas the left-side tributaries have flatland character. About 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the mouth there is a dangerous spot for shipping called Kruglovskaya prorva (Russian: Кругловская прорва meaning Kruglovsk abyss). Here the river narrows and creates a strong vortex over a deep pit. The climate is continental with frequent and strong winds. Typical annual precipitation is 530 millimetres (21 in).

The "bird's-foot" ("digitate") delta of the Ural in the Caspian Sea[2]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Hercules

Bristol Hercules

Applications

Bristol Hercules / Applications

English: Royal Air Force Vickers Varsity T1 serial number WF369 on display at the Newark Air Museum, England

The Bristol Hercules was a 14-cylinder two-row radial aircraft engine designed by Sir Roy Fedden and produced by the Bristol Engine Company starting in 1939. It was the most numerous of their single sleeve valve designs, powering many aircraft in the mid-World War II timeframe.

Note: Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle Avro Lancaster B.II Avro York C.II Bristol Beaufighter Bristol Freighter Bristol Superfreighter Breguet 890 Mercure CASA C-207 Azor Fokker T.IX Folland Fo.108 Handley Page Halifax Handley Page Hastings Handley Page Hermes Nord Noratlas Northrop 8A (One Swedish 8A-1 was bought by Bristol to test the engine) Northrop Gamma 2L Saro Lerwick Short S.26 Short Seaford Short Solent Short Stirling Vickers Valetta Vickers Varsity Vickers VC.1 Viking Vickers Wellesley Vickers Wellington

Hercules fitted to a Vickers Varsity on display at the Newark Air Museum

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Varsity-WF369-01.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-M-F_Company

E-M-F Company

Origins

E-M-F Company / Origins

English: 8x10 black and white, sepia-toned photograph of the E.M.F. Company factory exterior with supply yard

The E-M-F Company was an early American automobile manufacturer that produced automobiles from 1909 to 1912. The name E-M-F was gleaned from the initials of the three company founders: Barney Everitt, William Metzger, and Walter Flanders.

8x10 black and white, sepia-toned photograph of the E.M.F. Company factory exterior with supply yard

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps

NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps

Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps

NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps / History / Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps

English: Authorized emblem for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, a federal agency now represented by NOAA's Office of Coast Survey and NOAA's National Geodetic Survey. http://www.wikipedia.org Coast Survey

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, known informally as the NOAA Corps, is one of eight federal uniformed services of the United States, and operates under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a scientific agency overseen by the Department of Commerce. The NOAA Corps is made up of scientifically and technically trained officers. It is one of only two U.S. uniformed services – the other being the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps – that consists only of commissioned officers, with no enlisted or warrant officer ranks. The NOAA Corps primary mission is to monitor oceanic conditions, support major waterways, and monitor atmospheric conditions. The NOAA Corps traces its origins to the establishment of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps on May 22, 1917, which the service recognizes as its official birthday. The Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps became the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps in 1965, which in turn became the NOAA Corps in 1970.

To avoid the dangers that Coast Survey personnel had faced during the Civil War of being executed as spies if captured by the enemy, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps was established on 22 May 1917, giving Coast and Geodetic Survey officers a commissioned status so that under the laws of war, they could not be executed as spies if they were captured while serving as surveyors on a battlefield during World War I. The creation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps also ensured that in wartime a set of officers with technical skills in surveying could be assimilated rapidly into the United States armed forces so that their skills could be employed in military and naval work essential to the war effort. Before World War I ended in November 1918, over half of all Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps officers had served in the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, or United States Marine Corps, performing duty as artillery orienteering officers, as minelaying officers in the North Sea (where they were involved in the laying of the North Sea Mine Barrage), as navigators aboard troop transports, as intelligence officers, and as officers on the staff of American Expeditionary Force commanding officer General John "Black Jack" Pershing. The Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps returned to peacetime scientific pursuits after the war. Its first flag officer was Rear Admiral Raymond S. Patton, who was promoted from captain to rear admiral in 1936. When the United States entered World War II in December 1941, the Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps again suspended its peacetime activities to support the war effort, often seeing front-line service. Over half of all Coast and Geodetic Survey officers were transferred to the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, or United States Army Air Forces, seeing duty in North Africa, Europe, the Pacific, and the defense of North America as artillery surveyors, hydrographers, amphibious engineers, beachmasters (i.e., directors of disembarkation), instructors at service schools, and in a wide variety of technical positions. They also served as reconnaissance surveyors for a worldwide aeronautical charting effort, and a Coast and Geodetic Survey officer was the first commanding officer of the Army Air Forces Aeronautical Chart Plant at St. Louis, Missouri. Three officers who remained in Coast and Geodetic Survey service were killed during the war, as were eleven other Survey personnel. After the war ended in August 1945, the Coast and Geodetic Survey again returned to peacetime scientific duties, although a significant amount of its work in succeeding years was related to support of military and naval requirements during the Cold War.

The seal of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, in which the NOAA Corps originated as the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps in 1917.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Watford

Jerry Watford

Jerry Watford

English: American football player Jerry Watford on a 1954 Bowman card.

Jerry Ray Watford was an American football player who played two seasons with the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals in the eighth round of the 1953 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Alabama and attended Gadsden High School in Gadsden, Alabama.

Jerry Ray Watford (December 19, 1930 – March 10, 1993) was an American football player who played two seasons with the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals in the eighth round of the 1953 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Alabama and attended Gadsden High School in Gadsden, Alabama.

Watford on a 1954 Bowman football card

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatushyam

Khatushyam

Observances and festivals

Khatushyam / Observances and festivals

Khatushyamji Rath idol during Pad Yatra 2008 from Kota to Khatushyamji

In Hinduism, Khatushyamji is the name and manifestation of Barbareek. Also called Shyam Baba, he is a very popular supernatural power. The original Sanskrit name Barbarīka is often replaced in Rajasthan by the Hindi version, Barbarīk, also spelled as Barbareek. In the Skanda Purana, Barbareeka, Baliyadev was the son of Ghatotkacha and Maurvi, daughter of Daitya Moor, a Yadava king, though other references state he is a warrior from the south. Barbareeka was originally a yaksha, reborn as a man. He was bound by his principle of always fighting on the losing side, which led him to stand witness to the battle of Mahabharata without taking part in it. In Nepali culture, Kirata King Yalamber of Nepal, is portrayed as Barbareeka while Native of Kathmandu Valley portray him as Akash Bhairav. In Rajasthan, he is worshipped as Khatushyamji, and in Gujarat, he is worshipped as Baliyadev is believed to have been sacrificed before the Mahabharata war to ensure the victory of his grandfathers, the Pandavas. In return for his sacrifice, he was deified by a boon given by Krishna. He is much worshipped in Rajasthan.

Barbarika is worshiped as Shyam, he is not the supreme personality of godhead Sri krishna. Or any of krishna's incarnation but maybe considered as the great devotee of Krishna. And since the glories of krishna's devotee is more than krishna himself people worships khatushyam also. Therefore, the flavour of the festivities reflects the playful and vibrant nature of Krishna. The festivals of Krishna Janmaashtami, Jhool Jhulani Ekadashi, Holi and Vasant Panchami are celebrated with gusto in the temple. The Phalguna Mela detailed below is the principal annual festival. Lacs of devotees visit the temple every day. Newly married couples come to pay homage and newborn babies are brought to the temple for their mundan (the first hair-shaving) ceremony. An elaborate aarti is performed at the temple five times a day. These are: Mangala Aarti: performed in the early morning, when temple is open. Shringaar Aarti: performed at the time of make-up of Baba Shyam. The idol is grandly ornamented for this aarti. Bhog Aarti: performed at noon when bhog (Prasadam) is served to the Lord. Sandhya Aarti: performed in the evening, at sunset. Two special hymns, the "Shri Shyam Aarti" and the "Shri Shyam Vinati," are chanted on all these occasions. The Shyam mantra is another litany of the Lord's names that is chanted by devotees. Other particular observances include: Shukla Ekadashi and Dwadashi: The 11th and 12th days of the bright half of every month in the Hindu calendar is of special significance to the temple. This is because Barbarika was born on the 11th day of the bright half of the month of Kartika, and he donated his head (Sheesh) to Krishna on the 12th day of the bright half of the month of phalgun on Tuesday. Darshan on these two days is therefore considered auspicious and devotees come in their thousands every month. The temple remains open throughout the night that falls between these days. Night-long Bhajan sessions are organised since devotees traditionally pass the night in singing the praises of the Lord. Devotees organise Bhajan programmes and invite Bhajan singers to sing devotional songs. Bathing in the Shyam Kund: This is the holy pond near the temple from which the idol was retrieved. It is believed that a dip in this pond cures a person from ailments and brings good health. Filled with devotional fervor, people take ritual dips in the Shyam Kund. They believe that this will relieve them of diseases and contagion. Bathing during the annual Phalguna Mela festival is deemed specially salutary. Nishan Yatra: It is believed that your wishes are granted if you offer a Nishan at the temple. A Nishan is a triangular flag of a particular size, made of cloth, which is hoisted on a bamboo stick. It is carried in one's hands while covering the route from the town of Ringas to Khatu (17 km) on (bare) foot. Nishans are offered in millions during the Phalguna Mela. Phalguna Mela: The most important festival associated with the temple is the Phalguna Mela which occurs just 8–9 days before from the festival of Holi. Barbarika's head appeared on Phalguna Shuddha Ekadashi, the 11th day of the bright half of the Hindu month of Phalguna. Therefore, the fair is held from the 9th to the 12th of that month. The fair has now been extended to nearly 12–15 days of the bright half of the Phalguna Month. On this holy occasion pilgrims all over the country come here on foot with nishaans (holy mark - flags) in their hands. People enjoy their holy journey by singing shyam bhajans and playing various musical instruments. They enjoy the journey by playing holi with gulal. Many Shyam Bhaktas supply food to pedestrians in the shade of tents. They encourage also to complete their journey with full enthusiasm. They enjoy this occasion as the marriage of Khatushyamji. People enjoy the mela by purchasing various things. On Dwadashi (= 12th day of month), Bhog is being prepared as Baba's –Prasadi of Kheer, Churama–––––. Special arrangements for security are made to control the crowd. Around 500,000 people visit in three days of this holy mela in this small vill

Khatushyamji Rath idol during Pad Yatra from Kota to Khatushyamji in 2008

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Khatushyamji_Rath1.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Founders_and_Patriots_of_America

Order of the Founders and Patriots of America

History

Order of the Founders and Patriots of America / History

English: invitation to the 1904 OFPA assembly

The Order of the Founders and Patriots of America is a non-profit, hereditary organization based in the United States that is dedicated to promoting patriotism and preserving historical records of the first colonists and their descendants. The Order is made up of "Associates" who trace their ancestry back to those first colonists and who have forefathers in the same male ancestral line who served in the American Revolution. Today, as in the past, it is composed of a wide range of individuals, all linked by a common heritage and dedicated to American ideals. The Order states its principal objectives to be: Bring together those who share this common heritage Promote patriotism and a respect for the character and heroism of the founders and patriots of America Discover, collect and preserve the records, documents, monuments and history of the first colonists and their descendants Promote educational, historical and patriotic programs The Order has relatively strict bloodline mandates that have earned it a reputation as the most exclusive lineage society in the United States.

A menu cover from the 1904 General Court of the OFPA features the portrait of Admiral George Dewey, then the Order's Governor General.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brimfield,_Massachusetts

Brimfield, Massachusetts

Education

Brimfield, Massachusetts / Education

Public library, Massachusetts

Brimfield is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,609 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Brimfield Elementary School, serving grades K-6, has its own school committee, part of School Union 61. Brimfield students attend Tantasqua Regional Junior High School (grades 7-8) and Tantasqua Regional High School in Sturbridge. Union 61 and the Tantasqua district share administrators, including the superintendent, and both include Brimfield, Brookfield, Holland, Sturbridge, and Wales.

Brimfield Town Hall, 1899

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tented_roof

Tented roof

Russian tent-like churches

Tented roof / Russian tent-like churches

Transfiguration Church in Ostrov near Moscow (1590s).

A tented roof is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak. Tented roofs, a hallmark of medieval religious architecture, were widely used to cover churches with steep, conical roof structures. In the Queen Anne Victorian style, it took the form of a wooden turret with an octagonal base with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak, usually topped with a finial. A distinctive local adaptation of this roof style was widely used in 16th- and 17th-century Russian architecture for churches, although there are examples of this style also in other parts of Europe. It took the form of a polygonal spire but differed in purpose in that it was typically used to roof the main internal space of a church, rather than as an auxiliary structure. The same architectural form is also applied to bell towers. The term "tent roof" may also be applied in modern architecture to membrane and thin shell structures comprising roofs of modern materials and actual tents.

The "tent-like church" (шатровая церковь) is a national type of church that was developed in late medieval Russia. It marks a sharp departure from the traditions of Byzantine architecture which never put emphasis on verticality. Sergey Zagraevsky has argued that tented roofs have something in common with European Gothic spires. This architectural development has been described as a Russian parallel to the Gothic architecture of Western Europe. In this local adaptation of the tent roof it took the form of either: a polygonal roof made of wood, where wood logs are laid both parallel to the sides of the roof, and across the corners to form squinches, which makes the roof high and rather pointed. a roof of similar shape (thin, pointed, nearly conical), made of brick or stone. The lower sections of such a roof are usually constructed of a series of roofed small dormers with gables of semi-circular or onion shape. Tented roofs are thought to have originated in the Russian North, as they prevented snow from piling up on wooden buildings during long winters. In wooden churches (even modern ones) this type of roof is still very popular. The earliest specimen of such a church was recently transported to an abbey in Vologda. Another notable example is an 18th-century church in Kondopoga, Karelia. The Ascension church of Kolomenskoye, built in 1532 to commemorate the birth of the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV, often is considered the first tented roof church built in stone. However, Zagraevsky has argued that the earliest use of the stone tented roof was in the Trinity Church in Alexandrov, built in 1510s. Tented roof design has been prone to most unusual interpretations. Some scholars, for example, view hipped roofs of this variety as phallic symbols. It's more likely, however, that this type of design symbolised high ambitions of the nascent Russian state and liberation of the Russian art from Byzantine canons after Constantinople's fall to the Turks. Tented churches were exceedingly popular during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Two prime examples dating from his reign employ several tents of exotic shapes and colours arranged in a complicated design. These are the Church of St. John the Baptist in Kolomenskoye (1547) and Saint Basil's Cathedral on the Red Square (1561). The latter church unites nine hipped roofs in a striking circular composition. In the 17th century tented roofs were placed in a row, sometimes producing astonishing decorative effects. The first instance of this type is the Marvellous Church in Uglich, whose three graceful tents remind one of three burning candles. They also became a typical architectural solution for church bell towers. In the Nativity church at Putinki (Moscow) this trend was pushed to its limit, as there are five major and three minor tents used in the construction. It is said that Patriarch Nikon, who often passed near Putinki church on his way to the Trinity, considered the monument to be in violation of canonical rules of Byzantine architecture and proscribed building tented churches altogether. During his time at office, many beautiful tented churches were demolished, notably the ones in Staritsa and the Moscow Kremlin. Only in the late 19th century was the ban lifted, and the tented roof design was revived in such remarkable monuments as the Church of the Savior on Blood in Saint Petersburg and St. Peter and Paul's Cathedral in Peterhof.

The rocket-like church at Ostrov near Moscow is considered typical for Boris Godunov's reign.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morteza_Pouraliganji

Morteza Pouraliganji

Senior

Morteza Pouraliganji / International career / Senior

فارسی: نیمه دوم بازی تیم‌های فوتبال ایران و پرتغال در جام جهانی ۲۰۱۸

Morteza Pouraliganji, is an Iranian professional footballer who currently plays for Al-Arabi, in the Qatar Stars League and Iran national team. Pouraliganji represented Iran at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, 2018 FIFA World Cup and the 2019 AFC Asian Cup.

After his performance in Asian Games in October 2014, Carlos Queiroz called Pouraliganji up for a training camp in Portugal. He played a friendly fixtures against Estroli and Benfica and was later called up for an international friendly against South Korea on 18 November 2014. He was called into Iran's 2015 AFC Asian Cup squad on 30 December 2014, making his debut in a friendly match against Iraq on 4 January 2015 which Iran won 1–0. Pouraliganji was selected to start in Iran's opening match at the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, a 2–0 win over Bahrain. His good performance in Iran's second match against Qatar earned him a place in the AFC Best 11 of Round 2. In the quarter-final match against Iraq, Pouraliganji scored his first goal for Iran as they drew 3–3 at Canberra Stadium and were eventually defeated 7–6 on a penalty shootout. In May 2018 he was named in Iran's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.

Pouraliganji playing for Iran against Portugal in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_turntable

Laser turntable

Laser turntable

English: Laser turntable ELP LT-2XA and RME Fireface 800

A laser turntable is a phonograph that plays standard LP records using laser beams as the pickup instead of using a stylus as in conventional turntables. Although these turntables use laser pickups, the same as Compact Disc players, it's important to note the signal remains in the analog realm and is never digitized.

A laser turntable (or optical turntable) is a phonograph that plays standard LP records (and other gramophone records) using laser beams as the pickup instead of using a stylus as in conventional turntables. Although these turntables use laser pickups, the same as Compact Disc players, it's important to note the signal remains in the analog realm and is never digitized.

ELP Laser turntable (LT-2XA) and RME Fireface 800

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes

William Crookes

Middle years

William Crookes / Biography / Middle years

English: Metallic crystal aggregates and crusts of the extremely rare crookesite, a copper-thallium-silver selenide, a mineral full of rare elements; in fact it's the only mineral of almost 5000 that contains Ag, Tl and Se at the same time. Type locality mineral. From: Skrikerum Mine, Valdemarsvik, Östergötland, Sweden.

Sir William Crookes OM PRS was a British chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry in London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube which was made in 1875. This was a foundational discovery that eventually changed the whole of chemistry and physics. He is credited with discovering the element thallium, announced in 1861, with the help of spectroscopy. He was also the first to describe the spectrum of terrestrial helium, in 1865. Crookes was the inventor of the Crookes radiometer, but did not discern the true explanation of the phenomenon he detected. Crookes also invented a 100% ultraviolet blocking sunglass lens. For a time, he was interested in spiritualism and became president of the Society for Psychical Research.

Crookes was effective in experimentation. The method of spectral analysis, introduced by Bunsen and Kirchhoff, was received by Crookes with great enthusiasm and to great effect. His first important discovery was that of the element thallium, made with the help of flame spectroscopy. Crookes discovered a previously unknown element with a bright green emission line in its spectrum. He named the element thallium, from Greek θαλλός, thallós, meaning "a green shoot or twig". Crookes's findings were published on 30 March 1861. Thallium was also independently discovered by Frenchman Claude Auguste Lamy, who had the advantage of access to large amounts of materials via his brother-in-law, Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann. Both Crookes and Lamy isolated the element in 1862. Crookes was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1863. Crookes wrote a standard treatise on Select Methods in Chemical Analysis in 1871. In 1866, Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld identified a rare mineral from Skrikerum as a selenide of copper, silver, and thallium, and named the mineral crookesite in honor of Sir William Crookes. Crookes developed the Crookes tubes, investigating cathode rays. He published numerous papers on spectroscopy and conducted research on a variety of minor subjects. In his investigations of the conduction of electricity in low pressure gases, he discovered that as the pressure was lowered, the negative electrode (cathode) appeared to emit rays (the so-called "cathode rays", now known to be a stream of free electrons, and used in cathode ray display devices). As these examples indicate, he was a pioneer in the construction and use of vacuum tubes for the study of physical phenomena. He was, as a consequence, one of the first scientists to investigate what is now called a plasma and identified it as the fourth state of matter in 1879. He also devised one of the first instruments for studying nuclear radioactivity, the spinthariscope. Crookes investigated the properties of cathode rays, showing that they travel in straight lines, cause fluorescence when they fall on some substances, and that their impact can produce great heat. He believed that he had discovered a fourth state of matter, which he called "radiant matter", but his theoretical views on the nature of "radiant matter" were to be superseded. He believed the rays to consist of streams of particles of ordinary molecular magnitude. It remained for Sir J. J. Thomson to expound on the subatomic nature of cathode rays (consisting of streams of negative electrons). Nevertheless, Crookes's experimental work in this field was the foundation of discoveries which eventually changed the whole of chemistry and physics. Crookes' attention had been attracted to the vacuum balance in the course of his research into thallium. He soon discovered the phenomenon which drives the movement in a Crookes radiometer, in which a set of vanes, each blackened on one side and polished on the other, rotate when exposed to radiant energy. Crookes did not, however, provide the true explanation of this apparent "attraction and repulsion resulting from radiation". After 1880, Crookes lived at 7 Kensington Park Gardens in the fashionable area of Notting Hill. His household included a large multigenerational family and a number of servants. There all his later work was done, in what was then "the finest private laboratory in Britain". It comprised an entire floor of the house and included three interconnected laboratory rooms, for chemistry, physics, and mechanical construction, and a library. Crookes was able to purchase the house and build the laboratory because of his income from the National Guano Company and from various patents. By 1880 Crookes employed a paid full-time scientific assistant (first Charles Gimingham and after 1883 James Gardiner). He was also helped by his daughter Alice, who was "adept at fractionating rare earth elements" and "no mean interpreter of spectra". His daily routine was to manage his commercial affairs in the morning, do further business or go to scientific meetings in the afternoon,

The mineral Crookesite, named for Crookes

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_United_States_Congress

52nd United States Congress

Non-voting members

52nd United States Congress / Members / House of Representatives / Non-voting members

English: Charles Frederick Crisp (1845-1896)

The 52nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893, during the third and fourth years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

Arizona Territory. Marcus A. Smith (D) New Mexico Territory. Antonio Joseph (D) Oklahoma Territory. David A. Harvey (R) Utah Territory. John T. Caine (D)

Speaker of the House Charles F. Crisp

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_quantum_gravity

Loop quantum gravity

Black hole entropy

Loop quantum gravity / Physical applications of LQG / Black hole entropy

English: This illustration shows a stage in the merger of two galaxies that forms a single galaxy with two centrally located supermassive black holes surrounded by disks of hot gas. The black holes orbit each other for hundreds of millions of years before they merge to form a single supermassive black hole that sends out intense gravitational waves. Français : Vue d'artiste de deux trous noirs fusionnant Latviešu: Mākslinieka zīmējums, kurā attēlota divu melno caurumu saplūšana Magyar: Két szupermasszív fekete lyuk ugyanabban a galaxisban

A theory of quantum gravity, loop quantum gravity attempts to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity, incorporating matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the pure quantum gravity case. As a candidate for quantum gravity, LQG competes with string theory. According to Albert Einstein, gravity is not a force – it is a property of spacetime itself. So far, all attempts to treat gravity as another quantum force equal in importance to electromagnetism and the nuclear forces have failed, and loop quantum gravity is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Einstein's geometric formulation rather than the treatment of gravity as a force. To do this, in LQG theory space and time are quantized analogously to the way quantities like energy and momentum are quantized in quantum mechanics. The theory gives a physical picture of spacetime where space and time are granular and discrete directly because of quantization just like photons in the quantum theory of electromagnetism and the discrete energy levels of atoms. An implication of a quantized space is that a minimum distance exists.

The Immirzi parameter (a.k.a.Barbero-Immirzi parameter) is a numerical coefficient appearing in loop quantum gravity. It may take real or imaginary values. Black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons. The no hair conjecture of general relativity states that a black hole is characterized only by its mass, its charge, and its angular momentum; hence, it has no entropy. It appears, then, that one can violate the second law of thermodynamics by dropping an object with nonzero entropy into a black hole. Work by Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein showed that one can preserve the second law of thermodynamics by assigning to each black hole a black-hole entropy where is the area of the hole's event horizon, is the Boltzmann constant, and is the Planck length. The fact that the black hole entropy is also the maximal entropy that can be obtained by the Bekenstein bound (wherein the Bekenstein bound becomes an equality) was the main observation that led to the holographic principle. An oversight in the application of the no-hair theorem is the assumption that the relevant degrees of freedom accounting for the entropy of the black hole must be classical in nature; what if they were purely quantum mechanical instead and had non-zero entropy? Actually, this is what is realized in the LQG derivation of black hole entropy, and can be seen as a consequence of its background-independence – the classical black hole spacetime comes about from the semiclassical limit of the quantum state of the gravitational field, but there are many quantum states that have the same semiclassical limit. Specifically, in LQG it is possible to associate a quantum geometrical interpretation to the microstates: These are the quantum geometries of the horizon which are consistent with the area, , of the black hole and the topology of the horizon (i.e. spherical). LQG offers a geometric explanation of the finiteness of the entropy and of the proportionality of the area of the horizon. These calculations have been generalized to rotating black holes. It is possible to derive, from the covariant formulation of full quantum theory (Spinfoam) the correct relation between energy and area (1st law), the Unruh temperature and the distribution that yields Hawking entropy. The calculation makes use of the notion of dynamical horizon and is done for non-extremal black holes. A recent success of the theory in this direction is the computation of the entropy of all non singular black holes directly from theory and independent of Immirzi parameter. The result is the expected formula , where is the entropy and the area of the black hole, derived by Bekenstein and Hawking on heuristic grounds. This is the only known derivation of this formula from a fundamental theory, for the case of generic non singular black holes. Older attempts at this calculation had difficulties. The problem was that although Loop quantum gravity predicted that the entropy of a black hole is proportional to the area of the event horizon, the result depended on a crucial free parameter in the theory, the above-mentioned Immirzi parameter. However, there is no known computation of the Immirzi parameter, so it had to be fixed by demanding agreement with Bekenstein and Hawking's calculation of the black hole entropy.

An artist depiction of two black holes merging, a process in which the laws of thermodynamics are upheld.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumberland_Development_Project

Northumberland Development Project

Origin

Northumberland Development Project / Origin

English: Aerial view Tottenham Hotspur Football Club - image trimmed and adjusted

The Northumberland Development Project is a mixed-use development project that centres around the new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium which replaced White Hart Lane as the home ground of Tottenham Hotspur. On opening in April 2019, the stadium had a capacity for 62,062 spectators, later increased to 62,303, and was designed to host football as well as NFL games. The development plans also include 585 new homes, a 180-room hotel, a local community health centre, the Tottenham Experience, a Spurs museum and club shop, an extreme sports facility, as well as the Lilywhite House, which contains a Sainsbury's supermarket, a sixth form college and the club's headquarters. Plans for the project were first announced in 2008 and a planning application submitted in 2009. The project however was revised several times and delayed due to objections by conservation groups and a protracted dispute over a compulsory purchase order on existing businesses at the proposed development site. A revised plan was first approved in 2010 by the Haringey Council, and following further revisions, building started in September 2012.

Beginning in the 1980s, the Tottenham home ground White Hart Lane was redeveloped, and in order to comply with the recommendation of the Taylor Report, it was turned into an all-seater stadium. The capacity of the stadium was reduced from 50,000 in 1979 to around 36,000 by the time it was completed in 1998. The capacity was by then lower than other major English clubs with many of these clubs also planning to expand further, and Tottenham began to explore ways of increasing the stadium capacity so that it could better compete financially with other clubs. Various options were considered over a number of years. In 2000, the club under Alan Sugar submitted a plan to rebuild the East Stand as a three-tier structure to increase the ground capacity to 44,000. As the stadium was hemmed in by other buildings and conservation areas that limited expansion, the club in 2001 (by then owned by ENIC) also considered moving to a proposed new stadium in Picketts Lock planned to be used for the 2005 World Athletics Championships. The Picketts Lock plan however fell through when the government decided that it was too expensive and scrapped the plan, while the East Stand plan was also shelved in 2004 due to concerns over transport infrastructure and council objections. Other suggestions were mooted, including ground-share with rival Arsenal, and buying Wembley Stadium. In 2007, the club announced that it was considering redevelopment of the current site or a move to a new site, although no firm decision on the preferred option was made. While the various proposals were being considered, the club also bought up properties around White Hart Lane when they became available. In April 2008 it was revealed in the press that investigations were taking place into the possible use of the Wingate industrial estate immediately adjacent to the north of White Hart Lane. If planning permission were to be granted and there was agreement of the existing businesses there, a 55–60,000-seat stadium could be constructed on the White Hart Lane site. This proposal would become the Northumberland Development Project. In 2010, so as to keep all options open, the club also registered an interest in using the Olympic Stadium after the London 2012 Olympics. Tottenham proposed that the stadium be demolished, and a new 60,000-capacity football stadium without a running track be built in its place, at the same time offering to redevelop the stadium at Crystal Palace National Sports Centre as an athletics stadium. However, the government indicated that the running track should be retained at the Olympic Stadium, and the bid was won by West Ham United in 2011 as it was committed to keeping the track. After its attempts to overturn the Olympic Park Legacy Company's decision failed, the club abandoned the Olympic Stadium bid in October 2011. It focused its attention on the Northumberland Development Project, and announced its commitment to the building of a new stadium in Tottenham in January 2012.

Aerial view from the south of White Hart Lane before redevelopment, Wingate industrial estate was located to the north of stadium. Great part of the area here would be rebuilt in the Northumberland Development Project.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign

Guadalcanal campaign

Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse

Guadalcanal campaign / Events / Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse

The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater of World War II. It was the first major land offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan. On 7 August 1942, Allied forces, predominantly United States Marines, landed on Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida in the southern Solomon Islands, with the objective of using Guadalcanal and Tulagi as bases in supporting a campaign to eventually capture or neutralize the major Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain. The Japanese defenders, who had occupied those islands since May 1942, were outnumbered and overwhelmed by the Allies, who captured Tulagi and Florida, as well as the airfield – later named Henderson Field – that was under construction on Guadalcanal. Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November to retake Henderson Field.

By December, the weary 1st Marine Division was withdrawn for recuperation, and over the course of the next month the U.S. XIV Corps took over operations on the island. This corps consisted of the 2nd Marine Division and the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry and 23rd "Americal" Divisions. U.S. Army Major General Alexander Patch replaced Vandegrift as commander of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which by January totaled just over 50,000 men. On 18 December, Allied (mainly U.S. Army) forces began attacking Japanese positions on Mount Austen. A strong Japanese fortified position, called the Gifu, stymied the attacks and the Americans were forced to temporarily halt their offensive on 4 January. The Allies renewed the offensive on 10 January, reattacking the Japanese on Mount Austen as well as on two nearby ridges called the Seahorse and the Galloping Horse. After some difficulty, the Allies captured all three by 23 January. At the same time, U.S. Marines advanced along the north coast of the island, making significant gains. The Americans lost about 250 killed in the operation while the Japanese suffered around 3,000 killed, about 12 to 1 in the Americans' favor.

Left to right, unnamed soldier, Colonel Richard H. Jeschke, Commander of the 8th Marines, U.S. Army Major General Alexander Patch, who succeeded Vandegrift on 9 December 1942