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Q6194619

Jim Devine Early life Devine was born and brought up in Blackburn, West Lothian and was educated in Bathgate. He served as the election agent for Livingston Constituency Labour Party and the local MP Robin Cook from the 1983 general election until Cook died in 2005. From 1994 to 1995 he was the Chairman of the Scottish Labour Party.Prior to his election, Devine worked as a full-time trade union official for the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) and then as Head of Health in the Scottish Region of the public sector union after UNISON was formed in 1993. Before becoming a trade union official Devine was a mental health nurse, having trained and worked at Bangour Village Hospital in Dechmont. Parliamentary career He was selected to succeed Robin Cook as the Labour Party candidate in the ensuing 2005 Livingston by-election following Cook's sudden death. He won, defeating his SNP rival though Labour's majority was reduced by more than 10,000 votes. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 25 October 2005.He served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Health Minister Rosie Winterton until he resigned in protest at the decision to replace Trident. He was also a member of the Science and Technology as well as the Scottish Affairs Select Committees.In October 2010, Devine's former office manager Marion Kinley won a complaint of unfair dismissal and breach of contract against him. An employment tribunal ruled that Devine had subjected Kinley to "a course of bullying and harassment". During the hearing, Devine was accused of perpetrating a hoax suggesting that newspapers were investigating the two of them. He was said to have used a friend, Fiona Fox, to pose as an investigative journalist. Compensation of £35,000 was ordered to be paid.On Devine's failure to pay the compensation of £35,000, bankruptcy proceedings were instituted against him and he was adjudicated bankrupt on 23 February 2011. MPs' expenses On 2 June 2009, Devine was referred to the Labour Party's 'star committee' with a status of 'urgent' in connection with allegations involving expense claims submitted for a company that never existed. He had gained the backing of his local party members a week prior to the hearing, but the panel unanimously recommended he should be deselected. He was thereafter barred from standing as a candidate for the Labour Party in the next UK general election. Prosecution and conviction On 5 February 2010 it was announced that Devine was to be prosecuted over his expense claims. The former Livingston MP initially faced two charges under section 17 of the Theft Act 1968 of false accounting. The first charge alleged that between July 2008 and April 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £3,240 for cleaning services using false invoices. The second charge alleged that in March 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £5,505 for stationery using false invoices. He denied the charges, though in a live Channel 4 interview when questioned: "So you got a receipt from somebody you were paying as a member of staff, and submitted it as stationery?" by journalist Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Devine replied: "Yes. This was allowed at the time."On 27 May 2010 Devine, Elliot Morley, David Chaytor and Lord Hanningfield (Paul White) appeared at Southwark Crown Court for a preliminary hearing. They faced charges of false accounting under the Theft Act.Devine's trial began on 2 February 2011. The indictment he faced ultimately included three counts of false accounting under the Theft Act 1968. On 10 February 2011 he was found guilty on two counts of false accounting (relating to false claims for a total of £8,385) but not guilty on another count (relating to £360). Sentencing was adjourned for four weeks. On 31 March 2011 Devine was sentenced to 16 months imprisonment. He was released from prison on 1 August 2011 after serving a quarter of his sentence. He was freed under the home detention curfew scheme, under which prisoners who are deemed to pose a low risk are tagged and released early after serving at least a quarter of their sentence. His release was met with anger from groups including the TaxPayers' Alliance.As a result of his conviction and sentence, Devine was automatically expelled from the Labour Party. Personal life Devine used to live in Blackburn, West Lothian. He is divorced from his wife Liz, and has a daughter and a son.In 2005, Devine admitted to a number of affairs and a conviction for drink driving. After his release from prison, Devine moved to Killarney, Ireland to start a new life.

8235576462218346245

Q2688463

Austell, Georgia History The area that is now Austell was frequented by game hunters and trappers on their way to the area's salt licks. These early visitors claimed the area's waters had medicinal properties. It soon became a destination for therapeutic healing, leading to the founding of a town known as Salt Springs. As immigration increased and demand for land near the spring grew, G. O. Mozely donated and subdivided 40 acres (16 ha) of his land, enhancing the loose settlement with a street plan. Later, the spring was renamed Lithia Springs due to the water containing lithium carbonate, and the neighboring city of Lithia Springs was founded in 1882. In 1888, the lithia spring water was bottled and sold under the commercial name Bowden Lithia Spring Water. The historic lithia spring water is still bottled and sold under the name brand Lithia Spring Water. The Georgia Pacific Railway chose the town of Austell to be a station depot, being the dividing point for the major Birmingham and Chattanooga railway lines.Austell was incorporated in 1885. The town is named for General Alfred Austell (1814–1881), in recognition of his efforts to bring major railways to the South. General Austell also founded the Atlanta National Bank (later renamed First Atlanta), which eventually became part of Wachovia and later Wells Fargo through various mergers and acquisitions. General Austell is buried in an elaborate Gothic Revival-style mausoleum at the highest point in Atlanta's Oakland Cemetery.In 2009, Sweetwater Creek flooded, destroying many homes and businesses in the Austell area. Geography Austell is located along the southern border of Cobb County at 33°48′57″N 84°38′10″W (33.815905, −84.636242). A small portion of the city extends south into Douglas County. It is bordered by Lithia Springs to the south and Mableton to the east. The city of Powder Springs is 4 miles (6 km) to the northwest. U.S. Route 78 passes through the city, leading east 15 miles (24 km) to downtown Atlanta and west 8 miles (13 km) to Douglasville.According to the United States Census Bureau, Austell has a total area of 6.0 square miles (15.5 km²), of which 0.015 square miles (0.04 km²), or 0.24%, is water. Topography Sweetwater Creek, a tributary of the Chattahoochee River, flows through the city, passing north, then east of the city center. The area is relatively flat, with few large hills. Economy The economy of Austell in its early years was largely tied to the rail depot, transferring people and goods and allowing many residents to commute to nearby Atlanta in pursuit of higher paying, more abundant jobs. Passengers no longer move by rail to or from Austell, though. Other industry includes recycling paper and plastics with exports going as far as China. Annual events The City of Austell holds an annual July 4 fireworks celebration. Points of interest Six Flags Over Georgia, a large tourist attraction, is located in unincorporated Cobb County 7 miles (11 km) southeast of downtown and has an Austell mailing address.The Collar Community Center located near downtown is used for civic organizations and local get-togethers.South Cobb Recreation Center is a 21,000-square-foot (2,000 m²) facility that offers a gym, two multipurpose rooms, a caterer's kitchen, six offices, a conference room, three restrooms and a lobby. It has an occupational capacity of 939. Sports During summer, softball games are nearly a continual occurrence with city leagues having 30 games and 450 players. In addition to cheerleading, 32 teams of over 500 youths are sponsored by the Sweetwater Vally Youth Association. Five lighted fields accommodate baseball and softball aficionados. Collar Park and Washington Street Park both have tennis courts. Parks and recreation The Austell Parks and Recreation Department maintains five recreational facilities and seven parks Berry Park, a passive park, Collar Park and Legion Park which are both community parks, and Pine Street, Stephens, Washington Street and Berry Park which are neighborhood parks. Combined, they all cover an area of 36.2 acres (14.6 ha). Government The city of Austell has seven elected officials: Mayor, representatives of four wards and two representatives at-large. Media The locally read newspapers include South Cobb Patch, Atlanta Journal-Constitution and Fulton County Daily Report. Transportation Austell is 4 miles (6 km) north of Interstate 20. It also sits on the divergence of two rail lines, one to Birmingham and the other to Chattanooga.

14130332987711346439

Q5570863

Global mental health Global mental health is the international perspective on different aspects of mental health. It is 'the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide'. There is a growing body of criticism of the global mental health movement, and has been widely criticised as a neo-colonial or "missionary" project and as primarily a front for pharmaceutical companies seeking new clients for psychiatric drugs.In theory, taking into account cultural differences and country-specific conditions, it deals with the epidemiology of mental disorders in different countries, their treatment options, mental health education, political and financial aspects, the structure of mental health care systems, human resources in mental health, and human rights issues among others.The overall aim of the field of global mental health is to strengthen mental health all over the world by providing information about the mental health situation in all countries, and identifying mental health care needs in order to develop cost-effective interventions to meet those specific needs. The global burden of disease Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders make a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease (GBD). This is a global measure of so-called disability-adjusted life years (DALY's) assigned to a certain disease/disorder, which is a sum of the years lived with disability and years of life lost due to this disease within the total population. Neuropsychiatric conditions account for 14% of the global burden of disease. Among non-communicable diseases, they account for 28% of the DALY's – more than cardiovascular disease or cancer. However, it is estimated that the real contribution of mental disorders to the global burden of disease is even higher, due to the complex interactions and co-morbidity of physical and mental illness.Around the world, almost one million people die due to suicide every year, and it is the third leading cause of death among young people. The most important causes of disability due to health-related conditions worldwide include unipolar depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar depression and dementia. In low- and middle-income countries, these conditions represent a total of 19.1% of all disability related to health conditions. Treatment gap It is estimated that one in four people in the world will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives. Although many effective interventions for the treatment of mental disorders are known, and awareness of the need for treatment of people with mental disorders has risen, the proportion of those who need mental health care but who do not receive it remains very high. This so-called "treatment gap" is estimated to reach between 76–85% for low- and middle-income countries, and 35–50% for high-income countries.Despite the acknowledged need, for the most part there have not been substantial changes in mental health care delivery during the past years. Main reasons for this problem are public health priorities, lack of a mental health policy and legislation in many countries, a lack of resources – financial and human resources – as well as inefficient resource allocation.In 2011, the World Health Organization estimated a shortage of 1.18 million mental health professionals, including 55,000 psychiatrists, 628,000nurses in mental health settings, and 493,000 psychosocial care providers needed to treat mental disorders in 144 low- and middle-income countries. The annual wage bill to remove this health workforce shortage was estimated at about US$4.4 billion. Prevention Prevention is beginning to appear in mental health strategies, including the 2004 WHO report "Prevention of Mental Disorders", the 2008 EU "Pact for Mental Health" and the 2011 US National Prevention Strategy. NIMH or the National Institute of Mental Health has over 400 grants. Criticism One of the most prominent critics of the Movement for Global Mental Health has been China Mills, author of the book Decolonizing Global Mental Health: The Psychiatrization of the Majority World.Mills writes that:This book charts the creeping of psychology and psychiatry across the borders of everyday experience and across geographical borders, as a form of colonialism that comes from within and from outside, swallowed in the form of a pill. It maps an anxious space where socio-economic crises come to be reconfigured as individual crisis – as 'mental illness'; and how potentially violent interventions come to be seen as 'essential' treatment.Another prominent critic is Ethan Watters, author of Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche.

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Q3783379

Harley-Davidson Shovelhead engine The Shovelhead engine is a motorcycle engine that was produced by Harley-Davidson from 1966 to 1984, built as a successor to the previous Panhead engine. When the engine was first produced, the Shovelhead had a shallower combustion chamber, larger valve drop for both intake and exhaust, better porting, and stronger valves and pistons. This gave the new engine an extra 10 horsepower, along with a different appearance. The engine gained the nickname “Shovelhead” due to the look of the rocker heads having the appearance of an old coal shovel that was flipped upside down, giving the appearance of a shovel. While the engine did have problems earlier in its timeline, the new and improved motor gave Harley-Davidson a 26% sales increase. History The Shovelhead engine was created as the previous Panhead engine was becoming obsolete, with many Harley-Davidson owners demanding more power to compete with the more modern motorcycles. Throughout the Shovelhead’s run, the engine had many different changes made to it to improve power, cooling and oil consumption. The engines had only 10 fins for cooling, which caused them to run hot. Another problem was that oil would pool in the cylinder heads, causing it to leak into the valves and burn oil. Another problem was that oil would pool in the crankcase rather than being pumped, causing the engine to overheat and seriously harm performance. Oil leakage and consumption became such a problem with the bikes, many owners reported losing as much as a quart of oil every 500 miles. The excessive overheating in the motors also caused serious problems, which frequently led to failure. With a lack of oil and excessive heat, the valves were prone to sticking and destroying the top end. Numerous Harley technicians even stated that without necessary top-end modifications, the motors would often last only between 500 and 5,000 miles. With Harley-Davidson trying to fix the engine rather than research and develop, they fell far behind the competition of the cheaper and more reliable Japanese bikes taking control over the market.As a way to try to combat their financial struggles, the company merged with the American Machine and Foundry (known as AMF) hoping to gain help from their struggles. After AMF took control, the merged company started to make attempts at improving the engine with their own funds. In 1970, the alternator was redesigned for less strain, hidden behind a new and redesigned side case. The carburetors were changed to Zenith-Bendix, improving flow and power that started to gain a better image for the engine. However, in 1974, the engine started to show many more problems. With the United States involved in the 1973 oil crisis, gasoline had a much lower octane and consistency that severely hurt the engine’s performance. Engine knock became a large problem; causing overheating that led to blown gaskets and damaged head bolts. AMF tried to combat this by producing more units in 1976 despite the engine’s problems, which ended up leading to a damaged employee reputation, along with seriously declined quality in their units. After realizing they would need some serious improvement to fix their current situation, they produced some updates in 1978 to the engine that consisted of a larger displacement, and steel struts cast into the pistons to prevent them from expanding from the heat. However, the changes were not enough for the declining quality of American fuel at the time. Valves and guides were prone to problems, along with more overheating, detonation, and oil consumption.Another problem that arose in 1979 was that the motors were fitted with electronic ignition units, which were prone to failure. Many owners would swap the units for an older point-ignition system for reliability. The larger compression ratio on the newer engines was still a serious problem, due to the low fuel quality and octane. With many Shovelhead owners having to turn towards aftermarket parts to keep the bike running properly, Harley-Davidson realized they would have to start developing a new engine. Towards the end of the Shovelhead's production, Harley-Davidson made numerous modifications in an attempt to keep the engine usable for production. Belt drive was added to their motorcycles in 1980 to prevent the oil leakage from the enclosed chain, along with a 5-speed transmission and rubber motor mounts to help reduce vibration. In 1981, Harley Davidson purchased AMF's share of the company back, adding a new oil pump, improved valve guides, and lowering the compression to help the engines run on the lower quality gasoline in the United States. The engine was produced until 1984, where the Evolution engine, which had aluminum heads and barrels, began to take over on most models. The engine could still be found in certain models such as the FLH in 1985, but was shortly replaced by the succeeding Evolution engine. Usage The Shovelhead engine was ultimately fitted to all of Harley-Davidson's big twin motorcycles throughout its production. The motors were first met with controversy due to the Shovelhead's weight and ground clearance. Because of this steering and weaving became a new issue that arose with motorcycles fitted with the engine. To bring more models into production, the FX Super Glide was released in 1971 with a "chopper" look that was ultimately an FLH with a Sportster front. This brought the motorcycle scene at the time to a broader audience and improved sales for the company. The FLH was also available with an Electra-glide package, which was used as a police engine for the motorcycles. It allowed the engines to turn over for a longer period while idling, along with having an electric start. Because of the added weight of the larger engine on motorcycles with the Electra-glide package, the bikes were faster and more powerful at the trade off of being much harder to maneuver. Due to the police package being a rarity, it is highly sought after by collectors. Today, the engines are commonly used by classic motorcycle enthusiasts for restoration projects due to the engine's simple transmission, high torque, and smooth powerband.

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Q6492776

Lasalle & Koch Lasalle & Koch Co. or Lasalle's was a department store in Toledo, Ohio, United States, with branches in some nearby communities. History Lasalle's traces its beginnings to a store opened in 1865 by Jacob Lasalle and Joseph Epstein, at 51 Summit Street. In 1883, Joseph Koch joined the business, which relocated to a new store at the corner of Summit and Adams Streets. In 1900, the Lasalle & Koch Co. opened a new store at the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Superior Street. This store was enlarged several times, and in 1916, ground was broken for a new store at Adams and Huron Streets.The Lasalle & Koch Co. opened its flagship downtown Toledo store at 513 Adams Street in 1917. The company was purchased by R.H. Macy Co. in 1923.In November 1927, Lasalle & Koch Co. completed the addition of three upper floors, and to celebrate, commissioned mural artist Arthur Covey to create a series of paintings about Toledo-area industries which were exhibited in the store's display windows.Lasalle and Koch retained a great deal of autonomy, with Alfred B. Koch, son of Joseph Koch, serving as president until his untimely death in 1937. He was succeeded by another Lasalle and Koch veteran, Louis Epstein.During the postwar era, Lasalle's expanded by opening branches in the downtown shopping districts of smaller Northwest Ohio cities: Bowling Green (1945), Tiffin (1947), Sandusky (1949), and Findlay (1955).In late 1957 and most of 1958, there was a 13-month-long strike against Lasalle's and two other Toledo department stores, Lamson's and The Lion Store, by the Retail Clerks International Association, which later became the United Food and Commercial Workers. The strike was settled by a "Statement of Understanding" under which the striking workers were reinstated to their jobs but the union was not recognized.In 1962, Lasalle's opened their first suburban Toledo location, a free-standing store at Toledo's Westgate Center. Lasalle's third Toledo store, in the Woodville Mall, east of Toledo in suburban Northwood, opened in 1969. It was the first Lasalle's store in an enclosed shopping mall. Their fourth Toledo location, the 162,000 sq. ft. North Towne Square store, opened in 1980. Consolidation and sale All Lasalle's stores were converted to the Macy's name in 1981. At the time of the name change, Lasalle's operated the flagship downtown Toledo store, and suburban branches at Westgate, North Towne Square, and Woodville Mall. Lasalle's also had stores in the downtown shopping districts of Bowling Green, Sandusky, Findlay, and Tiffin.In 1981, Lasalle's and Macy's Missouri-Kansas were consolidated into a new division known as Macy's Midwest. Following the name change in 1981, Macy's Midwest closed the Lasalle's executive offices, credit department, and buying department, and moved their functions to Kansas City. (This earlier incarnation of Macy's Midwest should not be confused with the one headquartered in St. Louis, which followed the Federated acquisition of Macy's.) After two years of gradually reducing the floor space of the downtown store by closing floors, Macy's Midwest closed the downtown flagship store. The stores in Bowling Green, Sandusky, and Tiffin were closed between 1982 and 1985.Macy's sold the remaining Toledo area and Findlay stores and their Toledo warehouse to Dayton retailer Elder-Beerman in 1985. Elder-Beerman now operates a store at the Westgate Village Shopping Center at 3301 Secor Road in Toledo as well as in communities near Toledo including Bowling Green, Ohio, Monroe, Michigan, Adrian, Michigan, Findlay, Ohio, Sandusky, Ohio and Defiance, Ohio. The Toledo North Towne Square and Woodville Mall stores have since closed, and Findlay store was relocated to the Findlay Village Mall by Elder-Beerman in the late 1980s. The only remaining former Lasalle's store is the Elder-Beerman at Westgate Village.The downtown Toledo building stood neglected and vacant for thirteen years. In 1996, developers converted the store to apartments and retail space. The building is part of the Madison Avenue Historic District.The downtown Sandusky store was converted into offices for Erie County, Ohio in the 1990s.The current Macy's store in Toledo's Franklin Park Mall has no connection with the Lasalle's stores. It was opened in 1971 by the J.L. Hudson Company of Detroit. Hudson's and Dayton's had merged in 1969, but each division kept their respective identities and divisional management. All Dayton-Hudson stores adopted the Marshall Field's nameplate in 2001, during which time corporate parent Dayton-Hudson had adopted the name of their former subsidiary, Target. The May Co. purchased Marshall Field's from Target Corp. in 2004, after some speculation that the department store business was dragging down Target's corporate profits. In 2005, the May Co. itself was bought by Federated. On September 9, 2006, the Franklin Park store became a Macy's, as did the rest of the Marshall Field stores.

15584488877083934583

Q349249

Ram Khamhaeng Birth and name Ram Khamhaeng was a son of Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, who ruled as Pho Khun Si Inthrathit, and his queen, Sueang, though folk legend claims his real parents were an ogress named Kangli and a fisherman. He had two brothers and two sisters. The eldest brother died while very young. The second, Ban Mueang, became king following their father's death, and was succeeded by Ram Khamhaeng on his own death.At age 19, he participated in his father's successful invasion of the city of Sukhothai, formerly a vassal of the Khmer, establishing the independent Sukhothai Kingdom. Due to his courage in the war, he allegedly was given the title "Phra Ram Khamhaeng” or “Rama the Bold”. After his father's death, his brother Ban Mueang ruled the kingdom, assigning Ram Khamhaeng control of the city of Si Satchanalai.The Royal Institute of Thailand speculates that Ram Khamhaeng's birth name was "Ram" (derived from Rama, the name of the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana), for his name following his coronation was "Pho Khun Ramarat" (Thai: พ่อขุนรามราช). Furthermore, the tradition at the time was to give the name of a grandfather to a grandson; according to the 11th Stone Inscription and Luang Prasoet Aksoranit's Ayutthaya Chronicles, Ram Khamhaeng had a grandson named "Phraya Ram", and two grandsons of Phraya Ram were named "Phraya Ban Mueang" and "Phraya Ram".In English, an alternate spelling of his name is Ramkhamhaeng. The title Maharat (Thai: มหาราช) is the Thai translation of “the Great”. Accession Tri Amattayakun (Thai: ตรี อมาตยกุล), a Thai historian, suggests that Ram Khamhaeng should have acceded to the throne in 1279, the year he planted a sugar palm tree in Sukhothai. Prasoet na Nakhon of the Royal Institute speculates that this was a tradition of Thai-Ahom monarchs, who planted banyan or sugar palm trees on their coronation day in the hope that their reign would achieve the same stature as the tree. The most significant event at the beginning of his reign, however, was the elopement of one of his daughters, May Hnin Thwe-Da, with the captain of the palace guards, a commoner. The commoner founded the Burmese Hanthawaddy Kingdom and commissioned compilation of the Code of Wareru, which provided a basis for the law of Thailand used in Siam until 1908, and in Burma to the present. Reign Ram Khamhaeng sent embassies to Yuan China from 1282 to 1323 and imported the techniques to make the ceramics now known as Sangkhalok ceramic ware. He had close relationships with the rulers of nearby city-states, especially Ngam Muang, the ruler of neighboring Phayao (whose wife, according to legend, he seduced), and King Mangrai of Chiang Mai. His campaign against Cambodia left the Khmer country "utterly devastated." According to Thai history, Ram Khamhaeng is credited with creating the Thai alphabet (Lai Nangsue Thai) from a combination of the Sanskrit, Pali, and Grantha alphabets.It is speculated that Ram Khamhaeng expanded his kingdom as far as Lampang, Phrae, and Nan in the north, Phitsanulok and Vientiane in the east, the Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom in the south, the Mon kingdoms of what is now Myanmar in the west, and the Bay of Bengal in the northwest. However, in the mandala political model, kingdoms such as Sukhothai lacked distinct borders, instead being centered on the strength of the capital itself. Claims of Ram Khamhaeng's large kingdom were intended to assert Siamese dominance over mainland Southeast Asia. Death According to the Chinese History of Yuan, King Ram Khamhaeng died in 1298 and was succeeded by his son, Loe Thai, though George Cœdès thinks it "more probable" it was "shortly before 1318". Legend states he disappeared in the rapids of the rivers of Sawankhalok. Another possible source states he was slain by a Malay warrior princess named Adruja Sriwijayamala Singha during a battle between Thai and Malay armies, in a campaign to conquer Malay lands which make up a third of modern Thailand today. The Ram Khamhaeng Inscription Much of the traditional biographical information comes from the inscription on the Ram Khamhaeng stele, composed in 1292, and contains vague facts about the king. It is now found in the Bangkok National Museum. The formal name of the stele is the "King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription". It was added to the Memory of the World Register in 2003 by UNESCO. Sangkhalok ceramic ware Ram Khamhaeng is credited with bringing the skills of ceramic making from China and laying the foundation of a strong ceramic ware industry in the Sukhothai Kingdom. Sukhothai for centuries was the major exporter of the ceramics known as "Sangkhalok ware" (Thai: เครื่องสังคโลก) to countries such as Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and even to China. The industry was one of the main revenue generators during his reign and long afterwards. Banknote The reverse of the 20 Baht note (series 16), issued in 2013, depicts images of the royal statue of Ram Khamhaeng seated on the Manangkhasila Asana Throne, and commemorates the invention of the Thai script by the king. Honour Ramkhamhaeng University, the first open university in Thailand with campuses throughout the country, was named after Ram Khamhaeng.

15824678114553545022

Q7831449

Tracie Morris Tracie Morris is an award-winning American poet. She has also served as a performance artist, vocalist, voice consultant, page-based writer, critic, scholar, bandleader, actor and consultant. Morris is from Brooklyn, New York. Morris' sound poetics have long been progressive and improvisational. She is a tenured professor. Education Tracie Morris earned a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Poetry at Hunter College and her Ph.D in Performance Studies at New York University with an emphasis on speech act theory, poetry and Black aesthetics, under the supervision of José Esteban Muñoz. She also studied classical British acting at The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (London) and American acting techniques and voice at Michael Howard Studios. Career Morris writes about abuse, power, race, gender and the body, among other topics, through reverberation and accumulative alterations or substituting, thereby creating dynamic and intimate work. Although primarily known for her live performances, Morris has written several books and has been heavily anthologized as a writer as a poet, interviewer and essayist. Morris emerged as a poet, performer and writer from the Lower East Side poetry scene in the early 1990s. She became known as a local poet in the "slam" scene of the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in New York City, New York, and eventually made the 1993 Nuyorican Poetry Slam team, the same year she won the Nuyorican Grand Slam. She competed in the 1993 National Poetry Slam held that year in San Francisco with other poets from the Nuyorican team. Morris also won the "national haiku slam" that year and her interest in the form lead her to Asia to research poetic forms and cultures from the region in 1998. She is the recipient of NYFA, Creative Capital, Asian Cultural Council and other grants, fellowships, residencies and other awards for poetry including the Yaddo, Millay, MacDowell colonies. She has been a member of the MLA (Modern Language Association), Associated Writing Programs, The Shakespeare Society and The Shakespeare Forum. Her work has been featured in Fuse Magazine, The Amsterdam News, The Village Voice, Tribes Magazine, Bomb Magazine, The Brooklyn Rail and San Francisco Weekly as well as many cultural and scholarly journals. She has performed at Lincoln Center, St. Mark's Poetry Project, CBGBs, Lollapalooza, SxSW, The Whitney Museum, MoMA, Albertine, The New Museum, Centre Pompidou (Paris), Centre for Creative Arts (Durban), Victoria and Albert Museum, Queensland Poetry Festival (Brisbane, Melbourne) and many other regional, national, and international venues. She has presented her work throughout Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe. Morris began performing with music from the outset of her poetry career— those initial collaborations beginning with musicians she met as a member of the Black Rock Coalition. Morris' work is embraced by slam and performance poets as well as the Language Poets, a contemporary poetic avant-garde. She is featured, for example, on Charles Bernstein's Close Listening radio program and was featured at a 2008 conference on Conceptual Poetics alongside Bernstein, Marjorie Perloff, Craig Dworkin and others. Morris also received the Creative Capital Performing Arts award in the year 2000. In addition to being an experimental poet, Morris writes poetry in conventional forms and forms. Morris is known as a sound artist and specialist in sound poetry as well as an occasional theatrical performer. (She is also a singer with composer/musician Elliott Sharp's band, Terraplane, and her eponymous band.) She has studied British acting technique as well as Laban and Meisner techniques in the United States. Her work was featured in the 2002 Whitney Biennial. In 2008 her poem "Africa(n)" was included on the compilation album Crosstalk: American Speech Music (Bridge Records; produced by Mendi & Keith Obadike). Morris has taught in several institutions of higher education (she is a full professor at Pratt Institute, specializing in Performance Studies, literature and popular culture, African diaspora culture, Shakespearean sonnets, and voice). She was the 2007-2008 Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania, is a 2018 Master Artist of the Atlantic Center for the Arts and the 2018 WPR Fellow at Harvard University. Morris presents workshops on creative writing, voice and strategic planning for activists, artists, youth, women, underserved communities as well as private and non-profit organizations. She has served on panels, given talks and has been a guest artist for prestigious educational organizations including Modern Language Association, Associated Writing Program, Columbia University, Princeton University, MIT, Pomona College, Dartmouth College, Smith College, University of Arizona, among others. Morris has been a consultant for educational and arts organizations. She has served on Board of Trustees/Board of Directors, committees and Artist Advisory boards for: the New York Foundation for the Arts, New York State Council on the Arts, the Black Rock Coalition, Pew Center for Arts and Culture, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, the Creative Capital Foundation, the Community of Literary Magazines and Presses, Pratt Institute and the Cave Canem Foundation, among others. She is also an in-demand workshop leader for innovative poetry conducting intensives for many organizations including St. Mark's Poetry Project, Atlantic Center for the Arts, Poets' House, Naropa University, Kore Press and Cave Canem Foundation. Books Chap-T-Her Won, 1993, TM Ink''Intermission, 1998, Soft Skull Press"Rhyme Scheme", 2012, Zasterle PressHandholding: 5 kinds, 2016, Kore Press Best American Experimental Writing 2016 (a.k.a. BAX 2016) co-edited with Charles Bernstein, Seth Abramson, Jesse Damiani, Wesleyan University Press, 2017Per Form/Hard Kore: joca seria press 2017 (English with French translation by Olivier Brosard, Vincent Broqua, Abigail Lang) Who Do With Words: Chax Press 2018 Poetry Boating DuozetuorSlave Sho' to Video Aka Black but BeautifulThe Mrs. Gets Her Ass KickedProject PrincessLeonine Viewing

5682663746004756831

Q5179897

Cox Mill High School Background In 2006, Cabarrus County officials began looking for land in the western portion of the county for a high school that would alleviate the overcrowding at Northwest Cabarrus High School and Jay M. Robinson High School. Land was found in the burgeoning Cox Mill area of Concord, near the Odell Community, approximately three miles from the Mecklenburg County line.On October 8, 2007, the name "Cox Mill High School" was chosen by the Cabarrus County Board of Education over other candidates including "Odell High School", "West Winds High School", and "Bernie Edwards High School" (in honor of the longtime Northwest Cabarrus football coach and Concord mayor). Cabarrus schools superintendent Harold Winkler's name was also considered by the board, but Winkler himself asked that it be removed from consideration.On March 21, 2008, Robinson High School principal Todd Smith was named the principal of Cox Mill High School. In October 2008, the school announced that its official mascot would be called the Cox Mill Chargers. In 2018, Andrew Crook was renamed Cox Mill's principal. Mark Lowry, Casey Campbell, and Jacqueline Shomaker hold assistant principal positions. Academics In its first year, Cox Mill High School was awarded with the title of a School of Excellence. The designation of School of Excellence is achieved if a school has at least 90% of their students performing at or above a Level 3 on end-of-course testing. Athletics During Cox Mill's first year of athletics, the swim team placed third in the conference and sent many kids to regionals and states. The women's tennis team was undefeated. In the 2010–2011 year, all sports teams improved, including the football team winning 7 games and making the playoffs.In 2011, Cox Mill's women's soccer team earned the school's first-ever conference championship in any sport, sharing the South Piedmont Conference title with Jay M. Robinson. The Chargers finished the regular season with an 18-3-1 record (13–1 in conference play) and earned the school's second NCHSAA playoff berth in as many years.The 2011–2012 wrestling coach was Jimmy Meyers. In 2012, the men's junior varsity basketball team were undefeated.In 2013, the men's varsity basketball team won the SPC Championship against the Concord Spiders 7-4. Also, in 2014, the men's varsity basketball team won the SPC Championship.In 2016-2017, the Women's Volleyball team earned the NCHSAA 3A State Championship title for the Fall 2016 season, after remaining undefeated with a 35-0 record. The Men's Basketball team also won the title of State Champions for their season.In the beginning of the 2017-2018 school year the CMHS Cross Country team swept meets consistently at Frank Liske Park, Vietnam Veterans' Park, Central Cabarrus High School, and McAlpine Greenway Park. The CMHS Cross Country team won the Regional Championship at Frank Liske Park on October 3, 2017 for the first time in the school's history. The CMHS Cross Country Women, and selected Men went to compete in States. The Women's Varsity Golf Team won their conference tournament and earned their first-ever regional title. After a successful Fall 2018 season, the CMHS Cross Country Team won the 2018 SPC Championship for both Men and Women, being back-to-back champions. Following this, both the Men's and Women's Cross Country members competed at the State level on November 3rd, 2018.As reported by NC Milesplit: (UPDATED 8/26/2019 NOT COMPLETE)Women's Track & Field Team Records- 100m, 12.06 Tori Elliot, 5/18/2012- 400m, 57.83 Tracey Manigault, 7/20/2018- 800m, 2:28.94 Hannah Watson, 3/22/2016- 1500m, 5:17.44 Jessie Connick, 6/22/2019- 1600m, 5:33.21 Jessie Connick, 4/17/2019- 3000m, 11:34.79 Jessie Connick, 6/22/2019- 3200m, 11:57.63 Jessie Connick, 3/27/2019- 110mH, 14.14 Akira Rhodes, 6/19/2015- 300mH, 44.91 Tracey Manigault, 5/11/2019Men's Track & Field Team Records- 100m, 10.74 Avin Lane, 5/4/2016- 200m, 21.76 Avin Lane, 5/20/2016- 400m, 50.24 Avin Lane, 3/7/2017- 800m, 2:00.10 William Stanley, 4/27/2017- 1500m, 4:49.46 Spencer Connick, 6/22/2019- 1600m, 4:37.14 Bradley Bernett, 5/11/2019- 3000, 10:13.68 Spencer Connick, 6/22/2019- 3200, 9:54.55 Jack Trabucco, 5/13/2017- 110mH, 14.67 Elijah Goins, 5/11/2013- 300mH, 41.40 Geoffrey Cunningham, 5/13/2017 Feeders The middle school that feeds into Cox Mill High School is Harris Road Middle School, located in Concord, North Carolina. Odell Elementary School and Cox Mill Elementary School feed directly into Harris Road Middle School.

4645439442634355619

Q893453

Unsinkable Sam History The cat's original name is unknown. The name "Oscar" was given by the crew of the British destroyer HMS Cossack that rescued him from the sea following the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck. "Oscar" was derived from the International Code of Signals for the letter 'O', which is code for "Man Overboard" (the German spelling, "Oskar", was sometimes used since he was a German cat). Bismarck The black and white patched cat was supposedly owned by an unknown crewman of the German battleship Bismarck and was on board the ship on 18 May 1941 when she set sail on Operation Rheinübung (German for Rhine Exercise), Bismarck's only mission. Bismarck was sunk after a fierce sea-battle on 27 May, from which only 115 from her crew of over 2,100 survived. Hours later, Oscar was found floating on a board and picked from the water by the British destroyer HMS Cossack. Unaware of what his name had been on Bismarck, the crew of Cossack named their new mascot "Oscar". HMS Cossack The cat served on board Cossack for the next few months as the ship carried out convoy escort duties in the Mediterranean Sea and north Atlantic Ocean. On 24 October 1941, Cossack was escorting a convoy from Gibraltar to Great Britain when she was severely damaged by a torpedo fired by the German submarine U-563. Crew were transferred to the destroyer HMS Legion, and an attempt was made to tow the badly listing Cossack back to Gibraltar. However, worsening weather conditions meant the task became impossible and had to be abandoned. On 27 October, a day after the tow was slipped, Cossack sank to the west of Gibraltar. The initial explosion had blown off one third of the forward section of the ship, killing 159 of the crew, but Oscar survived this too and was brought to the shore establishment in Gibraltar. HMS Ark Royal Now nicknamed "Unsinkable Sam", the cat was soon transferred to the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, which coincidentally had been instrumental in the destruction of Bismarck (along with Cossack). However, Sam was to find no more luck there, and when returning from Malta on 14 November 1941 this ship too was torpedoed, this time by U-81. Attempts were also made to tow Ark Royal to Gibraltar, but the unstoppable inflow of water made the task futile. The carrier rolled over and sank 30 miles from Gibraltar. The slow rate at which the ship sank meant that all but one of the crew could be saved. The survivors, including Sam, who had been found clinging to a floating plank by a motor launch and described as "angry but quite unharmed", were transferred to HMS Lightning and the same HMS Legion which had rescued the crew of Cossack. Legion would itself be sunk in 1942, and Lightning in 1943.The loss of Ark Royal proved the end of Sam's shipborne career. He was transferred first to the offices of the Governor of Gibraltar and then sent back to the United Kingdom, where he saw out the remainder of the war living in a seaman's home in Belfast called the "Home for Sailors". Sam died in 1955. A pastel portrait of Sam (titled Oscar, the Bismarck's Cat) by the artist Georgina Shaw-Baker is in the possession of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. Historicity Some authorities question whether Oskar/Sam's biography might be a "sea story", because – for example – there are pictures of two different cats identified as Oskar/Sam. The sinking of Bismarck and rescue of a limited number of survivors took place in desperate conditions; British ships were ordered not to stop as there was believed to be a U-boat in the area, and many survivors were left to die of exposure. Pointedly, there is no mention of this incident in Ludovic Kennedy's detailed account of the sinking, suggesting that information later gleaned from sailors regarding the cat's true service were apocryphal.

13955945401559263458

Q1624302

Holbæk Museum History Holbæk Museum was founded in 1910 as "Folkemuseet for Holbæk og omliggende Herreder" ("Museum of Folklore of Holbæk and Surrounding Hundrets"). The museum first opened its doors to the public on 1 November 1911 and was then based in the restored building of Holbæk Priory.In 1919 the museum moved to a new building in Søren Mays Gaard (Klosterstræde 16 and the building to its rear). It has later taken over more buildings and now comprises 13 historic buildings. In 2009, Holvæk Museum opened the satellite museum at Bakkekammen 45. On 1 January 2013, it was merged with several other local museums in the western part of Zealand to form Museum Vestsjælland. Klosterstræde 19: Old Town Hall Holbæk's old town hall at Klosterstræde 18 contains an auditorium, museum shop, tourist information, café and administration.The two-storey building is from 1844 and was designed by F.F. Friis. The triangular pediment above the main entrance features king Christian VIII's monogram. The building was Golbæk's first purpose-built town hall. The local administration had until then been based in the south wing of Golbæk Priory on the other side of the street (Klosterstræde No. 7). The new town also contained the town jail. Holbæk's second town hall was inaugurated in 1911 but the building was still used for administrative functions until the inauguration of the third town hall in 1979. Part of the building was then used as library until Holbæk Museum took over the entire building in 1989.1911. Klosterstræde 16: Søren May House The half-timbered building at Klosterstræde 16 was built as private residence by pastor Søren May in about 1670. The building fronting the street and the building to its rear was originally part of a three-winged complex but the north wing was demolished in about 1900. The building was in 1844 acquired by the city and used as poorhouse and school until 1915 when it was taken over by the museum.The building contains an exhibition about Holbæk from the Middle Ages until 1870. The upper floor is for children and has a Hans Christian Andersen theme. Klosterstræde 14: Borchs Haandgjerningsskole The two-storey building at Klosterstræde 14 was originally part of the Søren May House. The upper floor was added after the town took over the property in 1744. The building was used for school purposes. It has been part of the museum since 1971 and is now used by the museum's textile guild and is also home to the museum's library and offices. Klosterstræde 8: Alfred and Johanne Jacobsen House Klosterstræde 8 shows a reconstruction of the home where Alfred and Johanne Jacobsen lived with their 11 children in 1940. Merchant house and Grocery store The Merchant House is the only building which has been moved to the site. It was originally located at the site where the newspaper Nordvestnyt is now headquartered. The two-storey, half-timbered building is from 1660 and is the old main wing of a larger complex built by the shipowner Christen. The house stands on a foundation of large granite ashlars which is believed to originate from the first St Nicolas' Church, Holbæk's old parish church. Thomsen. The complex served its original purpose until the beginning of the 20th century but was demolished in 1937 except for the building that was moved.The building now features reconstructed interiors from the first half of the 19th century with residence office and a Grocery store which is open for business on special dates, selling copies of toys, spices, candy and other goods. Old school Friskolen (literally "The Free School") is a former public school from 1867. It is a two-storey brick building with yellow dressing. The upper floor is an addition from 1888. The school was founded in 1942 and was first based in the now demolished north wing of the Søren May House. The new school building was in the beginning of the 20th century replaced by Østre Skole ("Rastern School"). The old building was used as a military barracks during World War I and later as social housing. It was taken over by the museum in 1930.The building is now used for temporary exhibitions and is also home to ArcheoLAB where children can try out techniques used by archeologists. Pilot boat The former pilot boat KDL Lodsbåden was acquired by Holbæk Museum in 1999 and put through a major renovation at Holbæk Dockyard to bring it back to its original state. It is now operated and maintained by volunteers from the Boat Guild. The aim of the Boat Guild is to preserve the ship as well as knowledge about Holbæk's maritime history with seafaring and ship building.KDL Lodsbåden was built in 1922 for Rørvig Pilot Service at Frederikssund Dockyard and transferred to Holbæk Pilot Service in 1926. The boat was acquired by Port of Holbæk in 1954 and by a private owner in 1972. Tea Pavilion The Tea Pavilion dates from approximately 1859 and was located in the garden of the local chemist. It has timber framing of pine timber and is covered by a zinc roof. It originally had a plaster ceiling and wooden floor.In 1937, when the chemist's garden was converted into a public park, its pavilion was moved to Sct. Elisabeth Hospital (now Elisabethcentret). In 1990 it was dismantled in connection with an expansion of the healthcare centre and rebuilt in its original location in what is now Bysøparken.

3297846628792702365

Q48458848

The Venue (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) Plot Jake (Andy Samberg) and Amy (Melissa Fumero) announce that they have set a date for the wedding: May 2018 and work on getting a specific venue. However, they're notified that their venue has been taken by The Vulture (Dean Winters), who is marrying a woman named named Jean Munhroe (Maria Thayer) on that date.Jake and Amy find that Jean is a kind charity worker who is inheriting a large sum of money and decide to catch The Vulture cheating on her. They pretend to be a woman on a dating app, to whom The Vulture sends pics of his penis. They confront him about it, to which he regrets, explaining that he has changed and is not going for the money, as he is deeply in love with her. He promises to give them the venue if they remain quiet. Despite this, they tell the truth to Jean, who dumps The Vulture. Jake and Amy decide to hold an after-party after The Vulture uses the venue for a wrestling match.Meanwhile, Boyle (Joe Lo Truglio) and Rosa (Stephanie Beatriz) investigate the disappearance of Sergeant Peanut Butter, the horse that overshadowed Boyle's presentation. They find him in a warehouse by a man who flees by setting it on fire. Boyle manages to get the horse out in time but the media falsely give credit to the horse, much to his dismay. Later, Rosa reveals she got evidence enough so Boyle can get the credit. Also, Holt (Andre Braugher) tries to convince Terry to be less image-conscious after Terry (Terry Crews) begins to prepare a party for a cop he accidentally offended. Viewers In its original American broadcast, "The Venue" was seen by an estimated 1.65 million household viewers and gained a 0.6/2 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This was 10% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 1.50 million viewers with a 0.6/2 in the 18-49 demographics. This means that 0.6 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. With these ratings, Brooklyn Nine-Nine was the third highest rated show on FOX for the night, behind The Mick and Lethal Weapon, sixth on its timeslot and fifteenth for the night, behind The Mick, The Mayor, Kevin (Probably) Saves the World, Law & Order True Crime, The Flash, Lethal Weapon, Black-ish, Fresh Off the Boat, NCIS: New Orleans, Bull, The Middle, NCIS, The Voice, and This Is Us. Critical reviews "The Venue" received positive reviews from critics. Genevieve Valentine of The A.V. Club gave the episode a "B-" grade and wrote, "When Brooklyn Nine-Nine is on its game, it's one of television's warmest half-hours. (See the donut-hole cold open that gets an offhand callback halfway through the episode just because.) But after sticking a toe into more serious waters early in the season, 'The Venue' seems like a deliberate attempt to bring some lighter screwball energy back into the season. Unfortunately, there's also a sense that the show panicked a little somehow about why everyone likes it, and tried too hard in places it didn't need to try rather than letting the episode rest on its strengths."Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx wrote, "I've said it before and I'll say it again: one of the reasons Jake and Amy have been such an entertaining couple is that the show only occasionally tells stories about their couplehood, and can often go whole episodes without acknowledging that they're dating/engaged. So when we get a full-on Peralta/Santiago tale like in 'The Venue,' you know it's because someone in the writers room had a fun idea for the two of them, rather than because they felt they had to service the show's primary romance."

11819042238623829546

Q360433

Franklin Chang Díaz Family and education Franklin Ramón Chang Díaz was born in San José, Costa Rica on April 5, 1950 to a Costa Rican father of Chinese descent, Ramón Ángel Chang Morales, an oil worker whose own father fled China during the Boxer Rebellion. His mother is also Costa Rican, María Eugenia Díaz Romero. One of six children, he has a younger sister, Sonia Rosa (born December 1952) and his mother, brothers and sisters live in Portland. His elder daughters are Jean Elizabeth (born December 1973) and Sonia Rosa (born March 1978) who is a member of the Massachusetts Senate. He married Peggy Marguerite Doncaster in the United States on 17 December 1984 and his younger daughters are Lidia Aurora (born March 1988) and Miranda Karina (July 1995), both born in Houston, Texas.He graduated from Colegio de La Salle in San José in November 1967, then moved to the United States to finish his high school education at Hartford Public High School in Connecticut, in 1969. He went on to attend the University of Connecticut, where he earned a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering and joined the federal TRIO Student Support Services program in 1973. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he earned a Ph.D. degree in applied plasma physics in 1977. For his graduate research at MIT, Chang Díaz worked in the field of fusion technology and plasma-based rocket propulsion. NASA career Chang Díaz was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980 and first flew aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-61-C in 1986. Subsequent missions included STS-34 (1989), STS-46 (1992), STS-60 (1994), STS-75 (1996), STS-91 (1998), and STS-111 (2002). During STS-111, he performed three extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) with Philippe Perrin as part of the construction of the International Space Station. He was also director of the Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center from 1993 to 2005. Chang Díaz retired from NASA in 2005. Post-NASA career After leaving NASA, Chang Díaz set up the Ad Astra Rocket Company, which became dedicated to the development of advanced plasma rocket propulsion technology. Years of research and development have produced the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR), an electrical propulsion device for use in space. With a flexible mode of operation, the rocket can achieve very high exhaust speeds, and with a sufficiently powerful electrical supply even has the theoretical capability to take a crewed rocket to Mars in 39 days.Chang Díaz also is active in environmental protection and raising awareness about climate change, notably in his role in Odyssey 2050 The Movie in which he encourages young people to get motivated about environmental issues. In addition, Chang Díaz is an Adjunct Professor in Physics and Astronomy at Rice University.He has been on the board of directors of Cummins since Dec 08, 2009. Awards and honors In 1986, Franklin Chang Díaz was one of twelve recipients of the Medal of Liberty. He was inducted into the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame on May 5, 2012 in a ceremony that took place in the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Also, due to his career and scientific success, he has been decorated multiple times in Costa Rica and named Honor Citizen by the national legislature. The Costa Rican National High Technology Center (CeNAT), among other institutions, is named after him. In 2014, Chang Díaz was awarded the "Buzz Aldrin Quadrennial Space Award" by The Explorers Club. Buzz Aldrin, whom Chang Díaz called a childhood hero, presented the award.

14946101005667342278

Q5258370

Dennis E. Puleston Approach to archaeology While several of Puleston’s contemporaries were concerned with human interactions with nature -- cultural ecology, Dennis’s approach was novel in its ability to juxtapose the micro and macro perspectives of these environments into one coherent argument. Traditional archaeological methods rest on theory interpreted through anthropological observations and repetition of artifactual data from site to site. However, a more encompassing approach was needed to address the problems Puleston was studying. Therefore, he set forth to test many of his theories through experiments in the environment. A wave of such approaches was evident in the aftermath of Puleston’s death, as evident in the book, Maya Subsistence: A Tribute to Dennis E. Puleston and In the recordings of the proceedings of Puleston's memorial conference (available at https://web.archive.org/web/20120515225809/http://findingaids.princeton.edu/getAid?eadid=WC012&kw= ), entitled "The History and Development of Maya Subsistence, which was held in October 1979 in Minneapolis. Unfortunately, arguments of environmental change since the 8th and 9th century decline of Lowland Maya societies have been convincing and have been used to undermine the experimental approach to archaeology to the point that it is now rarely practiced. Consequently, there is a waning in the study of ecology and archaeology through these experiments. Despite this, there are still questions to be answered through experimental means and a portion of the field, particularly in Europe, but also including American researchers like Clark Erickson and John P. Hart are actively involved in experimental archaeology to this day. Below are brief synopses of two of Puleston's works in experimental archaeology. Research into chultuns Chultuns are man-made holes in the ground and are found in many parts of Mesoamerica. They come in several forms, but they are all called by the same moniker. In 1971, Puleston wrote an article entitled, An Experimental Approach to the Function of Classic Maya Chultuns. Within this article, he shows that, despite the common name, there are several different types of chultuns and he suggests that these different styles were indicative of differing uses. In this article, he asserted that while the first chultuns documented where single chambers with plastered walls for holding and collecting water, the chultuns in the Tikal region were different in shape, not plastered, and did not hold water.Dr. Puleston conducted three experiments to test the chultuns. First, he filled a chultun with water and watched it drain away quickly. This lent credibility to his assertion that chultuns of this region were not for water storage. Next, Puleston built a chultun. To do so he created stone tools similar to those that would have been used to construct one 1,000 years ago. Upon completion, in 1966, Puleston filled the chultun with a diversity of locally produced dietary contributions, like maize, beans, squash, and cassava. Every two weeks, Puleston would pull the items out and document their state of preservation. These items were weighed, examined, and photographed. The observations were then compared to a control group that was store above ground. However, the control group was quickly consumed by rodents and insects. While the chultun stored produce was not consumed, the end products were also not consumable. Upon completion of this 11-week experiment, Puleston (1971) noted that, “while the chultun apparently offered valuable protection from vermin, it evidently could not be used for the storage of maize, beans, or squash”. The following year Puleston tried the experiment once more, but this time he added a nut from a local tree – the Brosium alicastrum (ramon) to the mix. O.F. Cook (1935) is cited in Puleston’s article as the originator of the idea that chultuns could have been used to store ramon nuts, however, without Puleston’s experiment this assertion had never been taken seriously. What Puleston found changed many archaeologists' opinion of the ramon's utility and its possible utilization in ancient Maya society. Not only did the ramon nuts survive the 13-week experiment that once again devastated the comparable crops, after 13 months, ”they were still in excellent condition and completely edible”. Puleston drew on these experiments for further work on the ramon as an alternative staple in the Maya diet. The resultant argument can be seen in a number of the linked articles below, and a synopsis of his findings is included below. Legacy Puleston was instrumental in the wave of investigation of subsistence ecology that followed his demise. A book, Maya Subsistence: Studies in Memory of Dennis E. Puleston, was written in dedication to Dennis and his passion. Many of Dennis’s friends and colleagues contributed to this book, in 1982. But the story did not end there. While there is a dwindling amount of study on ecological aspects of archaeology and even less utilization of experimental archaeology in the field today, there are some who remain dedicated to the pursuit of these answers and for many modern applied and/or experimental archaeologists, Puleston is an inspiration.In 2015, British Archaeological Reports published a collection of Puleston’s field work, edited and revised by Olga Stavrakis-Puleston. This volume represents the only full report of Puleston’s Tikal survey and also covers several related sub-projects, including excavations of Tikal satellite sites.

5469314565003645097

Q1533012

Mathilde Jacob Mathilde Jacob (8 March 1873 – 14 April 1943) was a German typist and translator who during the First World War became politically involved, working with the anti-war Spartacus League and as a founder member of the German Communist Party. She came to politics through her work for Rosa Luxemburg whose friend and close confidant she became. Although Mathilde Jacob continued to be politically engaged in the 1920s, her greater contribution to history comes from her having smuggled Luxemburg's letters and documents out of Luxemburg's prison cell during her friend's various incarcerations during the 1914–1918 war. She then preserved much of Luxemburg's written legacy after the latter's murder.By the time the Nazis took power early in 1933 Mathilde Jacob had for most purposes retired into obscurity, but her personal history of communist activism and her Jewishness nevertheless made her vulnerable. It is thought that she attempted to escape from Germany in 1936 but without success. In 1939 she did succeed in transferring some of the letters written to and by Rosa Luxemburg to the United States. She died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp, having been arrested and deported at the end of July 1942. Following Jacob's death, the authorities attending to her confiscated assets recorded a claim from her landlord that she was liable to pay for some repairs on her apartment, also noting that rent on the property had not been received for three months. Provenance and early years Mathilde Jacob was born in Berlin. She was the eldest child of Julius and Emilie Jacob who ran a small meat wholesale business. In 1907 she set herself up as a freelance typist and translator in the Berlin-Moabit quarter. In her little agency she at times employed an assistant, and at one stage she took on a trainee. Clients for whom she typed up manuscripts included the political radicals Julian Marchlewski, Franz Mehring and, from 1913, the influential philosopher Rosa Luxemburg. Jacob was deeply impressed by Luxemburg, and became supportive of the anti-militarist campaign in which Luxemburg was engaged. She is described in sources as having become Luxemburg's reliable confidant, and in practical terms was able to be particularly helpful during Luxemburg's various periods in prison, looking after her friend's apartment and attending to Mimi, the cat, who died while Luxemburg was away in prison. It is also clear that Luxemburg, who had not been convicted but for much or all of this time was simply being detained in "protective custody" was able to receive visitors and was not prevented from writing copiously while she was in prison. Jacob was able to smuggle several important manuscripts out of the jail, including the "Spartacus letters" ("news sheets") and the "Junius" pamphlet, Luxemburg's important critique of the crisis unfolding in the Social Democratic Party, in the wake of the party leadership's decision to agree what amounted to a parliamentary truce, notably on matters involving funding for the war, for its duration. However, although the Junius pamphlet subsequently became something of an iconic document, at the time it proved impossible to find a publisher for it till after Luxemburg's (temporary) release from prison in 1916. From 1917 Mathilde Jacobs also worked intensively with Luxemburg's political associate Leo Jogiches: their collaboration lasted well into the revolutionary period that Germany experienced directly after the war. Jacobs was certainly present at the three day party congress that started on 30 December 1918 which marked the foundation of the Communist Party of Germany. It is likely that she participated actively in it. Revolution and leadership killings During the weeks following the creation of the Communist Party, Berlin saw a new wave of revolutionary violence, which the communist leaders, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, declined to disown. With the savage aftermath the Russian Revolution still fresh in the minds of all concerned, the new German government ordered the immediate destruction of the left-wing uprising: the implementation of this instruction involved the killings by a Freikorps cavalry unit, on 15 January 1919, of both Luxemburg and Liebknecht. Luxemburg's body was thrown into a canal. Not quite five months later, early in June 1919, a body believed to be Rosa Luxemburg's was recovered. Mathilde Jacob and Luxemburg's friend, Wanda Marcusson, were summoned to corroborate its identification, which they did, largely on the basis of the dress and blue medallion accompanying the badly decomposed corpse. (The identification of the corpse remains contentious.) In the immediate aftermath of the killings, Mathilde Jacob, who seemed to be under less immediate threat than some of the more fiery comrades, assumed responsibility for the finances of the new party. However, she herself was arrested and detained between June and September 1919. Final years The Nazis took power at the start of 1933. Mathilde Jacob was subjected to the same repression and restrictions as everyone else identified as Jewish. She survived on a small pension and with small writing assignments. She was taken away on 27 July 1942 and deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. For many years it was known that she died there, but it is only recently, following the discovery and review in Israel of some records recovered from Theresienstadt, that her precise death date, 14 April 1943, was identified.

1541745255837088536

Q27662563

Askr Svarte Activity Askr Svarte is the author of several books about pagan traditionalism, Left Hand Path in Odinism and numerous polemic articles, including Gap (2013), Polemos: The Pagan Traditionalism (in two volumes, 2016), Approximation and encirclement (2017). The book Gap was republished under the title The Fascinating Abyss (2016) and was released in English under the title Gap: the Left Hand Path approach to Odinism.Since 2015 he is the chief editor of the annual traditionalist almanac Warha. To date, five issues of the almanac published including articles by authors such as the Richard Rudgley, Alain de Benoist, Stephen McNallen, Collin Cleary, Giovanni Sessa, Stefano Arcella, Giuseppe Armin, Wulf R. Grimsson, Veleslav, etc.Also participated in the first russian heathen magazine Rodnovery (2014), in the Ukrainian Internatianal Almanah Традиция и Традиционализм (2012-2013) and Традiция и традiцiоналiзм (2014-2015).In collaboration with Russian religious scholar Roman Shizhensky he took a part in the second volume of scientific almanach about Russian neopaganism the Colloquium Heptaplomeres (2015).Additionally he is also an author of first documentary movie about paganism in the city Novosibirsk Языческий Новосибирск (2014). In 2015 he joined to the project of documentary movie about Russian general Roman von Ungern-Sternberg supported by Russian Ministry of Culture and called The Last Campaign of Baron.Either in their community of pagans Svarte Aske they celebrating pagans dates and running an Asatru unity since 2011.Askr support folkish current in paganism and advocates anti-modernism and criticizes the technical progress. Background Evgeny Nechkasov is a descendant of Bessarabia Germans, were deported to Siberia on the eve of World War II. As a young man he wonders about the role of religion in life and become a pagan. Firslty he joined to Rodnovery, but soon finally rooted in German-Northern Tradition. According to his words: I don’t oppose Odinism to Asatru or other name-for-tradition, for me the names are secondary thing.In 2011 Askr created the community of pagans Svarte Aske unites representatives of Rodnovery and Odinism for the purpose of mutual assistance, advocacy of pagan worldview and spiritual self-knowledge. Since 2011 to nowadays community members celebrates solar dates and traditional holidays. One of the important activities of the community is the proliferation of videos, articles and books about paganism. Under the auspices of the community a number of articles, interviews and books has been translated into Russian and European languages. The Community develops and promotes the pagan philosophy and theology.Since 2012 Askr started to practice and write about the Left Hand Path in Odinism, as he called his view "Svarte Aske" that means "the way through darkside of Yggdrasil". This doctrine has common features with Hindu Tantra and Aghora, and with Veleslavs doctrine of "Шуйный путь". With emphasis on the existential experience of Nigredo stage and human being in Iron Age. From 2011 to 2014 Askr Svarte publish a several books with descriptions of his own spiritual and existential experience. With Veleslav he met in 2011, and since then maintained friendly relations and implement joint projects. His thought also influenced by René Guénon, Julius Evola, Martin Heidegger and Aleksandr Dugin.Former member of the Eurasian Youth Union, was the head of the local chapter in 2011–2013.

703417866640257123

Q65073737

Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area Purpose A marine protected area is defined by the IUCN as "A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values".This MPA is the first protection to critically endangered coastal ecosystem types in the Namaqua bioregion. The Northern Cape will benefit from additional ecotourism. Detailed ecosystem mapping and monitoring has been ongoing in this region since 1976 so this area can provide a baseline to understand human impacts of harvesting, mining, introduction of alien species and climate change. Extent The MPA is an inshore region in the depth range 0 to 150 m between the Spoeg River and Island Point, partly adjacent to the Namaqua National Park. The protected area includes the water column, the seabed and the subsoil inside the boundaries. Area of sea protected is 500 km² Zonation The MPA consists of one offshore restricted zone, six inshore controlled zones, and six inshore restricted zones. Ecology The MPA is in the warm temperate Bengeula ecoregion to the west of Cape Point which extends northwards to the Orange River. There are a moderately large proportion of species endemic to South Africa along this coastline.Four major habitats exist in the sea in this region, distinguished by the nature of the substrate. The substrate, or base material, is important in that it provides a base to which an organism can anchor itself, which is vitally important for those organisms which need to stay in one particular kind of place. Rocky shores and reefs provide a firm fixed substrate for the attachment of plants and animals. Some of these may have Kelp forests, which reduce the effect of waves and provide food and shelter for an extended range of organisms. Sandy beaches and bottoms are a relatively unstable substrate and cannot anchor kelp or many of the other benthic organisms. Finally there is open water, above the substrate and clear of the kelp forest, where the organisms must drift or swim. Mixed habitats are also frequently found, which are a combination of those mentioned above. There are no significant estuarine habitats in the MPA.Rocky shores and reefsThere are rocky reefs and mixed rocky and sandy bottoms. For many marine organisms the substrate is another type of marine organism, and it is common for several layers to co-exist. Examples of this are red bait pods, which are usually encrusted with sponges, ascidians, bryozoans, anemones, and gastropods, and abalone, which are usually covered by similar seaweeds to those found on the surrounding rocks, usually with a variety of other organisms living on the seaweeds.The type of rock of the reef is of some importance, as it influences the range of possibilities for the local topography, which in turn influences the range of habitats provided, and therefore the diversity of inhabitants. Sandstone and other sedimentary rocks erode and weather very differently, and depending on the direction of dip and strike, and steepness of the dip, may produce reefs which are relatively flat to very high profile and full of small crevices. These features may be at varying angles to the shoreline and wave fronts. There are fewer large holes, tunnels and crevices in sandstone reefs, but often many deep but low near-horizontal crevices.Kelp forestsKelp forests are a variation of rocky reefs, as the kelp requires a fairly strong and stable substrate which can withstand the loads of repeated waves dragging on the kelp plants. The Sea bamboo Ecklonia maxima grows in water which is shallow enough to allow it to reach to the surface with its gas-filled stipes, so that the fronds form a dense layer at or just below the surface, depending on the tide. The shorter Split-fan kelp Laminaria pallida grows mostly on deeper reefs, where there is not so much competition from the sea bamboo. Both these kelp species provide food and shelter for a variety of other organisms, particularly the Sea bamboo, which is a base for a wide range of epiphytes, which in turn provide food and shelter for more organisms.Sandy beaches and bottoms (including shelly, pebble and gravel bottoms)Sandy bottoms at first glance appear to be fairly barren areas, as they lack the stability to support many of the spectacular reef based species, and the variety of large organisms is relatively low. The sand is continually being moved around by wave action, to a greater or lesser degree depending on weather conditions and exposure of the area. This means that sessile organisms must be specifically adapted to areas of relatively loose substrate to thrive in them, and the variety of species found on a sandy or gravel bottom will depend on all these factors. Sandy bottoms have one important compensation for their instability, animals can burrow into the sand and move up and down within its layers, which can provide feeding opportunities and protection from predation. Other species can dig themselves holes in which to shelter, or may feed by filtering water drawn through the tunnel, or by extending body parts adapted to this function into the water above the sand.The open seaThe pelagic water column is the major part of the living space at sea. This is the water between the surface and the top of the benthic zone, where living organisms swim, float or drift, and the food chain starts with phytoplankton, the mostly microscopic photosynthetic organisms that convert the energy of sunlight into organic material which feeds nearly everything else, directly or indirectly. In temperate seas there are distinct seasonal cycles of phytoplankton growth, based on the available nutrients and the available sunlight. Either can be a limiting factor. Phytoplankton tend to thrive where there is plenty of light, and they themselves are a major factor in restricting light penetration to greater depths, so the photosynthetic zone tends to be shallower in areas of high productivity. Zooplankton feed on the phytoplankton, and are in turn eaten by larger animals. The larger pelagic animals are generally faster moving and more mobile, giving them the option of changing depth to feed or to avoid predation, and to move to other places in search of a better food supply. Endemism The MPA is in the cool temperate Benguela ecoregion to the west of Cape Point which extends northwards to the Orange River. There are a moderately large proportion of species endemic to South Africa along this coastline.

3176081380426116940

Q19974480

Charles Feltman Charles Feltman (1841–1910) was a German-American baker who in 1867 invented the hot dog at Coney Island,NY. From pushcart to restaurant mogul Feltman was born in 1841 in Germany and emigrated to America in 1856, at the age of fifteen. He was familiar with the frankfurter, named for Frankfurt-am-Main in his native land. Feltman's operation began operating a pushcart pie wagon at the Coney Island beach in 1867, selling food to beachgoers. In 1869 he came up with the idea of inserting a frankfurter in a specially-made elongated roll which could conveniently be held and eaten on the street or at the beach. Feltman called his 1869 creation the Coney Island red hot, and it was soon the eating rage.Henry Collins Brown, a New York historian, explained its attraction: "It could be carried on the march, eaten on the sands between baths, consumed on a carousel, used as a baby's nipple to quiet an obstreperous infant, and had other economic appeals to the summer pleasure seeker".However, it took some time for the public to decide what to call Feltman's creation. Frankfurter, sausage, Coney Island red hot; none of them really captured the public's imagination. Coney Island chicken and weenie (from the Austrian wienerwurst) both had their proponents. But it was popular uncertainty about exactly what kind of meat was in these casings that ultimately determined that it would be called "hot dog".in 1871, Feltman leased land and began building his restaurant complex. It achieved its heyday in the 1920s, serving nearly 5,250,000 people a year, being a large restaurant complex with several restaurants, two bars, a beer garden, a famous carousel, and other attractions, and offering many types of food beyond hot dogs.Nathan Handwerker was working at Feltman's as a roll slicer when he quit to found rival Nathan's. Handwerker undersold Feltman, offering hot dogs for five cents instead of ten, at a more downscale operation than Feltman's, but eventually Nathan's became the most successful and iconic Coney Island hot dog purveyor and a nationwide brand which thrived into the 21st century. Family and business after his death Feltman died in 1910 (he is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York) after which his family ran the business. Feltman's sons Charles L. Feltman and Alfred F. Feltman and grandson Charles A. Feltman, who had been operating the restaurant, sold the operation in 1946 to Alvan Kallman and others. The restaurant closed in 1954. The land was later used to construct the Astroland amusement park which opened in 1962 and closed in 2008, subsequently replaced by a new Luna Park. The last remnant of Feltman's – the building that had housed the kitchen – was demolished in 2010.Charles' Feltman's grandson Charles A. Feltman invented the Shooting Star Tommy Gun, a pneumatic BB machine gun used in fair and amusement park stalls for many decades and continuing well into the 21st century (the device is used by players to shoot out all traces of a red star on a paper target). Shooting Star Games was founded by Charles A. Feltman and continues to manufacture the device in the 21st century. There was for years a shooting gallery on the original Feltman's site.In the 2010s, entrepreneur Michael Quinn opened a hot dog emporium named Feltman's of Coney Island in New York's East Village, in homage to the original Feltman's and on Memorial Day, 2017, he cut the ribbon on a Coney Island location in the very structure where the aforementioned shooting gallery had been located, on the original Feltman's site.

17405080237969743169

Q7361155

Rollin Hotchkiss Rollin Douglas Hotchkiss (1911 – December 12, 2004) was an American biochemist who helped to establish the role of DNA as the genetic material and contributed to the isolation and purification of the first antibiotics. His work on bacterial transformation helped lay the groundwork for the field of molecular genetics. Education Hotchkiss was born in South Britain, Connecticut. The son of factory workers, he attended Yale University after scoring the highest in the nation on an achievement test. Hotchkiss earned a B.S. in chemistry in 1932, and remained at Yale for a Ph.D. in organic chemistry. After completing his doctoral work in 1935, Hotchkiss became a fellow of the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, where he would remain until retirement in 1982. Research career At the Rockefeller Institute, Hotchkiss initially worked as an assistant to Oswald Avery and Walter Goebel, and was encouraged to learn more biology at a summer courses at the Marine Biological Laboratory. His early work isolating and synthesizing derivatives of glucoronic acid led to the identification of one of the specific polysaccharides in the capsule of type III pneumococci. Hotchkiss spent the 1937-1938 academic year in the lab of Heinz Holter and Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang at Carlsberg Laboratory learning protein analysis techniques. In 1938, he began collaborating with René Dubos to isolate and study antibiotics produced by soil bacteria. Their work on gramicidin and tyrocidine led to the first commercial antibiotics, and with Fritz Lipmann they found that the antibiotics include D-amino acids.During the late 1930s, Hotchkiss was also strongly critical of the Bergann–Niemann hypothesis of protein structure, the proposal by fellow Rockefeller biochemists Max Bergmann and Carl Niemann that protein structures always consist of multiples of 288 amino acids. (This would also be a feature of Dorothy Wrinch's cyclol hypothesis of protein structure).In 1946, in the wake of the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment showing that DNA, not protein, had the power to transform bacteria from one type to another, Hotchkiss rejoined Avery's lab. His work on protein analysis helped answer Avery's critics who argued that the experiment was not sufficiently rigorous to rule out protein contamination (and thus the possibility that protein was the transforming factor). Hotchkiss found that virtually all the detected nitrogen in the purified DNA used in for the transformation experiments came from glycine, a breakdown product of the nucleotide base adenine, and estimated that undetected protein contamination was at most .02%, although he did not publish this result until 1952 (the year of the Hershey–Chase experiment). In 1948 Hotchkiss used paper chromatography to quantify the base composition of DNA and, independently of Erwin Chargaff, found that the base ratios differed from species to species.In 1951, Hotchkiss showed that purified bacterial DNA could be used to transfer penicillin resistance from one strain of bacteria to another without changing the capsule type (the main identifying feature of different types of the same bacterial species). His subsequent worked helped establish the basics of bacterial genetics, showing that many features of classical genetics (including genetic linkage) have parallels in bacteria, despite their lack of chromosomes. Hotchkiss continued working in molecular genetics until his retirement in 1982, including significant collaborations with Julius Marmur, Maurice Fox, Alexander Tomasz, Joan Kent, Sanford Lacks, Elena Ottolenghi, and his wife Magda Gabor-Hotchkiss.In the mid-1960s, Hotchkiss became interested in the potential dangers of genetic engineering (a term he helped to popularize). Through the early 1970s he articulated many of the concerns that led to the 1975 Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA.Hotchkiss was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences (elected in 1961), and served as president of the Genetics Society of America from 1971 to 1972. After leaving Rockefeller University in 1982, he worked as a research professor at the University at Albany, SUNY until retiring to Lenox, Massachusetts in 1986. Hotchkiss died December 12, 2004 of congestive heart failure.

4839986523481284064

Q541148

Conventional memory Breaching into the upper memory area One technique used on early IBM XT computers was to install additional RAM into the video memory address range and push the limit up to the start of the Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA). Sometimes, a custom address decoder was required for this to work. This moved the barrier to 704 KB (with MDA/HGC) or 736 KB (with CGA). Memory managers on 386-based systems, such as QEMM or MEMMAX (+V) in DR-DOS, could achieve the same effect, adding conventional memory at 640 KB and moving the barrier to 704 KB (up to segment 0xB000, the start of MDA/HGC) or 736 KB (up to segment 0xB800, the start of the CGA). Only CGA could be used in this situation, because Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) video memory was immediately adjacent to the conventional memory area below the 640 KB line; the same memory area could not be used both for the frame buffer of the video card and for transient programs.AllCard, an add-on memory management unit for XT-class computers, allowed normal memory to be mapped into the 0xA0000-0xEFFFF address range, giving up to 952 KB for DOS programs. Programs such as Lotus 1-2-3, which accessed video memory directly, needed to be patched to handle this memory layout. Therefore, the 640 KB barrier was removed at the cost of hardware compatibility.It was also possible to use console redirection (either by specifying an alternative console device like "AUX:" when initially invoking COMMAND.COM or by using CTTY later on) to direct output to and receive input from a dumb terminal or another computer running a terminal emulator. Assuming the System BIOS still permitted the machine to boot (which is often the case at least with BIOSes for embedded PCs), the video card could then be removed completely, and the system could provide a total of 960 KB of continuous DOS memory for programs to load.Similar usage was possible on many DOS- but not IBM PC compatible computers with a non-fragmented memory layout, for example the Victor 9000/Sirius 1 which supported up to 896 KB continuous DOS memory to be used under its custom version of MS-DOS. High memory area Intel 80286 and subsequent Intel CPUs support the protected mode, eliminating the 1 MB barrier. To take advantage of it, DOS extenders were created to allowed DOS applications to run in 16-bit or 32-bit protected mode, but these were not very widely used outside of computer gaming. With a 32-bit DOS extender, a game could benefit from a 32-bit flat address space and the full 32-bit instruction set without the 66h/67h operand/address override prefixes. The two most common specifications for DOS extenders were VCPI and DPMI. The former was not compatible with Windows 3.x and was soon supplanted by the latter.The most notable DPMI-compliant DOS extender may be DOS/4GW, shipping with Watcom. It was very common in games for DOS. Such a game would consist of either a DOS/4GW 32-bit kernel and a 32-bit "linear executable". Utilities were developed to strip DOS/4GW out of such a program and allow the user to experiment with any of the several, and perhaps improved, DOS/4GW clones.Prior to DOS extenders, if a user installed additional memory and wished to use it under DOS, they would first have to install and configure drivers to support either expanded memory specification (EMS) or extended memory specification (XMS) and run programs supporting one of these specifications.EMS was a specification available on all PCs, including the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 which allowed add-on hardware to page small chunks of memory in and out (bank switching) of the "real mode" addressing space (0x0400–0xFFFF). This allowed 16-bit real-mode DOS program to access several megabytes of RAM through a hole in real memory, typically (0xE000–0xEFFF). A program would then have to explicitly request the page to be accessed before using it. These memory locations could then be used arbitrarily until replaced by another page. This is very similar to modern paged virtual memory. However, in a virtual memory system, the operating system handles all paging operations, while paging was explicit with EMS. The DOS device driver that enabled access to EMS was called EMM386.XMS provided a basic protocol which allowed a 16-bit DOS programs to load chunks of 80286 or 80386 extended memory in low memory (address 0x0400-0xFFFF). A typical XMS driver had to switch to protected mode in order to load this memory. The problem with this approach is that while in 80286 protected mode, direct DOS calls could not be made. The workaround was to implement a callback mechanism, requiring a reset of the 286. On the 286, this was a major problem. The Intel 80386, which introduced the virtual 8086 mode, allowed the guest kernel to emulate the 8086 and run the host operating system without having to actually force the processor back into the real mode. The DOS device driver that enabled access to XMS was called HIMEM.SYS. Version 2.03 and higher of HIMEM.SYS use unreal mode on the 80386 and higher CPUs while HIMEM.SYS 2.06 and higher change undocumented internal registers on the 80286, significantly improving interrupt latency by avoiding repeated switches between the real mode and the protected mode.Windows 9.x installs its own version of HIMEM.SYS on DOS. Windows HIMEM.SYS launches a 32-bit XMS service provider in the protected mode for the Windows Virtual Machine Manager, which then provides XMS services to MS-DOS boxes and the 16-bit Windows machine.

451564268230766296

Q358726

Don Sundquist Early life Sundquist was born in Moline, Illinois, the son of Kenneth and Louise (Rohren) Sundquist. His father was of Swedish descent, while his mother was of German descent. After graduating from Moline High School in 1953, he attended Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois, obtaining his B.A. in Business Administration in 1957. He served in the United States Navy from 1957 to 1963, including two years on active duty.Sundquist joined Jostens in 1961, and initially worked at the company's plants in Princeton, Illinois, and Owatonna, Minnesota. In 1962, he was transferred to the company plant in Shelbyville, Tennessee, where he became plant manager. He left Jostens in 1972 and moved to Memphis, where he established an advertising and printing firm, Graphic Sales of America.While in Memphis, Sundquist became active in Republican Party politics. He served as an organizer of the Goldwater-for-President campaign in 1964. He served as Chair of the national Young Republicans from 1971 to 1973, and chair of the Shelby County Republican Party from 1975 to 1977. He was a delegate to the 1976 Republican National Convention and the 1980 Republican National Convention, and managed the presidential campaign of Howard Baker in the 1980 election. U.S. House of Representatives In 1982, Sundquist sought the seat of Congressman Robin Beard, who was retiring to run against Jim Sasser for the U.S. Senate. Beard's district, the 6th, had been renumbered as the 7th following redistricting. In the general election, Sundquist edged Bob Clement, son of former Governor Frank G. Clement, by just over 1,000 votes out of over 145,000 votes cast. He would never face another contest nearly that close; he was unopposed for reelection in 1984 and was reelected three more times after that with almost no difficulty.While in Congress, Sundquist established a conservative voting record, and was popular with conservative-oriented groups such as the National Federation of Independent Businesses and the American Conservative Union. He was a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, serving on the Subcommittee on Trade and the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. He was also a member of the Republican Task Force on Trade, and the Republican Task Force on Ethics Reform. First term In 1994, Sundquist ran for governor of Tennessee in the race to replace the Democratic incumbent, Ned McWherter, who was term-limited. He easily won the nomination, winning over 80% of the vote in the primary, and faced the Democratic nominee, Nashville mayor Phil Bredesen, in the general election. Bredesen criticized Sundquist for voting against a minimum wage increase while voting for a congressional pay raise. Sundquist accused Bredesen of flip-flopping on issues such as public funding for abortion and school privatization. On election day, Sundquist won, 807,104 votes to 664,252.During his first term, Sundquist focused on government efficiency and welfare reform. He signed the "Families First" bill in 1996, which reduced the number of families on welfare from 70,000 to 30,000. He also signed a series of crime-related measures which called for tougher sentences and more focus on victims' rights. In 1996, Sundquist eliminated the state's scandal-ridden Public Service Commission, replacing it with the Tennessee Regulatory Authority. That same year, he created the Department of Children's Services. Second term In 1998, Sundquist easily won renomination, defeating Memphis realtor Shirley Beck-Vosse, 258,786 votes to 28,951. In the general election, he easily defeated his Democratic opponent, John Jay Hooker, 669,973 votes to 287,790. Shortly after winning reelection in November 1998, Sundquist implemented the ConnectTen program, which made Tennessee the first state in the nation to connect its schools and libraries to the Internet.During his second term, Sundquist set out to raise more revenue for the state, which had traditionally been one of the lowest-tax jurisdictions in the country. He was concerned that the sales tax, which the state relied upon for much of its revenue, was too unstable, and prevented the state from competing with other Southern states in education and infrastructure. His tax reform plan therefore included a state income tax, the proposal of which had long been a third rail in Tennessee state politics. Many of his political allies turned against him, and anti-income tax street demonstrations were held in Nashville. In July 2001, demonstrators vandalized Sundquist's office, and broke windows in the state capitol when the legislature was considering the income tax measure. Post-governorship In 2002, toward the end of Sundquist's second term, a Nashville television station, NewsChannel 5, uncovered evidence businesses owned by Sundquist's friends were illegally given no-bid contracts by the state. In December of that year, the FBI raided the offices of Education Networks of America (ENA), founded by Sundquist's friend, Al Ganier, as part of an investigation into whether or not Ganier used his relationship with Sundquist to obtain millions of dollars worth of state contracts (including the ConnectTenn contract). Ganier eventually pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of unauthorized use of a computer.In May 2004, a Labor Department employee, Joanna Ediger, was convicted of rigging a $2 million state contract for Workforce Strategists, a company owned by another Sundquist friend, John Stamps. The following year, Stamps pleaded guilty to four counts of tax evasion and one count of making false statements. U.S. District Judge Karl Forester said Sundquist was the "impetus" for the investigations, although he was never implicated in any wrongdoing, nor were any senior members of his administration.In July 2005, Sundquist was named head of a national panel on improving Medicaid.Sundquist is a lobbyist and works for the firm he co-founded, Sundquist Anthony. He also served as state vice chair of the John McCain presidential campaign team.Sundquist's papers are held at the University of Tennessee Libraries.

6378367270866790228

Q2392008

Luis Armando Roche Early life Luis Armando Roche (born November 21, 1938) is a filmmaker, screenwriter and director of theatre and opera. His father was Luis Roche (1888–1965) urban planner and amateur photographer, creator of the Plaza Altamira (Caracas), and his mother was Beatrice Dugand (born 1898). The origin of families can be found in France (Roche and Dugand), Italy (Gnecco by the mother) and Ireland. The Irish family emigrated to France after the Battle of Limerick. Primary Education Roche studied primary school in Caracas. In 1945 he moved to the Venezuelan Andes and studied 2 years at the San Jose School in Mérida. In 1947, his father was Ambassador of Venezuela in Argentina, so he studied at the French School of Buenos Aires. In 1949, Roche joined the Nyack Junior School, elementary school near New York. After two years enrolled at The Choate School, college preparatory school located in Wallingford (Connecticut), United States. In 1957, he finished his high school and studied one year at Tulane University New Orleans. Two years later, he returned to Caracas. Second stage of studies and early work on cinema In 1961 Roche got married with Marion Cisneros. From his first marriage he has 4 children: Beatrice, Nadine, Alonso and Alvaro. In the early 1960s the couple moved to Europe and Roche began his Cinema studies. During 1962–1964 he studied at the Institute for Advanced Film Studies (IDHEC) in Paris, where he received the title of Director-Producer. During that time he made his first short film: Genevilliers, port of Paris (1964), a documentary focused on one port of Paris. A year later, he finished Raymond Isidore and His House (1965) a documentary about a "naif" builder in Chartres, France, who made his house with different pieces such as bottles, caps, glasses, etc. During his second year at the IDHEC Roche made the short film Let's To See Said a Blind Man To His Deaf Wife (1965). From that moment, Roche continued to study film at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California.In 1965, his father died and he back to Caracas. Venezuela - National Cinematheque - Short and Medium Length Films Arriving at the capital of Venezuela he worked in ARS, an advertising agency. Roche was assistant to the writer Alejo Carpentier, and of Bob Ferber, Head of Public Relations. At that time, the renowned Venezuelan filmmaker Margot Benacerraf gave to him the opportunity to be Director of the Audiovisual Department, Film, Theatre and Television at the National Institute of Culture (INCIBA). During those years, Roche was one of the founding members of the National Cinematheque: Fundación Cinemateca Nacional de Venezuela. Also wrote and directed for the INCIBA, scripts and short films: The feast of the Virgen de la Candelaria (1966) (La fiesta de la Virgen de La Candelaria) and The Devils of San Miguel (1966) (Los demonios de San Miguel). A year later, he co-wrote and directed with Jean-Jacques Bichier, the short film Víctor Millán (1967). In Paris, wrote and directed a medium-length titled Carlos Cruz Diez, 1923-1977. On The Road To color (1971) (Carlos Cruz Diez, 1923-1977. En el camino del color), this work was followed by Ignacio "Indio" Figueredo (1972), a short film about the great Venezuelan harpist; the same year made Merida is Not A Town (1972), (Mérida no es un pueblo), an experimental short film. Also he wrote and directed the medium-length Like Islands in Time (1975) (Como islas en el tiempo), about the Charles Brewer-Carias expedition to the tepuis Sarisariñama and Jaua, located in Amazonas (Venezuela). Also produced, wrote and directed Virtuosos (1999), about Venezuelan folk musicians of the 20th century. As well, he wrote with Diana Abreu Bach In Zaraza (2000), a short musical about an imaginary trip to Venezuela of Johann Sebastian Bach. At the same time, Roche worked as assistant director on many foreign films that were shot in Venezuela and Colombia: The Epic of Bolivar directed by Alessandro Blasetti; Popsy Pop - or La Belle et le Truand directed by Jean Herman and The Adventurers of Lewis Gilbert and Murphy's War made by Peter Yates. Filmography In 1977, Roche made his first feature film, The Moving Picture Man (El cine soy yo). The film was co-wrote with Fabrice Helion. In this film Roche made his first performance as actor. The film was presented at international festivals, including the Cannes Film Festival (Un Certain Regard), the Moscow Film Festival and San Sebastian. The Moving Picture Man is one of the most recognised Venezuelan films.Years later Roche released The Secret (El secreto) (1988), a thriller where he made as well his second role as actor. In 1996, directed Out In The Open (Aire Libre), a film co-wrote with Jacques Espagne. In this movie, Roche played the character of Siefert. Out In The Open was based on the scientific trip to equatorial lands of Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland and was awarded in different Cinema festivals. In 2003, Roche directed Yotama Goes Flying (2003) (Yotama se va volando), a film wrote with Carlos Brito and Jacques Espagne. In 2011, he wrote and directed Suddenly, A Film (2011) (De repente, La película), a satirical and improvised comedy with Daniela Bascope and Carlos Antonio León as two lovers who try to shoot a movie in the Venezuelan jungle with disastrous results. In this film, Roche also played three characters and composed several musical pieces.

8576422264509055151

Q7418704

Sankeys Sankeys Manchester Sankeys first in Manchester as "Sankeys Soap" in June 1994. It was so called due to its residence inside Beehive Mill, Ancoats, which once was used to manufacture soap. The basement of the mill was transformed into a club and live music venue by Andy Spiro and Rupert Campell. After nearly going bankrupt only six months after opening, the venue managed to keep thriving. However, in 1998, due to financial problems, Sankeys Soap closed its doors to the public.In 2000, the club was revived by business partners David Vincent and Sacha Lord-Marchionne. This time the club was more successful than before, tackling the problems that had crippled its previous owners. In 2006, the club was forced to close once more, much to the dismay of clubbers. David Vincent announced that this time Sankeys Soap would be closed for good.Later that summer, it was announced that the club was to re-open under the shorter name Sankeys. It would be under the direction of David Vincent who invited Andy Spiro to get involved once again. During its closure the club underwent a major refit involving a brand new LED lighting system and featured the "hatongue" who took over from the legendary "Mad Graham" after the PAR cans were removed. The main DJ booth was also replaced by a new circular box.In 2009, owing to the success of the new club, 15 further changes were made to celebrate 15 years of the Sankeys dynasty. These included dynamic ceiling lighting in the Spektrum (the upstairs part of the club) as well as a beach constructed with 50 tonnes of Bahamas Sand and the introduction of a state-of-the-art barcoded entry system. In 2010, Sankeys was voted the number one club in the world in a DJ Mag reader poll.Following the success of 2010, David Vincent announced plans to create "Seven Sankeys" of the World in the seven cities that inspired the original Sankeys.The music policy at Sankeys was varied but focused on underground electronic music, mainly House & Techno. The club also hosted one-off nights from outside promoters.Resident DJs over the years included Greg Vickers, Bushwacka!, Jozef K, Darius Syrossian, Ellesse, Ryan Croft, Adam Chappell, OD Muzique, Pete Zorba, and Luke Welsh.On 11 April 2013, Sankeys announced they would be closing the doors again on 6 May 2013.On 12 November 2013, Sankeys announced on their Ibiza Twitter feed that they would be re-opening Manchester in January 2014.On 12 January 2017, Sankeys announced that they were permanently closing with immediate effect, after the building they occupied had been sold to be turned into apartments. Sankeys Ibiza In May 2011 Sankeys began operations in Playa d’en Bossa, Ibiza. The Venue was the first of the Seven Sankeys of the World venture that David Vincent has embarked upon.In 2012, Sankeys Ibiza continued successfully for a second season in Ibiza with key residencies at the venue including Viva Warriors fronted by Steve Lawler and Solomun's Diynamic Neon Nights.During the 2013 Ibiza season at Sankeys, the Seven Wonders of the World theme made a return with parties running seven nights a week. Viva Warriors and Diynamic Neon Nights continued their residencies on Sundays and Tuesdays respectively, alongside Hypercolour on Mondays, FUSE on Wednesdays, dirtybird on Thursdays, Flying Circus on Fridays and Carnival Cities on Saturdays.Sankeys Ibiza is part of biggest global DJ project, burn Residency that for the 4th year in the row, take place in Ibiza. Sankeys New York On 31 October 2013, Sankeys New York (Manhattan) opened as the third Sankeys nightclub. It hosted its 3-day opening weekend during Halloween 2013. It was located at 29 W 36th Street, Manhattan, New York, 10018 (previously District 36 nightclub), but closed after less than a year.On 30 October 2014, Sankeys opened in Brooklyn for Halloween weekend, however this location closed on 20 November 2014, three weeks after opening. Sankeys TYO In 2015, Sankeys opened in Tokyo, Japan, in the space vacated by Air nightclub at B1F-B2F, 2-11 Sarugakucho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sankeys Newcastle On 19 January 2017, a week after the closure of the Manchester club, Sankeys revealed plans to open in Newcastle upon Tyne.In May 2017, Sankeys revealed the 'Sankeys Newcastle Opening Party (Day & Night - 12 Hour Rave)' would be on 15 July 2017. Sankeys Birmingham On 13 May 2017, The Rainbow Venues at 29 Lower Trinity St, Digbeth, Birmingham B9 4AG, hosted an 'All-Day/All-Night Rave'. Sankeys EAST In 2017, Sankeys plan to open in Romford, located at 36-38 North Street, Romford, Essex, RM1 1BH Sankeys Stoke Opening night was 21 October 2017 at the JJ nightclub on Pall Mall, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent. Notable performances Household names such as Daft Punk, Moby, Björk, and The Chemical Brothers have played at Sankeys, along with artists such as Laurent Garnier, Jacques Lu Cont, Dave Clarke, Mylo, Carl Cox, and Swedish House Mafia.Hugh Cornwell of The Stranglers released an album recorded at Sankeys in 1998, called Mayday.

16157996695272428893

Q2143968

Basement (geology) In geology, basement and crystalline basement are the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover, or more generally any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way, the sediments or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover". Continental crust Basement rock is the thick foundation of ancient, and oldest, metamorphic and igneous rock that forms the crust of continents, often in the form of granite. Basement rock is contrasted to overlying sedimentary rocks which are laid down on top of the basement rocks after the continent was formed, such as sandstone and limestone. The sedimentary rocks which may be deposited on top of the basement usually form a relatively thin veneer, but can be more than 3 miles thick. The basement rock of the crust can be 20–30 miles thick, or more. The basement rock can be located under layers of sedimentary rock, or be visible at the surface. Basement rock is visible, for example, at the bottom of the Grand Canyon, consisting of 1.7-2 billion year old granite (Zoroaster Granite) and schist (Vishnu Schist). The Vishnu Schist is believed to be highly metamorphosed igneous rocks and shale, from basalt, mud and clay laid from volcanic eruptions, and the granite is the result of magma intrusions into the Vishnu Schist. An extensive cross section of sedimentary rocks laid down on top of it through the ages is visible as well. Volcanism When a plate of oceanic crust is subducted beneath an overriding plate of oceanic crust, as the underthrusting crust melts, it can cause upwelling of magma that can cause volcanism along the subduction front on the overriding plate. This produces an oceanic chain of volcanoes, like Japan. This volcanism causes metamorphism of rocks, intrusions of magma that produce rocks such as granite, and thickens the crust by depositing additional layers of rock from volcanoes. This tends to make the crust lighter and thicker, as a result making it immune to subduction.Oceanic crust can be subducted, while continental crust cannot. Eventually, the subduction of the underthrusting oceanic crust can bring the volcano chain close to a continent, and collide with it. When the overriding plate collides with the continent, instead of being subducted, it is accreted to the edge of the continent and becomes a part of that continent. Thin strips or fragments of the underthrusting plate may also remain attached to the edge of the continent causing those fragments of oceanic crust to be wedged and tilted between the converging plates. In this manner, continents can grow over time as new terranes are accreted to their edges, and so continents can be composed of a complex quilt of terranes of varying ages.As such, the basement rock can become younger going closer to the edge of the continent. There are exceptions of however, such as exotic terranes. Exotic terranes are pieces or fragments of other continents that have broken off their original parent continent and have become accreted to a different continent. Cratons Many continents can consist of several continental cratons - blocks of crust built around an initial original core of continents - that gradually grew and expanded as additional newly created terranes were added to their edges. For instance, Pangea consisted of most of the Earth's continents being accreted into one giant supercontinent. Most continents, such as Asia, Africa and Europe, include several continental cratons, as they were formed by the accretion of many smaller continents. Usage In European geology, the basement generally refers to rocks older than the Variscan orogeny. On top of this older basement Permian evaporites and Mesozoic limestones were deposited. The evaporites formed a weak zone on which the harder (stronger) limestone cover was able to move over the hard basement, making the distinction between basement and cover even more pronounced.In Andean geology the basement refers to the Proterozoic, Paleozoic and early Mesozoic (Triassic to Jurassic) rock units as the basement to the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Andean sequences developed following the onset of subduction along the western margin of the South American Plate.When discussing the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Mexico the basement include Proterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic age rocks for the Oaxaquia, the Mixteco and the Guerrero terranes respectively.The term basement is used mostly in disciplines of geology like basin geology, sedimentology and petroleum geology in which the (typically Precambrian) crystalline basement is not of interest as it rarely contains petroleum or natural gas. The term economic basement is also used to describe the deeper parts of a cover sequence that are of no economic interest.

2074868007437110340

Q827188

John Hoyland Early life John Hoyland was born on 12 October 1934, in Sheffield, Yorkshire, to a working-class family, and educated at Sheffield School of Art and Crafts within the junior art department (1946–51) before progressing to Sheffield College of Art (1951–56), and the Royal Academy Schools, London (1956–60), where Sir Charles Wheeler, the then President of the Royal Academy famously ordered that Hoyland's paintings – all abstracts – be removed from the walls of the Diploma Galleries. It was only the intervention of Peter Greenham, Acting Keeper of the Schools, that saved the day when he reminded Sir Charles Wheeler that Hoyland had painted admired landscapes and figurative paintings– evidence that he could 'paint properly'.In 1953 Hoyland went abroad for the first time, hitch-hiking with a friend to the South of France. After the bleakness of Sheffield it was a revelation: 'To me it was like landing in Tahiti. There was still rationing here. Down there were all these brown girls, swimming and diving, and all these grapes.' Hoyland visited again in 1957 with David Smith when he was at the Royal Academy and got what he referred to as 'The Gauguin syndrome', a lifelong romance with travel and the south. Career The 1960s were a crucial decade for Hoyland; it was in these years that he found his voice as an artist. It was also the time when he made his first trip to America, to New York in 1964, travelling on a Peter Stuyvesant Foundation bursary. There he met Robert Motherwell, with whom he was to become great friends, also Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, and visited their studios. Hoyland's first solo exhibition was held at the Marlborough New London Gallery in 1964 and his first solo museum show at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1967, curated by Bryan Robertson. In the 1960s, Hoyland's work was characterised by simple shapes, high-key colour and a flat picture surface. In the 1970s his paintings became more textured. He exhibited at the Waddington Galleries, London throughout the 1970s and 1980s. During the 1960s and 1970s, he showed his paintings in New York City with the Robert Elkon Gallery and the André Emmerich Gallery. His paintings are closely aligned with Post-Painterly Abstraction, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction. Hoyland disliked the 'abstract' painter label, describing himself simply as 'a painter'. When asked why he disliked the term 'abstraction', he answered: 'It's just too abstract a word. It smacks always of geometry to me, of rational thought. There's no geometry, there's no rectangles in nature, no real straight lines. There's only the circle, the one really powerful form in nature I keep getting drawn back to.'Retrospectives of his paintings have been held at the Serpentine Gallery (1979), the Royal Academy (1999) and Tate St Ives (2006). In 1982 he won the John Moores Painting Prize and in 1998 the Royal Academy's Wollaston Award.His works are held in many public and private collections including the Tate and Damien Hirst's Murderme Collection. In September 2010, Hoyland and five other British artists including Howard Hodgkin, John Walker, Ian Stephenson, Patrick Caulfield and R.B. Kitaj were included in an exhibition entitled The Independent Eye: Contemporary British Art from the Collection of Samuel and Gabrielle Lurie, at the Yale Center for British Art.Hoyland was elected to the Royal Academy in 1991 and was appointed Professor of Painting at the Royal Academy Schools in 1999. The National Portrait Gallery holds portraits of the artist in its collection. Death Hoyland died 31 July 2011 aged 76, of complications following heart surgery undertaken in 2008. He was survived by his wife Beverley Heath Hoyland and his son Jeremy, from his first marriage to Airi Karakainen.

8030921641363518275

Q599301

Financial District, San Francisco History Under Spanish and Mexican rule, the area was the site of a harbor named Yerba Buena Cove with a small civilian outpost named Yerba Buena that served to support the military population of the Presidio and the Mission Dolores. The sandy, marshy soils of the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula discouraged the Spanish, and later Mexican governments from establishing a preeminent town there, who focused their pueblo settlement efforts in the Pueblo of San José with its extremely fertile land. It was not until 1835 that the first settlers established themselves on the shore of Yerba Buena Cove, with the first town plan surveyed in 1839. Yerba Buena's potential as a seaport made it the eventual center for European and American settlement.After gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevada Foothills in 1848, Yerba Buena's location on the natural harbor of San Francisco Bay acted as a magnet for European and American settlers, as well as gold and job seekers from a multitude of countries. Following Californian independence and American annexation and the California Gold Rush, the area boomed rapidly and the Bay shoreline, which originally ended near Montgomery Street, was filled in and extended to The Embarcadero. Gold Rush wealth and business made it the financial capital of the west coast as many banks and businesses set up in the neighborhood. The west coast's first and only skyscrapers, were built in the area along Market Street.The neighborhood was completely destroyed in the 1906 Earthquake and Fire (miraculously, the area's skyscrapers survived). By 1910, the area was largely rebuilt with low-rise, masonry-clad buildings ranging from six to twelve stories in height. During the late 1920s, several Neo-Gothic high rises, reaching three to four hundred feet in height, were constructed, including the Standard Oil Building, Russ Building, Hunter-Dulin Building, Shell Building, and the Pacific Telephone Building.With the onset of the Great Depression and statewide height restrictions due to earthquake fears, few new buildings were constructed, and the district remained relatively low-rise until the late 1950s. Due to new building and earthquake retrofitting technologies, the height restrictions were lifted, fueling a skyscraper building boom. This boom accelerated under mayor Dianne Feinstein during the 1980s, something her critics labelled as "Manhattanization". This caused widespread opposition citywide leading to the "skyscraper revolt" similar to the "freeway revolt" in the city years earlier. The skyscraper revolt led to the city imposing extremely strict, European-style height restrictions on building construction citywide.Due to these height restrictions, lack of buildable lots, and changes in the local real estate market, new development in the area has shifted to South of Market Street since the 1980s. The area south of Market, east of Third Street, north of Folsom Street, and west of the Embarcadero is sometimes called the South Financial District, or simply included as part of the Financial District itself. To encourage new development south of Market, and to help fund the replacement for the Transbay Terminal, many height limits were raised in the area. As a result, nearly all new high rise construction since the 1980s (and for the foreseeable future) has taken place South of Market. Notable examples include the JPMorgan Chase Building, 555 Mission Street, 101 Second Street, the Four Seasons Hotel, The Paramount, and the Millennium Tower.According to TRI Commercial, the traditional Financial District provides approximately 30,000,000 sq ft (2,800,000 m²) of office space, and the South Financial District offers about 28,000,000 sq ft (2,600,000 m²). Altogether, the combined Financial District employs over 220,000 office workers. Location Adjacent to the Financial District to the west is the Union Square shopping district. To the northwest is Chinatown, and to the north is North Beach and Jackson Square. To the east lies the Embarcadero waterfront and the Ferry Building. To the south lies Market Street and the South of Market district.The Financial District is served by more than two dozen Muni bus and rail lines, including one cable car line, as well as Montgomery Street Station and Embarcadero Station in the BART system.The nickname "FiDi" is occasionally employed, analogous to nearby SoMa. The area is commonly referred to as "Downtown" as well, although "Downtown" may include the broader Union Square, Chinatown, Tenderloin, and SoMa districts as well. Characteristics The District is home to numerous corporate headquarters, including all six San Francisco Fortune 500 companies—McKesson Corporation, Wells Fargo, PG&E, Gap, Charles Schwab, and Salesforce.com— as well as Bechtel, the Union Bank of California, Levi Strauss & Co., Blue Shield, Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants, URS Corporation, and Bank of the West among others; and formerly Bank of America, Pacific Bell, Crocker Bank, Transamerica Corporation, Chevron Corporation, and Visa among others. The headquarters of the 12th district of the United States Federal Reserve is located in the area as well. Prior to their disestablishment, AirTouch, South Pacific Air Lines, Pegasus Aviation Finance Company, and the Pacific Exchange all had their headquarters in the Financial District.There are several shopping malls in the area, including the Crocker Galleria, the Embarcadero Center, the Ferry Building Marketplace, and the Rincon Center complex. Parks and plazas located there include Sue Biermann Park; Justin Herman Plaza, which is the current location of the city's New Year's festivities, and Transamerica Redwood Park. St. Mary's Square and Portsmouth Square are near the borders of the district, but are usually considered as part of Chinatown. Diplomatic missions Several consulates are located in the financial district. Countries with consulates in the Financial District include France, Brazil, Guatemala, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico,Ireland, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, of the Republic of China, is located in the Financial District.

10010880478778426349

Q2983613

Martín Sessé y Lacasta Background Sessé studied medicine in Zaragoza, then moved to Madrid in 1775. In 1779 he became a military physician, in which capacity he visited Cuba, and later New Spain. In 1785 he was named a commissioner of the Royal Botanical Garden in New Spain. At the same time a botanical garden and a course of study on the flora of Mexico at the University of Mexico (now UNAM) were authorized. Sessé stopped practicing medicine in order to devote all his energies to botany. The botanical expedition In 1786 Charles III, King of Spain, authorized a major botanical expedition known as the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Spain, that was proposed by Sessé at a time when most of the flora and fauna of Mexico were unknown to European science. Sessé became the head of the expedition and of the botanical garden.His preparation for the expedition began in 1787. It was extensive, and took some time. He visited Santo Domingo, Puerto Rico, and Cuba, where similar (though smaller) studies had already been undertaken, to collaborate and learn. In Cuba he collaborated in the search for a treatment of a parasitic illness that had been spreading rapidly.Back in New Spain, he was joined by a group of Spanish botanists selected by Casimiro Gómez Ortega, director of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid. These included Vicente Cervantes, the first professor of botany in New Spain, who continued to live in the country until his death in 1829; José Longinos Martínez, who organized the Gabinete de Historia Natural, the precursor of the Museum of Natural History; Juan Diego del Castillo, pharmacist and botanist; and José Maldonado. Also among the botanists was José Mariano Mociño, a native of New Spain. Juan Cerda was the official artist of the expedition, and the Mexican Atanasio Echeverría was also one of the artists. The genus Echeveria was named for him.Various companies of scientists were sent to such widely separated destinations as the Pacific coast of Canada, the Greater Antilles, Yucatán, Nicaragua, and San Francisco. Sessé and Mociño worked mostly in the central part of Mexico. The tasks of the expedition included collecting specimens and having paintings of living plants prepared in the field by accompanying artists. In 1793 Castillo died in Mexico, after he had written Plantas descritas en el viaje de Acapulco. The genus Castilla was named for him by Vicente Cervantes. Although the works of these botanists ended in 1803, it was not until the 1880s that their work was published.Alexander von Humboldt and his botanist travelling companion Aimé Bonpland were able to examine some of Sessé's and Mociño's results in Mexico in the Museum of Natural History in Madrid before their 1799 departure on their five-year sojourn in Spanish America. However, they did not actually meet Sessé and Mociñno; Humboldt said, "circumstances prevented me from benefiting from the advice of these distinguished scientists, whose insights could have been very useful to me." Afterwards After the end of the expedition Sessé returned to Spain with his scientific collections to work on Flora Mexicana, but he died in Madrid in 1808 before publishing it. The scientific collections are held by the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid (about 7100 herbarium sheets with 200 genera and 3500 new species of plants). The great impact that the results of the expedition had on the botanical community has been documented by the botanical scholar Rogers McVaugh, an expert on the Flora of Mexico.The paintings remained in the possession of Mociño, who accompanied Sessé to Spain after the expedition, but they appeared lost after his death in 1820 in Barcelona, where he settled after living in France and Switzerland during periods of political upheaval in Spain. They had become part of a private library, where they remained unrecognized for their significance until 1980. The Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation purchased the set, comprising ca. 1800 botanical and ca. 200 zoological subjects, in 1981 from the Torner family. The paintings are now accessible for study at the Hunt Institute and are available on a CD.The plant genera Sessea, Sesseopsis, Mocinna, Mozinna, and Mocinnodaphne are named in honor of the expedition leaders. Other expeditions The four expeditions authorized by King Charles III to the Spanish colonies were those of Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón to Peru and Chile (1777–88); José Celestino Mutis to New Granada (1783–1808); Juan de Cuéllar to the Philippines (1786–97); and Sessé y Lacasta to New Spain (1787–1803). See also Jean-Louis Berlandier.

2834717473021397711

Q6697476

Lucius Banda Music career Lucius Banda, a well known music icon in Malawi, was born on 17 August 1970 in Sosola Village in Group Village headman Kapalamula and Traditional Authority Nsamala in Balaka District of Southern Malawi. His music legacy dates way back in 1983 when he was thirteen years old when he started singing with his brother Paul Banda and leader of Alleluya Band.He first appeared on stage in 1985 with his brother's led Alleluya Band.Lucius Banda started his music career while in elementary school (Primary)at Mponda Full Primary School which lies near the catholic parish in Balaka.To further his music career Lucius Banda decided to go to music school in South Africa. This dream was fulfilled in 1993 when he joined Dorkey house in Johannesburg, where he spent one full year studying music.He recorded his first album titled 'Son Of A Poor Man' at shandel music studio with the help of producer George Arigone (an Argentinian) on backing vocals. He had Nomhlanlha nkhize and the now famous gospel singer Debora Freser. His album became popular because of hits like Mabala, Get up stand up, Linda and Life On Earth. From there he launched his long career of music which takes him to date.In 1997, Lucius Banda formed his own band, Zembani after recording his fourth album (Take Over) with the intention to help local and up keeping musicians in Malawi. Meanwhile many artists in Malawi have been promoted through the auspices of his Zembani Music Band. Zembani Band has grown into one of the most celebrated music groups across Africa. His music is loved by millions in Africa. He is well known as the voice of the poor and those who can not be heard. His music depicts the social, economic and cultural constraints faced by ordinary Malawians. He has also been a voice against social injustices and inequalities prevalent among African leaders and politicians.He was controversial to Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda's regime. He was the first Malawian musician to sing openly against political oppression in Malawi during the decades of one-party rule.Lucius has been host to many popular musicians, helping to begin the careers of Mlaka Maliro, Paul Chaphuka, Billy Kaunda, Cosi Chiwalo, Wendy Harawa, Emma Masauko, Enort Mbandambanda and Charles Nsaku. In the year 2010 he fell out of favor with the DPP led Government of the late Bingu Wa Mutharika (former President of Malawi). Malawians look to him as a mouth piece on political oppression. Meanwhile in the 2014 Tripartite Elections, Lucius Banda reclaimed his Balaka Central Constituency as Member of Parliament in which he won with a wide margin of 16,303 votes against his competitor who came second with 8,147.Lucius Banda has experienced the hardest of times as a musician as his music has either been banned censored and sometimes denied venues and segregated against by government.Despite all this, his music remained celebrated.In 2010 he released another album, 15-15- my song, which was banned by the state broadcaster, Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC). In June 2010, Banda and other musicians from Malawi were invited to play in Germany. Their venue in Cologne was the key point for an upcoming 2011 Lucius Banda Europe tour. His travelling to Germany attracted a lot of public and political interest in Malawi.He released Thank you album in 2015. Currently he has nineteen albums to his credit. Political career Until August 2006, he was an MP for the district of Balaka North, but lost his seat because he was convicted of having fake academic qualifications. He was sentenced to 21 months of hard labour in Zomba prison, but released in November 2006, three months and two appeals after his arrest. This experience inspired one of his albums, Cell 51 Maximum.

3947971233700601437

Q3338634

Neuilly Yo Mama! Plot Fourteen-year-old Sami (Samy Seghir) is a beur (a French person of North African descent) living in Chalon-sur-Saône, a relatively poor city in the Burgundy region. When his widowed mother (Farida Khelfa) takes a job working on a boat, she sends Sami to live with her sister Djamila (Rachida Brakni), who is married to Frenchman Stanislas de Chazelle (Denis Podalydès). They live in the upscale neighborhood of Neuilly-sur-Seine, an affluent suburb of Paris, with Stanislas' two children from his prior marriage: Charles (Jérémy Denisty), who aspires to be a politician someday, and Caroline (Chloé Coulloud). At first Charles resents Sami's presence in his house, but they gradually become friends. Sami enrolls in classes at Saint-Exupéry, a private school there.Sami is made fun of by many of his classmates at school, particularly Guilain Lambert (Mathieu Spinosi). He impresses the blonde violinist Marie (Joséphine Japy), however, with his tender side: during a music class one of the pieces moves him to tears by making him think of his friends back in Chalon. He and Marie become friends. Guilain, who also has his eye on Marie, gets revenge by tricking Sami into eating pork (which Sami cannot eat, as it is haraam), and Sami retaliates by beating up Guilain. Marie chides Sami, saying she will not tolerate violent boys, but they soon make up. Later, though, when Guilain and Charles end up running against one another in the class elections, Guilain hires a local thug Malik (Booder) to mug Sami and Charles. They manage to escape from Malik and his thugs, but Malik gives Sami a black eye in the process; when Marie sees the black eye, she becomes angry with Sami, thinking he got in a fight again.Sami and Charles decide to throw a party in their house, to try to win votes for Charles for the class delegate election. Marie comes to the party and has forgiven Sami, but before they can talk Malik and his friends show up to trash the house. Some friends Sami invited from Chalon (Shaiko Dieng and Pierre Louis Bellet), however, soon arrive, and with their help the partygoers give Malik a beating and chase him and his thugs away. Malik finds Guilain and, thinking Guilain set him up, gives him a beating that sends him to the emergency room. Guilain and his mother encounter Sami's aunt Djamila and uncle Stanislas at the hospital, and tell them that the beating was Sami's fault. Djamila, enraged, returns home and tells Sami she is sending him back to his mother.Marie finds Malik and pays him to tell the school headmistress (Josiane Balasko) that he is responsible for Guilain's beating, however he refuses the cash and told her that he had already told the story to the headmistress. The Headmistress informs Djamila, and she forgives Sami. Charles wins the election with the help of a well-written letter to the class, and goes on to meet all of Sami's friends back in Chalon, urging them to remember his name and vote for him in the future. Sami stays in Neuilly-sur-Seine, and begins a romantic relationship with Marie. Soundtrack The film's title track was recorded by Faf Larage and Magic System. Reception Cyril Perraudat, reviewing for cinema-france.com, gives the film a score of 5 out of 10, calling it "a pile of clichés" ("un tas de clichés") and saying it will not be remembered ("ne restera pas dans les mémoires"), although he praises Seghir's acting in the role of Sami. Cine'Magic, in that blog's review, states that the film is boring and too "déjà-vu". Marwan Chahine of Libération magazine, on the other hand, praised the film's political jokes and allusions to political personalities.

16883202352955920661

Q78605

Stephan Endlicher Biography Endlicher studied theology and received minor orders. In 1828 he was appointed to the Austrian National Library to reorganize its manuscript collection. Concurrently he studied natural history, in particular botany, and East-Asian languages.In 1836, Endlicher was appointed keeper of the court cabinet of natural history, and in 1840 he became professor at the University of Vienna and director of its Botanical Garden. He wrote a comprehensive description of the plant kingdom according to a natural system, at the time its most comprehensive description. As proposed by Endlicher, it contained images with text. It was published together with the reissue of Franz Unger's Grundzüge der Botanik (Fundamentals of Botany).Endlicher was fundamental in establishing the Imperial Academy of Science (German: Akademie der Wissenschaften), but when contrary to his expectations the Baron Joseph Hammer von Purgstall was elected its president in his stead, he resigned. He presented his library and herbaria to the state, and passed several hours every week for 10 years in the society of the Emperor Ferdinand, but he received no other reward than the title of councillor (German: Regierungsrath).As a known liberal, Endlicher was asked to act as mediator during the revolution of 1848, but eventually was forced to leave Vienna for a time. In 1848 he also became a member of the Frankfurt Parliament and the assembly at Kremsier (Kroměříž). Works Endlicher made valuable contributions to the science of old German and classic literature, and pointed out new sources of Hungarian history, publishing Fragmenta Theotisca Versionis antiquissimae Evangelii Matthaei (edited with Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1834), an edition of two poems of Priscian (1828), and Anonymi Belæ Regis Notarii de Gestis Hungarorum Liber (1827). His linguistic publications comprise Analecta Grammatica (with Eichenfeld, 1836), and Anfangsgründe der chinesischen Grammatik (Foundations of Chinese grammar; 1845).His Verzeichniss der japanesischen und chinesischen Münzen des kaiserlichen Münz- und Antikencabinets (Catalog of Japanese and Chinese coins in the imperial coin and antique collections; 1837) and Atlas von China nach der Aufnahme der Jesuitenmissionäre (Atlas of China after the arrival of the Jesuit missionaries; 1843) are finely executed, and deserve mention as specimens of his great liberality.He wrote several works in conjunction with other scholars, and many of his minor writings are scattered among the periodicals of his time, especially in the Annalen des Wiener Museums. Botany The majority and the most valuable of his works are on botany. Foremost among them are his: Genera Plantarum (1831–1841), in which he lays down a new system of classification; Grundzüge einer neuen Theorie der Pflanzenerzeugung (Foundations of a new theory of plant breeding; 1838); and Die Medicinalpflanzen der österreichischen Pharmakopöe (Medicinal plants in the Austrian pharmacopoeia; 1842). His other principal botanical works are: Ceratotheca (1822), Flora Posoniensis (1830), Diesingia (1832), Atacta Botanica (1833), Iconographia Generum Plantarum (1838), Enchiridium Botanicum (1841) and Synopsis Coniferarum (1847).Endlicher established the botanical journal Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte (1835 and on). He began the work Flora Brasiliensis with Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. He also published early works on the flora of Australia, including the plants collected by Carl von Hugel and Ferdinand Bauer.Endlicher described many new plant genera, including the genus Sequoia, and also its only extant species Sequoia sempervirens (California coast redwood). Although Endlicher never offered an explanation for the name, later writers speculated that he must have been inspired by the achievements of the American Cherokee Indian linguist Sequoyah. John Davis credited Endlicher with naming the new species of Sierra redwood Sequoyah gigantea in 1847, the present day Sequoiadendron giganteum (California giant redwood), to honor Sequoyah's invention of the Cherokee syllabary. Recent scholarship supports this hypothesis; Endlicher appears to have combined the Latin sequi (meaning to follow) with his admiration of Sequoyah and coined "Sequoia" because the number of seeds per cone in the newly-classified genus fell in mathematical sequence with the other four genera in the suborder. .The genus Endlicheria of the family Lauraceae was named in his honour.

2267624900308933164

Q945909

Ivan Woods Valletta Woods began his career playing for Attard, but following some impressive displays he was signed by Valletta for the 1994–95 season. Woods made seven appearances in his debut season for Valletta, but failed to score any goals, as Valletta finished in third position in the Maltese Premier League.Woods began the 1995–96 season with Valletta, hoping to force his way into the first team squad. During the season, he made 11 appearances, and scored two goals, to help his team to a second-place finish in the Maltese Premier League.For the 1996–97 season, he made 18 appearances, and scored five goals, as Valletta finished the season as champions in the Maltese Premier League.Hoping to gain more silverware during the 1997–98 season, Woods went on to make 22 appearance and score four goals, as Valletta retained the Maltese Premier League title.Woods returned to Valletta for the 1999–00 season, and went on to make seven appearances, but failed to score any goals during the season. Sliema Wanderers Following a good run of form, Woods joined Sliema Wanderers on loan for the 1998–99 season. He went on to make 20 appearances and score an impressive ten goals, as Sliema Wanderers finished in third position in the Maltese Premier League. Pietà Hotspurs Woods joined Pietà Hotspurs during the January transfer window of the 1999–00 season. In his first season with the club, he made 16 appearances, scoring three goals, as his new club recorded a fifth-place finish in the Maltese Premier League.In his first full season with Pietà Hotspurs, Woods made 20 appearances and scored 11 goals during the 2000–01 season, as Pietà Hotspurs finished in seventh position in the relegation group, to retain the top flight status.Woods hoped he could help Pietà Hotspurs back into the championship pool for the 2001–02 season, but the club finished in exactly the same position as the previous one, with ietà Hotspurs in seventh position in relegation pool and again narrowly avoiding relegation, during the season he made 15 appearances and scored three goals.For the 2002–03 season, Woods made 27 appearances and scored nine goals, as Pietà Hotspurs improved on their previous two seasons, with a fifth-place finish in the Maltese Premier League. Woods received his first call up for the Maltese national football team, following a string of fine performances.Woods went into the 2003–04 season, making 23 appearances and contributing with ten goals, as Pietà Hotspurs again finished in fifth position in the Maltese Premier League.With Woods in great goalscoring form, he was in high demand, and went into the 2004–05 season hoping to help Pietà Hotspurs to a higher league position. However, Woods left the club during the January transfer window of 2005. During the course of the season he made 13 appearances and scored a 12 goals, which helped Pietà Hotspurs eventually finish in seventh position. Sliema Wanderers Woods moved from Pietà Hotspurs to Sliema Wanderers during the January transfer window of 2005, and had instant success, as Sliema Wanderers won the Maltese Premier League title for the 2004–05 season. During the season, Ivan made 14 appearances and scored eight goals.The 2005–06 was Woods first full season with Sliema Wanderers, and although the club finished in second position in the Maltese Premier League, he made 28 appearances and scored 16 goals.For the 2006–07 season, Woods made 26 appearances and scored 20 goals, but Sliema Wanderers again finished in second position in the Maltese Premier League, some way behind eventual champions Marsaxlokk, who won the title by an 11-point gap.Woods and Sliema Wanderers went into the 2007–08 season, hoping to go one better and win the Maltese Premier League, however the club finish one worse than the previous season with a third-place finish, with Woods making 22 appearances and scoring ten goals.For the 2008–09 season, Woods and Sliema Wanderers finished in a disappointing fifth position in the Maltese Premier League, with Woods making 26 appearances and contributing with nine goals.Woods went into the 2009–10 season as the captain of Sliema Wanderers. Woods helped lead the club to a fourth-place finish under the guidance of new manager Mark Marlow. Sliema Wanderers also went on to beat Qormi in the Europa league play-off, Woods made 25 appearances and scored eight goals during the season. Floriana Following weeks of speculation, Ivan Woods was confirmed as a Floriana player on 30 August 2010. During his first season with Floriana, the latter finished 2nd in the Maltese Premier League and won the Maltese Cup against eternal rivals Valletta, winning 1-0, the goal scored by Ivan from a direct freekick in the 89th minute.

8187332468572887599

Q5975766

IZOD IndyCar World Championships AAA Championship Car The Silver State Century was a 100-lap/100-mile race at Las Vegas Park, a dirt track in Las Vegas. Jimmy Bryan was the winner of the race's lone running. Stardust Raceway The USAC Championship Car series held a race on the short-lived Stardust International Raceway in 1968. Bobby Unser won the Stardust 150 ahead of Mario Andretti and Joe Leonard. Caesars Palace Starting in 1981, Formula One scheduled a race on laid out in the parking lot of the Caesars Palace hotel. Following mediocre crowds, Formula One left after only two years. In 1983, CART picked up where Formula One left off, and started holding a race on the same course (albeit the layout was modified). After two editions under CART sanctioning, the race ended. Indy Racing League In 1996, Las Vegas Motor Speedway was announced as a venue for the newly formed Indy Racing League. The facility was still under construction when it was added to the 1996-97 season.For the first four runnings, the race was advertised as a 500 km race. Starting in 1997, the race was moved to a night race. In 2000, it was moved from the fall to the spring, and returned to a day race. After 2000, the race was removed from the IndyCar Series for a decade. Champ Car In 2004–2005, the Champ Car series held a 400-kilometre (250 mi) race at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Both editions were held under the lights on a Saturday night as part of the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series weekend in the fall. After only two years, however, the race was considered unpopular and was removed from the schedule. For 2005, the name of the race was changed to the Hurricane Relief 400, and it served as a fundraiser for Hurricane Katrina recovery. Fremont Street In July 2006, the Las Vegas City Council approved a 2.44-mile (3.93 km), 14-turn, counterclockwise street circuit in Downtown Las Vegas area near the Fremont Street Experience. Champ Car held their first event on Easter Sunday, April 8, 2007. The race was titled the Vegas Grand Prix. The course was generally liked by competitors and fans. With the dissolution of the Champ Car World Series in 2008, the event was cancelled after only one running. IZOD IndyCar World Championships On February 22, 2011, IndyCar CEO Randy Bernard announced the IZOD IndyCar World Championships to be held at Las Vegas Motor Speedway, reviving the 200-lap, 300-mile race format on the new variable banking. The race was adopted as a tripleheader, with the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Smith's 350 on Saturday and for the first time, a 100.5-mile Firestone Indy Lights race on Sunday morning.The first INDYCAR race since 2000 started with a hard-charging Indy Lights race where Sam Schmidt Motorsports teammates Josef Newgarden, Esteban Guerrieri, and Victor Carbone battled each other on the final lap, but Carbone cut the new Indy Lights champion Newgarden's tire on the Nellis Straightaway, leading Guerrieri and Carbone to fight for the win in a side-by-side finish, with Carbone willing by .0229 seconds. The 200-lap IndyCar feature ended on lap 12 after a 15-car crash that claimed the life of fellow Sam Schmidt Motorsports driver Dan Wheldon. IndyCar decided that the race would not continue, and spectators were offered refunds of all Sunday tickets that were used, and partial refunds of multiple-day tickets (Qualifying and NASCAR tickets could not be refunded, as Friday qualifying and Saturday NASCAR events finished without incident, so only the portion relating with the Sunday race could be processed).As a result of the incident, on December 8, 2011, Bernard announced that the IndyCar World Championships would not return to Las Vegas in 2012. The Smith's 350, which had been set for the IndyCar weekend, was moved up two weeks.

3969789530791660580

Q4673029

Ace in the Hole (1942 film) Plot Woody Woodpecker is at an U.S.]Army Air Corps military air base, and is dreaming of taking one of the aircraft up in the air. His enthusiasm in this respect gets him into a lot of trouble with his sergeant. Finally, the sergeant, fed up with Woody's actions in trying to imitate a pilot, throws Woody out of the barracks and into the pilots' quarters. Woody reads a textbook ("How to Fly a Plane From the Ground Up"). In the quarters, he stumbles over a clothes tree and into a flying suit. Woody's attempts to zipper the suit get him into more trouble as he knocks over a box of flares, one of which lands in the collar of the flying suit. Attempting to zipper the suit, Woody mistakenly pulls the pin from the flare, and he is violently projected into the air. The suit swells up and bursts, and Woody floats down by parachute into the cockpit of the aircraft (the PU-2). The sergeant orders Woody out of the cockpit, but Woody blindly pulls on a lever, and the aircraft takes off so fast that it leaves all the paint including markings and insignia behind. Finally, the sergeant lassos the aircraft, and the jolt yanks him out of his uniform. He climbs up to the cockpit through a bottom hatch, and as Woody opens it, bombs fall into the sergeant's underwear. The result is disastrous for the sergeant. Ultimately, the sergeant, sitting in a wheelchair with a shotgun on his knee, has Woody clipping every horse in the Army. Production notes Ace in the Hole (production #1014) was a World War II era animated short. Some erasure of the penciled title on a production drawing in graphite, reveals that at some point the original title for this was "America's Ace In The Hole".Ace in the Hole marks the first time Kent Rogers provided the voice for Woody. Woody's original design became a little softer in starting with Ace in the Hole. His bucked teeth began to disappear, as Lantz realized this feature was extraneous. In addition, the beak and feet colors became slightly brighter and more vibrant, and his big chin is gone.A number of 1940s aviation and aeronautics terms were used in Ace in the Hole. The title is a play on the card-playing term "ace in the hole" and the "flying ace" who would score five victories in a fighter aircraft. The "clipper" was a reference to the famous Boeing Clipper that had recently gone into service with Pan American World Airways. Even the fictional "PU-2" bore a striking resemblance to the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter aircraft in service with the United States Army Air Corps. Reception Ace in the Hole was the fifth episode of Season 1 of The Woody Woodpecker Show, a "package show" that debuted on ABC on October 3, 1957. The series continued until 1958 on ABC, 1958-1966 in Syndication, 1970-September 2, 1972 on NBC, September 11, 1976-September 3, 1977 on NBC, 1987-1997 in Syndication, and 1997-1998 on Cartoon Network, where it disappeared from television entirely (save for the re-runs on Canada's Teletoon Retro service). Controversy In the 1950s, Ace in the Hole became the focal issue in the controversy that surrounds violence and violent images in the media. The wartime cartoon "became the subject of a famous study on the effects of media violence on children. It would be the first of many, launching a powerful movement."The Walter Lanz cartoon was the subject of a scientific study conduced by researcher Dr. Roberta Siegel. "As the stimulus from which the children’s behavior was subsequently tested, it is regarded as the Experiment (“the E film”) and the musical Iwerks’ Comicolor cartoon The Little Red Hen (sp) is the Control (“the C film”)." The study, completed in early 1955 by Siegel, was published the next year with the title “Film-Mediated Fantasy Aggression and Strength of Aggressive Drive.”Ace in the Hole was characterized as an example of extreme cartoon violence. Siegel wrote, "Raw aggression and unrelenting hostility dominate almost every scene of this, the E film.” The children in the study were given the choice of toys to play with including benign objects such as a clay, but also, two rubber knifes. The choice of the "violent" toy was linked to watching violent images and started a decades-long controversy of the effects of violent images on childrens' behavior.

148754763867899459

Q66312074

Jeanne Rorex-Bridges Early life Jeanne Walker was born in 1951 in Muskogee County, Oklahoma to Allie E. (née Stone) and Louis E. "Buster" Walker. Walker was raised on a farm near Oktaha, Oklahoma along with her six siblings. Her mother's family were of Cherokee heritage and her maternal uncle was the internationally known sculptor Willard Stone. She attended school in Oktaha and graduated in 1969 with the last class to attend the Old Oktaha High School. In 1971, she married Kenneth Rorex, with whom she had two sons. After her sons were older, Rorex returned to school in 1978, studying with Dick West and Ruthe Blalock Jones at Bacone College. After graduating as class salutatorian in 1980, she enrolled at Northeastern Oklahoma State University and graduated with a degree in graphic art. Career Rorex's art uses the traditional Bacone flatstyle, which employs little shading or dimension. Many of her paintings revolve around women, their work tending children and crops, and the different phases of their life, such as pregnancy, motherhood or friendship. She also incorporates symbolism, using native motifs like corn, and the sun and moon as woman's companion. Her figures typically are placed in landscape settings. She began exhibiting her art at regional events for Native American artists, winning numerous awards. She won the Jerome Tiger Memorial Award at the Trail of Tears Art show hosted at the Tsa-La-Gi Museum near Tahlequah, Oklahoma for three consecutive years and won the award five times in total. In 1988, she was invited along with other artists to participate in the "Cherokee Legends Exhibit" at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee, North Carolina.In 1990, concerns with non-indigenous people marketing imitation Native art led to passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Passage of the law meant that people who were unenrolled in a recognized federal or state tribe, no matter their heritage, were unable to market their wares as "Indian artists". The law made it possible for violators to be subject to a five year prison term or fines up to $1,000,000. The passage of the law created factions — those who believed it eliminated false advertising and misappropriation of traditional knowledge, those who believed it prevented poseurs from impersonating Native people, and those like Rorex, whose livelihoods were threatened. Exhibiting her work, or selling her paintings could have resulted in fines or jail time. Though the law made provisions for non-members to be certified as "artisans" by a recognized tribe, Rorex refused to petition the council, believing such a request would imply "that her family, relatives and ancestors were all frauds" and their resistance to enrollment was dishonorable. In 1991, when the Cherokee Tribal Council passed a resolution for her uncle Willard Stone to be a certified Cherokee artisan, Rorex and other members of the Stone family asked that the certification be withdrawn, as it recognized his work, but not his heritage. She was barred from participating in the exhibits of the Five Civilized Tribes Museum, the Philbrook Museum of Art's American Indian Heritage Competition, or the Tsa-La-Gi Annual, among other events. The Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression took up her case and the argument of individual autonomy in violation of her First Amendment rights. No legislative action came of the involvement and in 1996, the protocols for enforcement of the Act were finalized.Rorex was featured in a month-long solo exhibit in 1995, Harmony, Strength and the Spiritual: The Art of Jeanne Walker Rorex, held at the Institute for American Indian Studies in Washington, Connecticut. The following year, another solo exhibition hosted by the Red Cloud Gallery in St. Petersburg, Florida showcased her art. The Gallery had hosted some of her works over the previous five years, but the exhibit featured more than 200 pieces of her work. Around 2000, Rorex married James R. Bridges and changed her professional name to Jeanne Rorex-Bridges. Though she continued to produce artworks, she had to market herself as an Oklahoma artist. The couple traveled extensively, marketing her works in 17 different states, participating in events like the annual Rio Grande Arts & Crafts Festival of Albuquerque, New Mexico and the Native American and Wildlife Art Festival of Atlanta. In 2011, Rorex-Bridges had to learn how to paint left-handed after a stroke. Changing her former stance, she became an enrolled member of the state-recognized Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, a tribe whose validity is questioned by the three federally-recognized Cherokee tribal governments.Rorex-Bridges' work has been featured on the cover of numerous books and she has worked as an illustrator, having 16 nationally-published books to her credit. One of these, Crossing Bok Chitto, an award winning children's book by Tim Tingle (Choctaw) features 18 of her paintings to illustrate the story of a Choctaw girl who helped a slave boy escape from pre-Civil War Mississippi. Another series she painted, Sisters (1991-1995), focused on the interconnections between African and indigenous people, as well as their shared ancestry. The series highlights their shared history, as there were many people of African descent who were forcibly relocated with Native people in the Trail of Tears. In 2012, she was interviewed as part of the Oklahoma Native Artist Oral History Project of Oklahoma State University.In 2016, the State of Oklahoma passed legislation which barred people who were members of state recognized tribes from showing their works. Rorex-Bridges, Peggy Fontenot, and others were once again barred from participating in major Native Art shows. They were allowed to return to venues in 2017, when Rorex-Bridges and others filed a lawsuit challenging the law and won a stay of enforcement from the federal courts while the case was pending. In 2019, the lawsuit overturned the state law on the basis of its unconstitutionality citing that state law cannot be more restrictive than federal law. Since the federal statute allowed artists who were members of any tribe in the United States, the state law could not narrow that to artists who were members of a federally recognized tribe. That year, she was one of the artists featured in the Women of the Five Civilized Tribes Exhibit hosted by the Five Civilized Tribes Museum of Muskogee, Oklahoma.

4997305817336889373

Q4546960

10 złotych note First złoty banknotes In 1794, treasury notes were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 groszy, 1, 4, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych. The Duchy of Warsaw issued notes for 1, 2 and 5 talarów.In 1824, the Bank Kassowy Królestwa Polskiego issued notes for 10, 50 and 100 złotych. The Bank Polski issued notes dated 1830 and 1831 in denominations of 1, 5, 50 and 100 złotych, whilst assignats for 200 and 500 złotych were issued during the insurrection of 1831. From 1841, the Bank Polski issued notes denominated in rubel. Second złoty banknotes In 1924, along with provisional notes (overprints on old, bisected notes) for 1 and 5 groszy, the Ministry of Finance issued notes for 10, 20 and 50 groszy, whilst the Bank Polski introduced 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 złotych. From 1925, the Ministry of Finance issued 2 and 5 złotych notes, before they were replaced by silver coins, and the Bank Polski issued 5, 10, 20 and 50 złotych notes, with 100 złotych only reintroduced in 1932. In 1936, the Bank Polski issued 2 złote notes, followed in 1938 by Ministry of Finance notes for 1 złoty.In 1939, the General Government overprinted 100 złotych notes for use before, in 1940, the Bank Emisyjny w Polsce was set up and issued notes for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych. After liberation, notes (dated 1944) were introduced by the Narodowy Bank Polski for 50 grosz, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, with 1000 złotych notes added in 1945. Third złoty banknotes In 1950, new notes, which were dated 1948, were introduced for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 złotych, but 1000 złotych notes were added in 1962. 200 and 2000 złotych notes were added in 1976 and 1977, followed by 5000 złotych notes in 1982. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw high inflation in Poland and led to the introduction of notes in denominations of 10,000 in 1987, 20,000 in 1989, 50,000 in 1989, 100,000 in 1990, 200,000 in 1989, 500,000 in 1990, 1,000,000 in 1991 and 2,000,000 złotych in 1992. These notes (and coins) were valid, but with the exception of the 200,000 złotych note, until the end of 1996. They could be exchanged at the National Bank of Poland and some banks obligated to it by the NBP until 31 December 2010, and they are no longer legal tender. Current banknotes In 1995, notes, which were dated 1994, were introduced in denominations of 10 złotych, 20 złotych, 50 złotych, 100 złotych and 200 złotych. Collector banknotes There has been only one ten złotych collector banknote, which was issued in 2008. 90th anniversary of Polish independence On 30 October 2008, the National Bank of Poland issued its second collector's banknote, this time commemorating the 90th anniversary of Polish independence. 80,000 banknotes of this kind were printed.The right side of the obverse bears a bust of Joseph Pilsudski viewed in profile. Beside the picture of Pilsudski there is a view of the Belvedere Palace, which was seat of the Chief of State in the years 1918-1922 and being the residence of the Polish Marshal from 1926 to 1935. The second image of Joseph Pilsudski, visible in the lower left corner, recalls that the most urgent challenges facing the country had a military character. The Marshal, in a military cloak and cap, is leaning on the edge of a trench and watching. Above the view of the Belvedere Palace is the emblem of the Polish state in its present form. Beside Pilsudski's picture, on the right hand side is the year '1918' in vertical writing.The reverse features an image of the 1919 version of the Coat of arms of Poland which was used, among others, on the 1919-1923 Polish marka banknotes, the first money issued by the independent Polish state. Next to it, the Kielce monument to the deeds of the Polish Legions, called the "rifle squad four", showing figures of four legionnaires marching in formatio, is pictured.

8537157044819128523

Q536579

Dahn Ben-Amotz Biography Moshe Tehilimzeigger (later Dahn Ben-Amotz) was born in Równe (then in Poland, now in Ukraine). He was sent to the British Mandate for Palestine by his parents in 1938. His parents were murdered in the Holocaust.In Palestine he was sent to Ben Shemen Youth Village, where his counselor was Shimon Peres. He changed his name to Moshe Shimony and later to Dahn Ben-Amotz, feeling the latter had the right sabra sound. Reinventing his personal history to portray himself as a true native sabra, Ben-Amotz claimed to be an orphan who had relatives in some of the older Zionist settlements.In the 1940s, Ben-Amotz served in the Palmah and joined the Palyam during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. Media and literary career Amotz spent the years of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Europe as a national emissary. After the war he worked for a short while as a Paris correspondent for Israeli papers. He then traveled to the United States and went to Hollywood. He made friends with Marlon Brando and Blackie Dammett, Anthony Kiedis's father, and had a small part in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951).In the 1950s Ben-Amotz returned to Israel. He was the star of the radio show "Three Men in a Boat", a weekly satirical review that became the country's most popular show, and wrote regularly for Israeli newspapers. In 1956 he published A Bag of Fibs with Haim Hefer, a collection of tall stories from the Palmah folklore, which gained cult status.According to the Los Angeles Times, "Ben-Amotz was one of the pioneers in the revival of modern Hebrew from a dormant language of prayer and study. He authored a dictionary of Hebrew slang and wrote articles and novels that shocked many Israelis with their frankness."In the 1980s he was diagnosed with liver cancer. When his disease became known to the public, he also brought to light the truth about his personal history. He made a much-publicized trip to Poland that included a tour of Auschwitz. On April 8, 1989, he held a farewell party at the "Hamam" club in Jaffa, to which he invited 150 acquaintances. The invitees included Amos Keinan (a former rival), Amos Oz, Meir Shalev, Gila Almagor, Yaakov Agmon, Shlomo Artzi, Yosef Lapid, Yehudit Ravitz and Nurit Galron. After the party he made a trip to the US, to say goodbye to his children from his first marriage. He died in 1989 in Jaffa and was survived by two sons and two daughters. His funeral was held on October 22.On January 11, 1992, journalist Amnon Dankner published a biography of Ben-Amotz, in which he argued that Ben-Amotz had incest with his mother when he was thirteen. He also claimed that in his last years, Ben-Amotz had forced himself on underage girls he would pick up in Jaffa. These claims led to a police investigation of some of Ben-Amotz's friends. The book stirred a scandal. Some saw it as exploding the myth of Dan Ben-Amotz, while others saw it as an attempt to gain financially from exploiting Ben-Amotz's legacy by spreading groundless criticism against Ben-Amotz, and many of Ben-Amotz's relatives, who were also Dankner's friends, threatened to file a libel suit against Dankner and broke off contact with him. Published works Parents Meeting (1962) was semi-autobiographical short story about the hardships of the new immigrants in an Israeli boarding school in the Yishuv. The screenplay for the movie Siege (1968), in which he also acted, dealt with the difficulties that a war widow faces in militaristic Israeli society. His novel To Remember, To Forget (1968) revealed some autobiographical motifs – the protagonist is a young man who lost his family in the Holocaust and attempted (by changing his name) to re-create himself as a true sabra. In the book, Ben-Amotz tried to confront such questions as his European past and German guilt over the Holocaust. In 1972 he published his dictionary of Hebrew slang, which he co-wrote with Netiva Ben Yehuda. The novel Does Not Give a Damn (1973) told of a soldier who was wounded in battle and his rehabilitation efforts.

6139866647034720035

Q7277184

RNA recognition motif Human proteins containing this domain A2BP1; ACF; BOLL; BRUNOL4; BRUNOL5; BRUNOL6; CCBL2; CGI-96; CIRBP; CNOT4; CPEB2; CPEB3; CPEB4; CPSF7; CSTF2; CSTF2T; CUGBP1; CUGBP2; D10S102; DAZ1; DAZ2; DAZ3; DAZ4; DAZAP1; DAZL; DNAJC17; DND1; EIF3S4; EIF3S9; EIF4B; EIF4H; ELAVL1; ELAVL2; ELAVL3; ELAVL4; ENOX1; ENOX2; EWSR1; FUS; FUSIP1; G3BP; G3BP1; G3BP2; GRSF1; HNRNPL; HNRPA0; HNRPA1; HNRPA2B1; HNRPA3; HNRPAB; HNRPC; HNRPCL1; HNRPD; HNRPDL; HNRPF; HNRPH1; HNRPH2; HNRPH3; HNRPL; HNRPLL; HNRPM; HNRPR; HRNBP1; HSU53209; HTATSF1; IGF2BP1; IGF2BP2; IGF2BP3; LARP7; MKI67IP; MSI1; MSI2; MSSP-2; MTHFSD; MYEF2; NCBP2; NCL; NOL8; NONO; P14; PABPC1; PABPC1L; PABPC3; PABPC4; PABPC5; PABPN1; POLDIP3; PPARGC1; PPARGC1A; PPARGC1B; PPIE; PPIL4; PPRC1; PSPC1; PTBP1; PTBP2; PUF60; RALY; RALYL; RAVER1; RAVER2; RBM10; RBM11; RBM12; RBM12B; RBM14; RBM15; RBM15B; RBM16; RBM17; RBM18; RBM19; RBM22; RBM23; RBM24; RBM25; RBM26; RBM27; RBM28; RBM3; RBM32B; RBM33; RBM34; RBM35A; RBM35B; RBM38; RBM39; RBM4; RBM41; RBM42; RBM44; RBM45; RBM46; RBM47; RBM4B; RBM5; RBM7; RBM8A; RBM9; RBMS1; RBMS2; RBMS3; RBMX; RBMX2; RBMXL2; RBMY1A1; RBMY1B; RBMY1E; RBMY1F; RBMY2FP; RBPMS; RBPMS2; RDBP; RNPC3; RNPC4; RNPS1; ROD1; SAFB; SAFB2; SART3; SETD1A; SF3B14; SF3B4; SFPQ; SFRS1; SFRS10; SFRS11; SFRS12; SFRS15; SFRS2; SFRS2B; SFRS3; SFRS4; SFRS5; SFRS6; SFRS7; SFRS9; SLIRP; SLTM; SNRP70; SNRPA; SNRPB2; SPEN; SR140; SRRP35; SSB; SYNCRIP; TAF15; TARDBP; THOC4; TIA1; TIAL1; TNRC4; TNRC6C; TRA2A; TRSPAP1; TUT1; U1SNRNPBP; U2AF1; U2AF2; UHMK1; ZCRB1; ZNF638; ZRSR1; ZRSR2;

17411914469563914957

Q639454

VfB Marburg History VfB Marburg was established on 13 May 1905 as Marburger Fußball Club and in its first two years boasted over 100 members. In October 1908, the club changed its name to Verein für Bewegungsspiele 1905 Marburg as it began to include sports other than football.In 1911, the footballers beat Bonner FV 6–0 and then 1. FC Nürnberg 5–2 on their way to capturing the first ever Akademikermeisterschaft with 1–0 victory over Holstein Kiel. The club finished as Hessian league champions before losing a re-match with Kiel in the Academic Championship. The club took part in the west German regional finals at the end of the 1912–13 season where they lost 7–1 to Union Düsseldorf.During World War I the team suspended play until being re-established in February 1919. On 30 August 1925, they joined the Sportvereinigung Kurhessen Marburg to form Sportvereinigung VfB 05 Kurhessen. Following the 1933 reorganization of German football into 16 top-flight regional divisions under the Third Reich, the combined side became part of the Gauliga Hessen (I). They were sent down after a poor debut season in 1933–34, but were promoted back the following year. They were relegated again after two more seasons in the Gauliga before being forced to join TSV Marburg on 25 September 1937 to form VfL Marburg.VfL Marburg failed in their attempt to win their way back to the Gauliga in 1938. The outbreak of World War II eventually made it difficult and dangerous to travel across the country and competition became more local in character. The team later rejoined what had become the Gauliga Kurhessen for three seasons from 1941 until 1944.Play was interrupted by World War II and the team briefly disappeared before again being reformed as VfL Marburg late in 1945. Their first post-war match took place 9 September 1945 and they rejoined regular league play the following season. In front of 5,000 spectators, the club won the regional cup by beating FSV Frankfurt 2–0 and advanced on to the Verbandsliga Hessen (II), where they played just a single season. They club remained competitive with the reserve side winning state titles in 1957 and 1959. The first team became a fixture in the Amateurliga Hessen (III), winning a division title there in 1960 and returning a number of upper table finishes before slipping back to the Landesliga in 1966. It was not until 1985 that they were again able to advance following a Landesliga Mitte (V) title. VfL Marburg played four seasons as a lower table side in the Amateuroberliga Hessen (IV), narrowly missing relegation thanks to a playoff win over SpVgg Dietesheim (4–0) in 1988 before slipping back to the Landesliga the following year. Since 1992 On 9 April 1992, the football section of the sports club left to form a separate association reclaiming its historical identity as the Verein für Bewegungsspiele 1905 Marburg e.V. They returned to the Oberliga Hessen in 1999 and again narrowly missed relegation, this time because of the voluntary withdrawal of SV Germania Horbach. Due to financial problems, VfB Marburg were relegated in 2005. In the same year, former Marburg mayor Dietrich Möller became the new club president. After becoming Verbandsliga Hessen-Mitte champions in the 2008–09 season, VfB Marburg returned to the fifth-tier Hessenliga for two seasons before being relegated again in 2011. Stadium VfB Marburg plays its home fixtures at the Stadion an der Gisselberger Straße which has a capacity of around 4,000 spectators. Friendlies against higher division clubs, as well youth team matches and cup games are usually held at the adjacent 12,000 capacity Georg-Gaßmann-Stadion.

12212680943794345366

Q1193195

Ingalls Shipbuilding Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of Huntington Ingalls Industries. It is a leading producer of ships for the United States Navy, and at 12,500 employees, the second largest private employer in Mississippi with WalMart being the largest with 24,000 employees. History In 1938, Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation was founded by Robert Ingersoll Ingalls, Sr. (1882–1951) of Birmingham, Alabama, on the East Bank of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Ingalls was located where the Pascagoula River runs into the Gulf of Mexico. It started out building commercial ships including the USS George Clymer (APA-27), which took part in Liberty Fleet Day 27 September 1941. In the 1950s Ingalls started bidding on Navy work, winning a contract in 1957 to build 12 nuclear-powered attack submarines.Litton Industries acquired Ingalls in 1961, and in 1968 expanded its facilities to the other side of the river. Ingalls reached a high point of employment in 1977, with 27,280 workers. In April 2001, Litton was acquired by the Northrop Grumman Corporation.On 29 August 2005, Ingalls facilities were damaged by Hurricane Katrina; most of the ships in dock and construction escaped serious harm. While shipbuilding was halted for a while due to the destruction of many buildings, most vehicles and the large overhead cranes are the same that the facility continues to operate today.On 31 March 2011, Northrop Grumman spun off its shipbuilding sector (including Ingalls Shipbuilding) into a new corporation, Huntington Ingalls Industries.In 2015, Ingalls Shipbuilding Company signed a contract with US Navy for new destroyers, littoral combat ships, and new landing craft. USS John Finn was one of the first new destroyers and was launched on March 28. The company is also building the USS Ralph Johnson, USS Paul Ignatius and USS Delbert D. Black.On 21 March 2015, the new San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock ship USS John P. Murtha was ceremonially christened. The vessel had been launched on October 30 and was commissioned in 2017.On 27 March 2015, the shipyard received construction contracts for their next destroyers. Ingalls Shipbuilding Company was awarded a $604.3 million contract modification to build USS Frank E. Petersen Jr..On 31 March 2015, the shipyard also received another contract with a $500 million fixed price to build the eighth National Security Cutter (NSC) for the US Coast Guard. Most of them will be under construction until 2019. The cutters are the most advanced ships ever built for the Coast Guard.On 30 June 2016, Ingalls Shipbuilding signed a contract with US Navy to build the U.S. Navy's next large-deck amphibious assault warship. The contract included planning, advanced engineering, and procurement of long-lead material, is just over $272 million. If options are exercised, the cumulative value of the contract would be $3.1 billion Products Ingalls' primary product has been naval ships, and naval projects for Egypt, Israel, and Venezuela. In the 1950s, Ingalls attempted to enter the diesel locomotive market. They cataloged an extensive product line, but only one example, known as the model 4-S, was produced. It was sold to the Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroad. Ingalls also manufactured covered hopper railroad cars in the early 1980s, producing around 4,000 units, primarily for the lease market via North American Car. Ships built Ships built by Ingalls include: Tankers T5 Tanker prototype, 615-foot vessel intended for possible conversion to atomic power, 1958

10017969320388092103

Q6725871

Macy DuBois Gazell Macy DuBois M. Arch, P. Eng, PP-FRAIC, PP-RCA, FAIA (hon) (20 December 1929 – 9 November 2007) was an American-born Canadian architect who designed several landmark Toronto buildings. Early life Born in Baltimore, Maryland, DuBois earned a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (cum laude) at Tufts University in 1951, and served in Europe and Asia with the U.S. Navy from 1951–54. DuBois retired as Lieutenant, Junior Grade and commander of the minesweeper USS Kite with the Korea Service Star and United Nations Battle Star. Career Uncertain about a career in engineering, DuBois attended an American Institute of Architects (AIA) conference in Boston, and was inspired to attend the Harvard Graduate School of Design, graduating in 1958. In his final year, he entered the Toronto City Hall design competition with three other student collaborators. Selected as one of 8 semi-finalists from a field of 510 entrants, he moved to Toronto to work on the second round and, although his design was not ultimately selected, soon relocated permanently.DuBois worked briefly for John B. Parkin and Associates (1958–59), then joined Robert Fairfield Associates in 1960, which was renamed Fairfield+DuBois when he became a partner in 1962. The firm went through several name changes as partners joined and left, finally becoming The DuBois Plumb Partnership after partnering with Helga Plumb in 1979 until their retirement in 2001.His first major project, begun in 1959, was the combined residence and teaching facility of New College, University of Toronto, with a curved interior courtyard inside a rectilinear facade. It was well received, winning a local architectural design award after completion of phase II, and is considered one of the finest buildings on the campus.Having been told soon after arriving in Toronto that exposed concrete "just won't work because of our climate", DuBois determined to prove otherwise in his second significant project, the Central Technical School Arts Centre. Occupied in 1963, it was an internationally recognized success, establishing his reputation designing academic buildings.Probably his most-photographed building was the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67, an irregular tent-like structure made of computer-designed fabric stretched across a steel framework. A little too imaginative for some, who claimed the model "looks vaguely like a bat strangling under a white sheet" or "a model of a sort of tent city or a mess of paper triangles or mentally disarranged envelopes", it was greatly admired by almost everyone who actually saw it. Dubois wanted a natural landscaping for the pavilion and worked with landscape architect Dick Strong on a design featuring massive granite blocks, of differing size.DuBois went on to design many institutional buildings, including a large portion of Lakehead University, and win numerous awards. Generally in the modern style, he tempered the brutalism of Le Corbusier, with inspiration from Alvar Aalto, Louis Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright. To these influences, he personally added sensitivity to the application and environment, building on a human scale, and the use of interior spaces that are useful year-round.His only significant residential project, The Oaklands condominium and townhouse development in Toronto, is an excellent example. Earning a Governor General's Award in 1983, the citation credited "Scale with surroundings well conceived; calm of the complex's interior street; considerable value obtained with limited budget.As his career matured, DuBois contributed a great deal of time to foster the profession of architecture. His energetic service to the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada earned him the presidency of the society from 1982–83, and he also served as president of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts from 1988–91.His last public appearance was at the launch of the book Concrete Toronto on November 1, 2007, only a few days before his unexpected death.

1190124147235016506

Q1541248

Happy Hell Night Plot On Halloween night 1963, a fallen Catholic priest named Zachary Malius murders seven fraternity pledges from Winfield College who apparently broke into his family's crypt and enacted an occult initiation ritual. After being confronted by his peer, Father Cane, who believed Malius was possessed, Malius was incarcerated in an insane asylum for his crimes; Henry Collins, a pledge that year, was the only survivor.In 1989, during pledge week, the university students are preparing for hell night. Fraternity member Eric Collins, the son of Henry, is suggested by his fraternity brother Ned to have the new pledges break into the local insane asylum and photograph Malius as their initiation ritual. Eric later mentions the prospect to his father over the phone, which causes Henry to cut their call short. Later that afternoon, Eric finds his girlfriend Liz having sex with his younger brother, Sonny, in a hotel room. To punish him, Eric appoints Sonny and fellow pledge Ralph to photograph Malius as their initiation. Sonny and Ralph break into the asylum and find Malius's cell sequestered in the basement, but when Ralph attempts to take a photo, Malius attacks and kills him. Ralph flees on his motorcycle while Malius murders a nurse orderly before escaping.Meanwhile, Liz attempts arrives at the party with her friend, Susan, and attempts to apologize to Eric at the party, but is rebuffed. She finds Ned Bara, a nerdy fraternity member, downstairs, and he inadvertently reveals Sonny's initiation ritual to her. Concerned when Sonny fails to return by midnight, Liz stops by the local church and seeks advice from the priest, Father Cane. When she explains Sonny's initiation assignment, Cane panics and urges her to go into hiding. Back at the fraternity house, the party begins to phase out, and Eric initiates sex with a Kappa Sigma sorority sister, but she stops him when he cannot find a condom. She attempts to leave the fraternity house, but is subsequently murdered in her car by Malius, who drives an ice axe through her head. Malius subsequently kills several partygoers in the house. Meanwhile, Henry, arrives in town and visits the church, where he finds Cane's body hanging posed as the Cross of Saint Peter above the altar.Liz returns to the fraternity shortly after, finding it apparently empty. Throughout the house, she discovers multiple corpses before being confronted by Malius, but she evades him. Eric and Sonny subsequently arrive, and the three band together with Ned, who has closed-circuit monitors of the house in his room. Communicating to Ned via a walkie-talkie, Eric, Sonny, and Liz locate Susan, who is decapitated in the attic. Malius stalks them through the house, before Eric shoots him with a speargun, and he falls out a window. Henry arrives moments later, and confesses that he and Malius conspired together in 1963 to recreate a Satanic ritual, in which Henry made a pact with the devil that yielded him power and wealth. Malius, unfazed, murders Ned downstairs before impaling Henry with the ice axe through the door, killing him.Eric, Sonny, and Liz find a book in Latin inside Henry's satchel detailing the ritual he performed with Malius twenty-five years earlier. Eric and Liz run to the cemetery and attempt to recreate the ritual in the Malius crypt. Malius arrives and stabs Eric through the chin, but is stopped from killing him when Sonny arrives moments later. Sonny and Liz complete the ritual, but Malius takes Sonny with him to hell. The police arrive at the cemetery shortly after, and Liz leaves with Eric in an ambulance. As she assures Eric everything is going to be alright, the ambulance driver turns around and reveals himself to be Malius. Release Happy Hell Night was released on video in the United States in April 1992, and was released in the United Kingdom on video under the title Hell Night (not to be confused with the 1981 film of the same name). It was also released under the title Frat Night in Europe. It subsequently screened on the Cinemax network throughout October 1992. Home media The film was released on DVD by Anchor Bay Entertainment on August 3, 2004. It was released for the first time on Blu-ray in a limited run by Code Red DVD on December 5, 2016, featuring a new 2k scan from the original vault materials.

4118845257895912958

Q6926188

Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye (26 April 1944 – 19 November 2017) was a Nigerien politician who was President of the Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP-Zaman Lahiya), a political party in Niger, from 2010 to 2017. As a high-ranking army officer, he was Army Chief of Staff for a time and also briefly served as Minister of National Defense in 1999 as part of a transitional military regime. After retiring from the army and beginning a political career, he stood as the ANDP's candidate in the 2011 presidential election, winning only a small share of the vote. From December 2011 to 2017, he was President of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Niger (CESOC). Military and political career As an army officer with the rank of colonel, Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye was the Army Chief of Staff at the time of the assassination of President Ibrahim Bare Mainassara by soldiers undertaking a coup d'etat on 9 April 1999. Amidst the confusion that followed the coup, it was suggested that he might head the junta that took power, but instead he was appointed as Minister of National Defense in the junta's transitional government, appointed a week after the coup. The transition ended with the swearing-in of an elected President, Mamadou Tandja, on 22 December 1999.Djermakoye is the brother of Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye, who led the ANDP, a political party, from the time of its creation in the early 1990s until his death in June 2009. Following a coup that ousted Tandja in February 2010, Djermakoye was appointed as Special Adviser to the President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy, Salou Djibo, in March 2010.Djermakoye, having retired from the military, was elected to succeed his brother as ANDP President at an extraordinary party congress on 20 June 2010. He won the vote easily; he received 278 votes, while Amadou Nouhou received 85 votes and Ali Seyni Gado received 66 votes. Speaking to Le Sahel after the congress, he said that he did not find it very remarkable that he had shifted from a career in the military to the leadership of a political party. Although he lacked elective political experience due to his service in the military, he observed that he had nevertheless held administrative posts during periods of military rule and therefore felt he was sufficiently experienced for the role. He was subsequently nominated to stand as the ANDP candidate in the January 2011 presidential election, and the Transitional Constitutional Council approved his candidacy, along with nine others, on 22 December 2010.In the first round of the presidential election, held on 31 January 2011, Djermakoye received 3.95% of the vote. On 10 February 2011, he announced his support for the candidacy of the first round's leading candidate, Mahamadou Issoufou, in the second round. Djermakoye was one of several unsuccessful first round candidates who gave their support to Issoufou at that time, helping to give the momentum to Issoufou in his second round campaign against Seyni Oumarou.Djermakoye also stood as an ANDP candidate in the January 2011 parliamentary election and was elected to the National Assembly. He was appointed as President of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council, a state institution, on 9 December 2011. Consequently he vacated his parliamentary seat.At the ANDP's Sixth Ordinary Congress, held in Maradi on 9–10 May 2015, Djermakoye was re-elected as President of the ANDP. Djermakoye did not stand again as a candidate for the February 2016 presidential election, as the ANDP opted to endorse the candidacy of incumbent President Mahamadou Issoufou in the first round of voting.He died on 19 November 2017 in Paris, France at the age of 73.

13419080207184959050

Q64009409

Richard Georgi Early life and education Georgi grew up in Boulder, Colorado where he was a competitive ski racer from an early age. He received his bachelor’s degree in Political Economics, cum laude, from Williams College where he ski raced NCAA Division 1. He went onto receive a Master’s with distinction in Business Administration from the Harvard Business School. Georgi began working at Goldman Sachs as an analyst in 1987 and returned as an associate after business school in 1992. Georgi worked at Goldman until 1999 when he resigned as a Managing Director to launch Soros Real Estate Partners. Investment career Georgi began his career in the Goldman Sachs' Real Estate Department in New York in 1987 and later transferred to Los Angeles, where he participated in over $2.5 billion of real estate-related sales and financings. Upon graduating from Harvard Business School in 1992, Georgi joined Goldman Sach’s Real Estate Principal Investment Area (“REPIA”) shortly after its inception in New York, where he participated in approximately $1 billion of principal investment transactions in North America, including spearheading Goldman’s “Whitehall” Funds’ successful hospitality and Canadian efforts.In late 1994, Georgi moved to London, where under his leadership, Whitehall grew from an approximately $300 million portfolio into one of the leading European real estate private equity businesses with over 30 dedicated professionals managing approximately $5 billion of assets in five countries, including approximately $1 billion of invested equity. Under Georgi’s direction, Whitehall became a market leader in several European real estate sectors including hospitality, non-performing loan portfolios, office development, privatizations and healthcare and was widely recognized for its market penetration, innovation and size. Georgi was promoted to Executive Director in 1996 and Managing Director in 1998 and received two Goldman Sachs Innovation Awards. Georgi also served on the Investment Committee for the Whitehall Funds.Notable achievements include: Creating Gestion d’Actifs Haussmann, which became the preeminent NPL servicer in France; Leading the acquisition of the UK Government’s Department of Social Security Estate and mobilization of Trillium; Developing a leading pan-European hospitality initiative, including Alliance Hôtellerie and Citadines; and Sponsoring a healthcare initiative which subsequently resulted in the public-to-private acquisition of Westminster Healthcare.In 1999, Georgi resigned from Goldman to team up with George Soros to establish Soros Real Estate Partners (SREP), a subsidiary of Soros Fund Management (SFM), and became responsible for Soros’s worldwide real estate-related investments. Georgi led the fund raising for the $1 billion Soros Real Estate Investors (SREI) fund, at the time the largest first-time fund ever. As Managing Partner at SREP, Georgi initiated several operating platforms in Europe, drawing on previous relationships and forming new ones with proven operating partners. He also initiated SREP’s Japanese investment program. He served on several European platform boards and on all the Japanese platform boards. Georgi also served on the SREI investment committee while at SFM.Georgi was heavily involved in a number of other property deals in the UK around this time. In particular, he led the consortium named Mapeley that successfully acquired the Department of Inland Revenue’s real estate portfolio on a highly structured 20 year sale-leaseback valued at over £2 billion. Initially, Georgi also served as the Executive Chairman of Mapeley.Georgi furthermore led the effort to establish a beachhead in Japan where the market was still recovering from its financial crisis in the early 1990’s. SREI established one of the first foreign owned hotel management companies, Ishin Management, which was to acquire and manage hotels. Ishin grew to own nearly $1 billion of hotels at its peak and is today considered one of the leaders in the nation in managing limited service boutique hotels under the “b brand” in Japan.In 2004, Georgi led the amicable spinout of the team in its entirety from SFM to create a newly formed independent firm, Grove International Partners, with Soros as its largest investor. Grove went on to raise $1.2 billion and $2.0 billion funds successively and become one of the largest independent real estate private equity firm with offices in Europe, Asia, and North America.After the Great Financial Crisis, Georgi moved back to the United States to lead the firm’s entry into North America which focused primarily on distressed acquisitions of buildings converted to creative offices in San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York. In 2014, Georgi and his partners formed a subsidiary business named Alpine Grove Partners to manage separate accounts with existing investors, initially focusing on distress in Spain. Over the course of its nearly 20-year history, Alpine Grove and its affiliates have acquired over $20 billion of real estate in 12 countries with roughly $6 billion of invested equity through over 200 transactions totaling over 6500 assets. Board positions and philanthropy Georgi has served on the Boards of several of the Fund portfolio companies including Trillium (UK), Alliance Hotellerie (FRA), Medgroup (ESP), Gestion d’Active Haussman (FRA), Mapeley (UK), Ishin Hospitality (JAP) and Intrawest (CAN).Georgi has also acted in numerous capacities for non-profit organizations including both the National and International Boards of Big Brothers/ Big Sisters, the Real Asset Advisory Committee to the Williams College Endowment, the International Board of the Harvard Real Estate Academic Initiative as well as an active volunteer for Habitat for Humanity for 25 years.

13631711114545609255

Q3639713

Bicchulite Composition Considering that bicchulite was found in skarns, the mineral contains various impurities, thus preventing theformation of an absolute chemical formula. Even with the use of X-ray powder diffraction techniques, an accurate composition of bicchulite could not be determined. However, after performing some experiments of hydrating gehlenite, not only was bicchulite created but also an ideal chemical formula for the rare mineral was arranged as 2CaO •Al₂O₃ •SiO₂ •H₂O. Since bicchulite contains aluminium, silicon, and oxygen it is considered an aluminosilicate. At room temperature aluminosilicates typically have a ratio of aluminium to silicon that is close to 1 as a result of alternating linkages of Al and Si ions with O, or Loewenstein's rule. Though bicchulite is an aluminosilicate, it is the only one to have an Al to Si ratio of 2:1 and have a framework structure. Bicchulite is also a sodalite-type mineral not only because of its similar composition components of Na₆(Na,Ca)₂(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)X1−2n•H₂O, but also because of its analogous structure. Structure The sodalite family of minerals has a tetrahedral framework structure, with highly charged cations such as Al³⁺ or Si⁴⁺ connecting through a common O²⁻. Therefore, bicchulite is considered a sodalite-type structure since it has tetrahedrons consisting of Al, Si, and O. The Al and Si atoms are distributed on the tetrahedral sites while calcium ions and empty (OH)₄-tetrahedra occupy the cavities. Additionally, because of bicchulite's sodalite-type framework it contains beta cages, which are known to have a high degree of flexibility, and as a result, the structure can collapse by various mechanisms to accommodate different cations and anions in the beta cage. Since the Al:Si ratio in bicchulite is 2:1, this causes disorder of the Al and Si. Consequently, Al-O-Al linkages with the tetrahedral units occur instead of Al-O-Si which infringes Loewenstein's rule and causes problems for determining the structure of bicchulite.While trying to verify the structure of bicchulite with a direct program method, unreasonable crystals-chemical features were found. In the end, developed models were established with the use of trial and error and the help of the Patterson function, which maps out the atoms in the lattice to check the developed models. With the process of elimination, only the space group of I4 ̅3m satisfied the correct interatomic distances and the linkages of polyhedra, and was later confirmed by using neutron diffraction.The structure of the cells of bicchulite was identified to be body centered cubic with the help of X-ray powdered patterns. Moreover, the crystals are cubic form with a point group of 4 ̅3m, thus having an isometric crystal class. Neutron diffraction determined that the bicchulite crystals have a space group of I4 ̅3m with a=8.825 ± 0.001 Å. It was determined that the Al and Si atoms were placed on the tetrahedral sites with oxygen holding them in place. There is also an empty tetrahedron of oxygen atoms in the center of each octahedral group and each is bonded to a hydrogen atom that is on the body diagonals of the cell. With the help of the Patterson function, which determines the crystallography of minerals, calcium atoms and OH groups were seen in the large spaces of bicchulite's framework. Geological occurrence Bicchulite is the natural analogue of gehlenite hydrate, therefore gehlenite can decompose into bicchulite, or the processes can be reversed by using hydrothermal methods to turn bicchulite back into gehlenite. Additionally, bicchulite can be formed during the cooling episode of contact metamorphism, where the rock's texture is changed because of exposure to pressure and extreme temperatures from magma, or by metasomatism, which alters the rock chemically by hydrothermal fluids. Bicchulite occurs with vesuvianite (with or without hydrogrossular), gehlenite, and calcite. Furthermore, the bicchulite from the Akagane mine in Iwate Prefecture, Japan contains xanthophyllite and vesuvianite. Bicchulite not only occurs in skarns in the town Bicchu, but also skarns at Carneal, Northern Ireland.

3013872083844295535

Q2689356

Serhiy Sobolyev Education Sobolev graduated from the Zaporozhye State Pedagogical Institute (now – Zaporizhzhya National University in 1983 with a specialty in History, before earning a second degree from the Law School at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 1996. Early career His work experience began in 1978, at the Zaporozhye defense plant "Gamma".From 1983–1985 he served in the Armed Forces.From 1985 to 1986 he worked at the Dnieper electrode plant in Zaporozhye.In 1986–1990 was teaching history in Zaporozhye Pedagogical School number 1. Political activity By July 1990, he had become a member of the Communist Party. He later moved to the opposition bench.From 1990–1994, he was national deputy of Ukraine 1st Convocation by Khortitskiy Constituency number 184, Zaporizhzhya region. He was the leader of the group "Democratic Revival of Ukraine" (a member of the same party) and a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Education and Science.From 1994–1998 he was the National Deputy of Ukraine's 2nd Convocation. He headed the parliamentary group "Reforms". He was a member of the Committee on Legal Policy and Legal Reform and Deputy Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on privatization. At his suggestion a special parliamentary committee investigated the management of the Black Sea Shipping Company (Company "Blasko") that suspended the presidential decree of Leonid Kravchuk on government bonds. He participated in the development of the Ukraine Constitution and various laws.In October 1997 he was one of the leaders of the newly formed center-right party "Reforms and Order".From December 1999 to April 2001 he served as adviser to the Prime Minister of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko.From 2002–2006 he was national deputy of Ukraine fourth convocation, selected by Yushchenko's "Our Ukraine" (16th on the list). He was Chairman of the Subcommittee on Legislative Support of executive power and civil service (in administrative reform) Committee on Legal Policy. From 3 March to 22 September 2005 he was the Permanent Representative of the President of Ukraine in the Verkhovna Rada. He resigned in protest against the dismissal of Government of Yulia Tymoshenko President of Ukraine. In September 2005 he led a faction of PRO.At the next March 2006 elections Party "Reforms and Order" in the Civic party "PORA-PRP" failed to overcome three percent passing bar. However, in the fall of 2007 early elections Sergey Sobolev joined the election race as part of Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc (at the time of the election, he was deputy chairman of a PRP-led group of experts at Kiev Ltd. "Central European agency"). In the sixth convocation he headed the subcommittee on cooperation with state agencies, local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations of the Committee for Justice, a member of the Permanent Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Also, he was the first deputy head of the fraction.On 20 February 2010 Sobolev became the leader of PRO. By that time he was the head of Zaporizhia Oblast party organization.On 17 March 2010 – he became the head of the opposition of the Cabinet of Ministers, which is the de facto group of Yulia Tymoshenko.According to Arseny Yatsenyuk in October 2012, if he had won the democratic opposition forces in the parliamentary elections he would have become prime minister.Since 12 December in the 7th Convocation he was national deputy of the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", number 8 on the list. He was the first deputy head of the faction. He was a member of the Committee on Legal Policy. On 21 January 2013 he was elected Vice-President of the Ukrainian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.His party merged into Batkivshchyna in June 2013.On 20 March 2014 Sobolev replaced Yatsenyuk as Batkivshchyna faction leader in parliament (due to Yatsenyuk's new position as prime minister in the Yatsenyuk Government). Legislative initiatives Following annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation Sobolev drafted a bill "On the rights and freedoms of citizens in the temporarily occupied territories" that postulated that Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol should be regarded as "temporarily occupied by Russia". The original bill would permit entry and exit from the Crimea only with a special permit and punish "cooperation with the occupying state" with imprisonment. On 15 April 2014 the amended bill passed. Family His father is Vladislav Anatoliyvych (1935–) a worker at Zaporozhye aluminum plant and Head of DST. His mother is Ina Mikolayivna (1935-) a retired pediatrician. His wife Nina (1962-) is a history teacher. They have five children – Julia (1983), Elena (1986) another son and twins.He is fond of football, tennis and skiing and is fluent in English. Recognition In March 2000, he was recognized as a civil servant of the third rank.He was awarded Commander of the Order of merit III degree in August 2005.

16856082159206025497

Q6811866

Melbourne Reds Birth of the Reds After the 1988 Claxton Shield the idea of an Australian Baseball League was floated, with the Waverley Baseball Club being one of the strongest clubs in Victorian Baseball they stepped forward in instigating a team to represent the south-east of Melbourne, and the Waverley Reds were created.In the first Australian Baseball League championship the Reds went through the season winning 34 out of 40 games, with a home record of 17 wins 2 losses, the Reds went into the championship series favourites against cross town rival the Melbourne Monarchs winning 3 out of the 4 game series to become the inaugural Australian Baseball League Champions.The Waverley Baseball Club were the original majority owners and managers of the team, until it was foreseen that ownership of the team was not going to be a profitable exercise and distanced themselves to avoid future debts affecting the future of the baseball club. After Waverley An obliging suitor soon appeared when young American Andy Karetsky arrived with a healthy bankroll of US dollars and a determination to become involved with baseball club ownership in Australia. Karetsky had made his fortune at the New York stock exchange and had first made overtures to buy into the Perth Heat club, before finding that the Waverley Reds were seeking a new majority owner.Andy Karetsky was certainly a "forward thinking" guy who, quite truthfully, may have been a bit ahead of his time in terms of his visions for the Waverley Reds. He had plenty of lofty visions for the club based on his experiences with US baseball, but it is possible that he found these not so easy to "translate" into the Australian market. Certainly, whatever anyone may have thought about Karetsky's style and decision making, everything he did was with the best intentions for the Waverley Reds. He dearly loved "his team" and he was driven to make them succeed on and off the field! He moved the team from Waverley Park to Moorabbin Oval before the 1994/95 Championship. It was towards the end of the "Karetsky era" that he officially changed the name of the team from Waverley Reds to Melbourne Reds before the 1995/96 season, in the hope of broadening the supporter base of the club. However, Karetsky had to sell his ownership of the Reds due to personal reasons a short time later. Decline of the ABL After Karetsky, local baseball junkie and businessman Geoff Pearce purchased the majority ownership of the Reds, leading into the most difficult time of the ABL. Dwindling crowd numbers, severe lack of media attention and the ever-shrinking budget of the club took away a lot of the early excitement and entertainment from the Reds games. However, with all these factors Pearce lead the club to its last hurrah in the 1997/98 Championship, becoming the only team to win the ABL competition 3 times.Late into the 1998–99 Australian Baseball League championship, the Reds were in the process of making a deal with ACES Sporting Club in Keysborough to convert their golf driving range into a light baseball diamond with grandstand to be the home of the Reds, however with the Australian Baseball League collapse after the 1999 Championship this deal never went ahead, however the Sporting Club entered into a sponsorship with the successor Victorian team after the ABL, the Victoria Aces as naming rights sponsors of the team. Uniform Waverley white with red trim top with "Reds" across the front, Red undershirt, white pants with red double strip down the leg, white socks with red t-bars.Melbourne Home – white with red trim top with "Reds" across the front, navy blue undershirt, white pants with red strip down the leg, white socks with red t-bars. Away – same as home but with grey where white is.

389442871519501782

Q1074859

Meg (singer) Career Meg made her singing debut in July 2002 with the song "傘としずく (Kasa To Shizuku)", which she produced herself and arranged by CMJK. The single was an indie single released under Burger Inn Records. She made her transition to a major label, Warner Music Japan, with the single "Scanty Blues", which was composed by Yasuyuki Okamura. During production Meg and Okamura disagreed on the arrangement of the song, which caused him to stop working on it, and Meg recruited techno producer Ubar Tmar to finish the song as she wanted it. The finished "Scanty Blues" took on an acid techno-influenced, house-like sound, while Okamura's own rock arrangement of the song was included as the B-side. Nevertheless, her next single was a cover of Okamura's song "Ikenai Koto Kai". In 2003, Warner Music commissioned Third Ear Recordings to produce a remix album for Meg, "mgrmx", which featured artists such as Theo Parrish and Christ.; this album became Meg's first work to be released outside of Japan as it also received an LP release in Europe.In the summer of 2004, Meg started a new fashion brand called "Cheryl", which followed on from the work she did on her previous brand, "mgcloset". Items by Cheryl were stocked in Klein-Mart Tokyo, a store launched and directed by Meg specifically for the purpose of selling Cheryl designs, but which also stocked homewares, accessories, and vintage and imported fashion. In January 2006, she changed the official capitalization of her stage name from "meg" to "MEG". In the same year, Cheryl was rebranded as "Carolina Glaser by Cheryl", introducing men's designs. She opened another storefront to sell the new brand, the Carolina Glaser Boutique. Her third studio album, Aquaberry, reached number 1 on the pop albums chart on the Japanese upon its release and managed to sell higher than her previous album Dithyrambos. The album did not produce any singles.Meg began working with producer Yasutaka Nakata in 2007 and released her ninth single, "Amai Zeitaku", in May 2007, switching to the electropop genre. She has since worked with other producers, including the new rave English band Hadouken! for her 14th single, "Freak", and the Shanghai Restoration Project for a mini album titled Journey.Meg's 2008 album Step became her best-selling album in her career, peaking at number 8 in the Oricon chart, selling 29,048 units, making it the second technopop album to reach the Oricon Top Ten since Perfume's Game, which debuted at number one.Her sixth studio album, Beautiful, was released on May 27, 2009, and also has reached the Oricon Top Ten. Her seventh full studio album, Maverick, was released on June 23, 2010, once again featuring production and songwriting work by Yasutaka Nakata.In July 2010, Meg wrote in her blog informing fans that she would be leaving Universal Music Japan and travelling to Paris for a break. She would release the single "Passport/Paris" and a compilation album titled Best Flight with her label before going on indefinite hiatus. On a May 2012 interview with Natalie.mu, Meg revealed that some of the reasons of her going on hiatus was the quick production of Yasutaka Nakata on her album Maverick, completing the album for just three weeks, and that she realized that she did not take much time on the lyrical content of the songs and added that the album is leaning towards more "pop" than club music, in which she considered a "fast pace" on the album's production.In 2011, she returned to Warner Music, under the management of the newly launched Unborde Records label. Starting June 20, 2011 Meg began releasing digital singles only available in the French iTunes Store. Her fourth digital single, "Rouge No Dengon", was originally supposed to be released on September 26, 2011, but due to issues getting it onto the iTunes France Store, it was delayed and released on September 27 instead.Two singles, "Kiss or Bite" and "Save", were announced in April 2013 and marked Meg's first dual single release. They were released together in a special package and as separate releases on June 5, 2013. The tracks from the two singles were created with a unified narrative involving a love story with post-apocalyptic and horror themes. The release was also accompanied by a set of seven trading cards and a browser game called "Meg the World." The browser game was designed with a pixel art style evocative of fourth generation video games and featured chiptune versions of songs from the two singles, while dialogue in the game elaborated upon the themes found in the songs' lyrics. These themes would later be used on the following studio album, Continue, which was released on December 4, 2013.Since 2014, she focused on business by her own cosmetic brand "baw", and also the cafe Maison de Ruban, a cafe she opened inspired by her time spent in France. On February 14, 2017, Meg announced through her Instagram account that she was pregnant and gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in late January 2017. The child's father is a British man.In 2018, she started a new skincare brand called "PHY", aimed at creating gender-neutral products. This followed the closure of baw, and the brand is currently celebrating its first anniversary.She is based in London.

16979371943227469115

Q2677834

Chuwit Kamolvisit Early life and education Chuwit is the son of a Hong Kong-born, Chinese father and a Thai mother. He graduated from the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy at Thammasat University, and then earned a Master of Business Administration degree at University of San Diego in San Diego, California, United States. Later, he also earned a Masters of Political Science (Politics and Governments) at Thammasat University. "Sukhumvit Square" incident In January 2003, Chuwit was accused of hiring around 600 men to raze several bars, shops, a laundry and a travel agency on "Sukhumvit Square", a plot of land he owns on Sukhumvit Soi 10. This was an apparent attempt to remove the low-rent tenants so that the land could be developed. The tenants believed they had valid leases from another company and were not notified of the raid, which took place early on a Sunday morning. Chuwit was arrested and spent a month in prison. He denied responsibility and was finally released on bail.The police, whom he says he had bribed an average US$160,000 a month over 10 years, refused to protect him, so he went public, releasing the names of the top officers, the sums they were paid, and their frequent visits to his six massage parlors. He also claimed that "VIP" policemen received free service in his parlours, an allegation that was later confirmed in interviews with some of the masseuses. Following an investigation, several prominent policemen were suspended or demoted. Chuwit also accused his prison wardens of corruption, as they accepted bribes from him.Shortly after his corruption revelations, Chuwit disappeared for two days. He later claimed he was abducted and abused by police; however, others believe he had staged his own disappearance. Chuwit's massage parlours were then raided and some of his bank accounts were frozen. He was also charged with procuring minors for prostitution because three masseuses under the age of 18 were found working in one of his parlours. He was acquitted in June 2004, as the court found the girls had used forged ID cards and Chuwit was not held responsible. During the same month, Chuwit sold three of his parlours, saying that police harassment had made operations difficult for him.In a February 2004 interview, Chuwit claimed that he had paid Thai policemen to clear his Sukhumvit Soi 10 property. When the issue became public, the police allegedly demanded more money, which he refused to pay. They turned against him, and he revealed his bribe payments as a response.In July 2006, after a three-year trial, Chuwit and 130 associates were acquitted of the razing charges; however, a corporate lawyer was sentenced to eight months in prison for paying army engineers to destroy the businesses. Chuwit converted the area on Sukhumvit Soi 10 into a public park named "Chuvit Garden" for about 100 million baht.Chuvit Garden covers a total area of 7 rai or 2.7 acres, it is the last large empty parcel of land in the Sukhumvit area. In 2018, the land alone is estimated to be worth more than US$228 million or 7.2 billion Thai Baht Political career In September 2003, Chuwit formed his own political party, called First Thai Nation. In April 2004 he announced that he was running for governor of Bangkok. He planned to spend about 20 million baht on his campaign, with corruption in the police and government as his main campaign topic. The Bangkok governor elections were held on 29 August 2004. Chuwit placed third, with some 300,000 votes, or about 16 percent of the vote.For the 2005 legislative elections, Chuwit merged his party with the conservative Chart Thai Party. He ran successfully as a party list candidate, becoming a member of parliament.In May 2005 he began hosting a weekly call-in radio show, during which he listened to complaints from the public.In January 2006, however, the Constitutional Court revoked his MP status. A candidate must be a member of a political party for at least 90 days before the general election and the court found that Chuwit had not joined Chart Thai in time.In 2008, he again declared his candidacy for governor of Bangkok. As was the case in 2004, he placed third. He admitted that his campaign may have suffered when he punched a reporter in the face for allegedly describing Chuwit as "unmanly".In May 2011 Chuwit formed a new political party, "Love Thailand" (Rak Prathetthai). In the 2011 Thai general election, the party won four seats in the House of Representatives. He had campaigned as a protest candidate and anti-corruption watchdog.In September 2012, the Bangkok Post published an audio recording of a lecture given by Chuwit at Hatyai University in southern Thailand. Chuwit spoke to the students about how Thai police make money from the sex industry, and the Post noted that the topic is "a subject not normally taught in university courses." Personal life His daughter, Trakarnta Kamolvisit (Thaia), studied at Millfield School, United Kingdom; and graduated with a degree in Economics from University of San Francisco. In 2017, she has enrolled MSc Construction Economics and Management at University College London (UCL)

10353301966712131952

Q2507699

Virginia State Route 49 Route description SR 49 begins at the North Carolina state line in the town of Virgilina in southeastern Halifax County. The state highway is concurrent with SR 96 on Florence Avenue. The two highways continue into North Carolina as NC 49 and NC 96, which then split and head toward Roxboro and Oxford, respectively. The two highways cross over the old railroad grade of the Norfolk, Franklin and Danville Railway then intersect Seventh Street. SR 96 turns west toward US 501, which leads to South Boston and Halifax, the county seat of Halifax County. SR 49 turns east onto Seventh Street, leaving the town and becoming Clarksville Road, which closely parallels the state line for a short distance before veering northeast and entering Mecklenburg County after crossing Aarons Creek, which flows north into the Dan River. The state highway passes through the hamlets of Nelson and Buffalo Junction before reaching US 58.SR 49 joins US 58, a four-lane divided highway, in a concurrency to just west of Clarksville. SR 49 heads northeast along Virginia Avenue, which also carried US 58 prior to the completion of US 58's Clarksville bypass. Virginia Avenue is a four-lane divided highway from US 58 into the town of Clarksville until just after it passes under the Virginia Southern Railroad, where the highway reduces to two lanes and intersects US 15 (College Avenue). SR 49 and US 15 continue east concurrent into downtown Clarksville, where the highway passes through the Clarksville Historic District. After passing through the downtown area, SR 49 and US 15 leave the town of Clarksville by crossing the John H. Kerr Reservoir, an impoundment of the Roanoke River that is also known as Buggs Island Lake, on the Phillip Saint Julian Wilson Bridge and a causeway. The bridge, which contains lights underneath used for nighttime fishing, includes a brief passage through Halifax County due to the thalwegs of the Roanoke and Dan Rivers, which were used to set the county boundaries, converging just south of Clarksville. At the east end of the causeway, access to US 58 is provided at a four-way intersection. Ramps to US 58 west and US 58 east form the southern and eastern legs of the intersection, which mainline US 58 avoids via a pair of flyover ramps just east of its bridge over the reservoir. SR 49 and US 15 turn north, cross over the Virginia Southern rail line, and parallel the eastern shore of the lake until the two highways split at the hamlet of Dortch Store.SR 49 heads northeast, crossing Goodell Creek, Little Bluestone Creek, and Woodpecker Creek and passing through the hamlet of Jones Store before reaching Chase City. Just inside the town limits, SR 49 joins SR 92 in a concurrency on Second Street while crossing Little Bluestone Creek again. In the center of town, the two highways cross over the Virginia Southern rail line and intersect Main Street. SR 92 heads south toward Boydton on Main Street, SR 47 heads east on Second Street toward South Hill, and SR 49 turns north onto Main Street to join SR 47 in a concurrency. At the north end of town, SR 47 splits to the northwest while SR 49 veers northeast, where the highway crosses the Meherrin River on the Tucker Mill Bridge into Lunenburg County. The state highway gains the name Courthouse Road, which it carries as it bridges the Middle Meherrin River and North Meherrin River and passes through the county seat of Lunenburg, where SR 40 (Lunenburg County Road) joins the highway in a concurrency northeast to the town of Victoria. SR 49 and SR 40 enter the town as Court Street, crossing the former right-of-way of the Norfolk, Franklin and Danville Railway before reaching Main Street. SR 40 turns south toward Kenbridge while SR 49 turns north then veers northeast onto Nottoway Boulevard.SR 49 leaves Victoria as The Falls Road, named for the cataract where the state highway crosses the Nottoway River into Nottoway County. The state highway is also named Earle Davis Gregory Highway, named for Earle Davis Gregory, a World War I Medal of Honor recipient. At the river, SR 49 turns north, crossing Whetstone Creek and the Little Nottoway River before reaching the town of Crewe. The state highway crosses over Norfolk Southern Railway's Norfolk District just east of a rail yard. SR 49 turns northwest onto Virginia Avenue, where the highway joins US 460 in a concurrency. The two highways become West Virginia Avenue outside of the downtown area and parallel the rail yard to the west end of town, where SR 49 turns north onto Watsons Wood Road. SR 49 crosses Deep Creek before reaching its northern terminus at US 360 (Patrick Henry Highway) northeast of Burkeville. History Prior to 1940, SR 49 continued west from Virgilina to US 501 and north from Burkeville all the way to Flint Hill. Most of SR 49 north of Burkeville became US 522 in the 1940 renumbering.

5395253857646001159

Q146605

Zandalee Plot Zandalee Martin is a young boutique store owner living in New Orleans who is sexually frustrated and feeling unfulfilled with her marriage to Thierry Martin, and eventually gets tangled in a passionate, sensual and torrid adulterous affair with her husband's mysterious and free spirited old friend Johnny Collins. Zandalee and Thierry's marriage has hit a snag and seems to be eroding due to his lack of passion. Zan needs to explore, while Thierry wants to withdraw, and has become more and more distant and impotent in their relationship. He used to be a poet, but now has taken over the family's communications business after the death of his father. As time goes on, Thierry has to sell the business and become basically a (vice president) figurehead. He is emotionally adrift as his dreams give way to disillusionment.Johnny, an artist painter by trade, has been working for Thierry's business to help support his paintings. His only religion is self-gratification. Johnny also sells and mules cocaine for a local drug dealer as another source of income for himself. Having not seen each other in a while, the two run into each other at a bachelor's party. After the party, Thierry brings Johnny home to meet Zandalee and his grandmother Tatta (Viveca Lindfors). While talking about old times, Johnny offers to paint a portrait of Thierry at their home.Later, in another scene, after finishing the painting, Johnny shows it to Thierry, Zandalee and Tatta. While they go off to other rooms and sensing Zandalee's frustration and vulnerability, Johnny makes a pass at her. Johnny continues to pursue Zandalee and when they run into each other during a rain storm, he takes advantage and moves in by seducing her, first in his loft in an angry passionate scene, (Zan's wedding ring is on the table next to the bed) which is followed by him erotically finger painting her. Their sexual liaisons continue to occur in various places including her laundry room a top a washing machine while Thierry and guests are having dinner. Thierry soon suspects the two are having an affair.As the affair intensifies, Johnny meets Zandalee in a church and asks her to leave her husband. However, Zandalee feels that she must never abandon her true love Thierry, and quickly ends her affair with Johnny after he forces himself on her in the confessional. She and Thierry re-commit themselves to each other, but Johnny, now obsessed with her, will not be brushed off that easily. He tracks them to their vacation spot in the Bayou. All of this puts the three on a destructive collision course with a tragic sequence of events.When Thierry figures out that Johnny has indeed been having an affair with Zandalee, he becomes drunk and confrontational (he pulls a gun out) leading to him becoming reckless when he takes Zan and Johnny for a speedboat ride on the Bayou, which ends when he falls off the boat and drowns, refusing to be saved by either Zan or Johnny who dive into the water to save him. Both Zandalee and Johnny become distraught by Thierry's death and begin to isolate themselves with Zan jogging for long periods and Johnny trying to work on his paintings, but becoming more self-destructive. In one scene, Johnny, in a rage rips up some of his paintings and pours black paint all over himself. He also consumes some of the cocaine he is supposed to sell, which gets him in trouble with his supplier.When Johnny meets with Zandalee with the hopes to restart their romance and have a possible future together now that Thierry is out of the picture, she remains emotionally distant and instead goes for a walk along the Old Quarter with Johnny following her. But in the final scene, when Johnny's drug supplier attempts to kill him in a drive-by shooting outside the church that Zandalee frequents, she sees what is about to happen and shields Johnny, getting fatally shot in the process. The drug dealer flees from the scene of the crime (saying "you've got to make accounts payable man"), leaving behind Johnny, now alone, as he cradles and holds Zandalee's dead body. The movie ends with him walking in front of the church with the lifeless Zandalee in his arms. Critical reception The film received generally negative reviews. It currently holds a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 6 reviews, with a weighted average of 3.96/10. Nathan Rabin called it a perfect vehicle for Nicolas Cage and dug it up as a lost gem for his My Year of Flops column in The AV Club. According to Rabin: "I'm going to argue that it's a Secret Success, especially for Cage buffs. It's right up there with Wicker Man on the Nicolas Cage guilty pleasureometer, a lost camp gem filled with inadvertent hilarity and populated by heavyweight actors who would go on to do great things, including Steve Buscemi as a zany, horny, oddly philosophical thief who pops up at random intervals." In popular culture The film was mentioned in an episode of Clerks: The Animated Series by Randal Graves as an attempted bribery of being Dante Hicks' lawyer by telling the "honorable" Judge Reinhold that he [Randal] has seen all of his movies including Zandalee and Vice Versa.

15055427129919414875

Q933480

Luhačovice History Luhačovice is first mentioned in a historical document of 1412. It is, however, supposed to have been founded before the year 1287. At the end of the 16th century Luhačovice became the chief townlet of a manor including 12 villages. From 1629 until the establishment of the communist regime in 1948 the manor and the country estate belonged to the Serényi family. However, in 2016 the property was restituted to Isabella baroness Thienen-Adlerflycht, née countess Serény.The Serényi family were the first to make use of the mineral springs in the area and who built the spa. Local names give evidence that the springs were known and used here ever since the area had begun to be settled; they are first mentioned in the 1669 book Tartaro Mastix Moraviae by Johann Ferdinand Hertodt von Totenfeld. A new stage of development of both the spa and the town appeared at the beginning of the 20th century when a Czech doctor, František Veselý, M.D., came to Luhačovice. He decided to get financial means to change Luhačovice into a modern Czech spa by establishing a joint-stock company, which took over the spa from the control of the Serenyis in 1902. They, however, kept on taking a significant part in it financially. The remote and not easily accessible position of the spa was overcome when a local railway line was built here in the year 1904, even before the number of visitors increased due to the construction of the Vlárská Railway Line (1888) and more distant Northern Railway Line (1841). The first stage of important building development of the spa area was connected with the name of the architect Dušan Jurkovič, the author of the fundamental reconstruction of the Janův House, the hydropathic establishment and other places.After the setting-up of the independent Czechoslovak Republic, mainly in the 20s and 30s, the importance of the Luhačovice spa increased along with the increasing number of inhabitants, which was also formally expressed by giving to Luhačovice the statute of the municipality in the year 1936. Further buildings of architectural importance appeared: the building of the present Municipal National Committee, the Palace-Sanatorium, the Alexandria Hotel, the "Fučik" and "Morava" hydropathics, and in 1935, the Social Club. After the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia by Nazi Germany, the spa was closed to the Czech public almost completely and was taken possession of by the Nazi organizations. After the liberation of the town in May, 1945, another chapter in the history of the spa began.Between 1945-1947 a new complex of spa buildings was built: the Main and Small Colonnades, the Hall of Vincentka, and the health centre. Social changes after February 1948 influenced both the life of the people in Luhačovice and the spa organization as a whole. Agriculture was collectivized, the woods were nationalized, and the state became the only owner of the natural cure sources and all balneological, accommodation and catering capacities in the spa towns. Some buildings were used to solve the housing problem, and others were divided between the Central Trade Union Council and the Ministry of Health. In 1957 Luhačovice and other spas were given the spa statute, and the spa care was unified in the Ministry of Health. Both the spa care and environment are always in the course of improvement. Water Luhačovice mineral water is a heavily mineralized (9854 milligrams of minerals / liter, osmotic pressure 634.7 kPa), naturally effervescent residual seawater, indicated for diseases of vocal cords and breathing pathways, metabolic diseases, stomach and duodenal ulcers, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, and excessive consumption of alcohol. The water is bottled under the brand name Vincentka.There are three wells of Vincentka in Luhačovice. The original one is available to the public in Hall of Vincentka, it is however too low-yield (10 - 12 liters per minute) to be used for bottling. The second well, Nová Vincentka, was made in 1988. It is 35 meters deep, has a yield of 30 litres per minute and has been used for bottling since 1991. The third well, Vincentka 2, with a yield of 40 liters per minute, is a reserve well for spa medicinal use.

11146761394982858398

Q5627458

Għonnella The għonnella, pronounced "awe-nel-la" (pl. għenienel, pronounced "ee-nee-nal"), sometimes referred to as a Faldetta, was a form of women's head dress and shawl, or hooded cloak, unique to the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo. It originated, and has some similarities, to the Turkish charshaf, but distinguishly had a piece of cardboard sewn inside (hooded), at the top part above the head. There was a different blue version in the south-east of Malta, and it was referred to as xurqana. Another in the village of Għargħur was referred to as stamijna. It was generally made of cotton or silk, and usually black or some other dark colour, although from the sixteenth century onwards, noble women and women from wealthier households frequently wore white or brightly coloured għenienel. The għonnella covered the head, and framed but did not cover the face. The upper part of the għonnella was starched quite stiffly, and given a broad, rounded frame, formed by means of a board, cane, or whalebone. This gave the għonnella a mysterious but alluring, sail-like appearance. From a practical perspective, this broad bonnet captured much needed cooling breezes during the hot Maltese summer. On cooler days, the wearer could wrap the għonnella around her face more tightly, by making a slight adjustment. The lower part of the għonnella could be worn loosely draped around the wearer's bodice and hips, or more tightly wrapped in the case of inclement weather. It would typically fall to mid-calf length. While walking, the wearer would hold one or both sides of the għonnella clasped in her right hand. Origins The origins of the għonnella are unknown. It has been described as a "western garment, worn in an eastern fashion." Maltese historians Ciantar and Abela were of the view that the għonnella had evolved from traditional Sicilian dress:"One cannot deny that the frequent interchange made between the Maltese and Sicilians influenced local customs. Sicilian influence may be discovered both in the eating habits of the Maltese as well as in the costumes worn in Malta. The garb worn by the Maltese women is a case in point. The women of Malta wear a long black mantel that flows down from the head to the heels. Unlike in Sicily, the net (strascino) is not worn. Our women of the lower classes wear a mantel made of black wool. Noble women, the wives of the Professors of Law and Medicine and rich citizens wear mantels made of silk...."According to local legend, the għonnella was first introduced to Malta in 1224 C.E. as a sign of mourning by the women of Celano in the Abruzzi region of Italy, who were said to have been expelled - first to Sicily, and then to Malta - by Enrico de Morra, acting on the orders of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, following the massacre of their husbands. There is some historical evidence of this event recorded in the chronicles of Riccardo di San Germano:"Henricus de Morra iussu imperiali Celanenses reuocat ubique dispersos, ut ad propria redeant, et redeuntes capit et in Siciliam mittit, quos apud Maltam dirigit Imperator."An alternate legend, which plays on the similarity between the Faldetta and a traditional nun's habit, suggests that the women of Malta adopted this costume in 1798, to ward off the unwanted advances of Napoleon Bonaparte's troops. However, this theory was dismissed as a fairy tale in a National Geographic essay about Malta (1935).According to yet another legend, the għonnella developed due to the strict Canonical requirement (pre-Vatican Council II) that women veil their head before entering a Catholic church. It is said that poorer country girls, who could not afford a cloak or shawl, met the veiling requirement by placing a spare skirt over their head, which gradually evolved into the għonnella. Others speculate that it is a vernacular modification of the eastern veil; it could also be a local variation of the Spanish mantilla. Ghonnella from Italian Gonnella, diminutive for Gonna = Skirt.There are references to the għonnella in the early records of the Knights of St. John (Order of Malta), and in eighteenth century travel books. Louis De Boiseglin, historian of the Knights of Malta wrote as follows:"The Maltese women are little, and have beautiful hands and feet. They have fine black eyes, though they sometimes appear to squint, owing to their always looking out of the same eye; half of the face being covered with a sort of veil made of silk called Faldetta, which they twist about very gracefully, and arrange with much elegance. The women even of the highest rank, unlike their husbands, constantly preserve their costume; and any one who should adopt the French fashion would make herself very ridiculous. They are extremely fond of gold and silver ornaments, and it is not uncommon to see even the peasants loaded with trinkets of those metals."Victorian illustrator and traveller, William Henry Bartlett, was clearly intrigued by the Faldetta, describing it as follows in 1851:"Next, tripping lightly down the steps behind, is a Maltese lady, enveloped in her elegant black silk mantilla, a costume of which it may be said that it renders even the ugly attractive, while the pretty become positively irresistible: so grave, and yet so piquante, so nun-like, and yet so coquettish, are its rustling folds, tastefully drawn round the head, so as to throw additional expression into a deep dark eye, and to relieve a white-gloved hand, and taper Andalusian foot." Disappearance of the Għonnella For centuries, the għonnella was ubiquitous throughout Malta, worn by virtually all adult Maltese women. It was so popular that there were many seamstresses whose sole job was to design, cut and sew għenienel. However, it rapidly fell into disuse in the 1940s and 1950s, following World War II. By the 1970s, it was rarely seen, except among the older members of the Maltese lay missionary movement, the Societas Doctrinæ Christianæ (M.U.S.E.U.M.). By the end of the 20th century, it had disappeared altogether.The hooded garment took a lot of space, and for this reason it became impractical to wear on Maltese public buses.

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Q6394461

Kerry Berry Brogan Early life and education Born to Irish-American parents from The Bronx, New York, Kerry Berry Brogan grew up in Newton, Massachusetts. She got her first acting role at the age of 11, when she was cast as Alice in a local theatre production of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Bitten early by the acting bug, she appeared in a number of local productions in her junior high and high school years.When she was 16, Brogan spent several months in Beijing studying Mandarin and living with a local Chinese family as part of the Newton-Beijing Jingshan School Exchange Program. She continued her study of Chinese language and culture as an undergraduate at Bard College in Annandale, New York, where she majored in Asian Studies and appeared in operatic productions such as Pelléas et Mélisande and L'Orfeo. In her second year of college, Brogan spent a semester pursuing advanced performance studies in the Acting Department of Beijing's prestigious Central Academy of Drama. After graduating from Bard College, Brogan returned to China to pursue her acting career full-time. Fluent in Mandarin, Brogan has also studied French and German. Acting career Brogan has starred in over 50 films and television series, portraying a diverse range of fictional and real-life characters. Brogan has maintained a steady filming schedule, shooting on location in China and overseas, and often appearing in as many as 10 films and television programs per year.Memorable film roles include Tricia Nixon in The Master Plan (2011), a film about Nixon's historic visit to China; American martial arts student Lucy in Shaolin Kongfu (2010); the mermaid Dada in Empires of the Deep (2010); Mary in the Chinese western/action film Unusual Love (2009); Hannah, the troubled, drug-addicted daughter of an American businessman in the dark comedy Gasp (2009 film), and journalist Helen Foster Snow in Heart to Heart, a 2008 feature film produced by August 1 Studios.Notable television roles include Sister Eileen, a French nurse caught up in the Chinese Civil War in The Good Hero (2011); Helen, the wife of an American pilot in the Flying-Tigers-themed series The Great Rescue (2010); secret agent Laney Pierce in Wilting of a Wildflower (2007); Russian Princess Sophia in the Huayi Brothers-produced Qing Dynasty comedy Royal Tramp (2006-7); and Emma, an American orphan raised by a Chinese family in Storm on the River Song (2007). Honors and awards Brogan has been involved with a number of organizations dedicated to cross-cultural understanding, and has been recognized for her contributions to promoting East-West friendship. A 2008 front-page, feature article in the Boston Globe praised Brogan for her role as a "Sino-American cultural ambassador." In June 2009, Brogan was awarded the Goddess Artemis Award from the Greek Ministry of Culture and the Euro-American Women's Council (EAWC) for her contributions to international exchange and promoting the role of women in the international market. In October 2009, Brogan became the youngest recipient of the Sino-American Friendship Award, given by the U.S.-China Foundation (USCF).Brogan also holds a number of honorary ambassador titles. In 2010, she was appointed Film Ambassador by Film Auckland, an industry-led organization that markets Auckland as a film production and post-production locale and provides on-the-ground services for international film and television producers. In 2011, the Flying Tigers Historical Organization (FTHO) named Brogan as their Goodwill Ambassador for her assistance in supporting and promoting the Flying Tigers Heritage Park and Museum in Guilin, China. As "International Green Ambassador" for the 2011 International Horticultural Exposition in Xi'an, China, Brogan promoted eco-awareness among college students through a university-outreach program sponsored by the Expo, and helped to launch an environmentally-themed drawing contest for Chinese and international schoolchildren. Spokesperson and endorsement work Since 2009, Brogan has been an image spokesperson for Aoting, a Beijing-based company active in promoting women's health, beauty and lifestyle products and programs. Announcing the choice of Brogan as their celebrity spokesperson, the Chairwoman of Aoting, Yu Xiaoyan, said: "As a leading figure in the global entertainment community, Kerry is the ideal person to represent Aoting's high international standards, improve our brand recognition and raise our profile worldwide." Brogan is also a cultural ambassador for Ruyi Arts Pavilion, a Guangxi-based company that produces hand-carved wooden sculptures and bloodstone statuary based on historical Buddhist figures and themes in classical Chinese literature.In addition to her work as a spokesperson, Brogan is also a frequent host and emcee for bilingual events, concerts and product launches for Fortune 500 companies including Hewlett Packard, Volkswagen and Volvo. Film production and co-production In 2012, Brogan established Lotus Ray Media to facilitate film and television co-productions between China, New Zealand and the United States.

10465651134924578464

Q7934533

Virginia State Navy American Revolutionary War Virginia, along with the other Thirteen Colonies, was increasingly dissatisfied with the actions of Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of the colony. After the Gunpowder Incident in April 1775 and the news of the war's outbreak with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Dunmore, fearing for his safety, fled with his family to a Royal Navy ship. There Dunmore tried to organize Loyalists in the colony to counter the rebellion. In December 1775, the provisional assembly voted to authorize the Committee of Safety to buy, arm, and man ships to prevent the royal governor from travelling over the waterways. During the next six months, the committee purchased five ships, and ordered the construction of several more. It also commissioned its first captains: James Barron, Richard Barron, Richard Taylor, Thomas Lilly, and Edward Travis. In May 1776, the assembly established a Navy Board to oversee naval affairs, and established an admiralty court. Its ships were built across the state, but eventually this became the responsibility of the shipyard on the Chickahominy River and at Gosport. In 1779 the Navy Board was superseded by a Board of War, with merchant vessels regulated by a Board of Trade. This lasted only one year, however, and Virginia established a Commissioner of War, a Commercial Agent, and a Commissioner of the Navy to coordinate her military and trade activities.The fleet's first commodore was John Henry Boucher, who was hired from the Maryland State Navy. His service was brief, and he was followed by Walter Brooke, and finally James Barron, who led the fleet until the end of the war. Virginia had difficulty recruiting enough men for her navy, due to the higher pay on privateers and also shortage of skilled seamen. (Virginia did not authorize privateering, instead issuing letters of marque covered by the Second Continental Congress.) Operations The Virginia fleet primarily patrolled the Chesapeake Bay, and was perpetually undermanned and poorly armed. Some of the ships were used in commerce, sent on voyages to the West Indies and even Europe. Between 1775 and 1779 the fleet captured 15 prizes, but also lost several ships the same way. The British raided the shipyard at Gosport in 1779, destroying stores and several unfinished vessels.The arrival of British forces in South Carolina in 1780, and increased raiding activities by the British in Chesapeake Bay created increased demand for naval defense, and Virginia had to resort to the impressment of seamen. After a British fleet landed troops led by turncoat Benedict Arnold in December 1780, Virginia in desperation hired privateers to assist the Navy. Even so, Arnold advanced up the James River as far as Richmond. A fleet of over twenty small Virginia ships and privateers pursued him, and in a one-sided engagement in April 1781 (the Action at Osborne's), the British captured twelve and the rest were either scuttled or burned.The disaster on the James left the Virginia Navy with a single ship, the Liberty. She supported operations that resulted in the Siege of Yorktown later in 1781, as did three additional ships hired by the state. When Cornwallis was forced to surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, citing financial reasons, discharged most of its seaman. A few ships were fitted out in 1782 and 1783, but with the conclusion of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, all but two were sold. The Liberty and the Patriot were retained as revenue cutters into the late 1780s. The Liberty was one of the longest-serving ships of the Patriot cause in the war. American Civil War The Provisional Navy of Virginia was established by an ordinance of the Convention of Virginia on April 27, 1861, when Virginia seceded from the Union. The ordinance called for the enlistment of two thousand seamen and marines to serve terms of three and four years respectively. As a result of a shortage of warships, most of these seamen were employed in the construction and manning of harbor and coastal defense batteries. When Virginia joined the Confederate States of America, Governor John Letcher issued a proclamation on 6 June 1861, transferring "all officers, seamen, and marines of the Provisional Navy of Virginia" and they were absorbed into the Confederate States Navy. One of the Virginia's first actions following secession was to appoint Robert E. Lee as commander in chief of the military and naval forces of Virginia.The only flag officer of the second Virginia Navy was Commodore French Forrest, a former officer of the United States Navy. Its headquarters were the naval base at Norfolk, Virginia, which had been abandoned by Union forces on April 20, 1861.

1039860281772260404

Q23884270

Imtiyaz Jaleel Early life Jaleel was born and raised in Aurangabad to Syed Abdul Jaleel and Zakiya Jaleel. His father was a civil surgeon and his brother is a Jet Airways manager. Jaleel married Roomi Fatema on 8 July 1993, with whom he has two sons.Jaleel completed both his Master of Business Administration (1996) and Master of Mass Communication and Journalism (2000) from Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.Jaleel has 23 years of experience in journalism ‒ 11 years with Lokmat and near 12 years with NDTV. He entered politics in 2014. In 2014, he entered in the field of politics and became MLA in just 23 days. After getting the candidature of Lok Sabha. he made an accurate planning for the elections and gained the post of MP in just 28 days. Political career The Aurangabad central assembly constituency was the stronghold of Shiv Sena. There was no alliance between Sena and BJP and hence he was confident to get benefit of the Muslim votes here. The Muslim activists supported him in the elections and worked wholeheartedly. The differences between the Sena and BJP candidates benefited Jaleel and he became MLA in 2014.On 23 April 2015, MIM registered an impressive performance under the leadership of Imtiyaz Jaleel, winning 25 seats in the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation elections in its maiden outing there. During DPDC meeting which was held on 29 January 2015, Imtiyaz Jaleel raised the issue of costly MRI charges at the government-run hospital in Aurangabad. Then District Guardian Minister Ramdas Kadam directed GMCH authorities to reduce the charges of MRI scan from Rs 1,800 to Rs 700.On 14 Oct 2017, Imtiyaz Jaleel had filed a public interest litigation (PIL) before the Aurangabad bench of Bombay high court, seeking direction to the state government to allot seven acres of land to build a 200-bed hospital for women and children there. The court had directed the state and district administration to file a reply within six months.On 26 March 2019, MIM decided to contest Aurangabad Lok Sabha seat in Maharashtra in alliance with the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi led by Prakash Ambedkar. MIM President Asaduddin Owaisi has picked Imtiyaz Jaleel, as the party candidate.The election commission of India (EC) declared the schedule for the Lok Sabha elections 2019. MIM decided to support the Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi formed by Prakash Ambedkar. MLA Jaleel decided to contest the election. The MIM president Owaisi was reluctant with his decision but the MIM corporators and leaders succeeded in convincing him. Jaleel made a meticulous planning in just 28 days. In a closely fought battle, the AIMIM candidate, Syed Imtiyaz Jaleel, won the Aurangabad Lok Sabha (LS) constituency seat by defeating four-time MP Chandrakant Khaire by 4,492 votes. In the final round Jaleel secured 3,89,042 votes while his nearest rival and NDA candidate Khaire 3,84,550 votes. Congress candidate Subhash Zambad got 91,789 votes and Independent Harshvardhan Jadhav polled 2,83,798 votes. Awards and Recognition Imtiyaz Jaleel, was selected by the British High Commission for a study tour to London for young political leaders. The commission has selected 12 young political leaders from different parties from across the country for the week long programme aimed at future political leaders. Interestingly, Imtiyaz Jaleel was the only politician from Maharashtra to be selected for the tour. On 8 September 2016, city based NGO Nayodya Dnyan prasarak Mandal had honoured Imtiyaz Jaleel with "Best MLA" Aurangabad ever had at a function attended by Dalit and Muslim activists in a large number. Controversy On 12 February 2017, Imtiyaz Jaleel called for an investigation into the Pune police's denial of AIMIM leader Asaduddin Owaisi permission to hold a rally in Pune. When Taslima Nasreen had flown in Aurangabad on 31 July 2017 to visit Ajanta and Ellora caves. The Muslims in Aurangabad felt offensive and led by MLA Imtiyaz Jaleel, a group of Muslims protested outside the Aurangabad airport. After the backlash from protesters, Aurangabad police itself stopped the controversial author from stepping out of the airport and advised her to go back.In June 2019, Jaleel accused Aurangabad Mayor Nandkumar Ghodele of spending Rs 19.93 lakh on photographs and videos between 29 October 2017 and 31 December 2018, a time when the civic body did not have enough money to pay salary to its employees and contractors.

6728275606066922773

Q288838

ACT New Zealand Formation The name comes from the initials of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, founded in 1993 by Roger Douglas and Derek Quigley. From this, they formed ACT New Zealand in the following year as a political party. 1996 election In the 1996 election, ACT fielded 56 list candidates. Richard Prebble won the Wellington Central electorate and with 6.10% of the vote, the party was eligible for seven list MPs. 1999 election In the 1999 election, ACT obtained 7.04% of the party vote, making it eligible for nine list MPs. 2002 election In the 2002 election, ACT obtained 7.14% of the party vote, making it eligible for nine list MPs. 2005 election In the 2005 election, ACT obtained 1.51% of the party vote, and hence had 1 list MP and 1 electorate MP. 2008 election In the 2008 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 61 list candidates, starting with Rodney Hide, Heather Roy, Sir Roger Douglas, John Boscawen, David Garrett and Hilary Calvert. The election marked an improvement in ACT's fortunes. Hide retained his Epsom seat and ACT's share of the party vote increased to 3.65% (up from the 1.5% gained in the 2005 election). The combination allowed the party five MPs in total.In addition, the National Party won the most seats overall, forming a minority government, the Fifth National Government of New Zealand, with the support of ACT as well as the Māori Party and United Future. John Key offered both Hide and Roy posts as Ministers outside Cabinet: Hide became Minister of Local Government, Minister for Regulatory Reform and Associate Minister of Commerce, while Roy became Minister of Consumer Affairs, Associate Minister of Defence and Associate Minister of Education. 2008–2011 However, after 2008, some caucus MPs and organisational members became dissatisfied with ACT's coalition partner status and argued at ACT's national conference (27 February 2010) that there were insufficient fiscal responsibility policy gains for their party and that the National Party had resiled from its earlier commitment to the politics of fiscal responsibility over the course of the previous decade. Throughout 2009, there had been at least one reported ACT caucus coup attempt against Hide's leadership, believed to have been led by Deputy Leader Heather Roy and Roger Douglas. However, it faltered when Prime Minister Key supported Hide's retention and threatened a snap election. In addition, the party's polling of a lowly one to two percent in most opinion polls meant only Heather Roy might accompany Hide after any forthcoming general election, if Hide retained ACT's Epsom pivotal electorate seat.On 28 April 2011, Hide announced that he was resigning the ACT leadership in favour of former National Party leader and Reserve Bank Governor Don Brash who joined the party that morning. Brash's leadership was unanimously approved by the party board and parliamentary caucus on 30 April. Brash promised to focus the party on controlling government debt, equality between Māori and non-Māori, and rethinking the Emissions Trading Scheme, with a target of getting 15 percent of the party vote in the next election.In November 2011, a recording of a conversation held between John Key and the former National Party member and former Mayor of Auckland City John Banks, who had been selected as the new ACT candidate in Epsom, was leaked to Herald on Sunday. 3 News also obtained copies of the recording suggesting the two politicians were discussing issues related to ACT New Zealand's leadership. 2011 election In the 2011 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 55 list candidates, starting with new leader Don Brash, Catherine Isaac, Don Nicolson, John Banks, David Seymour and Chris Simmons. The election was a disappointment for ACT, with the party's worst election result since it began in 1996. John Banks retained the Epsom seat for ACT, however the 34.2% majority held by Rodney Hide was severely cut back to 6.3% as large numbers of Labour and Green voters in Epsom tactically split their vote and gave their electorate vote to the National candidate Paul Goldsmith. Nationwide, ACT received only 1.07% of the party vote, placing eighth out of 13 on party vote percentage. As a result, ACT were only entitled to one seat in the new Parliament, filled by John Banks. Subsequently, Don Brash announced that he had stepped down as leader during his speech on election night. Following the 2011 general election John Banks stated that he believed that the ACT brand "...just about had its use-by date..." and needed to be renamed and relaunched.Their previous partners, the New Zealand National Party, again won the most seats overall, and formed a minority government. The Fifth National Government of New Zealand had ACT support as well as that of United Future and the Māori Party, providing the coalition with confidence and supply. 2014 election At the ACT Board meeting of 2 February 2014, Jamie Whyte became the party's leader-elect, and David Seymour was made the ACT candidate for Epsom. Kenneth Wang was appointed deputy leader on 15 April 2014. In the September 2014 New Zealand general election, Seymour won his seat, and ACT moved from seventh to sixth place, despite a decline in their share of the popular vote. Seymour took over as party leader on 3 October 2014. 2017 election Wang resigned as deputy leader on 9 July 2017, the same day ACT released its party list; Beth Houlbrooke was announced as his replacement.The Party List had 39 candidates, none of whom were elected. Party leader David Seymour was re-elected in the Epsom electorate, giving the party its only seat.

7324181025268061027

Q2273280

Battle of Immae Background and Prelude to War During the Crisis of the Third Century, Rome had lost its ability to defend its eastern provinces from Sassanid invasion. Septimius Odaenathus, a chieftain out of Palmyra, improvised an army that proved highly successful in repelling the Sassanid onslaught. He was so successful that Gallienus made him a king and protector of the eastern empire. After his death his wife Queen Zenobia assumed direct control (through her son) of the eastern Roman Empire provinces that were under Palmyrian protection. Through shrewd diplomacy she managed to expand her holdings into Egypt and convinced much of Asia Minor to call Palmyra its capital, effectively carving out a Palmyrene Empire. Publicly she maintained the facade of a partnership with Rome by at all times placing her son in the subordinate position to Aurelian in all official documents, letterhead, and coins that were minted.In Aurelian's eyes her entrance into Egypt, still considered a strictly personal province of the Emperor, was nothing short of a declaration of war. Despite this Aurelian had been unable to challenge her actions directly due to the constant invasion by Germanic tribes. Finally after devastating victories over the Alamanni, fortifying the region with city walls, and abandoning Dacia he felt Rome was safe enough to begin a campaign into the east. Roman Preparations Realising his army was far too cumbersome to invade Egypt effectively, Aurelian sent one of his generals with a fleet to attempt to drive out the Palmyrene garrison stationed there. Meanwhile, once Emperor Aurelian restored his army to its full strength he began to march towards the city of Antioch. Palmyrene Preparations Realising that the charade was over Queen Zenobia dropped all pretenses and had her son declared Augustus and mobilised an army to meet Aurelian in the field under the command of her capable general Zabdas. The battle Both armies took the field "near" Antioch at Immae (close by Reyhanli, Turkey) in traditional battle formations with infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. Zabdas had two big advantages at his disposal: first was the superiority of his cataphracts, and the second was the extreme heat the Romans were not adapted to. Aurelian understood the situation as well, and planned to use a tactic implemented by Claudius Gothicus against the Goths, turning both disadvantages into decisive advantages.After some skirmishes Zabdas wanted to seize the initiative and called for a cavalry charge which forced Aurelian to counter with his own cavalry charge. When the two forces were close to engaging the Roman light cavalry suddenly broke ranks, routed, and left the battlefield. Zabdas, smelling blood and certain victory, ordered his much heavier cataphracts to give chase. After a while the lengthy chase and hot sun started to wear more on the heavily armored Palmyrene horses and men but their seemingly unshakable confidence in the superiority of their cavalry spurred them to ride on. At a predetermined point the Romans wheeled around and suddenly attacked the exhausted and surprised cavalry. The trap was devastating, and very few of the Palmyrene cavalry made it back alive.After hearing of the destruction of his cavalry Zabdas realized the day was lost. His infantry was no match for the battle hardened legionaries and immediately ordered a full retreat to Antioch. Understanding the inevitability of Antioch's fall, Queen Zenobia and Zabdas resupplied their forces and moved them under the cover of darkness out of Antioch to Emesa. The aftermath In the morning the senior officials of Antioch found they had been abandoned and Aurelian's reputation for savage retribution began to fill them with paralysing fear. Having no choice they opened their gates to Aurelian and prepared for the worse. In a surprise move Aurelian did not kill the senior leadership or even allow his troops to sack the city but instead granted a general amnesty. This show of mercy had a rippling effect throughout the east as city after city, no longer fearing retribution, accepted their peaceful reincorporation into the fold of the Roman Empire.

4356243347124940089

Q112765

Symphony No. 15 (Shostakovich) Analysis Shostakovich originally subtitled the first movement "The Toyshop", referring to a superficial sense of childlike innocence and naiveté which is soon corrupted. It opens with two chimes on the glockenspiel and a lengthy passage for the solo flute, growing out of a quirky five-note motif which flits between A♭ major and A minor (connected by a C♮), accompanied by slow-changing but lively chords for pizzicato strings. A♭ being As in German notation, these five notes, E♭-A♭-C-B-A, spell out the name "SASCHA", the name of his grandson who was nine years old at the time (compare this to the "Elmira" theme in Symphony No. 10). Whooping off-beat horn chords, use of the clarinet's altissimo register, regular glockenspiel interjections, lusty trumpet fanfares, drum rolls, and solo passages for bassoon and xylophone make up the brightly coloured, infantile sound world of this movement; yet the bizarre harmonic ambiguity and unpredictable employment of variable tempi shatter any sense of real innocence. Though Shostakovich often quotes rhythms from Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture, in this movement he quotes the tune as well (see the Quotations section below). Two particularly striking passages make use of the device of prolation canon, first in the strings and later in the woodwind. Both these passages create complex textures: at rehearsal figure 29, he makes use of an 8:6:5 polyrhythm. All these features contribute powerfully to the strange and enigmatic atmosphere of the movement.The second movement (opening in the far-removed key of F minor) opens with an eerie chorale for the brass alone. Chromatic thirds move simultaneously in three octaves in the trumpets, tenor trombones and bass trombone and tuba, against a pedal C in the horns. A sense of pathos is achieved by the despairing rises and falls in the dynamics, and the solo cello plays a languorous and meandering lament, exploiting an enormous tessitura from the lowest open string to the thirteenth position. Low register flutes play a simple motif (in sixths, accompanied by cello trills) which is eventually taken over and expanded upon by the solo trombone. A side-drum roll brings the entire brass section to a fortissimo statement of the initial flute theme, and a crashing chorale for brass (without trumpets), timpani, bassoons and double basses sounds against an impassioned chromatic melody for strings and high woodwind, derived from material used in the first movement, to create a colossal, distorted, organ-like effect. After a selection of quieter instrumental groupings and a recapitulation of the trombone melody (this time accompanied by pulsating timpani semiquavers), an adagio celesta solo is ingeniously imitated by the combination of cello string harmonics and vibraphone, eventually used to accompany a solo double bass, before a final reference to the opening brass chorale.The third movement begins with parallel fifths in the bassoons that eventually settle on a G and D double pedal, against which the woodwind section is showcased through an agitated clarinet melody built on the diminished chord, chromatic flourishes for flutes and piccolo, low clarinet murmurings, and two oboes in canon in sevenths. This is imitated by the string section (up-bows are specified for the solo violin to re-create the sound of the staccato clarinet tonguing). A trombone glissando across a minor third and a clattering interjection from the timpani contribute to the humorous character (although the movement is not termed a scherzo by the composer), and the movement ends with a cold percussive ticking that foreshadows the close of the finale, as well as a rising fourth in the piccolo, xylophone and pizzicato second violins that ends the movement firmly in G minor.The final movement is notable for many things, among them its eerie coda on a sustained pedal point in the strings supporting an astonishing percussion toccata featuring castanets, snare drum, wood block, xylophone, and triangle. This recalls the final moments of the scherzo from the Fourth Symphony, as well as those of a much later and similarly morbid work, the Second Cello Concerto. The long-held note is similar to the ending of the Fourth, which ends on a long (app. 2 minutes) C minor chord. Through this fascinating melee the timpani plays the movement's main passacaglia idea, which may stem from the "invasion" theme from the Seventh Symphony. Finally the glockenspiel and celesta strike a single, sustained, C♯ to close on an A major chord, thus ending the symphony in the major variant of the opening chord ("Picardy third") and with a very similar orchestration (hinting to the possibility of a new beginning?).It is worth noting that Shostakovich, as he often does in his late scores, includes certain aspects of twelve-tone writing in the music. He is not interested in the structural implications of the technique; he just constructs some melodies in this style. Use of quotations Ever the humourist, Shostakovich delighted in placing allusions to the works of himself and other composers in his work, and his Fifteenth symphony is particularly rich in quotations. In addition to the cryptic references to his own music, it includes an outburst of Rossini's William Tell Overture in the first movement (rehearsal figure 12); allusions to Mikhail Glinka, Sergueï Rachmaninov and Gustav Mahler; and the use of Richard Wagner's Fate leitmotif from the Ring Cycle.Most skilful is his manipulation of the longing leitmotif from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the end of the fourth movement. Beginning at rehearsal figure 113 in the first violin part, Wagner's famous motif of a rising minor sixth followed by a two-note chromatic descent grows organically out of Shostakovich's own theme: a quirky and grotesque reference to the composer's own sense of suffering at his late stage of life, stated towards the close of this semi-autobiographical work.The composer said in conversation with his friend, Isaak Glikman: "I don't myself quite know why the quotations are there, but I could not, could not, not include them". Influence According to filmmaker David Lynch, the symphony was a major influence on his film Blue Velvet (1986): "I wrote the script to Shostakovich: No. 15 in A major. I just kept playing the same part of it, over and over again".

1275440314239019185

Q25345162

KHOPCA clustering algorithm KHOPCA is an adaptive clustering algorithm originally developed for dynamic networks. KHOPCA (-hop clustering algorithm) provides a fully distributed and localized approach to group elements such as nodes in a network according to their distance from each other. KHOPCA operates proactively through a simple set of rules that defines clusters, which are optimal with respect to the applied distance function.KHOPCA's clustering process explicitly supports joining and leaving of nodes, which makes KHOPCA suitable for highly dynamic networks. However, it has been demonstrated that KHOPCA also performs in static networks.Besides applications in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks, KHOPCA can be used in localization and navigation problems, networked swarming, and real-time data clustering and analysis. Algorithm description KHOPCA (-hop clustering algorithm) operates proactively through a simple set of rules that defines clusters with variable -hops. A set of local rules describes the state transition between nodes. A node's weight is determined only depending on the current state of its neighbors in communication range. Each node of the network is continuously involved in this process. As result, -hop clusters are formed and maintained in static as well as dynamic networks.KHOPCA does not require any predetermined initial configuration. Therefore, a node can potentially choose any weight (between and ). However, the choice of the initial configuration does influence the convergence time. Rule 1 The first rule has the function of constructing an order within the cluster. This happens through a node detects the direct neighbor with the highest weight , which is higher than the node's own weight . If such a direct neighbor is detected, the node changes its own weight to be the weight of the highest weight within the neighborhood subtracted by 1. Applied iteratively, this process creates a top-to-down hierarchical cluster structure.1 if max(W(N(n))) > w_n2 w_n = max(W(N(n))) - 1 Rule 2 The second rule deals with the situation where nodes in a neighborhood are on the minimum weight level. This situation can happen if, for instance, the initial configuration assigns the minimum weight to all nodes. If there is a neighborhood with all nodes having the minimum weight level, the node declares itself as cluster center. Even if coincidently all nodes declare themselves as cluster centers, the conflict situation will be resolved by one of the other rules.1 if max(W(N(n)) == MIN & w_n == MIN2 w_n = MAX; Rule 3 The third rule describes situations where nodes with leveraged weight values, which are not cluster centers, attract surrounding nodes with lower weights. This behavior can lead to fragmented clusters without a cluster center. In order to avoid fragmented clusters, the node with higher weight value is supposed to successively decrease its own weight with the objective to correct the fragmentation by allowing the other nodes to reconfigure according to the rules. 1 if max(W(N(n))) <= w_n && w_n != MAX2 w_n = w_n - 1; Rule 4 The fourth rule resolves the situation where two cluster centers connect in 1-hop neighborhood and need to decide which cluster center should continue its role as cluster center. Given any specific criterion (e.g., device ID, battery power), one cluster center remains while the other cluster center is hierarchized in 1-hop neighborhood to that new cluster center. The choice of the specific criterion to resolve the decision-making depends on the used application scenario and on the available information. 1 if max(W(N(n)) == MAX && w_n == MAX2 w_n = apply criterion to select a node from set (max(W(N(n)),w_n);3 w_n = w_n - 1; 1-D An exemplary sequence of state transitions applying the described four rules is illustrated below. 2-D KHOPCA acting in a dynamic 2-D simulation. The geometry is based on a geometric random graph; all existing links are drawn in this network. 3-D KHOPCA also works in a dynamic 3-D environment. The cluster connections are illustrated with bold lines. Guarantees It has been demonstrated that KHOPCA terminates after a finite number of state transitions in static networks.

18412461185370092821

Q7359118

Roger Wijesuriya Pre-Test career Wijesuriya represented Sri Lanka from 1978–79 until 1985–86, but never impressed in international cricket, although his first class and List A statistics were quite decent. His first match for Sri Lanka was a one-day game against West Indies, where he took the wicket of Larry Gomes as Sri Lanka won by seven wickets. Wijesuriya was also picked for the 1979 tour of England, where he ended up with ten wickets at an average of 37.70 in five first class games, including three for 13 against Scotland in a rain-hit three-day game. He did not, however, appear at the 1979 World Cup in England. Wijesuriya also toured Pakistan as a youth player some time before 1979, taking 25 wickets in a series.Wijesuriya was recalled for the 1981 tour of England, and impressed slightly more, recording his first career five-wicket-haul with five for 35 against a combined team of Oxford University and Cambridge University. He also hit 6 not out for Sri Lanka in that game, holding the last wicket with Mahes Goonatilleke as the match ended in a draw. Wijesuriya took 15 first class wickets from five games on tour at a bowling average of 31.13. International career In March the following year, Wijesuriya made his official international debut on the tour of Pakistan, bowling eight overs for 48 runs in a rain-shortened ODI and dismissing Mansoor Akhtar for 20. Following that, he was called up for the third Test against Pakistan, but he bowled 24 wicketless overs, as he was taken apart by Zaheer Abbas. Sri Lanka lost the Test by an innings and 102 runs, and Wijesuriya was quietly dropped and forgotten for three years.Then, in 1985, he was recalled as Sri Lanka took on India. Wijesuriya took key wickets in the first ODI, removing Krish Srikkanth and Mohammad Azharuddin early, but his eight overs cost 56 runs and India eked out a two-wicket victory. He was retained, however, bowling nine overs for 54 runs in the other two matches. 1985–86 Pakistan tour Despite the variable performances, he was kept in the side that toured Pakistan in 1985–86. However, he went wicketless in the first two Tests, despite bowling a total of 48 overs, before finally getting his first Test wicket at Karachi. Fellow spinner Abdul Qadir was his victim, caught by Sidath Wettimuny, which finally gave him a Test bowling average. By the end of the match, however, that average had been set to 297 – where it remained, giving him the highest bowling average (for a time, West Indian Rawl Lewis overtook Wijesuriya with one wicket for more than 300 runs but more success in 2008 brought down Lewis' bowling average). He also recorded his best ODI bowling figures on that tour, taking two for 25 from five overs, and also battling out to score 12 runs after the top order had been taken apart by Mudassar Nazar, Mohsin Kamal and Abdul Qadir. Despite the credible performance from Wijesuriya, Sri Lanka lost the match by 89 runs, and they suffered a 4–0 defeat in the ODI series and lost the Test series 2–0. After cricket That became Wijesuriya's last international performance. He played a number of matches for Sri Lanka B on Zimbabwe's tour of Sri Lanka in 1987–88, registering six wickets for 102 in a drawn game, but he never played for the senior team. He also appeared in Sri Lankan domestic cricket, playing for Moratuwa Sports Club, where he recorded his best first-class innings bowling figures with 6–51 against Galle in 1989–90, one game for Colombo Cricket Club, and finally one season for Colts Cricket Club in 1993–94.

12424984670378738904

Q1371718

France Joli Epic albums Joli's Epic debut Attitude (1983) was produced by Pete Bellotte; Giorgio Moroder was credited as executive producer. The album personnel included Martin Page on electric guitar, Page's Q-Feel sideman Brian Fairweather on electric bass and Richie Zito on electric bass and electric guitar: Zito also performed arranging duties. The tracks included Joli's original "Dumb Blond" (co-written with Daniel Vail) and a remake of the Four Tops' "Standing in the Shadows of Love" which featured Gladys Knight's backing group the Pips; the latter was a moderate club success in tandem with the cuts "Girl in the 80s" and "Blue Eyed Technology" but despite a performance by Joli on "Solid Gold" the single "Girl in the 80s" – written by Jay Ferguson and Deborah Neal – garnered no evident mainstream interest.Joli's next Epic release was Witch Of Love (1985) produced by George Duke: prior to the album's release Joli had performed the Duke-penned track "Party Lights" at the Yamaha Music Festival in 1984 and had won the Grand Prix. The title cut of Witch of Love was a Joli-Vail composition as was the track "What About Me". However, as with Attitude, the choice for single was a Ferguson-Neal composition: the rather quirky "Does He Dance", which again failed at US radio – although it did become a Canadian airplay item – while becoming a moderate club hit boosted by a remix by Shep Pettibone.The commercial failure of both of her Epic album releases led to the label dropping Joli who spent the next ten years with her career focused on performing rather than recording. 1996 and 2000s In 1996, Joli reunited with Tony Green for the single Touch on Popular Records. The original incarnation of the single was a CD single with Eurodance/Hi-NRG styled remixes intended for radio but received limited airplay. The song belatedly became a hit in clubs, reaching #24 on Hot Dance Music/Club Play, when new remixes by Darrin "Spike" Friedman were released on vinyl 12" single. There were two separate 12" singles released individually, each featuring a different Darrin Friedman remix, along with the other mixes from the CD single divided between the two records. The song became a regional hit in the New York tri-state area, as it was a favorite of DJs such as Jonathan Peters and Junior Vasquez at their weekly residencies.The follow-up single "Breakaway" included remixes geared toward the underground clubs. Two different CD singles of "Breakaway" were released, Part 1 and Part 2. Part 1 had the Junior Vasquez and Eddie Baez mixes of "Breakaway," while part 2 included additional remixes of "Breakaway," including a remix by Andy the Lamboy, as well one of the Darrin Friedman mixes of "Touch" and a previously unreleased Junior Vasquez mix of "Touch." Both "Touch" and "Breakaway" were featured on Joli's first album in 13 years, If You Love Me (1998): as the Popular label had folded Koch Records released the album.In recent years, Joli has performed at clubs and private functions primarily in the New York City area: she's appeared multiple times at the annual KTU Disco Ball at Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, NJ.Joli's "Come to Me" is featured in When Ocean Meets Sky (2003), a documentary detailing the 50-year history of the Fire Island Pines community. The film – which had its television premiere on June 10, 2006 – includes much previously unseen archival footage, but unfortunately Joli's electrifying July 1979 performance of "Come to Me" is presented only in still photographs with musical background, suggesting no footage of that renowned event exists. The sequence includes interviews with those who recall Joli's 1979 performance on Fire Island. When Ocean Meets Sky is seen occasionally on the Logo channel. In addition, it was also featured in the 1998 movie 54, depicting the goings on at Studio 54 in New York.

10297782822274808497

Q7417175

Sandy Bowers Lemuel Sanford Bowers (nickname: "Sandy") (February 24, 1833 – April 21, 1868) was an American teamster of Irish descent, miner and owner of the Crown Point Mine near Gold Hill, Nevada. Bowers and his wife were the Nevada Territory's first millionaires. Their home, the Bowers Mansion, was the first of the stately homes built in Nevada with the wealth from the Comstock Lode. Biography Bowers was born in Madison County, Illinois. After coming west in 1856 and spending some time in Sacramento, he soon traveled to Gold Hill. A new mining community located south of where Virginia City, Nevada is today. Sandy quickly began investing in mining claims. Once his claims were set, he bought, sold and traded his investments.Bowers and James Rogers registered their holdings for a 20-foot mining claim in Gold Canyon on January 28, 1859. In 1859, Eilley purchased Rogers' half of the claim for $1,000 (approximately $28,000 today). Though she was married at the time to someone else, Eilley married Bowers on August 9, 1859, and ten months later, she divorced Alexander Cowan on grounds of desertion.Their first two children, a son, John Jasper Bowers (June 28, 1860 – August 27, 1860), and a daughter, Theresa Fortunatas Bowers (June 16, 1861 – September 17, 1861) died as infants. Shortly thereafter, the Bowers decided to build a home and they travelled to Europe between 1861 and 1863 to purchase furnishings for their mansion and had a desire to meet Queen Victoria, who not give them an audience. The couple returned to Nevada in April 1863, accompanied by an adopted baby girl, Margaret Persia Bowers. With furnishings, they spent $407,000 (approximately $6,520,000 today). Though Bowers could only read and write a little, every book in the Bowers Mansion library had his name on it. The Bowers Mansion in Carson City, Nevada, completed in 1864, is an example of fine homes built in Nevada by those who became rich as a result of the Comstock Lode mining boom.By 1865, the Nevada mines were reaching the end of their heyday. Rich and miserable, Bowers preferred living in a shack while his wife preferred spending their millions of dollars. He moved back to Gold Hill, attempting to save their mine, with poor results. In early 1868, he tried to sell a portion of the mine but died on April 21 at the age of 35 from silicosis, a common lung disease amongst miners. Bowers is buried in back of the mansion at the top of a rise. His estate was appraised to be worth $638,000 at the time of his death.The "Sandy Bowers Claim" still exists, though it became a part of the "Consolidated Imperial" before control was taken over by Sutro Tunnel Coalition, Inc.The actor Morgan Jones played Bowers in the 1955 episode, "The Crystal Gazer," of the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews. Natalie Norwick (1923-2007) was cast as Mrs. Bowers, the former Eilley Orrum, who consults a crystal ball to guide her decisions. She helped Bowers to locate a gold strike. The two marry, spend recklessly on a world tour, and build the still-standing Bowers Mansion between Reno and Carson City. Bowers dies of a lung disease, and Eilley is left with many unpaid bills for which she was responsible. She had not foreseen that their fortune would run dry so quickly.

9592958562856821573

Q6149457

Operation Ivy Bells Operation Ivy Bells was a joint United States Navy, CIA, and National Security Agency (NSA) mission whose objective was to place wire taps on Soviet underwater communication lines during the Cold War. Background During the Cold War, the United States wanted to learn more about Soviet submarine and missile technology, specifically ICBM test and nuclear first strike capability.In the early 1970s the U.S. government learned of the existence of an undersea communications cable in the Sea of Okhotsk, which connected the major Soviet Pacific Fleet naval base at Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Soviet Pacific Fleet's mainland headquarters at Vladivostok. At the time, the Sea of Okhotsk was claimed by the Soviet Union as territorial waters, and was strictly off limits to foreign vessels, and the Soviet Navy had installed a network of sound detection devices along the seabed to detect intruders. The area also saw numerous surface and subsurface naval exercises. Use Each month, divers retrieved the recordings and installed a new set of tapes. The recordings were then delivered to the NSA for processing and dissemination to other U.S. intelligence agencies. The first tapes recorded revealed that the Soviets were so sure of the cable's security that the majority of the conversations made over it were unencrypted. The eavesdropping on the traffic between senior Soviet officers provided invaluable information on naval operations at Petropavlovsk, the Pacific Fleet's primary nuclear submarine base, home to Yankee and Delta class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.Eventually, more taps were installed on Soviet lines in other parts of the world, with more advanced instruments built by AT&T's Bell Laboratories that were nuclear-powered and could store a year's worth of data. Other submarines were used for this role, including USS Parche (SSN-683), USS Richard B. Russell (SSN-687), and USS Seawolf (SSN-575). Seawolf was almost lost during one of these missions—she was stranded on the bottom after a storm and almost had to use her self-destruct charges to scuttle the ship with her crew. Compromise Ronald Pelton, a 44-year-old veteran of the NSA, was fluent in Russian and considered to be a highly skilled communications analyst/specialist, and who experienced financial issues. Hostile toward the agency and dissatisfied with his position, Pelton was $65,000 ($198,000 today) in debt and filed for personal bankruptcy just three months before he resigned. With only a few hundred dollars in the bank, Pelton walked into the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C. in January 1980 and offered to sell what he knew to the KGB for money.No documents were passed from Pelton to the Soviets, as he had an extremely good memory. He reportedly received $35,000 from the KGB for the intelligence he provided from 1980 to 1983, and for the intelligence on the Operation Ivy Bells, the KGB gave him $5,000. The Soviets did not immediately take any action on this information. However, in 1981, surveillance satellites showed Soviet warships, including a salvage vessel, anchored over the site of the tap in the Sea of Okhotsk. USS Parche was dispatched to recover the device, but the American divers were unable to find it and it was concluded that the Soviets had taken it. It remains unclear why it took the Soviets so long, although a plausible explanation is that it was used to feed disinformation to U.S. defense intelligence.In July 1985, Vitaly Yurchenko, a KGB colonel who was Pelton's initial contact in Washington, D.C., defected to the United States and provided the information that eventually led to Pelton's arrest.As of 1999, the recording device captured by the Soviets was on public display at the Great Patriotic War museum in Moscow.

11204079865194876102

Q1145983

Farmington, West Virginia Geography Farmington is located at 39°30′47″N 80°15′7″W (39.512979, -80.252060), along Buffalo Creek.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.43 square miles (1.11 km²), of which 0.42 square miles (1.09 km²) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km²) is water. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 375 people, 163 households, and 111 families residing in the town. The population density was 892.9 inhabitants per square mile (344.8/km²). There were 192 housing units at an average density of 457.1 per square mile (176.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.9% White, 0.3% Asian, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.3% of the population.There were 163 households of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.9% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.80.The median age in the town was 39.6 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 387 people, 163 households, and 108 families residing in the town. The population density was 917.3 inhabitants per square mile (355.8/km²). There were 194 housing units at an average density of 459.8 per square mile (178.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.90% White, 1.81% African American, and 1.29% from two or more races.There were 163 households out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.93.In the town, the population was spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males.The median income for a household in the town was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $39,688. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,990. About 5.9% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 1.3% of those age 65 or over.

5570282682143875599

Q4974575

Brookfield Enterprise History The Brookfield Enterprise was started in 1932 by former linotype operator and publisher of The Melrose Parker newspaper Porter Reubendall as a weekly paper full of advertisements of Brookfield businesses. The paper was to be distributed for free to every home in Brookfield, as well as, the Hollywood & Congress Park sections of Brookfield. The first issue of the Brookfield Enterprise was printed, on a printing press that could only print 12 x 15 in. paper, on Dec., 9, 1932 in the small basement of Reubendall's home at 9125 Sheridan Ave. in Brookfield, IL..Distribution of the paper was handled by a group of men sent over from the local work relief office and the paper itself was initially assembled as a family effort with "Mama, the children and the in-laws" helping out according to Reubendall.While the first issue of the newspaper was about business and advertising-orientated, Reubendall soon decided that he would include small news stories and information concerning Brookfield's governmental affairs.By 1936, the Brookfield Enterprise was printing 3,000 copies a week out of its new offices at 3724 Prairie Ave. in Brookfield. The paper had been so well received that it was necessary for Reubendall to invest in a larger Babcock Printing Press to handle the work.With the onset of World War II, the military draft had begun to cut into his male workforce and according to Reubendall, "it became necessary for me to work every evening, and it became quite a burden." So, in January 1945 Reubendall sold the paper to Robert Hladik and Lawrence Morrell Gross. Soon after the sale the paper began to falter.In September 1945, Elmer C. Johnson, then a printer's apprentice and freelance photographer for the Chicago Daily News, Chicago Tribune and in the arly 1930s a writer of the weekly columns "On the Funny Side" & Radio Ramblings" in the South Side News was hired as managing editor of the Brookfield Enterprise.In January 1947, Mr. Gross sold his interest in the paper to Mr. Hladik and Mr. Johnson then bought a half-interest in the paper. By 1949, Elmer C. Johnson and his wife Genevieve bought out Mr. Hladik's half of the paper and became sole owners of the Brookfield Enterprise.In the 1950s the Brookfield Enterprise, now owned by photographer Elmer C. Johnson, became billed as "Brookfield's Picture Newspaper" and as "A Picture News-Weekly. It was also at this time that the newspaper began to focus on hard news as well as community and governmental news.In 1951, Mr. Johnson acquired the Lyons Times, Summit Valley Times and the Clear Ridge Times publishing them all under the name Enterprise Publications.Elmer C. Johnson (who carried his Rolleiflex camera everywhere he went) worked as publisher, editor, writer and photographer for the paper. Writing stories on a second-hand typewriter that he bought in Oak Park, Illinois which was, according to the shop's owner, previously owned by writer Ernest Hemingway. Whether the proprietor's claim was true or not, it did make for a good story.In 1958, Johnson moved the Enterprise to a new office at 9034 Brookfield Ave. in Brookfield, Illinois and then again in 1960 he moved to a much larger office at 8694 W. 47th St. in Lyons, Illinois.In 1967, Elmer C. Johnson's photo of the deadly tornado (an F4) that hit Oak Lawn, Illinois and left a trail of destruction eastward to Lake Michigan, appeared with a title "Portrait of a Killer" on the front page of the Chicago American and in special sections of the Chicago Tribune & Chicago Sun-Times. The National Weather Service says that it is "the only known tornado photo of this event".Johnson took the photo of the tornado while at the Southfield shopping center to pick up an ad from a store for his Enterprise Publication. According to a story in the Chicago American, Johnson, who always had his camera in his car, saw the tornado forming and ran to his car from where he took the photograph. Of the photo, Johnson said "I opened the lens way up and shot. It was moving so fast I kept losing the funnel behind the buildings."Between 1975 and 1979, the four newspaper editions published by Enterprise Publications and now under the masthead of The Times, were reduced to two editions covering Lyons Township and Garfield Ridge with a circulation of 50,000.Beginning in the 1970s, The Times was billed as having "More photos and local news" and included a contest that included a reader winning money if their car was spotted with a Times bumper sticker on the bumper. The bumper sticker read "In our town it's The Times- an Enterprise Publication."In 1979, Elmer's son and managing editor of The Times Denny C. Johnson, moved the paper from free distribution to a paid subscription and newsstand sales operation. By 1983 the paper had roughly 5,000 subscribers and 500 weekly newsstand sales. The papers operations were now being run out of an office at the former Old Willow shopping complex in Willow Springs, Illinois.However, on Oct. 8, 1985, subscribers and advertisers received a letter that stated"No Times this week! Sorry but after more than 52 years of service to the community, Enterprise Publications Co. is temporarily suspending publication of The Times' Lyons Township edition, so we can reorganize our operations."The letter went on to say,"Due to the increased costs of printing, mailing, labor and other expenses, we are forced to take this action. Paid subscriptions will be honored and dated up when we resume publication. Please bear with us during this period. Sincerely, The Times, Enterprise Publication Co."And the paper ceased publication.

11120726334928305221

Q2461995

Walpole, Suffolk Population Population data on Walpole dates back to as early as 1801, when the population was 494. There have been many fluctuations in the population from 1801 to 2011, with the pattern showing a continuous decrease in numbers from 1831 to 2011. 1831 recorded the highest population figure at 658, whilst the lowest population figure was recorded in 2001 at just 215, a decrease of 67.4% of the 1831 figure. 2011 census shows that 15.6% of the population are aged 0–15, 74.3% aged between 16-74, and just 10.1% aged 75 and over. The average age being 46.2 years old. Housing The typical housing types in Walpole are detached, semi-detached, and terraced. Housing ownership is typically owner-occupied. Overall average house prices in Walpole are £225,000. This figure is higher than average house prices in nearby Halesworth where average prices are £168,882 and Bramfield where average house prices are £143,975. Selling prices in the previous year were down 37% of the selling prices in the year before, and down 62% of the 2005 average selling price. Occupational history Occupation data for 1831 reflects the social status' of the people of Walpole from that time. 83 of the 135 were classed as labourers and servants, 35 classed as middling sorts, and only 17 were employers and professionals. According to 1831 data, occupation in Walpole for males aged 20 or over was divided into 9 occupational categories. The main category was agricultural labourers, followed by retail and handicrafts. There were no jobs in manufacturing, and very few in other categories. In 1881, males were still predominantly working in the agricultural industry, with 50 out of 96 males involved in agriculture. Work for males did begin to increase however in occupations such as House, Furniture and Decorations, and Food and Lodging. Women, as expected, were very different in 1881 occupational status'. 71 out of 95 females had an unknown occupation, whilst 12 worked in domestic service or offices. Few worked in agriculture, and some worked as professionals or workers in dress. However, data from the most recent census in 2011 shows, as expected, a complete differentiation in occupational status'. Statistics for 2011 show that 123 of residents aged between 16-74 are currently in employment, that figure being 51.6% of the total Walpole population. The census data reported that wholesale and retail trade, and education were the biggest sectors in 2011 employment, both at 13%. Manufacturing accounted for 10% of the 2011 employment, compared to 0 in the 1831 census. This would probably be due to the changes in technology which have allowed industries in Walpole and the rest of Britain to shift from the primary sectors of work, to the secondary and tertiary. Education The local mixed gender primary school closest to Walpole is situated 2.3 miles away in Bramfield. The school is for children aged between 4-11 and currently has 89 students in total, of which 52.8% are boys and 47.2% are girls. In 2013 the school reported 91% to be achieving Level 4 or above in reading, writing and maths. The last Ofsted inspection was carried out on 21 January 2015 and was rated 'Inadequate'. Transport The closest railway station to the village of Walpole is located approximately 2.9 miles away in nearby Halesworth, approximately a 10-minute drive away from Walpole. Walpole has 1 local bus service. This service is the 532 which goes from Beccles to Halesworth on Wednesdays. Church of St Mary Inside the Parish Church is a dish inscribed with the names dedicated to dead soldiers who were from Walpole. Dedicated on 11 May 1949, the Roll of Honour consists of five soldiers from World War One, and four from World War Two. Two of these soldiers are buried in Walpole at St Mary Churchyard. St Mary's church is one of 23 listed buildings in Walpole. The church is listed as Grade II and has been listed for surviving medieval work since 7 December 1966. The core of the church dates back to the 12th century or earlier, with much being restored in 1878. The tower and aisle remains entire still to this date. Bell Cottage The Old Bell Previously used as an inn, this is now three private dwellings. Just like the Church of St Mary this is also listed as Grade II and has been listed since 19 March 1985. The building dates back to the early 19th century, made from red brick, and three storeys high. The Old Thatch Also listed as Grade II, The Old Thatch has been listed since 19 March 1985. It is a 16th-century timber-framed and plastered cottage with a thatched roof. Cookley Lake A family owned two-acre fishing lake opened all year round for fishing.

14993333937140886968

Q1322699

PSK31 PSK31 or "Phase Shift Keying, 31 Baud", also BPSK31 and QPSK31, is a popular computer-sound card-generated radioteletype mode, used primarily by amateur radio operators to conduct real-time keyboard-to-keyboard chat, most often using frequencies in the high frequency amateur radio bands (near-shortwave). PSK31 is distinguished from other digital modes in that it is specifically tuned to have a data rate close to typing speed, and has an extremely narrow bandwidth, allowing many conversations in the same bandwidth as a single voice channel. This narrow bandwidth makes better use the RF energy in a very narrow space thus allowing relatively low-power equipment (5 watts) to communicate globally using the same skywave propagation used by shortwave radio stations. History PSK31 was developed and named by English amateur radio operator Peter Martinez (call sign G3PLX) and introduced to the wider amateur radio community in December 1998.The 31 baud BPSK modulation system used in PSK31 was introduced by Pawel Jalocha (SP9VRC) in his SLOWBPSK program written for Motorola's EVM radio. Instead of the traditional frequency-shift keying, the information is transmitted by patterns of polarity-reversals (sometimes called 180-degree phase shifts). PSK31 was enthusiastically received, and its usage grew like wildfire worldwide, lending a new popularity and tone to the on-air conduct of digital communications. Due to the efficiency of the mode, it became, and still remains, especially popular with operators whose circumstances do not permit the mount of large antenna systems, the use of high power, or both. Resistance to interference Like other narrow band digital modes, PSK31 can often overcome interference and poor propagation conditions in situations where voice or other methods of communication fail. However, PSK31 was designed only for leisure use by amateurs, and due to its relatively slow speed and limited error control, is not suitable for transmitting large blocks of data or text, or critical data requiring high immunity from errors.PSK31 works well over propagation paths that preserve phase, and resists fading (QSB) well. However, it can be adversely affected by propagation modes—such as transpolar paths—where auroral "flutter" or multipathing can disrupt the signal phase continuity. In such cases the use of QPSK (see below) is often beneficial.Some software supports PSK10 and PSK05 variants, running at 10 baud and 5 baud, respectively. These slower speeds sacrifice throughput to provide greater resistance to noise and other interference. Conversely, PSK63 is increasingly used for faster exchanges, especially during amateur radio contest operating. Technical information PSK31 is typically created by software that generates an amplitude- and phase-modulated waveform that is converted to an audio frequency analog signal by a sound card. In the most-commonly-used variant, BPSK31, binary information is transmitted by either imparting a 180-degree phase shift (a binary "zero") or no phase shift (a binary "one") in each 32ms symbol interval. The 180-degree phase shift for a "zero" bit code occurs at a null amplitude.As shown in the figure, a cosine filter is used to smooth the rise and fall times of the audio waveform and eliminate key clicks. All subsequent amplification of the signal must be linear to preserve the modulation waveform and ensure minimum occupied bandwidth. In practice, this means limiting the transmit audio volume to below the level where the transmitter generates Automatic Level Control (ALC) feedback and disabling any audio compression or speech processing.The Varicode is a kind of Fibonacci code where the boundaries between character codes are marked by two or more consecutive zeros. Like all Fibonacci codes, since no character code contains more than one consecutive zero, the software can easily identify the spaces between characters, regardless of the length of the character. The idle sequence, sent when an operator is not typing, is a continuous sequence of phase-shifts, which do not print on the screen. Martinez arranged the character alphabet so that, as in Morse code, the more frequently occurring characters have the shortest encodings, while rarer characters use longer encodings. He named this encoding scheme "varicode".PSK31's symbol rate of 31.25 Hz was chosen because a normal typing speed of about 50 words per minute requires a bit rate of about 32 bits per second, and specifically because 31.25 Hz could easily be derived from the 8 kHz sample rate used in many DSP systems, including those used in the computer sound cards commonly used for PSK31 operation (31.25 Hz is 8 kHz divided by 256, and so can be derived from 8 kHz by halving the frequency eight times in succession). BPSK31 and QPSK31 variants Colloquial usage of the term 'PSK31' in amateur radio usually implies the use of the most commonly used variant of PSK31: binary phase shift keying (BPSK). BPSK uses no error control, but an allied mode, QPSK31 quadrature phase shift keying, uses four phases instead of two, to provide a degree of forward error correction. It is simple to switch from BPSK to QPSK if difficulties arise during a contact. When QPSK is used; after encoding into varicode, the binary signal is further transformed into a quaternary set of phase shifts. A sliding window of five bits is used to select one of the four possible phase shifts, providing a means of error correction by spreading each bit of data across adjacent bits. Successful decoding of an input bit requires a large number of phase shift sequences to be received, causing a 20-bit, 640-millisecond latency (delay) in the output of the decoder. Spectrum efficiency compared to other modes PSK31's efficiency and narrow bandwidth make it highly suitable for low-power and crowded-band operation. PSK31 contacts can be conducted at less than 100 Hz separation, so with disciplined operation at least twenty simultaneous PSK31 contacts can be carried out side-by-side in the 2.5 kHz bandwidth required for just one SSB voice contact.

2360639969719160730

Q100268

Werner Dahm Life Werner Karl Dahm was born on Feb. 16, 1917 in Lindenthal near Köln, Germany, the son of Anton Dahm and Maria Morkramer. The family moved to Bonn later that year. His father was the first engineer in a long line of merchants. After graduating from the Beethoven School in Bonn in 1936, he studied aerodynamics and aircraft design at the Technical University in Aachen, and later in Munich when the Nazis had closed other technical universities. In Munich he was one of just four students, out of several hundred, who refused to join the Nazi student club. He said he first simply pretended not to find it, and then since it was formally listed as a dueling club he avoided it by claiming religious objections. For this he was denied access to certain advanced aircraft courses, so he focused on courses relevant to rocketry. Before completing his degree he was drafted at the end of 1939, and sent with a signal corps unit to France and then to Czechoslovakia. In between, he was granted a one-semester break to complete the major part of his aerodynamics degree.As a result of his technical background, in late 1941 he was assigned to the German rocket development effort at Peenemünde, led by Wernher von Braun. There, as the youngest member of the rocket team, he worked in the future projects division, a group composed mainly of physicists who needed a specialist in aerodynamics. At the time, theoretical understanding of high-speed aerodynamics was still in its infancy. He was one of a group that conducted pioneering experiments in a small supersonic wind tunnel to obtain essential insights and data to support designs for proposed new rockets. Among these was the A9/A10 rocket, designed to be the first intercontinental ballistic missile, based on a Mach 6 boost-glide approach using a winged derivative of the V2 rocket. He soon recognized in the wind tunnel results that a shift occurred in the aerodynamic center-of-pressure as the rocket transitioned to supersonic speeds, which would cause it to become unstable. This led to experiments and theories to understand the shift and determine aerodynamic configurations that would allow the rocket to remain stable.He also worked on the Wasserfall rocket, a radar-guided supersonic anti-aircraft missile, in which the same center-of-pressure shift was being encountered. Along the way, he developed a conical rocket propellant tank that successfully overcame liquid fuel sloshing problems, for which he won an internal prize with a monetary award that he proudly never cashed. In August 1943, when Allied forces bombed the Peenemuende facilities, he received a commendation for saving critical wind tunnel data during the ensuing fires. The Wasserfall project continued almost to the war's end, and the rocket was successfully flown but never went into production. In 1944, he and others in the group were granted civilian status, and resumed the A9/A10 development effort. In January 1945, near the end of the war, two A9 test rockets were launched with control surface designs based on the group's solution to the center-of-pressure shift. The second of these achieved stable transition to supersonic flight.Facing advancing Russian forces at the beginning of February 1945, he and most others on the rocket team moved to Oberammergau to allow a surrender to American forces. After his release in August 1945, he briefly worked in a candle factory of family friends in Bonn, until accepting an invitation from the U.S. as part of Operation Paperclip to join the U.S. Army's nascent rocket program with other members selected from von Braun's team. He insisted, however, on first being allowed to finish his degree, which was officially awarded in mechanical engineering due to postwar restrictions on further rocket work in Germany. In August 1947 he rejoined the other scientists from the von Braun team at Fort Bliss, Texas to begin work on the U.S. rocket program.In the U.S. he was initially involved in tests at White Sands Missile Range using V2 rockets. These results led directly to the Redstone rocket and laid the basis for every other rocket developed in the United States since. The White Sands work included a Mach 3 cruise missile known as the Hermes II, based on a V2 first stage with a radical linear ramjet concept for the second stage. His work on the Hermes II continued after he moved in 1950 with much of the von Braun team to Huntsville, Ala. as part of the Army's ballistic missile program. There he developed the external aerodynamic design for the Army's Redstone missile, which served as the launch rocket for the nation's first live nuclear missile tests and later also launched the first U.S. astronaut into space. He developed a successful Mach 5 ballistic re-entry nose cone using a purely theoretical approach, at a time when no hypersonic wind tunnels existed to test the theories or provide needed data. He subsequently continued pioneering contributions in high-speed aerothermochemistry in the Army's Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missile program, and then on the Army's Pershing medium-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket.Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems.He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch rockets, and received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 2003. He continued working in science positions at NASA until his retirement, at 89, in 2006. David King, director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, said "America's space program is preeminent because folks like Mr. Dahm contributed to building it into the best in the world. His life and life's work are an example of his energy, dedication and humble leadership, which has played a significant role in humanity's peaceful use of space."

14958355540641170109

Q5666562

Harrow International School Hong Kong Background The School is built on the site of a former army barracks, in So Kwun Wat, Tuen Mun District in the New Territories. The land was allocated by the Hong Kong government in late 2009. Student composition The Lower School begins in the Early Years Centre for students aged 3 and the Upper School ends for students in Y13 aged 18. The student body is very diverse and currently includes 35 different nationalities. The student mix of the School more than fulfils its agreement with the EDB that at least 50% of its admissions will be non-local students who are eligible to study in Hong Kong. The School looks to admit students with the aptitude, ability and personality to thrive in and contribute to its community and the distinctive education it provides. The admissions process has a clear timeline, but applications are considered from strong applicants after the published deadlines, subject to places being available, if they are from overseas and do not have a place in a school in Hong Kong. Teaching staff As of August 2016, the School has 140 teachers and teaching assistants. The majority of the teachers are British; with experience in British independent and state schools, and international schools. Teaching media English is the inclusive language of the classroom, playground and boarding Houses for all students irrespective of their mother languages. In addition to English, all students have the option of studying other languages: Mandarin, French and Spanish.In June 2018 the administration of Harrow Hong Kong decided to only teach simplified Chinese in its kindergarten and primary school Mandarin classes, even though the territory it is located in uses traditional Chinese, on the basis that Hong Kong's environment will be different when 2047, the scheduled end of the special administrative region period, occurs. The school maintained its course despite controversy occurring in Hong Kong. Extra-curricular activities A varied extra-curricular programme is an essential part of a Harrow education and, distinctively in Hong Kong a significant part of it is integrated into the School day for all students from Y1 to Y13. Through activity option choices and a number of core activities that take place within the timetable, as well as in enrichment time after 5.15pm for boarders, the extra-curricular activities programme aims to develop skills associated with service, charity, teamwork, creative expression, leadership and challenges through a wide range of team and individual sports, music, art, drama, cultural and academic extension activities. For example, Harrow Hong Kong has competed in the International History Bee and Bowl Championships since its inception in Hong Kong in 2014, and it won the 2016 Hong Kong History Bowl Championships for both the Junior Varsity and Middle School Divisions. Boarding The School offers the option of boarding from Y6 when students enter the Prep School. Just over 50% of students in the Upper School board, but all students, whether day or boarders, are members of a House and have a House Master or House Mistress who takes responsibility for their pastoral care. The boarding Houses provide rich opportunities for interacting with students from a wide range of backgrounds; there are currently three boys’ and three girls’ Prep Houses (Y6 to Y8), and four boys’ and four girls’ Senior Houses (Y9 to Y13). Scholarship and bursary The School makes available merit-based financial awards for students who are gifted in academic work and/or extra-curricular pursuits where outstanding talent is evident. The aim of the scholarship and bursary programme is to enable the School to draw gifted students from all sections of the global community, irrespective of their parents’ financial circumstances. With bursary supplementation, virtually full remission of fees is available depending on need. Scholarships are available from Y6. UK governance The School operates under an agreement with the Governors of Harrow School in the UK. Two Governors from the Harrow School Board of Governors in the UK are members of the Governing Body; they attend its meetings and visit the School in Hong Kong three times a year to ensure quality control and guidance from the Harrow family. Parent involvement The Friends of Harrow is an association of parents and teaching staff that provides practical support for and assists with additional opportunities to enhance the educational experience for the students and promotes and extends productive relationships within the School community. Its committee and sub-committees have successfully organised external speakers, work placements and Career Fairs for students, as well as major charity fund-raising events.In addition, each term there are meetings of the Parent Governors consultation group, the Lower School Class Parent, Prep School House and Senior School House Parent committees, in which parent representatives discuss matters of School policy and procedures with members of the senior management. Parent representatives also sit on two focus groups: the Food Committee and the Transport Committee. Individual needs support The School has a full-time Psychologist, Individual Needs Coordinator and EAP (English for Academic Purposes) Coordinator. Capital certificates and debentures Capital Certificates and Debentures do not guarantee an entry to the School. Individual Capital Certificates and Individual Debentures are refunded if the applicant fails to get through the assessments.The school planned to expand its school building for new facilities. Some parents felt a lack of consultation when the school announced to increase the annual capital levy by HKD10000 to non-debenture holders and issue new capital certificates at HKD5million.

3420584585273759745

Q16193271

Linda Nolan Early life Linda Nolan was born in Holles Street Hospital in Dublin, Ireland, to Tommy and Maureen Nolan. The family lived in Raheny, a northern town of Dublin. They lived there until she was three before moving to Blackpool in 1962, at which point Tommy and Maureen formed the Singing Nolans of which Nolan was a member. She went to school at Blackpool's St Catherine's Catholic Secondary School, and also attended the Cardinal Wiseman School in Greenford, West London. Singing career From 1974 to 1983, Nolan was a member of the girl group The Nolans, who achieved eight top forty hits on the UK Singles Chart, with "Spirit, Body and Soul" (1979), "I'm in the Mood for Dancing" (1979), "Don't Make Waves" (1980), "Gotta Pull Myself Together" (1980), "Who's Gonna Rock You" (1980), "Attention to Me" (1981), "Chemistry" (1981) and "Don't Love Me Too Hard" (1982). The group supported Frank Sinatra on his 1975 European tour. They were particularly successful in Japan, scoring a string of hits (including a No.1) and won the 1981 Tokyo Music Festival with the song "Sexy Music". They also achieved success in Europe and Australia. In 1981, she scored a minor hit with her sister Coleen as part of the Young & Moody Band, with "Don't Do That" (UK No. 63) which also featured Lemmy from Motörhead and Cozy Powell. She left the Nolans in 1983 and quickly gained the label "Naughty Nolan" due to her posing in risqué publicity photos. The Nolans reunited as a five-piece (Bernie, Anne, Coleen, Maureen and Linda) for one-off performances of "I'm in the Mood for Dancing" first for BBC One's All Time Greatest Party Songs, hosted by Tess Daly, which aired on 17 December 2005 and again on 9 August 2007 on Loose Women. Four of the sisters (Linda, Bernie, Coleen & Maureen) reunited in 2009 for a successful tour of the UK and Ireland. They also released an album I'm in the Mood Again, which reached No. 22 on the UK Album Chart. Musicals On leaving the group, Nolan went on to play the role of Maggie May at Blackpool's Central Pier for eight summer seasons (1986–93), clocking up more than 1,000 performances. She then starred for two seasons in a similar show on Blackpool's South Pier called Rosie O' Grady's (1994–95). From 1996 to 1997, she starred as the prison governor in two UK tours of Prisoner: Cell Block H – The Musical, alongside Paul O'Grady. From 2000, she starred as Mrs. Johnstone in Blood Brothers for three years in the West End, and regularly played the role in the UK touring production until 2008. She was the third Nolan sister to play the role, after Bernie and Denise. Maureen Nolan has also since played the role in the West End on the UK tour for several years, earning the sisters a place in the Guinness World Records, as the most siblings to play the same role in a musical.In 2015, Nolan embarked on a tour of her native Ireland in Menopause The Musical, alongside Mary Byrne Sue Collins and 1993 Eurovision winner Niamh Kavanagh. The show toured Ireland again in January 2016, with Kavanagh being replaced by Ruth Berkeley from Penny Dreadful. Nolan then joined Menopause The Musical for a 10-week UK tour, with the cast including Ruth Berkeley, Eastenders star Cheryl Ferguson and former Casualty actress Rebecca Wheatley. In 2016, she played Madam Holly Spencer in the original production of Rumpy Pumpy!. The musical drama opened at the Theatre Royal Windsor, before moving to the Union Theatre, London. Other Nolan has also appeared on Blankety Blank, with Anne and her daughter Alex on Celebrity Pressure Pad and with Bernie on Pointless Celebrities. Celebrity Big Brother In January 2014, Nolan participated in the thirteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother. Prior to this, her sister Coleen had participated in and achieved second place in the tenth series. According to the Belfast Telegraph, she entered in an attempt to make a turn around, as she had encountered some hard times and had turned to the UK benefits system.Upon learning that she was to be handcuffed, she confirmed her "Naughty Nolan" nickname by saying "I like a bit of bondage".Nolan and Davidson have history; in 1995, Nolan's husband Brian Hudson was caught red-handed stealing money from comic Frank Carson's dressing room at the South Pier Theatre Blackpool. This raised the ire of Davidson, who was playing up the road at the time and promptly lost his temper, yelling "no-one steals from my mates" and threatened to punch him. Davidson was promptly thrown out of that nightclub. On Day 15, Nolan was reminded by Davidson of his antics, prompting an argument. She was evicted on Day 22. Personal life Nolan met Brian Hudson in 1979 and they married in 1981. He was the Nolans' tour manager until 1983 and became his wife's manager after she left the group. They were married for 26 years until his death in 2007, from liver failure.In 2006, Nolan was diagnosed with breast cancer. As part of her treatment, she underwent a single mastectomy. She was given the all-clear from cancer in 2011. In 2007, she was diagnosed with cellulitis in her arm. In 2017, Nolan fell on her hip and was taken to hospital, where doctors discovered a form of incurable secondary breast cancer on her pelvis. She began undergoing regular radiotherapy treatment to make sure that the cancer would not spread, but has said that she would reject chemotherapy if the cancer was found to be terminal, after seeing how Bernie was in pain from her chemotherapy in 2013.On 7 July 2014, she claimed that she was sexually assaulted by Rolf Harris in 1975 while The Nolans were supporting Harris in a tour of South Africa.

13630633679372422490

Q4336440

Original dance The original dance (OD) was one of the programs performed by figure skaters in ice dance competitions, in which the ice dancers skated "a dance of their own creation to dance music they have selected for the designated rhythm(s)". It was normally the second of three programs in the competition, sandwiched between the compulsory dance (CD) and the free dance (FD). The rhythm(s) and type of music required for the OD changed every season, and were selected by the International Skating Union (ISU) before the start of the season. The ice dancers were free to choose their own music and choreography (within the specified constraints) and to create their own routines. They were judged on a set of required criteria, including skating skills and how well they interpreted the music and the rhythm.The ISU voted in 2010 to discontinue the OD, along with the CD, and to introduce the short dance (SD) as a replacement. Accordingly, after the 2009–2010 season, the ice dance competition structure was changed and the original dance was removed from all ISU junior and senior level competitions. History The original dance (OD) was added to ice dance competitions in 1967, when it became a replacement for one of the two compulsory dances. It was previously called the "original set pattern dance" (OSPD), but its name was simplified to the "original dance" in 1990. The OD remained the second competition segment, after the compulsory dance (CD) and before the free dance (FD), until the competition structure was changed prior to the 2010–2011 season.The highest recorded OD score is 70.27 points, which was achieved by Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir at the 2010 World Championships. Requirements Ice dancers were able to select their own music for the OD and create an "original" routine, but they were required to use a set rhythm and type of music, which changed every season (as did the CD) and were chosen beforehand by the ISU. The OD needed to reflect the character of the music's rhythm and "be translated to the ice by demonstrating technical skill in steps and movements along with flow and the use of edges".The five program components included in the OD were: skating skills; footwork and movement (particularly the transitions linking them); performance and/or execution of the program; choreography and composition of the program; and the interpretation and timing of the music. The judges also considered how well the competitors performed certain elements in the OD, such as dance spins, lifts, synchronized twizzles, and step sequences. These were the same program components and required elements as those incorporated into the FD.During the OD, apart from the mandatory step sequences, ice dancers were only permitted to cross the long axis of the ice surface once at each end of the rink, within 20 meters of the barrier. All rotations, turns, steps, and changes of hold were allowed, as long as they followed the music's rhythm. Interpretation of the rhythm was considered to be the most important aspect of the OD so, along with the timing, this was scored the highest. The OD had a time limit of two minutes and was worth 30% of the total score. Elimination from competition format In 2010, the ISU voted to eliminate both the CD and the OD, and to restructure ice dance competitions to include a new short dance (SD) segment alongside the existing FD segment. Despite the anticipated change, the ISU published their OD rhythm/music choices for both junior and senior ice dance teams for the 2010–2011 season, "rhythms and dances of the 1950s, 1960s or 1970s". The OD was included in competitions for the last time in the 2009–2010 season, when the choice of rhythm/music for both juniors and seniors was "folk/country" or "any type of folk/country dance music or typical dance of the country".

5493440953372632387

Q554582

Lior Eliyahu Early life Eliyahu is Jewish, and was born in Ramat Gan, Israel. Professional career Eliyahu grew up in the youth system of Maccabi Ironi Ramat Gan, but moved to Galil for the 2004–05 season, in order to further his career. The move paid off when, under the guidance of Oded Katash, Eliyahu made great strides in improving his game. After the 2005–06 season, Eliyahu entered the 2006 NBA draft, a move criticized by Hanoch Mintz, Eliyahu's coach during his time in Ramat Gan.In pre-draft camps in Europe, Eliyahu impressed along with fellow Israeli Yotam Halperin and when the camp was finished in Treviso, Italy, both had dramatically climbed the mock draft charts. He also impressed during matches between Maccabi Tel Aviv and NBA teams. During the EuroLeague 2006–07 season, Eliyahu averaged 10.8 points per game.In December 2008, Eliyahu became the first Israeli to be named the EuroLeague MVP of the Month during the season. He recorded a double double in all three games he played during December. Overall for the 2008–09 EuroLeague season, Eliyahu averaged 14.0 points and 6.6 rebounds per game. In 2009, Eliyahu signed a 4-year contract worth €6 million euros net income with the Spanish League club Caja Laboral and he won the Spanish national championship with his new team in 2010, scoring 18 points in the deciding game against then EuroLeague champions Barcelona.In September 2010, he returned to Maccabi Tel Aviv, signing a five-year contract.In November 2013, he signed a three-year deal with Hapoel Jerusalem. In 2015, helped the club win its first ever Israeli championship. In 2017, Eliyahu took another championship with Hapoel Jerusalem. In January 2016, signed a three-year extension to his contract with Hapoel Jerusalem.On May 10, 2018, Eliyahu recorded a career-high 15 assists, along with 10 points, 5 rebounds and 4 steals in a 92–73 win over Hapoel Eilat. He was subsequently named Israeli League Round 30 MVP.On August 23, 2018, Eliyahu was named Hapoel Jerusalem's new team captain, replacing Yotam Halperin.On July 26, 2019, Eliyahu signed with Maccabi Ashdod for the 2019–20 season, joining his former head coach Brad Greenberg. On October 21, 2019, Eliyahu recorded a season-high 22 points, shooting 10-of-15 from the field, along with seven rebounds and seven assists, leading Ashdod to an 83–76 win over Hapoel Tel Aviv. He was subsequently named Israeli League Round 3 MVP. NBA draft rights On June 28, 2006, he made national headlines in Israel by being selected by the Orlando Magic with the 44th pick of the 2006 NBA draft. He was later traded to the Houston Rockets for cash considerations. On June 26, 2012, the Minnesota Timberwolves traded the 18th overall pick of the 2012 NBA draft, to the Houston Rockets, in exchange for Chase Budinger and the draft rights to Eliyahu.On July 9, 2019, his draft rights were traded to the Golden State Warriors in exchange for Treveon Graham and Shabazz Napier. Israeli national team Eliyahu was a member of the senior Israeli national team at the 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 EuroBasket tournaments.On May 8, 2018, Eliyahu announced his decision to retire from the Israeli national team.

13161660549382783940

Q6119674

Jacobina Mentz Maurer Jacobina Mentz Maurer (June 1841 or 1842 in Novo Hamburgo – August 2, 1874 in Sapiranga) was a Brazilian religious leader. She led the Revolt of the Muckers that happened in a German community in Brazil. Early life Jacobina Mentz was the daughter of André Mentz and Maria Elisabeth Müller, German immigrants from Tambach-Dietharz, Thuringia, Germany. They arrived in Brazil on November 6, 1824 fleeing religious persecution (both left the Protestant church and established an independent religious community, and then they began to be persecuted by the locals). Their daughter, Jacobina Mentz, was born in Brazil and raised in what is today known as Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, in a rural community composed of religious German immigrants, with both Lutheran and Catholic members. Jacobina's family was responsible for building the first Protestant church in Southern Brazil. On April 26, 1866, Jacobina married João Jorge Maurer, also the son of German immigrants. In the same year, the couple moved from Novo Hamburgo to Ferrabráz, in what is now Sapiranga. The Muckers In 1868, João Maurer had a "divine vision", telling him to abandon the crop in order to be a doctor. Soon after he met healer Buchhorn, who taught him the secrets of medicinal herbs. These Germans lived in an isolated rural community without access to medical care. Therefore, many people used to consult local healers. In 1870, the couple started to receive at home people for meetings of Bible reading around Jacobina. Jacobina suffered from fainting attacks since she was 12 years old and people associated her sleepwalking situation with special powers. Soon, hundreds of people started to follow Jacobina and her teachings. Many people left the local Catholic or Lutheran churches and established a fanatical sect, with Jacobina being their leader. This situation worried the local priests and the members of the community who did not join the others. Then the community was divided into two: those who joined Jacobina were known as Mucker (German for "False Saint") and those who were against Jacobina known as Spötter (debauchee).Jacobina was treated as the manifestation of God. Later people started to see her as the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. Conflicts between the followers of Jacobina (Muckers) and their enemies (Spotters) increased when people began to buy weapons. Policemen raided Jacobina's house and found the weapons. She was arrested during a crisis of lethargy and conducted to São Leopoldo, sleeping for 9 hours. To wake her up, the doctors used stinging needle and tip of knife. However, she only woke up when her followers started singing after 5 hours of attempts. Jacobina was released and received with great affection by the community.People who were against the Muckers started to be murdered. Major conflicts between the community members began to happen. On December 10, 1873 João Maurer, along with two other members, went to then Brazil's capital, Rio de Janeiro, to deliver a petition to the Emperor Pedro II, complaining of police harassment, beatings and insults and moral heritage against other settlers. Representatives of the Empire requested explanations from the authorities of Rio Grande do Sul on the case.On May 4, 1874 happened the great reunion in the Maurer's house, with the estimated presence of 100 to 500 people. Jacobina announced the end of the world and ordered the extermination of 16 enemy families. On June 15 happened the massacre of the Kassel family. The Maurer couple had the arrest warrant decreed. On June 25, 14 houses of enemies were burned and 10 people were killed, including children. Soon there were several conflicts between the Muckers and the Spotters, resulting in violence and several deaths. On June 28, the police attacked, but the Muckers won the conflict. This contributed to the belief of the divinity of Jacobina. After another failed attack, Jacobina succeeded in escaping and hiding Ferrabraz. The end of the conflict occurred on August 2 of that year, when a traitor, Carlos Luppa, led the police to the hideout of Jacobina Mentz, who was killed with the majority of Muckers. The Muckers who survived were tried and released or absorbed on June 16, 1880. Even after Jacobina's death, there are records of the presence of Muckers as late as 1897 and 1898. On October 23-24, 1897 three people were killed and the crime was attributed to the Muckers led by Aurélia Maurer, the daughter of Jacobina. In 1898, a group of 100 Germans murdered 5 Muckers in the region of Nova Petrópolis and Lajeado. Filmography In 1978, filmmaker Jorge Bodansky reproduced the Revolt of the Muckers in the film Os Muckers (in Germany, it was named Jakobine). In 2002, filmmaker Fábio Barreto reproduced the Revolt in the movie A Paixão de Jacobina, with actress Letícia Spiller in the lead role.

18230181111978578754

Q7957280

WXRG History The station began operations March 7, 1972 as WKXL-FM, the FM sister station to WKXL (1450 AM), under the ownership of Frank Estes, who also owned WKXR in Exeter, New Hampshire. In 1980, Estes sold the WKXL stations to a group of station employees. At one point, WKXL-FM offered its own programming (including a contemporary hit radio format), but in 1991 it was converted to a simulcast of the AM side's programming.In 1999, the employee group sold the WKXL stations to Vox Media, who, after buying WRCI (107.7 FM) in nearby Hillsborough several months later, shifted the simulcast to that station; as a result, on January 3, 2000, the station returned to separate programming as a country station, WOTX-FM ("Outlaw Country").In 2004, Vox sold most of its stations in the area to Nassau Broadcasting Partners; however, Nassau could not buy WOTX outright due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ownership restrictions. Nassau did take control of the station under a local marketing agreement, and on February 7, 2005 swapped formats with WNHI (93.3 FM) and became a classic rock station as WWHK ("102.3 The Hawk"), in tandem with a nearby Nassau classic rock station, WWHQ (101.5 FM) in Meredith, New Hampshire.WWHK had planned to drop the classic rock format in favor of sports talk provided by Boston's WEEI in January 2008, but the deal between Nassau and Entercom ended up collapsing. In March 2008, the station shifted from classic rock to a more mainstream rock format.However, in September 2006, the FCC ruled that local marketing agreements and joint sales agreements counted towards the operator's ownership count in a market. Initially, Nassau continued to operate WWHK in violation of this ruling as it attempted to obtain a waiver to buy WWHK outright, but the FCC ruled in April 2008 that Nassau had worked with Arbitron to create a Concord radio market, and barred its purchase of WWHK. Four months later, the FCC ordered Nassau to terminate the joint sales agreement with Capitol Broadcasting (the Vox Media subsidiary that continued to hold the WWHK license while Nassau ran the station). Nassau complied, and on August 22, 2008, Vox reassumed control of the station with a commercial-free rock format. The station switched to classical music in September 2008; soon afterwards, the station went silent.Vox reached a deal to sell WWHK to Andrew Sumereau in 2009. In the interim, Vox returned the station to the air in July, again airing a classic rock loop. In April 2010, the station began simulcasting WTPL (the former WRCI and second WKXL-FM). The sale to Sumereau's company, Birch Broadcasting, was finally completed on June 22, 2011; a week earlier, Vox temporarily signed WWHK off once more. Birch returned the station to the air on June 15, 2012 (after an earlier return on June 8 was ended three days later due to the station's tower not being grounded to safely handle lightning strikes). For nearly two years, 24 hours a day, the station aired rock songs performed in classical style by the group known as the Vitamin String Quartet,In early 2014, Steven Silberberg's Northeast Broadcasting reached a deal to purchase WWHK from Birch Broadcasting. Northeast took control of the station through a local marketing agreement on April 1; soon thereafter, WWHK began broadcasting commercial-free selections from Andover, Massachusetts sister station WXRV's "River Music Hall" performances. On May 2, 2014, WWHK began simulcasting WXRV. However, the station broadcasts separate news, weather, and advertising. WXRV's programming was already available in portions of the Concord-Lakes Region market through WLKC (105.7 FM) in Campton; WWHK is located between the coverage areas of WXRV and WLKC. The sale to licensee Devon Broadcasting Company, Inc., at a price of $425,000, was consummated on June 19, 2014.On March 28, 2016, WWHK changed their call letters to WXRG. WLKC ("105.7 The River") WLKC (105.7 FM), licensed to Campton, New Hampshire has simulcast WXRV since 1999. For a brief time during 2012–13, the station was programmed separately (though retaining the "River" branding and AAA format), before returning to the WXRV simulcast. In 2014, Northeast Broadcasting acquired a second New Hampshire station, WWHK (102.3 FM) in Concord; that station began broadcasting WXRV programming on May 2, 2014, though WWHK broadcasts separate news, weather, and advertising. Later that month, WXRV added a translator in Needham, Massachusetts, W243DC (96.5 FM).

3830107522331877363

Q6741352

Malaria prophylaxis Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development.For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria chemoprevention is recommended. It improves anemia and parasite level in the blood for the pregnant women and the birthweight in their infants. Medications In choosing the agent, it is important to weigh the risk of infection against the risks and side effects associated with the medications. Disruptive prophylaxis An experimental approach involves preventing the parasite from binding with red blood cells by blocking calcium signalling between the parasite and the host cell. Erythrocyte-binding-like proteins (EBLs) and reticulocyte-binding protein homologues (RHs) are both used by specialized P. falciparum organelles known as rhoptries and micronemes to bind with the host cell. Disrupting the binding process can stop the parasite.Monoclonal antibodies were used to interrupt calcium signalling between PfRH1 (an RH protein), EBL protein EBA175 and the host cell. This disruption completely stopped the binding process. Suppressive prophylaxis Chloroquine, proguanil, mefloquine, and doxycycline are suppressive prophylactics. This means that they are only effective at killing the malaria parasite once it has entered the erythrocytic stage (blood stage) of its life cycle, and therefore have no effect until the liver stage is complete. That is why these prophylactics must continue to be taken for four weeks after leaving the area of risk.Mefloquine, doxycycline, and atovaquone-proguanil appear to be equally effective at reducing the risk of malaria for short-term travelers and are similar with regard to their risk of serious side effects. Mefloquine is sometimes preferred due to its once a week dose, however mefloquine is not always as well tolerated when compared with atovaquone-proguanil. There is low-quality evidence suggesting that mefloquine and doxycycline are similar with regards to the number of people who discontinue treatments due to minor side effects. People who take mefloquine may be more likely to experience minor side effects such as sleep disturbances, depressed mood, and an increase in abnormal dreams. There is very low quality evidence indicating that doxycyline use may be associated with an increased risk of indigestion, photosensitivity, vomiting, and yeast infections, when compared with mefloquine and atovaquone-proguanil. Causal prophylaxis Causal prophylactics target not only the blood stages of malaria, but the initial liver stage as well. This means that the user can stop taking the drug seven days after leaving the area of risk. Malarone and primaquine are the only causal prophylactics in current use. Vaccines In November 2012, findings from a Phase III trials of an experimental malaria vaccine known as RTS,S reported that it provided modest protection against both clinical and severe malaria in young infants. The efficacy was about 30% in infants 6 to 12 weeks of age and about 50% in infants 5 to 17 months of age in the first year of the trial.The RTS,S vaccine was engineered using a fusion hepatitis B surface protein containing epitopes of the outer protein of Plasmodium falciparum malaria sporozite, which is produced in yeast cells. It also contains a chemical adjuvant to boost the immune system response. The vaccine is being developed by PATH and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), which has spent about $300 million on the project, plus about $200 million more from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Risk factors Most adults from endemic areas have a degree of long-term infection, which tends to recur, and also possess partial immunity (resistance); the resistance reduces with time, and such adults may become susceptible to severe malaria if they have spent a significant amount of time in non-endemic areas. They are strongly recommended to take full precautions if they return to an endemic area. History Malaria is one of the oldest known pathogens, and began having a major impact on human survival about 10,000 years ago with the birth of agriculture. The development of virulence in the parasite has been demonstrated using genomic mapping of samples from this period, confirming the emergence of genes conferring a reduced risk of developing the malaria infection. References to the disease can be found in manuscripts from ancient Egypt, India and China, illustrating its wide geographical distribution. The first treatment identified is thought to be Quinine, one of four alkaloids from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Originally it was used by the tribes of Ecuador and Peru for treating fevers. Its role in treating malaria was recognised and recorded first by an Augustine monk from Lima, Peru in 1633. Seven years later the drug had reached Europe and was being used widely with the name 'the Jesuit's bark'. From this point onwards the use of Quinine and the public interest in malaria increased, although the compound was not isolated and identified as the active ingredient until 1820. By the mid-1880s the Dutch had grown vast plantations of cinchona trees and monopolised the world market.Quinine remained the only available treatment for malaria until the early 1920s. During the First World War German scientists developed the first synthetic antimalarial compound—Atabrin and this was followed by Resochin and Sontochin derived from 4-aminoquinoline compounds. American troops, on capturing Tunisia during the Second World War, acquired, then altered the drugs to produce Chloroquine.The development of new antimalarial drugs spurred the World Health Organization in 1955 to attempt a global malaria eradication program. This was successful in much of Brazil, the US and Egypt but ultimately failed elsewhere. Efforts to control malaria are still continuing, with the development of drug-resistant parasites presenting increasingly difficult problems.The CDC publishes recommendations for travels advising about the risk of contracting malaria in various countries.Some of the factors in deciding whether to use chemotherapy as malaria pre-exposure prophylaxis include the specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history.

10841839923991802828

Q20713283

Antony Woodward Antony Woodward is a British writer (born 1963). He is best known as the author of the 2001 flying memoir Propellerhead, and the 2010 gardening memoir The Garden in the Clouds, an account of moving with his wife and family to a Welsh mountain-top to create an unlikely garden, Tair-Ffynnon, fit to open to the public. Previously, Woodward worked as an advertising copywriter at various London advertising agencies including Collett Dickenson Pearce (CDP). Early life Woodward was born in Bristol and grew up in the Mendip Hills in Somerset. His father, Dr Peter Woodward, was an x-ray crystallographer and lecturer in inorganic chemistry at Bristol University. His mother, Dr Elizabeth Davies (granddaughter of Liberal politician Sir William Howell Davies) was a botanical geneticist. Woodward's mother was wheelchair-bound following a riding accident in 1968. It was this fact, according to Woodward, along with growing up in a Modernist house, which drove the craving for wildness he describes in The Garden in the Clouds. Education Woodward was educated at Eton and Selwyn College, Cambridge (where he was an Exhibitioner). Aged 28 he went to St Peter's College, Oxford as a postgraduate to study History of Art, also attending Florence University on an Italian Institute scholarship, before completing an MA in Architectural History at the Courtauld Institute of Art in 1993. Career From 1986 to 1991 Woodward worked as an advertising copywriter at Mavity Gilmore Jaume, Still Price Court Twivy D'Souza and Collett Dickenson Pearce. After two years as a postgraduate, Woodward returned to copywriting from 1994 to 2001 (Ammirati Puris Lintas, Publicis) while writing his first book.He has also written columns for the Independent on Sunday, Perspectives on Architecture, Tatler and Country Life Personal life Woodward had a near-death escape in 1996 when he crashed his microlight aircraft into electricity cables near Lockerbie during the 1996 Round Britain Rally – an event recounted in Propellerhead.Woodward is married to Verity Williams, a former board director of the advertising agency AMV BBDO. They have three children. Propellerhead On publication different commentators said the book reminded them of the writings of Redmond O'Hanlon, Roger Deakin, Jonathan Raban and T.H.White. Propellerhead made several best-seller lists and was critically well received. 'What Nick Hornby did for football, Antony Woodward has done for flying ... Wonderful' (Observer). ‘Woodward has a gift for storytelling and comic timing and his acute awareness of the absurdities of maleness make this an impossible book not to like’ (Independent). 'Hugely engaging ... a true love affair, albeit with clouds and air' (Sunday Telegraph). 'A brilliant evocation of the thrill and romance of the sport' (Sunday Express). Propellerhead has remained continuously in print since publication and on its tenth anniversary, in 2011, was described by Pilot magazine as 'one of the best books ever written about flying'. The Wrong Kind of Snow ‘Jam-packed with grand themes, first-rate and really well-researched … a fascinating book, based on a very clever idea and very intelligently done' said the Daily Mail. 'Endlessly fascinating, written with flair and a feel for the drama of the moment' said the Financial Times. The Garden in the Clouds ‘A side-splitting brilliance, that only a truly gifted writer can achieve … up there with Proust as a shimmering example of classic remembrance of things past' said the Daily Mail. ‘You start to see where all gardeners get their pleasures and compulsions’ – The Times. 'I set out determined to dislike the book, and I completely failed to do so. There can be no higher praise than that.' – The Spectator.The Garden in the Clouds was a winner of the National Trust and Hay Festival Outdoors Books of the Year 2011, was a Book of the Year in The Spectator, The Times and The Tablet and was shortlisted for the Banff Mountain Book Prize. Garden (Tair-Ffynnon)(The Garden in the Clouds) In 2007, Tair-Ffynnon, the six-acre smallholding in the Brecon Beacons which became the subject of The Garden in the Clouds, was accepted into The Yellow Book of gardens opening under the National Gardens Scheme for charity.At just over 1,200 feet, Woodward has claimed the garden is the highest in the UK, although this has been disputed.Woodward has cited the influence of Derek Jarman's garden in Dungeness, for its simplicity, sense of place and limited range of local, often wild, plants, herbs and flowers. He has claimed that Tair-Ffynnon is, in his phrase, a ‘not garden’, because conventional garden features such as lawns, beds, shrubs, even plants, deliberately have no place in it. ‘Tair-Ffynnon already was a garden – at least to me. It needed no embellishment. Our “garden” would consist merely of the existing idioms of the hill: the spring, walls, gates, wildflower meadows, stone piles, rusting farm implements. The views and clouds could do the rest.’ The garden’s few ‘features’ are site-specific, hill-top ones: an ‘infinity vegetable patch’; clipped box balls ‘rolling’ down through a wild flower meadow; part of the Anglo-Welsh poet Edward Thomas's ‘The Lofty Sky’ painted onto the wall of a barn facing a take-off point for hang gliders and paragliders. Some commentators have declared the garden ‘non-existent’.In 2011 Tair-Ffynnon featured on ITV's Countrywise (ITV 14 June 2011) and in 2013 the garden was included in the book The Gardens of England: Treasures of the National Gardens Scheme (2013). Television In 2011 Woodward was followed for the BBC 'Wonderland' documentary 'The Real Magnificent Men and Their Flying Machines'. The programme featured three competing teams as they prepared for and entered the British Microlight Aircraft Association's Round Britain Rally. The event was significant because it was the same rally in which Woodward had crashed so disastrously 15 years earlier and also because it marked the centenary of the original Daily Mail Circuit of Britain Air Race in 1911. Explaining his decision to re-enter the race, aged 48, as a 'routine midlife crisis', the film demonstrated Woodward's extreme incompetence in the air.The film, especially Woodward's definition of a microlight as 'a chainsaw attached to a deckchair', sparked heated debate within the microlighting fraternity between the 'nutters or eccentrics' on one side and the more serious-minded, anxious to demonstrate the credibility of the sport, on the other.

10461061090088106518

Q3021825

Denkoroku Contents Dharma transmissions covered 28 ancestors from India and 23 from China, followed by Dōgen and Ejō in Japan. Out of modesty and his sense of propriety, Keizan, the 54th ancestor, omitted himself and Tettsu Gikai, one of his teachers who was a student of Ejō and was still alive in 1300. Each chapter is a few pages, except in a couple cases where the author wants to explain a point.The format for each koan account is in four parts: (1) the main koan case that is the enlightenment encounter between master and disciple, (2) a brief biographical account on the life of the disciple including context for the encounter, (3) Keizan's teisho or commentary on the koan, and (4) a verse written by Keizan summarizing the point, following the Zen tradition of understanding presented by the master or disciple in poetry.The book is not true in a strictly historical sense: for example, Bodhidharma is probably a mythical figure, the Sixth Patriarch was probably not Huineng, and someone else probably wrote the Platform Sutra. Instead Denkōroku may be read as true in the sense that great novels like Moby-Dick or The Great Gatsby are true. Keizan included fantastical or magical details from the lives of some ancestors, especially those in India, which audiences in times past may have appreciated but which today might be met with skepticism.The following summary is taken from the Cook translation table of contents, with names according to Thomas Cleary in parentheses. India Keizan begins with Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, followed by his disciple Mahākāśhyapa (Kasyapa), and then Ananda, both of whom knew Buddha before he died. Following are Shanavasa, Upagupta, Dhritaka (Dhrtaka), Micchaka, Vasumitra, Buddhanandi, Buddhamitra (Punyamitra), Parshva, Punyayashas, Ashvaghosa (Ashvaghosha), and Kapimala. Then comes Nagarjuna, Kanadeva, Rahulata, Sanghanandi, Gayashata (Jayashata), Kumarata, Jayata, Vasubandhu, Manorhita (Manora), Haklenayashas (Haklena), Aryasimha (Sinha), Basiasita (Vashashita), Punyamitra, and Prajnatara. Finally, Bodhidharma was the 28th ancestor from India. China Following Bodhidharma, Dazu Huike (Huike [Shenguang]) was the 29th ancestor, the 2nd in China. Following are Jianzhi Sengcan (Sengcan), Dayi Daoxin (Daoxin), Daman Hongren (Hongren), Dajian Huineng (Huineng), Qingyuan Xingsi (Qingyuan), Shitou Xiqian (Shitou), Yaoshan Weiyan (Yaoshan), Yunyan Tansheng (Yunyan), Dongshan Liangjie (Dongshan), Yunhju Daoying (Yunju), Tongan Daopi (Daopi), Tongan Guanzhi (Tongan), Liangshan Yuanguan (Liangshan), Dayang Jingxuan (Dayang), Touzi Yiqing (Touzi), Furong Daokai (Daokai), Danxia Zichun (Danxia), Zhenxie Qingliao (Wukong), Tiantong Zongjue (Zongjue), Xuedou Zhijian (Zhijian), and Tiantong Rujing (Rujing). Japan The 51st ancestor was Eihei Dogen who traveled from Japan to China and back. The 52nd ancestor was his student, Koun Ejō. Authorship Keizan originally gave this series of 53 Dharma talks to the monks of the Daijō-ji monastery during spring and the following winter ango practice periods. Keizan was 36 years old at the time.According to one translator, Francis Cook, there is some controversy and "uneasiness" about authorship. At first, the work was hidden from the public eye for nearly 600 years. A monk named Sen'ei was the first to publish it, in 1857, or 557 years after it was written. Then in 1886, Yoshida Gizan published an annotated edition in Kyoto. In 1885, Sōji-ji published what is called the Honzan edition, based on a manuscript copy owned by a private collector. The oldest existing manuscript copy was found in 1959. It is thought to have been copied during the late to mid-15th century. Komazawa University published a catalog in 1962, which listed 11 copies. By 1976, 19 copies were known—some of them verified and some not. Some of these copies were known to no longer exist. Okubo Doshu, a noted Dogen scholar, doubted the work's author for a number of reasons, including discrepancies in the last two chapters, along with the absence of a historical record attributing what is a major work to Keizan. But neither he nor any other scholar has ever come out to say that Keizan is not the author, so the consensus remains to attribute the work to Keizan. Author While Dōgen is held to be the school's founder, Keizan was in large part responsible for the flourishing of Sōtō Zen. He resisted the purist approach taken by Dōgen who preferred to teach and write; he took care to serve his congregation who might have dead or dying relatives; he founded new monasteries and temples; and he attracted followers like Gashau and Meiho who became his successors. Today Sōtō Zen remains one of the largest Buddhist organizations in Japan. Reaction One translator, Cleary, writes:One of the proverbial guidelines for Zen study is: "First awaken on your own, then see someone else." As a handbook of method, Transmission of Light is a classic guide to "awakening on your own." As a collection of criteria, it is a way to "see someone else."

11114343825599119491

Q987956

Eclipse of the Crescent Moon Background The story is set in the first half of the 16th century and covers a period of roughly 25 years. The main historical events that are addressed are the bloodless occupation of Buda, the seat of the Hungarian kings, in 1541, and the 1552 Siege of Eger (now in Northern Hungary) by the Turks that forms the major topic of the novel. The story also addresses some other historical topics like the impact of the Reformation, the discord between Hungarians and the Holy Roman Emperor, as well as many themes of general import like mercy, filial and marital love, friendship, trust and truthfulness.Most characters of the book are historical figures, notably the hero Gergely Bornemissza himself, though most of them have been strongly romanticized according to the author's intentions. Gergely's life story in the novel is almost fully invented, except for his role as an officer during the siege of Eger. Éva Cecey, Gergely's love and later wife, is fictional; her portrayal in the novel is based on Gárdonyi's "ideal woman". Plot summary The novel consists of five parts that tell the life of Gergely Bornemissza from the age of eight until the year 1552, when he is in his early thirties.I. Gergely is a half-orphan and son of a poor woman, while Éva Cecey is the daughter of a landowner. They are nevertheless playmates. While playing in the woods, the two children are captured by a Turk named Jumurdzsák and have to join a trek of prisoners. Due to the cunning of little Gergely, the two children are able to escape and later also to free the other prisoners. Gergely's mother dies in a raid by the Turks, but the little boy is adopted as a foster son by the rich aristocrat Bálint Török, where he gets a good education.II. Several years later, Gergely has to experience that Buda is captured by the Turks through deceit and his foster father Bálint Török is led away prisoner. Gergely meets Éva again, who has become a pretty young girl. III. Gergely learns that Éva who is an excellent rider and fighter is to be married to the cowardly Adam Fürjes at the request of the queen. They flee together and get married. Together with some friends they plan to free Bálint Török from his prison in Istanbul. They go to the Ottoman city, but despite many adventures, they finally fail in freeing the Hungarian aristocrat.IV. It is 1552, a force about 200,000 Turks is approaching the little town of Eger, the citadel of which is only defended by 2000 soldiers. István Dobó, captain of the citadel, calls on the troops of the emperor for aid, but no-one arrives. Gergely joins the forces who are preparing to fight in Eger, while leaving Éva home with their little son. Shortly after he has left, a stranger arrives and kidnaps the little boy. Éva realizes that the stranger must have been the Turk Jumurdzsák. She understands that there must be a connection with the siege of Eger, so she masquerades as a man and tries to enter the besieged castle.V. Even though the forces of the Turks are overwhelming, the Hungarians in Eger are able to defend themselves. Eger's strong walls and the high morale of its defenders allows the fortress to withstand five major assaults and continuous cannon fire - almost 12,000 cannonballs land inside the fortress before the siege ended. In a stroke of unparalleled ingenuity, Bornemissza devises primitive but lethal grenades and powder keg sized bombs to use against the attackers, as well as a water-mill wheel packed with gunpowder which he rolls into the Ottoman ranks. Éva finally arrives at Eger. Though the Ottomans attack again and again, the citadel stands firm, with also the women of Eger joining the battle. Finally, the Ottoman forces withdraw. Gergely's and Éva's little son is exchanged for a Turkish boy who has been captured, and the family is finally reunited.

14306059384710496614

Q156603

Oliver Twins History Philip and Andrew Oliver first began programming computer games while at school (Clarendon School in Trowbridge), having their first game published as written code in Computer and Video Games Magazine in 1983. The same year they won first prize in a national TV competition (The Saturday Show) to design a computer game. Their first very successful game, Super Robin Hood for the Amstrad CPC, was published in 1985 by Codemasters. Codemasters The Codemasters publishing relationship led to the origin of the Dizzy series and the Simulator series. Whilst with Codemasters, they were responsible for over 10 UK number one best sellers and over 3 million sales. In 1986, it was reported that an estimated 7% of all UK games sales were attributable to the Oliver Twins. Interactive Studios (Blitz Games Studios) In 1990, at the age of 22, they started Interactive Studios, later called Blitz Games Studios. Apart from their own games, the Oliver Twins were also responsible for porting a number of other prominent games to the Sega platforms, including Theme Park and Syndicate.After 23 years, Blitz Games folded in 2013, with the loss of 175 staff, and owing millions to creditors. Radiant Worlds In October 2013 they founded Radiant Worlds, based in Leamington Spa, UK, with long time friend and colleague Richard Smithies to develop SkySaga: Infinite Isles for Korean-based Smilegate. SkySaga was an ambitious online voxel based game based on an original concept by members of the Blitz Games Studios team. In August 2017 Smilegate put SkySaga on hold and the Olivers and Smithies put the company up for sale. In January 2018, Rebellion, a UK games developer and publisher purchased the company and renamed it to Rebellion (Warwick). The twins remained with Rebellion until February 2019, at which point they left to form a game consultancy business. Dizzy revival In 2015 the Oliver Twins released Wonderland Dizzy, which they had written 22 years earlier but had forgotten about. The game was originally made for the NES, but released online and free to play. In 2016, they released a second lost Dizzy game, Mystery World Dizzy, which was originally scheduled for release on the Nintendo in 1993. In May 2017 the twins announced they would be working on a new Dizzy game, their first for over 20 years. In a fun video for the ZX Spectrum Next Kickstarter campaign they revealed the game would be inspired by the classic The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by author L. Frank Baum, and would be called Wonderful Dizzy. Leadership Both of the Olivers take an active role in supporting the UK games industry. Philip Oliver is one of the founders of developers' trade body TIGA and has served as an active board member (currently a director) since its inception in 2001. He was also a director on the board for e-skills UK for several years.The brothers received honorary doctorates in 2008 from Coventry University (in business administration (DBA) and technology (DTech) for Philip and Andrew respectively) in recognition of their contribution to the growth of the electronic games industry both regionally and internationally, and were honoured as Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts in 2010.After Philip attended the launch of the UK Government's Next Gen Report (also known as the Livingstone-Hope Report) in February 2011 about challenges faced by the UK Games industry, he established Made in Creative UK which with Andrew they run as a not for profit campaign to raise awareness of the world class game developers and digital creatives developers based in the UK. The campaign has over 350 supporting companies and many high-profile supporters, including Sajid Javid MP (Culture Secretary & Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills) The Oliver Twins' early games and story inspired many people to develop video games as a career, and this was captured in Chris Wilkins and Roger Kean’s book Let’s go Dizzy: The Story of The Oliver Twins published December 2016 through Fusion Retro Books.A video shot at the launch of the book entitled Videogame Legends – Computerphile prompted Markus Persson ‘Notch’, the creator of Minecraft, to tweet that he was one of those inspired by the Oliver Twins games “I grew up loving and being inspired by their work.” In September 2018 the Guinness World Records awarded the Oliver Twins "Most Prolific 8-bit videogame developers", adding "Philip and Andrew Oliver (aka The Oliver Twins) developed 26 commercially released games for 8-bit computers and consoles from 1984-1992, and they designed 35 overall. Taking into account the many different platforms at that time - notably the Dragon 32, BBC Micro, Amstrad CPC, Spectrum, Commodore 64, NES, Master System and Game Gear - they actively wrote 49 released 8 bit games, they also produced titles that never saw the light of day. During that time they had 14 number one games for the Amstrad CPC series of computers and 12 number ones on the Spectrum. They also produced Dizzy, one of the most iconic characters on 8-bit computers. They are still active in the UK games Industry. Their first game was Road Runner, which was published as a type-in in C&VG in 1983."

17940079677792613011

Q8213503

Arswendo Atmowiloto Early life and education Arswendo was born as Sarwendo in Surakarta, Central Java on 26 November 1948. He later changed his forename to Arswendo and adopted his father's name, Atmowiloto, as a surname. After graduating from high school, Arswendo enrolled at the faculty of language and literature at a teacher's institute in Surakarta, but he did not complete his degree. He also undertook a creative writing course at the University of Iowa. Career After he dropped out, Arswendo worked at various jobs, including in factories and as a ball boy. In 1971, he published his first short story, titled Sleko, in the Bahari magazine. Starting in 1972, he became the chair of the literature workshop at the Central Java cultural center in Solo, and by 1974 he had started working as a consultant to publishing house Subentra Citra Media. During the 1970s, Arswendo wrote Keluarga Cemara, a popular tale of a small family living away from Jakarta, which was later adapted into telenovela and film forms.During the 1980s, Arswendo wrote novel adaptations of the films Serangan Fajar and Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI. By 1986, Arswendo had became the chief editor of the Monitor magazine and in 1988 also joined the editorial team of the Senang magazine. The former was initially a newspaper, which Arswendo turned into a tabloid-format publication covering movies, television, and entertainment topics, with great success. Tempo wrote in 1990 that Arswendo was "Indonesia's most productive writer". Monitor affair and prison On 15 October 1990, Monitor printed a list titled "Here We Are: 50 Figures Most Admired by Our Readers". Out of the 50 figures in the list, Arswendo himself ranked 10th, placed right above Muhammad (11th). This particular placement resulted in criticism from Muslim leaders and figures (with the notable exception of Abdurrahman Wahid, who argued that Monitor had a right to publish). Angry calls and various protests began to reach Monitor's office as soon as 17 October, just two days after the publication.Arswendo made a public appearance on television on 19 October, publicly apologizing for publishing the poll results "without editing", with the tabloid issuing statements of apology in major newspapers across the country. The following day, major protests occurred in Jakarta and Bandung, and staff members of Monitor began to evacuate the publication office's inventory on the night of 21 October, with the edition of 22 October of Monitor being largely filled with apologetic statements. On 22 October, groups of young Muslim protested on the streets and ransacked Monitor's office. Monitor, which then had a circulation of 470,000–720,000, discontinued publication after it lost its government-issued license (with the license revoked on 23 October by then-Minister of Information Harmoko, who was a shareholder of Monitor) and Arswendo was dismissed from Gramedia. Local press around the time described Arswendo as "the Salman Rushdie of Indonesia".He was officially taken into police custody on 26 October 1990, though he noted in an interview that he was not imprisoned prior to his sentencing – except for one day during a media visit. By April 1991, Arswendo was charged with subversion, and was sentenced to five years in prison. The court noted that Arswendo was responsible for the poll results and could have edited them to prevent any provocation of his young readers. His trial was one of the most well-guarded trials in Indonesian history, with Tempo reporting that around 1,000 security personnel were involved in guarding the proceedings.During his time in prison, Arswendo continued to produce literary works, writing stories themed around absurdities and humorous anecdotes. One of his in-prison works, Menghitung Hari, which was themed on prison life, was published in 1993, and by 1995 was adapted as a telenovela on SCTV. On that year, the show received an award as the best show, and it was reported that celebrations were held in the prison. In total, he wrote around 20 books during his sentence, mostly under pseudonyms. Arswendo was released from prison in August 1993. Post-prison Arswendo returned to literature and journalism after his release, first leading the previously struggling tabloid Bintang Indonesia for three years before founding his own media company Atmo Bismo Sangotrah in 1998. The company published several tabloids, including a children's tabloid Bianglala, Ina (later Ino), and Pro-TV, though only Ino continued in publication following the departure of one of Arswendo's business partners. Illness and death Arswendo died on 19 July 2019 at his home in Jakarta, about three weeks after an announcement that he had been suffering from prostate cancer for several months. His body was buried the following day at the San Diego Hills cemetery in Karawang. Personal life Arswendo was a Roman Catholic. He married Agnes Sri Hartini in 1971, and had three children.

7533644547418655563

Q20968612

Cyril A. Stebbins Biography Cyril Stebbins was born in Harrisville, Wisconsin on June 20, 1880, the son of A. O. Stebbins, of English descent, and Bessie Fuller. His family moved to South Dakota and then Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he attended North Community High School, playing on the baseball and football teams and graduating in 1898. Soon after, he moved to Chico, California, and entered the Chico State Normal School (now California State University, Chico), graduating from that institution in 1900. During the majority of the next decade, Stebbins taught at several schools in Glenn, Colusa, and Solano counties. He first became a teacher in the schools of Glenn County, and later became principal of a school in Arbuckle, and remained in that city three years; from there he filled the position of principal of the grammar schools in Dixon for one year; finally he became an instructor in the Chico State Normal for three years. Stebbins then entered the University of California in Berkeley, and in 1910 received his degree of bachelor of science, and was appointed as instructor in the Agricultural Educational Division of the University. He taught in this department for two years, in the meantime receiving his master's degree, in 1912. During his time at Berkeley he organized a community garden project where local children grew fruits and vegetables for profit. In 1913 he returned to Chico to become the head of the Biological Science Division of the State Normal. Upon his departure from Berkeley, two petitions were filed to the U.C. Regents–one from parents and one from children–urging that he be retained and given sufficient funding to continue his work on the children's gardening projects.Stebbins was active in youth education and employment. During his activities as one of the directors of the California State Fair, he initiated the idea of an industrial vocational department for grammar and high school boys. It was instituted in the annual State Fair in 1916, with Stebbins in charge, premiums aggregating a thousand dollars being offered that year. The development and success of the undertaking warranted premiums totaling two thousand dollars the following year, and it became one of the most popular attractions, and the exhibit became a permanent part of the fair. His contributions to industrial and vocational education, include Principles of Agriculture Through the Home and the School Garden, a three-hundred-page volume; and, with Ernest Brown Babcock, Elementary School Agriculture, both published by the Macmillan Company. He was also editor of The Junior Agriculturist, published in Chico. Incident to his scientific pursuits, Stebbins occasionally contributed articles to the Nature Study Review, the San Francisco Call; the Agricultural Journal, Town and Orchard, and other agricultural and educational journals.In 1917, Stebbins was appointed by the Federal Government as Regional Director of the United States School Garden Army for the Western States, for which he wrote curriculum and promoted the United States School Garden movement. Being detailed by the Commissioner of Education at Washington, he edited a series of films dealing with agriculture and gardening, which were widely distributed in theaters and in schools, to supplement the use of textbooks in gardening and agriculture. California Governor Hiram Johnson appointed Stebbins a member of the Recreation Inquiry Committee. The committee made a recreation survey of California and published its findings in a bulletin published by the State for general distribution and given a wide circulation.Stebbins was a state chairman of the School Garden Association of America; a member of the California Peach Growers' Association, in which he was trustee for the Butte County Association; and a member of the California Prune and Apricot Growers Association and the California Almond Growers Association. Personal life and family In Berkeley, Stebbins married Louise Beck, born in Switzerland and educated in California's public schools and the State Normal School. In the Chico area, the Stebbins family lived on a 15-acre small-scale ranch where they grew almonds, and plums, then later moved to a 20-acre ranch and primarily grew almonds, peaches, and watermelons. Around 1924, Stebbins and his family moved to Southern California, living first in Pomona, then in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, where Stebbins taught hygiene and agriculture at North Hollywood High School. Cyril and Louise had seven children; three boys and four girls. Their eldest child, Robert, would become a noted herpetologist and illustrator, and would co-author several field guides to birds with Cyril; in 1941 their first co-production, What Bird is That?, was printed in the family garage in Van Nuys. Stebbins died in 1953 and is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills).

42489461080285110

Q432932

Alexandra Popp Club Popp started her career at FC Silschede, playing there in mixed-gender teams until she reached the age limit of 14. Later she changed to 1. FFC Recklinghausen and played three years before joining the Bundesliga side FCR 2001 Duisburg in 2008. She had also been approached by French champions Olympique Lyonnais at the time, but chose Duisburg. Popp made her Bundesliga debut in September 2008 against Herforder SV and scored her first two goals three weeks later in an 8–0 win over TSV Crailsheim.In her first year at Duisburg, Popp won the Double: the 2009 UEFA Women's Cup and the 2009 German Cup. She was awarded the 2009 Fritz Walter medal in silver as the year's second best female junior player. One year later, she again claimed the German Cup title and finished runner-up with Duisburg in the 2009–10 Bundesliga season. Because Duisburg had major injury worries during the 2010-11 season, Popp played the majority of matches at left back.In the 2012-13 season she moved with her club teammate Luisa Wensing to VfL Wolfsburg. In her first season there she won the Treble (association football) with the Frauen-Bundesliga championship, the DFB-Pokal Frauen and the UEFA Women's Champions League.A year later Wolfsburg successfully defended their title the UEFA Women's Euro 2013. For the Bundesliga championship, it came down to a match on the final day of the season against the previously unbeaten 1. FFC Frankfurt. Frankfurt needed only a draw to win the championship, while Wolfsburg needed to win. Popp scored the winning goal in the 89th minute, and Wolfsburg was again victorious in the DFB-Pokal. International At the 2008 UEFA U-17 Women's Championship, Popp won her first international title with Germany, scoring the team's second goal in the final. The same year, she reached third-place at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. In February 2010, Popp made her debut for Germany's senior national team in a friendly match against North Korea. Less than two weeks later she scored her first two international goals at the 2010 Algarve Cup in a 7–0 win over Finland.Popp returned to junior competition for the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, which was held on home soil in Germany. She won the title with the German team and was the tournament's break-out star, being honoured as the best player and top goalscorer. She scored in every game, and with ten goals she holds the scoring record for that tournament (together with Sydney Leroux and Christine Sinclair).Popp was then called up for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup squad. She played in all four games for the host nation, coming on as a substitute, but the Germans placed only sixth, defeated in extra time by eventual champions Japan. Later that year, she played in the European Championship qualifier against Kazakhstan, where she and teammate Célia Šašić (nee Okoyino da Mbabi) each contributed four goals to a record 17-0 victory. With this achievement she became the seventh German woman to score four goals in an international game.On May 24, 2015, Silvia Neid named Popp to the senior team for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. In Canada the team reached fourth place, defeating seeded teams Sweden and France but again falling to the eventual champions, the United States. Popp started in four of the team's seven games, scoring once.Popp was called up again for the 2016 Summer Olympics, where Germany won the gold medal. She played in all six games, contributing a goal and two assists. Each player on the team received a Silbernes Lorbeerblatt, Germany's highest sports honor, for their performance.In the UEFA Women's Euro 2017 tournament she played with the senior team, losing in the quarterfinals to Denmark.She is the captain of the squad for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. She played every minute of the group stage games and scored a header versus South Africa. She made her 100th appearance for Germany on 22 June 2019, where she also scored the first goal against Nigeria. Personal life Popp attended Gesamtschule Berger Feld in Gelsenkirchen, one of four facilities certified as "elite schools of football" by the German Football Association. She was the school's sole female pupil and could only attend courtesy of a special permit. She studied and trained with junior players of the German men's Bundesliga side FC Schalke 04. Popp left school after the 12th grade with a Fachabitur diploma. Following a one-year internship at a physiotherapist, Popp successfully completed a three-year apprenticeship to become a zookeeper at Tierpark Essehof in Lehre.In interviews she has declared herself a fan of Borussia Dortmund.

14270866527205722023

Q6771770

Marles steering gear Marles steering gear was an hour-glass-and-roller steering gear for mechanically propelled vehicles invented by British inventor and businessman Henry Marles (1871-1955) who also gave his name to his joint-venture Ransome & Marles a major British ball-bearing manufacturer. Aside from ease of use Marles' steering's great appeal to drivers was its lack of backlash.Invented in 1913 it became common from the 1920s until the mid 1950s. In USA when power-steering becoming popular in the 1950s it was mainly replaced by worm and recirculating-ball nut steering —which incorporated ball-bearings. In Europe Marles' design was replaced by a general move to rack-and-pinion steering gear. Description A pair of opposed cams or cam surfaces connected to the steering column operate a transverse rocker shaft carrying the vehicle's steering arm. The point of difference was the use of purely rolling contact and not sliding contact in the meshing elements of a worm-and-follower steering gear.Ultimately its most popular form was an hour-glass shaped worm which engages with a double-toothed roller follower on the rocker shaft for the steering arm. The result is that substantially the same leverage is provided from one steering lock to the other. Marles Variomatic Marles Variomatic is the trademark name of an automotive power steering system of the 1960s and 70s, which was characterised by its variable steering ratio. It was developed in 1961 by the Adwest Engineering Co Ltd of Reading, England, in conjunction with the Bendix Corporation. The Adwest product was fitted to several British luxury automobiles of the era, including; the Aston Martin V8, Daimler Sovereign, Jaguar 420 and Rover P6B 3500S. Overview The Variomatic is essentially a refinement of the power assisted "cam and roller" type of steering, being referred to instead as "hour glass and roller". The steering box contains an "hour glass" cam machined with a varying helix angle to provide the variable steering ratio. In common with other power steering systems, control of power assistance in response to steering inputs is via a hydraulic control valve in the input shaft of the cam. Pressurised hydraulic fluid is supplied to the system by a separate hydraulic pump. Steering box The hydraulic assistance is supplied by a servo piston operating in a cylinder integral with the steering box casting. The teeth of a rack projecting from the piston mesh with a sector of a spur gear machined into the sector shaft. A roller in the sector shaft meshes with the helical track on the cam, and the two together are responsible for providing the variable ratio. No external lockstops are provided as they are incorporated into the steering box. Control valve In common with other power steering systems, the control valve is of the rotary type and consists of a valve rotor and torsion bar. The valve rotor is the input shaft to the steering gear and has six longitudinal grooves machined into its outer surface. When no load is applied to the steering wheel, these grooves lie between six grooves in the valve sleeve and no hydraulic assistance is applied.When steering effort is applied at the wheel it is transmitted to the rotor, which transmits the effort to the hour glass cam by means of the torsion bar. The rotor is normally centred in its sleeve by the torsion bar but manual steering effort twists the torsion bar, permitting the rotor to turn within its sleeve, opening the way for hydraulic fluid pressure to be applied to one or other side of the servo piston, thus assisting in turning the front wheels. Pressure pump The hydraulic pump is of the vaned rotor type, typically of Saginaw manufacture, and is connected to the steering box via flexible feed and return hoses. The fluid reservoir is incorporated in the pump's end cover. Typical system operating pressures are in the range 7.8 - 8.8 MPa, the operating medium being automatic transmission fluid. Operation The varying pitch of the cam results in the variable steering ratio, with the lowest gearing being at the straight ahead, rising rapidly to either lock. The rise in gearing (which in the Jaguar 420 was equivalent to a drop in ratio from 21.6:1 to 13:1) occurs almost entirely within the first half turn of the steering wheel from the straight ahead position. The effect is to give very light and relaxed steering at the straight ahead, with increased reaction when cornering. Benefits and drawbacks The major benefit of the Variomatic system is the reduction in the amount of "arm twirling" and effort required when steering, particularly when a lot of cornering is involved. For example, the Variomatic system fitted as an option to the Jaguar 420 required only 2-7/8 turns of the steering wheel from lock to lock, which compares favourably with 4-1/4 turns between locks for the manual Burman F.3 recirculating ball system that was standard fitment on the 420, and 3-1/4 turns for the constant ratio Burman power steering system optional on the 420's predecessor, the Jaguar S-Type.Whilst advanced for its time, the Variomatic system did have certain drawbacks. It was more complicated and expensive than a constant ratio power assisted system. The Variomatic system was also criticised for feeling too light at high speed, when greater weighting tends to give the driver more confidence in making fine steering adjustments. Later systems by other manufacturers would adjust the behaviour of the steering in reaction to road speed. Crown bottle top Henry Marles also patented an improved crown bottle top in 1906 and bottles no longer required a special opener.

16328022545500800120

Q14474377

Rafiath Rashid Mithila Early life and education Mithila completed her undergrad and Master's in Political Science at the University of Dhaka. She completed her second Masters in Early Childhood Developmentfrom BRAC University. She was a valedictorian and achieved the Chancellor's Gold Medal for her academic performance in her Master's degree in BRAC University in 2016. She took kathak, monipuri and bharat natyam dance lessons in Benuka Dance Academy and got trained in Nazrul geeti in Hindol music academy. She was a student of the art school Nandan. Some of her oil paintings were displayed in Drik Gallery in a group exhibition. She also performed for People's Theater Group as a theater artist in her childhood. Career in audio-visual media Mithila started her modeling career in 2002 with the cultural and fashion shows of fashion house Neelanjana Palli. She appeared in TV commercials/ads and became the brand ambassador for many eminent brands and products, such as: Jui coconut oil, Robi, Banglalink, Hayes and Haier, Meril baby products, Bajaj hair oil, Close up tooth paste, Huawei etc. She was the model in the music videos Moyna Go and Ghum by the musician Habib Wahid and 'Ki Hole Ki Hoto' by Arnob.Mithila acted in the television serial "House Full", directed by Redoan Rony and Iftakher Ahmed Fahmi. She attained popularity for her role in the Houseful TV series. Mithila acted in various popular dramas and telefilms including X-Factor, Land phone er din gulote prem, Denmohor etc.Mithila also hosts country's one of the most popular celebrity talk shows 'Amar Ami' on Banglavision. She has sung many songs including title tracks of telefilms and has written lyrics of many popular songs. Career in development sector Rafiath Rashid Mithila has eleven years of experience working in the development sector. Currently, she is working as the Head of Early Childhood Development in BRAC International. She possesses extensive experience in project development, research, and teaching in the field of education and early childhood development. She has closely worked with the marginalized and excluded groups in Africa and Asia, and have designed and implemented innovative, cost-effective and sustainable education. She has worked in Bangladesh, Nepal, Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. She is also in the core team for designing and implementing a play based ECD model in Uganda and Tanzania.She is an active advocate of women and children's rights in Bangladesh.She has also worked as a goodwill ambassador for the ‘Safe Internet for Children’ campaign run by Grameen Phone (Telenor) (2014 – 2015) in Bangladesh. She designed and hosted country’s first radio show on positive parenting in early childhood development named 'Berey Othar Golpo' on Radio Shadhin. Career in academia Mithila worked as a lecturer in Northern University Bangladesh. She taught English Literature at the high school in Scholastica. She has worked as a Tutor in AVID (Advancement Via Individual Determination) program at the Minneapolis Public School District in USA. Mithila has also worked as a guest faculty in the Dept. of Early Childhood Development in BRAC University.Rafiath Rashid Mithila also writes in academic and non-academic platforms such as: journals, blogs, newspapers etc. Apart from writing lyrics and poems, she has recently focused her interest in writing children's story books and has already published a set of two books for early years (1 to 5 years old) children. Her books are: 'School er Prothom Din' for 3 to 5 years old children and 'Laal Balloon' for 1 to 3 years old childre. Personal life Mithila met Tahsan Rahman Khan, a musician, in 2004, and they married on 6 August 2006. Together they have a daughter, Ayra Tehreem Khan (b. 2013). In July 2017, on a Facebook post, the couple announced their divorce.

3098144201910154797

Q216533

Queen Elizabeth Islands The Queen Elizabeth Islands (French: Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth; formerly Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago) are the northernmost cluster of islands in Canada's Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories in Northern Canada. The Queen Elizabeth Islands contain approximately 14% of the global glacier and ice cap area. (excluding the inland and shelf ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica). Major islands Many of the islands are among the largest in the world, the largest being Ellesmere Island. Other major islands include Amund Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Bathurst Island, Borden Island, Cornwall Island, Cornwallis Island, Devon Island, Eglinton Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Mackenzie King Island, Melville Island, and Prince Patrick Island. Smaller islands Other smaller but notable islands include; Beechey Island (74°43′N 091°51′W), which held the graves of Petty Officer John Torrington, Royal Marine Private William Braine, and Able Seaman John Hartnell, three members of Sir John Franklin's crew who took part in his lost expedition, Hans Island (80°49′41″N 066°27′35″W), a small, uninhabited barren knoll measuring 1.3 km² (0.50 sq mi) whose ownership is disputed by Canada and Denmark, the Cheyne Islands (76°18′22″N 097°31′12″W), three small (0.73 km² (0.28 sq mi) together) islands that are Important Bird Area (#NU049) and a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site (NU site 5) and Skraeling Island (78°54′42″N 075°37′58″W) an important archaeological site where Inuit (along with their ancestors the Dorset and Thule) and Norse artifacts have been found. They consist of Silurian and Carboniferous rocks covered with tundra. Administration Until 1999, the Queen Elizabeth Islands were part of the Baffin Region of the Northwest Territories.With the creation of Nunavut in 1999 all islands and fractions of islands of the archipelago east of the 110th meridian west became part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the new territory, which was the major portion of the archipelago. The rest remained with the now-reduced Northwest Territories. Borden Island, Mackenzie King Island and Melville Island were divided between the two territories.Prince Patrick Island, Eglinton Island and Emerald Island are the only notable islands that are now completely part of the Northwest Territories.Below the level of the territory, there is the municipal level of administration. On that level, there are only two municipalities, Resolute and Grise Fiord, with an aggregate area of 450 km² (170 sq mi) (0.11 percent of the area of the Queen Elizabeth Islands), but with most of the population of the archipelago (370 out of 375). The remaining 99.89 percent are unincorporated area, with a census 2006 population of five, all in Alert. Glaciers and ice caps In 2000 it was estimated that the Queen Elizabeth Islands were covered by about 104,000 km² (40,000 sq mi) glaciers that represent c.14% of all glaciers and ice caps in the world. According to a 2011 report, the surface mass balance of four, the Devon Ice Cap measured 1,699 km² (656 sq mi) (northwest sector only); the Meighen Ice Cap measured 75 km² (29 sq mi); the Melville South Ice Cap measured 52 km² (20 sq mi) and the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island glacier was 39 km² (15 sq mi). The size of these glaciers has been measured since 1961 and their results published in such distinguished journals as the International Glaciological Society's Annals of Glaciology.Of the four ice caps that the federal government's NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience Program Earth Sciences Sector (ESS), monitors onsite in the Canadian High Arctic, three are in the Queen Elizabeth Islands: Devon, Meighen and Melville. In a memo to Earth Sciences Sector (ESS) in Canada's High Arctic indicates that shrinking of ice caps started in the late 1980s, and has accelerated rapidly since 2005," says an October 2013 memo to NRCan's deputy minister, who reports to federal Natural Resources Minister Joe Oliver. The increased melt rate was confirmed by University of California, Irvine in 2017.Computer analysis of a glacier inventory of Axel Heiberg Island was undertaken in the 1960s. Later inventories of the World Glacier Monitoring Service under the direction of Fritz Müller, who worked on glacier inventories internationally, included the Axel Heiberg Island glacier.Other glaciers and ice caps in the Queen Elizabeth Islands include the Agassiz Ice Cap, Benedict Glacier, Disraeli Glacier, Eugenie Glacier, Gull Glacier, Parrish Glacier, Sven Hedin Glacier and the Turnabout Glacier.

15177905969795743551

Q1095376

Clarence Birdseye Early life and education Clarence Birdseye was the sixth of nine children of Clarence Frank Birdseye, a lawyer in an insurance firm, and Ada Jane Underwood. His first years were spent in Brooklyn, New York, where his family owned a townhouse in Cobble Hill. From childhood, Birdseye was obsessed with natural science and with Taxidermy, which he taught himself by correspondence. At the age of eleven he advertised his courses in the subject. When he was fourteen, the family moved to the suburb of Montclair, New Jersey, where Birdseye graduated from Montclair High School. He matriculated at Amherst College, where his father and elder brother had earned degrees. There he excelled at science, although an average student in other subjects. His obsession with collecting insects led his college classmates to nickname him "Bugs". This was subsequently changed to "Bob". Birdseye's biographer, Mark Kurlansky notes that after 1906, he was never again referred to as Clarence.In the summer after his freshman year Birdseye worked for the United States Department of Agriculture in New Mexico and Arizona as an “assistant naturalist”, at a time when the agency was concerned with helping farmers and ranchers get rid of predators, chiefly coyotes.In 1908 the Birdseye family experienced a financial crisis "of an unclear nature," resulting in Birdseye's having to withdraw from college after completing only two years. Nine years later, in 1917, both Birdseye's father and elder brother, Kellogg, were charged and convicted in a scheme to defraud the firm for which they worked, and were sentenced to prison. It is not known whether this event was connected to the difficulties that had forced Birdseye to leave Amherst.After leaving college, Birdseye was once again hired by the United States Agriculture Department, this time for a project surveying animals in the American West. He also worked with entomologist Willard Van Orsdel King (1888-1970) in Montana, where, in 1910 and 1911, he captured several hundred small mammals from which King removed several thousand ticks for research, isolating them as the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a notable breakthrough.Birdseye's next field assignment, intermittently from 1912 to 1915, was in Labrador in the Dominion of Newfoundland (now part of Canada), where he became further interested in food preservation by freezing, especially fast freezing. He purchased land at Muddy Bay where he built a ranch for raising foxes. He was taught by the Inuit how to ice fish under very thick ice. In -40 °C weather, he discovered that the fish he caught froze almost instantly, and when thawed, tasted fresh. He recognized immediately that the frozen seafood sold in New York was of lower quality than the frozen fish of Labrador. He saw that this knowledge would be lucrative. His journals from this period, which meticulously record these observations, are held in the Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College.Conventional freezing methods of the time were commonly done at higher temperatures, thus the freezing occurred much more slowly, giving ice crystals more time to grow. It is now known that fast freezing produces smaller ice crystals, which cause less damage to the tissue structure. When 'slow' frozen foods thaw, cellular fluids leak from the ice crystal-damaged tissue, giving the resulting food a mushy or dry consistency upon preparation. Birdseye solved this problem.In 1922, Birdseye conducted fish-freezing experiments at the Clothel Refrigerating Company, and then established his own company, Birdseye Seafoods Inc., to freeze fish fillets with chilled air at -43 °C (-45 °F). In 1924, his company went bankrupt for lack of consumer interest in the product. That same year he developed an entirely new process for commercially viable quick-freezing: packing fish in cartons, then freezing the contents between two refrigerated surfaces under pressure. Birdseye created General Seafood Corporation to promote this method. Industrial development In 1925, General Seafood Corporation moved to Gloucester, Massachusetts. There it employed Birdseye's newest invention, the double belt freezer, in which cold brine chilled a pair of stainless steel belts carrying packaged fish, freezing the fish quickly. His invention was issued US Patent #1,773,079, marking the beginning of today's frozen foods industry. Birdseye patented other machinery which cooled even more quickly. In 1927, he extended the process to quick-freezing meat, poultry, fruit, and vegetables.In 1929, Birdseye sold his company and patents for $22 million (approximately $240 million in 2017 dollars) to Goldman Sachs and the Postum Company, which eventually became General Foods Corporation, which founded the Birds Eye Frozen Food Company. Birdseye continued to work with the company, further developing frozen food technology. In 1930, the company began sales experiments in 18 retail stores around Springfield, Massachusetts, to test consumer acceptance of quick-frozen foods. The initial product line featured 26 items, including 18 cuts of frozen meat, spinach and peas, a variety of fruits and berries, blue point oysters, and fish fillets. Consumers liked the new products, and today this is considered the birth of retail frozen foods. The "Birds Eye" name remains a leading frozen-food brand. Birdseye was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2005. Death Birdseye died on October 7, 1956, of a heart attack at the Gramercy Park Hotel. He was 69 years old. Birdseye was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea off Gloucester, Massachusetts.In 2012 the first book-length biography of Birdseye, Mark Kurlansky's Birdseye: The Adventures of a Curious Man, was published by Doubleday.

1814258189233655843

Q65121731

Bunnell Water Tower Water works system project of 1927 In January 1927, Bunnell signed a contract with the Gray Artesian Well Company of St. Augustine to drill a well approximately 90 feet deep with casing that is suitable for pumping for the new waterworks system. After the well was completed water was tested by the Florida State Board of Health who declared it to be of fine quality, pure with no color or taste and with only three hundred to a million hardness. A second well was drilled so there would be a sufficient quantity of water for the city as it grew. The contracted price for these wells was $2,375 each.Bids for furnishing materials, labor and construction for the new waterworks were opened on March 28, 1927. More than fifteen bids were received by Engineer N.A. Hotard. On April 11, 1927, the Bunnell city commission awarded the contract to the Hopper Construction Company.On July 7, 1927, material began arriving at the site of the new water plant, which was determined by the newly dug artesian wells. F.W. Hopper, of the Hooper Construction Company, stated that the project would most likely be finished in 140 working days and ahead of schedule. Construction of the new water system did move fast and by September 8, 1927 the majority of the main pipes and fire hydrants were installed and concrete forms for the reservoir were nearly completed. Representatives from the Chicago Bridge & Iron Works were working on erecting the steel water tank and its tower. The city purchased the steel water tower through the J.B. McCrary Company.On October 27, 1927, Engineer Paynter, who was leading the construction project of the new waterworks predicted that the system would be operational by December 1, 1927 despite a pump that was scheduled to arrive late. Paynter also announced that the new system could temporarily be connected to the present water source until the new wells and pumps are available. The potential delay regarding cutting up sections of State Road No. 4 was avoided when chairman of the Bunnell city commission, J.J. McLanahan, announced that a satisfactory agreement with State Road Engineer Thrasher was reached. The agreement details were that four places in State Road No. 4 will be cut up and after the water mains are installed the trenches will be covered and refilled with concrete.On December 1, 1927, Bunnell City Clerk, John Gerz, announced that due to a few construction delays the new waterworks system should be operational within the next two weeks. Some water meters were still pending installation but Gerz said they would be ready when the new system is ready to be turned on. Bunnell officials said, “this will prove in time [to be] one of the best advertisements for Bunnell that could be named”. New water works system put into operation in 1927 On December 12, 1927, Bunnell's new waterworks system went operational. Almost immediately the old system's lines were cut off and all consumers were connected onto the new waterworks system. The Flagler Tribune reported on December 15, 1927 that “One of the most important events ever to occur in Bunnell took place this week when the new $100,000 waterworks system was turned on for the first time…” The new waterworks system included several miles of 10, 8, 6 and 2 inch mains that were laid on all city streets, fire hydrants, an elevated steel water tank on tower, storage reservoir and a pumping station. Water samples from the new waterworks system were taken on a monthly basis and sent to the Florida State Board of Health in Jacksonville to be examined by a chemist. According to a report published in the Flagler Tribune on June 28, 1928 Chief Engineer, E.L. Filby stated, “from the…analytical data we would say that the bacterial or sanitary quality of your water is very good.” Current usage Currently, the Bunnell Water Tower is in daily usage, over ninety year since it first went into operation, and provides the City of Bunnell with water during emergencies when electric and generator sources are not available. The city's two modern 350,000 gallon ground storage tanks cannot provide sufficient water pressure during these types of emergencies. The Bunnell Water Tower is inspected each year and is repainted every five years. Listing on the National Register of Historic Places The initial nomination was approved by the Florida National Register Review Board on November 8, 2018 and was then sent to the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service for final approval by the Keeper of the National Register.On February 4, 2019, the Bunnell Water Tower was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

17237929323669557641

Q867731

Iaijutsu Purpose Iaijutsu is a combative sword-drawing art but not necessarily an aggressive art because iaijutsu is also a counterattack-oriented art. Iaijutsu technique may be used aggressively to wage a premeditated surprise attack against an unsuspecting enemy. The formulation of iaijutsu as a component system of classical bujutsu was made less for the dynamic situations of the battlefield than for the relatively static applications of the warrior's daily life off the field of battle. Etymology Historically, it is unclear when the term "iaijutsu" originated. It is also unclear when techniques to draw katana from the scabbard were first practiced as a decided form of exercise. The Japanese sword has existed since the Nara period (710-794), where techniques to draw the sword have been practiced under other names than 'iaijutsu'. The term 'iaijutsu' was first verified in connection with Iizasa Chōisai Ienao (c. 1387 - c. 1488), founder of the school Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū. History Archaeological excavations dated the oldest sword in Japan from at least as early as second century B.C. The Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (History of Japan), ancient texts on early Japanese history and myth that were compiled in the eighth century A.D., describe iron swords and swordsmanship that pre-date recorded history, attributed to the mythological age of the gods (kami).The development of Japanese swordsmanship as a component system of classical bujutsu created by and for professional warriors (bushi), begins only with the invention and widespread use of the Japanese sword, the curved, single-cutting-edged long sword.In its curved form, the sword is known to the Japanese as tachi in the eighth century. It evolved from and gained ascendancy over its straight-bladed prototype because years of battlefield experience proved that the curved form of sword was better suited to the needs of the bushi than the straight-bladed kind. Around the curved long sword the bushi built a mystique of fantastic dimensions, one that still influences Japanese culture today. The nature of the bushi's combative deployment, mounted as he was on horseback, required the classical warrior to reach out for his enemy, who might either be similarly mounted or otherwise ground-deployed.During the Kamakura period (1185-1333) the Japanese sword smiths achieved the highest level of technical excellence and because the war between two influential families, the Minamoto and the Taira, made it possible to test and evaluate swords under the severest of conditions. By the end of the Kamakura period the tachi was superseded by a shorter weapon in a new form, called katana.It was with the general widespread use of the curved sword mounted and worn as a katana that classical Japanese swordsmanship for infantry applications really begins. The earliest reliable documentation to prove that the bushi practiced swordsmanship in a systematic manner is dated in the 15th century. In this connection it is believed that kenjutsu, which deals with the art of swordsmanship as it is performed with an unsheathed sword, is the preceding form of iaijutsu.Iaijutsu is extant today but there also exists a modern form for drawing the Japanese sword, called iaido. Iaido, the way of drawing the sword, appeared as a term in 1932. Postures According to Donn F. Draeger, iaijutsu is a combative art and, therefore, the warrior considered only two starting positions in the execution of a sword-drawing technique. The first technique is the low crouching posture named iai-goshi. The second is the standing posture named tachi-ai.The seated posture, tate-hiza, is not used in iaijutsu because it does not permit all-around mobility. Seiza, the formal kneeling-sitting posture, is not used because it is a "dead" posture which is regarded by the warrior as less combatively efficient. It would be difficult for the swordsman using either of these two latter postures to go quickly into action in an emergency.

18258346989476426348

Q2203561

Leawood, Missouri Geography Leawood is located at 37°2′0″N 94°29′27″W (37.033461, −94.490722).According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.31 square miles (3.39 km²), of which 1.30 square miles (3.37 km²) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km²) is water. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 682 people, 259 households, and 202 families residing in the village. The population density was 524.6 inhabitants per square mile (202.5/km²). There were 275 housing units at an average density of 211.5 per square mile (81.7/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 94.9% White, 0.6% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.2% Asian, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.There were 259 households of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.0% were non-families. 17.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.92.The median age in the village was 44.8 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 34.4% were from 45 to 64; and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.0% male and 50.0% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 904 people, 318 households, and 274 families residing in the village. The population density was 622.5 people per square mile (240.7/km²). There were 336 housing units at an average density of 231.4 per square mile (89.5/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 93.69% White, 0.55% African American, 0.33% Native American, 1.99% Asian, 1.11% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.21% of the population.There were 318 households out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.8% were non-families. 11.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.04.In the village, the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.The median income for a household in the village was $62,250, and the median income for a family was $68,214. Males had a median income of $48,333 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the village was $36,196. About 5.0% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

14776914699811931427

Q7892500

United States groundwater law Rule of capture The Rule of Capture provides each landowner the ability to capture as much groundwater as they can put to a beneficial use, but they are not guaranteed any set amount of water. As a result, well-owners are not liable to other landowners for damaging their wells or taking water from beneath their land. The Rule of Capture allows capture of groundwater only to the extent the use is beneficial and not malicious. The advantage of this system is that it encourages economic development and maximum utilization of the resources. Another advantage of this system is that it leads to minimal government involvement in the operations of water wells. The primary disadvantage of this system is the potential for overproduction of the aquifer system that may result when each landowner attempts to protect the water right by drilling bigger, deeper wells. Because no landowner is given a quantifiable or set amount of production capacity, all landowners are encouraged to capture as much water as they can as quickly as they can. Riparian rights Correlative groundwater rights represent a limited private ownership right similar to riparian rights in a surface stream. The amount of groundwater right is based on the size of the surface area where each landowner gets a corresponding amount of the available water. Once adjudicated, the maximum amount of the water right is set, but the right can be decreased if the total amount of available water decreases as is likely during a drought. Landowners may sue others for encroaching upon their groundwater rights, and water pumped for use on the overlying land takes preference over water pumped for use off the land. This system benefits those who have low demand for water but own large expanses of property - such as ranchers - and harms those who have a high demand for water without correspondingly large tracts of land - such as cities and some irrigators. Only California follows the correlative right system for groundwater, although many states follow a similar system for oil and gas production. Water is a rechargeable resource and so the amount of the water right may be reduced, marketing the groundwater right can be difficult. The preference for water uses on the land makes it difficult to market the water or water rights. Reasonable use rule The third system involving private ownership rights is the liability rule known as the American Rule or Reasonable Use Rule. This rule does not guarantee the landowner a set amount of water, but allows unlimited extraction as long as the result does not unreasonably damage other wells or the aquifer system. Usually this rule gives great weight to historical uses and prevents new uses that interfere with the prior use. The determination of who gets a well and how much water may be pumped is usually made by a court unless the state creates a regulatory agency to perform that function, and the primary issue is the "reasonableness" of the use. The advantage to this system is its flexibility in adjudicating competing uses of an aquifer system. Unfortunately, this same flexibility can lead to excessive litigation because well owners may sue at any time to determine if a competing use is "reasonable", a standard that may change with time. The reasonableness standard is also highly dependent on the location of the suit and who ends up in the jury pool. Marketing water rights does not take place until the system is fully adjudicated; new users generally do not purchase groundwater rights until they are sure they cannot obtain "free" water through litigation.Many states, especially in the western United States, claim ownership of groundwater and allocate the resource through an appropriative system just as they would any surface right. Typically water rights are appropriated based on each aquifer's sustainable yield, and once all the rights are granted no further permits will be issued. Some states allow the permits to be marketed and some do not. Where the water is not owned by the state and the tort law proves to be an inadequate means to prevent overproduction, states have created administrative regulatory agencies to allocate groundwater rights between competing landowners. In those cases the administrative law essentially supplants the tort law, making the tort remedy (or lack thereof) irrelevant.

10052057364372962672

Q229076

Marie Louise d’Orléans Life Marie Louise d'Orléans was born at the Palais Royal in Paris. She was the eldest daughter of Philippe, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of Louis XIV of France and of his first wife, Henrietta Anne of England. As a petite-fille de France she was entitled to the attribute of Royal Highness, although, as was customary at court at the palace of Versailles, her style, Mademoiselle d'Orléans, was more often used. Charming, pretty and graceful, Marie Louise, who was her father's favourite child, had a happy childhood, residing most of the time in the Palais-Royal, and at the château de Saint-Cloud situated a few kilometres west of Paris. Marie Louise spent a lot of time with both her paternal and maternal grandmothers—Anne of Austria, who doted on her and left the bulk of her fortune to her when she died in 1666; and Henrietta Maria, who lived in Colombes.Marie Louise's mother died in 1670. The following year, her father married Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. All her life, Marie Louise would maintain an affectionate correspondence with her stepmother. Queen It has been said that she wanted to marry her cousin Louis, Dauphin of France; however, the surviving letters of her stepmother suggest that Marie Louise and the Dauphin were never in love. Her marriage to Charles II was seen as a way to induce better relations between France and Spain; the two nations had been on bad terms because of her uncle's battles in the Spanish Netherlands.The proxy marriage took place at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 30 August 1679; standing for the groom was Mademoiselle d'Orléans' distant cousin Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti. Until mid-September there were a series of formal events held in honor of the new Queen of Spain. Marie Louise went to the convent of Val-de-Grâce, before her departure, where the heart of her mother was kept. She would never return to France.On 19 November 1679, Marie Louise married Charles in person in Quintanapalla, near Burgos, Spain. This was the start of a lonely existence at the Spanish court. Her new husband had fallen in love with her and remained so until the end of his life. However, the confining etiquette of the Spanish Court (e.g., touching the Queen was forbidden), the King's mental and physical infirmities and her unsuccessful attempts to bear a child caused her distress.Her French attendants were accused of plotting against the King and his family and, as a result, one of her personal maids was tortured. Riots occurred outside the palace in Madrid. Unlike the fashionable palaces at Versailles, Saint-Cloud and Paris, her new residences were the forbidding Real Alcázar de Madrid and the even more stark Palacio del Buen Retiro—a country palace where Marie Louise was allowed to stable her French horses. She also spent time in the Palacio Real de Aranjuez, south of Madrid. After ten years of marriage the couple had no children. Marie Louise confided to the French ambassador, thatshe was really not a virgin any longer, but that as far as she could figure things, she believed she would never have children.During the last years of her life she became overweight. After horseback riding on 11 February 1689, she felt a severe pain in the abdomen which forced her to lie down the rest of the evening. She died the following night. Aftermath The death of Marie Louise left her husband heartbroken. There were rumours that she had been poisoned by the notorious intrigante Olympia Mancini, comtesse de Soissons, at the behest of her mother-in-law, the dowager queen Mariana of Austria, because of Marie Louise's childlessness. Mariana and Marie Louise had, however, not been known to be estranged and the elder queen appeared devastated at the young queen's death. It seems likely that the real cause of Marie Louise's death was appendicitis. External Link https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/64725783/marie-louise-of_orl_ans/photo

13093806442054688447

Q5388698

Erik Lindgren Erik Lindgren (15 December 1954) is an American composer and keyboards player. He runs Arf! Arf! Records, and has led (or been a member of) several ensembles such as The Moving Parts, The Space Negros, The Rising Storm, Birdsongs of the Mesozoic, The Frankenstein Consort, Family Fun and The Bespoke Consort. Early life Lindgren was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in December 1954. He attended Northfield Mount Hermon School from 1969–1972 studying music with Joseph T. Elliott III, and received his BA in Music from Tufts University in 1976 where he worked with T. J. Anderson. In 1974–1975 he spent his junior year abroad in London studying composition at the Guildhall School of Music with Alfred Nieman and piano with Birgette Wild. Lindgren received an MA in music composition and piano performance from the University of Iowa in 1977 where he studied with Donald Jenni, Richard Hervig and Peter Lewis. Career As a contemporary classical composer, Lindgren has a catalog of over seven dozen works, ranging from solo piano pieces to chamber music to orchestral works. He also owns Foot Foot Music BMI which publishes all of his original compositions. In 1978, Lindgren established Sounds Interesting Productions, a commercial recording studio and music production company based in Cambridge, MA. In 1998, he relocated his facility to Middleborough, MA. National and regional credits include original scores for ABC, NBC CBS and PBS, Eastpak, Boston Globe, Basketball Hall Of Fame, Jordan Marsh, Polaroid, Prentice Hall and the Christmas Tree Shops. Lindgren also markets The Well-Tempered Music Library that consists of seven CDs of stock commercial music that he composed and produced.Lindgren was a founding member of the new music ensemble Birdsongs Of The Mesozoic that Billboard Magazine described as “a mesmerizing venture into the space age jungle.” The quartet has toured extensively throughout the United States and Canada and held residencies at Dartmouth College, Emory University, Duke, UNCA and the Massachusetts College of Art. Birdsongs’ has recorded for the Rykodisc, Cuneiform and Ace of Hearts labels. The group has collaborated with Duplex Planet editor/National Public Radio correspondent David Greenberger on 1001 Real Apes" (2006), and with Atlanta bass baritone Oral Moses on "Extreme Spirituals" (2006).The composer celebrated his 50th Birthday performing original works live with various ensembles at The Longy School of Music, Pickman Hall, Cambridge, MA (June 4, 2005).In 2012, Lindgren received a commission from the Georgia Symphony Orchestra to compose "Extreme Spirituals," a 6-movement 25-minute work for orchestra and bass baritone soloist. The performances featured Oral Moses, whom Lindgren has produced a half-dozen solo CDs for the Albany record label. "Extreme Spirituals" was performed by the Brockton Symphony Orchestra in April 2017 which included Oral Moses once again as the soloist.In September 2015, Lindgren celebrated his 60th birthday as an artist-in-residence at his alma mater Tufts University in Medford MA. Culminating the week-long residency was a concert devoted to his original chamber works composed during the past decade. Arf! Arf! Records/SFZ Recordings For over twenty years, Lindgren has run the Arf! Arf! label which has released over seventy archival CDs documenting 1960s garage/psychedelic rock and "outsider" music. Arf! Arf! issued four CD retrospectives by Lindgren's 1980s experimental studio group The Space Negros. He has also produced over 100 records for artists as Willie Loco Alexander, the Rising Storm, The Turbines, The Cynics, Magic Mose & his Royal Rockers, featuring 'Blind Sam,' Ed “Moose” Savage And His Litany Of Complaints, and harmonica virtuoso Richard Hunter.In addition, Lindgren runs the SFZ Recordings label which issued his 1999 release Erik Lindgren Scores (SFZ-001) containing acoustic chamber works with ambient visuals, and the 2006 release by the Frankenstein Consort Classical A-Go-Go (SFZ-004) containing original music for woodwind trio, piano, and percussion by one of his performing ensembles.In 2014, a comprehensive two-CD, 50-track retrospective, Yin Yang A-Go-Go [1972-2005] (Arf Arf AA-105/106) was released in conjunction with Lindgren's 60th birthday.In 2016, Lindgren's third solo CD Bespoke (Albany Troy 1632) was released containing recent original acoustic chamber works.

7679747291990968436

Q7886497

Union of Active Struggle Związek Walki Czynnej (abbreviation: ZWC; Union of Active Struggle; also translated as Union for Active Struggle and Union for Active Resistance) was a Polish secret military organization founded in June 1908 in Lwów by Józef Piłsudski, Marian Kukiel, Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Władysław Sikorski, all members of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party's Revolutionary Faction. History After the extremely successful Bezdany raid in 1908, Piłsudski decided to transform the Combat Organization into a newer, larger formation. The ZWC's main purpose was to prepare Polish officer cadres for a future Polish army for likely hostilities with Russia, one of the three partitioners of Poland, seen by Piłsudski's faction as Poland's worst enemy. The goal of Piłsudski and his followers was independence and liberation of Polish territories, and for that reason he became a temporary ally of the weakest of the partitioning powers, Austro-Hungary. Piłsudski was convinced that the Central Powers would first defeat Russia but that they, in turn, would be defeated by England and France. His documented prediction, in the event, proved correct. ZWC was led by Piłsudski, and below him was the Main Council (Rada Główna) and Association Department (Wydział Związku) composed of four members: Kazimierz Sosnkowski, Władysław Jaxa-Rożen, Stefan Dąbkowski and Zygmunt Bohuszewicz. Many of ZWC members were students. ZWC had members in all three partitions, as well as in some larger academic Polonia centers outside Poland.From its inception, ZWC received crucial support in the highest circles of the Austrian Empire, which was preparing for war with Imperial Russia. As the Great War (World War I) loomed on the horizon, Austrian officials supported Polish organizations that favored an "Austro-Polish solution" and opposed the National Democrats and Roman Dmowski) who, before reaching for Polish independence, wanted the Poles and all their territories to be placed under a single state, which at the time could be achieved only by the Russian Empire. Austrians also hoped that the organization would allow Poles to assist them militarily in the Austrian war with Russia. Pilsudski's plan was to first use the Austrian help to create the elite cadre for the future Polish military which would later fight Russia but not for the interests of the Austrian Habsburgs but for their own Polish state. Cooperation between Austro-Hungary, the most conservative regimes in Europe, which proved to be the most liberal of partitioned powers, and provided a great deal of autonomy and religious freedom to its Polish subjects, and Pilsudski, a Polish Socialist revolutionary, who was involved in the past in bank and postal robberies, sabotage and subversive destruction as means to achieve the political goals. As the Austro-Hungary government preferred to have more control over the secret paramilitary organizations, two legal organizations, subordinated to ZWC were created in 1910 with the approval of officials in Austro-Hungary, who would be able to supervise those legal organizations to a much larger extent then the secret ZWC. Those two organizations were Związek Strzelecki and Polskie Drużyny Strzeleckie, both of them acted to prepare Poles to serve in the military. ZWC nonetheless remained active until 1914, when with the onset of the First World War it became no longer necessary.In 1912 the First Balkan War shook the politics of Europe and Piłsudski who expected that a greater war is coming reformed ZWC (also at that time, he became one of the creators of Provisional Commission of Confederated Independence Parties (Komisja Tymczasowa Skonfederowanych Stronnictw Niepodległościowych)). It then become more autocratic, with Piłsudski (the Commandant) and his deputy, Sosnkowski (Chief of High Command) assuming most responsibilities and power. In 1914, ZWC had 7239 members, which would form the basis of the Polish Legions in World War I.

4358854589981944950

Q681866

Augustus Pitt Rivers Early life and family Born Augustus Henry Lane-Fox at Bramham cum Oglethorpe near Wetherby in Yorkshire, he was the son of William Lane-Fox and Lady Caroline Douglas, sister of George Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton. The politicians George Lane-Fox and Sackville Lane-Fox were his uncles.In 1880, Lane-Fox inherited the estates of his cousin, Horace Pitt-Rivers, 6th Baron Rivers and with it the remainder of the Richard Rigby fortune. It was "an event that transformed his life." He was required to adopt the surname Pitt-Rivers as part of the bequest. On 3 February 1853, Pitt-Rivers (still under the surname Fox) married The Honourable Alice Margaret Stanley (1828–1910), daughter of the politician Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley and of the women's education campaigner Henrietta Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley. Military career Lane-Fox had a long and successful military career as a staff officer. He was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, for six months at the age of fourteen and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards on 16 May 1845 as an ensign. In the course of a thirty-two year military career, albeit much interrupted by leave, he only once saw major front line action, at the Battle of Alma in 1854. In 1851 he became a member of the committee to experiment and report on the respective merits of the army's smoothbore muskets. He was appointed to Woolwich to instruct in the use of the new Minié rifle in 1852. Subsequently, he was largely responsible for founding the Hythe school of Musketry in Kent and became its principal instructor, revising its Instruction of Musketry manual. The remainder of his service career revolved around musketry instruction and in 1858 he published a paper On the improvement of the rifle as a weapon for general use. He bought a promotion to Captain on 2 August 1850. He was promoted to the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel of the army "for distinguished Service in the Field" during the Crimean War. On 15 May 1857, he bought the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Grenadier Guards. The then Brevet-Major Lane-Fox, was appointed a member of the Fifth Class of the Order of the Medjidie in 1858 for "distinguished services before the enemy during the [Crimean War]". He was promoted to colonel on 22 January 1867 and major general in 1877. Pitt Rivers retired in 1882 and was accorded the honorary rank of Lt General. Archaeological career Pitt Rivers' interests in archaeology and ethnology began in the 1850s, during postings overseas, and he became a noted scientist while he was a serving military officer. His interest began with the evolution of the rifle, which extended to other weapons and tools, and he became a collector of artifacts illustrating the development of human invention. His collection became famous, and, after being exhibited in 1874–1875 at the Bethnal Green Museum, was presented in 1885 to the University of Oxford. He was elected, in the space of five years, to the Ethnological Society of London (1861), the Society of Antiquaries of London (1864) and the Anthropological Society of London (1865). By the time he retired he had amassed ethnographic collections numbering tens of thousands of items from all over the world. Influenced by the evolutionary writings of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, he arranged them typologically and (within types) chronologically. He viewed archaeology as an extension of anthropology and, as consequence, built up matching collections of archaeological and ethnographic objects to show longer developmental sequences to support his views on cultural evolution. This style of arrangement, designed to highlight evolutionary trends in human artefacts, was a revolutionary innovation in museum design.Pitt Rivers' ethnological collections form the basis of the Pitt Rivers Museum which is still one of Oxford's attractions. His researches and collections cover periods from the Lower Paleolithic to Roman and medieval times, and extend all over the world. The Pitt Rivers Museum curates more than half a million ethnographic and archaeological artifacts, photographic and manuscript collections from all parts of the world. The museum was founded in 1884 when the university accepted the gift of more than 20,000 artifacts from Pitt Rivers, and awarded him the Doctorate of Civil Law in 1886. He was later named a Fellow of the Royal Society. The collections continue to grow, and the museum has been described as one of the "six great ethnological museums of the world".Pitt Rivers' Wessex Collection is housed in The Salisbury Museum, not far from Stonehenge. The Wessex Gallery of archaeology opened in 2014, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and other sources. Pitt Rivers and other early archaeologists such as William Stukeley who first investigated the prehistory of Wiltshire, Cranborne Chase, Avebury and Stonehenge, are celebrated in the gallery.The estates Pitt Rivers inherited in 1880 contained a wealth of archaeological material from the Roman and Saxon periods. He excavated these over seventeen seasons, from the mid-1880s until his death. His approach was highly methodical by the standards of the time, and he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist to work in Britain. His most important methodological innovation was his insistence that all artefacts, not just beautiful or unique ones, be collected and catalogued. This focus on everyday objects as the key to understanding the past broke decisively with past archaeological practice, which verged on treasure hunting. It is Pitt Rivers' most important, and most lasting, scientific legacy. His work inspired Mortimer Wheeler, among others, to add to the scientific approach of archaeological excavation techniques.Pitt Rivers created the Larmer Tree Gardens, a public pleasure garden, on the Rushmore estate near Tollard Royal in Wiltshire.Following the passage of the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882, Pitt Rivers became the first Inspector of Ancient Monuments: a post created by anthropologist and parliamentarian John Lubbock who married Pitt Rivers' daughter, Alice. Charged with cataloguing archaeological sites and protecting them from destruction, he worked with his customary methodical zeal but was hampered by the limitations of the law, which gave him little real power over the landowners on whose property the sites stood.On the advice of Pitt-Rivers, Kit's Coty House and Little Kit's Coty House, Kent, were among the first ancient British remains to be protected by the state. Railings were erected around the stones to prevent vandalism.In 1884 he served as High Sheriff of Dorset. Advocate for cremation Pitt Rivers was an advocate for cremation. Even though many people believed that it was immoral to destroy a corpse, the cremation movement favored a practical way to dispose of bodies. Pitt Rivers was cremated after his death in 1900.

831368319417377450

Q7589897

St. Mark's African Methodist Episcopal Church Origin Duluth's African American population at the turn of the 20th century was small but active. Blacks established fraternal orders, political clubs, and newspapers in the port city, mirroring larger establishments in Minneapolis–Saint Paul. Churches were fundamental to the growth and connectivity of the community.St. Mark's AME Church was the first and only building in Duluth built by blacks, for blacks. Founded in 1890 by Reverend Richmond Taylor, the congregation first met at Fourth Street and Fourth Avenue West. Soon afterward it moved to a newly constructed building at 530 North Fifth Avenue East. The structure's basement level accommodated the congregation until 1913, when the main level was completed. The simple brick building sits in a mostly residential area. It features a two-story bell tower, Tudor Revival elements, and locally made stained glass windows.Like many churches at the time, St. Mark's in the early 20th century offered the community a central space for religious, social, and political conversation and networking. The local Masonic Order frequently held meetings at the church, and membership there and in local black organizations overlapped.At the time of St. Mark's construction, most African American men in Duluth worked as janitors, waiters, porters, or dock or boat workers. A few independent barbershops and restaurants succeeded. Other employment came to Duluth via the U.S. Steel corporation.St. Mark's growth in its early years paralleled the growth of the African American population in Duluth, largely driven by job opportunities at U.S. Steel. In the early 1920s, the company recruited laborers—many from Southern states—to work at their plant in Morgan Park, a planned community near the edge of Duluth. Recruits found poor wages, unfamiliar weather, and discrimination upon arrival. Though their jobs were in Morgan Park, the company town, African American employees could not live there. It was a whites-only community. Most blacks settled in Gary, which was also a company town, or the East Hillside neighborhood, near St. Mark's. NAACP history After World War I, Duluth's blacks faced stricter segregation and harsher discrimination. When the 1920 Duluth lynchings of three traveling black workers captured national attention, St. Mark's was proactive in response. Reverend William M. Majors of St. Mark's assisted in efforts to indict the lynchers. The NAACP provided legal and financial support for the proceedings.Before the lynching, African Americans in Duluth were not convinced a local NAACP chapter was necessary. After the incident, some outraged and fearful blacks left Duluth altogether. Those who remained formed an NAACP chapter with 69 members, and St. Mark's provided gathering space for the new organization.NAACP founder W. E. B. Du Bois was the chapter's first speaker. In March 1921, he came to St. Mark's and spoke in favor of Minnesota's pending anti-lynching law, which the state legislature passed the next month. Ethel Ray Nance, whose father helped establish the Duluth chapter and who became a civil rights leader in her own right, recalled in a 1974 interview that the church far exceeded its 250-person capacity when Du Bois came. She estimated that 75% of the crowd was white. Later history Duluth's black population grew to about 900 by 1970. In 2014, it remained just under 2,000, or 2% of the city's total population. St. Mark's continues to be central to the community and attuned to racial issues in the 21st century. St. Mark's parishioners hosted a prayer vigil and bell-ringing for victims of the Charleston church shooting at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Carolina in June 2015.

7565108803129155433

Q1754287

At Play in the Fields of the Lord Plot A pair of explorers, Lewis Moon and Wolf, become stranded in Mãe de Deus (Portuguese: Mother of God), an outpost in the deep Brazilian Amazon River basin, after their plane runs out of fuel.The local police commander wants the Niaruna tribe, living upriver, to move their village so they won't be killed by gold miners moving into the area and cause trouble for him with the provincial government. The commander cuts a deal with Moon: if he and his fellow mercenary would bomb the Niaruna village from the air and drive them away, they will be given enough gasoline for their airplane to be allowed to leave.Born-again Christian evangelist (and missionary) Martin Quarrier and his wife Hazel arrive with their son Billy, here to spread the Christian gospel to the primitive Niaruna indigenous natives. They arrive in Mãe de Deus to meet fellow missionaries Leslie and Andy Huben, who live with a Niaruna helper. In town, they meet a Catholic priest who wants to re-establish a mission to the Niarunas, as the former missionary was killed by them.Moon and Wolf leave in their plane to attack the Niaruna. But upon seeing the community with his own eyes as well as an Indian firing an arrow at the plane, Moon has second thoughts. The plane returns to Mãe de Deus.That night, after a discussion with Wolf, Quarrier and the priest, Moon takes an Indian drug and begins hallucinating. He takes off alone in his plane and parachutes into the Niaruna village. Moon, a half-Native American Cheyenne, aligns himself with the Niarunas. He is accepted as "Kisu-Mu", one of the Niaruna gods, and begins to adapt to Niaruna life and culture.The four evangelists travel upriver to establish their mission. Indians originally converted by the Catholics turn up, awaiting the arrival of the Niaruna. Eventually they do come and accept the gifts that the Quarriers offer, not staying long.Young Billy dies of blackwater fever (a serious complication of malaria), causing Hazel to lose her sanity. She is returned to Mãe de Deus. Martin becomes despondent, arguing with Leslie and gradually losing his faith.Meanwhile, Moon encounters Andy swimming nude. After they kiss, Moon catches her cold. He returns to the Niaruna camp and inadvertently infects everyone there. Much of the tribe becomes sick. Moon and the tribe's leaders go to the missionary Leslie to beg for drugs.Leslie refuses, but Martin agrees to provide the drugs. He travels to the Niaruna village with the missionaries' young helper. In the village, after Martin speaks with Moon, helicopters arrive to begin bombing. Martin survives the bombing, but is killed by his helper soon thereafter. Moon is exposed not as a god but as a man. He runs, ending up alone. Background Producer Saul Zaentz first tried to make this film in 1965. He discovered that MGM owned the rights to Peter Matthiessen's novel. Zaentz continued to try to buy the property every time there was a top executive change at MGM until 1989, when the new studio heads Jay Kanter and Alan Ladd, Jr. decided that MGM would not make the film. Zaentz then paid $1.4 million for the rights.The picture was filmed in Belém, Pará, Brazil. It was released to theaters in the U.S. on December 6, 1991. While the film has been released to VHS and Laserdisc, the film was never released on DVD nor Blu-ray anywhere (except for a 2013 DVD release in Spain). This is due to a rights issue with Universal Pictures (the distributor of the film) and Warner Bros. (current distributors of the Saul Zaentz library). Critical reception Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 57% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on reviews from 7 critics.Noted Chicago Sun Times critic Roger Ebert had read the novel and believed the film is true to its themes. Ebert makes the case that producer Saul Zaentz has a history of producing "unfilmable" source material. He wrote, "Watching it, we are looking at a morality play about a world in which sincere people create unwitting mischief so that evil people can have their way. The movie essentially argues that all peoples have a right to worship their own gods without interference, but it goes further to observe that if your god lives in the land and the trees, then if we destroy your land, we kill your god. These messages are buried in the very fabric of the film, in the way it was shot, in its use of locations, and we are not told them, we absorb them."Vincent Canby, the film critic for the New York Times, had mixed feelings about the film but did like the acting and the screenplay, and wrote, "At Play in the Fields of the Lord doesn't play smoothly, but it often plays well ... Mr. Lithgow and Miss Hannah, who grows more secure as an actress with every film, are fine in complex roles that are exceptionally well written ... Though the film features a spectacular penultimate sequence, it seems not to know how to end. It sort of drifts away, perhaps trying to soften its own well-earned pessimism."Critic Jeffrey Westhoff writing for Northwest Herald disliked the film and stated: "Some books should remain books."

14527387856598174058

Q2612210

Borough Hall/Court Street station History The station opened on April 15, 1919 when the branch of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Wall Street was extended to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn. Through service between the Brooklyn Line and the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line was inaugurated with this extension.In 1976, with funding from the Exxon Corporation, this station, as well as three others citywide, received new "artfully humorous graffiti" murals and artwork. Local designer Samuel Lebowitz received $5,000 to "improve the level of lighting in an exciting and light hearted way." Some "multicolored animated neon signs" were placed underneath transparent plastic screens; such signs included "an abstract eye that winks every five seconds" and another that looked to be "blow[ing] smoke rings." Exits The fare control for this section of the station complex is at the west (railroad north) end of the platforms. A staircase from the lower level goes up to the upper level before another staircase goes up to the mezzanine. The lower level also has an up-only escalator that bypasses the upper level, leading directly to the mezzanine. A single elevator stopping at all three levels makes this part of the complex ADA-accessible. The mezzanine has a passageway leading to the BMT platform and two public restrooms inside fare control. Outside the turnstile bank that provides entrance/exit from the station, there is a token booth, two staircases going up to the southeast corner of Court and Montague Streets, and a staircase and elevator going up to Columbus Park, the entrance plaza of Borough Hall, on the east side of Court Street. History This was the first underground subway station in Brooklyn, opened on January 9, 1908, as the terminal for the extension of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line from Lower Manhattan. It provided easy access to the BRT elevated Fulton Street Line and Myrtle Avenue Line, although a separate fare had to be paid.The platforms were extended to the east in 1911 and in 1964, allowing the station to accommodate 10-car trains.The Borough Hall IRT Eastern Parkway Line station has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 17, 2004. Exits The main fare control area is at the center of the platforms and tracks. Two overpasses connect the two platforms with two staircases to each of them. On the Manhattan-bound side, the overpasses have full height turnstiles leading to an unstaffed mezzanine and two staircases going up to the northeast corner of Court and Joralemon Streets. On the southbound side, the overpasses have small turnstile banks leading to a mezzanine that has a token booth and two staircases going up to the southeast corner of Court and Joralemon Streets. The banisters on these staircases are made of concrete since they are outside the Brooklyn Municipal Building. The mezzanine has a large set of doors leading into the building (this entrance was closed in February 1996 due to security concerns), a plaque commemorating the subway's arrival in Brooklyn, and a now defunct bank teller window. An overpass between the two platforms connects the two mezzanine areas.This section of the station complex has an unstaffed fare control area at the extreme north (geographical west) end. A single staircase from each platform goes up to a crossover, where a turnstile bank and two exit-only turnstiles provide entrance/exit from the station. Outside fare control, two staircases go up to either western corners of Livingston and Court Streets. History Service running from the BMT Broadway Line through to the BMT Fourth Avenue Line via the Montague Tunnel began on August 1, 1920, along with the opening of the Court Street station.On weekdays between August 2, 2013 and September 15, 2014, this station served as the northern terminal of the Brooklyn half of the divided R. Service ran in two sections: one section between Forest Hills and Whitehall Street–South Ferry, and the other between Court Street-Borough Hall and Bay Ridge–95th Street. This change was necessary to repair damage on the Montague Street Tunnel resulting from Hurricane Sandy. Exits At the east (railroad south) end of the platform, two staircases go up a landing, where two staircases and two escalators go up to a passageway that leads to the fare control area of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. At the west (railroad north) of the platform, a single staircase goes up to a landing where two elevators and an emergency staircase that is commonly opened for public use go up to a mezzanine. The elevator banks here have two pairs of doors to each elevator car. The mezzanine has a part-time turnstile bank and customer assistance booth (full height turnstiles provide entrance/exit from the station at all times) and two staircases going up to either western corners of Montague and Clinton Streets. The northwest staircase has an antique "SUBWAY" white and green globe sign since it is in the front yard of St. Ann's and Holy Trinity Church (the mezzanine has a mosaic sign with the church's name on it). However, the southwest staircase is next to the basement entrance of a Kiddie Korner daycare.

8540257068688795262

Q944258

Yumeiro Patissiere Plot Yumeiro Pâtissière:Fourteen-year-old Ichigo Amano (her name means strawberry) is clumsy and doesn't have any talent except for eating sweets (specifically cakes). When she stumbles upon a Sweets Festival, she meets Henri-sensei who acknowledges her ability of taste and invites her to transfer to St. Marie Academy to become a pâtissière. Ichigo has trouble adjusting initially, but with the help of the 3 Sweets Princes (Makoto Kashino, Satsuki Hanabusa, and Sennosuke Andou) and the Sweets Spirits (Vanilla, Chocolate, Caramel, and Cafe), she gains the confidence and skill to work towards becoming a pâtissière. Throughout the entire anime is Ichigo and the Sweet Princes trying to win the Grand Prix, which allowed them to go to Paris. Throughout the competition, Ichigo has a lot of character change and she grows little by little. She realizes many things and her skills are improving rapidly.Yumeiro Pâtissière Professional:Two years after studying in Paris, the sixteen-year-old Ichigo now returns to Japan as a professional pâtissière. As soon as she returns, Ichigo finds Team Ichigo breaking up. The Sweets Princes, Hanabusa and Andou, take long absences from school to work for their dreams, leaving only Ichigo and Kashino. Kashino skipped a grade due to having top grades back at Paris. Soon a "new" Team Ichigo is formed by Henri-sensei for the project. The team includes Lemon Yamagishi, Johnny McBeal, Makoto Kashino, and Amano Ichigo. They are now working as professionals for the project and their dreams. In St. Marie Garden Anime The anime adaptation was accidentally announced in June 2009 by a listing from one of the card game series based on the manga. The series began airing on October 4, 2009 on Yomiuri TV. The series was simulcasted on Crunchyroll with English subtitles. The sweets in the series were all created by the Paris-based patissier Aoki Sadaharu. A one episode side story, title Yumeiro Pâtissière Mune Kyun Tropical Island! (夢色パティシエール 胸キュントロピカルアイランド! Yumeiro Pâtissière: Heart-Racing Tropical Island!) was shown at the "Natsu Doki– Ribon–kko Party 5" event for Ribon magazine in the summer of 2010. The episode was included on a DVD with the November issue of Ribon. A second series, taking place two years later than the first, began airing on October 3, 2010. The second season is entitled Yumeiro Pâtissière SP Professional and introduces new characters. Music The first season of the anime series uses two pieces of theme music, one opening and one closing. The opening is Yume ni Yell! Patissiere (夢にエール!パティシエール♪ Yell For the Dream! Patissiere) and the ending is Ichigo no Mirakurūru (いちごのミラクルール Ichigo's Miracle–le). The CD single for the two was released by the Columbia Music Entertainment on January 20, 2010 in a regular and limited edition. The limited edition comes with extra charms and costs ¥1,365, but is otherwise the same as the regular edition, which costs ¥1,050. A soundtrack for the series was released on April 21, 2010, entitled Yumeiro Patissiere KiraKira ☆ Myūjikku (夢色パティシエール きらきら☆ミュージック Yumeiro Patissiere SparkleSparkle ☆ Music). Video Game A Nintendo DS game based on the series was released on May 27, 2010. The game is entitled Yumeiro Patissiere: My Sweet Cooking (夢色パティシエールマイスイーツクッキング Yumeiro Patishiēru Mai Suītsu Kukkingu) and was released by Konami. Card Game A trading card game based on the manga was released in Japan by Konami during the serialization of the series. There are two different series, Sweets Deco Cards and My Sweets Cards. Cookbook A cookbook for the series entitled "Yumeiro Patissiere Special Recipe Book: Oyako de Tsukuru Hajimete no Sweets" (夢色パティシエール スペシャルレシピブック 親子で作るはじめてのスイーツ) (ISBN 978-4-08-102082-9) was released by Shueisha on December 1, 2009 for ¥1200. Reception Carlo Santos of Anime News Network calls the anime "a baking-themed series so rife with clichés that it's hard to tell where the plagiarism stops and the actual show begins." Other reviewers on the same site had slightly better opinions of the series though. Carl Kimlinger calls it "pure shōjo fluff" and says that it is a "sugary little distraction that won't harm any sensibilities." Theron Martin suggests either eating before or during viewing as the series is "undoubtedly one of the tastiest-looking series to come along in quite some time." Martin critiqued the art of the series however, saying "The dessert designs are unquestionably the visual highlight, as otherwise the artistry and technical merits are rather bland." Summer Mullins also notes that the sweets are the best part of the animation, saying, "those detailed shots [of the sweets] highlight the fact that some of the animation is only so-so". As of May 11, 2010 Crunchyroll's website listed Yumeiro Patissiere with an overall ranking of 4.8 out of 5 stars, with a total of 1761 votes.The manga received the Shogakukan Manga Award for best children's manga of 2010.

4407836468715043355

Q5227901

Daughter (band) Biography Of Irish–Italian parentage, Elena Tonra was raised in Northwood, London. Through her Dublin-born grandfather she experienced traditional Irish music from an early age. Her interest in music began when she received a copy of the album Grace by Jeff Buckley. After being bullied at school she used writing to "deal emotionally with life". Changing schools at the age of 12 had a great impact and since then Tonra writes "about things I feel difficult talking about in adulthood”.Tonra began her career in music by performing acoustic shows under her own name around London. She found that this "didn't suit me at all. As a musician, I'm self-taught and felt I was restricted by my abilities". Haefeli attended one of the acoustic shows that Tonra was performing and found that "she had this power which drew everyone in". Originally from Neuchatel, Haefeli also attended London's Institute of Contemporary Music Performance where he met Tonra during a songwriting course. They began performing together with Haefeli adding electric guitars. After their first demo started word of mouth on the band, Daughter self-released their debut EP, His Young Heart, on 20 April 2011, recorded in Haefeli's bedsit. Later that same year, they released another EP, The Wild Youth, on 2 October through artist-led Communion Records. The latter EP earned praise from British website For Folk's Sake who described Daughter as "one of the unique sounds in the pop landscape today." BBC Radio 1 DJ Huw Stephens also invited them to perform a Maida Vale Session for his show.Tonra and Haefeli became romantically involved and the guitarist insisted that they "keep our couple life and our band life separate, [because] I don’t want Elena to stop saying things in her songs that are personal [as] songwriters need to be expansive and they need to be unafraid”. While Tonra concurred with "Igor doesn’t question my lyrics. He regards what we do as an art form. He certainly doesn’t try to rewrite my words. I never tell anyone what my songs are about, not even him. I feel they are direct enough, anyway. They aren’t especially obscure". Tonra and Haefeli ended their relationship before the release of their album If You Leave in 2013.In 2012, shortly after headlining a 700-capacity show in London, Daughter announced their signing to UK label 4AD. Speaking of this, Elena commented "we couldn't be happier to be working with 4AD, a label that has released so many inspirational records and whose ethos we hold in very high regard. It really is a privilege." Their first single proper, "Smother", was released in October of that year. It was playlisted by both BBC Radio 1 and 6Music, while being awarded Single of the Week by long-time supporter Huw Stephens. In December 2012 the band appeared on the David Letterman Show prior to the release of the record, which Tonra described as "perhaps (...) a cart-before-the-horse situation". If You Leave The band released their debut album, If You Leave, in March 2013 (May in Norway). Charting at Number 16 in the UK, it was also received favourably in the press; "An album as beautifully conceived as If You Leave is one you follow from start to finish, riveted by the story it weaves and the emotion it bleeds. And in these digital days that feels like a remarkable achievement" Drowned in Sound said in their 9/10 review, while The Fly in a 4/5 album review said that it's "word-in-the-ear intimate and mountain-range massive". Daughter also won Independent Album of the Year for If You Leave at the 2013 AIM Independent Music Awards in London. The band began a lengthy tour in support of the album and recruited Luke Saunders as an additional live-member to ensure the material could be reproduced. As Haefeli explained: "He plays everything we can’t play, which is keyboards, bass and some more guitar. We were really happy with the result. It took quite a while and a lot of rehearsing, but we are really happy with how the songs sound live". The band also use a number of vocal and guitar effects to achieve this sound live.During the first two months of 2014, the band travelled to the Far East and Australasia for a number of headlining shows and as part of the St Jerome's Laneway Festival. In April, Daughter supported The National on six North American tour dates, while they also announced the release of a 4AD Sessions EP, a collaboration with composer Joe Duddell. It consists of five tracks performed live at Portmeirion with an eight-piece ensemble that was also filmed. Not to Disappear In September 2014 the band indicated that they had started working on a follow-up at their own studio in London. Haefeli explained: "We've played so many shows that the first album became rockier on stage and we're playing with that dynamic". On 6 April 2015 Daughter announced they would be supporting Ben Howard on a short string of tour dates in the United States.On 30 September 2015 the band announced that they would release the 10-track album Not to Disappear in 2016, while the first single "Doing the Right Thing" was made available as a music video. Not to Disappear was released by 4AD on 15 January 2016, preceded by the music video for second single "Numbers" in November 2015. On 28 July 2016 a music video for "No Care" was released. Music from Before the Storm and Ex:Re On 1 September 2017, Daughter released their third album, titled Music From Before the Storm. The 13-track LP, mostly instrumental, was written as the soundtrack of 2017 video game Life Is Strange: Before the Storm.In November 2018, Elena Tonra announced Ex:Re, her upcoming solo debut album. It was released on 30 November 2018 via 4AD, with its first single "Romance" released on 26 November 2018.

11518184646673038910

Q444316

Griefer A griefer or bad faith player is a player in a multiplayer video game who deliberately irritates and harasses other players within the game (trolling), using aspects of the game in unintended ways. A griefer derives pleasure primarily or exclusively from the act of annoying other users, and as such is a particular nuisance in online gaming communities. History The term was applied to online, multiplayer video games by the year 2000 or earlier, as illustrated by postings to the rec.games.computer.ultima.online USENET group. The player is said to cause "grief" in the sense of "giving someone grief".The term "griefing" dates to the late 1990s, when it was used to describe the willfully antisocial behaviors seen in early massively multiplayer online games like Ultima Online and first-person shooters such as Counter-Strike. Even before it had a name, griefer-like behavior was familiar in the virtual worlds of text-based Multi-User Domains (MUDs), where joyriding invaders visited "virtual rape" and similar offenses on the local populace. Julian Dibbell's 1993 article A Rape in Cyberspace analyzed the griefing events in a particular MUD, LambdaMOO, and the staff's response.In the culture of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) in Taiwan, such as Lineage, griefers are known as "white-eyed"—a metaphor meaning that their eyes have no pupils and so they look without seeing. Behaviors other than griefing which can cause players to be stigmatized as "white-eyed" include cursing, cheating, stealing, unreasonable killing, or team killing. Industry response Many subscription-based games actively oppose griefers, since their behavior can drive away business. It is common for developers to release server-side upgrades and patches to annul griefing methods. Many online games employ gamemasters that reprimand offenders. Some use a crowdsourcing approach, where players can report griefing. Malicious players are then red-flagged, and are then dealt with at a gamemaster's discretion. As many as 25% of customer support calls to companies operating online games deal specifically with griefing.Blizzard Entertainment has enacted software components to combat griefing. To prevent non-consensual attacks between players, some games such as Ultima Online have created separate realms for those who wish to be able to attack anyone at any time, and for those who do not. Others implemented separate servers.When EverQuest was released, Sony included a PvP switch where people could fight each other only if they had enabled that option. This was done in order to prevent the player-killing that was driving people away from Ultima Online, which at that time had no protection on any of its servers.Second Life bans players for harassment (defined as being rude or threatening, making unwelcome sexual advances, or performing activities likely to annoy or alarm somebody) and assault (shooting, pushing, or shoving in a safe area, or creating scripted objects that target another user and hinder their enjoyment of the game) in its community standards. Sanctions include warnings, suspension from Second Life, or being banned altogether.Some space simulators, like Eve Online, have incorporated activities typically considered griefing as part of the gameplay mechanism. Corporate spying, theft, scams, gate-camping, and PvP on non-PvP players are all part of their gaming experience.Shooters such as Counter Strike: Global Offensive have implemented peer review systems, where if a player is reported too many times, multiple higher ranked players are allowed to review the player and determine if the reports are valid, and apply a temporary ban to the player's account if necessary. The player's name is omitted during the replay, as well as those of the other 9 players in the game. In October 2016, Valve implemented a change that will permanently ban a player if he/she receives two penalties for griefing.Many Minecraft servers have rules against griefing. In Minecraft freebuild servers, griefing is often the destruction of another player's build, and in other servers the definition ranges, but almost all servers recognize harassment as griefing. Most servers use temporary bans for minor and/or first-time incidents, and indefinite bans from the server for more serious and/or repeat offences.In recent years, Grand Theft Auto Online has experienced a drastic increase in griefing due in part to the emergence of bugs and better money-making opportunities. Common griefing techniques within the game include abusing game mechanics such as "passive mode", and abuse of weaponized vehicles. Rockstar have implemented measures such as a longer cool-down on passive mode, patching invincibility glitches, and removing passive mode from weaponized vehicles in recent updates. In addition, the game also features a reputation system that, in effect, after excessive "bad sport point" accumulation, will mark players as "bad sports", allowing them to only play in lobbies with other "bad sports". Such points are either accumulated over time or gained within a certain time frame and are acquired by actions such as destroying another player's personal vehicle, or quitting jobs early. This is one of the more controversial features of the game, as some point out flaws such as the game not considering if destruction of a vehicle was self-defense.Fallout 76 discourages players from greifing by marking them as wanted criminals you can get a reward for killing. Wanted players cannot see any other players on the world map and must rely on the player manually watching out. Popular culture In the South Park episode "Make Love, Not Warcraft", the children attempt to vanquish a griefer in World of Warcraft.

13789498129815936922

Q1064322

Charles F. Haanel Personal life and business career The Haanel family was of Swedish extraction, but had lived in Silesia, Prussia, before emigrating to Canada and thence to the United States.In St. Louis: History of the Fourth City, the author Walter B. Stevens wrote that "Charles F. Haanel was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the son of Hugo and Emeline (Fox) Haanel." He was the fourth of six children. According to Stevens, "The family moved to St. Louis, Missouri when Charles was a child. His first job was as an office boy for the National Enameling & Stamping Company in St. Louis, and he worked for this firm in varying capacities for fifteen years before striking out on his own as a writer and businessman."In 1885 he married Esther M. Smith. They had one son and two daughters. In 1891 his wife died. In 1908 he married for the second time, to Margaret Nicholson of St. Louis, whose father was W. A. Nicholson.He was a member of the Republican Party, a Freemason and Shriner affiliated with St. Louis Keystone Lodge No.243, (A.F. & A.M.) and a supporter of the Missouri Athletic Club. He was a member of Pi Gamma Mu fraternity, a Fellow of the London College of Psychotherapy, a member of the Authors League of America; a member of the American Society of Psychical Research; a member of the Society of Rosicrucians; a member of the American Suggestive Therapeutical Association; and a member of the Science League of America. During his life, Haanel earned and received several honorary academic degrees, including hon. Ph.D., College National Electronic Institute; Metaphysics, Psy. D., College of Divine Metaphysics; and M.D., Universal College of Dupleix, India.When Haanel died on November 27, 1949; he was 83 years old. His ashes were buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis. Career as financial success writer Haanel's book The Master Key System was published in 1912, when he was 46 years old. It is written in the form of a course in New Thought, mental development, financial success, and personal health. The book was heavily promoted in the pages of Elizabeth Towne's New Thought magazine The Nautilus. By 1933 it had allegedly sold over 200,000 copies worldwide. Haanel practiced the financial principles he preached, and was a self made success who owned several major companies. According to Stevens, writing in 1909, "He was president of the Continental Commercial Company, president of the Sacramento Valley Improvement Company, and president of the Mexico Gold & Silver Mining Company."The original Master Key System contained 24 parts or modules of study. The allegedly "lost" chapters of the Master Key System, chapters 25-28, which are found in some editions, are not original, but have been copied from the chapters 11-14 of A book about You. Among the key points of Haanel's system are what he refers to as the laws of concentration, attraction, and harmonious thinking and action. Unique to the Master Key System is a set of exercises that accompany each chapter, and which are systematically building upon each other — they are what makes the Master Key System a system. Another important aspect of the Master Key System is the element of "Truth". The understanding of "Truth" is derived from the understanding that Spirit is all there is, and that it cannot be other than perfect. Truth provides readers/students with certainty, courage and determination to change their life for the better.In addition to the Master Key System, Haanel wrote several other books including Mental Chemistry, published in 1922, The New Psychology, published in 1924, A Book about You, published in 1927, and The Amazing Secrets of the Yogi, co-authored with Victor Simon Perera and published in 1937. Influence on other writers In 1919, Napoleon Hill wrote Haanel a letter thanking him for The Master Key System. In the letter Hill stated, "My present success and the success which has followed my work as President of the Napoleon Hill Institute is due largely to the principles laid down in The Master-Key System."Haanel was quoted in the best-selling self-help book The Secret by Rhonda Byrne, published in 2007.

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