Datasets:

rishavranaut
/

wiki_no_changes

Dataset card Viewer Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 6.58k rows

wiki-ref stringlengths 54 199	old_content stringlengths 1 48.7k	old_time stringlengths 20 20	new_content stringlengths 1 49.3k	new_time stringlengths 20 20
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_psychology&diff=10580882&oldid=10580855	The field draws on the diverse disiplines of [[Cultural Psychology\|cultural]] [[psychological anthropology\|psychological anthropology]] and [[social anthropology]] (including [[political anthropology]], [[cognitive psychology]], [[economics]], [[history]], [[international relations]], [[philosophy]], [[political science]], [[political theory]], [[psychology of personality]], [[social psychology]], and [[sociology]].	2005-02-26T06:34:39Z	The field draws on the diverse disiplines of [[Cultural Psychology\|cultural]] [[psychological anthropology\|psychological]] and [[social anthropology]] (including [[political anthropology]]), [[cognitive psychology]], [[economics]], [[history]], [[international relations]], [[philosophy]], [[political science]], [[political theory]], [[psychology of personality]], [[social psychology]], and [[sociology]].	2005-02-26T06:38:11Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_Attitudes_and_Values_Study&diff=532892707&oldid=532892603	The NZAVS has a [[multilevel data structure]]. <ref>The New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study webpage for researchers: http://www.psych.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/our-research/research-groups/new-zealand-attitudes-and-values-study/nzavs-information-for-researchers</ref> Participants are modelled as the Level 1 or lower-level unit. The NZAVS contains geographic [[Meshblock Area Unit (MBU)]] and [[Census Area Unit (CAU)]] information for each participant. This information is modelled as the Level 2, or higher-level unit in many of the NZAVS research papers. Meshblocks are small geographic area units, each containing roughly 100 people, with defined boundaries. Each meshblock is in turn nested within larger census area units (CAU; roughly 1000 people in size). [[Statistics New Zealand]] provide detailed demographic information about the population of each meshblock based on census data, such as median income, ethnic proportions and size, religious affiliation, etc. This information is integrated into the NZAVS datasets. Of particular note are the [[New Zealand Deprivation Index]] (an index of poverty or socio-economic status based on a principal components analysis of indicators of deprivation for each area unit); and a CAU-based [[GINI index]] derived by Chris Sibley for use in the NZAVS, which provides an indicator of the income disparity within each region of New Zealand.	2013-01-13T18:08:05Z	The NZAVS has a [[multilevel data structure]].<ref>The New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study webpage for researchers: http://www.psych.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/our-research/research-groups/new-zealand-attitudes-and-values-study/nzavs-information-for-researchers</ref> Participants are modelled as the Level 1 or lower-level unit. The NZAVS contains geographic [[Meshblock Area Unit (MBU)]] and [[Census Area Unit (CAU)]] information for each participant. This information is modelled as the Level 2, or higher-level unit in many of the NZAVS research papers. Meshblocks are small geographic area units, each containing roughly 100 people, with defined boundaries. Each meshblock is in turn nested within larger census area units (CAU; roughly 1000 people in size). [[Statistics New Zealand]] provide detailed demographic information about the population of each meshblock based on census data, such as median income, ethnic proportions and size, religious affiliation, etc. This information is integrated into the NZAVS datasets. Of particular note are the [[New Zealand Deprivation Index]] (an index of poverty or socio-economic status based on a principal components analysis of indicators of deprivation for each area unit); and a CAU-based [[GINI index]] derived by Chris Sibley for use in the NZAVS, which provides an indicator of the income disparity within each region of New Zealand.	2013-01-13T18:08:57Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_dominance_theory&diff=93501917&oldid=93494886	Social Dominance Theory is a consideration of group conflict which describes human society as The reason that social hierachies exist in human societies is that they were necessary for survival of Social Dominance Theory explains the mechanisms of group hierachy oppression using three basic Aggregated individual discrimination (ordinary discrimination) Aggregated institutional discrimination (discrimination by governmental and business institutions) Systematic Terror (police violence, death squads, etc) Behavioural asymmetry systematic outgroup favouritism or deference (minorities favour hegemony individuals) asymmetric ingroup bias (as status increases, opposition to interracial mixing increases) self-handicapping (low expectations of minorities are self-fulfilling prophecies) ideological asymmetry (as status increases, so do discriminatory political beliefs eg conservatism) These processes are driven by legitimizing myths, which are befliefs justifying social dominance: paternalistic myths (hegemony serves society, looks after incapable minorities) reciprocal myths (suggestions that hegemonic and outgroups are actually equal) sacred myths (Divine right of kings - religion-approved mandate for hegemony to govern) It is suggested that the Western idea of meritocracy (individual achievement) is an example of a legitimizing myth, ie meritocracy is false and produces only an illusion of fairness.	2006-12-11T01:56:45Z	Social Dominance Theory is a consideration of group conflict which describes human society as The reason that social hierachies exist in human societies is that they were necessary for survival of Social Dominance Theory explains the mechanisms of group hierachy oppression using three basic #Aggregated individual discrimination (ordinary discrimination) # Aggregated institutional discrimination (discrimination by governmental and business institutions) Systematic Terror (police violence, death squads, etc) #Behavioural asymmetry systematic outgroup favouritism or deference (minorities favour hegemony individuals) asymmetric ingroup bias (as status increases, opposition to interracial mixing increases) self-handicapping (low expectations of minorities are self-fulfilling prophecies) * ideological asymmetry (as status increases, so do discriminatory political beliefs eg conservatism) These processes are driven by legitimizing myths, which are befliefs justifying social dominance: paternalistic myths (hegemony serves society, looks after incapable minorities) reciprocal myths (suggestions that hegemonic and outgroups are actually equal) sacred myths (Divine right of kings - religion-approved mandate for hegemony to govern) It is suggested that the Western idea of meritocracy (individual achievement) is an example of a legitimizing myth, ie meritocracy is false and produces only an illusion of fairness.	2006-12-11T02:38:23Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_sphere&diff=184683156&oldid=184665976	[[Image:Parlement-Paris-Charles7.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Parlementry action under Charles 7]]	2008-01-16T05:17:17Z	[[Image:Parlement-Paris-Charles7.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Parlementry action under Charles 7]]	2008-01-16T07:30:34Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albanian–Soviet_split&diff=500818804&oldid=500817958	An Albanian account describes the dispute as follows: "By violating the formal Albanian-Soviet agreements signed in September 1957 an May 1959, the Soviet government did everything in its power to put under its control this Albanian base which at the same time served the defence of the socialist countries. . . . On April 5, 1961, in a letter addressed to the governments of the Soviet Union and the East-European states it resolutely reaffirmed that it accepted only one solution of the problem: the base of Vlora belonged to Albania and all the naval means that were its property should be handed over to Albanian crew as soon as possible. Any other solution was an act which would lead to the unilateral violation on the part of the Soviet Union of the existing Albanian-Soviet agreements of the years 1957 and 1959."{{sfn\|Omari\|Pollo\|1988\|pp=282-283}} In May 1961 the Soviets began dismantling the base and tried to seize the submarines, seizing some Albanian ships undergoing repairs at [[Sevastopol]] in the process.{{sfnm \|1a1=Pano \|1y=1968 \|1p=148 \|2a1=Logoreci \|2y=1977 \|2p=129}} As the Albanian account describes it, "The Soviet sailors and officers carried out numerous provocations, trying by all manner of means to create a pretext for the Soviet military intervention in Albania. . . On May 26, 1961 it seized in a demonstrative manner 8 submarines, the floating base 'Kotelnikov', as well as the Albanian warships that were laid for repair in the port of Sevastopol. On June 5, 1961 the personnel of Soviet advisers left the base at Vlora, too."{{sfn\|Omari\|Pollo\|1988\|pp=285-286}} Hoxha's account is as follows: Admiral [[Vladimir Kasatonov]] of the Black Sea fleet "came to Tirana with the mission of seizing not only the eight submarines. . . but even the submarines which we had taken over earlier. We told him bluntly: Either you hand the submarines over to us according to the agreement, or within a short time (we set the date) you must withdraw immediately from the bay. . . He did not hand over the submarines, but went to Vlora, boarded the command submarine and lined up the others in fighting formation. We gave orders to close the Sazan Narrows and to train the guns on the Soviet ships. Admiral Kasatonov, who had wanted to frighten us, was frightened himself. He was caught like a rat in a trap and if he attempted to implement his plan he might find himself at the bottom of the sea. In these conditions the admiral was obliged to take only the submarines with Soviet crews, and he sailed out of the bay back home with his tail between his legs."{{sfn\|Hoxha\|1984\|pp=467-468}}	2012-07-05T16:35:35Z	An Albanian account describes the dispute as follows: "By violating the formal Albanian-Soviet agreements signed in September 1957 an May 1959, the Soviet government did everything in its power to put under its control this Albanian base which at the same time served the defence of the socialist countries. . . . On April 5, 1961, in a letter addressed to the governments of the Soviet Union and the East-European states it resolutely reaffirmed that it accepted only one solution of the problem: the base of Vlora belonged to Albania and all the naval means that were its property should be handed over to Albanian crew as soon as possible. Any other solution was an act which would lead to the unilateral violation on the part of the Soviet Union of the existing Albanian-Soviet agreements of the years 1957 and 1959."{{sfn\|Omari\|Pollo\|1988\|pp=282-283}} In May 1961 the Soviets began dismantling the base and tried to seize the submarines, seizing some Albanian ships undergoing repairs at [[Sevastopol]] in the process.{{sfnm \|1a1=Pano \|1y=1968 \|1p=148 \|2a1=Logoreci \|2y=1977 \|2p=129}} As the Albanian account describes it, "The Soviet sailors and officers carried out numerous provocations, trying by all manner of means to create a pretext for the Soviet military intervention in Albania. . . On May 26, 1961 it seized in a demonstrative manner 8 submarines, the floating base 'Kotelnikov', as well as the Albanian warships that were laid for repair in the port of Sevastopol. On June 5, 1961 the personnel of Soviet advisers left the base at Vlora, too."{{sfn\|Omari\|Pollo\|1988\|pp=285-286}} Hoxha's account is as follows: Admiral [[Vladimir Kasatonov]] of the Black Sea fleet "came to Tirana with the mission of seizing not only the eight submarines. . . but even the submarines which we had taken over earlier. We told him bluntly: Either you hand the submarines over to us according to the agreement, or within a short time (we set the date) you must withdraw immediately from the bay. . . He did not hand over the submarines, but went to Vlora, boarded the command submarine and lined up the others in fighting formation. We gave orders to close the Sazan Narrows and to train the guns on the Soviet ships. Admiral Kasatonov, who had wanted to frighten us, was frightened himself. He was caught like a rat in a trap and if he attempted to implement his plan he might find himself at the bottom of the sea. In these conditions the admiral was obliged to take only the submarines with Soviet crews, and he sailed out of the bay back home with his tail between his legs."{{sfn\|Hoxha\|1984\|pp=467-468}}	2012-07-05T16:42:52Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Labor_Party_split_of_1931&diff=678756289&oldid=678756202	The '''Australian Labor Party split of 1931''' was caused by severe divisions within the [[Australian Labor Party]] over economic responses to the [[Great Depression]]. Amidst intense disagreement between economically conservative and radical elements of the party, two senior ministers in the [[James Scullin\|Scullin]] Labor government, [[Joseph Lyons]] and [[James Fenton]], resigned from Cabinet in January 1931. Lyons, Fenton and their supporters would subsequently merge with the conservative opposition [[Nationalist Party of Australia]] to form the new [[United Australia Party]], led by Lyons with the last Nationalist leader, [[John Latham]], as his deputy. In March 1931, the Labor Party split on the left as well, when [[Eddie Ward]], a supporter of radical anti-austerity [[Premier of New South Wales]] [[Jack Lang]], won a by-election, and was refused entry to the Labor caucus, resulting in six Lang supporters forming a [[Lang Labor]] party on the crossbench. In November, the United Australia Party and Lang Labor succeeded in defeating the Scullin government, resulting in the [[Australian federal election, 1931\|1931 federal election]] in December. The election resulted in a landslide victory for the United Australia Party and the elections of Lyons as [[Prime Minister of Australia\|Prime Minister]]. While Lang Labor would eventually be largely reabsorbed into the Labor Party, the United Australia Party continued to be the main conservative force in Australia until replaced by the [[Liberal Party of Australia]] in 1945.<ref name="scullinpm">{{cite web \| url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/scullin/in-office.aspx \| title=James Scullin: In office \| publisher=National Archives of Australia \| work=Australia's Prime Ministers \| accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref>	2015-08-31T12:44:38Z	The '''Australian Labor Party split of 1931''' was caused by severe divisions within the [[Australian Labor Party]] over economic responses to the [[Great Depression]]. Amidst intense disagreement between economically conservative and radical elements of the party, two senior ministers in the [[James Scullin\|Scullin]] Labor government, [[Joseph Lyons]] and [[James Fenton]], resigned from Cabinet in January 1931. Lyons, Fenton and their supporters would subsequently merge with the conservative opposition [[Nationalist Party of Australia]] to form the new [[United Australia Party]], led by Lyons with the last Nationalist leader, [[John Latham]], as his deputy.<ref name="scullinpm">{{cite web \| url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/scullin/in-office.aspx \| title=James Scullin: In office \| publisher=National Archives of Australia \| work=Australia's Prime Ministers \| accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref> In March 1931, the Labor Party split on the left as well, when [[Eddie Ward]], a supporter of radical anti-austerity [[Premier of New South Wales]] [[Jack Lang]], won a by-election, and was refused entry to the Labor caucus, resulting in six Lang supporters forming a [[Lang Labor]] party on the crossbench. In November, the United Australia Party and Lang Labor succeeded in defeating the Scullin government, resulting in the [[Australian federal election, 1931\|1931 federal election]] in December. The election resulted in a landslide victory for the United Australia Party and the elections of Lyons as [[Prime Minister of Australia\|Prime Minister]].<ref name="scullinpm" /> While Lang Labor would eventually be largely reabsorbed into the Labor Party, the United Australia Party continued to be the main conservative force in Australia until replaced by the [[Liberal Party of Australia]] in 1945.<ref name="scullinpm" />	2015-08-31T12:45:27Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Representative_Caucus&diff=1921765&oldid=1915969	The '''Democratic Representative Caucus''' was a group of [[Canada\|Canadian]] Members of [[Parliament]] who left the [[Canadian Alliance]] in [[2001]] in protest against the leadership of [[Stockwell Day]]. Day was regarded by many observers as a weak and gaffe-prone leader, whose mistakes and off-the-cuff remarks sometimes undermined even the efforts of his own caucus, and through the spring of 2001, several members of the Alliance resigned their shadow cabinet seats.	2003-12-09T19:07:39Z	The '''Democratic Representative Caucus''' was a group of [[Canada\|Canadian]] Members of [[Parliament of Canada\|Parliament]] who left the [[Canadian Alliance]] in [[2001]] in protest against the leadership of [[Stockwell Day]]. Day was regarded by many observers as a weak and gaffe-prone leader, whose mistakes and off-the-cuff remarks sometimes undermined even the efforts of his own caucus, and through the spring of 2001, several members of the Alliance resigned their shadow cabinet seats.	2003-12-09T19:11:33Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Finnish_People's_Unity_Party&diff=425665555&oldid=425623164	\|party_name = Party of the Unity of the Finnish People</br>[[1972]]-[[1982]]</br>The League of the Citizens' Power]</br> [[1982]]-[[1983]] \|native_name = Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue</br> [[1972]]-[[1982]]</br>Kansalaisvallan Liitto]</br> [[1982]]-[[1983]] '''Party of the Unity of the Finnish People''' ({{lang-fi\|Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue}}) was a unvoluntary spin off the [[Finnish Rural Party\|Rural Party of Finland]]. Some of the members of the parliament of Finland as the members of the parliamentary group of the [[\|Finnish Rural Party\|Rural Party of Finland]] wanted to support the idea of re-electing the president of Finland, [[Urho Kekkonen]] without presidentia elections for the years of [[1974]]-[[1978]], which was impossible for the chairman [[Veikko Vennamo]] mainly due to the disputes of the late 1950's between [[Veikko Vennamo]], [[V. J. Sukselainen\|Vieno Johannes Sukselainen]] and also partly [[Urho Kekkonen]], who took part into the matters of [[Agrarian League (Finland)\|Agrarian League]] as the [[1956]] elected president of the republic of Finland to guarantee both the integration with the Western trade organisationa and presever the political neutrality as the Soviet Union saw it in order to guarantee economically favourable bilateral trade with the Soviet Union like India and sustaining the position of the second biggest Western trading partner of the Soviet Union just after the Federal Republic of Germany, which traded with hard currencies.	2011-04-24T07:02:18Z	\|party_name = Party of the Unity of the Finnish People</br>[[1972]]-[[1982]]</br>The League of the Citizens' Power</br> [[1982]]-[[1983]] \|native_name = Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue</br> [[1972]]-[[1982]]</br>Kansalaisvallan Liitto</br> [[1982]]-[[1983]] '''Party of the Unity of the Finnish People''' ({{lang-fi\|Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue}}) was a unvoluntary spin off the [[Finnish Rural Party\|Rural Party of Finland]]. Some of the members of the parliament of Finland as the members of the parliamentary group of the [[Finnish Rural Party\|Rural Party of Finland]] wanted to support the idea of re-electing the president of Finland, [[Urho Kekkonen]] without presidentia elections for the years of [[1974]]-[[1978]], which was impossible for the chairman [[Veikko Vennamo]] mainly due to the disputes of the late 1950's between [[Veikko Vennamo]], [[V. J. Sukselainen\|Vieno Johannes Sukselainen]] and also partly [[Urho Kekkonen]], who took part into the matters of [[Agrarian League (Finland)\|Agrarian League]] as the [[1956]] elected president of the republic of Finland to guarantee both the integration with the Western trade organisationa and presever the political neutrality as the Soviet Union saw it in order to guarantee economically favourable bilateral trade with the Soviet Union like India and sustaining the position of the second biggest Western trading partner of the Soviet Union just after the Federal Republic of Germany, which traded with hard currencies.	2011-04-24T14:20:12Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kadima&diff=270231536&oldid=270231417	ideology = [[Centre]]-[[Centre-left]], [[Liberalism]], [[Zionism]]\|	2009-02-12T15:08:53Z	ideology = [[Centre]]/[[Centre-left]], [[Liberalism]], [[Zionism]]\|	2009-02-12T15:09:29Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)&diff=531970450&oldid=526864099	\|successor = [[Liberal Democrats]],<br />[[Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)\|Social Democratic Party]]	2012-12-07T13:47:57Z	\|successor = [[Liberal Democrats]],<br />[[Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988)]]	2013-01-08T16:15:07Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Workers_Party_(Finland)&diff=7219349&oldid=7219258	'''Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue''' (Socialist Workers Party), a political party in [[Finland]]. The STP was founded in [[1973]] as split from [[Työväen ja Pienviljelijäin Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto]] (Workers' and Smallholders Social Democratic League). STP emerged out of a group that did not approve of the return of TPSL to the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland\|Social Democratic Party]].	2004-11-08T13:57:07Z	'''Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue''' (Socialist Workers Party), a political party in [[Finland]]. The STP was founded in [[1973]] as split from [[Työväen ja Pienviljelijäin Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto]] (Workers' and Smallholders Social Democratic League). STP emerged out of a group that did not approve of the return of TPSL to the [[Social Democratic Party of Finland\|Social Democratic Party]].	2004-11-08T13:58:07Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SWAPO_for_Justice&diff=26092668&oldid=18394133	'''SWAPO for Justice''', a splinter group of [[SWAPO]] in [[Namibia]], founded on May 4 [[1995]]. SWAPO-J was led by [[Sakari Njoba Nghewete]]. SWAPO-J's cadre was mainly made up by former combatants of SWAPO, dissatisfied with their condition in independent Namibia.	2005-07-08T12:52:28Z	'''SWAPO for Justice''', a splinter group of [[SWAPO]] in [[Namibia]], founded on [[May 4]] [[1995]]. SWAPO-J was led by [[Sakari Njoba Nghewete]]. SWAPO-J's cadre was mainly made up by former combatants of SWAPO, dissatisfied with their condition in independent Namibia.	2005-10-21T13:21:50Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Tribal_Nationalist_Liberation_Front&diff=23924347&oldid=17136256	The UTNLF led a violent campaign during the 1990s against both the [[Assamese]] and the Indian military units in the area.[[Category:Indian political parties-Assam]]	2005-01-23T22:43:29Z	The UTNLF led a violent campaign during the 1990s against both the [[Assamese]] and the Indian military units in the area. [[Category:Indian political parties-Assam]]	2005-09-24T16:44:57Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peace–industrial_complex&diff=559716142&oldid=559716123	Suter further defended that "each country create a national Ministry for Peace",<ref>[http://www.i4pinternational.org/files/202/7.+national+ministries+for+peace.pdf]</ref> which was contemporary to the creation of the Ministry for Peace Australia (MFPA) initiative and the Global Alliance for Ministries & Infrastructures for Peace (GAMIP). An Education for a Peace Industrial Complex conference (EPIC) is also mentioned in a 1984 issue of the Nuclear Times.<ref>Nuclear Times, Volumes 3 to 4, 1984</ref>	2013-06-13T12:42:30Z	Suter further defended that "each country create a national Ministry for Peace",<ref>http://www.i4pinternational.org/files/202/7.+national+ministries+for+peace.pdf</ref> which was contemporary to the creation of the Ministry for Peace Australia (MFPA) initiative and the Global Alliance for Ministries & Infrastructures for Peace (GAMIP). An Education for a Peace Industrial Complex conference (EPIC) is also mentioned in a 1984 issue of the Nuclear Times.<ref>Nuclear Times, Volumes 3 to 4, 1984</ref>	2013-06-13T12:42:46Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament&diff=145263818&oldid=142422979	Each group appoints a "group co-ordinator", charged with the task of deciding which way the group should vote in Parliament. It is worth noting, however, that no member is bound by this decision, and there is no official punishment incurred for voting against the party group, such as the [[Whip (politics)\|"whips"]] often employed in national parliaments.	2007-07-04T08:49:54Z	Each group appoints a "group co-ordinator", charged with the task of deciding which way the group should vote in Parliament. It is worth noting, however, that no member is bound by this decision, and there is no official punishment incurred for voting against the party group, such as often employed by the [[Whip (politics)\|"whips"]] in national parliaments.	2007-07-17T17:54:01Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_methodology&diff=172156823&oldid=172156756	[http://polmeth.wustl.edu/ The Society for Political Methodology's homepage] [http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~phensel/methods.html Paul Hensel's Political Methodology Page]	2007-11-17T21:55:06Z	[http://polmeth.wustl.edu/ The Society for Political Methodology's homepage] [http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~phensel/methods.html Paul Hensel's Political Methodology Page]	2007-11-17T21:55:28Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Troy&diff=787824173&oldid=787823540	'''Project Troy''' was a research study of psychological warfare undertaken for the [[Department of State]] by a group of scholars including physicists, historians and psychologists from [[Harvard University]], the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and [[RAND Corporation]] in the fall of 1950.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Mitrovich\|first=Gregory\|title=Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc, 1947–1956\|url={{Google books\|w6TVdT-q7vcC\|page=206\|plainurl=yes}}\|page=206}}</ref> The ''Project Troy Report to the Secretary of State'', presented to Secretary of State Archeson on 1 February 1951, made various proposals for political warfare, including possible methods of minimizing the effects of Soviet jamming on the Voice of America broadcasts.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1951v01/d326 \|title=Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Barrett) to the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Nitze) \|date=1951-05-02}}</ref>	2017-06-27T19:32:09Z	'''Project Troy''' was a research study of psychological warfare undertaken for the [[Department of State]] by a group of scholars including physicists, historians and psychologists from [[Harvard University]], the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and [[RAND Corporation]] in the fall of 1950.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Mitrovich\|first=Gregory\|title=Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc, 1947–1956\|url={{Google books\|w6TVdT-q7vcC\|page=206\|plainurl=yes}}\|page=206}}</ref> The ''Project Troy Report to the Secretary of State'', presented to Secretary of State Archeson on 1 February 1951, made various proposals for political warfare, including possible methods of minimizing the effects of Soviet jamming on the [[Voice of America]] broadcasts.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1951v01/d326 \|title=Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (Barrett) to the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Nitze) \|date=1951-05-02}}</ref>	2017-06-27T19:36:23Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World-systems_theory&diff=467376018&oldid=465240623	The most well-known version of the world-system approach has been developed by [[Immanuel Wallerstein]] in 1970s and 1980s.<ref name=CAMV>Carlos A. Martínez-Vela, [http://web.mit.edu/esd.83/www/notebook/WorldSystem.pdf World Systems Theory], paper prepared for the [http://web.mit.edu/esd.83/www/notebook/NewNotebook.htm Research Seminar in Engineering Systems], November 2003</ref><ref name=PH>Paul Halsall [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/wallerstein.html Modern History Sourcebook: Summary of Wallerstein on World System Theory], August 1997</ref> Wallerstein traces the rise of the world system from the 15th century, when [[Europe]]an [[feudal]] [[economy]] suffered a crisis and was transformed into a [[capitalist]] one.<ref name=PH/> Europe ([[Western world\|the West]]) utilized its advantages and gained control over most of the world economy, presiding over the development and spread of [[industrialization]] and [[capitalism]] economy, indirectly resulting in [[International inequality\|unequal development]].<ref name=TB/><ref name=glob/><ref name=PH/>	2011-12-11T05:09:35Z	The most well-known version of the world-system approach has been developed by [[Immanuel Wallerstein]] in 1970s and 1980s.<ref name=CAMV>Carlos A. Martínez-Vela, [http://web.mit.edu/esd.83/www/notebook/WorldSystem.pdf World Systems Theory], paper prepared for the [http://web.mit.edu/esd.83/www/notebook/NewNotebook.htm Research Seminar in Engineering Systems], November 2003</ref><ref name=PH>Paul Halsall [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/wallerstein.html Modern History Sourcebook: Summary of Wallerstein on World System Theory], August 1997</ref> Wallerstein traces the rise of the world system from the 15th century, when [[Europe]]an [[feudal]] [[economy]] suffered a crisis and was transformed into a [[capitalist]] one.<ref name=PH/> Europe ([[Western world\|the West]]) utilized its advantages and gained control over most of the world economy, presiding over the development and spread of [[industrialization]] and [[capitalism\|capitalist]] economy, indirectly resulting in [[International inequality\|unequal development]].<ref name=TB/><ref name=glob/><ref name=PH/>	2011-12-23T18:41:06Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Documentary_Films&diff=429435272&oldid=429434882	'''Cambridge Documentary Films''' is a non profit organization established in Massachusetts in 1974. The purpose of the organization is to create new perspectives on important social issues and give voice to groups and individuals whose perspectives are ignored by mainstream media<ref>{{cite web\|title=A Voice for Social Change\|url=http://newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/02september/lazarus.htm\|publisher=New England Film\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> . Cambridge Documentary Films produces and distributes award winning documentaries to thousands of universities, community organizations, schools, libraries and public interest organizations throughout the United States and the world. These films have won numerous awards, including an Academy Award<ref>{{cite web\|title=Nominees and Winners for the 66th Academy Awards\|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/1990-1999/66nominees.html\|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> and have been screened at the UN General Assembly, The White House, the Office of the Vice President, the US Congress and numerous state houses. The subjects include: advertising's image of women, domestic violence, trauma, rape, eating disorders, self esteem, media literacy, homophobia, the labor movement, gender roles, career counseling, nuclear war, reproductive health hazards, the women's health movement, gay and lesbian parenting and other social issues<ref>{{cite web\|title=Films that Challenge\|url=http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/00may/cdf.htm\|publisher=New England Film\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Human Rights Film Directory Resources\|url=http://db.lib.washington.edu/hrfilms/resources.htm\|publisher=University of Washington\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> .	2011-05-16T18:40:39Z	'''Cambridge Documentary Films''' is a non profit organization established in Massachusetts in 1974. The purpose of the organization is to create new perspectives on important social issues and give voice to groups and individuals whose perspectives are ignored by mainstream media<ref>{{cite web\|title=A Voice for Social Change\|url=http://newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/02september/lazarus.htm\|publisher=New England Film\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> . Cambridge Documentary Films produces and distributes award winning documentaries to thousands of universities, community organizations, schools, libraries and public interest organizations throughout the United States and the world. These films have won numerous awards, including an Academy Award<ref>{{cite web\|title=Nominees and Winners for the 66th Academy Awards\|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/1990-1999/66nominees.html\|publisher=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> and have been screened at the UN General Assembly, The White House, the Office of the Vice President, the US Congress and numerous state houses. The subjects include: advertising's image of women, domestic violence, trauma, rape, eating disorders, self esteem, media literacy, homophobia, the labor movement, gender roles, career counseling, nuclear war, reproductive health hazards, the women's health movement, gay and lesbian parenting and other social issues<ref>{{cite web\|title=Films that Challenge\|url=http://www.newenglandfilm.com/news/archives/00may/cdf.htm\|publisher=New England Film\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Human Rights Film Directory Resources\|url=http://db.lib.washington.edu/hrfilms/resources.htm\|publisher=University of Washington\|accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> .	2011-05-16T18:43:26Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Alexander_Mackenzie_premiership&diff=1010868055&oldid=1010850762	* '''[[April 8]]''' - The [[Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act\|Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act]] is passed, establishing the [[Supreme Court of Canada]].	2021-03-07T17:56:16Z	* '''[[April 8]]''' - The [[Supreme Court Act\|Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act]] is passed, establishing the [[Supreme Court of Canada]].	2021-03-07T19:42:29Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_state_leaders_by_century&diff=3312199&oldid=3310136	1860s: [[Heads of State in 1860\|1860]] - [[Heads of State in 1861\|1861]] - [[Heads of State in 1862\|1862]] - [[Heads of State in 1863\|1863]] - [[Heads of State in 1864\|1864]] - [[Heads of State in 1865\|1865]] - [[Heads of State in 1866\|1866]] - [[Heads of State in 1867\|1867]] 1860s: [[Heads of State in 1867\|1867]] - [[Heads of State in 1868\|1868]] - [[Heads of State in 1869\|1869]]	2004-04-23T17:49:54Z	*1860s: [[Heads of State in 1860\|1860]] - [[Heads of State in 1861\|1861]] - [[Heads of State in 1862\|1862]] - [[Heads of State in 1863\|1863]] - [[Heads of State in 1864\|1864]] - [[Heads of State in 1865\|1865]] - [[Heads of State in 1866\|1866]] - [[Heads of State in 1867\|1867]] - [[Heads of State in 1868\|1868]] - [[Heads of State in 1869\|1869]]	2004-04-23T18:04:29Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veto&diff=581588656&oldid=581588609	A '''veto''' – Latin for "I forbid" – is the power (used by an officer of the state, for example) to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation. A veto can be absolute, as for instance in the [[United Nations Security Council veto power\|United Nations Security Council]], whose permanent members ([[China]], [[France]], [[Russia]], [[United Kingdom]], [[United States of America]] [[North Korea]]) can block any resolution. Or it can be limited, as in the legislative process of the United States, where a two-thirds vote in both the [[United States House of Representatives\|House]] and [[United States Senate\|Senate]] may '''override''' a Presidential veto of legislation.<ref>[[Article One of the United States Constitution#Clause 2: From bills to law\|Article I, Section 7, Clause 2]] of the [[United States Constitution]]</ref> A veto only gives power to stop changes, not to adopt them (except for the rare "amendatory veto"). Thus a veto allows its holder to protect the status quo.	2013-11-14T05:50:09Z	A '''veto''' – Latin for "I forbid" – is the power (used by an officer of the state, for example) to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation. A veto can be absolute, as for instance in the [[United Nations Security Council veto power\|United Nations Security Council]], whose permanent members ([[China]], [[France]], [[Russia]], [[United Kingdom]], [[United States of America]], [[North Korea]]) can block any resolution. Or it can be limited, as in the legislative process of the United States, where a two-thirds vote in both the [[United States House of Representatives\|House]] and [[United States Senate\|Senate]] may '''override''' a Presidential veto of legislation.<ref>[[Article One of the United States Constitution#Clause 2: From bills to law\|Article I, Section 7, Clause 2]] of the [[United States Constitution]]</ref> A veto only gives power to stop changes, not to adopt them (except for the rare "amendatory veto"). Thus a veto allows its holder to protect the status quo.	2013-11-14T05:50:39Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_veto&diff=315913004&oldid=315912886	A '''Frankenstein veto''' occurs when a [[Governor (United States)\|Governor]] selectively deletes words from a bill, stitching the remainer (''à la'' [[Victor Frankenstein]]) to form a new bill different to that passed by the [[state legislature\|state legislature]].	2009-09-24T13:49:21Z	A '''Frankenstein veto''' occurs when a [[Governor (United States)\|Governor]] selectively deletes words from a bill, stitching the remainer (''à la'' [[Victor Frankenstein]]) to form a new bill different from that passed by the [[state legislature\|legislature]].	2009-09-24T13:49:58Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veto_Players&diff=114182564&oldid=114182420	Written by [[George Tsebelis]] in 2002, Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work [[[1]]] is an game theoretic analysis of political behaviour. In this work Tsebelis uses the concept of the veto player as a tool for analysing the outcomes of political systems. His primary focus is on legislative behaviour and outcomes.	2007-03-11T00:29:32Z	Written by [[George Tsebelis]] in 2002, Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work [1] is an game theoretic analysis of political behaviour. In this work Tsebelis uses the concept of the veto player as a tool for analysing the outcomes of political systems. His primary focus is on legislative behaviour and outcomes.	2007-03-11T00:30:06Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyphenated_ethnicity&diff=854087157&oldid=854087012	A '''hyphenated ethnicity''' is a reference to an ethnicity combined with the name of the country of residence. The term is an extension of the term "[[hyphenated American]]". The term refers to the use of a [[hyphen]] between the name of an ethnicity and the and the name of the country in [[compound noun]]s: [[Irish-American]], etc., although modern English language style guides recommend dropping the hyphen: "Irish American".	2018-08-08T21:42:22Z	A '''hyphenated ethnicity''' is a reference to an [[ethnicity]] combined with the name of the country of residence. The term is an extension of the term "[[hyphenated American]]". The term refers to the use of a [[hyphen]] between the name of an ethnicity and the and the name of the country in [[compound noun]]s: [[Irish-American]], etc., although modern English language style guides recommend dropping the hyphen: "Irish American".	2018-08-08T21:43:48Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Managing_the_news&diff=2640131&oldid=2640083	Trails (prior to a preplanned ''event'') in which information concerning the event is let out gradually in a way designed to create an air of currency, novelty and controversy about a forthcoming announcement (thereby enhancing its [[news values\|news value]]). Sometimes false trails may be set to increase the novelty of the event when it occurs, or to manage expectation (see below). Briefings (after an event, planned or otherwise) in which the event is given the most favourable (from the [[point of view]] of the subject) interpretation and emphasis. Setting the Agenda Driving the Agenda Firebreaking Stoking the Fire Burying Bad News Milking the Story Laundering Pre-emption Building a Personality Undermining a Personality Raising Expectations Lowering Expectations Controlling Access Bullying	2004-03-05T17:56:48Z	Trails (prior to a preplanned ''event'') in which information concerning the event is let out gradually in a way designed to create an air of currency, novelty and controversy about a forthcoming announcement (thereby enhancing its [[news values\|news value]]). Sometimes false trails may be set to increase the novelty of the event when it occurs, or to manage expectation (see below). Briefings (after an event, planned or otherwise) in which the event is given the most favourable (from the [[point of view]] of the subject) interpretation and emphasis. Setting the Agenda Driving the Agenda Firebreaking Stoking the Fire Burying Bad News Milking the Story Laundering Pre-emption Building a Personality Undermining a Personality Raising Expectations Lowering Expectations Controlling Access Bullying	2004-03-05T17:57:35Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praetorianism&diff=553718430&oldid=553718251	Daniel R. Headrick, professor of History and Social Sciences at the [[Roosevelt University]], describes praetorianism as a type of [[militarism]] oriented to the interior life of a nation, often related to minor countries, that does not aspire to fight or win international wars, but instead to mantain its influence in the domestic political system, controlling decisions that could affect the interests of the military as a corporation, or supporting some particular political faction or party.	2013-05-06T02:33:00Z	Daniel R. Headrick, professor of History and Social Sciences at [[Roosevelt University]], describes praetorianism as a type of [[militarism]] oriented to the interior life of a nation, often related to minor countries, that does not aspire to fight or win international wars, but instead to mantain its influence in the domestic political system, controlling decisions that could affect the interests of the military as a corporation, or supporting some particular political faction or party.	2013-05-06T02:34:39Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Split_vote&diff=2857238&oldid=2837467	A '''split vote''', or vote splitting, occurs in an [[election]] when the existence of two or more candidates that represent relatively similar viewpoints among voters reduces the votes received by each of them, reducing the chances of any one of them winning against another candidate, who represents a significantly different viewpoint. These can lead to a candidate that represents the viewpoints of a minority of voters winning.	2004-03-20T00:48:23Z	A '''split vote''', or vote splitting, occurs in an [[election]] when the existence of two or more candidates that represent relatively similar viewpoints among voters reduces the [[vote\|votes]] received by each of them, reducing the chances of any one of them winning against another candidate, who represents a significantly different viewpoint. These can lead to a candidate that represents the viewpoints of a minority of voters winning.	2004-03-20T00:52:02Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_occasion&diff=786495327&oldid=786495270	In Germany only the [[President of Germany]] has the authority to authorise an act of state at the federal level. Acts of State are typically held for former Presidents, Chancellors, Presidents of the Bundestag and sometimes for Presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court and members of the federal cabinet.<ref>[http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/298638/publicationFile/8984/staatsakte.pdf Anordnung über Staatsbegräbnisse und Staatsakte vom 2. Juni 1966]	2017-06-19T20:46:46Z	In Germany only the [[President of Germany]] has the authority to authorise an act of state at the federal level. Acts of State are typically held for former Presidents, Chancellors, Presidents of the Bundestag and sometimes for Presidents of the Federal Constitutional Court and members of the federal cabinet.<ref>[http://www.bmi.bund.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/298638/publicationFile/8984/staatsakte.pdf Anordnung über Staatsbegräbnisse und Staatsakte vom 2. Juni 1966]</ref>	2017-06-19T20:47:09Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Ecological_Parties&diff=26268113&oldid=26268075	Contact: World Ecological Parties, Feldbergstr. 3-7, D-55118 Mainz	2005-10-23T12:50:35Z	Contact: World Ecological Parties, Feldbergstr. 3-7, D-55118 Mainz	2005-10-23T12:51:15Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corporate_entertainment&diff=113862247&oldid=113861634	These events can be for retreats, christmas parties or even a private concerts. The companies that provides corporate entertainment are called Corporate Event Planners or Corporate Booking Agencies. Here is a list of some companies that dedicate themselves to corporate entertainment:	2007-03-09T16:49:11Z	These events can be for retreats, [[christmas]] parties or even a private concerts. The companies that provides corporate [[entertainment]] are called Corporate Event Planners or Corporate Booking Agencies. Here is a list of some companies that dedicate themselves to [[corporate]] entertainment:	2007-03-09T16:52:05Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naked_butler&diff=556256521&oldid=556251330	<ref>Hunks in Trunks - The Original Naked Butler and Chef Company[http://www.hunksintrunks.co.uk]]</ref>	2013-05-22T11:39:30Z	<ref>[http://www.hunksintrunks.co.uk Hunks in Trunks - The Original Naked Butler and Chef Company]</ref>	2013-05-22T12:26:33Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Out-of-home_entertainment&diff=821078484&oldid=821078346	In the US alone, there are nearly 30,000 attractions comprising of theme and amusement parks, attractions, water parks, family entertainment centers, zoos, aquariums, science centers, museums, and resorts, producing a total nationwide economic impact of $219 billion in 2011, according to the leading international industry association, [[International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions]] (IAAPA).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iaapa.org/resources/by-park-type/amusement-parks-and-attractions/industry-statistics\|title=Amusement Park and Attractions Industry Statistics\|website=www.iaapa.org\|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> The industry directly employs more than 1.3 million and indirectly generates 1 million jobs in the US, creating a total job impact of 2.3 million.	2018-01-18T07:25:34Z	In the US alone, there are nearly 30,000 attractions comprising of theme and amusement parks, attractions, water parks, family entertainment centers, zoos, aquariums, science centers, museums, and resorts, producing a total nationwide economic impact of $219 billion in 2011, according to leading international industry association, [[International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions]] (IAAPA).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iaapa.org/resources/by-park-type/amusement-parks-and-attractions/industry-statistics\|title=Amusement Park and Attractions Industry Statistics\|website=www.iaapa.org\|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref> The industry directly employs more than 1.3 million and indirectly generates 1 million jobs in the US, creating a total job impact of 2.3 million.	2018-01-18T07:26:57Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fake_news&diff=1018014119&oldid=1018013994	The Palestinian Islamist political organization, [[Hamas]] published a political program in 2017 intended to ease its position on Israel. Among other things, this charter accepted the borders of the Palestinian state circa the [[Six-Day War]] of 1967.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/01/middleeast/hamas-charter-palestinian-israeli/index.html\|title=Hamas says it accepts '67 borders, but doesn't recognize Israel\|last=Dewan\|first=Angela\|date=May 5, 2017\|work=CNN\|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref> Although this document is an advancement from their previous 1988 charter, which called for the destruction of the State of Israel, it still does not recognize Israel as legitimate independent nation.<ref name="auto7" /> In a May 2017 video, Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu responded to the coverage of this event by news outlets such as ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', [[CNN]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'', labeling their reporting "fake news".<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Swanson \|first1=Ian \|title=Netanyahu attacks US media as 'fake news' \|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/332340-netanyahu-attacks-us-media-as-fake-news \|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)\|The Hill]] \|access-date=15 April 2021 \|language=en \|date=8 May 2017}}</ref> He specifically disagreed with the notion that Hamas had accepted the state of Israel within their new charter, and called this "a complete distortion of the truth". Instead he said, "The new Hamas document says Israel has no right to exist." ''[[Haaretz]]'' fact-checked the video, stating, "Netanyahu, following in the footsteps of Trump, is deliberately twisting the definition of 'Fake News' to serve his own needs."<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Sommer \|first1=Allison Kaplan \|title=Netanyahu accused CNN, NYT of being 'fake news.' So we fact-checked his fact-check \|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-pm-lashed-out-at-the-media-we-fact-checked-his-fact-check-1.5469978 \|website=[[Haaretz]] \|access-date=15 April 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> In a later speech, addressed to his supporters, Netanyahu responded to allegations against him: "The fake news industry is at its peak{{nbsp}}... Look, for example, how they cover with unlimited enthusiasm, every week, the left-wing demonstration. The same demonstrations whose goal is to apply improper pressure on law enforcement authorities so they will file an indictment at any price." ''[[The Washington Post]]'' likened use of the term ''fake news'' for describing left-wing media to Donald Trump's similar statements during the [[2016 United States elections\|2016 United States election]] cycle.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/echoing-trump-a-defiant-netanyahu-attacks-fake-news-as-investigations-heat-up/2017/08/13/021f712e-7ecd-11e7-b2b1-aeba62854dfa_story.html\|title=Echoing Trump, a defiant Netanyahu attacks 'fake news' as investigations heat up\|last=Morris\|first=Loveday\|date=August 13, 2017\|work=The Washington Post\|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref>	2021-04-15T20:46:43Z	The Palestinian Islamist political organization, [[Hamas]] published a political program in 2017 intended to ease its position on Israel. Among other things, this charter accepted the borders of the Palestinian state circa the [[Six-Day War]] of 1967.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite news\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/01/middleeast/hamas-charter-palestinian-israeli/index.html\|title=Hamas says it accepts '67 borders, but doesn't recognize Israel\|last=Dewan\|first=Angela\|date=May 5, 2017\|work=CNN\|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref> Although this document is an advancement from their previous 1988 charter, which called for the destruction of the State of Israel, it still does not recognize Israel as legitimate independent nation.<ref name="auto7" /> In a May 2017 video, Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu responded to the coverage of this event by news outlets such as ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', [[CNN]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'', labeling their reporting "fake news".<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Swanson \|first1=Ian \|title=Netanyahu attacks US media as 'fake news' \|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/media/332340-netanyahu-attacks-us-media-as-fake-news \|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)\|The Hill]] \|access-date=15 April 2021 \|language=en \|date=8 May 2017}}</ref> He specifically disagreed with the notion that Hamas had accepted the state of Israel within their new charter, and called this "a complete distortion of the truth". Instead he said, "The new Hamas document says Israel has no right to exist." ''[[Haaretz]]'' fact-checked the video, stating, "Netanyahu, following in the footsteps of Trump, is deliberately twisting the definition of 'Fake News' to serve his own needs."<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Sommer \|first1=Allison Kaplan \|title=Netanyahu accused CNN, NYT of being 'fake news.' So we fact-checked his fact-check \|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-pm-lashed-out-at-the-media-we-fact-checked-his-fact-check-1.5469978 \|website=[[Haaretz]] \|access-date=15 April 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> In a later speech, addressed to his supporters, Netanyahu responded to allegations against him: "The fake news industry is at its peak{{nbsp}}... Look, for example, how they cover with unlimited enthusiasm, every week, the left-wing demonstration. The same demonstrations whose goal is to apply improper pressure on law enforcement authorities so they will file an indictment at any price." ''[[The Washington Post]]'' likened his use of the term ''fake news'' for describing left-wing media to Donald Trump's similar statements during the [[2016 United States elections\|2016 United States election]] cycle.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/echoing-trump-a-defiant-netanyahu-attacks-fake-news-as-investigations-heat-up/2017/08/13/021f712e-7ecd-11e7-b2b1-aeba62854dfa_story.html\|title=Echoing Trump, a defiant Netanyahu attacks 'fake news' as investigations heat up\|last=Morris\|first=Loveday\|date=August 13, 2017\|work=The Washington Post\|access-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref>	2021-04-15T20:47:51Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silet_(TV_program)&diff=1145602575&oldid=1145523668	\| language = [[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]	2023-03-19T16:00:10Z	\| language = Indonesian	2023-03-20T01:01:08Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amusement_Today&diff=799856130&oldid=799856057	\| Best Water Ride (Park) \|\|Valhalla (Pleasure Beach Blackpool)\|\|[[Blackpool Pleasure Beach]]	2017-09-10T06:53:00Z	\| Best Water Ride (Park) \|\|[[Valhalla (Pleasure Beach Blackpool)\|Valhalla]]\|\|[[Blackpool Pleasure Beach]]	2017-09-10T06:53:35Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheerleading_in_Australia&diff=748633385&oldid=748548243	** Cheer Unlimited Australia (CUA). Founded in 2011<ref>http://www.cheerunlimitedaustralia.com.au/our-story/</ref> and based in Western Australia, CUA runs events in WA, South Australia, and Queensland.<ref>CUA web site,[http://www.cheerunlimitedaustralia.com.au/ home page] and see also the pages for individual competitions.</ref>	2016-11-08T20:10:58Z	** Cheer Unlimited Australia (CUA). Founded in 2011<ref>http://www.cheerunlimitedaustralia.com.au/our-story/</ref> and based in Western Australia, CUA runs events in WA, South Australia, and Queensland.<ref>CUA web site,[http://www.cheerunlimitedaustralia.com.au/ home page] and see also the pages for individual competitions.</ref>	2016-11-09T09:28:12Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basket_toss&diff=252836794&oldid=252836701	A stunt performed in [[cheerleading]] using 3 or more [[bases]] to toss a [[flyer]] into the air. Two of the bases interlock their hands. While in the air, the flyer does some type of jump, ranging from [[toe-touches]]to [[herkies]] before returning to the cradle. <ref>Basket-Toss in <http://www.wetv.com/cheerleaders/cheer-dictionary/>, 2008.</ref>	2008-11-19T19:38:32Z	A stunt performed in [[cheerleading]] using 3 or more [[bases]] to toss a [[flyer]] into the air. Two of the bases interlock their hands. While in the air, the flyer does some type of jump, ranging from [[toe-touches]] to [[herkies]] before returning to the cradle. <ref>Basket-Toss in <http://www.wetv.com/cheerleaders/cheer-dictionary/>, 2008.</ref>	2008-11-19T19:39:01Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midnight_Madness_(basketball)&diff=255002919&oldid=255002873	In recent years most basketball programs from large [[Division I]] schools plan a [[pep rally]] with MC's, music, dancing and other festivities to encourage support of the program. Often celebrity guest and alumni get involved in entertaining the current students. Often there is significant publicity surrounding the event.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://collegebasketball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=594522\|title=Midnight Madness preview\|accessdate=2008-11-30\|publisher=[[Rivals.com]]\|date=Skwara, Andrew}}	2008-11-30T15:17:59Z	In recent years most basketball programs from large [[Division I]] schools plan a [[pep rally]] with MC's, music, dancing and other festivities to encourage support of the program. Often celebrity guest and alumni get involved in entertaining the current students. Often there is significant publicity surrounding the event.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://collegebasketball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=594522\|title=Midnight Madness preview\|accessdate=2008-11-30\|publisher=[[Rivals.com]]\|date=Skwara, Andrew}}</ref>	2008-11-30T15:18:27Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nfinity_Athletic_Corporation&diff=267220835&oldid=267219296	• 2008 Best New Service – Nfinity Nation <ref>[http://www.spiritindustrytrade.com/pages/?s=4 SITA]	2009-01-29T17:05:58Z	• 2008 Best New Service – Nfinity Nation<ref>[http://www.spiritindustrytrade.com/pages/?s=4 SITA]	2009-01-29T17:13:57Z