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Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation.

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms and electropharmacological characteristics in adult patients with atrial tachycardia (AT) are not well described. We proposed that a combination of electropharmacological characteristics, recording of monophasic action potential, and effects of radiofrequency ablation could further determine the mechanisms and achieve a new classification in adults with various types of AT because they were important in regard to the correlation between mechanisms and pathophysiology, clinical syndrome, and responses to specific pharmacological or nonpharmacological therapies.METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (11 female, 25 male; mean age, 57 +/- 13 years) with AT were referred for electropharmacological studies and radiofrequency ablation. Resetting response pattern, entrainment phenomenon, recording of monophasic action potential, serial drug test, response to Valsalva maneuver, endocardial mapping technique, and radiofrequency ablation were performed. Seven patients had automatic AT provocable with isoproterenol; neither initiation nor termination was related to programmed electrical stimulation. The other 29 patients had AT initiated or terminated by electrical stimulation and mechanisms related to triggered activity or reentry; nine of them needed isoproterenol to facilitate initiation of AT, associated with delayed afterdepolarization in monophasic action potential. All responded to adenosine (15 to 60 micrograms/kg) and Valsalva maneuver. Dipyridamole terminated AT and decreased the slope of afterdepolarization. Afterdepolarization was not found in the patients with automatic or reentrant AT. In 40 of 41 (98%), AT was ablated successfully, with late recurrence in 2 of 40 (5%) (follow-up, 18 +/- 4 months).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the diverse mechanisms and electropharmacological characteristics of AT in adults. Furthermore, radiofrequency ablation of various types of AT could achieve high success and low recurrence rates.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tachycardia, Supraventricular']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.331.200'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.067.845.880', 'C14.280.123.875.880', 'C23.550.073.845.880']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

A systematic approach to evaluation of the rearfoot, ankle, and leg in reconstructive surgery.

The current literature shows that proper alignment of the lower extremity allows for greater function throughout the gait cycle. Therefore, realignment should be one of the primary goals in the surgical management of lower-extremity deformities and pathology. Multiplanar radiographic angular relationships should be critically evaluated to appropriately identify the level and extent of the deformity before performing realignment procedures. This article describes a systematic approach to deformity evaluation through a comprehensive radiographic assessment of the rearfoot, ankle, and lower leg.

['Ankle', 'Ankle Joint', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Malalignment', 'Foot Deformities', 'Foot Joints', 'Heel', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Lower Extremity', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radiography', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures']

[['A01.378.610.050'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C05.116.214'], ['C05.330'], ['A02.835.583.378'], ['A01.378.610.250.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['A01.378.610'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.680']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Bodily embarrassment and judgment concern as separable factors in the measurement of medical embarrassment: psychometric development and links to treatment-seeking outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Understanding why people do not always engage in medical examinations that might benefit them is a public health issue which is receiving increased attention. One area of promise involves the study of medical embarrassment, although current studies are weakened in that they measure medical embarrassment in a theoretically na?ve and unidimensional manner and have assumed that embarrassment is exclusively a barrier to the timely seeking of treatment.DESIGN: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 116 male and 134 female students (mean age = 19.94 years, 47.2% Caucasian, 20.4% African-American, 32.4% Asian) from two large universities in different parts of the United States.METHODS: Participants completed a comprehensive measure of medical embarrassment, reported on previous treatment avoidance because of embarrassment, and recorded the frequency of psychological, general and sex-related visits across the previous 5 years.RESULTS: As expected, medical embarrassment was not unidimensional and appeared to have two distinct factors--bodily embarrassment and judgment concern. Bodily embarrassment generally predicted less frequent medical contact although not equally so across domains and it interacted with judgment concern in several cases, providing preliminary evidence that there are situations in which aspects of medical embarrassment may actually facilitate greater medical contact.CONCLUSIONS: The data highlight the importance of considering the role of emotions other than fear in health behaviour and the means by which they may facilitate or deter the timely seeking of diagnosis and treatment.

['Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Body Image', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Psychology', 'Psychometrics', 'Shame', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F04.096.628'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F01.470.483.666'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Purification and molecular cloning of cDNA for an inducible antibacterial protein of larvae of a coleopteran insect, Holotrichia diomphalia.

Injection of Escherichia coli into larvae of the coleopteran Holotrichia diomphalia results in the appearance of antibacterial activity in the hemolymph. An antibacterial protein, named holotricin 2, was purified from larvae of this insect and characterized. A cDNA clone for holotricin 2 was isolated and its complete sequence was determined. This protein was found to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and to consist of 72-amino acid residues with no cysteine residues. Its amino acid sequence is similar to that of coleoptericine, an antibacterial protein isolated from larvae of the coleopteran Zophobas atratus.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Coleoptera', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Hemolymph', 'Insect Hormones', 'Insect Proteins', 'Larva', 'Molecular Sequence Data']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['A13.453'], ['D06.472.445.573'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['L01.453.245.667']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Functional recovery and axonal growth following spinal cord transection is accelerated by sustained L-DOPA administration.

The eel, Anguilla anguilla, as with other fish species, recovers well from spinal cord injury. We assessed the quality of locomotion of spinally transected eels from measurements made from video recordings of individuals swimming at different speeds in a water tunnel. Following transection of the spinal cord just caudal to the anus, the animals displayed higher tail beat frequencies and lower tail beat amplitudes than before surgery, owing to the loss of power in this region. Swimming performance then progressively recovered, appearing normal within 1 month of surgery. Eels with similar transections, but given regular, repeated intraperitoneal injections (50 mg/kg) of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) showed an equivalent pattern of decline and recovery that was 10-20 days shorter than that seen in non-treated fish. Axonal growth into the denervated cord, as determined from anterograde labelling experiments, was also more rapid in the drug-treated fish. L-DOPA treatment increased the activity of all fish for up to 18 h, and accelerated the spontaneous movements ('spinal swimming') made by the denervated, caudal portion of the animal that appeared following transection. We suggest that this enhancement of locomotion underlies the accelerated axonal growth and, hence, functional recovery.

['Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Growth Cones', 'Levodopa', 'Motor Activity', 'Recovery of Function', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']

[['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A11.284.180.075.249', 'A11.284.180.225.340', 'A11.284.180.610.345', 'A11.671.137.340', 'A11.671.240.340'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G16.757'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']

Captopril in congestive heart failure: improved left ventricular function with decreased metabolic cost.

The oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CPT) produces beneficial hemodynamic and clinical responses in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Cardiac output and stroke volume increase, along with a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, indicating improved left ventricular function. During maintenance CPT therapy, the beneficial hemodynamic and clinical effects appear to be sustained. Improved left ventricular pump function with CPT is associated with decreased metabolic cost, as myocardial oxygen consumption consistently decreases in proportion to the decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. Myocardial ischemia occurs infrequently, as is evident from the abnormal myocardial lactate metabolism. Hypotension appears to be the major adverse effect, particularly after the first dose. However, with dose titration and the use of a smaller initial dose, a marked precipitous fall in blood pressure can be avoided in the majority of patients. Thus, CPT may prove to be a useful agent in the vasodilator therapy of chronic CHF.

['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Captopril', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hydralazine', 'Hypotension', 'Myocardium', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Prazosin', 'Proline', 'Vasodilator Agents']

[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['C14.280.434'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.710.605.500'], ['C14.907.514'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G03.680'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Chondrosarcomatous cutaneous metastasis. A unique manifestation of sarcomatoid (metaplastic) breast carcinoma.

Breast carcinoma is the most common origin of cutaneous metastasis in women but is usually of ductal or lobular histotypes. Sarcomatoid (metaplastic) carcinoma of the breast, although a well-established aggressive neoplasm, is very uncommon. The metaplastic elements span all types of mesenchymal differentiation and have been demonstrated to be derived from carcinomatous elements. Skin metastasis from such lesions is extremely rare. A case of metastatic sarcomatoid breast carcinoma to the skin is described in which the histology of the metastases was that of chondrosarcoma.

['Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Metaplasia', 'Sarcoma', 'Skin Neoplasms']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.589'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy: a prospective comparison of trauma and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Reliable comparisons of thoracoscopy (TCC) and anterolateral thoracotomy (ATT) with regard to trauma and post-operative quality of life are rare. This study was conducted to quantify the results of TCC, which was expected to show an advantage.METHODS: Using a matched-pair design (matching criteria: comparable intracavitary procedure, benign/malignant disease and sex), 22 patients were compared who underwent either TCC or ATT (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, P<0.05).RESULTS: Incision and operation time were shorter for TCC (TCC 5.3 vs ATT 23.7 cm, P=0.003; TCC 64 vs ATT 87 min, P=0.029). Differences in favor of TCC were detected for interleukin 6 (IL6) (TCC 17.2 vs ATT 105.6 pg/ml, P=0.036) in the immediate postoperative period, C-reactive protein (CRP) (TCC 28.2 vs ATT 86.6 mg/l; P=0.010) on the day 1 after the operation, forced vital capacity (FVC) (TCC 2.5 vs ATT 1.5 l, P=0.0173), elevation of the arm (EA) (TCC 143 vs ATT 109; P=0,026), pain on coughing (CP) (TCC 2.5 vs ATT 6.9 patients; P=0.009) and Spitzer Index (SI) (TCC 9.2 vs ATT 7,1 patients; P=0.009), as well as CP (TCC 1.4 vs ATT 4.4 patients; P=0,005) on day 4 after the operation. Forced expiratory volume in the first second, pain, creatin kinase, blood glucose and neopterin showed no differences.CONCLUSIONS: In terms of surgical trauma and quality of life ICC is superior to ATT in the immediate postoperative period. With the exception of pain and coughing, there were no differences after postoperative day 4.

['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Thoracoscopy', 'Thoracotomy']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752'], ['E04.928.760']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

Biomaterial scaffolds in cartilage-subchondral bone defects influencing the repair of autologous articular cartilage transplants.

The repair of articular cartilage typically involves the repair of cartilage-subchondral bone tissue defects. Although various bioactive materials have been used to repair bone defects, how these bioactive materials in subchondral bone defects influence the repair of autologous cartilage transplant remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different subchondral biomaterial scaffolds on the repair of autologous cartilage transplant in a sheep model. Cylindrical cartilage-subchondral bone defects were created in the right femoral knee joint of each sheep. The subchondral bone defects were implanted with hydroxyapatite-â-tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP), poly lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA)-HA-TCP dual-layered composite scaffolds (PLGA/HA-TCP scaffolds), or autologous bone chips. The autologous cartilage layer was placed on top of the subchondral materials. After 3 months, the effect of different subchondral scaffolds on the repair of autologous cartilage transplant was systematically studied by investigating the mechanical strength, structural integration, and histological responses. The results showed that the transplanted cartilage layer supported by HA-TCP scaffolds had better structural integration and higher mechanical strength than that supported by PLGA/HA-TCP scaffolds. Furthermore, HA-TCP-supported cartilage showed higher expression of acid mucosubstances and glycol-amino-glycan contents than that supported by PLGA/HA-TCP scaffolds. Our results suggested that the physicochemical properties, including the inherent mechanical strength and material chemistry of the scaffolds, play important roles in influencing the repair of autologous cartilage transplants. The study may provide useful information for the design and selection of proper subchondral biomaterials to support the repair of both subchondral bone and cartilage defects.

['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Hyaline Cartilage', 'Hydroxyapatites', 'Lactic Acid', 'Materials Testing', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer', 'Sheep', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']

[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A02.165.407', 'A10.165.382.400'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300', 'D01.146.360.050.300', 'D01.578.122.477', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.570'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['D02.241.511.459.450.500', 'D05.750.728.780.500', 'D25.720.728.780.500', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['E04.936.664'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Seeing the forest through the trees: a comparison of different IAT variants measuring implicit alcohol associations.

Dual-process models propose that addictive behaviors are determined by an implicit, impulsive system and an explicit, reflective system. Consistent with these models, research has demonstrated implicit affective associations with alcohol, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), that predict unique variance in drinking behavior above explicit cognitions. However, different IAT versions have been used to measure implicit affective associations with alcohol, and the present study sought to determine which of these IAT variants showed the highest validity and internal consistencies. In total, 4800 participants completed one of six IAT versions via the Internet: a bipolar IAT (i.e., positive vs. negative), a unipolar positive IAT (i.e., positive vs. neutral), or a unipolar negative IAT (i.e., negative vs. neutral) with general positive and negative stimuli or with positive and negative alcohol-related affective states. While the alcohol-related affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT versions and the general affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT versions showed comparable internal consistencies, somewhat lower internal consistencies were found for the unipolar negative IAT versions. Further, alcohol-related affective IAT variants were more strongly related to explicit measures than general affective IAT versions. Also, alcohol-related and general affective bipolar and unipolar positive IAT variants were related to drinking behavior, but not unipolar negative IAT variants. Finally, the bipolar alcohol-related affective IAT, the unipolar alcohol-related positive IAT and the unipolar general positive IAT predicted drinking behavior above explicit measures. Overall, the bipolar alcohol-related affective IAT outperformed all other IAT variants with respect to its relationship with explicit measures and drinking behavior.

['Affect', 'Alcoholism', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Emotions', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['F01.470.047'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F01.470'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Application of recurrent neural network for online prediction of cell density of recombinant Pichia pastoris producing HBsAg.

Artificial neural networking (ANN) seems to be a promising soft sensor for implementing current approaches of quality by design (QbD) and process analytical technologies (PAT) in the biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, we aimed to implement best-fitted ANN architecture for online prediction of the biomass amount of recombinant Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) - expressing intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) - during the fed-batch fermentation process using methanol as a sole carbon source. For this purpose, at the induction phase of methanol fed-batch fermentation, carbon evolution rate (CER), dissolved oxygen (DO), and methanol feed rate were selected as input vectors and total wet cell weight (WCW) was considered as output vector for the ANN. The obtained results indicated that after training recurrent ANN with data sets of four fed-batch runs, this toolbox could predict the WCW of the next fed-batch fermentation process at each specified time point with high accuracy. The R-squared and root-mean-square error between actual and predicted values were found to be 0.9985 and 13.73, respectively. This verified toolbox could have major importance in the biopharmaceutical industry since recombinant P. pastoris is widely used for the large-scale production of HBsAg.

['Bacterial Load', 'Biomass', 'Bioreactors', 'Fermentation', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Methanol', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Pichia', 'Recombinant Proteins']

[['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['D02.033.623'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['B01.300.107.795.700', 'B01.300.930.600'], ['D12.776.828']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']

Hepatic arterial infusion enhances DOTATOC radiopeptide therapy in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases.

Intravenously administered radiolabeled peptides targeting somatostatin receptors are used for the treatment of unresectable gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Recently, we demonstrated a high first-pass effect during intra-arterial (i.a.) administration of positron emission tomography (PET) labeled (68)Ga-DOTA(0)-d-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide (DOTATOC). In this pilot study, we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of arterial administered DOTATOC, labeled with the therapeutic â emitters (90)Y and (177)Lu. (90)Y- and/or (177)Lu-DOTATOC were infused into the hepatic artery of 15 patients with liver metastases arising from GEP-NETs. Response was assessed using DOTATOC-PET, multiphase contrast enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and the serum tumor marker chromogranin A. Pharmacokinetic data of the arterial approach were assessed using (111)In-DOTATOC scans. With the treatment regime of this pilot study, complete remission was achieved in one (7%) patient and partial remission was observed in eight (53%) patients, six patients were classified as stable (40%; response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria). The concomitant decrease of elevated serum tumor marker confirmed the radiologic response. Median time to progression was not reached within a mean follow-up period of 20 months. Receptor saturation and redistribution effects were identified as limiting factors for i.a. DOTATOC therapy. The high rate of objective radiologic response in NET patients treated with arterial infusion of (90)Y-/(177)Lu-DOTATOC compares favorably with systemic chemotherapy and intravenous radiopeptide therapy. While i.a. DOTATOC therapy is only applicable to patients with tumors of limited anatomic distribution, the results of this pilot study are a promising development in the treatment of GEP-NET and warrants further investigation of this novel approach.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chromogranin A', 'Female', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Octreotide', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pilot Projects', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Yttrium Radioisotopes']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.631.199.249'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D01.268.558.975.500.800', 'D01.268.956.890.500.800', 'D01.496.749.960', 'D01.496.943.800', 'D01.552.550.975.500.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Williamsia spongiae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from the marine sponge Amphimedon viridis.

A novel actinobacterium, designated isolate B138T, was isolated from the marine sponge, Amphimedon viridis, which was collected from Praia Guaec? (S?o Paulo, Brazil), and its taxonomic position was established using data from a polyphasic study. The organism showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Williamsia and it formed a distinct phyletic line in the Williamsia 16S rRNA gene tree. It was most closely related to Williamsia serinedens DSM 45037T and Williamsia deligens DSM 44902T (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Williamsia maris DSM 44693T (97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), but was distinguished readily from these strains by the low DNA-DNA relatedness values (62.3-64.4 %) and by the discriminatory phenotypic properties. Based on the data obtained, the isolate B138T (=CBMAI 1094T=DSM 46676T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Williamsia, for which the name Williamsia spongiae sp. nov. is proposed.

['Actinomycetales', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'Brazil', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Phylogeny', 'Porifera', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']

[['B03.510.024.049'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.050.500.802'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']

Phosphatidylserine increases IKBKAP levels in a humanized knock-in IKBKAP mouse model.

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a severe neurodegenerative genetic disorder restricted to the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The most common mutation in FD patients is a T-to-C transition at position 6 of intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene. This mutation causes aberrant skipping of exon 20 in a tissue-specific manner, leading to reduction of the IêB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP) protein in the nervous system. We established a homozygous humanized mouse strain carrying human exon 20 and its two flanking introns; the 3' intron has the transition observed in the IKBKAP gene of FD patients. Although our FD humanized mouse does not display FD symptoms, the unique, tissue-specific splicing pattern of the IKBKAP in these mice allowed us to evaluate the effect of therapies on gene expression and exon 20 splicing. The FD mice were supplemented with phosphatidylserine (PS), a safe food supplement that increases mRNA and protein levels of IKBKAP in cell lines generated from FD patients. Here we demonstrated that PS treatment increases IKBAKP mRNA and IKAP protein levels in various tissues of FD mice without affecting exon 20 inclusion levels. We also observed that genes associated with transcription regulation and developmental processes were up-regulated in the cerebrum of PS-treated mice. Thus, PS holds promise for the treatment of FD.

['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dysautonomia, Familial', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Gene Knock-In Techniques', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Introns', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Transcriptional Elongation Factors']

[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.177.575.300', 'C10.500.250.309', 'C10.574.500.493.250', 'C10.668.829.800.175.250', 'C16.131.666.310.309', 'C16.320.400.415.309'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['E05.393.335.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D12.776.930.955']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Growth of non-phototrophic microorganisms using solar energy through mineral photocatalysis.

Phototrophy and chemotrophy are two dominant modes of microbial metabolism. To date, non-phototrophic microorganisms have been excluded from the solar light-centered phototrophic metabolism. Here we report a pathway that demonstrates a role of light in non-phototrophic microbial activity. In lab simulations, visible light-excited photoelectrons from metal oxide, metal sulfide, and iron oxide stimulated the growth of chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. The measured bacterial growth was dependent on light wavelength and intensity, and the growth pattern matched the light absorption spectra of the minerals. The photon-to-biomass conversion efficiency was in the range of 0.13-1.90‰. Similar observations were obtained in a natural soil sample containing both bacteria and semiconducting minerals. Results from this study provide evidence for a newly identified, but possibly long-existing pathway, in which the metabolisms and growth of non-phototrophic bacteria can be stimulated by solar light through photocatalysis of semiconducting minerals.

['Acidithiobacillus', 'Alcaligenes faecalis', 'Bacteria', 'Bioelectric Energy Sources', 'Biomass', 'Minerals', 'Phototrophic Processes', 'Solar Energy', 'Sunlight']

[['B03.440.400.425.103', 'B03.660.250.015'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.050.200', 'B03.660.075.090.344.050.200'], ['B03'], ['E07.305.124.150'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D01.578'], ['G02.111.669', 'G03.800'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Hepatic glycogen depletion in fed female rats induced by piroxicam.

The effects of i.p. piroxicam administration on hepatic glycogen levels and enzymatic activities of key enzymes involved into glycogen metabolism in fed female rats were studied. Liver glycogen concentrations in treated rats decreased with increasing time of treatment and doses of piroxicam administered. The fall in glycogen caused by piroxicam persisted for several days after it was discontinued. Neither nadolol nor phenobarbital administration were able to prevent the depleting effect of piroxicam. In the treated rats, glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase activities remained unchanged respect to control. Also, proportion of phosphorylase in the active (a) form was not significantly affected by successive piroxicam daily doses. In contrast, we demonstrated a decrease in the glycogen synthase in the active I form. This reduction was time-dependent on piroxicam treatment. Further, glucose loads were not capable to restore activity in the synthase enzyme and liver glycogen synthesis in animals treated with piroxicam. The impairment into glycogen metabolism produced by piroxicam administration suggests liver becomes unable to maintain glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, glycogen depletion might produce an impairment in the metabolism of drugs administered simultaneously with piroxicam, because biotransformation of xenobiotics is a process depending on glycogen storage in the liver cells.

['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Glucose-6-Phosphatase', 'Glycogen Synthase', 'Liver Glycogen', 'Nadolol', 'Phenobarbital', 'Phosphorylases', 'Piroxicam', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']

[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.225'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.375'], ['D05.750.078.562.388.518', 'D09.698.365.388.518'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.601', 'D02.033.755.624.698.601', 'D02.092.063.624.698.601'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.400'], ['D02.886.665.500', 'D03.383.855.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Laser capsulorrhaphy for multidirectional instability of the shoulder. An outcomes study and proposed classification system.

BACKGROUND: Clinical data on the efficacy of laser capsulorrhaphy for the treatment of multidirectional instability of the shoulder are limited.HYPOTHESIS: The diagnosis of multidirectional instability includes a spectrum of pathologic symptoms that warrants subclassification; laser capsulorrhaphy alone is not uniformly effective for all subtypes.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.METHODS: Twenty-five shoulders in 21 patients were treated with laser capsulorrhaphy for multidirectional instability. Functional outcomes at a mean duration of 32 months' follow-up (range, 24 to 48 months) were recorded.RESULTS: Instability recurred in 60% of patients with congenital multidirectional instability, 17% of patients with acquired multidirectional instability, and 33% of patients with posttraumatic multidirectional instability (overall recurrence rate, 40%). Generalized ligamentous laxity was a risk factor for recurrence. Patient satisfaction rates were 40%, 83%, and 22% for the congenital, acquired, and posttraumatic subgroups. Reasons for dissatisfaction included recurrent instability, persistent pain, and inability to return to athletic activity at desired capacity. The overall mean postoperative Simple Shoulder Test score was 84%. The mean postoperative numeric rating score for pain was 3.3 (10-point scale).CONCLUSIONS: Laser capsulorrhaphy may be effective for patients with acquired multidirectional instability secondary to repetitive microtrauma but is less predictable in the other subgroups.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Capsule', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Joint Instability', 'Laser Therapy', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Pain', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Recovery of Function', 'Recurrence', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Sports', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.443'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['C05.550.521'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['G16.757'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

A cautionary note concerning the use of stabilized weights in marginal structural models.

Marginal structural models are commonly used to estimate the causal effect of a time-varying treatment in presence of time-dependent confounding. When fitting an MSM to data, the analyst must specify both the structural model for the outcome and the treatment models for the inverse-probability-of-treatment weights. The use of stabilized weights is recommended because they are generally less variable than the standard weights. In this paper, we are concerned with the use of the common stabilized weights when the structural model is specified to only consider partial treatment history, such as the current or most recent treatments. We present various examples of settings where these stabilized weights yield biased inferences while the standard weights do not. These issues are first investigated on the basis of simulated data and subsequently exemplified using data from the Honolulu Heart Program. Unlike common stabilized weights, we find that basic stabilized weights offer some protection against bias in structural models designed to estimate current or most recent treatment effects.

['Bias', 'Biostatistics', 'Blood Pressure', 'Causality', 'Computer Simulation', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Motor Activity', 'Observational Studies as Topic']

[['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E05.318.740.237'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['L01.224.160'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.318.372.250.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.500']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Molecular imaging of reductive coupling reactions: interstitial-mediated coupling of benzaldehyde on reduced TiO2(110).

We report the first visualization of a reactive intermediate formed from coupling two molecules on a surface-a diolate formed from benzaldehyde coupling on TiO(2)(110). The diolate, imaged using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), is reduced to gaseous stilbene upon heating to ?400 K, leaving behind two oxygen atoms that react with reduced Ti interstitials that migrate to the surface, contrary to the popular expectation that strong bonds in oxygenated molecules react only with oxygen vacancies at the surface. Our work further provides both experimental and theoretical evidence that Ti interstitials drive the formation of diolate intermediates. Initially mobile monomers migrate together to form paired features, identified as diolates that bond over two adjacent five-coordiante Ti atoms on the surface. Our work is of broad importance because it demonstrates the possibility of imaging the distribution and bonding configurations of reactant species on a molecular scale, which is a critical part of understanding surface reactions and the development of surface morphology during the course of reaction.

['Adsorption', 'Benzaldehydes', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanostructures', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature', 'Titanium']

[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D02.047.222'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.500', 'E05.595.666.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Adverse effects of chromium oxide nano-particles on seed germination and growth in Triticum aestivum L.

In this study, seeds of Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae) were exposed to 0-100 microg/mL chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3, Nps) to study the phytotoxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth. It has been observed that 25-100 microg/mL Cr2O3, Nps inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth in concentration dependent manner. The present study suggests that release of Cr2O3, Nps in environment may adversely affect the wheat production.

['Chromium Compounds', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Germination', 'Nanoparticles', 'Seeds', 'Triticum']

[['D01.220'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.345.625.249', 'G15.357'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

High-throughput cell-based screening of 4910 known drugs and drug-like small molecules identifies disulfiram as an inhibitor of prostate cancer cell growth.

PURPOSE: To identify novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with prostate cancer, we applied high-throughput screening to systematically explore most currently marketed drugs and drug-like molecules for their efficacy against a panel of prostate cancer cells.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We carried out a high-throughput cell-based screening with proliferation as a primary end-point using a library of 4,910 drug-like small molecule compounds in four prostate cancer (VCaP, LNCaP, DU 145, and PC-3) and two nonmalignant prostate epithelial cell lines (RWPE-1 and EP156T). The EC(50) values were determined for each cell type to identify cancer selective compounds. The in vivo effect of disulfiram (DSF) was studied in VCaP cell xenografts, and gene microarray and combinatorial studies with copper or zinc were done in vitro for mechanistic exploration.RESULTS: Most of the effective compounds, including antineoplastic agents, were nonselective and found to inhibit both cancer and control cells in equal amounts. In contrast, histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, thiram, DSF, and monensin were identified as selective antineoplastic agents that inhibited VCaP and LNCaP cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations. DSF reduced tumor growth in vivo, induced metallothionein expression, and reduced DNA replication by downregulating MCM mRNA expression. The effect of DSF was potentiated by copper in vitro.CONCLUSIONS: We identified three novel cancer-selective growth inhibitory compounds for human prostate cancer cells among marketed drugs. We then validated DSF as a potential prostate cancer therapeutic agent. These kinds of pharmacologically well-known molecules can be readily translated to in vivo preclinical studies and clinical trials.

['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disulfiram', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Models, Biological', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Small Molecule Libraries', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.241.081.251.869.220.250', 'D02.886.520.150.175', 'D02.886.706.200.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['E05.916.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D27.720.470.765'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Effects of the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and calmodulin antagonist W-7 on superoxide production in growing and resting human histiocytic leukemia cells (U937).

Serum, phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (PDD) and 1-oleoyl-2-acetoy-sn-glycerol (OAG) stimulated O2- release in human histiocytic leukemia U937 cells. The kinetics of O2- release caused by PDD but not by serum or OAG in growing cells differed from those in resting cells. Both the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl) 2-methylpiperidine (H-7) and calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) reduced the superoxide generation induced by these stimuli. H-7 inhibited the O2- release either from growing or resting cells but the effect of W-7 varied according to the growth phase. From these results, it is suggested that activation of protein kinase C and calmodulin-dependent process has an important role in O2(-)-release induced by serum, OAG and PDD, and that the mechanism for PDD-induced O2(-)-release is different in growing and resting cells.

['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'Calmodulin', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Kinetics', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Piperazines', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Sulfonamides', 'Superoxides']

[['D02.886.590.700.545', 'D03.383.606.527', 'D03.633.100.531.400'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Deblurring.

In most instances, traditional EEG methodology provides insufficient spatial detail to identify relationships between brain electrical events and structures and functions visualized by magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography. This article describes a method called Deblurring for increasing the spatial detail of the EEG and for fusing neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic data. Deblurring estimates potentials near the outer convexity of the cortex using a realistic finite element model of the structure of a subject's head determined from their magnetic resonance images. Deblurring is not a source localization technique and thus makes no assumptions about the number or type of generator sources. The validity of Deblurring has been initially tested by comparing deblurred data with potentials measured with subdural grid recordings. Results suggest that deblurred topographic maps, registered with a subject's magnetic resonance imaging and rendered in three dimensions, provide better spatial detail than has heretofore been obtained with scalp EEG recordings. Example results are presented from research studies of somatosensory stimulation, movement, language, attention and working memory. Deblurred ictal EEG data are also presented, indicating that this technique may have future clinical application as an aid to seizure localization and surgical planning.

['Brain', 'Cognition', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mental Processes', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reading']

[['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['L01.559.423.557']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']

Retinal oxidation, apoptosis and age- and sex-differences in the mnd mutant mouse, a model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

Retinal degeneration is an early and progressive event in many forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with unknown pathogenesis. We here used the mutant motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse, a late-infantile NCL variant, to investigate the retinal oxidative state and apoptotic cell death as a function of age and sex. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels revealed progressive increases in retinal oxyradicals and lipid peroxides of mnd mice of both sexes. Female mnd retinas showed a higher oxidation rate and consistently exhibited the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-adducts staining and advanced histopathologic profile when compared to male mnd retinas matched for age. In situ DNA fragmentation (TUNEL staining) appeared in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) as early as 1 month of age. At 4 months, there were more intense and numerous TUNEL-positive cells in the same layer and in the inner nuclear (INL) and ganglion cell (GCL) layers; whereas at 8 months TUNEL staining was restricted to a few scattered cells in the INL and GCL, when a severe retinal cell loss had occurred. Caspase-3 activation confirmed apoptotic demise and its processing turned out to be higher in mnd females than males. These results demonstrate the involvement of oxidation and apoptotic processes in mnd mouse retinopathy and highlight sex-related differences in retinal vulnerability to oxidative stress and damage.

['Aldehydes', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Retina', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Sex Factors', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']

[['D02.047'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['C10.574.500.550', 'C16.320.400.600', 'C16.320.565.398.641.509', 'C18.452.584.687.509', 'C18.452.648.398.641.509'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Healing the schism: medicine and public health in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between medicine and public health has a long and complex co-evolution. In developing countries where the health needs are greatest and resources are few, this relationship is of critical importance.DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH AT THE AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY: This paper provides a case study of the development of the relationship between medical and public health at the Aga Khan University (AKU), a leading educational institution in Pakistan, which was founded with a vision of reuniting medicine and public health. Rapid growth and development have led to successful medicine and public health programs, but have fallen short in creating the synergies needed to address the population health problems of the country.THE WAY FORWARD: In a twenty-five year history of strong growth and development, the AKU has recreated the schism that marked US institutional development in the 20th century, despite strategic consideration to address population health in the design of the University. We recommend the creation of public health schools that focus on leadership to renew an emphasis on unifying health concepts and actions following successful examples to bring medicine and public health together.

['Community Medicine', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Education, Medical', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Pakistan', 'Public Health']

[['H02.403.220'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['I02.358.399'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850']]

['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Predicting neuropsychological abnormalities in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with MRI signal alteration and neuropsychological (NP) dysfunction. Screening tools have been developed to identify patients at high risk for these neurological complications of MS. One such measure, the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ), has well-established reliability and predictive validity. In this article, we report on the accumulated findings derived from 162 consecutive research participants and MS clinic attendees. Our data show significant correlation between both patient- and informant-report MSNQ and NP impairment. As shown previously, larger, and more significant correlations are found between informant-report MSNQs than with patient-report MSNQs. In addition, we find that the MSNQ predicts follow-up NP testing 51 weeks after baseline with a similar degree of association. Finally, the MSNQ is correlated with MRI measures of whole-brain lesion burden and atrophy, secondary progressive course, and vocational disability. We conclude that the MSNQ is reliable and valid for detecting neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric complications of MS.

['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in management of eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the surgical management of eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed preoperatively in 18 eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity to view the access to the anterior surgical space.RESULTS: Of the 15 (83.3%) eyes with anterior open funnel on B-scan ultrasonography, only 8 (53.3%) eyes had open access to the anterior surgical space and were scheduled for lensectomy.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is an effective tool for assessing anterior surgical space and helps surgical decision making in vitreoretinal surgery in eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity.

['Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Acoustic', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Preoperative Period', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Vitrectomy']

[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.370', 'E01.370.350.850.565', 'E05.595.370'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['E04.614.937', 'N02.421.585.753.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C11.768.836', 'C16.614.521.731'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E04.540.960']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']

Functional analysis of the defective T cell regulation of the antigen-specific PFC response in SLE patients: differentiation of suppressor precursor cells to suppressor effector cells.

The investigation described here is concerned with the T cell regulation of the antigen-specific antibody response which has been studied in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apart from the fact that T helper cell activity was found to be less efficient, it appeared that the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of patients in an active stage of the disease did not contain the suppressor precursor cells, which functions as the target cell for the inductive signal of T mu+ suppressor inducer cells. The absence of the suppressor precursor cells in SLE patients coincided with the absence of T gamma+ suppressor effector cells. Characterization of the (post-thymic) precursor cells (derived from normal donors) with the aid of monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series and several other markers pointed out that this population contains OKT4+ as well as OKT8+ cells. Further experiments demonstrated that the cells are capable of rosetting with autologous erythrocytes, and do not bear Fc receptors for IgM or IgG. Considering the various findings as a whole the conclusion is warranted that the post-thymic suppressor precursor T cell can differentiate into a suppressor effector cell only after interaction with T suppressor inducer cells.

['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Hemolytic Plaque Technique', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Ovalbumin', 'Phenotype', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']

[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['G12.100'], ['E01.370.225.812.375', 'E05.200.812.375', 'E05.478.594.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Enhanced sonochemical decomposition of 1,4-dioxane by ferrous iron.

The enhanced ultrasonic decomposition of 1,4-dioxane by the addition of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) was investigated at 205, 358, 618, and 1071 kHz. The total organic carbon (TOC) remaining was also determined at each frequency. Addition of Fe(II) improved the 1,4-dioxane decomposition rate and mineralization efficiency at all frequencies studied. A nearly four-fold increase of the rate constant was observed at the optimal Fe(II) concentration and a frequency of 205 kHz. In the presence and absence of the iron, the fastest overall degradation and mineralization of 1,4-dioxane took place at 358 kHz where 95% of the initial 1,4-dioxane was removed after 50 min. Finally, although reduced, the ultrasonic decomposition of 1,4-dioxane was still significant at all frequencies in the presence of the hydroxyl radical scavenger bicarbonate.

['Dioxanes', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Iron', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Ultrasonics', 'Water Purification']

[['D03.383.188'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['H01.671.031.849'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']

Circulating prostacyclin and thromboxane levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation yet discovered. Thromboxane (TXA2) promotes aggregation and degranulation of platelets. It is hypothesized that an homeostasis exists between these pathways that is protective against vascular damage and is disturbed in several diseases such as diabetes. Circulating levels of PGI2-TXA2 in 35 patients with adult onset diabetes and 15 controls have been assayed. Twenty patients had background retinopathy, and 15 had proliferative retinopathy. Circulating levels of PGI were found to be elevated in 9/15 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2/20 diabetic patients with background or no retinopathy, and 0/15 controls. PGI levels may correlate, therefore, with the severity of the retinopathy.

['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Epoprostenol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostaglandins', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Thromboxanes']

[['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.800', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.800'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

The Tsukuba hypertensive mouse (transgenic mouse carrying human genes for both renin and angiotensinogen) as a model of human malignant hypertension: development of lesions and morphometric analysis.

The renin-angiotensin system has a pivotal role in hypertension. The Tsukuba hypertensive mouse (THM; a transgenic mouse carrying human genes for both renin and angiotensinogen) was generated to allow further examination of the renin-angiotensin system in a variety of pathologic conditions. We evaluated the development of renal lesions in these mice and in controls by morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Blood pressure was significantly higher in THM than in control mice; 1 year after birth, it was approximately 40 mmHg higher. The kidney-to-body weight ratio was also higher in THM than in control. Morphometrical analysis revealed that the glomerular sclerosis index was significantly elevated in THM with 10% of the glomeruli sclerotic at 18 months. The grade of vascular lesion and the frequency of fibronoid arteritis of the kidney exhibited the same tendency as the glomerular sclerosis index. Murine renin was located exclusively in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, whereas human renin was expressed not only in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, but also in periarteriolar smooth muscle cells and in mesangial and epithelial cells of the glomeruli. Light and electron microscopy revealed significant fibrinoid arteritis of the kidney in THM and also "onion skinning", both pathognomonic for malignant nephrosclerosis. THM may be an excellent model of human malignant hypertension.

['Animals', 'Arteritis', 'Blood Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endothelium', 'Female', 'Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Juxtaglomerular Apparatus', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Renin-Angiotensin System']

[['B01.050'], ['C14.907.940.090'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A10.272.491'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.660', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.520', 'A05.810.453.736.520.520'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Financial Toxicity of Cancer Care: It's Time to Intervene.

Evidence suggests that a considerably large proportion of cancer patients are affected by treatment-related financial harm. As medical debt grows for some with cancer, the downstream effects can be catastrophic, with a recent study suggesting a link between extreme financial distress and worse mortality. At least three factors might explain the relationship between extreme financial distress and greater risk of mortality: 1) overall poorer well-being, 2) impaired health-related quality of life, and 3) sub-par quality of care. While research has described the financial harm associated with cancer treatment, little has been done to effectively intervene on the problem. Long-term solutions must focus on policy changes to reduce unsustainable drug prices and promote innovative insurance models. In the mean time, patients continue to struggle with high out-of-pocket costs. For more immediate solutions, we should look to the oncologist and patient. Oncologists should focus on the value of care delivered, encourage patient engagement on the topic of costs, and be better educated on financial resources available to patients. For their part, patients need improved cost-related health literacy so they are aware of potential costs and resources, and research should focus on how patients define high-value care. With a growing list of financial side effects induced by cancer treatment, the time has come to intervene on the "financial toxicity" of cancer care.

['Communication', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Literacy', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Insurance, Health', 'Medicare', 'Neoplasms', 'Quality of Life', 'Stress, Psychological', 'United States']

[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['I02.233.332.186.500', 'L01.143.450.500', 'N02.421.726.407.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['C04'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Significance of MTG8 in leukemogenesis.

MTG8 is a counterpart gene of AML1 in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8:21) translocation. Most of the coding region of the MTG8 is fused with AML1 runt domain. In normal tissues, the MTG8 is highly expressed in brain, but not in hematopoietic tissues. MTG8 may be important in leukemogenesis as well as in AML1 truncation. The function of MTG8 is assumed to be as a transcription factor, because it possesses several features common to transcription factors; putative zinc finger motifs, serine/threonine/proline-rich sequences and a region similar to TAF110. In this paper, we report on the protein properties of the MTG8.

['Acute Disease', 'Brain', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Organ Specificity', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein', 'Transcription Factors', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Zinc Fingers']

[['C23.550.291.125'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.510', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.510'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.340', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.340'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.936', 'D12.776.930.780.625.575'], ['D12.776.930'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Biliary leak in a child after liver transplant and value of delayed images.

A 2-year-old child underwent liver transplant and was referred for postsurgical abdominal pain. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was performed and with the help of 24-hour delayed images, the diagnosis of biliary leak at the site of anastomosis was made possible. This case report confirms the value of delayed images to facilitate the diagnosis in unequivocal situations and reminds us of the usefulness of this noninvasive method, especially in pediatrics.

['Bile Duct Diseases', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid', 'Ultrasonography']

[['C06.130.120'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D02.241.081.583.400', 'D02.491.485.400', 'D02.691.825.445', 'D12.125.072.401.830'], ['E01.370.350.850']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Protein kinase-C in the human fetal adrenal gland.

The fetal zone (FZ) of the human fetal adrenal gland undergoes rapid growth and exhibits a high rate of steroidogenesis throughout fetal life. In addition to cAMP-dependent processes regulating steroidogenesis and possibly growth of the FZ, evidence is accumulating that cAMP-independent mechanisms are also involved. The purpose of this study was to determine if the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent stimulator of protein kinase-C activity, stimulates steroidogenesis in FZ cells and to characterize protein kinase-C activity in FZ, neocortex zone, and anencephalic adrenal tissues. Adrenal glands were obtained from first and second trimester abortions and two anencephalic fetuses. The FZ was dissected from the neocortex. In some experiments, dispersed FZ cells were incubated in the presence and absence of ACTH and TPA for 3 h. TPA and ACTH stimulated steroidogenesis 2- and 5-fold, respectively. In other experiments, the separated zones and anencephalic adrenal tissues were homogenized, and the homogenates were subjected to DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. A single peak with phospholipid- and calcium-dependent activity was found. Subcellular distribution studies demonstrated greatest activity in the cytosolic fraction. The specific activity of protein kinase-C was significantly greater in FZ than neocortex zone, whether expressed per mg protein or per microgram DNA content. The activity in anencephalic tissue was low. In addition, protein kinase-C (80,000-dalton molecular size protein) was detected in adrenal tissues after electrophoresis and immunoblotting using an antibody directed against protein kinase-C. Greater amounts of protein kinase-C were detected in FZ tissue than in NC or anencephalic adrenal tissue. These results indicate that the lower activities of protein kinase-C in neocortex and anencephalic adrenal tissues were due to low amounts of enzyme rather than inactive enzyme. In summary, TPA-stimulated steroidogenesis in fetal zone cells and fetal zone cells contained greater activity and a greater amount of protein kinase-C than neocortex cells. Minimal activity and enzyme protein were found in anencephalic tissues. These results suggest that cAMP-independent mechanisms may play a role in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis.

['Adrenal Cortex', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Cytosol', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnenolone', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Steroids', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']

[['A06.300.071.140'], ['A06.300.071'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.725', 'D06.472.040.585.745', 'D06.472.334.851.687.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D04.210.500'], ['A11.284.835'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Membranous structure of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.

The ultrastructure of the purified and lyophilized endotoxin from Escherichia coli O111 was observed by ultrathin sectioning. Onion-like globular membrane structures were observed in addition to rod-like and ribbon-like structures, indicating the existence of a globular membrane structure even in the dried state.

['Acetates', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Dialysis', 'Endotoxins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Ethanol', 'Freeze Drying', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Phenols', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Uranium', 'Water']

[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D01.268.271.100.950', 'D01.268.556.900', 'D01.496.749.305.100.950', 'D01.552.020.940', 'D01.552.544.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Arterial indices and serum cystatin C level in individuals with occupational wide band noise exposure.

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to noise is known to cause a wide range of health problems including extracellular matrix (ECM) proliferation and involvement of cardiovascular system. There are a few studies to investigate noise-induced vascular changes using noninvasive methods. In this study we used carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and aortic augmentation as indices of arterial properties and cystatin C as a serum biomarker relating to ECM metabolism.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three male participants were included in this study from aeronautic technicians: 39 with and 54 without a history of wide band noise (WBN) exposure. For better discrimination, the participants were divided into the two age groups: <40 and >40 years old. Adjusted aortic augmentation index (AI) for a heart rate equal to 75 beats per minute (AIx@HR75) were calculated using pulse wave analysis (PWA). CIMT was measured in 54 participants who accepted to undergo Doppler ultrasonography. Serum cystatin C was also measured.RESULTS: Among younger individuals the mean CIMT was 0.85 ± 0.09 mm and 0.75 ± 0.22 mm in the in the exposed and the control groups respectively. Among older individuals CIMT had a mean of 1.04 ± 0.22 mm vs. 1.00 ± 0.25 mm for the exposed vs. the control group. However, in both age groups the difference was not significant at the 0.05 level. A comparison of AIx@HR75 between exposure group and control group both in younger age group (5.46 ± 11.22 vs. 8.56 ± 8.66) and older age group (17.55 ± 10.07 vs. 16.61 ± 5.77) revealed no significant difference. We did not find any significant correlation between CIMT and AIx@HR75 in exposed group (r = 0.314, P value = 0.145) but the correlation was significant in control group (r = 0.455, P value = 0.019). Serum cystatin C level was significantly lower in individuals with WBN exposure compared to controls (441.10 ± 104.70 ng/L vs. 616.89 ± 136.14, P value < 0.001) both in younger and older groups.CONCLUSION: We could not find any evidence for the association of WBN exposure with arterial properties, but cystatin C was significantly lower in the exposed group.

['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aorta', 'Aviation', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cystatin C', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Noise, Occupational', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Pulse Wave Analysis', 'Risk Factors']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['J01.937.285'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.350.850.150', 'E01.370.370.180', 'G09.330.210'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.230.400.500', 'N06.850.460.610.526'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E01.370.370.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Treatment decision-making and its relation to the sense of coherence and the meaning of the disease in a group of patients with colorectal cancer.

UNLABELLED: The aims of the present study were to describe the preferred and the actual participating roles in treatment decision-making in relation to patients with newly diagnosed, colorectal cancer and to relate this result to the sociodemographic data, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and the patients' meaning of the disease. Eighty-six patients were studied. The following instruments were used: the Control Preferences Scale (CPS); the eight Lipowski categories of the meaning of the disease (LCMD); and the SOC. The results showed that 62% of the patients preferred a collaborative role and 28% a passive role in treatment decision-making. Agreement between the preferred and the actual participating roles was achieved by 44% of the patients. Seventy-one per cent of the patients showed an optimistic understanding of their disease. The mean SOC score was 150. There was no statistically significant difference between the CPS groups as regarded the sociodemographic data, the SOC and the LCMD.CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic data, the perceived meaning of the disease as well as the patients' sense of coherence were not related to the decision-making preferences in the investigated group of patients. Therefore, further investigations are needed to get an understanding of influencing factors of the decision-making preferences.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Participation', 'Patient Satisfaction']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Mesh fixation of the mesentery for treatment of volvulus and recurrent stomal prolapse.

Mesenteric mesh-pexy is indicated for permanent and quick-clean fixation of the intestine. It is applicable to the treatment of recurrent stomal prolapse and intestinal volvulus when the intestine is viable, but resection, less definitive treatment or an additional operation would pose increased risks to the patient. Mesenteric mesh-pexy may also be considered prophylactically for floppy cecum and severely redundant loops of sigmoid colon.

['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Mesentery', 'Methods', 'Pregnancy', 'Prolapse', 'Sigmoid Diseases', 'Surgical Mesh']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['E05.581'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C23.300.842'], ['C06.405.469.158.850'], ['E07.858.708']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Evaluation of preoperative complementary examination ordering].

The ordering of tests is often done in a systematical way. In spite of the studies which have proved that these tests are not useful, and despite the advice of the SFAR (1992) the ordering remains excessive, and is a source of expenses for the population. In that study we have done an evaluation for the ordering of preoperative tests in our structure and we have tried to see if the advice of the SFAR were followed, if they were sufficient to modify the habits of ordering the tests.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cost Control', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Female', 'Hospital Costs', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Preoperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Senegal']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.160'], ['E01.370.395'], ['N03.219.151.400.687', 'N03.219.262.500', 'N05.300.375.500'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.058.290.190.710']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Structural features of â-(1?4)-D-galactomannans of plant origin as a probe for â-(1?4)-mannanase polymeric substrate specificity.

Statistical modeling was applied for describing structural features of â-(1?4)-D-galactomannans. According to the model suggested theoretical ratios of limiting degrees of locust bean, tara gum and guar gum galactomannan conversions by two â-(1?4)-mannanases of different origin (Myceliophthora thermophila and Trichoderma reesei) were calculated. Then the enzymes were tested for enzymatic hydrolysis of three considered galactomannans. Experimentally observed results were compared with theoretically calculated ones. It was shown that T. reesei â-mannanase attacks sequences of four and more unsubstituted mannopyranosyl residues in a row, while M. thermophila â-mannanase is a more specific enzyme and attacks sequences of five and more mannopyranosyl residues in a row. Considered statistical model and approach allows to characterize both galactomannan structures and enzyme requirements for regions of unsubstituted mannose residues for substrate hydrolysis.

['Hydrolysis', 'Mannans', 'Plants', 'Sordariales', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Trichoderma', 'beta-Mannosidase']

[['G02.380'], ['D09.698.550'], ['B01.650'], ['B01.300.107.800'], ['G02.111.835'], ['B01.300.381.910'], ['D08.811.277.450.625.750']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Is diagnostic curettage harmful in women with unexplained infertility?

Diagnostic curettage as part of the investigation of the woman with unexplained infertility has not been considered a hazardous procedure. Two similar groups with unexplained primary infertility were examined laparoscopically: 53 patients had undergone diagnostic curettage as part of the investigation; 142 had not. None had an antecedent history suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease. The incidence of laparoscopically detected chronic pelvic inflammatory changes in both groups was compared and was found to be 50.9 and 13.4% respectively (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that diagnostic curettage may be more hazardous in women with unexplained infertility than was believed previously.

['Dilatation and Curettage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Laparoscopy', 'Pelvic Inflammatory Disease', 'Pregnancy']

[['E04.157.310', 'E04.950.300.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C01.635.500', 'C13.351.500.056.750'], ['G08.686.784.769']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Steady-state carbamazepine plasma concentration-dose ratios in epileptic patients.

The distribution of carbamazepine plasma concentration-dose ratio was studied in 322 samples from patients undergoing long term treatment. Data have been grouped according to: age--3 to 6, 7 to 9, 10 to 14, and above 15 years old; number of drugs used in the treatment--mono- and polytherapy; dose--less than or equal to 10, 10.1 to 14.9, 15 to 19.9, and greater than or equal to 20 mg/kg; and plasma concentration found--less than 4, 4 to 8, 8.1 to 12, and greater than 12 mg/L. From the results it is concluded that the carbamazepine concentration-dose ratio increases with age in children, but is less than in adults, is higher in monotherapy than in polytherapy, and decreases as the dose increases.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carbamazepine', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Mentally ill patients: viewed from 2 perspectives. A methodological contribution on attitudinal research in psychiatry].

The impact of the change in perspective (i.e. the personal opinion of those questioned versus what they perceive the others' opinion toward the mentally ill to be) on the results of the questionnaire is examined based on data from two population surveys measuring attitudes towards the mentally ill. As expected, the respondents' attitudes towards the mentally ill are more positive if they are asked to give their own opinion. The impact that the variation of the two formulations of these questions has on the respondents increases with their level of education and reaches a substantial amount among those with "Abitur". Furthermore, the answers are clearer and more definite if those questioned are asked for their personal opinion.

['Attitude to Health', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Educational Status', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Population Surveillance', 'Public Opinion', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['N01.824.196'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Synthesis, biological evaluation of 5-carbomethoxymethyl-7-hydroxy-2-pentylchromone, 5-carboethoxymethyl-4',7-dihydroxyflavone and their analogues.

In this letter, we describe the first synthesis of two recently isolated flavones 5-carbomethoxymethyl-7-hydroxy-2-pentylchromone (3a), 5-carboethoxymethyl-4',7-dihydroxyflavone (3b) and their derivatives (3c-t), evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against the tested microbial strains and some of these compounds were found to be more potent as compared to the standard drugs like neomycin and luteolin. Interestingly, some of these synthesized compounds also showed moderate antioxidant property.

['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Chromones', 'Flavones', 'Flavonoids', 'Microbial Viability', 'Molecular Structure', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']

[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G06.580'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Adriamycin in combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Eighteen (72%) of 25 evaluable and previously untreated patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia entered complete remission (CR) following induction therapy with adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone in a Southwest Oncology Group study. Remission maintenance therapy with methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine resulted in a median duration of CR of 10.2 months. The addition of Adriamycin to prednisone and vincristine may be beneficial in slow responders or nonresponders to these two drugs and in patients with initially high peripheral blood blast counts.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Male', 'Mercaptopurine', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisone', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Vincristine']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['D02.886.489.534', 'D03.633.100.759.570'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Cerebral oxygen desaturation in patients with totally thoracoscopic ablation for atrial fibrillation: A prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Epicardial radiofrequency ablation for stand-alone atrial fibrillation under total video-assisted thoracoscopy has gained popularity in recent years. However, severe cardiopulmonary disturbances during the surgery may affect cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. We therefore hypothesized that regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) would decrease significantly during the surgery. In addition, the influencing factors of rSO2 would be investigated.METHODS: A total of 60 patients scheduled for selective totally thoracoscopic ablation for stand-alone atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The rSO2 was monitored at baseline (T0), 15 min after anesthesia induction (T1), 15 minute after 1-lung ventilation (T2), after right pulmonary vein ablation (T3), after left pulmonary vein ablation (T4) and 15 minute after 2-lung ventilation (T5) using a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy -based cerebral oximeter. Arterial blood gas was analyzed using an ABL 825 hemoximeter. Associations between rSO2 and hemodynamic or blood gas parameters were determined with univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.RESULTS: The rSO2 decreased greatly from baseline 65.4% to 56.5% at T3 (P < .001). Univariate analyses showed that rSO2 correlated significantly with heart rate (r = -0.173, P = .186), mean arterial pressure (MAP, r = 0.306, P = .018), central venous pressure (r = 0.261, P = .044), arterial carbon dioxide tension (r = -0.336, P = .009), arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2, r = 0.522, P < .001), and base excess (BE, r = 0.316, P = .014). Multivariate linear regression analyses further showed that it correlated positively with PaO2 (â = 0.456, P < .001), MAP (â = 0.251, P = .020), and BE (â = 0.332, P = .003).CONCLUSION: Totally thoracoscopic ablation for atrial fibrillation caused a significant decrease in rSO2. There were positive correlations between rSO2 and PaO2, MAP, and BE.

['Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['E01.370.388.250.840.830', 'E01.370.388.250.950.830', 'E04.502.250.840.830', 'E04.502.250.950.830', 'E04.928.752.830']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']

Key KdSOC1 gene expression profiles during plantlet morphogenesis under hormone, photoperiod, and drought treatments.

Kalanchoe daigremontiana utilizes plantlet formation between its zigzag leaf margins as its method of asexual reproduction. In this study, K. daigremontiana SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (KdSOC1), a key intermediate in the transition from vegetative to asexual growth, was cloned. Furthermore, its expression profiles during plantlet formation under different environmental and hormone induction conditions were analyzed. The full-KdSOC1 cDNA sequence length was 1410 bp with 70% shared homology with Carya cathayensis SOC1. The conserved domain search of KdSOC1 showed the absence of I and C domains, which might indicate novel biological functions in K. daigremontiana. The full-KdSOC1 promoter sequence was 1401 bp long and contained multiple-hormone-responsive cis-acting elements. Hormone induction assays showed that gibberellins and salicylic acid mainly regulated KdSOC1 expression. The swift change from low to high KdSOC1 expression levels during long-day induction was accompanied by the rapid emergence of plantlets. Drought stress stimulated KdSOC1 expression in leaves both with and without plantlet formation. Together, the results suggested that KdSOC1 was closely involved in environmental stimulation signal perception and the transduction of K. daigremontiana plantlet formation. Therefore, future identification of KdSOC1 functions might reveal key information that will help elucidate the transition network between embryogenesis and organogenesis during plantlet formation.

['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Droughts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Kalanchoe', 'Light', 'MADS Domain Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Photoperiod', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Development', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reproduction, Asexual', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']

[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.249.249'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D12.776.260.400.249', 'D12.776.930.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G01.910.675'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G08.686.784.830'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Intramammary defense against infections induced by Escherichia coli in cows.

OBJECTIVE: To examine Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on expression of CD14 and CD18 cell surface receptors and lectin/carbohydrate-mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli.DESIGN: Cell isolation, monoclonal antibody, phagocytosis, and flow cytometric studies.ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal lactating Holstein cows for studies on CD14 and CD18, and 2 for phagocytosis studies.PROCEDURE: Binding of CD14 and CD18 monoclonal antibodies to blood and milk neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes was studied by flow cytometry before and after intramammary injection of LPS, and nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli by blood neutrophils was determined. Presence of intracellular CD14 was determined after in vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk and after fixation and permeabilization of freshly isolated neutrophils.RESULTS: Before LPS injection, percentages of blood neutrophils and large mononuclear (LMO) cells expressing CD14 averaged 3 and 63% and 68 and 35% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS injection, CD14 was only detected on blood and mammary LMO cells (61 and 25%); receptor expression increased by 1.8- and threefold, respectively. In vitro incubation of neutrophils in skimmed milk increased the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD14. The number of blood neutrophils staining positive for CD14 increased after permeabilization of the plasma membrane, which was blocked by unlabeled anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies. Before LPS, percentages of blood neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 averaged 93 and 95% and was 88 and 55% for mammary neutrophils and LMO cells, respectively. After LPS, percentages of mammary neutrophils and LMO cells expressing CD18 increased to 100 and 95%, respectively. Expression of CD18 was 2.6-fold higher for mammary neutrophils before injection of LPS, compared with blood neutrophils, either before or after LPS. In absence of opsonins, neutrophils with adherent and phagocytosed E coli averaged 83 and 14%.CONCLUSIONS: LPS modulated expression of CD14 and CD18 and lectin-carbohydrate interactions mediated nonopsonic phagocytosis of E coli. An intracellular pool of CD14 exists in bovine neutrophils and is capable of translocating to the cell surface.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Development of methods to maximize expression of CD14 receptors on mammary neutrophils involved in production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nonopsonic phagocytosis could result in reducing prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows.

['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'CD18 Antigens', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cattle', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Lactation', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lipopolysaccharide Receptors', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Milk', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Time Factors']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.249', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.100.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.249.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.118', 'D23.050.301.350.275.750', 'D23.101.100.894.118'], ['D09'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.100', 'D12.776.543.484.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.418.100', 'D12.776.543.750.705.045', 'D23.050.301.264.900.045', 'D23.101.100.900.045'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

"MitoTea": Geranium robertianum L. decoctions decrease blood glucose levels and improve liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Several chemical compounds found in plant products have proven to possess beneficial properties, being currently pointed out due to their pharmacological potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus complications. In this context, we studied the effect of Geranium robertianum L. (herb Robert) leaf decoctions in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that oral administration of G. robertianum leaf decoctions over a period of four weeks lowered the plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the treatment with G. robertianum extracts improved liver mitochondrial respiratory parameters (state 3, state 4 and FCCP-stimulated respiration) and increased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency.

['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Geranium', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']

[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.462.500'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Technology assessment of liver transplantation; a study of the liver transplantation program in Groningen 1977-1987].

The liver transplantation programme of the University Hospital of Groningen, the Netherlands, was evaluated on behalf of the Dutch Sick Fund Council. From 1978 to 1987 561 patients were put forward for liver transplantation (LTX). During this period, 76 orthotopic liver transplants were carried out, 8 of which were retransplantations. Survival proved to depend on, among other things, diagnosis and age. One-year survival was 100% in children with biliary atresia and 60% in other diagnosis and age groups. The number of life-years gained by LTX depends on the stage of disease. After LTX the quality of life improves quickly. One year after LTX most survivors experience a virtually normal quality of life. The need of LTX in the Netherlands was estimated to be in the range of 25 to 69 transplantations on an annual basis. The annual supply of donor livers is expected to be about adequate. Costs amount to approx. Hfl 250,000.--per transplanted patient including costs of follow-up for up to five years. The cost-effectiveness ratio for all forms of cirrhosis was estimated at Hfl 47,000.--to 133,000.--per life year gained. The results of this first technology assessment on liver transplantation proved relevant for clinicians as well as health politicians.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biliary Atresia', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Prognosis', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality of Life', 'Reoperation', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C06.130.120.123', 'C06.198.125', 'C16.131.314.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E04.690'], ['N02.421.911']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

[Expression of leukocytic adhesion molecules in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency].

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency is one of the main antibodies' deficiency syndromes.OBJECTIVE: To present the immunological study of a 29-year-old patient with common variable immunodeficiency who assisted to a check-up after being four years without treatment with gammaglobuline.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied a sample of peripheral blood and saliva of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency and that of a healthy patient (control). Assessment of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobuin M was performed by a simple radial immunodiffusion test, and immunoglobulin E by immunoassay. Immunophenotypic study of leukocytic subpopulations was done by citometry by using the following panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD3 (Leu-4), CD4 (Leu-3a), CD8 (Leu-2a), CD19 (Leu-12), CD14 (Leu-M3), CD11a (LFA-I), CD49d (VLA-4), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD31 (PECAM).RESULTS: It was found a significant reduction in most of the serum and secretory immunoglobulins, levels of unusual expression of integrines CD11a and CD31 in lymphocytes T related to the low percentage of activated lymphocytes T/memory.

['Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Blood', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Common Variable Immunodeficiency', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Male', 'Saliva']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['C20.673.330'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['A12.200.666']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Sequencing and genotypic analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) locus in a large sample of long-lived Germans.

BACKGROUND: Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a central and conserved glycolytic enzyme. In humans, TPI is encoded by a single gene on 12p13, and associated with a rare genetic disorder, TPI deficiency. Reduced TPI activity can increase specific oxidant resistances of model organisms and TPI null-alleles have been hypothesized to promote a heterozygote advantage in man. However, comprehensive genetic information about the TPI1 locus is still lacking.RESULTS: Here, we sequenced the TPI1 locus in a sample of 357 German long-lived individuals (LLI) aged 95 to 110 years. We identified 17 different polymorphisms, of which 15 were rare and previously unknown. The two remaining SNPs occurred at much higher frequency and were tested for association with the longevity phenotype in larger samples of LLI (n = 1422) and younger controls (n = 967). Neither of the two markers showed a statistically significant difference in allele or genotype frequency between LLI and control subjects.CONCLUSION: This study marks the TPI1 locus as extraordinarily conserved, even when analyzing intronic and non-coding regions of the gene. None of the identified sequence variations affected the amino acid composition of the TPI protein and hence, are unlikely to impact the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Thus, TPI variants occur less frequent than expected and inactive alleles are not enriched in German centenarians.

['Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Triose-Phosphate Isomerase']

[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.775']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Mutations in sdh (succinate dehydrogenase genes) alter the thiamine requirement of Salmonella typhimurium.

Mutants lacking the first enzyme in de novo purine synthesis (PurF) can synthesize thiamine if increased levels of pantothenate are present in the culture medium (J. L. Enos-Berlage and D. M. Downs, J. Bacteriol. 178:1476-1479, 1996). Derivatives of purF mutants that no longer required pantothenate for thiamine-independent growth were isolated. Analysis of these mutants demonstrated that they were defective in succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh), an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Results of phenotypic analyses suggested that a defect in Sdh decreased the thiamine requirement of Salmonella typhimurium. This reduced requirement correlated with levels of succinyl-coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA), which is synthesized in a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent reaction. The effect of succinyl-CoA on thiamine metabolism was distinct from the role of pantothenate in thiamine synthesis.

['Acyl Coenzyme A', 'Mutation', 'Pantothenic Acid', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'Succinates', 'Succinic Acid', 'Thiamine']

[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.382.300', 'D08.211.211.300', 'D13.695.667.138.382.300', 'D13.695.827.068.382.300'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.478.520', 'D12.125.042.070.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500'], ['D02.241.081.337.759'], ['D02.241.081.337.759.625'], ['D02.886.675.900', 'D03.383.129.708.900', 'D03.383.742.795']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Left ventricular aneurysm repair: a comparison of linear versus patch remodeling.

BACKGROUND: Surgical repair of left ventricular (LV) aneurysm has been performed for around 50 years. However, the most appropriate surgical approach remains undetermined. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of 2 established techniques, linear versus patch remodeling, for repair of dyskinetic LV aneurysms.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 49 patients (mean age, 69.8 +/- 7.3 years) who had operation for postinfarction dyskinetic LV aneurysm between 1996 and 2006. Thirty-one patients underwent patch remodeling and 18 underwent linear repair. Short-term and mid-term outcomes, including complications, cardiac function and mortality, were assessed.RESULTS: Overall inhospital surgical mortality, major complications and early hemodynamics showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. During a mean follow-up of 44.0 +/- 34.4 months, 8 patients died, with 4 due to cardiac-related causes. Actuarial survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 85.7%, 69.9% and 45.7%, respectively. Functional class improved from 2.51 +/- 0.59 to 1.66 +/- 0.54 among the mid-term survivors (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative NYHA functional class >or= 3 as an independent risk factor for overall mortality (p = 0.008). Mid-term follow-up revealed that LV ejection fraction improved from 26.5 +/- 7.2% to 34.1 +/- 7.9% (p < 0.001) in the patch group, and from 26.3 +/- 9.0% to 32.0 +/- 9.2% in the linear group (p = 0.032). In contrast, right ventricular ejection fraction improved from 49.4 +/- 10.1% to 52.0 +/- 7.3% (p = 0.190) in the patch group, but deteriorated from 55.0 +/- 6.3% to 50.3 +/- 8.6% in the linear group (p = 0.029).CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the 2 repair techniques have similar effectiveness with respect to short- and mid-term outcomes except for right ventricular ejection fraction. We suggest that the selection of repair technique for LV aneurysms should be individualized for each patient based on aneurysm size and extent of the scarring process into the septum and subvalvular mitral apparatus.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Aneurysm', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Survival Rate', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Function, Right']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280.358', 'C14.907.055.608'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['G09.330.955.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Acute and long-term results of slow pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia--an analysis of the predictive factors for arrhythmia recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Predictors of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) recurrence after radiofrequency ablation including the importance of residual slow pathway conduction are not known. The aim of this study was to report the acute and long-term results of slow pathway ablation in a large series of consecutive patients with AVNRT and to analyze the potential predictors of arrhythmia recurrence with a particular emphasis on the residual slow pathway conduction after ablation.METHODS: The study included 506 consecutive patients with AVNRT (mean age 52.6 +/- 16 years, 315 women) who underwent slow pathway ablation using a combined electrophysiological and anatomical approach. The end point of ablation procedure was noninducibility of the arrhythmia. The primary end point of the study was the recurrence of AVNRT.RESULTS: Acute success was achieved in 500 patients (98.8%). After ablation, 471 patients (93%) were followed up for a mean of 903 +/- 692 days. Of the 465 patients with successful ablation, 24 patients (5.2%) developed AVNRT recurrences during the follow-up. No significant differences in the cumulative rates of AVNRT recurrence were observed in groups with or without electrophysiological evidence of residual slow pathway conduction (P = 0.25, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis identified only age as an independent predictor of AVNRT recurrence (hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.94-0.99, P = 0.004) with younger patients being at an increased risk for arrhythmia recurrence.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that only younger age, but not other clinical or electrophysiological parameters including residual slow pathway conduction predicted an increased risk for AVNRT recurrence after slow pathway radiofrequency ablation.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Child', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Recurrence', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C14.280.067.845.787.249', 'C14.280.123.875.787.249', 'C23.550.073.845.787.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']

Usefulness of targeting lymphocyte Kv1.3-channels in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

T lymphocytes predominantly express delayed rectifier K(+)-channels (Kv1.3) in their plasma membranes. Patch-clamp studies revealed that the channels play crucial roles in facilitating the calcium influx necessary to trigger lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Using selective channel inhibitors in experimental animal models, in vivo studies further revealed the clinically relevant relationship between the channel expression and the development of chronic respiratory diseases, in which chronic inflammation or the overstimulation of cellular immunity in the airways is responsible for the pathogenesis. In chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis, in addition to the supportive management for the symptoms, the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics were shown to be effective against the over-activation or proliferation of T lymphocytes. Recently, we provided physiological and pharmacological evidence that macrolide antibiotics, together with calcium channel blockers, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, effectively suppress the Kv1.3-channel currents in lymphocytes, and thus exert anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects. In this review article, based on the findings obtained from recent in vivo and in vitro studies, we address the novel therapeutic implications of targeting the lymphocyte Kv1.3-channels for the treatment of chronic or acute respiratory diseases.

['Animals', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Humans', 'Kv1.3 Potassium Channel', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrolides', 'Potassium Channel Blockers', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases']

[['B01.050'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.217', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.358', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.217'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['D27.505.519.562.500', 'D27.505.954.411.645'], ['C08']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis.

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor occurred in a newborn. The tumor presented with testicular torsion, and no malformations were observed. The karyotype was normal. The occurrence of initial tumoral lesions in the seminiferous tubules located in the vicinity of the tumor suggests that the tumor originated from immature Sertoli's cells. To our knowledge, this is the tenth case reported in a newborn and the second associated with testicular torsion.

['Granulosa Cell Tumor', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Testicular Neoplasms']

[['C04.557.475.750.656', 'C04.588.322.455.398', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.398', 'C13.351.937.418.685.398', 'C19.344.410.398', 'C19.391.630.705.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

A male incumbent worker industrial database. Part III: Lumbar/cervical functional testing.

STUDY DESIGN: A group of 160 incumbent male railroad workers was administered a battery of isokinetic and isoinertial lumbar/cervical lifting tests that served as a paradigm for whole-person functional testing of manual handling tasks.RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the workers' performance was near normal or somewhat above population averages according to previously derived heterogeneous normative samples. However, there were some differences among the four laboring crafts that made up the present incumbent worker sample.CONCLUSIONS: The implications of these differences are discussed.

['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Databases, Factual', 'Humans', 'Industry', 'Lifting', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Occupations', 'Physical Examination', 'Railroads', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reference Values']

[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576'], ['G01.374.669'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['N01.824.547'], ['E01.370.600'], ['J01.937.690'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.978.810']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Involvement of globus pallidus and midbrain nuclei in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: measurement of T2 and T2* time.

PURPOSE: To quantify involvement of globus pallidus and two midbrain nuclei (substantia nigra and red nucleus) in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN).MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed T2 and T2* weighted imaging with calculation of the corresponding relaxation times on a subset of 5 patients from a larger group of 20 patients with PKAN from the southwest part of the Dominican Republic. Examinations were carried out on a 3T scanner and included a multi-echo spin-echo as well as a multi-echo gradient echo sequence. Results were compared to a control group of 19 volunteers.RESULTS: T2 and T2* weighted sequences showed abnormal signal reduction in the globus pallidus of all patients. On T2* weighted imaging, abnormal signal in the substantia nigra could reliably be detected in 75% of cases, but differentiation from normal was less reliable in T2 weighted scans. Correspondingly, relaxation times differed from normal with very high significance (p < 0.0001) in the globus pallidus, but with with less significance in the substantia nigra (p ? 0.03). The red nucleus was not affected.CONCLUSIONS: Signal reduction in the globus pallidus, which probably is due to abnormal accumulation of iron, is severe in PKAN and can be differentiated from normal with high reliability. The substantia nigra is affected to a lesser degree, and the red nucleus is not involved. The reason for this selective susceptibility of normally iron-rich brain structures for pathological accumulation of iron remains speculative. Our quantitative results might be helpful to assess the value of an iron chelation approach to therapy.

['Adolescent', 'Female', 'Globus Pallidus', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mesencephalon', 'Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['C10.228.140.079.800', 'C10.228.140.744.320', 'C10.228.662.575', 'C10.574.500.700', 'C16.320.400.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Vaccination of children in 1999].

Childhood immunization programs are regularly reevaluated to take into account epidemiologic changes in the diseases covered by the vaccines as well as the development of new vaccines. Among the significant additions brought in Belgium to the childhood immunization program in recent years are immunization against hepatitis B during infancy, as well as the administration of a second dose of measle-mumps-rubella vaccine around the age of 12 years. The switch to inactivated polio vaccine will be proposed until the eradication of this disease which is expected in a few years. Combination vaccines including all injectable vaccines recommended for administration during the first year of life including acellular pertussis are in their final stage of development.

['Belgium', 'Child', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Vaccines', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Immunization, Secondary', 'Infant', 'Measles Vaccine', 'Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine', 'Mumps Vaccine', 'Pertussis Vaccine', 'Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated', 'Rubella Vaccine', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Combined']

[['Z01.542.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D20.215.894.899.955.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.485', 'E05.478.550.550'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D20.215.894.899.404'], ['D20.215.894.815.500', 'D20.215.894.899.404.500', 'D20.215.894.899.488.500', 'D20.215.894.899.779.500'], ['D20.215.894.899.488'], ['D20.215.894.135.535'], ['D20.215.894.830.614', 'D20.215.894.899.623.500'], ['D20.215.894.899.779'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.815']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Chaetocin reactivates the lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus from latency via reactive oxygen species.

Oxidative stress, regarded as a negative effect of free radicals in vivo, takes place when organisms suffer from harmful stimuli. Some viruses can induce the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells, which may be closely related with their pathogenicity. In this report, chaetocin, a fungal metabolite reported to have antimicrobial and cytostatic activity, was studied for its effect on the activation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in B95-8 cells. We found that chaetocin remarkably up-regulated EBV lytic transcription and DNA replication at a low concentration (50 nmol L-1). The activation of latent EBV was accompanied by an increased cellular ROS level. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS inhibitor, suppressed chaetocin-induced EBV activation. Chaetocin had little effect on histone H3K9 methylation, while NAC also significantly reduced H3K9 methylation. These results suggested that chaetocin reactivates latent EBV primarily via ROS pathways.

['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Blotting, Western', 'Callithrix', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Histones', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Lysine', 'Methylation', 'NADH Dehydrogenase', 'Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Piperazines', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Trans-Activators', 'Virus Activation', 'Virus Latency', 'Virus Replication']

[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.150.114'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['D08.811.682.608.504.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863.500', 'D12.776.331.887', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140.500'], ['D08.811.682.732.925'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G06.920.925.940'], ['G06.920.900'], ['G06.920.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

The trichrome-stained smear as a screening method for intestinal parasites: evaluation in a San Francisco Bay Area population.

The trichrome-stained smear and the formalin-ether concentrate were compared for detecting and identifying intestinal parasites. Using both methods, 15,414 outpatient and inpatient specimens were examined. Of 2,773 intestinal parasites recovered, 2,633 (94.9%) were protozoa. The trichrome-stained smear detected 97.0% of the intestinal protozoa and 38.9% of intestinal helminths. We conclude that, in geographic areas where protozoan infections are more common, the trichrome-stained smear alone may be used as a screening method for intestinal parasites if personnel are trained to recognize helminth eggs and larvae in the trichrome-stained smear.

['Azo Compounds', 'Coloring Agents', 'Eosine Yellowish-(YS)', 'Ethers', 'Feces', 'Formaldehyde', 'Helminthiasis', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Methyl Green', 'Protozoan Infections', 'Staining and Labeling']

[['D02.172'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.325', 'D03.633.300.953.275.325', 'D04.711.347.325'], ['D02.355'], ['A12.459'], ['D02.047.407'], ['C01.610.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['D02.092.146.475'], ['C01.610.752'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Long-term succinylcholine infusion during isoflurane anesthesia.

The characteristics of the neuromuscular blockade produced by prolonged succinylcholine infusion were compared in 40 patients anesthetized with either nitrous-oxide-isoflurane (0.75-1.50% inspired) or nitrous-oxide-fentanyl. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored using train-of-four stimulation and the infusion rate was adjusted to keep the first twitch at 10-15% of its control value. Initially, all patients exhibited a depolarizing-type block, and the infusion rates were similar in the isoflurane (61 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) and fentanyl (57 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) groups. Tachyphylaxis developed in both groups and correlated well with the onset of non-depolarizing (phase II) block. Both occurred sooner and at a lower cumulative dose in the isoflurane groups. After 90 min, infusion rates were similar in both groups (isoflurane: 107 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, fentanyl;: 93 micrograms. kg-1 . min-1). After the infusion was stopped, the recovery of the train-of-four ratio was inversely related to the dose and duration of exposure to succinylcholine, and was slower with nitrous-oxide-isoflurane anesthesia. After 10 min of recovery, patients receiving isoflurane exhibited train-of-four ratios of 0.5 or less after 8.5 mg/kg succinylcholine and 103 min. Corresponding figures for fentanyl patients were 13 mg/kg and 171 min. The block in all 13 patients (eight with isoflurane, five with fentanyl) who did not recover spontaneously was antagonized successfully with atropine and neostigmine. It was concluded that with succinylcholine infusion of 90 min or less, isoflurane accelerates the onset of tachyphylaxis and phase II neuromuscular block without affecting succinylcholine requirements. These results, with isoflurane, were similar to those reported previously with enflurane or halothane.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Drug Interactions', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Humans', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Succinylcholine', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Tachyphylaxis']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.197.197'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.355.601.570'], ['D02.355.601'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.780', 'D02.241.081.337.759.875', 'D02.675.276.232.780'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['G07.690.773.992.910', 'G12.535.425.910']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Control and estimation of anaerobic digestion processes using hydrogen and volatile fatty acids measurements.

The anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is widely used in the treatment of waste and wastewater. To ensure the treatment efficiency and to increase the production of biogas, which can be reused as a renewable energy source, a good understanding of the process and tight control are needed. This paper presents an estimation and control scheme, which can be successfully used in the operation of the AD process. The process is simulated by the ADM1 model, the most complex and detailed model developed so far to characterize AD. The controller and the observer, which provides estimates of the unmeasurable variables needed in the computation of the control law, are designed based on a simplified model developed in a previous work. Since it has been shown that hydrogen concentration is an accurate and fast indicator of process stability, it was chosen as controlled variable. Aside from the hydrogen concentration, the only measurement employed by the proposed control structure is the volatile fatty acids concentration. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control structure.

['Anaerobiosis', 'Biofuels', 'Bioreactors', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Hydrogen', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']

[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D10.251.400'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Characterization of murine cytomegalovirus m157 from infected cells and identification of critical residues mediating recognition by the NK cell receptor Ly49H.

Activated NK cells mediate potent cytolytic and secretory effector functions and are vital components of the early antiviral immune response. NK cell activities are regulated by the assortment of inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC class I ligands expressed on healthy cells and activating receptors that recognize inducible host ligands or ligands that are not well characterized. The activating Ly49H receptor of mouse NK cells is unique in that it specifically recognizes a virally encoded ligand, the m157 glycoprotein of murine CMV (MCMV). The Ly49H-m157 interaction underlies a potent resistance mechanism (Cmv1) in C57BL/6 mice and serves as an excellent model in which to understand how NK cells are specifically activated in vivo, as similar receptor systems are operative for human NK cells. For transduced cells expressing m157 in isolation and for MCMV-infected cells, we show that m157 is expressed in multiple isoforms with marked differences in abundance between infected fibroblasts (high) and macrophages (low). At the cell surface, m157 is exclusively a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-associated protein in MCMV-infected cells. Through random and site-directed mutagenesis of m157, we identify unique residues that provide for efficient cell surface expression of m157 but fail to activate Ly49H-expressing reporter cells. These m157 mutations are predicted to alter the conformation of a putative m157 interface with Ly49H, one that relies on the position of a critical alpha0 helix of m157. These findings support an emerging model for a novel interaction between this important NK cell receptor and its viral ligand.

['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Ly', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Glycoproteins', 'Glycosylphosphatidylinositols', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Muromegalovirus', 'Mutation', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like', 'Viral Proteins']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.920', 'D23.101.100.920'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G05.308.385'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D09.400.410.475', 'D10.390.475', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.250'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['B04.280.382.150.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.100', 'D23.050.301.264.920.500', 'D23.101.100.920.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800'], ['D12.776.964']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Multiple sensitive periods in the development of the primate visual system.

Early in life, abnormal visual experience may disrupt the developmental processes required for the maturation and maintenance of normal visual function. The effects of retinal image deprivation (monocular form deprivation) on four psychophysical functions were investigated in rhesus monkeys to determine if the sensitive period is of the same duration for all types of visual information processing. The basic spectral sensitivity functions of rods and cones have relatively short sensitive periods of development (3 and 6 months) when compared to more complex functions such as monocular spatial vision or resolution (25 months) and binocular vision (greater than 25 months). Therefore, there are multiple, partially overlapping sensitive periods of development and the sensitive period for each specific visual function is probably different.

['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Sensory Deprivation', 'Space Perception', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Perception']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['F02.463.593.696'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['F02.463.593.932']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

In vitro evaluation of sustained ciprofloxacin release from ê-carrageenan-crosslinked chitosan/hydroxyapatite hydrogel nanocomposites.

Although the traditional hydrogels have shown great potential applications in designing drug delivery systems, the burst release of drugs remains an issue. In this work, we develop and evaluate a sustained release of ciprofloxacin using chitosan/hydroxyapatite/ê-carrageenan complexes. The size and structure of HA nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmittance electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The ciprofloxacin-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Due to the introduced HA, the release of ciprofloxacin occurred in a sustained release manner. While the pristine chitosan/ê-carrageenan complex released about 98% of ciprofloxacin during 120 h, only 52 and 66% of the loaded drug was released from hydrogel nanocomposites containing high and low content of HA, respectively. The sustained release of ciprofloxacin from the hydrogel nanocomposites identifies them as a potential candidate for designing drug delivery systems with prolonged release ability.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Carrageenan', 'Chitosan', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Drug Liberation', 'Durapatite', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogels', 'Kinetics', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Nanocomposites', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'X-Ray Diffraction']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D09.698.152'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Extensive lesions of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons do not impair spatial working memory.

A recent study suggests that lesions to all major areas of the cholinergic basal forebrain in the rat (medial septum, horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, and nucleus basalis magnocellularis) impair a spatial working memory task. However, this experiment used a surgical technique that may have damaged cerebellar Purkinje cells. The present study tested rats with highly selective lesions of cholinergic neurons in all major areas of the basal forebrain on a spatial working memory task in the radial arm maze. In postoperative testing, there were no significant differences between lesion and control groups in working memory, even with a delay period of 8 h, with the exception of a transient impairment during the first 2 d of postoperative testing at shorter delays (0 or 2 h). This finding corroborates other results that indicate that the cholinergic basal forebrain does not play a significant role in spatial working memory. Furthermore, it underscores the presence of intact memory functions after cholinergic basal forebrain damage, despite attentional impairments that follow these lesions, demonstrated in other task paradigms.

['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Cholinergic Fibers', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Neurons', 'Prosencephalon', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Space Perception']

[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.127.500', 'A08.675.542.234', 'A11.671.188.500', 'A11.671.501.234'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['F02.463.593.778']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

A critical coiled coil motif in the small terminase, gp16, from bacteriophage T4: insights into DNA packaging initiation and assembly of packaging motor.

Double-stranded DNA packaging in bacteriophages is driven by one of the most powerful force-generating molecular motors reported to date. The phage T4 motor is composed of the small terminase protein, gpl6 (18kDa), the large terminase protein, gp17 (70kDa), and the dodecameric portal protein gp20 (61kDa). gp16, which exists as an oligomer in solution, is involved in the recognition of the viral DNA substrate, the very first step in the DNA packaging pathway, and stimulates the ATPase and packaging activities associated with gp17. Sequence analyses using COILS2 revealed the presence of coiled coil motifs (CCMs) in gp16. Sixteen T4-family and numerous phage small terminases show CCMs in the corresponding region of the protein, suggesting a common structural and functional theme. Biochemical properties such as reversible thermal denaturation and analytical gel filtration data suggest that the central CCM-1 is critical for oligomerization of gp16. Mutations in CCM-1 that change the hydrophobicity of key residues, or pH 6.0, destabilized coiled coil interactions, resulting in a loss of gp16 oligomerization. The gp16 oligomers are in a dynamic equilibrium with lower M(r) intermediate species and monomer. Monomeric gp16 is unable to stimulate gp17-ATPase, an activity essential for DNA packaging, while conversion back into oligomeric form restored the activity. These data for the first time defined a CCM that is critical for structure and function of the small terminase. We postulate a packaging model in which the gp16 CCM is implicated in the regulation of packaging initiation and assembly of a supramolecular DNA packaging machine on the viral concatemer.

['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacteriophage T4', 'DNA Packaging', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Endodeoxyribonucleases', 'Gene Expression', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Motor Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Assembly']

[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B04.123.150.500.350', 'B04.123.205.891.200', 'B04.280.090.500.350'], ['G04.400', 'G05.213'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325'], ['G05.297'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D05.500.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925.950']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Stratified cylindrical epithelium of the human urethra. Apropos of various cytological observations on urocytograms].

The stratified columnar cells of the human urethra were studied by the filtering membrane technique in urocytograms usually effected, or in smears made after a cytoscopy or after an ejaculation. The cells were present in 61% of systematic filters without inflammation, in 82% of inflammatory filters, and in the urine of 90% of persons after a cytoscopy. The mean number of columnar cells did not exceed 1% in usual filters without inflammation; the percentage varied with the donor sex, but it did not show a significant variation with the donor age. The presence of an inflammation in filters is followed by an increase of the number of columnar cells (until 6%) and of clumps. The columnar cells were numerous in the bladder-washing liquid postcytoscopy (until 40%); their number rapidly decreased in further filters and became to nil between days 7 and 9 after the cytoscopy. The cell clumps showed the same evolution, but they disappeared in filters more rapidly. The significance of these results is discussed.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Ejaculation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Urethra', 'Urethritis']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G08.686.784.084'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C12.777.767.851', 'C13.351.968.767.851']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Vaccination with p53 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells is associated with disease stabilization in patients with p53 expressing advanced breast cancer; monitoring of serum YKL-40 and IL-6 as response biomarkers.

p53 Mutations are found in up to 30% of breast cancers and peptides derived from over-expressed p53 protein are presented by class I HLA molecules and may act as tumor-associated epitopes in cancer vaccines. A dendritic cell (DC) based p53 targeting vaccine was analyzed in HLA-A2+ patients with progressive advanced breast cancer. DCs were loaded with 3 wild-type and 3 P2 anchor modified HLA-A2 binding p53 peptides. Patients received up to 10 sc vaccinations with 5 x 10(6) p53-peptide loaded DC with 1-2 weeks interval. Concomitantly, 6 MIU/m(2) interleukine-2 was administered sc. Results from a phase II trial including 26 patients with verified progressive breast cancer are presented. Seven patients discontinued treatment after only 2-3 vaccination weeks due to rapid disease progression or death. Nineteen patients were available for first evaluation after 6 vaccinations; 8/19 evaluable patients attained stable disease (SD) or minor regression while 11/19 patients had progressive disease (PD), indicating an effect of p53-specific immune therapy. This was supported by: (1) a positive correlation between p53 expression of tumor and observed SD, (2) therapy induced p53 specific T cells in 4/7 patients with SD but only in 2/9 patients with PD, and (3) significant response associated changes in serum YKL-40 and IL-6 levels identifying these biomarkers as possible candidates for monitoring of response in connection with DC based cancer immunotherapy. In conclusion, a significant fraction of breast cancer patients obtained SD during p53-targeting DC therapy. Data encourage initiation of a randomized trial in p53 positive patients evaluating the impact on progression free survival.

['Adipokines', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cancer Vaccines', 'Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lectins', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Vaccination']

[['D06.472.699.042', 'D12.644.276.024', 'D12.644.548.011', 'D12.776.467.024', 'D23.529.024'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D20.215.894.200'], ['D08.811.277.450.207.500', 'D12.776.503.070'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.776.503'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

[The problem with endoleakage in endoluminal therapy].

Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms with stent grafts was performed increasingly in recent years. The most frequent complication after endovascular therapy of aortic aneurysms is an endoleak. In case of a persistent endoleak, diameter of the aneurysm is increasing with a high risk of aneurysm rupture. Diagnostic tools are spiral computed tomography and angiography. Spiral computed tomography is the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of an endoleak ad should be performed with a biphasic acquisition. In- and outflow of sidebranches can be identified correctly with selective angiography in 86%. Perigraft endoleaks should be treated in any case. Patent side branches generally are observed over a period of 6 months. After 6 months approximately half of these endoleaks are thrombosed. Is there an increasing of the diameter of the aneurysm or any changing in the morphology of the aneurysm there is an indication for embolisation of these sidebranches of the aneurysmal sac. Preinterventional embolisation of patent sidebranches is under discussion. Type I endoleaks can be managed by additional stent-graft implantation or coil embolisation. In case of type II endoleaks in- ad outflow vessles should be embolised with coils. Therapy of type III endoleak is performed mostly by additional stent-graft placement. The total incidence of secondary interventions in the Eurostar-study was nearly 10% per year.

['Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortography', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Reoperation', 'Stents', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Failure']

[['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.070', 'E01.370.370.050.070'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E04.690'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Negative regulation of bovine growth hormone gene by YY1 binding to NRE's.

We have previously demonstrated the presence of three negative regulatory elements (NRE1, 2, and 3) in the upstream region of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene, whose sequences are similar to the binding elements of transcription factor YY1. The recombinant human YY1 protein indeed bound to these three NRE's in vitro, among which NRE1 is the strongest binding element. Both HeLa and rat pituitary GH3 nuclear extracts contained protein which caused the same retardation as YY1 binding in gel mobility shift assay. The specific band retarded by HeLa and GH3 nuclear extracts was competed out efficiently by a known YY1 binding element. Addition of antibodies against YY1 in the binding reaction produced a distinct supershifted band and/or caused reduction in the YY1-specific band. When the recombinant plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the bGH promoter were introduced together with the expression vector for YY1 into HeLa cells, the expression of the bGH promoter decreased with increasing amount of cotransfecting YY1 expression vector. These results demonstrate that YY1 or its very close homolog negatively regulates bGH expression via binding to NRE's.

['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cattle', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Growth Hormone', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'YY1 Transcription Factor']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.260.235', 'D12.776.930.216'], ['G05.308'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.260.235.875', 'D12.776.930.216.875']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Could clinical decision rules relying on cardiovascular risk models increase psychosocial inequalities in health? Results from the PRIME cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Guidelines on cardiovascular prevention relying on common cardiovascular risk scoring could result in delayed drug therapy for patients with low psychosocial status because of underestimation of true cardiovascular risk. We aimed to assess the potential delay in drug therapy for subjects with adverse psychosocial factors.METHOD: The study population consisted of 6185 French men from the PRIME (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction) cohort study (1991-2003). The number of extra years to reach a risk threshold for subjects without adverse psychosocial factor compared to subject with adverse psychosocial factor was estimated using a coronary risk model including biomedical factors and a psychosocial variable (education, occupation, living conditions or a depression score).RESULTS: Coronary risk was significantly higher only for subjects with a high depression score (odds ratio=1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.72) or low educational attainment (odds ratio=1.39; 95% confidence interval=1.07, 1.81). For a given risk threshold, subjects with high depression scores were 4.5 years (95% confidence interval=0.0, 15.4 years) younger than subjects with low depression scores. The age difference was 4.1 years (95% confidence interval=-0.5, 15.8 years) between subjects with low and high educational attainment.CONCLUSION: Clinical decision rules relying on classic cardiovascular risk scoring could result in delayed drug therapy for patients with depression or low educational attainment.

['Age Factors', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Decision Making', 'Depression', 'France', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Risk Assessment', 'Social Class', 'Time Factors']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Application of SAS macro to evaluated multiplicative and additive interaction in logistic and Cox regression in clinical practices].

Conditional logistic regression analysis and unconditional logistic regression analysis are commonly used in case control study, but Cox proportional hazard model is often used in survival data analysis. Most literature only refer to main effect model, however, generalized linear model differs from general linear model, and the interaction was composed of multiplicative interaction and additive interaction. The former is only statistical significant, but the latter has biological significance. In this paper, macros was written by using SAS 9.4 and the contrast ratio, attributable proportion due to interaction and synergy index were calculated while calculating the items of logistic and Cox regression interactions, and the confidence intervals of Wald, delta and profile likelihood were used to evaluate additive interaction for the reference in big data analysis in clinical epidemiology and in analysis of genetic multiplicative and additive interactions.

['Case-Control Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Survival Analysis']

[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Socioeconomic differences in the burden of disease in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyse how much of the total burden of disease in Sweden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is a result of inequalities in health between socioeconomic groups. We also sought to determine how this unequal burden is distributed across different disease groups and socioeconomic groups.METHODS: Our analysis used data from the Swedish Burden of Disease Study. We studied all Swedish men and women in three age groups (15-44, 45-64, 65-84) and five major socioeconomic groups. The 18 disease and injury groups that contributed to 65% of the total burden of disease were analysed using attributable fractions and the slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality.FINDINGS: About 30% of the burden of disease among women and 37% of the burden among men is a differential burden resulting from socioeconomic inequalities in health. A large part of this unequally distributed burden falls on unskilled manual workers. The largest contributors to inequalities in health for women are ischaemic heart disease, depression and neurosis, and stroke. For men, the largest contributors are ischaemic heart disease, alcohol addiction and self-inflicted injuries.CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use socioeconomic differences, measured by socioeconomic position, to assess the burden of disease using DALYs. We found that in Sweden one-third of the burden of the diseases we studied is unequally distributed. Studies of socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of disease that take both mortality and morbidity into account can help policy-makers understand the magnitude of inequalities in health for different disease groups.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cost of Illness', 'Depression', 'Disabled Persons', 'Disease', 'Female', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Social Class', 'Sweden']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['M01.150'], ['C23.550.288'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Multisite effectiveness trials of treatments for substance abuse and co-occurring problems: have we chosen the best designs?

Multisite effectiveness trials such as those carried out in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) are a critical step in the development and dissemination of evidence-based treatments because they address how such treatments perform in real-world clinical settings. As Brigham et al. summarized in a recent article (G. S. Brigham, D. J. Feaster, P. G. Wakim, & C. L. Dempsey C. L., 2009), several possible experimental designs may be chosen for such effectiveness trials. These include (a) a new treatment intervention (Tx) is compared to an existing mode of community based treatment as usual (TAU): Tx versus TAU; (b) a new intervention is added to TAU and compared to TAU alone: Tx + TAU versus TAU; or (c) a new intervention is added to TAU and compared to a control condition added to TAU: Tx + TAU versus control + TAU. Each of these designs addresses a different question and has different potential strengths and weaknesses. As of December 2009, the primary outcome paper had been published for 16 of the multisite randomized clinical trials conducted in the CTN, testing various treatments for drug abuse, HIV risk behavior, or related problems. This paper systematically examines, for each of the completed trials, the experimental design type chosen and its original rationale, the main findings of the trial, and the strengths and weaknesses of the design in hindsight. Based on this review, recommendations are generated to inform the design of future effectiveness trials on treatments for substance abuse, HIV risk, and other behavioral health problems.

['Community Health Services', 'Comparative Effectiveness Research', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Information Dissemination', 'National Institute on Drug Abuse (U.S.)', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Research Design', 'Substance Abuse Treatment Centers', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']

[['N02.421.143'], ['H01.770.644.145.360.500', 'N05.425.157'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.143.443'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.485', 'N03.540.052.750.485', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.485'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['N02.278.035.128.800', 'N02.278.808.930'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Expression of platelet-bound stromal cell-derived factor-1 in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease.

AIMS: Blood cell infiltration and inflammation are involved in atrial remodelling during atrial fibrillation (AF) although the exact mechanisms of inflammatory cell recruitment remain poorly understood. Platelet-bound stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is increased in cases of ischemic myocardium and regulates recruitment of CXCR4(+) cells on the vascular wall. Whether platelet-bound SDF-1 expression is differentially influenced by non-valvular paroxysmal or permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been reported so far.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1291 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. Among the patients with SAP, platelet-bound-SDF-1 is increased in patients with paroxysmal AF compared with SR or to persistent/permanent AF (P < 0.05 for both). Platelet-bound SDF-1 correlated with plasma SDF-1 (r = 0.488, P = 0.013) in patients with AF and ACS, which was more pronounced among patients with persistent AF (r = 0.842, P = 0.009). Plasma SDF-1 was increased in persistent/permanent AF compared with SR. Patients with ACS presented with enhanced platelet-bound-SDF-1 compared with SAP. Interestingly, among patients with ACS, patients with paroxysmal or persistent/permanent AF presented with an impaired platelet-bound SDF-1 expression compared with patients with SR.CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of platelet-bound and plasma SDF-1 was observed in patients with AF compared with SR which may be involved in progenitor cell mobilization and inflammatory cell recruitment in patients with AF and ischemic heart disease. Further in vivo studies are required to elucidate the role of SDF-1 in atrial remodeling and the atrial fibrillation course.

['Angina, Stable', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Movement', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Stem Cells']

[['C14.280.647.187.362', 'C14.907.585.187.362', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.575'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.600', 'D23.125.300.120.600', 'D23.469.200.120.600', 'D23.529.374.200.120.600'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['A11.872']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Ultrasonographic assessment of colonic wall in moderate-severe ulcerative colitis: comparison with endoscopic findings.

BACKGROUND: Bowel ultrasound has been shown to be a useful tool to evaluate patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease. However, such data are still scarce in ulcerative colitis patients.AIMS: To establish the value of bowel ultrasound in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis patients, and compare these data with endoscopic findings.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Endoscopic, ultrasound and C-reactive protein data from 51 patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis observed during a 3-year period were retrospectively obtained and analysed.RESULTS: All patients displayed pathological thickness (>4 mm) of the colon wall. This value strongly correlated with C-reactive protein values (p=0.0001) and the endoscopic score (p<0.0001). Also, a strong correlation (p<0.0001) was found between CRP values and endoscopic score.CONCLUSIONS: Bowel ultrasound, in expert hands, may represent a useful adjunctive (or first line) tool for the evaluation of patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Colon', 'Colonoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Acid-Labile Amphiphilic PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO Copolymers: Degradable Poloxamer Analogs.

Poly ((ethylene oxide)-b-(propylene oxide)-b-(ethylene oxide)) triblock copolymers commonly known as poloxamers or Pluronics constitute an important class of nonionic, biocompatible surfactants. Here, a method is reported to incorporate two acid-labile acetal moieties in the backbone of poloxamers to generate acid-cleavable nonionic surfactants. Poly(propylene oxide) is functionalized by means of an acetate-protected vinyl ether to introduce acetal units. Three cleavable PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Mn,total = 6600, 8000, 9150 g·mol(-1) ; Mn,PEO = 2200, 3600, 4750 g·mol(-1) ) have been synthesized using anionic ring-opening polymerization. The amphiphilic copolymers exhibit narrow molecular weight distributions (? = 1.06-1.08). Surface tension measurements reveal surface-active behavior in aqueous solution comparable to established noncleavable poloxamers. Complete hydrolysis of the labile junctions after acidic treatment is verified by size exclusion chromatography. The block copolymers have been employed as surfactants in a miniemulsion polymerization to generate polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with mean diameters of ?200 nm and narrow size distribution, as determined by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Acid-triggered precipitation facilitates removal of surfactant fragments from the nanoparticles, which simplifies purification and enables nanoparticle precipitation "on demand."

['Biodegradable Plastics', 'Hydrolysis', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Surface Tension']

[['D05.750.716.195', 'D25.720.716.195', 'J01.637.051.720.716.195'], ['G02.380'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.860.816']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Mechanical versus drug prevention of thrombosis after total hip endoprosthesis implantation. A randomized, controlled clinical study].

Pharmacological prophylaxis is routinely applied after total hip replacement. Although it effectively reduces deep-vein thrombosis, side effects (bleeding, haematoma, swelling, thrombocytopenia) are not infrequent. Since in Germany use of foot pumps as only means of prophylaxis is unpopular, we investigated their efficacy and safety in a randomized study. 106 patients used either low molecular weight heparin (Fraxiparin, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Germany) or the foot-pump (A-V Impulse System, Orthofix, M?hltal, Germany), and were monitored for deep-vein thrombosis using serial duplex sonography on postoperative days 4, 12 and 45. Clinical observations included daily measurements of thigh circumference, recording of postoperative drainage amounts, and monitoring of wound healing. None of the 50 patients treated with the foot-pump developed deep-vein thrombosis, while 4 of the 50 patients (8 per cent) on pharmacological prophylaxis did so. Six patients stopped using the foot-pump during the study. One patient developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Patients on mechanical prophylaxis had smaller amounts of drainage (mean 247 ml vs. 272 ml, p = 0.485) and significantly less swelling of the thigh (10 mm compared with 15 mm, p or = < 0.001), The good results in terms of prevention of thromboembolic complications and soft tissue swelling favour the general use of foot pumps as mechanical prophylaxis.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Bandages', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nadroparin', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Venous Thrombosis']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E07.101'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.600'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']

Healthcare-associated infections are associated with insufficient dietary intake: an observational cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Indicators to predict healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) are scarce. Malnutrition is known to be associated with adverse outcomes in healthcare but its identification is time-consuming and rarely done in daily practice. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dietary intake, nutritional risk, and the prevalence of HCAI, in a general hospital population.METHODS AND FINDINGS: Dietary intake was assessed by dedicated dieticians on one day for all hospitalized patients receiving three meals per day. Nutritional risk was assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)-2002, and defined as a NRS score ? 3. Energy needs were calculated using 110% of Harris-Benedict formula. HCAIs were diagnosed based on the Center for Disease Control criteria and their association with nutritional risk and measured energy intake was done using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. From 1689 hospitalised patients, 1024 and 1091 were eligible for the measurement of energy intake and nutritional risk, respectively. The prevalence of HCAI was 6.8%, and 30.1% of patients were at nutritional risk. Patients with HCAI were more likely identified with decreased energy intake (i.e. ? 70% of predicted energy needs) (30.3% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.002). The proportion of patients at nutritional risk was not significantly different between patients with and without HCAI (35.6% vs.29.7%, P = 0.28), respectively. Measured energy intake ? 70% of predicted energy needs (odds ratio: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.24 to 4.11, P = 0.008) and moderate severity of the disease (odds ratio: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.49 to 7.68, P = 0.004) were associated with HCAI in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION: Measured energy intake ? 70% of predicted energy needs is associated with HCAI in hospitalised patients. This suggests that insufficient dietary intake could be a risk factor of HCAI, without excluding reverse causality. Randomized trials are needed to assess whether improving energy intake in patients identified with decreased dietary intake could be a novel strategy for HCAI prevention.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross Infection', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Malnutrition', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C18.654.521'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence in men with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and impact of urinary incontinence (UI) in men with cystic fibrosis (CF).DESIGN: Prospective observational study.SETTING: Adult CF clinics at tertiary referral centres.PARTICIPANTS: Men with CF (n=80) and age-matched men without lung disease (n=80).INTERVENTIONS: Validated questionnaires to identify the prevalence and impact of UI.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of UI and relationship to disease specific factors, relationship of UI with anxiety and depression.RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was higher in men with CF (15%) compared to controls (10%) (p=0.339). Men with CF and UI had higher scores for anxiety than those without UI (mean 9.1 (SD 4.8) vs 4.7 (4.1), p=0.003), with similar findings for depression (6.8 (4.6) vs 2.8 (3.4), p=0.002) using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.CONCLUSIONS: Incontinence is more prevalent in adult men with CF than age matched controls, and may have an adverse effect on mental health. The mechanisms involved are still unclear and may differ from those reported in women.

['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Depression', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Urinary Incontinence']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

Sleepsex: a variant of sleepwalking.

Sexual acts performed by a sleeping subject have been rarely reported. Two cases are now presented involving sexual behavior performed while asleep. The first case involves the hitherto unreported association of sleepsex with sleepeating. The second case concerns a rarely reported act of sexual battery by a known sleepwalker, and the use of somnambulism as a legal defense. Sexual behavior in sleep may be pleomorphic and more common than realized in both the patient and normal populations.

['Adult', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sex Offenses', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Somnambulism']

[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.198.240.748'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F03.835'], ['C10.886.659.635.700', 'F03.870.664.635.700']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']

Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of dicationic m-terphenyl and 1,3-dipyridylbenzene derivatives.

4,4″-Diamidino-m-terphenyl (1) and 36 analogues were prepared and assayed in vitro against T rypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , Trypanosoma cruzi , Plasmodium falciparum , and Leishmania amazonensis . Twenty-three compounds were highly active against T. b. rhodesiense or P. falciparum. Most noteworthy were amidines 1, 10, and 11 with IC50 of 4 nM against T. b. rhodesiense, and dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinyl analogues 4 and 9 with IC50 values of ? 3 nM against P. falciparum. Bis-pyridylimidamide derivative 31 was 25 times more potent than benznidazole against T. cruzi and slightly more potent than amphotericin B against L. amazonensis. Terphenyldiamidine 1 and dipyridylbenzene analogues 23 and 25 each cured 4/4 mice infected with T. b. rhodesiense STIB900 with four daily 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses, as well as with single doses of ? 10 mg/kg. Derivatives 5 and 28 (prodrugs of 1 and 25) each cured 3/4 mice with four daily 25 mg/kg oral doses.

['Animals', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Benzene', 'Chagas Disease', 'Female', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Structure', 'Parasitic Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Pyridines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Terphenyl Compounds', 'Trypanosoma cruzi']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.023'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.200', 'C01.920.625'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E01.370.225.940', 'E05.200.940', 'E05.337.550.700'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.805'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.140']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Transluminal repair of an infrarenal aortoiliac aneurysm by a combination of bifurcated and branched stent grafts.

Transfemoral endovascular repair with a combination of bifurcated and branched stent grafts enables aortoiliac reconstruction with internal iliac perfusion preserved. We report a case of successful endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysm with use of a bifurcated and branched stent-graft.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Iliac Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Stents', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.055.625'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Interaction of plasma membrane fibronectin receptor with talin--a transmembrane linkage.

Many observations suggest the presence of transmembrane linkages between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. In fibroblasts both light and electron microscopic observations reveal a co-alignment between actin filaments at the cell surface and extracellular fibronectin. These associations are seen at sites of cell matrix interaction, frequently along stress fibres and sometimes where these bundles of microfilaments terminate at adhesion plaques (focal contacts). Non-morphological evidence also indicates a functional linkage between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Addition of fibronectin to transformed cells induces flattening of the cells and a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, with the concomitant appearance of arrays of stress fibres. Conversely, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by treatment with cytochalasin B leads to release of fibronectin from the cell surface. As yet, there is no detailed knowledge of the molecules involved in this transmembrane linkage, although several proteins have been suggested as candidates in the chain of attachment between bundles of actin filaments and the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane: these include vinculin, alpha-actinin and talin, each one having been identified at regions where bundles of actin filaments interact with the plasma membrane and underlying cell-surface fibronectin. Recently, the cell-substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen has been identified as a plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin, raising the possibility that this glycoprotein complex may serve as a bridge between fibronectin and one or more of the underlying cytoskeletal components mentioned. Here we have investigated the interaction of the purified CSAT antigen with these cytoskeletal components, and we demonstrate an interaction specifically between the CSAT antigen and talin.

['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chickens', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Receptors, Fibronectin', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Talin', 'Vinculin']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.530'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.220.985'], ['D12.776.220.990']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease in Japan. A new entity?

A 61-year-old woman suffered the gradual onset of difficulty with memory, concentration, and cognition at age 58. Progressively more severe dementia was accompanied by muscle wasting and fasciculation prominent in hand and bulbar muscles. An electromyogram and a muscle biopsy specimen demonstrated denervation patterns, and a computerized tomographic scan showed considerable cerebral atrophy. This report reviews cases of presenile dementia with motor neuron disease reported in Japan and discusses the possibility of a new clinicopathologic entity.

['Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Neuromuscular Diseases']

[]

[]

A three-dimensional and volume determination of tumors of the cerebellopontine angle.

We propose a new technique to accurately determine the volume of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. It has been determined that the measurement of the long axis in a slice plane of the CPA tumor does not adequately measure the total growth of the tumor. Volume measurements are more accurate indicators of the mass of the tumor.

['Aged', 'Cerebellar Neoplasms', 'Cerebellopontine Angle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroma, Acoustic', 'Stereotaxic Techniques', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.411.211', 'C10.228.140.211.500.200', 'C10.228.140.252.200', 'C10.551.240.250.400.300'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595.610', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595.610', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595.610', 'C04.588.614.300.015', 'C04.588.614.596.240.015', 'C09.218.807.800.675', 'C09.647.675', 'C10.292.225.750', 'C10.292.910.600'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Structure of the bovine VASAP-60/PRKCSH gene, functional analysis of the promoter, and gene expression analysis.

Vacuolar system-associated protein-60 (VASAP-60) constitutes the bovine ortholog of the human "protein kinase C substrate 80K-H" (PRKCSH or 80K-H). We characterized the bovine VASAP-60/PRKCSH gene structure and promoter, identified cis-acting elements controlling VASAP-60 expression, searched for mRNA splice variants, and analyzed mRNA expression in ovarian follicles. Expression of VASAP-60 mRNA showed a 2.4-fold increase (P<0.0001) in granulosa cells of dominant follicles compared to small follicles (2-4 mm) or ovulatory follicles, and no mRNA splice variant was identified. The bovine VASAP-60 gene encompasses 12.5 kb and is composed of 18 exons and 17 introns. Primer extension analysis revealed a single transcription initiation site, and the promoter lacks a TATA box. Promoter activity assays were performed with a series of deletion constructs in different bovine cell lines (endometrial epithelial glandular, kidney epithelial and aortic endothelial) to identify cis-acting elements. The -53/+16 bp fragment (+1 = transcription start site) conferred minimal promoter activity whereas activator and repressor elements were located in the -200/-53 bp and -653/-200 bp fragments, respectively. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the -200/-53 bp activation domain revealed by gel shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay that transcription factor YY1 binds to VASAP-60 promoter. This study is the first to report that VASAP-60 is up-regulated in granulosa cells of dominant follicles, to document the primary structure of the bovine VASAP-60 gene and promoter, and to demonstrate that YY1 binds to the VASAP-60 proximal promoter and may act as a positive transcriptional regulator.

['Alternative Splicing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Introns', 'Luciferases', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transcription Initiation Site', 'YY1 Transcription Factor']

[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['E05.393.332'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.840'], ['D12.776.260.235.875', 'D12.776.930.216.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

In silico prediction and in vivo analysis of antiestrogenic potential of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX) in juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Previous studies have shown both anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities of 2-isopropylthioxanthone (2-ITX), a well known food contaminant, in in vitro assays. However, no data are available on the anti-estrogenic potentials and risks of 2-ITX in aquatic organisms. This work evaluated the potential endocrine disrupting effects of 2-ITX at the level of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling cascade using juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) as model. Firstly, we investigated the ligand binding efficiency of 2-ITX to the ligand binding domains (LBD) of goldfish ER subtypes using a molecular docking approach. Secondly, we assessed the effects of 2-ITX on E2-induced hepatic expression of ERá1, ERâ1, ERâ2, and vitellogenin (VTG) in vivo. Crosstalk between ER-VTG and aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2)-cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) was also investigated. Fish were injected with increasing doses of 2-ITX ranging from 2 to 10µg/g BW, and results were compared to the effect of tamoxifen, a well-known ER modulator. We observed that compared to ERâ, the interaction potentials of 2-ITX to goldfish ERá1 LBD was more stable in the inactive receptor conformation. The in silico docking simulation analysis also revealed that 2-ITX acted as agonist for the goldfish AhR2 LBDs suggesting the ability of this compound to activate the cross-talk between the ERá- and AhR-signaling pathways. In vivo experiments confirm in silico simulation predictions demonstrating that 2-ITX reduced the estrogenicity of E2 at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, indicating a clear anti-estrogenic effect. Co-exposure of E2 and 2-ITX also resulted in a significant decrease of CYP1A gene expression with respect to 2-ITX alone. Results from these studies collectively revealed that the antiestrogenic property of 2-ITX can be ascribed to a combination of effects on multiple signaling pathways suggesting the potential for this environmental contaminant to affect the hormonal control of reproductive processes in fish.

['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Computer Simulation', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Estrogen Antagonists', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Gene Expression', 'Goldfish', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon', 'Thioxanthenes', 'Vitellogenins']

[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['D06.347.295', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D12.776.260.643.715', 'D12.776.826.209.715', 'D12.776.930.760'], ['D02.886.952', 'D03.633.300.953.704'], ['D12.776.093.500.925', 'D12.776.290.812.500', 'D12.776.744.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use, and the risk of head and neck cancer.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, provides an ideal tumor model to investigate gene-environment interaction. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 182 cases with newly diagnosed SCCHN and 202 controls with nonneoplastic conditions of the head and neck that required surgery. Lifetime tobacco use and risk of SCCHN were evaluated in relation to the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1. The main effects of genotype were associated with a slightly increased risk of SCCHN for GSTP1 [age-, race-, and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.2; confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.9], GSTT1 (OR, 1.2; CI, 0.7-2.3), and NAT1 (OR, 1.1; CI, 0.7-1.7). The joint effects of genotype combinations showed some excess risk for the combination of the GSTM1 null genotype and the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism (OR, 2.6; CI, 0.7-10.3). The analysis of the joint effects (interaction) of the "at-risk" genotypes and tobacco use did not reveal any interaction on either the multiplicative or additive scale for GSTM1, GSTP1, or CYP1A1. However, there was a suggestion of an interaction on the additive scale between the pack-years of tobacco use and the GSTT1 null genotype. The combined heterozygote and homozygote NAT1*10 genotypes also had a suggestive interaction with tobacco smoking history. The results of this study suggest a possible gene-environment interaction for certain carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, but larger studies that fully evaluate the interaction are needed.

['Acetyltransferases', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Female', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking']

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['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Does seeing an Asian face make speech sound more accented?

Prior studies have reported that seeing an Asian face makes American English sound more accented. The current study investigates whether this effect is perceptual, or if it instead occurs at a later decision stage. We first replicated the finding that showing static Asian and Caucasian faces can shift people's reports about the accentedness of speech accompanying the pictures. When we changed the static pictures to dubbed videos, reducing the demand characteristics, the shift in reported accentedness largely disappeared. By including unambiguous items along with the original ambiguous items, we introduced a contrast bias and actually reversed the shift, with the Asian-face videos yielding lower judgments of accentedness than the Caucasian-face videos. By changing to a mixed rather than blocked design, so that the ethnicity of the videos varied from trial to trial, we eliminated the difference in accentedness rating. Finally, we tested participants' perception of accented speech using the selective adaptation paradigm. After establishing that an auditory-only accented adaptor shifted the perception of how accented test words are, we found that no such adaptation effect occurred when the adapting sounds relied on visual information (Asian vs. Caucasian videos) to influence the accentedness of an ambiguous auditory adaptor. Collectively, the results demonstrate that visual information can affect the interpretation, but not the perception, of accented speech.

['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Face', 'Facial Recognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception', 'Young Adult']

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['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Comparison of some postanaesthetic effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate with particular emphasis on urinary problems.

Two hundred and two patients undergoing elective surgery were given either atropine (98 patients) or glycopyrrolate (104 patients) for intravenous premedication and as an adjunct to reversal of neuromuscular block by neostigmine in a double-blind study. The dose ratio of atropine and glycopyrrolate was 2.5:1. After reversal, both drugs induced an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in heart rate. The mean values in % heart rate were statistically significantly higher in the glycopyrrolate group than in the atropine group. Semiquantitative measurement of salivation showed glycopyrrolate to be more potent as an antisialogogue drug. Nausea and vomiting were equally common after both drugs. There were no differences between the drugs in the occurrence of postoperative micturition difficulties, the total rate of this complication being 18%. It is concluded that factors other than the choice of anticholinergic drug may be blamed for postoperative micturition difficulties.

['Adult', 'Atropine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Glycopyrrolate', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Preanesthetic Medication', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urination Disorders', 'Vomiting']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

In vitro studies of poison oak immunity. I. In vitro reaction of human lymphocytes to urushiol.

Poison oak, ivy, and sumac dermatitis is a T-cell-mediated reaction against urushiol, the oil found in the leaf of the plants. This hapten is extremely lipophilic and concentrates in cell membranes. A blastogenesis assay employing peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from humans sensitized to urushiol is described. The reactivity appears 1--3 wk after exposure and persists from 6 wk to 2 mon. The dose-response range is narrow, with inhibition occurring at higher antigen concentrations. Urushiol introduced into the in vitro culture on autologous lymphocytes, erythrocytes and heterologous erythrocytes produces equal results as measured by the optimal urushiol dose, the intensity of reaction, and the frequency of positive reactors. This suggests that the urushiol is passed from introducer to some other presenter cell. Although the blastogenically reactive cell is a T cell, there is also a requirement for an accessory cell, found in the non-T-cell population, for reactivity. Evidence is presented that this cell is a macrophage.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alkenes', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Catechols', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macrophages', 'Middle Aged', 'Oils', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Toxic', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[]

[]

Ovulation induction with low-dose follicle-stimulating hormone in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Fifty infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were treated for 66 cycles with low-dose FSH stimulation starting with 75 IU FSH for two weeks before eventual stepwise increases in the gonadotropin dose occurred. An unifollicular response was observed in 35 (53%) cycles and in 20 (30%) cycles there were two-three mature follicles. A multifollicular response (> 3 mature follicles) resulted in 11 (17%) cycles. One of the 66 cycles was complicated with the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Twelve (22%) pregnancies were obtained following 55 completed cycles. All ongoing pregnancies were singleton gestations. The obese PCOS women required a longer period of stimulation and a higher amount of gonadotropin to achieve follicular maturation. However, there was no difference in cycle cancellation or pregnancy rate between obese and non-obese PCOS women. Thus low-dose FSH administration seems a safe stimulation regimen with a satisfactory conception rate in PCOS women.

['Adult', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Pregnancy', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Origami microfluidic paper-analytical-devices (omPAD) for sensing and diagnostics.

Recent research activities in the area of low-cost sensing and diagnostics that are realized on cellulosic paper substrate are presented. First a three-dimensional origami paper-based analytical device (omPAD) with multiple electrochemical sensors, an integrated sample reservoir and tight integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat is presented. Second, an optical sensor array with built-in microfluidic channel for sample delivery is presented. The sensors are fabricated using a combination of wax printing and screen-printing using a solution based approach in ambient conditions without the need for expensive fabrication equipment or a cleanroom. Readout is based on using existing consumer grade electronic devices like flatbed scanner (for optical sensor) or custom designed CMOS potentiostat (for electrochemical sensors). Together the 3D paper-based analytical device with integrated sensor, microfluidics and portable readout instrumentation demonstrates a low-cost, self-contained system suitable for sensing and point-of-care diagnostics.

['Biosensing Techniques', 'Dopamine', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Metals', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Microtechnology', 'Optical Phenomena', 'Oxides', 'Paper', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Semiconductors']

[['E05.601.043'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['D01.552'], ['E05.588.465'], ['H01.570', 'J01.897.520.500'], ['G01.590'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['J01.637.650'], ['N04.452.442.452.452.680', 'N04.452.515.360.652', 'N04.590.874'], ['E07.305.625']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Organization of the sympathetic innervation in liver tissue from monkey and man.

The sympathetic innervation of the liver of monkey and man has been investigated in a combined fluorescence histochemical, chemical and electron microscopical study. By means of the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method a dense network of monoamine-containing nerve fibers was visualized in liver tissue of monkey and man. The nerve fibers ran in close contact to both hepatocytes and blood vessels. Chemical quantitations showed high concentrations of noradrenaline in both human and monkey liver. Microspectrofluorometry of the intraneuronal monoamine resulted in spectra characteristic of a catecholamine. For the electron microscopical study the dopamine analogue, 5-hydroxydopamine, was used to "label" the catecholamine terminals in both human and monkey liver. The nerve profiles, identified as catecholamine-containing, were demonstrated in a perivascular location and in close contact to hepatocytes. No synaptic membrane specializations were present between nerve fibers and hepatocytes. The general ultramorphology and intralobular distribution pattern of nerves in the liver of monkey and man were similar. The present results prove the existence of a sympathetic innervation of hepatocytes and blood vessels in the liver of man and monkey.

['Animals', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Haplorhini', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Norepinephrine', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']

[['B01.050'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['A08.800.050.800']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Co-administration of the low dose of orexin and nitrergic antagonists induces an antidepressant-like effect in mice.

It is now well-established that orexins (OXs) and their receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Considering the evidence indicating the importance of nitric oxide (NO) system in the mood modulation, this study investigated the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of orexin 1 (OX1) receptor antagonist -SB334867- alone or in combination with NO agents on depression using the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and the number of crossings in open-field test (OFT) in mice. Our results indicated that administration of SB334867 at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in the FST without effect on locomotor activity, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect of SB334867. Moreover, l-Arginine (a NO precursor; 750 mg/kg) or L-NAME (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) administration by itself decreased the immobility time in the FST. Interestingly, co-administration of a sub-threshold dose of L-NAME, but not l-Arginine, in combination with an ineffective dose of SB334867 produced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST and TST. It should be noted, none of the drugs elicited significant effects on the locomotor activity in the OFT. Altogether, the present data propose that a combination of the sub-effective dose of OX and NO antagonists can be evaluated as an option for the clinical treatment of depression in humans.

['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Benzoxazoles', 'Depression', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Hindlimb Suspension', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Mice', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Naphthyridines', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Orexins', 'Swimming', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urea']

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['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']