sigil-ml/PreTokenizedWikiEn · Datasets at Hugging Face

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49619732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarization%20%28photography%29	Solarization (photography)	In photography, solarization is the effect of tone reversal observed in cases of extreme overexposure of the photographic film in the camera. Most likely, the effect was first observed in scenery photographs including the sun. The sun, instead of being the whitest spot in the image, turned black or grey. For instance, Minor White's photograph of a winter scene, The Black Sun 1955, was a result of the shutter of his camera freezing in the open position, producing severe overexposure. Ansel Adams had also earlier created a solarized sun image, titled Black Sun, Owens Valley, California, 1939, by overexposure. Definition When a photographic layer, suitable for solarization (see below), is exposed to actinic radiation, the resulting darkening after development will not increase steadily, but reaches a maximum which decreases under more intense exposure. In general is the phenomenon only then called solarization if the exposure has been produced in one "shot", meaning no pauses or double-exposures. The exposure to achieve solarization can be increased by exposure time or by increasing the light intensity History The solarization effect was already known to Daguerre and is one of the earliest known effects in photography. John William Draper was the first to call the overexposure effect solarisation. J.W.F. Herschel already observed the reversal of the image from negative to positive by extreme overexposure in 1840. Also N.M.P. Lerebours observed the phenomenon in 1842 (without him recognizing what it was) when he made a daguerreotype of an image of the sun. The result was seen as unsatisfactory because the solar disk (image of the sun on the daguerreotype plate) was overexposed and solarized. Ludwig Moser reported in 1843: "...that the light in the camera obscura produces at first the well known negative image; with continued action of the light the image turns into a positive image.... and recently I have obtained in fact on occasion a third image which is negative". In 1880 Janssen had obtained in the strongest sunlight a repetition of the solarization phenomena. Explanation Not every photographic layer exhibits solarization. Pure Chloride and Iodine based silver emulsions are difficult or unable to solarize. In general, it can be stated that solarisation can only be observed if the photographic layer is capable to create a latent image inside the halide grain underexposure by actinic radiation. Many explanations have been given but until further notice, the solarization was until 1929 generally understood as a combination of two main processes: the coagulation (clotting) and the regression process. Regression theory The regression process theory was formulated by H. Luppo-Cramer in 1911, based on research by F. Hurter, V.C. Driffield and H. Luggin. By exposure the surface and the interior of a silver-bromide sphere will disintegrate by the expulsion of bromide. Whereas the bromide on the surface can permeate away, the bromide can not so easily permeate away from the interior. The overexposure generates now a bromide pressure that escapes from the internal sphere and permeates to the surface where it oxidizes the latent image situated there, constituting the regular latent image under normal exposures. This destroys the latent image, because only silver on the surface can be developed. Coagulation theory H. Arens published in 1925 a paper about reversal effects in which he concluded that solarization is based upon the finding that under increasing exposure the latent image successively coagulates and thus increases the size of each particular silverspeck. This again causes the silverspeck to lose its catalytic effect for the development. Bromide migration theory H. Kieser published in 1929 a paper in which he speculated about the possibility of bromide migration by defect electrons (more: Photosensitivity). In recent years an understanding has been agreed upon in which this bromide migration to the surface by overexposure forms a bromine condensation, resulting in bromine molecules or bromine atoms diffusing to the silverspecks of the latent image. Thus the latent image at the crystal surface can be re-halogenated by chemical reaction, notwithstanding an increase of the amount of latent image in the interior of the crystal. Still, the regression and coagulation theories are believed to contribute up to a certain level to the solarization effect. Pseudo-solarization Pseudo-solarisation (or pseudo-solarization) is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially reversed in tone. Dark areas appear light or light areas appear dark. The term is synonymous with the Sabattier-effect when referring to negatives. Solarisation and pseudo-solarisation are quite distinct effects. In short, the mechanism is due to halogen ions released within the halide grain by exposure diffusing to the grain surface in amounts sufficient to destroy the latent image. References Photographic techniques Science of photography	[ "In", "photo", "graphy", ",", "sol", "ar", "ization", "is", "the", "effect", "of", "t", "one", "re", "vers", "al", "ob", "served", "in", "cases", "of", "ext", "reme", "ov", "ere", "x", "pos", "ure", "of", "the", "photograph", "ic", "film", "in", "the", "cam", "era", ".", "Most", "likely", ",", "the", "effect", "was", "first", "ob", "served", "in", "scen", "ery", "photograph", "s", "including", "the", "s", "un", ".", "The", "s", "un", ",", "instead", "of", "being", "the", "wh", "it", "est", "spot", "in", "the", "image", ",", "turned", "black", "or", "g", "rey", ".", "For", "inst", "ance", ",", "Min", "or", "White", "'", "s", "photograph", "of", "a", "w", "inter", "scene", ",", "The", "Black", "Sun", "1955", ",", "was", "a", "result", "of", "the", "sh", "ut", "ter", "of", "his", "cam", "era", "free", "z", "ing", "in", "the", "open", "position", ",", "produ", "cing", "se", "v", "ere", "ov", "ere", "x", "pos", "ure", ".", "An", 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68659020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20frigate%20Mehemet%20Ali	Egyptian frigate Mehemet Ali	Mehemet Ali was a steam frigate of the navy of the Khedivate of Egypt. She was probably built in England and was launched circa 1860. Mehemet Ali deployed to Port Said in 1874 to support Egyptian Army forces under General Charles Pomeroy Stone during a dispute with the Suez Canal Company. She served as an escort to troopships during the 1877 Russo-Turkish War and was laid up in 1880. Design and construction Mehemet Ali was built circa 1860, probably in England. She was named after Muhammad Ali of Egypt who ruled Egypt from 1805 to 1848. Mehemet Ali displaced 1,735 tons and was propelled by three masts and a steam engine of 800 nominal horsepower. She was long, with a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She was armed with 20x Krupp 4.7 inch guns and 10x 40-pounder breech loading guns and was iron hulled. Service In October 1864 Mehemet Ali carried the wife of Isma'il Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, from the Bosphorus to Alexandria. Mehemet Ali was posted to Port Said in April 1874 to support forces, under General Charles Pomeroy Stone of the Egyptian Army, mobilised because of a dispute over tolls between the Khedive and the Suez Canal Company. The affair ended with the company accepting the new, lower toll rates. On 19 January 1877 Mehemet Ali was in harbour at Constantinople when the British merchant steamship Joseph Love was driven onto her by the wind. The Joseph Love sank with the loss of one of her crew drowned. Some 12 crewmen scrambled onto the Mehemet Ali and were aided by her crew; the remaining eight crew of the Joseph Love, including her captain, escaped by ship's boat. The Egyptians provided dinner to the shipwrecked men before they were handed over to a Royal Navy ship. Mehemet Ali was damaged badly at her bow and, having taken on a large quantity of water, was beached on the Kourou-tehesmé Shoal to save her from sinking. The Mehemet Ali helped escort transports carrying Egyptian forces to the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. By this time she was described by one former navy officer as "as much good as a cardboard box". Mehemet Ali was laid up in December 1880. Fate Mehemet Ali had her machinery removed from her in around 1890 and was employed as a stationary guardship at Alexandria. She was discarded in around 1898. 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60640421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul%20Albert%20La%20Roche	Raoul Albert La Roche	Raoul Albert La Roche (23 February 1889 - 15 June 1965) was a Swiss banker and art collector. He was especially interested in purism and cubism and his collections have been donated to museums in Switzerland and France. His home in Paris, Maison La Roche, was designed by his friend Le Corbusier and now houses the Le Corbusier Foundation. Early life Raoul Albert La Roche was born on 23 February 1889, and grew up in Basel, Switzerland in a bourgeois family, very closely linked to the world of art. He was the second son of the banker Louis La Roche and Emilie Caroline Burckhardt. He studied at the School of Trading in Neuchâtel (Switzerland), and became an apprentice in the Bank of Basel, and worked in Berlin and London. Career In 1912, at the age of 23, La Roche moved to Paris to work for the (BSF), which became in 1917 the . He made his career there, retiring in 1954. In 1940, during the invasion of France by the German army, he left Paris and moved to Lyon, keeping his job at the bank, until the end of the war. He returned to Paris after the war. Links with the artistic world In 1918, La Roche met Le Corbusier and was attracted to the purism style of painting whose foundations were laid by Le Corbusier. In 1922, on the occasion of a trip to Venice and Vicenza (Italy) with Le Corbusier, La Roche planned to have a villa built by his friend. This project became the "Villa della Rocca" (Villa La Roche) in Paris, at the "". The villa was built in joint ownership with Le Corbusier's brother, the violinist Albert Jeanneret, and housed his collections of paintings, including works by Picasso, Braque, Fernand Léger. La Roche donated this villa to Le Corbusier for his foundation. Death La Roche died on 15 June 1965 in Basel. He bequeathed one-third of his collection to the Musée du Louvre, another third to his hometown (Basel), which can be seen in the Kunstmuseum Basel, and the last third to the Fondation Le Corbusier. References Further reading Jacques Sbriglio, Le Corbusier: les villas la Roche-Jeanneret, éd. Fondation Le Corbusier, 1997, La Revue des arts, vol. 3 à 4, pages 250–251, éd. Conseil des musées nationaux, 1953 Pierre Courthion, D'une palette à l'autre: mémoires d'un critique d'art, éd. Baconnière Arts, 2004, Andrew Ayers, The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide, pages 245–247, Édition Axel Menges, 2004, Christopher Green, Art in France, 1900-1940, pages 57–58, ed. Yale University Press, 2003, Modern Man: The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow, p. 30 K. Schmidt, H. Fischer, éd., Ein Haus für den Kubismus: die Sammlung Raoul La Roche, p. 9 cat. expo. Bâle, 1998 External links Schmidt, H. Katharina (2007) La Roche, Raoul. In Historiches Lexicon der Schweiz. (in German). 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6219712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropexy	Nephropexy	Nephropexy is the surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney (nephroptosis). It was first performed by Eugen Hahn on 10 April 1881. References Urologic surgery	[ "Ne", "ph", "ro", "pe", "x", "y", "is", "the", "sur", "g", "ical", "fix", "ation", "of", "a", "fl", "o", "ating", "or", "m", "obile", "k", "id", "ney", "(", "ne", "ph", "rop", "tos", "is", ").", "It", "was", "first", "performed", "by", "E", "ug", "en", "H", "ah", "n", "on", "10", "April", "188", "1", ".", "References", "Ur", "olog", "ic", "sur", "g", "ery" ]	[ 25486, 24844, 24619, 24678, 92, 93, 24593, 24585, 25281, 75, 24757, 29163, 24626, 24595, 69, 24949, 83, 25105, 24586, 81, 28886, 79, 24630, 25714, 12, 24687, 24844, 25773, 29017, 24593, 24874, 24805, 24625, 24818, 26914, 24647, 41, 24880, 24587, 44, 24966, 82, 24584, 24975, 25381, 25668, 21, 18, 24838, 27425, 25029, 24597, 25281, 75, 25527 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2897106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy%C3%B3n-Oion	Oyón-Oion	Oyón in Spanish or Oion in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. The town was formed by the incorporation of the towns Barriobusto and Labraza. It is located just 5km north of the city of Logroño in La Rioja. Oyón is a sister city of the French town Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx. References External links Oyón-Oion in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Municipalities in Álava	[ "O", "y", "ón", "in", "Spanish", "or", "O", "ion", "in", "Bas", "que", "is", "a", "town", "and", "municipality", "located", "in", "the", "province", "of", "Á", "lav", "a", ",", "in", "the", "Bas", "que", "Country", ",", "northern", "Spain", ".", "The", "town", "was", "formed", "by", "the", "incorpor", "ation", "of", "the", "towns", "B", "arr", "io", "bus", "to", "and", "Lab", "ra", "za", ".", "It", "is", "located", "just", "5", "km", "north", "of", "the", "city", "of", "L", "og", "ro", "ñ", "o", "in", "La", "R", "io", "ja", ".", "O", "y", "ón", "is", "a", "sister", "city", "of", "the", "French", "town", "Saint", "-", "Martin", "-", "de", "-", "Se", "ign", "an", "x", ".", "References", "External", "links", "O", "y", "ón", "-", "O", "ion", "in", "the", "Bern", "ard", "o", "Est", "orn", "é", "s", "Las", "a", "-", "Au", "ñ", "am", "end", "i", "En", "cycl", "op", "edia", "Municip", "al", "ities", "in", "Á", "lav", "a" ]	[ 51, 93, 27161, 24581, 26617, 24586, 51, 24602, 24581, 27609, 25657, 24593, 69, 25305, 24596, 28016, 25616, 24581, 24585, 28459, 24595, 160, 28289, 69, 16, 24581, 24585, 27609, 25657, 29283, 16, 27619, 27471, 18, 24627, 25305, 24625, 25648, 24647, 24585, 27577, 24626, 24595, 24585, 29267, 38, 24848, 24860, 25545, 24601, 24596, 27917, 24840, 26992, 18, 24805, 24593, 25616, 25871, 25, 26020, 25855, 24595, 24585, 25491, 24595, 48, 24776, 24619, 208, 83, 24581, 25760, 54, 24860, 28267, 18, 51, 93, 27161, 24593, 69, 28101, 25491, 24595, 24585, 25596, 25305, 26898, 17, 27402, 17, 24650, 17, 24779, 24761, 24583, 92, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 51, 93, 27161, 17, 51, 24602, 24581, 24585, 28128, 24695, 83, 29928, 24884, 200, 87, 29936, 69, 17, 25085, 208, 24611, 24725, 77, 24879, 27518, 24644, 29698, 28526, 24591, 25082, 24581, 160, 28289, 69 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
26233572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20Louw	Francois Louw	Francois Louw (born 15 June 1985) is a South African former professional rugby union player. A flanker, he played for , the Stormers and English club . He won 76 international caps for South Africa, and was part of the team that won the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Early life Louw was born in Cape Town and is the grandson of the former South African international Jan Pickard. He attended Bishops College in Cape Town and studied rugby at the University of Stellenbosch. Playing career He represented the Stormers in Super Rugby, having made his debut during the 2008 season. He also played for in the Currie Cup. Louw was part of the Stormers team that lost the 2010 Super 14 Final to the Bulls. On 12 July 2011 it was announced that Louw signed for Bath Rugby on a 3-year deal. International Following the Super 14 season, Louw made his debut for South Africa against Wales at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. He played the entire game as South Africa won 34–31. Louw was selected for South Africa's next match, against France at his home ground, Newlands Stadium in Cape Town. Louw scored the last of five tries, helping South Africa to a 42–17 victory. After taking part in South Africa's victorious two-match series against Italy, including a try in the first Test, Louw made his Tri Nations debut in July 2010. It was the first time Louw experienced defeat as a Springbok, with New Zealand winning the game 32–12. He has become a mainstay in the Springbok side, becoming the first choice openside flank under the reign of Heyneke Meyer. He had the second most turnovers won at the 2015 Rugby World Cup with 13. He has also shown strong running and some skilful play. In 2013, against the All Blacks at Ellis Park, he made a strong run then an offload in the tackle to set up Bryan Habana for a try. Louw was named in South Africa's squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. South Africa won the tournament, defeating England in the final. Notes References External links Bath rugby profile MyPlayers profile 1985 births Living people South African rugby union players South Africa international rugby union players South African people of Dutch descent Stormers players Western Province (rugby union) players Bath Rugby players Rugby union flankers Rugby union players from Cape Town Afrikaner people South African expatriate rugby union players South African expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate rugby union players in England 2011 Rugby World Cup players 2015 Rugby World Cup players 2019 Rugby World Cup players	[ "Fran", "co", "is", "Lou", "w", "(", "born", "15", "June", "1985", ")", "is", "a", "South", "African", "former", "professional", "rugby", "union", "player", ".", "A", "fl", "ank", "er", ",", "he", "played", "for", ",", "the", "St", "or", "m", "ers", "and", "English", "club", ".", "He", "won", "76", "international", "cap", "s", "for", "South", "Africa", ",", "and", "was", "part", "of", "the", "team", "that", "won", "the", "2019", "Rugby", "World", "Cup", ".", "Early", "life", "Lou", "w", "was", "born", "in", "Cape", "Town", "and", "is", "the", "grand", "son", "of", "the", "former", "South", "African", "international", "Jan", "P", "ick", "ard", ".", "He", "attended", "B", "ish", "ops", "College", "in", "Cape", "Town", "and", "studied", "rugby", "at", "the", "University", "of", "St", "ell", "en", "b", "os", "ch", ".", "Play", "ing", "career", "He", "represented", "the", "St", "or", "m", "ers", "in", "Super", "Rugby", ",", "having", "made", "his", "debut", "during", "the", "2008", "season", ".", "He", "also", "played", "for", "in", "the", "Cur", "r", "ie", "Cup", ".", "Lou", "w", "was", "part", "of", "the", "St", "or", "m", "ers", "team", "that", "lost", "the", "2010", "Super", "14", "Final", "to", "the", "B", "ull", "s", ".", "On", "12", "July", "2011", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Lou", "w", "signed", "for", "B", "ath", "Rugby", "on", "a", "3", "-", "year", "deal", ".", 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69302348	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai%20Stargazer	Hyundai Stargazer	The Hyundai Stargazer is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by Hyundai Motor Company in Indonesia since 2022. The vehicle was first introduced on 15 July 2022 when the first units of the vehicle rolled off its assembly line at HMMI in Cikarang. It was launched and made its public debut at the 29th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 11 August. Markets Indonesia For the Indonesian market, the Stargazer is available in four initial grade levels: Active, Trend, Style and Prime. The former two grades are available with either 6-speed manual or IVT transmission options, while the latter two grades are only available with IVT transmission as standard. Captains seats are optional for each grade except for the Active grade. Hyundai SmartSense driver-assistance system is standard for the Prime grade. The Stargazer received an update on 17 July 2023. Updates consists of a revised dashboard design for all grades, new rear disc brakes and electronic parking brake with auto brake hold for the Prime grade, and a new grade called Essential, replacing the Trend grade. Vietnam In Vietnam, the Stargazer was launched on 20 October 2022. It is offered in Standard, Special and Premium grades. Captain seats are available as an option for the Premium grade. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the Premium grade. Imported from Indonesia, local production will begin in 2023. Philippines In the Philippines, the Stargazer was launched on 8 November 2022 and is offered in GL, GLS and GLS Premium grades. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the GLS Premium grade. While the Captain Seats option for the GLS Premium grade was previewed at the 18th Manila International Auto Show on 13 April 2023 and it was made available to the dealerships on 16 October 2023. Thailand In Thailand, the Stargazer was revealed on 30 November 2022 at the 39th Thailand International Motor Expo. Sales began on 20 March 2023. Brunei In Brunei, the Stargazer was launched on 5 May 2023 and the model were offered in High (7-seater) and Premium (6-seater) variants. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the Premium variant. The Standard (7-seater) variant was added in July 2023. Stargazer X The Stargazer X is a more rugged-looking variant of the regular Stargazer. It was revealed at the 30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 10 August 2023. Available in Style and Prime grades, it can be distinguished by the redesigned bonnet, grille and bumper guards, addition of black over fenders, side body cladding, roof rails, rear spoiler, 17-inch alloy wheels, and Bose-branded audio system. It was also unveiled in Thailand on 26 September 2023, with official launch scheduled on 4 October 2023. It is only offered in a single grade level. It was also launched in the Philippines on October 16, 2023 alongside the Hyundai Custin. Like the Thai model, it is only available in a single grade level. 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37008320	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagdstaffel%2039	Jagdstaffel 39	Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 39, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 39, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 68 aerial victories during the war, including 14 observation balloons downed. The squadron's victories came at the expense of seven pilots killed in action, one killed in a flying accident, five wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war. History Jasta 39 was founded on 30 June 1917 at Fliegerersatz-Abteilung (Replacement Detachment) 15, Hannover, Germany. It held its first formation 2 August 1917, under its original commander, Karl August Raben. It would serve until war's end, when the Luftstreitkräfte was disbanded. Commanding officers (Staffelführer) August Raben: 2 August 1917 (to Jasta 15 as Staffelführer on 14 March 1918) Franz von Kerssenbrock: 17 November 1917 Josef Loeser: 4 December 1917 Johann Hesselink: 4 April 1918 Duty stations Hannover, Germany: 30 June 1917 Ensisheim: 2 August 1917 Campoformido, Italy: San Giacomo, Italy Roveredo, Italy Cervada, Italy San Fior, Italy St. Loup, Champagne, France: March 1918 Boncourt, France Guesnain, France Bapaume, France Rocourt-Saint-Martin, France Erre, France Bühl, France Notable personnel Bernhard Ultsch Wilhelm Hippert Ludwig Gaim Reinhold Jörke Operations Jasta 39 opened combat operations in support of Armee-Abteilung B on 15 August 1917. On 15 September 1917, it was transferred to Italy, where it would score 41 aerial victories. The squadron would return to France in March 1918, and serve there until war's end. Aircraft Jasta 39 operated Albatros D.III and Albatros D.V fighters while in Italy. It is not known what other aircraft were used. 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1528057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overstrand%20Local%20Municipality	Overstrand Local Municipality	Overstrand Municipality (; ) is a local municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located along the Atlantic coast between Cape Town and Cape Agulhas, within the Overberg District Municipality. The principal towns in the municipality are Hermanus, Gansbaai and Kleinmond. , it had a population of 80,432. Geography The municipality covers an area of stretching along the coast of the Overberg, from the eastern edge of False Bay almost to Cape Agulhas. At its western end it is separated from the City of Cape Town by the Kogelberg mountains; to the north it is separated from the Theewaterskloof Municipality by the Kogelberg and the Kleinrivier Mountains; and to the east it abuts on the Cape Agulhas Municipality along a boundary that runs generally north-south just to the west of Elim. The western part of the municipality consists mostly of a narrow coastal plain with mountains immediately behind, while the eastern part beyond the Klein River expands away from the coast to include a wider agricultural region. According to the 2011 census the municipality has a population of 80,432 people in 28,010 households. Of this population, 36.2% describe themselves as "Black African", 31.2% as "White", and 31.0% as "Coloured". The first language of 53.5% of the population is Afrikaans, while 29.2% speak Xhosa, 12.3% speak English and 1.4% speak Sotho. Most of the towns in the municipality are on the coast, and due to the proximity to Cape Town many are holiday resorts. The largest town is Hermanus, which is situated on the northern edge of Walker Bay next to the Klein River mouth. As of 2011 Hermanus, which is the site of the municipal headquarters, has a population of 32,769. West of Hermanus, between it and the Bot River, are Onrusrivier (pop. 5,151) and Hawston (pop. 8,214) on the coast, and Fisherhaven (pop. 723) on the Bot River lagoon. On the other side of the Bot River mouth is the town of Kleinmond (pop. 6,634) and beyond it along the coast are Betty's Bay (pop. 1,380), Pringle Bay (pop. 801) and Rooi-Els (pop. 125). East of Hermanus the municipality includes a wider agricultural area away from the coast. The village of Stanford (pop. 4,797) is about inland on the Klein River. To the south, on the opposite side of Walker Bay from Hermanus, is the second-largest town in the municipality, Gansbaai (pop. 11,598). Just south of Gansbaai, on the southern edge of the Danger Point peninsula, are Van Dyksbaai (pop. 500) and Franskraalstrand (pop. 1,165). A little further along the coast is Pearly Beach (pop. 1,042). Inland from Pearly Beach, separated from the coast by a range of hills, is the agricultural hamlet of Baardskeerdersbos (pop. 103), while Wolvengat (pop. 50) is another agricultural hamlet in the far south-east of the municipality. Politics The municipal council consists of twenty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirteen wards, while the remaining twelve are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. History By the end of the apartheid era in the early 1990s there were various local authorities established on a racially-segregated basis in the area that was to become Overstrand. Municipal councils were elected by the white residents of the towns of Betty's Bay, Kleinmond, Onrusrivier, Hermanus, Stanford, and Gansbaai; and local councils by the white residents of the villages and holiday resorts: Pringle Bay, Rooi-Els, Vermont, Sandbaai, Pearly Beach, De Kelders, Kleinbaai, and Franskraalstrand. The coloured areas of Kleinmond, Stanford, Hawston, Mount Pleasant and Gansbaai were governed by management committees subordinate to the white municipalities; and the black area of Zwelihle was governed by a town council established under the Black Local Authorities Act. Rural areas were served by the Overberg Regional Services Council. While the negotiations to end apartheid were taking place a process was established for local authorities to negotiate voluntary mergers. In January 1993 the Municipality of Kleinmond merged with its management committee to form a single Municipality for the Area of Kleinmond; and the Municipality of Gansbaai merged with its management committee and the local councils of De Kelders, Kleinbaai, Franskraalstrand and Pearly Beach to form a single Municipality for the Area of Gansbaai. In January 1994 the Betty's Bay Municipality merged with the local councils of Pringle Bay and Rooi-Els to form the Hangklip Municipality. After the national elections of 1994 a process of local government transformation began, in which negotiations were held between the existing local authorities, political parties, and local community organisations. As an outcome of these negotiations, transitional local councils (TLCs) were created and the existing local authorities were dissolved. In December 1994, the Greater Hermanus TLC replaced the Hermanus Municipality, the Onrusrivier Municipality, the Zwelihle Town Council, the management committees of Hawston and Mount Pleasant, and the local councils of Vermont and Sandbaai. In the same month the Gansbaai TLC replaced the Municipality for the Area of Gansbaai. In January 1995 Hangklip/Kleinmond TLC replaced Hangklip Municipality and the Municipality for the Area of Kleinmond, and the Stanford TLC replaced the Municipality of Stanford and the Stanford Management Committee. The transitional councils were initially made up of members nominated by the various parties to the negotiations, until May 1996 when elections were held. At these elections the Overberg District Council was established, replacing the Overberg Regional Services Council. Transitional representative councils (TRCs) were also elected to represent rural areas outside the TLCs on the District Council; the area that was to become Overstrand included the Hermanus TRC as well as parts of the Caledon and Bredasdorp TRCs. At the local elections of December 2000 the TLCs and TRCs were dissolved, and the Overstrand Municipality was created as a single local authority incorporating both rural and urban areas. It was considered a stronghold of the now defunct New National Party (NNP), which had held (sometimes concealed) majorities of two thirds in the predecessor municipalities after the November 1995 municipal elections, which were the first since South Africa had its first multi-racial elections. After the 2000 election, Willie Smuts, previously mayor of Hangklip-Kleinmond Municipality, was elected mayor, representing the Democratic Alliance (DA), before he defected along with seven other DA councillors to the New National Party (NNP) after the October 2002 floor-crossing window. The NNP then formed a coalition with the African National Congress (ANC) when the council was reconstituted. After the September 2004 floor crossing Smuts then crossed the floor to the ANC along with most NNP councillors which gave the ANC an outright majority in the town for the first time. At the time of the March 2006 local elections the eastern boundary with Cape Agulhas Municipality was moved west, with Cape Agulhas taking over rural land to the north and south of Elim. In the 2006 elections the DA won an outright majority of 10 seats in the 19-seat council. Willie Smuts was replaced as Mayor by Theo Beyleveldt. The DA consolidated its hold in the council following the September 2007 floor crossing window which saw the party gain an eleventh seat from the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP). The ANC lost a seat to the newly formed National People's Party, as did the Independent Democrats, whose only representative in the Overstrand Council crossed over. In the May 2011 local elections, the DA again won Overstrand outright, taking fifteen of the twenty-five seats on the council, with the ANC taking nine and the National Independent Civic Organisation one. In the August 2016 local elections, the DA increased its majority to sixteen of twenty-five seats, with the ANC taking eight and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) taking one. In a by-election in December 2020, the Land Party won a seat from the ANC In the November 2021 local elections, the council was expanded to twenty-seven seats. The DA won seventeen seats, the ANC four, the Land Party and the Freedom Front Plus two each, and the EFF and the ACDP one each. Election results The most recent election of the municipal council was held on 1 November 2021; the Democratic Alliance won a majority of 17 seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the 2021 election. Mayors Annelie Rabie (1 November 2021 until present) (DA) Dudley Coetzee (28 February 2018 – 30 October 2021) (DA) Rudolph Smith (2016–2018; died on 5 January 2018) Nicolette Botha-Guthrie (2010–2016) (DA) Theo Beyleveldt (March 2006 – 2010) (DA) Willie Smuts (September 2004 – March 2006) (ANC) Willie Smuts (October 2002 – September 2004) (NNP) Willie Smuts (December 2000 – October 2002) (DA) References External links Official website Overstrand Local Municipality on the Western Cape Government website Local municipalities of the Overberg District Municipality	[ "Over", "str", "and", "Municip", "ality", "(;", ")", "is", "a", "local", "municipality", "in", "the", "Western", "Cape", "province", "of", "South", "Africa", ".", "It", "is", "located", "along", "the", "Atlantic", "coast", "between", "Cape", "Town", "and", "Cape", "Ag", "ul", "has", ",", "within", "the", "Over", "berg", "District", "Municip", "ality", ".", "The", "princ", "ipal", "towns", "in", "the", "municipality", "are", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "and", "K", "le", "in", "mond", ".", ",", "it", "had", "a", "population", "of", "80", ",", "4", "32", ".", "Geography", "The", "municipality", "c", "overs", "an", "area", "of", "st", "ret", "ch", "ing", "along", "the", "coast", "of", "the", "Over", "berg", ",", "from", "the", "eastern", "edge", "of", "Fal", "se", "Bay", "almost", "to", "Cape", "Ag", "ul", "has", ".", "At", "its", "western", "end", "it", "is", "separ", "ated", "from", "the", "City", "of", "Cape", "Town", "by", "the", "K", "og", "el", "berg", "mountain", "s", ";", "to", "the", "north", "it", "is", "separ", "ated", "from", "the", "The", "ew", "aters", "k", "lo", "of", "Municip", "ality", "by", "the", "K", "og", "el", "berg", "and", "the", "K", "le", "in", "r", "iv", "ier", "Mountain", "s", ";", "and", "to", "the", "east", "it", "ab", "ut", "s", "on", "the", "Cape", "Ag", "ul", "has", "Municip", "ality", "along", "a", "bound", "ary", "that", "runs", "generally", "north", "-", "south", "just", "to", "the", "west", "of", "El", "im", ".", "The", "western", "part", "of", "the", "municipality", "consists", "mostly", "of", "a", "nar", "row", "coast", "al", "pl", "ain", "with", "mountain", "s", "immediately", "behind", ",", "while", "the", "eastern", "part", "bey", "ond", "the", "K", "le", "in", "River", "exp", "ands", "away", "from", "the", "coast", "to", "include", "a", "wid", "er", "agricult", "ural", "region", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2011", "census", "the", "municipality", "has", "a", "population", "of", "80", ",", "4", "32", "people", "in", "28", ",", "0", "10", "households", ".", "Of", "this", "population", ",", "36", ".", "2", "%", "descr", "ibe", "themselves", "as", "\"", "Black", "African", "\",", "31", ".", "2", "%", "as", "\"", "White", "\",", "and", "31", ".", "0", "%", "as", "\"", "Col", "our", "ed", "\".", "The", "first", "language", "of", "53", ".", "5", "%", "of", "the", "population", "is", "Afr", "ika", "ans", ",", "while", "29", ".", "2", "%", "spe", "ak", "X", "h", "os", "a", ",", "12", ".", "3", "%", "spe", "ak", "English", "and", "1", ".", "4", "%", "spe", "ak", "S", "oth", "o", ".", "Most", "of", "the", "towns", "in", "the", "municipality", "are", "on", "the", "coast", ",", "and", "due", "to", "the", "pro", "x", "im", "ity", "to", "Cape", "Town", "many", "are", "hol", "iday", "res", "or", "ts", ".", "The", "largest", "town", "is", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "which", "is", "sit", "uated", "on", "the", "northern", "edge", "of", "Wal", "ker", "Bay", "next", "to", "the", "K", "le", "in", "River", "mouth", ".", "As", "of", "2011", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "which", "is", "the", "site", "of", "the", "municipal", "head", "quarters", ",", "has", "a", "population", "of", "32", ",", "76", "9", ".", "West", "of", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "between", "it", "and", "the", "B", "ot", "River", ",", "are", "On", "r", "us", "r", "iv", "ier", "(", "pop", ".", "5", ",", "15", "1", ")", "and", "Haw", "ston", "(", "pop", ".", "8", ",", "21", "4", ")", "on", "the", "coast", ",", "and", "Fish", "er", "h", "aven", "(", "pop", ".", "7", "23", ")", "on", "the", "B", "ot", "River", "l", "ago", "on", ".", "On", "the", "other", "side", "of", "the", "B", "ot", "River", "mouth", "is", "the", "town", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", "(", "pop", ".", "6", ",", "6", "34", ")", "and", "bey", "ond", "it", "along", "the", "coast", "are", "Bet", "ty", "'", "s", "Bay", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "3", "80", "),", "Pr", "ing", "le", "Bay", "(", "pop", ".", "80", "1", ")", "and", "Ro", "o", "i", "-", "El", "s", "(", "pop", ".", "12", "5", ").", "East", "of", "Her", "man", "us", "the", "municipality", "includes", "a", "wid", "er", "agricult", "ural", "area", "away", "from", "the", "coast", ".", "The", "village", "of", "Stan", "ford", "(", "pop", ".", "4", ",", "79", "7", ")", "is", "about", "in", "land", "on", "the", "K", "le", "in", "River", ".", "To", "the", "south", ",", "on", "the", "op", "pos", "ite", "side", "of", "Wal", "ker", "Bay", "from", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "is", "the", "second", "-", "largest", "town", "in", "the", "municipality", ",", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "(", "pop", ".", "11", ",", "59", "8", ").", "Just", "south", "of", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", ",", "on", "the", "southern", "edge", "of", "the", "D", "anger", "Point", "pen", "ins", "ula", ",", "are", "Van", "D", "y", "ks", "ba", "ai", "(", "pop", ".", "500", ")", "and", "Fran", "sk", "ra", "al", "str", "and", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "16", "5", ").", "A", "little", "further", "along", "the", "coast", "is", "P", "early", "Beach", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "0", "42", ").", "In", "land", "from", "P", "early", "Beach", ",", "separ", "ated", "from", "the", "coast", "by", "a", "range", "of", "hill", "s", ",", "is", "the", "agricult", "ural", "ham", "let", "of", "Ba", "ards", "ke", "er", "d", "ers", "b", "os", "(", "pop", ".", "10", "3", "),", "while", "W", "ol", "v", "eng", "at", "(", "pop", ".", "50", ")", "is", "another", "agricult", "ural", "ham", "let", "in", "the", "far", "south", "-", "east", "of", "the", "municipality", ".", "Polit", "ics", "The", "municipal", "council", "consists", "of", "twenty", "-", "five", "members", "elected", "by", "mixed", "-", "member", "pro", "port", "ional", "represent", "ation", ".", "Th", "ir", "teen", "coun", "c", "ill", "ors", "are", "elected", "by", "first", "-", "past", "-", "the", "-", "post", "vot", "ing", "in", "th", "ir", "teen", "wards", ",", "while", "the", "remaining", "tw", "el", "ve", "are", "ch", "osen", "from", "party", "l", "ists", "so", "that", "the", "total", "number", "of", "party", "represent", "atives", "is", "pro", "port", "ional", "to", "the", "number", "of", "votes", "received", ".", "History", "By", "the", "end", "of", "the", "ap", "ar", "the", "id", "era", "in", "the", "early", "1990s", "there", "were", "various", "local", "authorities", "established", "on", "a", "rac", "ially", "-", "se", "greg", "ated", "basis", "in", "the", "area", "that", "was", "to", "become", 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66037911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20in%20professional%20wrestling	2021 in professional wrestling	2021 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling. The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected the professional wrestling industry worldwide in 2020, with many promotions presenting shows behind closed doors. Some events were canceled while others were rescheduled to occur in 2021. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling reintroduced a limited number of live fans in the second half of 2020, while WWE had live fans at WrestleMania 37 in April 2021. The majority of promotions have continued to present empty arena shows or shows with limited capacity, while AEW and WWE resumed live touring with full capacity crowds in July. List of notable promotions These promotions are holding notable shows throughout 2021. Calendar of notable shows January February March April May June July August September October November December Events affected by COVID-19 Postponed events Canceled events Notable events March 15 – AEW Dark: Elevation premiered on YouTube March 18 – Under a new agreement between WWE and NBCUniversal, the WWE Network became a premium channel under Peacock in the United States. Following a brief transitional period, the standalone version of the WWE Network in the U.S. shut down on April 4. This did not affect the service outside of the U.S. April 9 – All Elite Wrestling held its first-ever house show, "The House Always Wins." May 30 – AEW Double or Nothing is the first major wrestling show to operate at full venue capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic June 4 – Beginning with this day's episode of Viernes Espectacular, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre resumed a live touring schedule after over a year of producing shows in Arena México without full capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. July 7 – Beginning with this day's episode of AEW Dynamite, which aired as a special episode called "Road Rager", All Elite Wrestling resumed a live touring schedule after over a year of producing shows from Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida, becoming the first major promotion to resume touring during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also the first in AEW's "Welcome Back" tour, which continued with Fyter Fest (July 14 and 21) and concluded with Fight for the Fallen (July 28). July 16 – Beginning with this day's episode of WWE SmackDown, WWE resumed a live touring schedule for their Raw and SmackDown brands after nearly a year of producing shows from the WWE ThunderDome bio-secure bubble. August 13 – AEW Rampage premiered on TNT, marking the first weekly wrestling series to air Friday nights on a Turner channel since WCW Power Hour in 1994. August 20 - CM Punk returned to professional wrestling for the first time in seven years on a live special episode of AEW Rampage titled The First Dance. October 27 – Ring of Honor announced that they were going on hiatus until at least April 2022, and all talent and staff would be released from their contracts after Final Battle in December. Accomplishments and tournaments AAA AEW AJPW CMLL DDT Dragon Gate MLW Gleat Impact NJPW NWA ROH Noah Sendai Girls WWE Zero1 Title changes AEW CMLL DDT Impact IWRG AAA MLW NJPW NWA ROH The Crash WWE – Raw – SmackDown – NXT – NXT UK – Unbranded Raw and SmackDown Raw and SmackDown each have a world championship, a secondary championship, a women's championship, and a male tag team championship. NXT NXT UK Unbranded These titles are not brand exclusive. The colors indicate the home brand of the champions (names without a color are former WWE wrestlers, Hall of Famers, or non-wrestlers). Awards and honors WWE WWE Hall of Fame Impact Impact Hall of Fame Debuts February 14 – Yuto Nakashima (NJPW) March 11 Astroman Junya Matsunaga April 30 – Minorita (Dragon Gate) May 3 – Aoi June 9 – Saito Brothers July 1 – Maya Fukuda (Gleat) August 24 – Brutus Creed, Julius Creed and Ryohei Oiwa (NJPW) October 5 – Trick Williams (NXT) October 12 – Yuki Ishida (DDT) October 19 – Ru Feng (NXT) October 22 – Natsuki (Actwres girl'Z) November 2 – Erica Yan (NXT) November 13 - Kiku (Ice Ribbon) December 8 – Hook December 18 – Evan Golden Retirements January – Lars Sullivan (2015-2021) March – The Brian Kendrick April 20 – Kenny Dykstra (2001-2021) April 28 – Sadie Gibbs May 6 – Solo Darling (2011–2021) June 16 – A. C. H. June 27 – Matsuya Uno July 31 - David Arquette (2000-July 31, 2021) August 1 – Masato Yoshino August 22 – Ryo Kawamura August 28 – Awesome Kong (1999-2021) November 5 – Sabu (1984-2021) November 23 – Rina Shingaki (2018–2021) Deaths January 7 - Bobby Davis (born 1937) January 10 - Danie Voges (born 1954) January 11 - David Khakhaleishvili (born 1971) January 16 – Paul Varelans (born 1969) February 1 – Dustin Diamond (born 1977) February 5 – Butch Reed (born 1954) February 5 – Leon Spinks (born in 1953) February 11 – Rusty Brooks (born 1958) February 20 – Dean Ho (born 1940) February 23 – Art Michalik (born 1930) February 26 – Johnny De Fazio (born 1940) March 1 – Ann Casey (born 1938) March 3 – Jim Crockett Jr. (born 1944) March 5 – Buddy Colt (born 1936) March 19 – Barry Orton (born 1958) April 6 – Jack Veneno (born 1942) April 8 – John da Silva (born 1934) May 14 – New Jack (born 1963) May 17 – Don Kernodle (born 1950) May 24 – Paul Christy (born 1939) May 28 – Tony Marino (born 1931) June 2 – Pasión Kristal (born 1976) June 23 – Melissa Coates (born 1971) June 30 – The Patriot (born 1961) July 7 – Chris Youngblood (born 1966) July 12 – Paul Orndorff (born 1949) July 26 – Brazo de Plata (born 1963) July 28 – Ted Lewin (born 1935) August 2 – Hideki Hosaka (born 1971) August 3 – Jody Hamilton (born 1938) August 4 – Bobby Eaton (born 1958) – Bert Prentice (born 1958) August 12 – Dominic DeNucci (born 1932) August 14 - Fez Whatley (born 1964) August 21 - Jarvis Astaire (born 1923) August 23 – Brick Bronsky (born 1964) September 1 Daffney (born 1975) Yar (born 1971) September 2 – Steve Lawler (born 1965) – Ryan Sakoda (born 1974) September 7 – Bill White (born 1945) September 21 – Rumi Kazama (born 1965) October 7 – Reggie Parks (born 1934) October 17 – Hido (born 1969) November 6 – Angelo Mosca (born 1937) November 11 - Buzz Tyler (born 1948) November 14 - John Lees (born 1930) November 15 – Estrella Blanca (born 1938) November 28 – Pat Barrett (born 1936) December 1 – Kal Rudman (born 1930) December 8 – Blackjack Lanza (born 1935) December 13 – Jimmy Rave (born 1982) December 22 - Corporal Kirchner (born 1957) December 27 - Markus Crane (b. 1988) December 31 - Strong Kobayashi (born 1940) See also List of WWE pay-per-view and WWE Network events, WWE Raw special episodes, WWE SmackDown special episodes, and WWE NXT special episodes List of AEW pay-per-view events, AEW Dynamite special episodes, and AEW Rampage special episodes List of Impact Wrestling pay-per-view events and Impact Plus Monthly Specials List of NJPW major events and NJPW Strong special episodes List of ROH pay-per-view events List of World Wonder Ring Stardom major events List of major Pro Wrestling Noah events List of major DDT Pro-Wrestling events List of MLW events List of NWA pay-per-view events WWE ThunderDome References professional wrestling	[ "2021", "in", "professional", "wrest", "ling", "describ", "es", "the", "year", "'", "s", "events", "in", "the", "world", 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"produ", "cing", "shows", "in", "Ar", "ena", "M", "é", "x", "ico", "without", "full", "capacity", "due", "to", "the", "COVID", "-", "19", "p", "and", "emic", ".", "July", "7", "–", "Be", "g", "inning", "with", "this", "day", "'", "s", "episode", "of", "A", "E", "W", "D", "y", "nam", "ite", ",", "which", "aired", "as", "a", "special", "episode", "called", "\"", "Road", "R", "ag", "er", "\",", "All", "El", "ite", "W", "rest", "ling", "res", "umed", "a", "live", "to", "uring", "sched", "ule", "after", "over", "a", "year", "of", "produ", "cing", "shows", "from", "D", "aily", "'", "s", "Place", "in", "Jackson", "ville", ",", "Florida", ",", "becoming", "the", "first", "major", "promot", "ion", "to", "res", "ume", "to", "uring", "during", "the", "COVID", "-", "19", "p", "and", "emic", ".", "It", "was", "also", "the", "first", "in", "A", "E", "W", "'", "s", "\"", "Wel", "come", "Back", "\"", "tour", ",", "which", "continued", "with", "F", "y", "ter", "F", "est", "(", "July", "14", "and", 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38243394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20Rowing%20and%20Athletic%20Association	Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association	The Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association (also known as the Torontos as well as Toronto Rugby and Athletic Association) were an ORFU football team in the early 20th century. The team was founded in 1908 as Toronto Amateur Athletic Club and became the team of the Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association in 1912. The team won the ORFU championship in 1915, 1919 and 1920. In 1915 they played in the 7th Grey Cup, losing to the Hamilton Tigers. MRFU season-by-season References Ontario Rugby Football Union teams Canadian football teams in Toronto Defunct Canadian football teams 1911 establishments in Ontario Sports clubs and teams established in 1911 1921 disestablishments in Ontario Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1921	[ "The", "Toronto", "R", "ow", "ing", "and", "Athlet", "ic", "Association", "(", "also", "known", "as", "the", "Toronto", "s", "as", "well", "as", "Toronto", "Rugby", "and", "Athlet", "ic", "Association", ")", "were", "an", "O", "R", "F", "U", "football", "team", "in", "the", "early", "20th", "century", ".", "The", "team", "was", "founded", "in", "1908", "as", "Toronto", "Am", "ateur", "Athlet", "ic", "Club", "and", "became", "the", "team", "of", "the", "Toronto", "R", "ow", "ing", "and", "Athlet", "ic", "Association", "in", "1912", ".", "The", "team", "won", "the", "O", "R", "F", "U", "championship", "in", "1915", ",", "1919", "and", "1920", ".", "In", "1915", "they", "played", "in", "the", "7th", "G", "rey", "Cup", ",", "losing", "to", "the", "Ham", "ilton", "T", "ig", "ers", ".", "M", "R", "F", "U", "season", "-", "by", "-", "season", "References", "Ontario", "Rugby", "Football", "Union", "teams", "Canadian", "football", "teams", "in", "Toronto", "De", "fun", "ct", "Canadian", "football", "teams", "1911", "establishments", "in", "Ontario", "Sports", "clubs", "and", "teams", "established", "in", "1911", "1921", "dis", "establishments", "in", "Ontario", "Sports", "clubs", "and", "teams", "dis", "established", "in", "1921" ]	[ 24627, 28621, 54, 24639, 24599, 24596, 27816, 24597, 26196, 12, 24762, 25137, 24594, 24585, 28621, 87, 24594, 25173, 24594, 28621, 29200, 24596, 27816, 24597, 26196, 13, 24747, 24583, 51, 54, 42, 57, 25128, 25036, 24581, 24585, 25551, 26025, 25087, 18, 24627, 25036, 24625, 26409, 24581, 29636, 24594, 28621, 25417, 29736, 27816, 24597, 26188, 24596, 25244, 24585, 25036, 24595, 24585, 28621, 54, 24639, 24599, 24596, 27816, 24597, 26196, 24581, 29131, 18, 24627, 25036, 25400, 24585, 51, 54, 42, 57, 27405, 24581, 29292, 16, 28656, 24596, 27519, 18, 24657, 29292, 25002, 25350, 24581, 24585, 29962, 43, 26806, 25782, 16, 29745, 24601, 24585, 26549, 29338, 56, 24628, 24629, 18, 49, 54, 42, 57, 25042, 17, 24647, 17, 25042, 24838, 28672, 29200, 26178, 26275, 26380, 26113, 25128, 26380, 24581, 28621, 24821, 26053, 24637, 26113, 25128, 26380, 29527, 26712, 24581, 28672, 26760, 28031, 24596, 26380, 25572, 24581, 29527, 29066, 24913, 26712, 24581, 28672, 26760, 28031, 24596, 26380, 24913, 25572, 24581, 29066 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
7374302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Malmstr%C3%B6m	Louise Malmström	Louise Malmström (born 1972), is a Swedish social democratic politician who has been a member of the Riksdag since 2002. External links Louise Malmström at the Riksdag website 1972 births Living people Members of the Riksdag from the Social Democrats Women members of the Riksdag Members of the Riksdag 2002–2006 21st-century Swedish women politicians Members of the Riksdag 2006–2010 Members of the Riksdag 2010–2014	[ "Lou", "ise", "Mal", "m", "str", "ö", "m", "(", "born", "1972", "),", "is", "a", "Swedish", "social", "dem", "ocr", "atic", "politician", "who", "has", "been", "a", "member", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "since", "2002", ".", "External", "links", "Lou", "ise", "Mal", "m", "str", "ö", "m", "at", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "website", "1972", "births", "Living", "people", "Members", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "from", "the", "Social", "Democr", "ats", "Women", "members", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "Members", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "2002", "–", "2006", "21st", "-", "century", "Swedish", "women", "politicians", "Members", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "2006", "–", "2010", "Members", "of", "the", "R", "i", "ks", "d", "ag", "2010", "–", "2014" ]	[ 26149, 25279, 25893, 81, 24740, 213, 81, 12, 25049, 27071, 24758, 24593, 69, 28165, 26455, 25826, 26406, 25677, 26900, 24831, 24808, 24948, 69, 25537, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 25570, 25908, 18, 25065, 25051, 26149, 25279, 25893, 81, 24740, 213, 81, 24590, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 26658, 27071, 25393, 25766, 24941, 27585, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 24672, 24585, 27506, 26750, 25729, 26348, 25622, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 27585, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 25908, 4992, 25562, 26639, 17, 25087, 28165, 25522, 27901, 27585, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 25562, 4992, 25449, 27585, 24595, 24585, 54, 77, 24737, 72, 24638, 25449, 4992, 25590 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
25254035	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20Macy%20Butler	Allan Macy Butler	Allan Macy Butler (1894–1986) was an American pediatrician and Chief of the Children's Medical Services at Massachusetts General Hospital and a professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. A pioneer in health services, Butler sought to change the structure of the American ‘fee-for-service’ system of health care to one based on government-paid medical care for the elderly and low-income people. Butler was born April 3, 1894, in Yonkers, New York. The son of George Prentice Butler, a stockbroker, he was one of eight children. Butler spent World War I overseas, serving as an artillery officer in the American Expeditionary Forces. Afterward, he served in Poland as part of the Hoover Commission. Butler entered Harvard Medical School in 1922. After graduating in 1926, he worked at the Rockefeller Institute. It was there that he developed an interest in fluid and electrolyte metabolism. During World War II, he worked on life-raft studies conducted by the Office of Scientific Research and Development that led to advancements in treating diarrhea and dehydration. In 1929, Butler returned to Harvard as an instructor in Pediatrics. He attained the title of Professor of Pediatrics in 1944 and served as Chief of Children's Medical Service and Staff Physician in charge of the Chemical Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital. He would remain at these two posts, concurrently, until 1960. Butler's advocacy for medical insurance and pre-paid methods of health care embroiled him in the socialized medicine debate. He would also face a loyalty review by the Civil Service Commission Loyalty Review Board. After his trial he provided support in the form of testimony and letters for colleagues who were being tried under the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950. He was a dedicated opponent of the Vietnam War and a supporter of abortion rights, nuclear disarmament, and nonviolent resistance. In 1969 Butler received the American Pediatric Society's highest award, the John Howland Award. References Further reading Allan Macy Butler Papers, 1916-1986(inclusive), 1930-1969(bulk), HMS c313. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine,Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. 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18651758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pandora%20Principle	The Pandora Principle	The Pandora Principle is a science fiction novel by American writer Carolyn Clowes, part of the Star Trek: The Original Series. It features the origin story of Saavik, and how she came to know Spock. Plot A Romulan Bird of Prey drifts over the Neutral Zone and into Federation territory. Admiral James T. Kirk and the Enterprise take the ship back to Earth, unaware of the deadly force hiding inside. It is soon learned one way to battle the threat is via the traumatic childhood knowledge of Saavik and her birth planet Hellguard. Production Saavik's origins are first mentioned in Vonda McIntyre's novelization of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, where she is said to be half-Romulan and from a planet called Hellguard. Clowes expanded on this story to add that she was one of a number of feral children, which was reflected in later works by other authors such as Margaret Wander Bonanno in her novel Unspoken Truth. Carolyn Clowes was inspired to write a Star Trek novel by Star Trek III: The Search for Spock and the novelization by McIntyre. Clowes first submitted an outline and sample chapters to Pocket Books in 1985, with publication taking place in 1990. She said that: "There was a great deal of back-and-forth with Pocket and Paramount over story, then endless revisions. So it took a while to get born." Reception Ellen Cheeseman-Meyer reflected on the book for Tor.com, comparing it to other similar Star Trek novels with Vulcan abduction stories. She considered Saavik to be a Mary Sue character, but one that she liked, and compared the book to works by author Robert A. Heinlein. However, she thought that the downside to the book was that the resolution of the Saavik and Spock story was their encounter during his pon farr during The Search For Spock, a film that Clowes acknowledged in the book. References Sources External links Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series 1990 American novels American science fiction novels	[ "The", "P", "and", "ora", "Princ", "iple", "is", "a", "science", "fiction", "novel", "by", "American", "writer", "Carol", "yn", "Cl", "ow", "es", ",", "part", "of", "the", "Star", "Tre", "k", ":", "The", "Origin", "al", "Series", ".", "It", "features", "the", "origin", "story", "of", "Sa", "av", "ik", ",", "and", "how", "she", "came", "to", "know", "Sp", "ock", ".", "Pl", "ot", "A", "Rom", "ul", "an", "B", "ird", "of", "P", "rey", "dr", "if", "ts", "over", "the", "Ne", "ut", "ral", "Z", "one", "and", "into", "Federation", "territory", ".", "Ad", "mir", "al", "James", "T", ".", "Kir", "k", "and", "the", "Enter", "prise", "take", "the", "ship", "back", "to", "Earth", ",", "un", "aw", "are", "of", "the", "dead", "ly", "force", "h", "iding", "inside", ".", "It", "is", "soon", "lear", "ned", "one", "way", "to", "battle", "the", "threat", "is", "via", "the", 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3762663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lost%20Worlds%20of%202001	The Lost Worlds of 2001	The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by English writer Arthur C. Clarke, published as an accompaniment to the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey. The book consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting (and rewriting), as well as production issues. The core of the book, however, comprises excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version. Alternative settings for launch preparation, the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost, and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are among the elements and scenes featured. Also included is the original 1948 short story "The Sentinel", the germ of the film's script. References External links 1972 books Space Odyssey Books by Arthur C. Clarke British books New American Library books	[ "The", "L", "ost", "World", "s", "of", "2001", "is", "a", "1972", "book", "by", "English", "writer", "Arthur", "C", ".", "Clar", "ke", ",", "published", "as", "an", "ac", "compan", "iment", "to", "the", "novel", "2001", ":", "A", "Space", "O", "d", "ys", "sey", ".", "The", "book", "consists", "in", "part", "of", "behind", "-", "the", "-", "scen", "es", "notes", "from", "Clar", "ke", "concer", "ning", "scr", "ip", "tw", "rit", "ing", "(", "and", "re", "writing", "),", "as", "well", "as", "production", "issues", ".", "The", "core", "of", "the", "book", ",", "however", ",", "com", "pr", "ises", "ex", "cer", "p", "ts", "from", "the", "pro", "to", "-", "novel", "and", "an", "early", "screen", "play", "that", "did", "not", "make", "it", "into", "the", "final", "version", ".", "Al", "tern", "ative", "sett", "ings", "for", "launch", "prepar", "ation", ",", "the", "E", "V", "A", "scene", "where", "astr", "on", "aut", "Frank", "Po", "ole", "is", "lost", ",", "and", "v", "ary", "ing", "dial", "og", "ues", "concer", "ning", "the", "H", "A", "L", "9", "000", "unit", "are", "among", "the", "elements", "and", "scen", "es", "featured", ".", "Also", "included", "is", "the", "original", "1948", "short", "story", "\"", "The", "S", "ent", "in", "el", "\",", "the", "ger", "m", "of", "the", "film", "'", "s", "s", "cript", ".", "References", "External", "links", "1972", "books", "Space", "O", "d", "ys", "sey", "Books", "by", "Arthur", "C", ".", "Clar", "ke", "British", "books", "New", "American", "Library", "books" ]	[ 24627, 48, 24764, 25166, 87, 24595, 25933, 24593, 69, 27071, 25756, 24647, 25407, 26408, 28687, 39, 18, 29474, 24801, 16, 25728, 24594, 24583, 24616, 26290, 26227, 24601, 24585, 26675, 25933, 30, 37, 29444, 51, 72, 25312, 26664, 18, 24627, 25756, 28686, 24581, 24791, 24595, 27606, 17, 24585, 17, 29206, 24589, 28870, 24672, 29474, 24801, 26559, 25925, 28348, 24696, 24759, 24773, 24599, 12, 24596, 24600, 27281, 24758, 24594, 25173, 24594, 26193, 27697, 18, 24627, 29711, 24595, 24585, 25756, 16, 26537, 16, 24665, 24666, 27622, 24707, 25040, 84, 24704, 24672, 24585, 24685, 24601, 17, 26675, 24596, 24583, 25551, 27567, 24755, 24682, 25671, 24809, 26127, 24598, 25000, 24585, 25738, 26147, 18, 24788, 24760, 25077, 26304, 24939, 24618, 26703, 28507, 24626, 16, 24585, 41, 58, 37, 29081, 25072, 27736, 24584, 26505, 26741, 26077, 26578, 24593, 26439, 16, 24596, 90, 24713, 24599, 29885, 24776, 25966, 26559, 25925, 24585, 44, 37, 48, 29, 25348, 27829, 24686, 26134, 24585, 28907, 24596, 29206, 24589, 27104, 18, 29095, 25922, 24593, 24585, 25967, 27854, 25903, 26241, 6, 24627, 55, 24609, 24581, 24613, 25243, 24585, 26065, 81, 24595, 24585, 24932, 11, 87, 87, 26520, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 27071, 26816, 29444, 51, 72, 25312, 26664, 28619, 24647, 28687, 39, 18, 29474, 24801, 25320, 26816, 24871, 24868, 28036, 26816 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
23616258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclamation%20fund	Reclamation fund	The reclamation fund is a special fund established by the United States Congress under the Reclamation Act of 1902, as amended, for receipts from the sale of public lands and timber, proceeds from the Mineral Leasing Act, and certain other revenues. Congress appropriates money from this fund for the investigation, construction, operation, and administration of Bureau of Reclamation projects. Collections from water users for payments made on the reimbursable costs of the federal projects are also returned to the fund. References United States Department of the Interior	[ "The", "re", "cl", "am", "ation", "fund", "is", "a", "special", "fund", "established", "by", "the", "United", "States", "Congress", "under", "the", "Re", "cl", "am", "ation", "Act", "of", "190", "2", ",", "as", "am", "ended", ",", "for", "rece", "ip", "ts", "from", "the", "s", "ale", "of", "public", "lands", "and", "tim", "ber", ",", "pro", "ce", "eds", "from", "the", "Min", "eral", "Le", "asing", "Act", ",", "and", "certain", "other", "re", "ven", "ues", ".", "Congress", "appro", "pri", "ates", "money", "from", "this", "fund", "for", "the", "investig", "ation", ",", "construction", ",", "operation", ",", "and", "administration", "of", "B", "ureau", "of", "Re", "cl", "am", "ation", "projects", ".", "Col", "le", "ctions", "from", "water", "us", "ers", "for", "pay", "ments", "made", "on", "the", "re", "im", "bur", "s", "able", "cost", "s", "of", "the", "federal", "projects", "are", "also", "returned", "to", "the", "fund", ".", "References", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "the", "Inter", "ior" ]	[ 24627, 24600, 24691, 24611, 24626, 26807, 24593, 69, 26318, 26807, 25572, 24647, 24585, 24994, 25131, 27337, 25016, 24585, 24693, 24691, 24611, 24626, 25928, 24595, 25454, 22, 16, 24594, 24611, 25396, 16, 24618, 25325, 24696, 24704, 24672, 24585, 87, 24988, 24595, 25242, 25873, 24596, 26951, 24681, 16, 24685, 24648, 26311, 24672, 24585, 25507, 25099, 24843, 27397, 25928, 16, 24596, 27457, 24858, 24600, 25232, 25966, 18, 27337, 26021, 27502, 24855, 27907, 24672, 24927, 26807, 24618, 24585, 27574, 24626, 16, 26715, 16, 27719, 16, 24596, 28994, 24595, 38, 29715, 24595, 24693, 24691, 24611, 24626, 29018, 18, 24997, 24604, 25509, 24672, 25801, 24640, 24629, 24618, 27229, 25272, 25167, 24584, 24585, 24600, 24634, 25464, 87, 24914, 26913, 87, 24595, 24585, 28272, 29018, 24686, 24762, 26355, 24601, 24585, 26807, 18, 24838, 24994, 25131, 26606, 24595, 24585, 26620, 25233 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
12989754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAL4/UAS%20system	GAL4/UAS system	The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly. It is based on the finding by Hitoshi Kakidani and Mark Ptashne, and Nicholas Webster and Pierre Chambon in 1988 that Gal4 binding to UAS sequences activates gene expression. The method was introduced into flies by Andrea Brand and Norbert Perrimon in 1993 and is considered a powerful technique for studying the expression of genes. The system has two parts: the Gal4 gene, encoding the yeast transcription activator protein Gal4, and the UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence), an enhancer to which GAL4 specifically binds to activate gene transcription. Overview The Gal4 system allows separation of the problems of defining which cells express a gene or protein and what the experimenter wants to do with this knowledge. Geneticists have created genetic variants of model organisms (typically fruit flies), called GAL4 lines, each of which expresses GAL4 in some subset of the animal's tissues. For example, some lines might express GAL4 only in muscle cells, or only in nerves, or only in the antennae, and so on. For fruit flies in particular, there are tens of thousands of such lines, with the most useful expressing GAL4 in only a very specific subset of the animal—perhaps, for example, only those neurons that connect two specific compartments of the fly's brain. The presence of GAL4, by itself, in these cells has little or no effect, since GAL4's main effect is to bind to a UAS region, and most cells have no (or innocuous) UAS regions. Since Gal4 by itself is not visible, and has little effect on cells, the other necessary part of this system are the "reporter lines". These are strains of flies with the special UAS region next to a desired gene. These genetic instructions occur in every cell of the animal, but in most cells nothing happens since that cell is not producing GAL4. In the cells that are producing GAL4, however, the UAS is activated, the gene next to it is turned on, and it starts producing its resulting protein. This may report to the investigator which cells are expressing GAL4, hence the term "reporter line", but genes intended to manipulate the cell behavior are often used as well. Typical reporter genes include: Fluorescent proteins like green (GFP) or red fluorescent proteins (RFP), which allow scientists to see which cells express Gal4 Channelrhodopsin, which allows light-sensitive triggering of nerve cells Halorhodopsin, which conversely allows light to suppress the firing of neurons Shibire, which shuts neurons off, but only at higher temperatures (30 °C and above). Flies with this gene can be raised and tested at lower temperatures where their neurons will behave normally. Then the body temperature of the flies can be raised (since they are cold-blooded), and these neurons turn off. If the fly's behavior changes, this gives a strong clue to what those neurons do. GECI (Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator), often a member of the GCaMP family of proteins. These proteins fluoresce when exposed to calcium, which, in most cells, happens when the neuron fires. This allows scientists to take pictures, or movies, that show the nervous system in operation. For example, scientists can first visualize a class of neurons by choosing a fly from a GAL4 line that expresses GAL4 in the desired set of neurons, and crossing it with a reporter line that express GFP. In the offspring, the desired subset of cells will make GAL4, and in these cells the GAL4 will bind to the UAS, and enable the production of GFP. So the desired subset of cells will now fluoresce green and can be followed with a fluorescence microscope. Next, to figure out what these cells might do, the experimenter might express channelrhodopsin in each of these cells, by crossing the same GAL4 line with a channelrhodopsin reporter line. In the offspring the selected cells, and only those cells, will contain channelrhodopsin and can be triggered by a bright light. Now the scientist can trigger these particular cells at will, and examine the resulting behavior to see what these cells might do. Operation Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N11-CCG, where N can be any base. Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, and human cells, highlighting that the same mechanisms for gene expression have been conserved over the course of evolution. For study in Drosophila, the GAL4 gene is placed under the control of a native gene promoter, or driver gene, while the UAS controls expression of a target gene. GAL4 is then only expressed in cells where the driver gene is usually active. In turn, GAL4 should only activate gene transcription where a UAS has been introduced. For example, by fusing a gene encoding a visible marker like GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) the expression pattern of the driver genes can be determined. GAL4 and the UAS are very useful for studying gene expression in Drosophila as they are not normally present and their expression does not interfere with other processes in the cell. For example, GAL4/UAS-regulated transgenes in Drosophila have been used to alter glial expression to produce arrhythmic behavior in a known rhythmic circadian output called pigment dispersing factor (PDF). However, some research has indicated that over-expression of GAL4 in Drosophila can have side-effects, probably relating to immune and stress responses to what is essentially an alien protein. The GAL4-UAS system has also been employed to study gene expression in organisms besides Drosophila such as the African clawed frog Xenopus and zebrafish. The GAL4/UAS system is also utilized in Two-Hybrid Screening, a method of identifying interactions between two proteins or a protein with DNA. Extensions Gal4 expression can be made even more specific by means of "intersectional strategies". These can combine two different GAL4 lines—say, A and B—in a way that GAL4 is only expressed in the cells that are in line A but not line B, or those that are in both lines A and B. When combined with intrinsically sparse GAL4 lines, this offers very specific selection, often limited to a single cell type. The disadvantage is that at least three independent insertion sites are required, so the lines must use different and independent insertion sites, and creating the desired final organisms needs more than a single cross. This is a very active field of research, and there are many such intersectional strategies, of which two are discussed below. One way to create GAL4 expression in the cells that are in line A but not line B, requires line A to be made to express GAL4, and line B made to express Gal80, which is a GAL4 inhibitor. Therefore, only the cells that are in A but not B will have active GAL4, which can then drive the reporter gene. To express GAL4 in only the cells contained in both A and B, a technique called "split-GAL4" can be used. Line A is made to express half of the GAL4 protein, which is inactive by itself. Similarly, line B is made to express the other half of GAL4, also inactive by itself. Only the cells that are in both lines make both halves, which self-assemble by leucine zipper into GAL4 and activate the reporter gene. References Genetics	[ "The", "G", "A", "L", "4", "-", "U", "A", "S", "system", "is", "a", "bi", "oc", "hem", "ical", "method", "used", "to", "study", "gen", "e", "express", "ion", "and", "function", "in", "organ", "ism", "s", "such", "as", "the", "fr", "uit", "fly", ".", "It", "is", "based", "on", "the", "find", "ing", "by", "H", "it", "os", "hi", "K", "ak", "id", "ani", "and", "Mark", "P", "t", "ash", "ne", ",", "and", "N", "ich", "ol", "as", "Web", "ster", "and", "Pier", "re", "Ch", "amb", "on", "in", "1988", "that", "Gal", "4", "b", "ind", "ing", "to", "U", "A", "S", "sequ", "ences", "activ", "ates", "gen", "e", "express", "ion", ".", "The", "method", "was", "introduced", "into", "fl", "ies", "by", "And", "re", "a", "Br", "and", "and", "Nor", "bert", "Per", "r", "im", "on", "in", "1993", "and", "is", "considered", "a", "power", "ful", "techn", "ique", "for", "stud", "ying", "the", "express", "ion", "of", "gen", "es", ".", "The", "system", "has", "two", "parts", ":", "the", "Gal", "4", "gen", "e", ",", "enc", "od", "ing", "the", "y", "east", "trans", "cription", "activ", "ator", "prote", "in", "Gal", "4", ",", "and", "the", "U", "A", "S", "(", "Up", "stream", "Act", "iv", "ation", "Se", "qu", "ence", "),", "an", "en", "han", "cer", "to", "which", "G", "A", "L", "4", "spec", "if", "ically", "b", "ind", "s", "to", "activ", "ate", "gen", "e", "trans", "cription", ".", "Over", "view", "The", "Gal", "4", "system", "allows", "separ", "ation", "of", "the", "problems", "of", "defin", "ing", "which", "cells", "express", "a", "gen", "e", "or", "prote", "in", "and", "what", "the", "experiment", "er", "w", "ants", "to", "do", "with", "this", "knowledge", ".", "Gen", "etic", "ists", "have", "created", "gen", "etic", "var", "ian", "ts", "of", "model", "organ", "ism", "s", "(", "typically", "fr", "uit", "fl", "ies", "),", "called", "G", "A", "L", "4", "lines", ",", "each", "of", "which", "express", "es", "G", "A", "L", "4", "in", "some", "sub", "set", "of", "the", "anim", "al", "'", "s", "t", "issues", ".", "For", "example", ",", "some", "lines", "might", "express", "G", "A", "L", "4", "only", "in", "mus", "cle", "cells", ",", "or", "only", "in", "ner", "ves", ",", "or", "only", "in", "the", "ant", "enn", "ae", ",", "and", "so", "on", ".", "For", "fr", "uit", "fl", "ies", "in", "particular", ",", "there", "are", "t", "ens", "of", "thous", "ands", "of", "such", "lines", ",", "with", "the", "most", "use", "ful", "express", "ing", "G", "A", "L", "4", "in", "only", "a", "very", "specific", "sub", "set", "of", "the", "anim", "al", "—", "per", "h", "aps", ",", "for", "example", ",", "only", "those", "ne", "ur", "ons", "that", "conne", "ct", "two", "specific", "comp", "art", "ments", "of", "the", "fly", "'", "s", "br", "ain", ".", "The", "presence", "of", "G", "A", "L", "4", ",", "by", "itself", ",", "in", "these", "cells", "has", "little", "or", "no", "effect", ",", "since", "G", "A", "L", "4", "'", "s", "main", "effect", "is", "to", "b", "ind", "to", "a", "U", "A", "S", "region", ",", "and", "most", "cells", "have", "no", "(", "or", "inn", "oc", "u", "ous", ")", "U", "A", "S", "regions", ".", "Since", "Gal", "4", "by", "itself", "is", "not", "vis", "ible", ",", "and", "has", "little", "effect", "on", "cells", ",", "the", "other", "necess", "ary", "part", "of", "this", "system", "are", "the", "\"", "re", "por", "ter", "lines", "\".", "These", "are", "str", "ains", "of", "fl", "ies", "with", "the", "special", "U", "A", "S", "region", "next", "to", "a", "des", "ired", "gen", "e", ".", "These", "gen", "etic", "in", "stru", "ctions", "occur", "in", "every", "cell", "of", "the", "anim", "al", ",", "but", "in", "most", "cells", "no", "thing", "h", "app", "ens", "since", "that", "cell", "is", "not", "produ", "cing", "G", "A", "L", "4", ".", "In", "the", "cells", "that", "are", "produ", "cing", "G", "A", "L", "4", ",", "however", ",", "the", "U", "A", "S", "is", "activ", "ated", ",", "the", "gen", "e", "next", "to", "it", "is", "turned", "on", ",", "and", "it", "start", "s", "produ", "cing", "its", "resulting", "prote", "in", ".", "This", "may", "report", "to", "the", "investig", "ator", "which", "cells", "are", "express", "ing", "G", "A", "L", "4", ",", "h", "ence", "the", "term", "\"", "re", "por", "ter", "line", "\",", "but", "gen", "es", "intended", "to", "man", "ip", "ul", "ate", "the", "cell", "beh", "av", "ior", "are", "often", "used", "as", "well", ".", "Ty", "p", "ical", "re", "por", "ter", "gen", "es", "include", ":", "Fl", "u", "ores", "cent", "prote", "ins", "like", "green", "(", "G", "F", "P", ")", "or", "red", "flu", "ores", "cent", "prote", "ins", "(", "R", "F", "P", "),", "which", "allow", "scient", "ists", "to", "see", "which", "cells", "express", "Gal", "4", "Channel", "r", "h", "od", "ops", "in", ",", "which", "allows", "light", "-", "sens", "itive", "tr", "ig", "ger", "ing", "of", "ner", "ve", "cells", "Hal", "or", "h", "od", "ops", "in", ",", "which", "con", "vers", "ely", "allows", "light", "to", "sup", "press", "the", "fir", "ing", "of", "ne", "ur", "ons", "Sh", "ib", "ire", ",", "which", "sh", "ut", "s", "ne", "ur", "ons", "off", ",", "but", "only", "at", "higher", "temper", "at", "ures", "(", "30", "°", "C", "and", "above", ").", "Fl", "ies", "with", "this", "gen", "e", "can", "be", "raised", "and", "test", "ed", "at", "lower", "temper", "at", "ures", "where", "their", "ne", "ur", "ons", "will", "be", "have", "nor", "m", "ally", ".", "Th", "en", "the", "body", "temper", "ature", "of", "the", "fl", "ies", "can", "be", "raised", "(", "since", "they", "are", "c", "old", "-", "blood", "ed", "),", "and", "these", "ne", "ur", "ons", "turn", "off", ".", "If", "the", "fly", "'", "s", "beh", "av", "ior", "changes", ",", "this", "gives", "a", "strong", "cl", "ue", "to", "what", "those", "ne", "ur", "ons", "do", ".", "G", "EC", "I", "(", "Gen", "et", "ically", "En", "c", "od", "ed", "Cal", "c", "ium", "Ind", "ic", "ator", "),", "often", "a", "member", "of", "the", "G", "Ca", "MP", "family", 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21308000	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSRP%20%28disambiguation%29	MSRP (disambiguation)	MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price of a product. MSRP may also refer to: Message Session Relay Protocol, a protocol used for multimedia communications Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes of Imre Lakatos MSRP Motorsports, a former name of the HP Racing NASCAR team Mississippi Republican Party	[ "MS", "R", "P", "is", "the", "manufact", "urer", "'", "s", "sugg", "ested", "ret", "ail", "pr", "ice", "of", "a", "product", ".", "MS", "R", "P", "may", "also", "refer", "to", ":", "M", "ess", "age", "S", "ession", "Rel", "ay", "Pro", "to", "col", ",", "a", "pro", "to", "col", "used", "for", "mult", "im", "edia", "communic", "ations", "Me", "thod", "ology", "of", "Sc", "ient", "ific", "Research", "Program", "mes", "of", "Im", "re", "L", "ak", "at", "os", "MS", "R", "P", "Mot", "ors", "ports", ",", "a", "former", "name", "of", "the", "H", "P", "Rac", "ing", "NA", "S", "CA", "R", "team", "Miss", "iss", "ipp", "i", "Republican", "Party" ]	[ 28116, 54, 52, 24593, 24585, 27696, 29357, 11, 87, 27203, 26198, 25055, 24916, 24666, 24811, 24595, 69, 29248, 18, 28116, 54, 52, 25345, 24762, 26105, 24601, 30, 49, 24676, 24754, 55, 28490, 27689, 24632, 25057, 24601, 24908, 16, 69, 24685, 24601, 24908, 25030, 24618, 26368, 24634, 29698, 28113, 24833, 25443, 26445, 25427, 24595, 25076, 25397, 25144, 27374, 28758, 28107, 24595, 26541, 24600, 48, 24700, 24590, 24674, 28116, 54, 52, 28079, 24903, 25424, 16, 69, 25346, 25364, 24595, 24585, 44, 52, 28591, 24599, 26468, 55, 26125, 54, 25036, 26410, 24897, 26210, 77, 27653, 25970 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
68714351	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28fairness%29	Coherence (fairness)	Coherence, also called uniformity or consistency, is a criterion for evaluating rules for fair division. Coherence requires that the outcome of a fairness rule is fair not only for the overall problem, but also for each sub-problem. Every part of a fair division should be fair. The coherence requirement was first studied in the context of apportionment. In this context, failure to satisfy coherence is called the new states paradox: when a new state enters the union, and the house size is enlarged to accommodate the number of seats allocated to this new state, some other unrelated states are affected. Coherence is also relevant to other fair division problems, such as bankruptcy problems. Definition There is a resource to allocate, denoted by . For example, it can be an integer representing the number of seats in a house of representatives. The resource should be allocated between some agents. For example, these can be federal states or political parties. The agents have different entitlements, denoted by a vector . For example, ti can be the fraction of votes won by party i. An allocation is a vector with . An allocation rule is a rule that, for any and entitlement vector , returns an allocation vector . An allocation rule is called coherent (or uniform) if, for every subset S of agents, if the rule is activated on the subset of the resource , and on the entitlement vector , then the result is the allocation vector . That is: when the rule is activated on a subset of the agents, with the subset of resources they received, the result for them is the same. Handling ties In general, an allocation rule may return more than one allocation (in case of a tie). In this case, the definition should be updated. Denote the allocation rule by , and Denote by the set of allocation vectors returned by on the resource and entitlement vector . The rule is called coherent if the following holds for every allocation vector and any subset S of agents: . That is, every part of every possible solution to the grand problem, is a possible solution to the sub-problem. For every and , we have . That is, if there are other (tied) solutions to the sub-problems, then putting them instead of the original solutions to the sub-problems yield other (tied) solutions to the grand problem. Coherence in apportionment In apportionment problems, the resource to allocate is discrete, for example, the seats in a parliament. Therefore, each agent must receive an integer allocation. Non-coherent methods: the new state paradox One of the most intuitive rules for apportionment of seats in a parliament is the largest remainder method (LRM). This method dictates that the entitlement vector should be normalized such that the sum of entitlements equals (the total number of seats to allocate). Then each agent should get his normalized entitlement (often called quota) rounded down. If there are remaining seats, they should be allocated to the agents with the largest remainder the largest fraction of the entitlement. Surprisingly, this rule is not coherent. As a simple example, suppose and the normalized entitlements of Alice, Bob and Chana are 0.4, 1.35, 3.25 respectively. Then the unique allocation returned by LRM is 1, 1, 3 (the initial allocation is 0, 1, 3, and the extra seat goes to Alice, since her remainder 0.4 is largest). Now, suppose that we activate the same rule on Alice and Bob alone, with their combined allocation of 2. The normalized entitlements are now 0.4/1.75 × 2 ≈ 0.45 and 1.35/1.75 × 2 ≈ 1.54. Therefore, the unique allocation returned by LRM is 0, 2 rather than 1, 1. This means that in the grand solution 1, 1, 3, the internal division between Alice and Bob does not follow the principle of largest remainders it is not coherent. Another way to look at this non-coherence is as follows. Suppose that the house size is 2, and there are two states A, B with quotas 0.4, 1.35. Then the unique allocation given by LRM is 0, 2. Now, a new state C joins the union, with quota 3.25. It is allocated 3 seats, and the house size is increased to 5 to accommodate these new seats. This change should not affect the existing states A and B. In fact, with the LRM, the existing states are affected: state A gains a seat, while state B loses a seat. This is called the new state paradox. The new state paradox was actually observed in 1907, when Oklahoma became a state. It was given a fair share 5 of seats, and the total number of seats increased by that number from 386 to 391 members. A recomputation of apportionment affected the number of seats because of other states: New York lost a seat, while Maine gained one. Coherent methods Every divisor method is coherent. This follows directly from their description as picking sequences: at each iteration, the next agent to pick an item is the one with the highest ratio (entitlement / divisor). Therefore, the relative priority ordering between agents is the same even if we consider a subset of the agents. Properties of coherent methods When coherency is combined with other natural requirements, it characterizes a structured class of apportionment methods. Such characterizations were proved by various authors. All results assume that the rules are homogeneous ("decent"). Hylland proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is balanced and concordant, then it is compatible with a divisor method. Balinsky and Young proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous and balanced, then it is a rank-index method (a super-class of divisor methods). The opposite is also true: among the anonymous and balanced methods, a method is coherent if and only if it is a rank-index method. Balinsky and Young proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous, concordant and weakly exact, then it is a divisor method. Balinsky and Rachev proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous, order-preserving, weakly exact and complete, then it is a divisor method. Palomares, Pukelsheim and Ramirez proved that: if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous and balanced, then it is house-monotone; if, in addition, it is also concordant, then it is vote-ratio monotone; if, in addition, it is also strongly exact, then it is compatible with a divisor method (that is, it returns a subset of the allocations returned by a divisor method); if, in addition, it is also complete, then it is a divisor method. Young proved that the unique apportionment method that is a coherent extension of the natural two-party apportionment rule of rounding to the nearest integer is the Webster method. Coherence in bankruptcy problems In bankruptcy problems, the resource to allocate is continuous, for example, the amount of money left by a debtor. Each agent can get any fraction of the resource. However, the sum of entitlements is usually larger than the total remaining resource. The most intuitive rule for solving such problems is the proportional rule, in which each agent gets a part of the resource proportional to his entitlement. This rule is definitely coherent. However, it is not the only coherent rule: the Talmudic rule of the contested garment can be extended to a coherent division rule. Coherence in organ allocation In most countries, the number of patients waiting for an organ transplantation is much larger than the number of available organs. Therefore, most countries choose who to allocate an organ to by some priority-ordering. Surprisingly, some priority orderings used in practice are not coherent. For example, one rule used by UNOS in the past was as follows: Each patient is assigned a personal score, based on some medical data. Each patient is assigned a bonus, which is 10 times the fraction of patients who waited less than him. The agents are prioritized by the sum of their score + bonus. Suppose the personal scores of some four patients A, B, C, D are 16, 21, 20, 23. Suppose their waiting times are A > B > C > D. Accordingly, their bonuses are 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5. So their sums are 26, 28.5, 25, 25.5, and the priority order is B > A > D > C. Now, after B receives an organ, the personal scores of A, C, D remain the same, but the bonuses change to 10, 6.67, 3.33, so the sums are 26, 26.67, 26.33, and the priority order is C > D > A. This inverts the order between the three agents. In order to have a coherent priority ordering, the priority should be determined only by personal traits. For example, the bonus can be computed by the number of months in line, rather than by the fraction of patients. See also Apportionment paradox References Fairness criteria Apportionment method criteria	[ "Co", "her", "ence", ",", "also", "called", "un", "i", "form", "ity", "or", "consist", "ency", ",", "is", "a", "crit", "er", "ion", "for", "ev", "al", "u", "ating", "rules", "for", "fair", "division", ".", "Co", "her", "ence", "requ", "ires", "that", "the", "out", "come", "of", "a", "fair", "ness", "rule", "is", "fair", "not", "only", "for", "the", "overall", "problem", ",", "but", "also", "for", "each", "sub", "-", "problem", ".", "E", "very", "part", "of", "a", "fair", "division", "should", "be", "fair", ".", "The", "co", "her", "ence", "require", "ment", "was", "first", "studied", "in", "the", "con", "text", "of", "ap", "portion", "ment", ".", "In", "this", "con", "text", ",", "fail", "ure", "to", "sat", "is", "f", "y", "co", "her", "ence", "is", "called", "the", "new", "states", "par", "ad", "ox", ":", "when", "a", "new", "state", "ent", "ers", "the", "union", ",", "and", "the", "house", 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"the", "result", "for", "them", "is", "the", "same", ".", "Hand", "ling", "ties", "In", "general", ",", "an", "all", "oc", "ation", "rule", "may", "return", "more", "than", "one", "all", "oc", "ation", "(", "in", "case", "of", "a", "t", "ie", ").", "In", "this", "case", ",", "the", "defin", "ition", "should", "be", "up", "dated", ".", "Den", "ote", "the", "all", "oc", "ation", "rule", "by", ",", "and", "Den", "ote", "by", "the", "set", "of", "all", "oc", "ation", "ve", "ctors", "returned", "by", "on", "the", "res", "ource", "and", "ent", "it", "lement", "ve", "ctor", ".", "The", "rule", "is", "called", "co", "her", "ent", "if", "the", "following", "holds", "for", "every", "all", "oc", "ation", "ve", "ctor", "and", "any", "sub", "set", "S", "of", "ag", "ents", ":", ".", "That", "is", ",", "every", "part", "of", "every", "possible", "sol", "ution", "to", "the", "grand", "problem", ",", "is", "a", "possible", "sol", "ution", "to", "the", "sub", "-", "problem", ".", "For", "every", "and", 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66189121	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgnorth%20Town%20Hall	Bridgnorth Town Hall	Bridgnorth Town Hall is a municipal building in the High Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England. The town hall, which is a meeting place of Bridgnorth Town Council, is a Grade II* listed building. History The original civic meeting place in the town was the burgess hall on the first floor of the North Gate which was completed in 1270. The official troupe of actors known as King's Men performed in the town hall when they visited the town in 1603. A new town hall was constructed in the High Street by taking an old oak framed tithe barn that had been donated by Lady Bertie, the wife of Sir Roger Bertie, the lord of the manor at Much Wenlock, and placing it on arches in 1652. The arches on the ground floor were left open to allow markets to be held; at both the north and south ends of the building there were single arches large enough to permit carriage access with the town's coat of arms installed above. There was a three-part window on the first floor at each end with a gable and a turret at roof level. A sign on the wall above the window at the south end suggests the building was constructed by a Thomas Burne and a Roger Taylor. Internally, the principal rooms on the first floor were a council chamber and a courtroom. The clock in the gable at the south end was installed in 1680 while the clock at the north end was installed at a later date. The building was used for cultural events: an audience attended a "grand miscellaneous concert" there in 1789. It was refurbished and stained glass windows were installed to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. The stained glass windows depicted all the kings and queens who had granted charters to the town from 1157 to 1830. A carpet made at the Southwell Carpet Factory, which had been established by Thomas Martin Southwell on the site of the old Bridgnorth Greyfriars Monastery in 1824, was installed in the council chamber at that time. The town hall continued to act as the local civic meeting place until the local board of health commissioned the new market hall in Postern Gate in 1859. The Postern Gate building was disliked by market traders and despite the local board of health taking legal action against traders to try and force the use of the building, the development was not a commercial success and it was sold off in the early 20th century. A drinking fountain which was decorated with two doves and cast by the Saracen Foundry was installed outside the town hall in the late 19th century. Although Bridgnorth District Council established offices for council officers and their staff at Westgate, the town hall remained a focus of civic activity and it became a regular meeting place for Bridgnorth Town Council when it was formed in 2009. A programme of refurbishment works was completed in 2015. 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66258661	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20von%20Amira	Karl von Amira	Karl Konrad Ferdinand Maria von Amira (25 May 1863 – 14 December 1945) was a German jurist who served as Professor of Constitutional Law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He was a known expert on early Germanic law. Biography Karl von Amira was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany on 8 March 1848. Gaining his abitur at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich, von Amira studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Among his teachers were Bernhard Windscheid, Julius Wilhelm von Planck, and Alois von Brinz. He also studied North Germanic languages under Konrad Maurer. von Amira gained his Ph.D. at Munich in 1872 under the supervision of Maurer. From 1875 to 1892, von Amira was Professor of German and Church Law at the University of Freiburg. Since 1892, von Amira was Professor of Constitutional Law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. von Amira specialized in the study of Early Germanic law and Medieval Roman law. He was instrumental in the publishing of the Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch. Among his students were and . von Amira was a member of many learned societies, including the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (since 1901), the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala (since 1887), the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (since 1891), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (since 1905), the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1900), the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1922) and the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities (since 1929). He received the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art in 1902. Selected works Das altnorwegische Vollstreckungsverfahren: Eine rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlung. München 1874. Erbenfolge und Verwandtschaftsgliederung nach den alt-niederdeutschen Rechten. Ackermann, München 1874 (Digitalisat). Ueber Zweck und Mittel der germanischen Rechtsgeschichte. Akademische Antrittsrede. Ackermann, München 1876 (Digitalisat). Das Endinger Judenspiel (Herausgeberschaft). Halle 1883 (Digitalisat; DjVu). Thierstrafen und Thierprocesse. In: Mittheilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung. 11. Band, 1891, S. 545–601. Separatdruck: Innsbruck 1891 (Digitalisat; PDF). Die Dresdner Bilderhandschrift des Sachsenspiegels. Erster Band: Facsimile der Handschrift. Leipzig 1902. Zweiter Band: Erläuterungen. Teil I, Leipzig 1925 und Teil II, Leipzig 1926. Die Handgebärden in den Bilderhandschriften des Sachsenspiegels (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Philologische und Historische Klasse; Bd. 23, 2). München 1905. Der Stab in der germanischen Rechtssymbolik (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Philologische und Historische Klasse; Band 25, 1). München 1909 (Rezension in der ZRG). Grundriß des germanischen Rechts (= Grundriß der Germanischen Philologie. Band 5). 3. Auflage. Strassburg 1913. Die Neubauersche Chronik (= Sitzungsberichte der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-philologische und historische Klasse; Jg. 1918, 9). München 1918 (Digitalisat; DjVu). Die germanischen Todesstrafen. Untersuchungen zur Rechts- und Religionsgeschichte (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-philologische und Historische Klasse; Bd. 31, 3). München 1922. Rechtsarchäologie. 1. Einführung in die Rechtsarchäologie. Gegenstände, Formen und Symbole germanischen Rechts. Berlin 1943 (Digitalisat). Sources Paul Puntschart: Karl von Amira und sein Werk. Böhlau, Weimar 1932. Peter Landau, Hermann Nehlsen, Mathias Schmoeckel (Hrsg.): Karl von Amira zum Gedächtnis (= Rechtshistorische Reihe, Band 206), Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1999, . Gerhard J. Bellinger, Brigitte Regler-Bellinger: Schwabings Ainmillerstrasse und ihre bedeutendsten Anwohner. Ein repräsentatives Beispiel der Münchner Stadtgeschichte von 1888 bis heute. Norderstedt 2003, S. 139–140, ; 2. Aufl. 2012, ; E-Book 2013, . Mathias Schmoeckel: Amira, Karl von (1848–1930). In: Albrecht Cordes, Heiner Lück, Dieter Werkmüller, Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch zur deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, 2., völlig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Band 1, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2008, , Sp. 200–202 (online, kostenpflichtig). Hermann Nehlsen: Karl von Amira (1848–1930). In: Katharina Weigand (Hrsg.): Münchner Historiker zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft. Utz, München 2010, , S. 137–158. 1848 births 1930 deaths German legal scholars Germanic studies scholars Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences People from Aschaffenburg Old Norse studies scholars Academic staff of the University of Freiburg Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala	[ "Kar", "l", "K", "on", "rad", "Fer", "din", "and", "Maria", "von", "Am", "ira", "(", "25", "May", "186", "3", "–", "14", "December", "1945", ")", "was", "a", "German", "j", "ur", "ist", "who", "served", "as", "Professor", "of", "Con", "stitut", "ional", "Law", "at", "the", "L", "ud", "w", "ig", "Max", "im", "il", "ian", "University", "of", "Mun", "ich", ".", "He", "was", "a", "known", "exper", "t", "on", "early", "German", "ic", "law", ".", "Biography", "Kar", "l", "von", "Am", "ira", "was", "born", "in", "As", "ch", 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32552460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%2C%20Lady%20Barlow	Anna, Lady Barlow	The Honourable Anna Maria Heywood, Lady Barlow (1873 – 28 May 1965) was an English welfare reformer and Liberal Party politician. Education and family Anna Maria Heywood Denman was born in 1873 in Liverpool, the daughter of the Hon. Richard Denman and Helen McMicking. Her brother was Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman. She was educated privately. In 1895 she married John Emmott Barlow, the Liberal MP for Frome in Somerset and senior partner in his family businesses with principal interests in textiles, tea and coffee and rubber. They had two sons and two daughters. Her son John who succeeded his father to become the second baronet was Liberal candidate for Northwich in 1929. He later became a National Liberal representing Eddisbury from 1945–1950 and then a fully fledged Conservative being MP for Middleton and Prestwich from 1951–1966. In religion, Sir John and Lady Barlow were Quakers, Lady Barlow having converted to that denomination in about 1911. Politics Lady Barlow was a steadfast companion to her husband in his Somerset constituency over many years. She shared his political interests and campaigned with him and on his behalf. The couple were close friends of Liberal Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. She also stood in her own right for election to the House of Commons twice as a Liberal. First she contested the Derbyshire, High Peak division at the 1922 general election. At this election only thirty-three women were selected as candidates out of 1,387 contenders for the House of Commons’ 615 seats and only two, the Tory Lady Astor and the Liberal Margaret Wintringham were elected. Lady Barlow came third at High Peak in a three-cornered contest with 20% of the vote. She next fought the nearby seat of Ilkeston at the 1924 general election. The number of women candidates was growing now but there was a still a real sense in which they were pioneers. Overall only forty-one women were chosen to stand for election and Lady Barlow was one of only six female candidates out of a total of 333 Liberal hopefuls. Again she came third in a three-cornered race. A champion of the political rights of women, Lady Barlow was also a strong supporter of the traditional Liberal policy of free trade and shared her husband's close interest in labour affairs. In her later life during the 1950s and 60s, at a time when the Liberal Party had declined in public affections, Lady Barlow seems to have transferred her political allegiance to the National Liberals. Her son, the second baronet, was of course a National Liberal and later a Conservative MP, which must have been an influence upon her. She does not appear to have been politically active in campaigning for National Liberal candidates but did support a large number of their social and fundraising functions, as well as attending talks at meetings of the National Liberal Forum. Welfare reformer Lady Barlow was active in a number of different fields of moral, welfare and political reform. For 22 years she was President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Band of Hope Union an organisation dedicated to teaching and impressing upon children the importance and principles of sobriety and teetotalism. In addition, she appeared as a speaker for other temperance groups including The Young Abstainers Union. Outside her own electoral campaigning, Lady Barlow supported for the cause of women's suffrage and as a Quaker she was a campaigner for peace and disarmament. She and her husband opposed the introduction of conscription both before and more crucially during the First World War and sent their sons to a Quaker college in the United States. Lady Barlow particularly tried to promote peaceful international relations and reconciliation during and after the Great War. To this end she maintained an extensive correspondence with influential figures throughout Europe and maintained a speaking schedule at related events at home such as the Peacemakers’ Pilgrimage Rally in Hyde Park in 1926. Papers A number of Lady Barlow's papers and letters are contained in the Barlow Collection deposited in the Cambridge University Library, Manuscripts Departments. 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6931841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliarov	Boliarov	Boliarov () is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia. Genealogical resources The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Kosice, Slovakia" Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1755-1895 (parish B) Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1819-1898 (parish B) Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1775-1895 (parish B) See also List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia External links Surnames of living people in Boliarov Villages and municipalities in Košice-okolie District Šariš	[ "Bol", "i", "ar", "ov", "()", "is", "a", "village", "and", "municipality", "in", "Ko", "š", "ice", "-", "ok", "ol", "ie", "District", "in", "the", "K", "os", "ice", "Region", "of", "eastern", "Slov", "ak", "ia", ".", "G", "ene", "al", "og", "ical", "res", "ources", "The", "records", "for", "gen", "e", "al", "og", "ical", "research", "are", "available", "at", "the", "state", "arch", "ive", "\"", "Stat", "ny", "Arch", "iv", "in", "K", "os", "ice", ",", "Slov", "ak", "ia", "\"", "Roman", "Catholic", "church", "records", "(", "births", "/", "marr", "i", "ages", "/", "deaths", "):", "17", "55", "-", "189", "5", "(", "parish", "B", ")", "Greek", "Catholic", "church", "records", "(", "births", "/", "marr", "i", "ages", "/", "deaths", "):", "18", "19", "-", "189", "8", "(", "parish", "B", ")", "Lu", "ther", "an", "church", "records", "(", "births", "/", "marr", "i", "ages", "/", "deaths", "):", "17", "75", "-", "189", "5", "(", "parish", "B", ")", "See", "also", "List", "of", "municipal", "ities", "and", "towns", "in", "Slov", "ak", "ia", "External", "links", "S", "urn", "ames", "of", "living", "people", "in", "Bol", "i", "ar", "ov", "Vill", "ages", "and", "municipal", "ities", "in", "Ko", "š", "ice", "-", "ok", "ol", "ie", "District", "Š", "ari", "š" ]	[ 28160, 77, 24592, 24658, 26399, 24593, 69, 25879, 24596, 28016, 24581, 27847, 320, 24811, 17, 24834, 24612, 24716, 25730, 24581, 24585, 47, 24674, 24811, 28724, 24595, 28093, 28864, 24700, 24677, 18, 43, 25410, 24591, 24776, 24757, 24753, 26480, 24627, 28458, 24618, 24976, 73, 24591, 24776, 24757, 26184, 24686, 26926, 24590, 24585, 25338, 25340, 24723, 6, 28749, 27091, 26232, 24622, 24581, 47, 24674, 24811, 16, 28864, 24700, 24677, 6, 25957, 26774, 26051, 28458, 12, 25393, 19, 25715, 77, 25434, 19, 25989, 26828, 24940, 27600, 17, 25529, 25, 12, 28301, 38, 13, 27422, 26774, 26051, 28458, 12, 25393, 19, 25715, 77, 25434, 19, 25989, 26828, 24722, 24617, 17, 25529, 28, 12, 28301, 38, 13, 26338, 24703, 24583, 26051, 28458, 12, 25393, 19, 25715, 77, 25434, 19, 25989, 26828, 24940, 27183, 17, 25529, 25, 12, 28301, 38, 13, 25404, 24762, 25831, 24595, 28862, 25082, 24596, 29267, 24581, 28864, 24700, 24677, 25065, 25051, 55, 24935, 24990, 24595, 26283, 24941, 24581, 28160, 77, 24592, 24658, 26988, 25434, 24596, 28862, 25082, 24581, 27847, 320, 24811, 17, 24834, 24612, 24716, 25730, 319, 26586, 320 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1970801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery%20%28disambiguation%29	Surgery (disambiguation)	Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative treatment. Surgery may also refer to: Medicine Operating theater, where surgery is performed, or the offices of the practitioner, the surgeon Doctor's surgery, British term for a doctor's office, a facility in which a general practitioner sees patients Surgery (journal), a medical journal Mathematics Surgery theory, a mathematical operation used in topology; two special cases are: Dehn surgery Hyperbolic Dehn surgery Arts, entertainment, and media Surgery (band), an American noise rock band The Surgery, a weekly radio show on BBC Radio 1 Surgery (album), a 2005 album by The Warlocks "Surgery", a song by Robyn Hitchcock on his compilation album You & Oblivion "Surgery", a song by Jack Off Jill on their album Clear Hearts Grey Flowers "Surgery", a song by Two Door Cinema Club on their album Gameshow "Surgery" (short story), a short story by Anton Chekhov Other uses Surgery (politics), a series of one-to-one meetings that a political officeholder may have with his or her constituents	[ "Sur", "g", 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34654515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mivaleh	Mivaleh	Mivaleh () may refer to: Mivaleh-ye Olya Mivaleh Sofla	[ "M", "iv", "ale", "h", "()", "may", "refer", "to", ":", "M", "iv", "ale", "h", "-", "ye", "Oly", "a", "M", "iv", "ale", "h", "S", "of", "la" ]	[ 49, 24622, 24988, 76, 26399, 25345, 26105, 24601, 30, 49, 24622, 24988, 76, 17, 27010, 25747, 69, 49, 24622, 24988, 76, 55, 24595, 25403 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
12935282	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20hammer%20throw	Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw	The men's hammer throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 18, 1920. 12 throwers from 5 nations competed; four from Sweden, four from the United States, two from Canada, one from Great Britain, and one from Finland. No nation had more than 4 athletes, suggesting the limit had been reduced from the 12 maximum in force in 1908 and 1912. The event was won by Patrick Ryan of the United States, the nation's fifth consecutive victory in the event. Carl Johan Lind took silver, earning Sweden's first medal in the hammer throw. Another American, Basil Bennett, earned bronze. Background This was the fifth appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1896. Four of the 14 competitors from the pre-war 1912 Games returned: gold medalist Matt McGrath of the United States and three Swedes: fourth-place finisher Robert Olsson, fifth-place finisher Carl Johan Lind, and seventh-place finisher Nils Linde. McGrath, who would earn seven AAU championships from 1908 to 1926, and fellow American and world-record holder Patrick Ryan, who would win eight AAU championships in that time, were expected to dominate the event. Finland made its debut in the event. The United States appeared for the fifth time, the only nation to have competed at each appearance of the event to that point. Competition format The competition continued to use the divided-final format used since 1908, with results carrying over between "rounds". The number of finalists expanded from three in previous Games to six in 1920. Each athlete received three throws in the qualifying round. The top six men advanced to the final, where they received an additional three throws. The best result, qualifying or final, counted. Records These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1920 Summer Olympics. No new world or Olympic records were set during the competition. Schedule Results The best six hammer throwers qualified for the final. McGrath injured his knee during the second throw in qualifying and withdrew, though still had thrown far enough to take fifth place. References Sources Hammer throw Hammer throw at the Olympics	[ "The", "men", "'", "s", "ham", "mer", "th", "row", "event", "was", "part", "of", "the", "track", "and", "field", "athlet", "ics", "program", "me", "at", "the", "1920", "Summer", "Olympics", ".", "The", "competition", "was", "held", "on", "W", "ed", "nes", "day", ",", "August", "18", ",", "1920", ".", "12", "th", "row", "ers", "from", "5", "n", "ations", "competed", ";", "four", "from", "Sweden", ",", "four", "from", "the", "United", "States", ",", "two", "from", "Canada", ",", "one", "from", "Great", "Britain", ",", "and", "one", "from", "Fin", "land", ".", "No", "nation", "had", "more", "than", "4", "athlet", "es", ",", "sugg", "est", "ing", "the", "lim", "it", "had", "been", "reduced", "from", "the", "12", "max", "imum", "in", "force", "in", "1908", "and", "1912", ".", "The", "event", "was", "won", "by", "Pat", "rick", "R", "yan", "of", "the", "United", "States", ",", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "fifth", "con", "secut", 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68629350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh%20Chowki%20district	Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district	Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district is one of the four new district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India announced by Bhupesh Baghel on 15th August 2021. It is carved out from existing Rajnandgaon district. Sub Division District is sub divided into five tehsils: Ambagarh Chowki Manpur Mohla Aundhi Khadgaon Demographics At the time of the 2011 census, Mohla-Manpur district had a population of 283,947, of which 9,889 (3.49%) live in urban areas. Mohla-Manpur district has a sex ratio of 1027 females to 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20,722 (7.30%) and 179,662 (63.27%) of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 70.27% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi, 20.15% Gondi, 5.02% Hindi and 3.26% Halbi as their first language. References Districts of Chhattisgarh	[ "Mo", "h", "la", "-", "Man", "pur", "-", "Am", "b", "ag", "ar", "h", "Ch", "ow", "ki", "district", "is", "one", "of", "the", "four", "new", "district", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Ch", "h", "att", "is", "gar", "h", ",", "India", "announced", "by", "Bh", "up", "esh", "B", "ag", "hel", "on", "15", "th", "August", "2021", ".", "It", "is", "car", "ved", "out", "from", "existing", "Raj", "n", "and", "ga", "on", "district", ".", "Sub", "Division", "District", "is", "sub", "divided", "into", "five", "te", "h", "sil", "s", ":", "Am", "b", "ag", "ar", "h", "Ch", "ow", "ki", "Man", "pur", "Mo", "h", "la", "A", "und", "hi", "K", "had", "ga", "on", "Dem", "ograph", "ics", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "2011", "census", ",", "Mo", "h", "la", "-", "Man", "pur", "district", "had", "a", "population", "of", "28", "3", ",", "9", "47", ",", "of", "which", "9", ",", "88", "9", "(", "3", ".", "49", "%)", "live", "in", "urban", "areas", ".", "Mo", "h", "la", "-", "Man", "pur", "district", "has", "a", "sex", "rat", "io", "of", "10", "27", "females", "to", "1", "000", "m", "ales", ".", "Sch", "ed", "uled", "Cast", "es", "and", "Sch", "ed", "uled", "Tr", "ib", "es", "make", "up", "20", ",", "7", "22", "(", "7", ".", "30", "%)", "and", "179", ",", "66", "2", "(", "63", ".", "27", "%)", "of", "the", "population", "respectively", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "2011", "C", "ensus", "of", "India", ",", "70", ".", "27", "%", "of", "the", "population", "in", "the", "district", "sp", "oke", "Ch", "h", "att", "is", "gar", "hi", ",", "20", ".", "15", "%", "G", "ond", "i", ",", "5", ".", "0", "2", "%", "H", "ind", "i", "and", "3", ".", "26", "%", "Hal", "bi", "as", "their", "first", "language", ".", "References", "D", "istr", "icts", "of", "Ch", "h", "att", "is", "gar", "h" ]	[ 25721, 76, 25403, 17, 25310, 26017, 17, 25417, 70, 24638, 24592, 76, 24698, 24639, 27508, 25906, 24593, 24748, 24595, 24585, 25253, 24983, 25906, 24581, 24585, 25338, 24595, 24698, 76, 24866, 24593, 26151, 76, 16, 26047, 26091, 24647, 29670, 24772, 26297, 38, 24638, 25280, 24584, 25018, 24580, 25313, 25785, 18, 24805, 24593, 25653, 25501, 24767, 24672, 29837, 28359, 82, 24596, 26862, 24584, 25906, 18, 27040, 26141, 25730, 24593, 25097, 28887, 25000, 25842, 24680, 76, 26845, 87, 30, 25417, 70, 24638, 24592, 76, 24698, 24639, 27508, 25310, 26017, 25721, 76, 25403, 37, 25324, 26766, 47, 24798, 26862, 24584, 25961, 27367, 24930, 25197, 24585, 24978, 24595, 24585, 25476, 27411, 16, 25721, 76, 25403, 17, 25310, 26017, 25906, 24798, 69, 25755, 24595, 25555, 23, 16, 29, 27562, 16, 24595, 24763, 29, 16, 28067, 29, 12, 23, 18, 27461, 29336, 26622, 24581, 28285, 26610, 18, 25721, 76, 25403, 17, 25310, 26017, 25906, 24808, 69, 26569, 28270, 24860, 24595, 24975, 25563, 29362, 24601, 21, 25348, 81, 25544, 18, 25790, 24588, 29615, 26502, 24589, 24596, 25790, 24588, 29615, 25024, 24751, 24589, 26127, 24772, 24623, 16, 27, 25127, 12, 27, 18, 25402, 29336, 24596, 27682, 16, 28145, 22, 12, 29554, 18, 25563, 29336, 24595, 24585, 25755, 29268, 18, 25197, 24585, 24978, 24595, 24585, 25476, 39, 26570, 24595, 26047, 16, 26921, 18, 25563, 9, 24595, 24585, 25755, 24581, 24585, 25906, 24878, 28136, 24698, 76, 24866, 24593, 26151, 26766, 16, 24623, 18, 25018, 9, 43, 25112, 77, 16, 25, 18, 20, 22, 9, 44, 24888, 77, 24596, 23, 18, 25552, 9, 27968, 26381, 24594, 24862, 24818, 25996, 18, 24838, 40, 24901, 27419, 24595, 24698, 76, 24866, 24593, 26151, 76 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
68727362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Longevity%20Project	The Longevity Project	The Longevity Project is a 2011 book on the social and psychological characteristics associated with long human longevity. Written by Howard S. Friedman and Leslie R. Martin, the book is based on a 20-year study extending the 60 years of Lewis Terman's Genetic Studies of Genius research. Bibliography External links 2011 non-fiction books English-language books Longevity	[ "The", "L", "on", "ge", "v", "ity", "Project", "is", "a", "2011", "book", "on", "the", "social", "and", "psych", "ological", "character", "istics", "associated", "with", "long", "human", "l", "on", "ge", "v", "ity", ".", "Writ", "ten", "by", "How", "ard", "S", ".", "Fr", "ied", "man", "and", "Les", "lie", "R", ".", "Martin", ",", "the", "book", "is", "based", "on", "a", "20", "-", "year", "study", "ext", "ending", "the", "60", "years", "of", "Lewis", "Ter", "man", "'", "s", "Gen", "etic", "Studies", "of", "Gen", "ius", "research", ".", "Bibliography", "External", "links", "2011", "non", "-", "fiction", "books", "English", "-", "language", "books", "L", "on", "ge", "v", "ity" ]	[ 24627, 48, 24584, 24721, 90, 24683, 28924, 24593, 69, 25476, 25756, 24584, 24585, 26455, 24596, 28442, 26405, 26096, 27187, 27948, 24651, 25444, 26690, 80, 24584, 24721, 90, 24683, 18, 28154, 25026, 24647, 27390, 24695, 55, 18, 24974, 24837, 24710, 24596, 28196, 27404, 54, 18, 27402, 16, 24585, 25756, 24593, 25413, 24584, 69, 24623, 17, 24854, 27079, 25588, 26303, 24585, 26366, 25100, 24595, 29460, 26372, 24710, 11, 87, 25516, 29821, 29229, 24595, 25516, 26161, 26184, 18, 29100, 25065, 25051, 25476, 25946, 17, 28159, 26816, 25407, 17, 25996, 26816, 48, 24584, 24721, 90, 24683 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
60147147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Ga%C3%BAcho	Roberto Gaúcho	Roberto Juceli Weber (born 5 April 1968), commonly known as Roberto Gaúcho, is a retired Brazilian footballer. Career statistics Club Notes References 1968 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football forwards Joinville Esporte Clube players Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players Coritiba Foot Ball Club players Criciúma Esporte Clube players Esporte Clube Vitória players CR Vasco da Gama players Guarani FC players Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players Club Atlético Huracán footballers Miami Fusion players Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Major League Soccer players Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Argentina Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States People from Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul	[ "Rober", "to", "J", "uc", "el", "i", "We", "ber", "(", "born", "5", "April", "1968", "),", "commonly", "known", "as", "Rober", "to", "G", "a", "ú", "cho", ",", "is", "a", "retired", "Brazilian", "footballer", ".", "Career", "statistics", "Club", "Notes", "References", "1968", "births", "Living", "people", "Brazilian", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "Brazilian", "expatriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "Men", "'", "s", "association", "football", "for", "wards", "Jo", "inv", "ille", "Es", "por", "te", "Cl", "ube", "players", "Gr", "ê", "m", "io", "F", "oot", "-", "Ball", "Por", "to", "Ale", "gr", "ense", "players", "Cor", "it", "ib", "a", "F", "oot", "Ball", "Club", "players", "C", "ric", "i", "ú", "ma", "Es", "por", "te", "Cl", "ube", "players", "Es", "por", "te", "Cl", "ube", "V", "it", "ó", "ria", "players", "C", "R", "V", "as", "co", "da", "G", "ama", "players", "Gu", "ar", "ani", "FC", "players", "Cr", "u", "ze", "iro", "Es", "por", "te", "Cl", "ube", "players", "Club", "Atl", "é", "t", "ico", "Hur", "ac", "án", "footballers", "M", "iam", "i", "F", "usion", "players", "Cam", "pe", "on", "ato", "Br", "as", "ile", "iro", "S", "ér", "ie", "A", "players", "Major", "League", "S", "occer", "players", "Brazilian", "expatriate", "sportspeople", "in", "Argent", "ina", "Ex", "patriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "in", "Argent", "ina", "Brazilian", "expatriate", "sportspeople", "in", "the", "United", "States", "Ex", "patriate", "men", "'", "s", "s", "occer", "players", "in", "the", "United", "States", "People", "from", "Santa", "Ros", "a", ",", "R", "io", "Grand", "e", "do", "S", "ul" ]	[ 29569, 24601, 46, 24965, 24613, 77, 25472, 24681, 12, 25049, 25, 25381, 27178, 24758, 29300, 25137, 24594, 29569, 24601, 43, 69, 217, 24872, 16, 24593, 69, 28014, 29251, 27507, 18, 27033, 29910, 26188, 27004, 24838, 27178, 25393, 25766, 24941, 29251, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 29251, 28262, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 26385, 11, 87, 27304, 25128, 24618, 26165, 24934, 25212, 25757, 27473, 24729, 24680, 25046, 28419, 25053, 25014, 201, 81, 24860, 42, 24922, 17, 29030, 27774, 24601, 26120, 24699, 26607, 25053, 25749, 24598, 24751, 69, 42, 24922, 29030, 26188, 25053, 39, 25429, 77, 217, 25853, 27473, 24729, 24680, 25046, 28419, 25053, 27473, 24729, 24680, 25046, 28419, 58, 24598, 210, 29504, 25053, 39, 54, 58, 24594, 24869, 26963, 43, 25614, 25053, 25409, 24592, 26644, 26157, 25053, 25709, 89, 25852, 27543, 27473, 24729, 24680, 25046, 28419, 25053, 26188, 26952, 200, 88, 25942, 29134, 24616, 27822, 26450, 49, 25377, 77, 42, 27879, 25053, 26328, 24678, 24584, 26910, 24980, 24594, 24890, 27543, 55, 28986, 24716, 37, 25053, 27449, 25375, 55, 28175, 25053, 29251, 28262, 29744, 24581, 27824, 25110, 24889, 27127, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 24581, 27824, 25110, 29251, 28262, 29744, 24581, 24585, 24994, 25131, 24889, 27127, 25203, 11, 87, 87, 28175, 25053, 24581, 24585, 24994, 25131, 25687, 24672, 28744, 27341, 69, 16, 54, 24860, 26458, 73, 25161, 55, 24649 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
4191781	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Such%20a%20Pity	This Is Such a Pity	"This Is Such a Pity" is a song by the American alternative rock band Weezer. It is the fourth single from the band's fifth album, Make Believe. It was released to the radio on March 6, 2006. This marks the first time that Weezer has ever released a fourth single from one of their albums. The liner notes of Make Believe credit Rivers Cuomo as the sole writer of the song, yet Brian Bell came up with the dueling guitar solo. All the keyboards on the song were done using a $75 Casio keyboard. The band tried demoing the song with more expensive Moog keyboards, but ended up being most satisfied with the Casio sound. Cuomo claims "This is Such a Pity" to be his favorite song from Make Believe. Julian Casablancas of The Strokes has also said it is his favorite Weezer song. Track listing Radio Only Promo Single "This is Such a Pity" (Radio Version) - 3:27 Mash-up video and controversy The song only enjoyed modest success on modern rock radio, partly because the song doesn't have an official accompanying music video. However, a mash up music video featuring footage from the 1984 breakdancing-themed movie Breakin' was uploaded to YouTube shortly after the song was announced as the fourth single off Make Believe. The clip was created by Rafael Sans, a theology student at Oral Roberts University and become an Internet phenomenon both among the band's hardcore fan base and throughout the online blogging community. The clip was even featured on the weezer.com homepage. Yet, soon after its success, the video was banned from YouTube because, as Julie Supan, the site's senior director of marketing explained, "it was likely that the user did not have the proper authorization to upload the video, and the rights-holder contacted YouTube." Despite this, Sans later uploaded the video on Vimeo in 2009. Personnel Rivers Cuomo – lead guitar, lead vocals Brian Bell – rhythm guitar Scott Shriner – bass guitar Patrick Wilson – drums, percussion Rick Rubin – production References External links 'Such A Pity': YouTube Pulls Homemade Weezer Video, on MTV.com Weezer songs 2006 singles Songs written by Rivers Cuomo Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin 2004 songs	[ "\"", "This", "Is", "S", "uch", "a", "P", "ity", "\"", "is", "a", "song", "by", "the", "American", "altern", "ative", "rock", "band", "We", "e", "zer", ".", "It", "is", "the", "fourth", "single", "from", "the", "band", "'", "s", "fifth", "album", ",", "M", "ake", "Bel", "ieve", ".", "It", "was", "released", "to", "the", "radio", "on", "March", "6", ",", "2006", ".", "This", "mar", "ks", "the", "first", "time", "that", "We", "e", "zer", "has", "ever", "released", "a", "fourth", "single", "from", "one", "of", "their", "albums", ".", "The", "lin", "er", "notes", "of", "M", "ake", "Bel", "ieve", "cred", "it", "R", "ivers", "C", "u", 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68315676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20P.%20Webster	George P. Webster	George Parmlee Webster (June 24, 1828 – January 11, 1899) was an American lawyer and politician. Life Webster was born on June 24, 1828, in Watertown, Connecticut, the son of George Butler Webster and Eliza Jane Noys. He was a descendant of Connecticut colonial governor John Webster through his father's side. Webster studied at the Lancasterian School in New Haven under John E. Lovel. He then moved to Newport, Kentucky, and studied law in his uncle Francis M. Webster's law firm Webster & Root. In 1849, before he was admitted to the bar, he moved to California during the California Gold Rush. He spent three years there, prospecting the mining region from the North Yuba to the Mohave. He spent the winter of 1851-1852 in Death Valley, after which he went to the northern mines. In 1853, he returned to Newport, resumed his law studies, and was admitted to the bar. In 1854, he was elected District Attorney of Campbell County. He was then appointed City Solicitor of Newport, an office he held for six years. In 1860, Webster was elected to the Kentucky Legislature as a Union Democrat, representing Campbell County. In 1861, he was the deciding vote against neutrality, 96-97, which kept Kentucky in the Union during the American Civil War. In honor of the vote, a salute of 97 guns was fired from New York City Hall Park. He was also the deciding vote to elect Garret Davis to the United States Senate from Kentucky. President Lincoln then appointed and commissioned him assistant quartermaster in the Union Army with the rank of captain. He became major and lieutenant-colonel by brevet in December 1865. He was then brevetted colonel in February 1866. He served in the field in Kentucky with Generals Lew Wallace, Grant, and Goodloe. He was also in charge of the post in Covington and Cincinnati. When the Confederates were moving in on Covington and General Burnside needed supplies to defend the state, Webster provided Burnside's army with $500,000 worth of rations and clothing while the army was on the move. He handled a total of 40 million dollars of government and property during the war. He declined an offer of commission in the regular army and was honorably discharged in October 1866. After the war, he moved to New York City and practiced law there. In 1889, Webster was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Tammany Democrat, representing the New York County 23rd District. He served in the Assembly in 1890, 1891, 1892 (when he introduced bills that appropriated three million dollars for repaving the streets establish a pumping station, abolished the aqueduct commission, authorized the New York Central to build a bridge above the Harlem River, and authorized the consolidation of all street railways in New York City), and 1893 (when, as chairman of the Committee on Affairs of Cities, introduced a number of bills, including to enlarge the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Natural History, abolish the power of dock commissioners to issue bonds, keep New York City's water supply pure, provide for the consolidation of New York City and Brooklyn, remove New York City Hall from City Hall Park, establish a speedway along the Harlem River, settle wrongful assessments, remove the reservoir in Bryant Park, and appropriate $150,000 to convert Castle Garden into a aquarium. In the Assembly, he passed a law that gave women the right to make a will without the knowledge or consent of the husband as well as an act that made the mother and father joint guardians of minor children instead of just the father. Webster became a member of the New York State Bar Association in 1889. He was a corporate member of the Knights Templar and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. He was also a member of the New York Press Club, publisher of a Harlem newspaper, and a contributor of the New York press for thirty years. In 1856, he married Agnes Hayman, daughter of an old Kentucky family. They had two daughters and two sons. The sons were both lawyers. Webster died at home from Bright's disease on January 11, 1899. References External links The Political Graveyard 1828 births 1899 deaths People from Watertown, Connecticut People from Newport, Kentucky 19th-century American lawyers Kentucky Commonwealth's Attorneys Lawyers from New York City Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives People of Kentucky in the American Civil War Union Army colonels 19th-century American politicians Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people) Deaths from nephritis	[ "George", "Par", "m", "le", "e", "Web", "ster", "(", "June", "24", ",", "18", "28", "–", "January", "11", ",", "189", "9", ")", "was", "an", "American", "law", "yer", "and", "politician", ".", "Life", "Web", "ster", "was", "born", "on", "June", "24", ",", "18", "28", ",", "in", "Water", "town", ",", "Conne", "ctic", "ut", ",", "the", "son", "of", "George", "But", "ler", "Web", "ster", "and", "Eliz", "a", "Jane", "N", "oy", "s", ".", "He", "was", "a", "des", "c", "end", 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64195660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen%20Kuong	Carmen Kuong	Carmen Elisa Kuong Mavila (born 18 March 1981) is a Peruvian former footballer who played as a centre back. She has been a member of the Peru women's national team. International career Kuong capped for Peru at senior level during the 2003 South American Women's Football Championship. References 1981 births Living people Peruvian women's footballers Peru women's international footballers Women's association football central defenders Peruvian people of Chinese descent Sportspeople of Chinese descent	[ "Car", "men", "El", "is", "a", "Ku", "ong", "M", "av", "ila", "(", "born", "18", "March", "1981", ")", "is", "a", "Per", "u", "v", "ian", "former", "footballer", "who", "played", "as", "a", "centre", "back", ".", "She", "has", "been", "a", "member", "of", "the", "Per", "u", "women", "'", "s", "national", "team", ".", "International", "career", "Ku", "ong", "cap", "ped", "for", "Per", "u", "at", "senior", "level", "during", "the", "2003", "South", "American", "Women", "'", "s", "Football", "Championship", ".", "References", "1981", "births", "Living", "people", "Per", "u", "v", "ian", "women", "'", "s", "footballers", "Per", "u", "women", "'", "s", "international", "footballers", "Women", "'", "s", "association", "football", "central", "defend", "ers", "Per", "u", "v", "ian", "people", "of", "Chinese", "descent", "Sportspeople", "of", "Chinese", "descent" ]	[ 25198, 25203, 25421, 24593, 69, 29920, 24728, 49, 24668, 28203, 12, 25049, 24722, 25317, 27073, 13, 24593, 69, 25768, 89, 90, 24669, 25346, 27507, 24831, 25350, 24594, 69, 28026, 25152, 18, 25079, 24808, 24948, 69, 25537, 24595, 24585, 25768, 89, 25522, 11, 87, 25743, 25036, 18, 25731, 25513, 29920, 24728, 25238, 25437, 24618, 25768, 89, 24590, 27863, 25846, 25104, 24585, 25877, 25236, 24868, 26348, 11, 87, 26178, 25658, 18, 24838, 27073, 25393, 25766, 24941, 25768, 89, 90, 24669, 25522, 11, 87, 26450, 25768, 89, 25522, 11, 87, 26101, 26450, 26348, 11, 87, 27304, 25128, 27016, 29726, 24629, 25768, 89, 90, 24669, 24941, 24595, 26640, 28341, 29729, 24595, 26640, 28341 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
66232820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Baghdad%20%281638%E2%80%931704%29	History of Baghdad (1638–1704)	In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1638 to 1704 began with the Fall of Baghdad after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city from the Safavid. It ended with the Hasan Pasha got power and also became the first Mamluk Governor of Baghdad on 1704. Kashik Hassan Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Youssef Pasha was the last Timeline 1652 – Population: 14000 . 1657 – Flood. 1663 – The Ottoman Poet Nazmizade Baghdadi dies. 1669 – A typhus spreads in Baghdad 1672 – The Islamic scholar Mahmud Bin Ahmed al-Ahsá'í dies in Baghdad. 1674 – Hussain Pasha mosque built 1681 – Al-adamiyah Dam was over after had seven years built 1683 Ibrahim Pasha had reconstructions Al-Sarai Mosque Khaseki mosque built City besieged 1689 An earthquake happens in Baghdad The plague and Drought spreads in Baghdad 1690 – A plague was spreading in Baghdad the second time for less than one year 1702 – An earthquake happened in Baghdad on 15 July 1702 Ottoman walis (1638–1704) References See also Mamluk dynasty of Iraq History of Baghdad 1831-1917 Ottoman Iraq 1638 1638 establishments	[ "In", "the", "history", "of", "B", "ag", "h", "d", "ad", ",", "the", "period", "from", "16", "38", "to", "17", "0", "4", "began", "with", "the", "Fall", "of", "B", 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6761883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20IAAF%20World%20Cross%20Country%20Championships	2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships	The 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 20/21, 2004. The races were held at the Ossegem Park in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, and for the IAAF. The new team scores introduced in 2002 were reverted to the original form as used in 2001 and earlier. Complete results for senior men, for senior men's teams, for men's short race, for men's short race teams, for junior men, for junior men's teams, senior women, for senior women's teams, for women's short race, for women's short race teams, for junior women, for junior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published. Medallists Race results Senior men's race (12 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Men's short race (4 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Junior men's race (8 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Senior women's race (8 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Women's short race (4 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Junior women's race (6 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Medal table (unofficial) Note: Totals include both individual and team medals, with medals in the team competition counting as one medal. Participation According to an unofficial count, 673 athletes from 72 countries participated. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published. The announced athletes from did not show. (12) (2) (16) (2) (1) (6) (36) (4) (5) (5) (4) (33) (1) (2) (8) (1) (2) (2) (4) (4) (1) (19) (30) (32) (1) (2) (1) (1) (3) (17) (11) (23) (2) (36) (3) (2) (1) (5) (7) (34) (4) (6) (9) (4) (1) (4) (23) (13) (6) (2) (15) (10) (3) (2) (2) (12) (35) (13) (3) (13) (7) (3) (6) (6) (4) (30) (36) (5) (6) (2) (4) (3) See also 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Men's short race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Women's short race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race 2004 in athletics (track and field) References External links Official site 2004 Cross Country Championships Cross Country C Cross country running in Belgium Sports competitions in Brussels 2000s in Brussels March 2004 sports events in Europe	[ "The", "2004", "I", "AA", "F", "World", "Cross", 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22150713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenesis	Neogenesis	Neogenesis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Neogenesis flaviplagialis, which is found in Papua New Guinea. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Odontiinae Crambidae genera Taxa named by George Hampson	[ "Ne", "og", "en", "es", "is", "is", "a", "genus", "of", "mo", "ths", "of", "the", "family", "Cr", "amb", "idae", ".", "It", "contains", "only", "one", "species", ",", "Ne", "og", "en", "es", "is", "fl", "avi", "pl", "ag", "ial", "is", ",", "which", "is", "found", "in", "P", "ap", "ua", "New", "Gu", "ine", "a", ".", "References", "Nat", "ural", "History", "Museum", "Le", "p", "id", "op", "ter", "a", "genus", "d", "at", "ab", "ase", "O", "d", "ont", "i", "ina", "e", "Cr", "amb", "idae", "gener", "a", "Tax", "a", "named", "by", "George", "Hamp", "son" ]	[ 25486, 24776, 24587, 24589, 24593, 24593, 69, 27716, 24595, 28225, 25136, 24595, 24585, 25334, 25709, 25875, 26724, 18, 24805, 27974, 25089, 24748, 25752, 16, 25486, 24776, 24587, 24589, 24593, 24949, 28992, 24659, 24638, 24727, 24593, 16, 24763, 24593, 25096, 24581, 52, 24654, 28384, 24871, 25409, 24734, 69, 18, 24838, 28383, 25274, 25592, 26531, 24843, 84, 24630, 24644, 24621, 69, 27716, 72, 24590, 24662, 24963, 51, 72, 25349, 77, 25110, 73, 25709, 25875, 26724, 25872, 69, 28478, 69, 25533, 24647, 26026, 29346, 24951 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
36745171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%27s%20Cock	Frank's Cock	Frank's Cock is a 1993 Canadian short film written and directed by Mike Hoolboom. The eight-minute production stars Callum Keith Rennie as an unnamed narrator who discusses his relationship with his partner, Frank. The two met while the narrator was a teenager and spent nearly ten years together. Frank has since been diagnosed with AIDS, and the narrator fears his death. The story was based on the experience of one of Hoolboom's friends at People With AIDS, which Hoolboom adapted after receiving a commission to create a short film about breaking up. Shot on a low budget, the work is shown in a split-screen format with interspersed scenes from popular culture, gay pornography, and human embryo formation; this format is meant to symbolise the "fragmentation of the body" experienced by AIDS sufferers. Produced by Alex Mackenzie, Frank's Cock was critically acclaimed and won several awards, including the NFB–John Spotton Award for best Canadian short film at the 1994 Toronto International Film Festival. The script has been republished several times and has inspired a short on LGBT issues in Canada's native community. Synopsis An unnamed narrator (Callum Keith Rennie), who as a teenager intended to be the "Michael Jordan of sex" or "Wayne Gretzky with a hard-on", discusses how he met and fell in love with an older man named Frank. After the two met at a group sex session, they began an older brother–younger brother fantasy and moved in together. Frank has a voracious sexual appetite and, at times, invites the narrator for whole-day sex sessions. He is a tender lover, teaching his partner how to fly a box kite and cooking omelettes for him. The narrator is pleased with Frank's attentions and their sexual experimentation, although he is initially confused by Frank's insistence on listening to Peter Gzowski's Morningside during sex. As their ten-year anniversary approaches, Frank – having lost much weight and developed Kaposi's sarcomas – has been diagnosed with AIDS, leaving the narrator stunned; he concludes the narration with "I'm going to miss him. He was the best friend I ever had." Production The Canadian director Mike Hoolboom was diagnosed with HIV in 1988 or 1989, after going to donate blood. In a 1993 interview, he stated that he felt himself working harder after the diagnosis, finishing films at a more rapid rate because he was uncertain how long he would live. Hoolboom also became "fascinated with a body of parts spliced and spliced again", experimenting with "interruptive rhythms" as a way to reexamine simple acts. Having previously focused on films about the body, Hoolboom began dealing heavily with fragmentation, HIV/AIDS, and situations faced by those with the virus; Frank's Cock was his first venture directly addressing the AIDS issue. While living in Vancouver, Hoolboom joined the local People With AIDS (PWA) group. There he befriended a man (Joey in some sources, Alan in others) whose partner was dying of AIDS. Upon his friend's suggestion, Hoolboom began work on a script for "a real movie": one which portrayed an AIDS patient as full of love, not one that showed the patient's friends abandoning him. The friend was, however, unwilling to appear in the film. In writing the script Hoolboom tried to keep elements of humour; he later said that the humour was necessary as the source had insisted "most of our relationship was incredibly joyous and happy and a good time". After receiving a commission to make a short film for the Vancouver-based cooperative Cineworks, Hoolboom began working on realising the script with a low budget and limited amount of 16 mm film from the National Film Board of Canada; he was one of seven artists commissioned to "spark local production" with short films on breakup, which were ultimately included in the omnibus Breaking Up. Rennie – at that time a relative unknown – agreed to deliver the monologue. Hoolboom was pleased with the results, writing that Rennie presented the monologue as if "he'd been living this story all along." The majority of the technical work, including direction, cinematography, and editing, was handled by Hoolboom; Alex Mackenzie, working for Cineworks, produced the film. Part of the terms of his grant were that Hoolboom was allowed a limited number of edits (one or three). After pondering how to complete the film under such terms, Hoolboom chose to use no edits. He recorded previously edited footage, some appropriated from various sources, through a hole in a piece of cardboard, producing a single quadrant; he repeated this process three times, using the same film, which resulted in four quadrants with four different images. Production was completed by early 1993, and in screenings Frank's Cock was marketed as an "extremely explicit" experimental film. Although societal awareness of AIDS had developed at a slower pace in Canada than in the United States, films regarding the disease had appeared nearly concurrently: both the first Canadian documentary and the first American feature-length film on the subject, Nik Sheehan's No Sad Songs and John Erman's An Early Frost respectively, were released in 1985. However, the majority of the early gay artists with AIDS had died by the time Hoolboom made Frank's Cock; as such, the film scholar Thomas Waugh considers Hoolboom a second-generation figurehead in AIDS activism and one of the earliest not coming from the gay community. Style Frank's Cock divides the screen into quadrants, with the majority of the film focusing on the upper-right corner of the screen. In this panel, Rennie's character gives a monologue, which is sometimes illustrated by images in other panels: the lower-right panel flashes scenes of hardcore gay pornography, the upper-left shows scenes representing human embryo formation, while the lower-left flashes excerpts from popular art. Aside from the original footage of Rennie, the short appropriated clips from the Nova episode "The Miracle of Life", the gay pornographic film The Best of Blondes, and the music video for Madonna's 1992 song "Erotica". The effect was later reused in Hoolboom's 1997 short Positiv. Janis Cole, writing for Point of View, described the split-screen effect as supporting the text while "creating an optical treatment purposefully grounded in both dream and reality", as elements show out of sync. Jeff Rush and Cynthia Baughman, writing in the Journal of Film and Video, described the film as showing that "text can reverse the traditional balance of words = abstractions/images = the concrete" through the creation of vivid, perhaps disturbing, word pictures which serve as tangible images contrasted with the faint abstractions which are the actual images. Jack Rusholme, prefacing a retrospective of Hoolboom's works by Experimenta Media Arts, wrote that the split-screen evokes the effects of AIDS, in which "the body [is] broken into dispersed vantages", while the narration serves to "bind with words what this disease will render lifeless and inert". In a 1994 interview, Hoolboom stated that his intent was to represent the "fragmentation of the body" experienced by AIDS sufferers. Reception Frank's Cock has received warm critical reviews, both in Canada and abroad. Cole called it an "extraordinary experimental documentary" that is "as bold as the title implies" and a strong argument for the widespread dissemination of short films. Waugh placed Frank's Cock as one of a "great AIDS triptych", together with Hoolboom's later works Letters from Home (1996) and Positiv. The Canadian film scholar Darell Varga wrote that the film is an "emotionally riveting" eulogy to the loss of love. Karen Tisch, writing in Take One, found that the short built its emotional power "delicately but steadily"; she suggested that its Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) win was well-deserved. Reviewing for the Western Australian independent film magazine In the Picture, James Twentyman wrote that the film was "relatively straightforward" but strong and provocative, emphasising the "soul-baring" nature of the monologue. Rush and Baughman found that the short took the narrative voice beyond what is mainstream, demonstrating "the power of word and image", while Rusholme described Frank's Cock as Hoolboom's "most explicit AIDS narrative". The Swiss film festival Viper touted the short as expressing humour and sexual obsession in the face of a plague. Hoolboom has stated that he felt the film was accessible to both gay or straight audiences, which should "open them up to differences of form and why [one] would make something formally different." Waugh suggested that this was successful, as in his experience audiences often cried at screenings. Legacy Frank's Cock won several awards at domestic and international film festivals. At the 1994 TIFF it won the NFB–John Spotton Award, given for the best Canadian short film. The jury cited Frank's Cock for its "evocative images, ... impeccable writing and mise-en-scène, ... moving depiction of the universal human experiences of love and loss in the age of AIDS, and especially for its success in shaking our preconceptions". The selection included C$2,500 in prize money and a further C$2,500 worth of film processing. When accepting the award, Hoolboom quipped "Frank's Cock has never seemed so large"; Waugh, however, suggests that the title "caused more embarrassment than mirth" when it was read during the citation. Special citations were also read for Andrew Munger's Make Some Noise and Philip Hoffman's Technilogic Ordering. That year the film won a Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in Locarno, Switzerland. At the Ann Arbor Film Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Frank's Cock won Best Dramatic Film. The Canadian Filmmakers' Distribution Centre, which has distribution rights for the film, notes further awards at the Interfilm Festival in Berlin and Second Prize Experimental at the Big Muddy Film Festival in Carbondale, Illinois (both 1995), while Hoolboom records Frank's Cock as receiving an honourable mention at the University of Oregon's Queer Film Fest (1994). The script for Frank's Cock has been published several times, including in the script anthology By the Skin of Their Tongues and in the Journal of Film and Video (both 1997). The film influenced Adam Garnet Jones' Secret Weapons (2008), commissioned by the Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Centre in celebration of its fortieth anniversary. However, unlike Frank's Cock, Secret Weapons focused on an LGBT identity within Canada's native community. After his success at the TIFF, Hoolboom directed numerous further films, many showing a "fascination with its impermanence"; several, including Letters From Home, dealt explicitly with AIDS. Rennie, who had also received critical acclaim for his supporting role in Mina Shum's Double Happiness (1994), later became known for playing villains in Hollywood films. See also HIV/AIDS in Canada LGBT culture LGBT in Canada Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS Notes References Further reading External links Script at Mike Hoolboom's official website 1993 LGBT-related films 1993 films Canadian independent films Canadian LGBT-related short films Canadian drama short films Films directed by Mike Hoolboom HIV/AIDS in Canadian films 1993 independent films 1990s English-language films 1990s Canadian films Collage film English-language Canadian films	[ "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "is", "a", "1993", "Canadian", "short", "film", "written", "and", "directed", "by", "Mike", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", ".", "The", "eight", "-", "minute", "production", "stars", "Call", "um", "Ke", "ith", "R", "enn", "ie", "as", "an", "un", "named", "n", "arr", "ator", "who", "discuss", "es", "his", "relationship", "with", "his", "part", "ner", ",", "Frank", ".", "The", "two", "met", "while", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "was", "a", "teen", "ag", "er", "and", "spent", "nearly", "ten", "years", "together", ".", "Frank", "has", "since", "been", "di", "agn", "os", "ed", "with", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "and", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "f", "ear", "s", "his", "death", ".", "The", "story", "was", "based", "on", "the", "experience", "of", "one", "of", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "friends", "at", "People", "With", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "which", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "ad", "ap", "ted", "after", "rece", "iving", "a", "commission", "to", "create", "a", "short", "film", "about", "bre", "aking", "up", ".", "Sh", "ot", "on", "a", "low", "bud", "get", ",", "the", "work", "is", "shown", "in", "a", "split", "-", "screen", "format", "with", "inter", "sp", "ers", "ed", "scen", "es", "from", "popular", "culture", ",", "g", "ay", "por", "no", "graphy", ",", "and", "human", "em", "br", "yo", "formation", ";", "this", "format", "is", "me", "ant", "to", "sym", "bol", "ise", "the", "\"", "fr", "ag", "ment", "ation", "of", "the", "body", "\"", "experi", "enced", "by", "A", "ID", "S", "suffer", "ers", ".", "Produ", "ced", "by", "Alex", "M", "ack", "en", "z", "ie", ",", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "crit", "ically", "ac", "claimed", "and", "won", "several", "awards", ",", "including", "the", "N", "F", "B", "–", "John", "Sp", "ot", "ton", "Award", "for", "best", "Canadian", "short", "film", "at", "the", "1994", "Toronto", "International", "Film", "Festival", ".", "The", "s", "cript", "has", "been", "re", "published", "several", "times", "and", "has", "inspired", "a", "short", "on", "L", "GB", "T", "issues", "in", "Canada", "'", "s", "native", "community", ".", "Sy", "n", "ops", "is", "An", "un", "named", "n", "arr", "ator", "(", "Call", "um", "Ke", "ith", "R", "enn", "ie", "),", "who", "as", "a", "teen", "ag", "er", "intended", "to", "be", "the", "\"", "Michael", "J", "ord", "an", "of", "sex", "\"", "or", "\"", "Way", "ne", "G", "ret", "z", "ky", "with", "a", "hard", "-", "on", "\",", "discuss", "es", "how", "he", "met", "and", "fell", "in", "love", "with", "an", "older", "man", "named", "Frank", ".", "After", "the", "two", "met", "at", "a", "group", "sex", "s", "ession", ",", "they", "began", "an", "older", "brother", "–", "younger", "brother", "f", "ant", "asy", "and", "moved", "in", "together", ".", "Frank", "has", "a", "v", "or", "ac", "ious", "sexual", "app", "et", "ite", "and", ",", "at", "times", ",", "inv", "ites", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "for", "whole", "-", "day", "sex", "s", "ess", "ions", ".", "He", "is", "a", "t", "ender", "l", "over", ",", "teach", "ing", "his", "part", "ner", "how", "to", "fly", "a", "box", "k", "ite", "and", "co", "ok", "ing", "ome", "let", "t", "es", "for", "him", ".", "The", "n", "arr", "ator", "is", "ple", "ased", "with", "Frank", "'", "s", "att", "ent", "ions", "and", "their", "sexual", "experiment", "ation", ",", "although", "he", "is", "initially", "conf", "used", "by", "Frank", "'", "s", "ins", "ist", "ence", "on", "list", "ening", "to", "Peter", "G", "z", "ow", "ski", "'", "s", "M", "orn", "ings", "ide", "during", "sex", ".", "As", "their", "ten", "-", "year", "ann", "ivers", "ary", "approach", "es", ",", "Frank", "–", "having", "lost", "much", "weight", "and", "developed", "K", "ap", "os", "i", "'", "s", "s", "ar", "com", "as", "–", "has", "been", "di", "agn", "os", "ed", "with", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "leaving", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "st", "un", "ned", ";", "he", "concl", "ud", "es", "the", "n", "arr", "ation", "with", "\"", "I", "'", "m", "going", "to", "miss", "him", ".", "He", "was", "the", "best", "friend", "I", "ever", "had", ".\"", "Production", "The", "Canadian", "director", "Mike", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "di", "agn", "os", "ed", "with", "H", "IV", "in", "1988", "or", "1989", ",", "after", "going", "to", "don", "ate", "blood", ".", "In", "a", "1993", "interview", ",", "he", "stated", "that", "he", "felt", "himself", "working", "hard", "er", "after", "the", "di", "agn", "os", "is", ",", "finish", "ing", "films", "at", "a", "more", "rap", "id", "rate", "because", "he", "was", "un", "certain", "how", "long", "he", "would", "live", ".", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "also", "became", "\"", "f", "asc", "in", "ated", "with", "a", "body", "of", "parts", "s", "plic", "ed", "and", "s", "plic", "ed", "again", "\",", "experiment", "ing", "with", "\"", "inter", "rupt", "ive", "r", "hy", "th", "ms", "\"", "as", "a", "way", "to", "re", "exam", "ine", "sim", "ple", "acts", ".", "H", "aving", "previously", "foc", "used", "on", "films", "about", "the", "body", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "deal", "ing", "he", "av", "ily", "with", "fr", "ag", "ment", "ation", ",", "H", "IV", "/", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "and", "sit", "u", "ations", "faced", "by", "those", "with", "the", "vir", "us", ";", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "his", "first", "venture", "directly", "address", "ing", "the", "A", "ID", "S", "issue", ".", "While", "living", "in", "V", "anc", "ou", "ver", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "joined", "the", "local", "People", "With", "A", "ID", "S", "(", "P", "W", "A", ")", "group", ".", "There", "he", "be", "fr", "i", "ended", "a", "man", "(", "Jo", "ey", "in", "some", "sources", ",", "Al", "an", "in", "others", ")", "whose", "part", "ner", "was", "d", "ying", "of", "A", "ID", "S", ".", "Up", "on", "his", "friend", "'", "s", "sugg", "est", "ion", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "work", "on", "a", "s", "cript", "for", "\"", "a", "real", "movie", "\"", ":", "one", "which", "portr", "ayed", "an", "A", "ID", "S", "pat", "ient", "as", "full", "of", "love", ",", "not", "one", "that", "showed", "the", "pat", "ient", "'", "s", "friends", "abandon", "ing", "him", ".", "The", "friend", "was", ",", "however", ",", "un", "will", "ing", "to", "appear", "in", "the", "film", ".", "In", "writing", "the", "s", "cript", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "tr", "ied", "to", "keep", "elements", "of", "hum", "our", ";", "he", "later", "said", "that", "the", "hum", "our", "was", "necess", "ary", "as", "the", "source", "had", "ins", "ist", "ed", "\"", "most", "of", "our", "relationship", "was", "in", "cred", "ibly", "joy", "ous", "and", "h", "app", "y", "and", "a", "good", "time", "\".", "After", "rece", "iving", "a", "commission", "to", "make", "a", "short", "film", "for", "the", "V", "anc", "ou", "ver", "-", "based", "co", "oper", "ative", "C", "ine", "works", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "working", "on", "real", "ising", "the", "s", "cript", "with", "a", "low", "bud", "get", "and", "limited", "amount", "of", "16", "mm", "film", "from", "the", "National", "Film", "Board", "of", "Canada", ";", "he", "was", "one", "of", "seven", "artists", "commissioned", "to", "\"", "sp", "ark", "local", "production", "\"", "with", "short", "films", "on", "break", "up", ",", "which", "were", "ult", "imately", "included", "in", "the", "om", "n", "ib", "us", "Bre", "aking", "Up", ".", "R", "enn", "ie", "–", "at", "that", "time", "a", "rel", "ative", "unknown", "–", "agreed", "to", "deliver", "the", "mon", "olog", "ue", ".", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "ple", "ased", "with", "the", "results", ",", "writing", "that", "R", "enn", "ie", "presented", "the", "mon", "olog", "ue", "as", "if", "\"", "he", "'", "d", "been", "living", "this", "story", "all", "along", ".\"", "The", "majority", "of", "the", "techn", "ical", "work", ",", "including", "direction", ",", "c", "inem", "ato", "graphy", ",", "and", "ed", "iting", ",", "was", "hand", "led", "by", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", ";", "Alex", "M", "ack", "en", "z", "ie", ",", "working", "for", "C", "ine", "works", ",", "produced", "the", "film", ".", "Part", "of", "the", "terms", "of", "his", "gr", "ant", "were", "that", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "allowed", "a", "limited", "number", "of", "ed", "its", "(", "one", "or", "three", ").", "After", "p", "on", "der", "ing", "how", "to", "complete", "the", "film", "under", "such", "terms", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "cho", "se", "to", "use", "no", "ed", "its", ".", "He", "recorded", "previously", "ed", "ited", "foot", "age", ",", "some", "appro", "pri", "ated", "from", "various", "sources", ",", "through", "a", "h", "ole", "in", "a", "piece", "of", "card", "board", ",", "produ", "cing", "a", "single", "quad", "r", "ant", ";", "he", "repe", "ated", "this", "process", "three", "times", ",", "using", "the", "same", "film", ",", "which", "resulted", "in", "four", "quad", "rants", "with", "four", "different", "im", "ages", ".", "Production", "was", "completed", "by", "early", "1993", ",", "and", "in", "screen", "ings", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "market", "ed", "as", "an", "\"", "ext", "rem", "ely", "expl", "ic", "it", "\"", "experiment", "al", "film", ".", "Although", "soci", "et", "al", "aw", "ar", "en", "ess", "of", "A", "ID", "S", "had", "developed", "at", "a", "sl", "ower", "p", "ace", "in", "Canada", "than", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "films", "regard", "ing", "the", "disease", "had", "appeared", "nearly", "con", "currently", ":", "both", "the", "first", "Canadian", "documentary", "and", "the", "first", "American", "feature", "-", "length", "film", "on", "the", "subject", ",", "Nik", "She", "e", "han", "'", "s", "No", "S", "ad", "Songs", "and", "John", "Er", "man", "'", "s", "An", "Early", "F", "ro", "st", "respectively", ",", "were", "released", "in", "1985", ".", "However", ",", "the", "majority", "of", "the", "early", "g", "ay", "artists", "with", "A", "ID", "S", "had", "died", "by", "the", "time", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "made", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", ";", "as", "such", ",", "the", "film", "scholar", "Thomas", "W", "augh", "consid", "ers", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "a", "second", "-", "gener", "ation", "figure", "head", "in", "A", "ID", "S", "activ", "ism", "and", "one", "of", "the", "earli", "est", "not", "coming", "from", "the", "g", "ay", "community", ".", "St", "yle", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "div", "ides", "the", "screen", "into", "quad", "rants", ",", "with", "the", "majority", "of", "the", "film", "foc", "using", "on", "the", "upper", "-", "right", "corn", "er", "of", "the", "screen", ".", "In", "this", "pan", "el", ",", "R", "enn", "ie", "'", "s", "character", "gives", "a", "mon", "olog", "ue", ",", "which", "is", "sometimes", "illustr", "ated", "by", "im", "ages", "in", "other", "pan", "els", ":", "the", "lower", "-", "right", "pan", "el", "fl", "ash", "es", "scen", "es", "of", "hard", "core", "g", "ay", "por", "no", "graphy", ",", "the", "upper", "-", "left", "shows", "scen", "es", "represent", "ing", "human", "em", "br", "yo", "formation", ",", "while", "the", "lower", "-", "left", "fl", "ash", "es", "ex", "cer", "p", "ts", "from", "popular", "art", ".", "As", "ide", "from", "the", "original", "foot", "age", "of", "R", "enn", "ie", ",", "the", "short", "appro", "pri", "ated", "cl", "ips", "from", "the", "Nov", "a", "episode", "\"", "The", "Mir", "ac", "le", "of", "Life", "\",", "the", "g", "ay", "por", "no", "graph", "ic", "film", "The", "Best", "of", "Bl", "on", "des", ",", "and", "the", "music", "video", "for", "Mad", "on", "na", "'", "s", "1992", "song", "\"", "E", "rot", "ica", "\".", "The", "effect", "was", "later", "re", "used", "in", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "1997", "short", "P", "os", "it", "iv", ".", "Jan", "is", "Co", "le", ",", "writing", "for", "Point", "of", "V", "iew", ",", "described", "the", "split", "-", "screen", "effect", "as", "support", "ing", "the", "text", "while", "\"", "cre", "ating", "an", "opt", "ical", "treatment", "purpose", "fully", "ground", "ed", "in", "both", "d", "ream", "and", "re", "ality", "\",", "as", "elements", "show", "out", "of", "syn", "c", ".", "Jeff", "R", "ush", "and", "C", "yn", "th", "ia", "B", "augh", "man", ",", "writing", "in", "the", "Journal", "of", "Film", "and", "Video", ",", "described", "the", "film", "as", "show", "ing", "that", "\"", "text", "can", "re", "verse", "the", "traditional", "bal", "ance", "of", "words", "=", "ab", "str", "actions", "/", "im", "ages", "=", "the", "con", "cre", "te", "\"", "through", "the", "creation", "of", "v", "ivid", ",", "per", "h", "aps", "dist", "ur", "b", "ing", ",", "word", "pict", "ures", "which", "serve", "as", "t", "ang", "ible", "im", "ages", "contr", "ast", "ed", "with", "the", "f", "aint", "ab", "str", "actions", "which", "are", "the", "act", "ual", "im", "ages", ".", "Jack", "R", "ush", "ol", "me", ",", "pre", "fac", "ing", "a", "ret", "ro", "spe", "ctive", "of", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "works", "by", "Ex", "per", "iment", "a", "Media", "Arts", ",", "wrote", "that", "the", "split", "-", "screen", "ev", "ok", "es", "the", "effects", "of", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "in", "which", "\"", "the", "body", "[", "is", "]", "bro", "ken", "into", "dis", "pers", "ed", "v", "ant", "ages", "\",", "while", "the", "n", "arr", "ation", "serves", "to", "\"", "b", "ind", "with", "words", "what", "this", "disease", "will", "r", "ender", "lif", "el", "ess", "and", "in", "ert", "\".", "In", "a", "1994", "interview", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "stated", "that", "his", "int", "ent", "was", "to", "represent", "the", "\"", "fr", "ag", "ment", "ation", "of", "the", "body", "\"", "experi", "enced", "by", "A", "ID", "S", "suffer", "ers", ".", "Re", "ception", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "has", "received", "w", "arm", "critical", "reviews", ",", "both", "in", "Canada", "and", "ab", "road", ".", "Co", "le", "called", "it", "an", "\"", "ex", "tra", "ord", "inary", "experiment", "al", "documentary", "\"", "that", "is", "\"", "as", "b", "old", "as", "the", "title", "im", "pl", "ies", "\"", "and", "a", "strong", "arg", "ument", "for", "the", "w", "ides", "pre", "ad", "dis", "se", "min", "ation", "of", "short", "films", ".", "W", "augh", "placed", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "as", "one", "of", "a", "\"", "great", "A", "ID", "S", "tr", "ip", "ty", "ch", "\",", "together", "with", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "later", "works", "Let", "ters", "from", "Home", "(", "1996", ")", "and", "P", "os", "it", "iv", ".", "The", "Canadian", "film", "scholar", "Dar", "ell", "V", "arg", "a", "wrote", "that", "the", "film", "is", "an", "\"", "em", "ot", "ion", "ally", "r", "iv", "et", "ing", "\"", "e", "ul", "ogy", "to", "the", "loss", "of", "love", ".", "Kar", "en", "T", "is", "ch", ",", "writing", "in", "T", "ake", "One", ",", "found", "that", "the", "short", "built", "its", "em", "ot", "ional", "power", "\"", "del", "ic", "ately", "but", "stead", "ily", "\"", ";", "she", "sugg", "ested", "that", "its", "Toronto", "International", "Film", "Festival", "(", "T", "I", "FF", ")", "win", "was", "well", "-", "des", "er", "ved", ".", "Review", "ing", "for", "the", "Western", "Australian", "independent", "film", "magazine", "In", "the", "Pict", "ure", ",", "James", "T", "went", "y", "man", "wrote", "that", "the", "film", "was", "\"", "rel", "atively", "stra", "ight", "forward", "\"", "but", "strong", "and", "prov", "oc", "ative", ",", "emp", "has", "ising", "the", "\"", "s", "oul", "-", "bar", "ing", "\"", "nature", "of", "the", "mon", "olog", "ue", ".", "R", "ush", "and", "B", "augh", "man", "found", "that", "the", "short", "took", "the", "n", "arr", "ative", "voice", "bey", "ond", "what", "is", "main", "stream", ",", "demonstr", "ating", "\"", "the", "power", "of", "word", "and", "image", "\",", "while", "R", "ush", "ol", "me", "described", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "as", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "\"", "most", "expl", "ic", "it", "A", "ID", "S", "n", "arr", "ative", "\".", "The", "Swiss", "film", "festival", "V", "ip", "er", "to", "ut", "ed", "the", "short", "as", "express", "ing", "hum", "our", "and", "sexual", "ob", "s", "ession", "in", "the", "face", "of", "a", "pl", "ague", ".", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "has", "stated", "that", "he", "felt", "the", "film", "was", "access", "ible", "to", "both", "g", "ay", "or", "stra", "ight", "aud", "iences", ",", "which", "should", "\"", "open", "them", "up", "to", "dif", "ferences", "of", "form", "and", "wh", "y", "[", "one", "]", "would", "make", "some", "thing", "form", "ally", "different", 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67901509	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Vision%20%28Belarus%29	Christian Vision (Belarus)	Christian Vision is a working group of the Coordination Council of Belarus for formulating and supporting Christians’ contribution to the council's aims: overcoming the political crisis and securing reconciliation. Status and membership The group was established on 9 September 2020 as an informal interdenominational association open to the Coordination Council members to join. The statement announcing the group's establishment was initially signed by 24 lay and ordained persons from the main Christian denominations of Belarus. Activities Christian Vision monitors and publicises the facts of persecution of the people of faith based on their believes or political views, and of violence and infringement of their rights in the place of detention. Those reports form the basis of the ongoing Monitoring of the Persecution in Belarus of People on Religious Grounds During the Political Crisis published in Russian and English. The reports have been used by the national and international media outlets for their own reporting. The group mobilised and reported on the words and works of the laity and clergy in support of nonviolence, restoring the rule of law and releasing political prisoners. The group encouraged theologians, ordained ministers and others in Belarus and abroad to develop a theological reflective perspective on the protests and persecutions in Belarus. An unprecedented for Belarus example of such a reflection was Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's letter to the Pope Francis. It organised and supported campaigns for political prisoners, persecuted believers and religious communities in Belarus. The group publicises its work on its website and the channels in Telegram and Facebook. 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10936588	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Vietnam	Wildlife of Vietnam	The wildlife of Vietnam is rich in flora and fauna as reflected by its unique biodiversity. Saola, rare and antelope-like animal categorized under the bovine subfamily, was found in 1992 in Vũ Quang National Park. In the 1990s, three other muntjac species, the deer-like Truong Son muntjac (found in Bạch Mã National Park), giant muntjac (found in Vũ Quang National Park) and Pu Hoat muntjac (found in Pù Hoạt, Nghệ An), were also discovered. Conservation protection and scientific studies of the ecology of Vietnam, particularly in the protected forest areas, have been given priority attention by the Government of Vietnam. Laws were enacted to set up Xuân Thủy Wetland National Park, four UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, and Hạ Long Bay and Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Parks; the last two are also designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The rich diversity of Vietnam's wildlife includes 11,400 species of vascular plants, 1030 species of moss, 310 species of mammals, 296 reptile species, 162 amphibian species, 700 freshwater species of fish and 2000 species of marine fish. There are about 889 species of birds and over 850 species of land mollusks. However, a study by the WWF has reported that nearly 10% of the wildlife in the country is threatened with extinction. Vietnam is placed 16th highest among 152 countries studied in terms of the proportion of its wildlife species found to be in danger. National parks While the national reserves cover small areas of scientific significance with restricted access, the national parks also cover wetlands of Ramsar designated areas and BirdLife International inscribed bird areas. The largest of the national parks initially covered were the Cuc Phuong National Park, the Cat Tien National Park, the Con Dao National Park and Con Dao National Park, which to start with, were forest areas along with being reserves or prohibited areas. The objective for creating national parks was to allow access to the reserved areas as a part of ecotourism and cultural needs with full attention to the basic approach of conservation of natural environmental resources. The national parks and reserves, as per present status, (as reported by the national parks of Vietnam) conforming to the topography of the country which cover terrestrial, deltas of rivers, and coastal zones are: Five national parks and four reserves in the Mekong Delta; two national parks in the northeastern area; five reserves in the north western area; three parks in the Red River Delta; two parks and one reserve in the North Central Coastal area; two reserves in South Central Coastal area; three parks and one reserve in Central Highlands; one park and one reserve in south eastern area. Flora The flora of Vietnam has existed in its current form since at least the Oligocene, as evidenced by the assemblage known as the Ha Long megafossil flora from the Oligocene-aged Dong Ho Formation, which outcrops in the Ha Long region. The country was once totally covered with forests but over the years due to the war and deforestation and anthropological pressures some areas have lost their biodiversity value. The floral richness of the rain forest habitats comprise a broad range of evergreens. According to the Conservation International List Vietnam is identified as the fifth biodiversity hot spot in the world, on account of its exotic flora and fauna. Between 1997 and 2007, almost 1000 new species have been discovered. However, many areas still remain to be explored, and more species are likely to appear in the future. Natural forests are at higher elevations in the northwest and mangrove swamps are in the coastal areas. Rainforest in the hilly region has wild rhododendrons in the northwest along with dwarf bamboos and numerous types of orchids. The central dry region has pines and the river deltas have mangrove forests. The largest and the most conspicuous find in recent years is of the plant species in the Halong Bay area known as Halong fan palm. The largest species was the gum tree. Considered one of the world biological diversification centers, the flora estimated is of the order of 12,000 species (veined flora) of which 9,628 have been recorded under 291 families. It includes 1000 endemic species. Trees, which provide timber, are of 1,000 species. Timber plants are 100 species. Commercially usable species are 352 species including 42 listed as precious tree species. Further categorization of the flora relates to 76 aromatic spices, 160 species providing vegetable oils, and also herbal species. Some of the well known herbal species are: ginseng, Coscinium fenestratum, Coptis teeta, Panax vietnamensis, and Stephania. Fauna Faunal species noted are accounted as 11,217 species of animals, in Vietnam's hot and humid climate. These are broadly: Indian elephants, bears (black bear and honey bear), Indochinese tigers and Indochinese leopards as well as smaller animals like pygmy lorises, monkeys (such as snub-nosed monkey), bats, flying squirrels, turtles and otters. Reptiles such as crocodiles, snakes and lizards are also reported. Specifically the faunal species which are endemic to Vietnam are the following. While many variety of animals have become extinct like the Northern Sumatran rhinoceros, the protection of large animals have been addressed. The Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros used to live throughout the region of Vietnam but was declared extinct in 2010 when the last remaining individual was found dead with the horn removed. There are also 2,470 species of fish, more than 23,000 species of corals and many species of invertebrates recorded in the wildlife of Vietnam. Mammals Primates Hatinh langur Francois' langur Black-crested gibbon White-cheeked gibbon Southern white-cheeked gibbon Red-shanked douc Black-shanked douc Gray-shanked douc Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Stump-tailed macaque Pygmy loris Crab-eating macaque Pig-tailed macaque Cats Indochinese tiger Leopard cat Marbled cat Jungle cat Clouded leopard Asian golden cat Indochinese leopard Civets Large Indian civet Large-spotted civet Small Indian civet Owston's palm civet Asian palm civet Binturong Masked palm civet Small-toothed palm civet Deer Giant muntjac Indian muntjac Truong Son muntjac Vietnamese sika deer Sambar deer Elephants Indian elephant Bovine Banteng Kouprey Saola Gaur Water buffalo Rhinoceros Northern Sumatran rhinoceros which is officially extinct in Vietnam and on the IUCN Red List. Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros which is officially extinct in Vietnam and on the IUCN Red List. Cetacea Chinese white dolphin Finless porpoise (narrow-ridged finless porpoise) Irrawaddy dolphin Spinner dolphin Sirenia Dugong Reptiles Perhaps a third of Vietnam's 484 identified reptile species are endemic, and new species are regularly discovered. These species are often found in particular hotspots, for example 32 endemic species are found within the Annamite Range. The IUCN Red List has listings for 74 threatened species, which does not include species which are too data deficient for assessments to be made. Many species are known only from a single location, and only around a fifth of species (and 23% the Red List species) have captive populations. Such populations can be crucial for a species to survive, for example the Vietnamese pond turtle is present in captivity despite being rare or extinct in the wild. Turtles/tortoises Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata) Vietnamese pond turtle (Mauremys annamensis) Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys) Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Asian giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii) Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) Lizards Agamids Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) Short-footed lizard (Acanthosaura brachypoda) Mountain horned-dragon (Acanthosaura capra) Crowned spiny lizard (Acanthosaura coronata) Brown pricklenape (Acanthosaura lepidogaster) Murphy's agama (Acanthosaura murphyi) Natalie's agama (Acanthosaura nataliae) Phong Dien agama (Acanthosaura phongdienensis) Short-spined agama (Acanthosaura prasina) Banded japalure (Diploderma fasciatum) Geckos Adler's gecko (Gekko adleri) Ba Na dwarf gecko (Hemiphyllodactylus banaensis) Monitors Clouded monitor (Varanus nebulosus) Water monitor (Varanus salvator) Skinks Chinese short-limbed skink (Ateuchosaurus chinensis) Snakes Venomous Mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola) Sharp-nosed viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) Jerdon's pit viper (Protobothrops jerdonii) Brown-spotted pit-viper (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) Three-horned pit-viper (Protobothrops sieversorum) Stejneger's bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) Ruby-eyed pit-viper (Trimeresurus rubeus) White-lipped pit-viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) Indochinese spitting cobra (Naja siamensis) Chinese cobra (Naja atra) Non-venomous Reticulated python Burmese python Red-tailed green ratsnake Vietnam blue beauty ratsnake Crocodilians Saltwater crocodile, which has been extinct in Vietnam since at least the 1980s. Siamese crocodile which is critically endangered on the IUCN Red List and, in Vietnam, is currently only found within Cat Tien National Park, but was much more widespread historically. Birds Rare and little known birds have been identified such as the Edward's pheasant which was believed to be extinct, the white-winged wood duck and the white-shouldered ibis. The country lies on the east Asian flyway of Siberian birds and is an important stopover for migratory waders. According to the BirdLife International records of 2011, the avifauna recorded are of 889 species, which includes 18 endemic species, 44 globally threatened species and 6 introduced species. The globally threatened species are listed under the following three categories, excluding vulnerable category. Near-threatened The near threatened species listed by IBA are: Falcated duck (Anas falcata) Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca) Chestnut-necklaced partridge (Arborophila charltonii) Siamese fireback (Lophura diardi) Germain's peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron germaini) Platalea minor (Ichthyophaga humilis) Gray-headed fish-eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) White-rumped falcon (Polihierax insignis) Laggar falcon (Falco jugger) Corn crake (Crex crex) Band-bellied crake (Porzana paykullii) Malaysian plover (Charadrius peronii) Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) Black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda) Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica) Blue-rumped parrot (Psittinus cyanurus) Long-tailed parakeet (Psittacula longicauda) Black-bellied malkoha (Phaenicophaeus diardi) Ward's trogon (Harpactes wardi) Blyth's kingfisher (Alcedo hercules) Black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Brown hornbill (Anorrhinus austeni) White-crowned hornbill (Aceros comatus) Red-collared woodpecker (Picus rabieri) Japanese paradise-flycatcher (Terpsiphone atrocaudata) Collared crow (Corvus torquatus) Yellow-billed nuthatch (Sitta solangiae) Streaked bulbul (Ixos malaccensis) Black-headed parrotbill (Paradoxornis margaritae) Rufous-rumped grassbird (Graminicola bengalensis) Short-tailed scimitar-babbler (Jabouilleia danjoui) Black-hooded laughingthrush (Garrulax milleti); Vietnamese cutia (Cutia legalleni) Scarlet-breasted flowerpecker (Prionochilus thoracicus) Mekong wagtail (Motacilla samveasnae) Vietnamese greenfinch (Chloris monguilloti) Asian golden weaver (Ploceus hypoxanthus) Endangered The endangered list covers the following species. White-winged duck (Cairina scutulata) Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri) Scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) Orange-necked partridge (Arborophila davidi) Edwards's pheasant (Lophura edwardsi) Vietnamese pheasant Black-faced spoonbill Lesser fish-eagle (Platalea minor) Nordmann's greenshank (Tringa guttifer) Collared laughingthrush (Garrulax yersini) Gray-crowned crocias (Crocias langbianis) Sooty babbler (Stachyris herberti) Critically endangered The list of critically endangered species identified by IBA is given below. Christmas Island frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi) White-shouldered ibis (Pseudibis davisoni) Giant ibis (Pseudibis gigantea) White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis) Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus) Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) Spoon-billed sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) Molluscs Marine molluscs The marine molluscan fauna of Vietnam includes numerous species of chitons, gastropods, tusk shells, cephalopods and bivalves. Non-marine molluscs Vietnam's fauna of non-marine molluscs comprises various species of freshwater gastropods, freshwater bivalves and terrestrial gastropods. The terrestrial gastropod fauna is highly diverse and includes more than 850 described land snail and slug species; many species inhabit limestone karst hills. Threats and conservation The protected areas in Vietnam have suffered a decline over the past several decades. The reasons adduced to this situation are; the Vietnam war, deforestation, hunting, export of animals under CITES agreement which is generally violated by illegal activity due to inadequate patrolling. Illegal trade in wildlife is flourishing in Vietnam as there is great demand for these animals in China and also within the country. They have commercial value both at home and abroad Trade in wildlife resources in Vietnam is of considerable value. In respect of faunal species, trade varies between 3,700 and 4,500 tons; the use of faunal species are also for medical purposes, pets, and as food and ornamentation but excludes trade in aquatic species. Insects are also a valuable source of trade with beetle and Lepidoptera species contributing towards a major share. Medicinal plants are also harvested and its trade is of the order of 20,000 tons. Continuous conservation efforts by the Government of Vietnam have brought more and more areas under protected status. Logging operations have been banned. The conservation efforts are showing positive results with wildlife becoming re-established in many reforested areas. Mangrove forest areas are on the rise due to renewed planting. Fish fauna and crustaceans are proliferating and birds are seen more frequently. As a result of conservation efforts, Siamese crocodile numbers have recovered on account of their reintroduction to ponds within the parks. See also Protected areas of Vietnam List of fauna of Hà Giang List of amphibians of Hoàng Liên National Park References Bibliography . Environment of Vietnam Natural history of Vietnam Vietnam	[ "The", "w", "ild", "life", "of", "Vietnam", "is", "rich", "in", "fl", "ora", "and", "fa", "una", "as", "ref", "lected", "by", "its", "un", "ique", "bi", "od", "iversity", ".", "Sa", "ola", ",", "r", "are", "and", "ant", "el", "ope", "-", "like", "anim", "al", "categ", "or", "ized", "under", "the", "b", "ov", "ine", "sub", "family", ",", "was", "found", "in", "1992", "in", "V", "ũ", "Qu", "ang", "National", "Park", ".", "In", "the", "1990s", ",", "three", "other", "m", "unt", "j", "ac", "species", ",", "the", "de", "er", "-", "like", "Tr", "u", "ong", "Son", "m", "unt", "j", "ac", "(", "found", "in", "B", "ạ", "ch", "M", "ã", "National", "Park", "),", "gian", "t", "m", "unt", "j", "ac", "(", "found", "in", "V", "ũ", "Qu", "ang", "National", "Park", ")", "and", "Pu", "Ho", "at", "m", "unt", "j", "ac", "(", "found", "in", "P", "ù", "Ho", "ạ", "t", ",", "N", "gh", "ệ", "An", "),", "were", "also", "discovered", ".", "Conserv", 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"and", "one", "res", "erve", "in", "Central", "High", "lands", ";", "one", "park", "and", "one", "res", "erve", "in", "south", "eastern", "area", ".", "Flor", "a", "The", "fl", "ora", "of", "Vietnam", "has", "exist", "ed", "in", "its", "current", "form", "since", "at", "least", "the", "Ol", "ig", "oc", "ene", ",", "as", "ev", "id", "enced", "by", "the", "as", "sem", "bl", "age", "known", "as", "the", "Ha", "Long", "me", "g", "af", "oss", "il", "fl", "ora", "from", "the", "Ol", "ig", "oc", "ene", "-", "aged", "D", "ong", "Ho", "Form", "ation", ",", "which", "out", "c", "rop", "s", "in", "the", "Ha", "Long", "region", ".", "The", "country", "was", "once", "to", "t", "ally", "covered", "with", "for", "ests", "but", "over", "the", "years", "due", "to", "the", "war", "and", "de", "forest", "ation", "and", "anth", "ro", "pol", "og", "ical", "press", "ures", "some", "areas", "have", "lost", "their", "bi", "od", "iversity", "value", ".", "The", "fl", "or", "al", "rich", "ness", "of", "the", "rain", "forest", "habit", "ats", "com", "prise", "a", "broad", "range", "of", "ever", "gre", "ens", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Conserv", "ation", "International", "List", "Vietnam", "is", "identified", "as", "the", "fifth", "bi", "od", "iversity", "hot", "spot", "in", "the", "world", ",", "on", "account", "of", "its", "ex", "ot", "ic", "fl", "ora", "and", "fa", "una", ".", "Between", "1997", "and", "2007", ",", "almost", "1", "000", "new", "species", "have", "been", "discovered", ".", "However", ",", "many", "areas", "still", "remain", "to", "be", "expl", "ored", ",", "and", "more", "species", "are", "likely", "to", "appear", "in", "the", "future", ".", "Nat", "ural", "for", "ests", "are", "at", "higher", "ele", "v", "ations", "in", "the", "north", "west", "and", "man", "gro", "ve", "sw", "amp", "s", "are", "in", "the", "coast", "al", "areas", ".", "R", "ain", "forest", "in", "the", "h", "illy", "region", "has", "w", "ild", "r", "h", "od", "od", "end", "r", "ons", "in", "the", 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74296425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystobasidium	Cystobasidium	Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens. Taxonomy The genus was originally described in 1898 by Swedish mycologist Gustaf Lagerheim as a subgenus of Jola and later (1924) raised to a full genus by German mycologist Walther Neuhoff. Its main distinguishing feature (microscopically) was the swollen, cyst-like probasidia from which the basidia emerge. Only one species, Cystobasidium lasioboli, was originally described, but two further species with probasidia were added by subsequent authors. In 1999, British mycologist Peter Roberts noted that Tremella fimetaria Schum. (1803) was an earlier name for Cystobasidium lasioboli and proposed the new combination Cystobasidium fimetarium. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Cystobasidium (based on the type species) is a monophyletic (natural) genus. An additional 20 or so yeast species have been added to the genus, most of which were formerly placed in Rhodotorula. References Pucciniomycotina Basidiomycota genera Taxa described in 1924 Fungal diseases	[ "C", "ys", "to", "bas", "id", "ium", "is", "a", "genus", "of", "f", "ung", "i", "in", "the", "order", "C", "ys", "to", "bas", "id", "ial", "es", ".", "The", "type", "species", "is", "a", "f", "ung", "al", "par", "as", "ite", "forming", "small", "g", "el", "at", "in", "ous", "bas", "id", "i", "oc", "ar", "ps", "(", "fr", "uit", "b", "odies", ")", "on", "various", "as", "com", "y", "ce", "to", "us", "f", "ung", "i", "(", "including", "Las", "io", "bol", "us", "and", "The", "le", "bol", "us", "sp", "p", ")", "on", "d", "ung", ".", "Mic", "ro", "sc", "op", "ically", ",", "it", "has", "aur", "ic", "ular", "io", "id", "(", "later", "ally", "se", "pt", "ate", ")", "bas", "id", "ia", "produ", "cing", "bas", "id", "ios", "por", "es", "that", "ger", "min", "ate", "by", "bud", "ding", "off", "y", "east", "cells", ".", "Other", "species", "are", "known", "only", "from", "their", "y", "east", "states", ".", 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8385502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%20State%20Route%20283	Alabama State Route 283	State Route 283 (SR 283) is a route that serves as a connection between US 411 in the central business district of Centre and US 411 on the eastern edge of the town in Cherokee County. Route description SR 283 begins at its intersection with US 411 in the central business district of Centre. From this point, the route travels in a northeasterly direction as Cedar Bluff Road where it meets US 411 Truck and SR 68 and turns in an easterly direction. SR 283 then briefly travels to the east before turning to the southeast en route to its eastern terminus at US 411 in eastern Centre. Major intersections References External links 283 Transportation in Cherokee County, Alabama	[ "State", "Route", "28", "3", "(", "SR", "28", "3", ")", "is", "a", "route", "that", "serves", "as", "a", "conne", "ction", "between", "US", "4", "11", "in", "the", "central", "business", "district", "of", "Centre", "and", "US", "4", "11", "on", "the", "eastern", "edge", "of", "the", "town", "in", "Ch", "er", "oke", "e", "County", ".", "Route", "descr", "ipt", "ion", "SR", "28", "3", "begins", "at", "its", "inter", "section", "with", "US", "4", "11", "in", "the", "central", "business", "district", "of", "Centre", ".", "From", "this", "point", ",", "the", "route", "trav", "els", "in", "a", "nor", "the", "aster", "ly", "direction", "as", "C", "ed", "ar", "Bl", "u", "ff", "Road", "where", "it", "me", "ets", "US", "4", "11", "Tr", "uck", "and", "SR", "68", "and", "turn", "s", "in", "an", "e", "aster", "ly", "direction", ".", "SR", "28", "3", "then", "brief", "ly", "trav", "els", "to", "the", "east", "before", "turn", "ing", "to", "the", "sou", "theast", "en", "route", "to", "its", "eastern", "termin", "us", "at", "US", "4", "11", "in", "eastern", "Centre", ".", "Major", "inter", "se", "ctions", "References", "External", "links", "28", "3", "Transport", "ation", "in", "Ch", "er", "oke", "e", "County", ",", "Alab", "ama" ]	[ 25461, 28630, 25555, 23, 12, 28967, 25555, 23, 13, 24593, 69, 27895, 24682, 29415, 24594, 69, 26470, 24768, 25142, 25473, 24, 25267, 24581, 24585, 27016, 26045, 25906, 24595, 28155, 24596, 25473, 24, 25267, 24584, 24585, 28093, 29515, 24595, 24585, 25305, 24581, 24698, 24582, 28136, 73, 25239, 18, 28630, 25546, 26112, 24602, 28967, 25555, 23, 29891, 24590, 24783, 25033, 26975, 24651, 25473, 24, 25267, 24581, 24585, 27016, 26045, 25906, 24595, 28155, 18, 26228, 24927, 25992, 16, 24585, 27895, 26618, 25354, 24581, 69, 25248, 24585, 25666, 24633, 29114, 24594, 39, 24588, 24592, 25241, 89, 25078, 26329, 25072, 24598, 24885, 25525, 25473, 24, 25267, 25024, 25776, 24596, 28967, 28950, 24596, 26145, 87, 24581, 24583, 73, 25666, 24633, 29114, 18, 28967, 25555, 23, 25115, 28671, 24633, 26618, 25354, 24601, 24585, 26376, 25327, 26145, 24599, 24601, 24585, 29494, 27604, 24587, 27895, 24601, 24783, 28093, 26667, 24640, 24590, 25473, 24, 25267, 24581, 28093, 28155, 18, 27449, 25033, 24620, 25509, 24838, 25065, 25051, 25555, 23, 28236, 24626, 24581, 24698, 24582, 28136, 73, 25239, 16, 29918, 25614 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
22295993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greer%20Honeywill	Greer Honeywill	Greer Honeywill (born 1945 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian conceptual artist. Her work covers sculptural conventions, autobiography and critical thinking. Life and education Born the daughter of Donald Desmond Spooner (1910-1989), a classical pianist who studied for a short time at the Elder Conservatorium of Music, University of Adelaide before becoming a self-taught realist painter. From 1956 Spooner exhibited regularly at the Walter Wotzke Gallery, Hahndorf, South Australia, and the Royal South Australian Society of Arts. He won the Maude Vizard-Wholohan Prize in 1955 and became a Fellow of the RSASA in 1958. Honeywill studied art at the South Australian School of Art and Western Teachers College (now University of South Australia) graduating as an art teacher in 1964. She continued her studies in drama at Adelaide Teachers College in 1967 (now University of South Australia). In 2003 she graduated from Monash University, PhD in Fine Art and was awarded the Mollie Holman Medal for academic excellence. In August 2015 Greer Honeywill was awarded her second PhD, from the University of Tasmania. Her thesis was titled The Ever Present Eye. Early work Between 1963 and 1976 Honeywill worked as stage designer in Adelaide. She designed Eureka Stockade for the University of Adelaide Theatre Guild and the 1976 production of Jumpers, both Adelaide Fringe Festival productions. In 1974 she joined the founding committee for the Come Out Festival, part of the Adelaide Festival of Arts. Between 1974 and 1981 she created and directed six large-scale, multidisciplinary works. Pageant (1977) and Perambulations Games (1979) were televised by ABC TV. Her production, The Arts Circus (1979), was critically acclaimed. The Human Chess Tournament (1975) exploring human relationships through the medium of live chess, was staged in the Amphitheatre of the Adelaide Festival Centre before becoming part of a new music concert in The Space. Composer, Malcolm Fox (1946-1997) created Cheque Mate, a musical contest between two groups of musicians dependent on the movement of the live chess pieces. The Human Chess Tournament was the first non-music event staged in the amphitheatre at the Adelaide Festival Centre. The Adelaide Festival, 1976, commissioned Super Scrabble for the amphitheatre. British actor John Stride (playing Coriolanus for The South Australian Theatre Company's Adelaide Festival production), officiated as The Adjudicator. Honeywill resigned from the South Australian Education Department in 1982. Work Greer Honeywill relocated to Melbourne, 1990. She joined a shared studio space, '308B at Sydney Road' in Brunswick, Victoria, 1991-1998 with painter David Disher, (winner of the Sulman Prize, 2007), Judy Horocek, cartoonist, artist, writer and children's book creator and Michael Pearce, artist and stage designer. The major work from this period was the collaborative The Great Australian Dream Exhibition, exhibited at Gallery 101, Melbourne in 1995. In 1998, Greer Honeywill returned to research-based studies at Monash University, Melbourne. Her PhD focused on three decades of human interaction, social patterning, child’s play and reflections from her suburban childhood. Dr Susan Sidlauskas, now Professor 19th Century, Rutgers, University of New Jersey described the exegesis accompanying the body of work as ''a…fascinating hybrid of academic research, oral history, social analysis, artistic imagination, autobiography and archiving". According to Sidlauskas, "It was quite unlike anything I had read before, but I was completely impressed by the author’/artist’s breadth of research and artistic imagination".' In 2003 Honeywill was awarded a PhD in fine art by Monash University, Melbourne. Since 2003 Honeywill's work has ranged from large-scale outdoor installations to more formal plinth based sculptural objects and wall mounted text based works. Her interest in distillation, repetition, modularity and generative processes provides, says Professor Carol Shepheard, an understanding of how history, society and culture impact the human condition. Greer Honeywill relocated to Tasmania in 2010 and in late 2011 commenced a second PhD at the University of Tasmania, awarded in August 2015. In 2016, she returned to Melbourne, where she now lives. Awards 2000 Allport Writing Award (Textile Fibre Forum magazine) 2002 Coates and Wood Foundry Prize 2002 Monash University, Doctoral Completion Scholarship 2003 Yering Station Sculpture Prize 2003 World Sculpture News Prize 2003 Mollie Holman Academic Medal, Monash University 2005 Invited installation artist, Castlemaine State Festival, Post Office Installation Series 2006 Arts Victoria, Arts Development Grant 2008 Mitchell Family Award, (Montalto Sculpture Prize) 2008 Inaugural artist in residence, Carr Design Group, Melbourne 2009 Sunshine Coast Art Prize, Commended Award Notes 1945 births Living people 20th-century Australian women artists 20th-century Australian artists 21st-century Australian women artists 21st-century Australian artists Artists from Melbourne Australian conceptual artists Women conceptual artists	[ "Gre", "er", "H", "oney", "will", "(", "born", "1945", "in", "Ad", "ela", "ide", ",", "South", "Australia", ")", "is", "an", "Australian", "concept", "ual", "artist", 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31504303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie%20Richards	Laurie Richards	Lawrence James Richards (born 14 January 1947) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with West Perth in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL), Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Woodville in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Richards, a forward known for his high flying marks, was West Perth's leading goal-kicker with 36 goals in 1966, his first league season. He contributed largely to their 1969 premiership, with seven goals in the grand final against East Perth and 72 for the season, topping the goal-kicking for a second occasion. He was recruited to Fitzroy for the 1971 VFL season and would be used by the club both at centre half-forward and on the ball. After kicking three goals on debut, Richards went on to make a total of 14 appearances that year and over the next three seasons played 65 of a possible 66 games. Richards was runner-up in Fitzroy's 1972 "Best and Fairest" and represented the VFL at interstate football in 1973. A vice-captain, he took 125 marks for Fitzroy in 1974, with the next best player from his club managing just 76. He also kicked 24 goals for the season, averaged just under 17 disposals a game and was his club's second best performer at the Brownlow Medal count with eight votes. In 1975 he was on the move again, joining Woodville, with whom he spent three seasons before returning to Western Australia and playing two further WANFL seasons for West Perth. He finished his career back at Woodville where, aged 34, he kicked 26 goals from 18 appearances in 1981. 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72329204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20PGA%20of%20Japan%20Tour	1988 PGA of Japan Tour	The 1988 PGA of Japan Tour was the 16th season of the PGA of Japan Tour, the main professional golf tour in Japan since it was formed in 1973. Schedule The following table lists official events during the 1988 season. Money list The money list was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Japanese yen. Japan Challenge Tour The 1988 Japan Challenge Tour was the fourth season of the Japan Challenge Tour, the official development tour to the PGA of Japan Tour. Schedule The following table lists official events during the 1988 season. Notes References External links Japan Golf Tour PGA of Japan Tour PGA of Japan Tour	[ "The", "1988", "P", "G", "A", "of", "Japan", "Tour", "was", "the", "16", "th", "season", "of", "the", "P", "G", "A", "of", "Japan", "Tour", ",", "the", "main", "professional", "g", "olf", "tour", "in", "Japan", "since", "it", "was", "formed", "in", "1973", ".", "Sch", "ed", "ule", "The", "following", "table", "l", "ists", "official", "events", "during", "the", "1988", "season", ".", "M", "oney", "list", "The", "money", "list", "was", "based", "on", "pr", "ize", "money", "won", "during", "the", "season", ",", "cal", "c", "ulated", "in", "Japanese", "y", "en", ".", "Japan", "Ch", "all", "enge", "Tour", "The", "1988", "Japan", "Ch", "all", "enge", "Tour", "was", "the", "fourth", "season", "of", "the", "Japan", "Ch", "all", "enge", "Tour", ",", "the", "official", "development", "tour", "to", "the", "P", "G", "A", "of", "Japan", "Tour", ".", "Sch", "ed", "ule", "The", "following", "table", "l", "ists", "official", "events", "during", "the", "1988", "season", ".", "Notes", "References", "External", "links", "Japan", "G", "olf", "Tour", "P", "G", "A", "of", "Japan", "Tour", "P", "G", "A", "of", "Japan", "Tour" ]	[ 24627, 26637, 52, 43, 37, 24595, 25514, 26563, 24625, 24585, 25009, 24580, 25042, 24595, 24585, 52, 43, 37, 24595, 25514, 26563, 16, 24585, 25039, 26350, 75, 26982, 26616, 24581, 25514, 25570, 24598, 24625, 25648, 24581, 27227, 18, 25790, 24588, 27914, 24627, 25528, 28356, 80, 25006, 26550, 26398, 25104, 24585, 26637, 25042, 18, 49, 26755, 25432, 24627, 27907, 25432, 24625, 25413, 24584, 24666, 25662, 27907, 25400, 25104, 24585, 25042, 16, 26775, 71, 26826, 24581, 26288, 93, 24587, 18, 25514, 24698, 24663, 28972, 26563, 24627, 26637, 25514, 24698, 24663, 28972, 26563, 24625, 24585, 27192, 25042, 24595, 24585, 25514, 24698, 24663, 28972, 26563, 16, 24585, 26550, 26266, 26616, 24601, 24585, 52, 43, 37, 24595, 25514, 26563, 18, 25790, 24588, 27914, 24627, 25528, 28356, 80, 25006, 26550, 26398, 25104, 24585, 26637, 25042, 18, 27004, 24838, 25065, 25051, 25514, 43, 26982, 26563, 52, 43, 37, 24595, 25514, 26563, 52, 43, 37, 24595, 25514, 26563 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
72106606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC%20Jun	Lü Jun	Lü Jun (; born 1967) is a Chinese executive and politician, currently serving as chairman and party branch secretary of the COFCO Corporation. He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and is an alternate member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Biography Lü was born in Shulu County (now Xinji), Hebei, in 1967, and graduated from China Agricultural University. Beginning in 1993, he served in several posts in the COFCO Corporation, including deputy general manager, general manager, and vice president. In May 2016, he moved up the ranks to become chairman and party branch secretary fellowing the retirement of . References 1967 births Living people People from Xinji China Agricultural University alumni People's Republic of China politicians from Hebei Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hebei Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Alternate members of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party	[ "L", "ü", "Jun", "(;", "born", "1967", ")", "is", "a", "Chinese", "executive", "and", "politician", ",", "currently", "serving", "as", "chairman", "and", "party", "branch", "se", "cretary", "of", "the", "CO", "FC", "O", "Corporation", ".", "He", "was", "a", "represent", "ative", "of", "the", "19th", "National", "Congress", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", "and", "is", "a", "represent", "ative", "of", "the", "20th", "National", "Congress", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", ".", "He", "was", "an", "altern", "ate", "member", "of", "the", "19th", "Central", "Committee", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", "and", "is", "an", "altern", "ate", "member", "of", "the", "20th", "Central", "Committee", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", ".", "Biography", "L", "ü", "was", "born", "in", "Sh", "ul", "u", "County", "(", "now", "X", "inj", "i", "),", "He", "be", "i", ",", "in", "1967", ",", "and", "graduated", "from", "China", "Agr", "icult", "ural", "University", ".", "Be", "g", "inning", "in", "1993", ",", "he", "served", "in", "several", "post", "s", "in", "the", "CO", "FC", "O", "Corporation", ",", "including", "dep", "uty", "general", "manager", ",", "general", "manager", ",", "and", "vice", "president", ".", "In", "May", "2016", ",", "he", "moved", "up", "the", "ran", "ks", "to", "become", "chairman", "and", "party", "branch", "se", "cretary", "fellow", "ing", "the", "retire", "ment", "of", ".", "References", "1967", "births", "Living", "people", "People", "from", "X", "inj", "i", "China", "Agr", "icult", "ural", "University", "alumni", "People", "'", "s", "Republic", "of", "China", "politicians", "from", "He", "be", "i", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", "politicians", "from", "He", "be", "i", "Al", "tern", "ate", "members", "of", "the", "19th", "Central", "Committee", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party", "Al", "tern", "ate", "members", "of", "the", "20th", "Central", "Committee", "of", "the", "Chinese", "Commun", "ist", "Party" ]	[ 48, 219, 27172, 29723, 25049, 27377, 13, 24593, 69, 26640, 28518, 24596, 26900, 16, 27208, 27880, 24594, 29369, 24596, 26460, 28942, 24620, 27265, 24595, 24585, 26850, 26157, 51, 29034, 18, 24736, 24625, 69, 25833, 25077, 24595, 24585, 27012, 25155, 27337, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 24596, 24593, 69, 25833, 25077, 24595, 24585, 26025, 25155, 27337, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 18, 24736, 24625, 24583, 28246, 24688, 25537, 24595, 24585, 27012, 26484, 27255, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 24596, 24593, 24583, 28246, 24688, 25537, 24595, 24585, 26025, 26484, 27255, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 18, 28198, 48, 219, 24625, 25049, 24581, 24950, 24649, 89, 25239, 12, 25426, 60, 26793, 77, 24758, 24736, 24636, 77, 16, 24581, 27377, 16, 24596, 28599, 24672, 26373, 29717, 27240, 25274, 25015, 18, 25133, 75, 26976, 24581, 26437, 16, 24607, 25612, 24581, 25548, 25890, 87, 24581, 24585, 26850, 26157, 51, 29034, 16, 25260, 25418, 28450, 26139, 27750, 16, 26139, 27750, 16, 24596, 26192, 26270, 18, 24657, 25176, 25600, 16, 24607, 25804, 24772, 24585, 24771, 24737, 24601, 26326, 29369, 24596, 26460, 28942, 24620, 27265, 28607, 24599, 24585, 29594, 24718, 24595, 18, 24838, 27377, 25393, 25766, 24941, 25687, 24672, 60, 26793, 77, 26373, 29717, 27240, 25274, 25015, 26527, 25687, 11, 87, 26681, 24595, 26373, 27901, 24672, 24736, 24636, 77, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 27901, 24672, 24736, 24636, 77, 24788, 24760, 24688, 25622, 24595, 24585, 27012, 26484, 27255, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970, 24788, 24760, 24688, 25622, 24595, 24585, 26025, 26484, 27255, 24595, 24585, 26640, 26363, 24641, 25970 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
21670247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaj%C4%85czkowo-Wybudowanie	Zajączkowo-Wybudowanie	Zajączkowo-Wybudowanie is a settlement, part of a village Zajączkowo in the administrative district of Gmina Tczew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Tczew and south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Villages in Tczew County	[ "Z", "aj", "ą", "c", "z", "k", "ow", "o", "-", "W", "y", "bud", "ow", "an", "ie", "is", "a", "settlement", ",", "part", "of", "a", "village", "Z", "aj", "ą", "c", "z", "k", "ow", "o", "in", "the", "administrative", "district", "of", "G", "min", "a", "T", "c", "z", "ew", ",", "within", "T", "c", "z", "ew", "County", ",", "P", "omer", "an", "ian", "Vo", "iv", "odes", "hip", ",", "in", "northern", "Poland", ".", "It", "lies", "approximately", "north", "-", "east", "of", "T", "c", "z", "ew", "and", "south", "of", "the", "regional", "capital", "G", "da", "ń", "sk", ".", "For", "det", "ails", "of", "the", "history", "of", "the", "region", ",", "see", "History", "of", "P", "omer", "an", "ia", ".", "References", "Vill", "ages", "in", "T", "c", "z", "ew", "County" ]	[ 62, 25075, 228, 71, 94, 79, 24639, 83, 17, 59, 93, 29660, 24639, 24583, 24716, 24593, 69, 29177, 16, 24791, 24595, 69, 25879, 62, 25075, 228, 71, 94, 79, 24639, 83, 24581, 24585, 28790, 25906, 24595, 43, 24931, 69, 56, 71, 94, 24774, 16, 25880, 56, 71, 94, 24774, 25239, 16, 52, 28216, 24583, 24669, 28051, 24622, 26496, 25830, 16, 24581, 27619, 27813, 18, 24805, 28825, 27788, 25855, 17, 26376, 24595, 56, 71, 94, 24774, 24596, 25900, 24595, 24585, 28390, 27447, 43, 26963, 291, 25252, 18, 25056, 26364, 28060, 24595, 24585, 25838, 24595, 24585, 26436, 16, 26068, 25592, 24595, 52, 28216, 24583, 24677, 18, 24838, 26988, 25434, 24581, 56, 71, 94, 24774, 25239 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
58029403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakr-un-Nissa%20Begum	Shakr-un-Nissa Begum	Shakr-un-Nissa Begum, also Shakr al-Nisa Begum (died 1 January 1653) was a Mughal princess, the daughter of Emperor Akbar. Early life Shakr-un-Nissa Begum was born at Fatehpur Sikri, to Akbar and Bibi Daulat Shad. She had a younger full sister named Aram Banu Begum. Shakr-un-Nissa was brought up in Akbar's care and turned out to be very well, good-natured, and innately compassionate towards all people. Jahangir had a constant love for her. Marriage In 1594, Akbar arranged her marriage with Shahrukh Mirza. He was the son of Ibrahim Mirza, the son of Sulaiman Mirza of Badakshan and Haram Begum. His mother was Muhtarima Khanum, the daughter of Shah Muhammad Sultan Jagatai (grandson of Mahmud Khan) and Khadija Sultan Khanum (daughter of Ahmad Alaq). The marriage took place on 2 September 1594 in the quarters of Empress Hamida Banu Begum. Shahrukh Mirza was also married to Shakr-un-Nissa's cousin, Kabuli Begum, the daughter of her uncle Mirza Muhammad Hakim. Shakr-un-Nissa became a widow, after Shahrukh Mirza's death in 1607. He died leaving four sons, Hasan Mirza and Husayn Mirza, who were twins, Sultan Mirza, and Badi-uz-Zaman Mirza, and three daughters. After the death of Akbar in the year 1605, she exercised her influence over her brother Jahangir and aided her stepmothers Mariam-uz-Zamani and Salima Sultan Begum to secure a pardon for the Khusrau Mirza, the eldest son of Jahangir. Death Shakr-un-Nissa Begum died on 1 January 1653. She had started from Akbarabad towards Shahjahanabad. She was buried in her father's mausoleum, located at Sikandra. 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21993949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%20State%20Route%20158	Maine State Route 158	State Route 158 (SR 158) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located entirely within the town of Sherman in Aroostook County. It is a short connector route running between SR 11 and U.S. Route 2 (US 2). The route is also known as Main Street and Woodbridge Corner Road. Route description SR 158 begins at an intersection with SR 11 in Sherman, just west of Interstate 95 (I-95). The highway interchanges with I-95 at exit 264 and continues east. From there, the route heads through the town as Main Street until an intersection with Golden Ridge Road within the community of Sherman Mills. From this intersection, SR 158 continues Woodbridge Corner Road to its eastern terminus at US 2. History SR 158, as designated in 1925, was a much longer route than it is today, stretching from its current eastern (then southern) terminus in Sherman all the way to Fort Kent. In the early 1930s, SR 11 was given its modern routing to Fort Kent, absorbing nearly all of SR 158 and leaving the short connector route in Sherman which exists today. 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20955966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoharie%20Creek%20Bridge%20collapse	Schoharie Creek Bridge collapse	The Schoharie Creek Bridge was a New York State Thruway (I-90) bridge over the Schoharie Creek near Fort Hunter and the Mohawk River in New York State. On April 5, 1987, it collapsed due to bridge scour at the foundations after a record rainfall. The collapse killed ten people. The replacement bridge was completed and fully open to traffic on May 21, 1988. The failure of the Schoharie Creek Bridge motivated improvement in bridge design and inspection procedures within New York and beyond. Bridge design and construction The final design for the bridge was approved in January 1952 by the New York State Department of Transportation (previously the New York State Department of Public Works). The design described a crossing consisting of five simply supported spans with nominal lengths of , , , , and . The bridge was supported with pier frames along with abutments at each end. The pier frames were constructed of two slightly tapered columns with tie beams. The columns were fixed in place within a lightly reinforced plinth positioned on a shallow, reinforced spread footing. The spread footing was to be protected with a dry layer of riprap. The superstructure consisted of two longitudinal main girders with transverse floor beams. The skeleton of the bridge deck ( thick) was made up of steel stringers. Construction began on February 11, 1953, by B. Perini and Sons, Inc. Service The bridge was partially opened during the summer of 1954 before construction was completed. The Schoharie Creek Bridge (NY 1020940, New York State bridge identification number), began full service beginning in October 1954. In the spring and summer of 1955, the pier plinths began to show vertical cracks ranging from , as a result of high tensile stresses in the concrete plinth. Almost a year later, on October 16, 1955, the bridge was damaged by a flood. In 1957, plinth reinforcement was added to each of the four piers. Collapse On the morning of April 5, 1987, during a high spring flood, the Schoharie Creek Bridge collapsed. A snowmelt combined with rainfall totaling produced an estimated 50-year flood on the creek. Pier three was the first to collapse, which caused the progressive collapse of spans three and four. Ninety minutes later pier two and span two collapsed. Two hours later pier one and span one shifted. A National Transportation Safety Board investigation suggested that pier two collapsed because the wreckage of pier three and the two spans may have partially blocked the river, redirecting and increasing the velocity of the flow of water to pier two. Six days later, upstream, a large section of the Mill Point Bridge collapsed. The bridge had been closed since the flood as a precaution, since inspection showed that its foundations had also been eroded. Casualties At the time of the collapse, one car and one tractor-semitrailer were on the bridge. Before the road could be blocked off, three more cars drove into the gap. During the following three weeks, nine bodies were recovered from the river. The body of the 10th victim was recovered from the Mohawk River in July 1989. Failure analysis Eyewitnesses observed that the third pier from the west abutment (pier three) failed first. Photos taken the day of the event show that the nose of pier three had fallen relative to its tail, which seemed to remain in position. The single concrete column at the nose of pier three lost support, causing that column to buckle and the two spans supported by pier three to fall into the swollen creek. A short while later, eyewitnesses watched as the second pier from the west abutment failed. An on-site news team recorded this event on video tape. The video showed a sudden and catastrophic drop at the tail-end of the second pier. This caused the span immediately west of pier two to also fall into the creek. Because of the high profile of this catastrophe and loss of life, the National Transportation Safety Board started investigations in the immediate aftermath of the failure. The New York State Thruway Authority hired a consortium made up of staff from Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers to lead the investigation on their behalf. Divers began removing steel from the river bed after the water levels receded. Construction of a cofferdam around portions of the site allowed de-watering. Investigations showed significant local erosion of the stream bed that occurred before the failure and likely additional scour due to the obstructive nature of the bridge decks that fell into the creek after the failure. The nose of pier three laid in a large asymmetrical horseshoe-shaped scour hole. The observed failure of the downstream (tail) end of pier two added confusion to the causative analysis. To study the causes of the failure, the investigating engineering team commissioned a physical model study at the hydraulics laboratory at Colorado State University. A physical hydraulic model of the regional flow field constructed at a non-distorted scale of 1:50 using clear water and sand bed allowed observation of the failure progression. The Schoharie Creek makes an approximate 120-degree bend to the left looking downstream towards the bridge site. Measurements of the flow field approaching the bridge model showed that the maximum velocity coincided with the location of pier three, the pier with significant submergence closest to the outside of the bend. The model study clearly showed that once the flat face of the pier three spread footing was exposed to the flow, it generated a large horseshoe vortex that accentuated local scour around the pier nose. Secondary flow naturally occurs when a river flows around a bend. Higher velocity flow, which has higher momentum, resists the curvature of the river bend and moves towards the outside bank. Since this flow exists near the water surface, it causes flow near the bed to move towards the inside of the bend. As a result, the flow near the bed of the river channel at the bridge opening had an angle relative to the alignment of pier 3. This led to a component of velocity near the stream bed moving from pier 3 towards pier 2. A second physical hydraulic model constructed at a scale of 1:15 with the appropriate angle of attack relative to the axis of pier 3 allowed detailed phenomenological study of the scour process. The investigations concluded that the bridge collapsed due to extensive scour under pier three. Results from the physical hydraulic model studies showed that once the flat nose of the spread footing became exposed to the flow, an intense horseshoe vortex exhumed bed material from the nose of that pier. Once the scour depth at the nose of the pier exceeded the depth of the spread footing, undermining began. Because of the angle of attack created by the secondary flow, scour preferentially affected the right-hand portion of the pier as eroded bed material swept downstream. With each successive increment of undermining, which progressed from the nose of the pier towards the tail, the upper portion of the plinth experienced increasing tension. Evidence from post-event analysis of the dewatered site suggested that undermining of the pier three spread footing was extensive, well in excess of 50 percent of its length, when the plinth suddenly failed. This allowed the nose of pier three to drop into the scour hole. The simple-span bridge design had no ability to resist the resulting lateral load on the unsupported column, leading to sudden, catastrophic and progressive collapse of both spans supported by pier 3. The original design of the bridge specified abandonment in place of steel sheet piling installed during construction to stabilize the construction site at piers 2 and 3. This would have protected those piers from scour, but was not done. The foundation of the pier was bearing on erodible soil, consisting of layers of gravel, sand and silt, inter-bedded with folded and tilted till. This allowed high velocity flood waters to penetrate the bearing stratum. The area left around the footing was not filled with riprap stone, but instead was back-filled with erodible soil and topped off with dry riprap. Riprap protection, inspection, and maintenance were determined to have been inadequate. The investigations showed that the scouring process under the piers began shortly after the bridge was built. At the time of the collapse, the upstream end of pier 3 fell into a scour hole approximately deep. Investigators estimated that about of the pier was undermined. Another factor that contributed to the failure was the weight of the riprap used in the construction. The design specification called for riprap with 50 percent of the stones heavier than , and the remainder between . Investigators found that heavier riprap weights of should have been specified. Other considerations as to the cause of the collapse included design of the superstructure, quality of materials and construction, and inspection and maintenance. Investigations found that these factors did not contribute to the collapse. Twelve hours before the Schoharie Creek Bridge collapsed due to heavy rainfall, the rush of water through the Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage Power Project upstream hit a historic high. To cope with the overload, the dam released water into the Schoharie Creek according to the rate at which it was entering the reservoir from upstream, adding to the load in the creek. See also List of bridge disasters Bridge scour References Further reading Boorstin, Robert O. (1987). "Bridge Collapses on the Thruway, Trapping Vehicles," The New York Times, April 6, 1987; Volume CXXXVI, No. 47,101. Huber, Frank. (1991). “Update: Bridge Scour.” Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 61, No. 9, pp 62–63, September 1991. Levy, Matthys and Salvadori, Mario (1992). Why Buildings Fall Down. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). (1988). “Collapse of New York Thruway (I-90) Bridge over the Schoharie Creek, near Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987.” Highway Accident Report: NTSB/HAR-88/02, Washington, D.C. Springer Netherlands. "The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: a case study in concrete fracture mechanics", International Journal of Fracture, Volume 51, Number September 1, 1991. Palmer, R., and Turkiyyah, G. (1999). “CAESAR: An Expert System for Evaluation of Scour and Stream Stability.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 426, Washington D. C. Shepherd, Robin and Frost, J. David (1995). Failures in Civil Engineering: Structural, Foundation and Geoenvironmental Case Studies. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, New York. Thornton, C. H., Tomasetti, R. L., and Joseph, L. M. (1988). “Lessons From Schoharie Creek,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 58, No.5, pp. 46–49, May 1988. Thornton-Tomasetti, P. C. (1987) “Overview Report Investigation of the New York State Thruway Schoharie Creek Bridge Collapse.” Prepared for: New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission, December 1987. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers (1987) “Collapse of Thruway Bridge at Schoharie Creek,” Final Report, Prepared for: New York State Thruway Authority, November 1987. Johnson, Diane M. The Schoharie.BookBaby, 2017. A novel. Swenson DV, Ingraffea AR. The Collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: A Case Study in Concrete Fracture Mechanics. Int. J. Fracture, 51, 73-92, 1991. External links NTSB report synopsis Senate report Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers report synopsis Bridge disasters in the United States Bridge disasters caused by construction error Bridge disasters caused by engineering error Montgomery County, New York Disasters in New York (state) Transportation disasters in New York (state) 1987 in New York (state) 1987 disasters in the United States Bridge disasters caused by scour damage Construction accidents in the United States Building and structure collapses in 1987	[ "The", "S", "cho", "har", "ie", "Creek", "Bridge", "was", "a", "New", "York", "State", "Th", "ru", "way", "(", "I", "-", "90", ")", "bridge", "over", "the", "S", "cho", "har", "ie", "Creek", "near", "Fort", "Hun", "ter", "and", "the", "Mo", "h", "aw", "k", "River", "in", "New", "York", "State", ".", "On", "April", "5", ",", "1987", ",", "it", "coll", "aps", "ed", "due", "to", "bridge", "sc", "our", "at", "the", "found", "ations", "after", "a", "record", "rain", "fall", 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63439766	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20French%20Guy	The French Guy	The French Guy () is a 2004 Russian comedy film directed by Vera Storozheva. Plot The film tells about the relationship of the French baron Paul de Russo and the modest translator Anna from a quiet provincial town. Cast Mikhail Efremov as Karpienko Ekaterina Filippova Mariya Golubkina as Anya Thierry Monfray Dmitriy Orlov Sergei Popov as Anya's Father Irina Rakhmanova as Passenger Nina Ruslanova as Anya's Mother Garik Sukachyov Zoya Tolbuzina Natalya Smirnova References External links 2004 films 2000s Russian-language films Russian comedy films 2004 comedy films	[ "The", "French", "Gu", "y", "()", "is", "a", "2004", "Russian", "comedy", "film", "directed", "by", "V", "era", "St", "or", "o", "z", "he", "va", ".", "Pl", "ot", "The", "film", "tell", "s", "about", "the", "relationship", "of", "the", "French", "bar", "on", "Paul", "de", "R", "us", "so", "and", "the", "mod", "est", "transl", "ator", "An", "na", "from", "a", "qu", "iet", "prov", "incial", "town", ".", "Cast", "M", "ik", "h", "ail", "E", "fre", "mov", "as", "Kar", "p", "ien", "ko", "E", "k", "ater", "ina", "F", "il", "ipp", "ova", "Mar", "i", "ya", "G", "ol", "ub", "k", "ina", "as", "An", "ya", "Th", "ier", "ry", "Mon", "fr", "ay", "D", "mit", "ri", "y", "Or", "lov", "Ser", "ge", "i", "Pop", "ov", "as", "An", "ya", "'", "s", "F", "ather", "Ir", "ina", "R", "akh", "man", "ova", "as", "Pass", "enger", "N", "ina", "R", "us", "lan", "ova", "as", "An", "ya", "'", "s", "M", "other", "Gar", "ik", "Su", "k", "ach", "y", "ov", "Z", "oy", "a", "T", "ol", "b", "uz", "ina", "N", "atal", "ya", "Sm", "ir", "nov", "a", "References", "External", "links", "2004", "films", "200", "0s", "Russian", "-", "language", "films", "Russian", "comedy", "films", "2004", "comedy", "films" ]	[ 24627, 25596, 25409, 93, 26399, 24593, 69, 25783, 26341, 28065, 24932, 26511, 24647, 58, 26268, 24709, 24586, 83, 94, 24607, 27444, 18, 25123, 24643, 24627, 24932, 27668, 87, 25150, 24585, 28286, 24595, 24585, 25596, 26403, 24584, 26108, 24650, 54, 24640, 25165, 24596, 24585, 25357, 24655, 27301, 25517, 24800, 25901, 24672, 69, 24715, 25433, 25086, 29556, 25305, 18, 26502, 49, 25054, 76, 24916, 41, 28728, 25103, 24594, 26440, 84, 25827, 27587, 41, 79, 24836, 25110, 42, 24608, 26210, 28900, 24829, 77, 26351, 43, 24612, 24733, 79, 25110, 24594, 24800, 26351, 24824, 25092, 25064, 25732, 24653, 24632, 40, 26286, 25356, 93, 25156, 28707, 25321, 24721, 77, 26695, 24658, 24594, 24800, 26351, 11, 87, 42, 25376, 26287, 25110, 54, 29077, 24710, 28900, 24594, 29074, 28508, 50, 25110, 54, 24640, 29019, 28900, 24594, 24800, 26351, 11, 87, 49, 24858, 27399, 25054, 25689, 79, 24769, 93, 24658, 62, 24969, 69, 56, 24612, 70, 27598, 25110, 50, 27293, 26351, 25995, 24624, 25972, 69, 24838, 25065, 25051, 25783, 25477, 24706, 25219, 26341, 17, 25996, 25477, 26341, 28065, 25477, 25783, 28065, 25477 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
29851999	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20J%C5%8Dnen	Mount Jōnen	is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of . It is situated in Japan's Hida Mountains in Nagano Prefecture and in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. The shape of the mountain looks like the triangle. It can be seen from Azumi Basin. Outline This mountain is formed with Granite. Before 1959 nine kinds of butterfly on high mountains can be seen around the mountain. Colias erate and others can be seen now. The shape of the remaining snow of this mountain had decided the time when it farmed. The shape was called . History Summer 1894: Englishman Walter Weston became the first man to climb on the top. Summer 1906: Usui Kojima became the first Japanese man to climb on the top. July 27, 1919: Mountain hut of was opened. 1922: Kyūya Fukada stayed at the Jōnen Hut, and climbed this mountain. June 1931: The double accident of the climbing mountain party and the rescue team occurred. December 4, 1934: This area was specified to the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. 1993: Postage stamp of Jōnen Kasa with Matsumoto Castle was put on the market by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Japan). May 28, 2007: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen in the series programs of excellent mountain in Japan. September 10, 2010: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen and the high mountain butterfly. Mountaineering Main ascent routes There are three climbing routes to the top of the mountain. Ichino River route Hie-Daira - - Munatuki-hachō - Jōnen Hut(Jōnen-Nokkoshi) - Mount Jōnen route Mitsumata(三股) - Hon river - Mount Mae-Jōnen - Mount Jōnen Traverses Route of Jōnen Mountains (from north and south) There are several stating points to climb.(Kamikōchi, Tokusawa, Yokoo, Mitsumata, from Mount Otensuo, and others) Mountain hut Thera are several Mountain hut around Mount Jōnen. There is the Campsite on each hut. Jōnen Hut (常念小屋) - On the pass of between Mount Jōnen and Mount Yokotooshi. It is one of the oldest hut in Japan. Mount Chō Hut (蝶ヶ岳ヒュッテ) - Near the top of Mount Chō. Yokoo Mountain Cottage (横尾山荘) - In Yokoo most in the north of Kamikochi. Daiten Cottage (大天荘) - Near the top of Mount Otensyo. Geography Nearby Mountains It is on the sub ridge line of Jōnen Mountains in the southeast part of the Hida Mountains. There is a small peak of Mount Mae-Jōnen in the southeast by east. Source river Each source river joins the main stream of Shinano River, then flows to the Sea of Japan. Ichinomata Valley (Tributary of Azusa River) Jōnen River, Ichino River and Nino river (tributary of Sai (Nagano) River) Gallery See also Chūbu-Sangaku National Park Hida Mountains List of mountains in Japan 100 Famous Japanese Mountains References External links Hida Mountains Mount Jonen Mountains of Nagano Prefecture Mount Jonen	[ "is", "one", "of", "the", "100", "Fam", "ous", "Japanese", "Mountain", "s", ",", "reach", "ing", "the", "he", "ight", "of", ".", "It", "is", "sit", "uated", "in", "Japan", "'", "s", "H", "ida", "Mountain", "s", "in", "N", "ag", "ano", "Pre", "fect", "ure", "and", "in", "Ch", "ū", "bu", "-", "S", "ang", "ak", "u", "National", "Park", ".", "The", "sh", "ape", "of", "the", "mountain", "lo", "oks", "like", "the", "tr", "iang", "le", ".", "It", "can", "be", "seen", "from", "Az", "um", "i", "Bas", "in", ".", "Out", "line", "This", "mountain", "is", "formed", "with", "G", "ran", "ite", ".", "Before", "1959", "nine", "kind", "s", "of", "but", "ter", "fly", "on", 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69565748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Nielsen	Frank Nielsen	Frank Nielsen may refer to: Frank Nielsen (Australian footballer) Frank Nielsen (Danish footballer)	[ "Frank", "N", "iel", "sen", "may", "refer", "to", ":", "Frank", "N", "iel", "sen", "(", "Australian", "footballer", ")", "Frank", "N", "iel", "sen", "(", "Danish", "footballer", ")" ]	[ 26741, 50, 25025, 25948, 25345, 26105, 24601, 30, 26741, 50, 25025, 25948, 12, 26007, 27507, 13, 26741, 50, 25025, 25948, 12, 29678, 27507, 13 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
9679906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning%20Again	Morning Again	Morning Again is an American metalcore band from Florida. They were known for their metallic sound as well as for their straight edge, vegan, anti-religious and anti-government ideals. The band was a "sister band" to Culture, often switching members after one had left the other. Several members went on to play in other bands such as As Friends Rust and Dead Blue Sky. The band was originally from Cooper City, Florida, but moved to Coral Springs in 1998 before breaking up later that year. After playing several reunion shows over the years, the band released a new EP in 2018. History John Wylie who had left Culture earlier that year wanted a band with more intense and personal views. In December 1995, Morning Again was formed with Damien Moyal and Louie Long who had both been in Culture in the two prior years, on vocals and drums. Michael Wolz came in on second guitar, and Eric Ervin on bass. The band recorded the EP The Cleanest War, which was sent to Conquer the World Records as it had released Born of You and the members were familiar with it. The label agreed to put it out, and the band made some promo tapes to help promote the upcoming release. Soon after the mini-album came out, Intention Records, who had also worked with Culture on their split with Roosevelt, asked John to release a 7-inch of new material. After landing a deal with the then-new label Good Life Recordings (as the first American band on the label) in Belgium (H8000 area), a compilation of all the released material was compiled for the European market. Tensions between Moyal and Wylie once again surfaced, as they had in Culture. During one of the last shows with Moyal, Morning Again played with Ohio band Outcast. Byers and Wylie were getting along well and he was asked to replace Moyal. Within a week Byers had moved to Cooper City and was the new vocalist. During this time Ervin was also replaced, first by Christopher "Floyd" Beckham, then by Peter Bartsocas (who was in Bird of Ill Omen, a band that had toured with MA early that year, and was on Wylie's record label). Immediately they started working on new songs, which would be released on a split with Shoulder on Moo Cow Records. Wolz and Bartsocas left almost immediately after, and after some short-lived members, Jerry Villarroel became the bassist. They released another 7-inch, as a four piece, on Immigrant Sun Records, My Statement of Life in a Dying World. Joseph Simmons would come in as second guitarist after sophomore Good Life release, Martyr, was recorded. Matt Thomas came in to replace Long and the band gained attention of Revelation Records who quickly signed them. As Tradition Dies Slowly was released on Revelation in 1998. They released their final record for Good Life, a split with 25 Ta Life, and went back to Europe to tour. The group ultimately decided on breaking up by the end of the tour in the fall of 1998, partially as a result of Wylie's growing interest in pursuing Eulogy Recordings. Their final release was To Die a Bitter Death on Immigrant Sun. In 2000, Wylie's own label released a compilation of both Immigrant Sun Records 7-inches as The Fallen... The Few That Remain. Reunions The band has since done multiple reunion shows. The first was in 1999, where they played under the name Cleanest War, which featured Damien Moyal back on vocals as well as Wylie and Ervin from the original line-up. The second was under the name Hand of Hope in 2002, where they had merchandise made specially for the show in Orlando, Florida. In 2003, a compilation of Hand of Hope and Martyr, Hand of the Martyr, was released by Eulogy Recordings. The line up for that show was Moyal on vocals, Wylie on guitar, Ervin on bass and Wes Keely on drums. On April 22, 2011, they performed at the Groezrock festival in Belgium, with Kevin Byers on vocals. For this show they also had unique merchandise made. In 2014 they played at the Belgian hardcore festival Ieperfest in the H8000 area. Moyal was on vocals during this show with Ervin on bass and Josh Williams on drums. Later that year with Kevin Byers on vocals, they played in Japan for the Bloodaxe festival as well as a few shows in Tokyo and Nagoya. In 2015 they played This is Hardcore in Philadelphia, PA In July 2018, it was announced that the group rejoined once again and were recording new material (to be issued as an extended play through Revelation). The Survival Instinct EP was released on November 9, 2018. The band has announced a week-long European tour for 2022. In 2022, the band is releasing a new EP, Borrowed Time, on Revelation Records. Members Current lineup John Wylie – guitar (1995–1998, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2010–2012, 2015—present) Eric Ervin – bass guitar (1995–1996, 1999, 2002, 2014, 2019—present) Kevin Byers – lead vocals (1996–1999, 1999–2000, 2005, 2010—present) Stephen Looker – guitar, backing vocals (1996, 1998, 2010—present) Joshua Williams – drums (2014—present) Former members and touring musicians Louie Long – drums (1995–1997) César Morales – lead vocals (1995) Damien Moyal – vocals (1995–1996, 1999, 2002, 2014) Michael Wolz – guitar (1995–1996) Christopher "Floyd" Beckham – bass guitar (1996) Peter Bartsocas – bass guitar (1996), guitar (1996, 2014) Eric McCarthy – bass guitar (1996) Joseph Simmons – bass guitar (1996), guitar (1997–1998, 1999) Chad Gilbert – bass guitar (1996) Gerardo Villaroel – bass guitar (1996–1998, 2010–2011, 2015–2018) Ryan Stafford – guitar (1997) Matthew Thomas – drums (1997–1998, 1999–2000, 2005, 2010–2011) Chris Common – bass guitar (1999–2000) Aaron Hiser – guitar (1999–2000) Nathan Stambro – guitar (1999–2000) Jason Dooley – drums (1999) Wes Keely – drums (2002) Justin Gianoutsos – drums (2012) Richard Walbert – bass guitar (2012), guitar (2014) Timeline Note that the Studio album and EP bars represent the release dates, not the recording dates; membership often changed between the two events. Discography Studio albums As Tradition Dies Slowly CD/LP (Revelation, 1998) EPs and singles Morning Again demo tape (self-released, 1996) The Cleanest War 12-inch/CD (Conquer the World/Stick to the Core, 1996) Morning Again 7-inch (Intention Records, 1996) Morning Again / Shoulder split 7-inch (Moo Cow Records, 1996) My Statement of Life in a Dying World 7-inch (Immigrant Sun Records, 1997) Martyr 12-inch/CD (Good Life, 1997) Morning Again / 25 ta Life split 7-inch/CD (Good Life, 1998) To Die a Bitter Death 7-inch (Immigrant Sun, 1998) Survival Instinct CD (Revelation, 2018) Borrowed Time (Revelation, 2022) Compilation albums Hand of Hope (Good Life, 1997) The Fallen... The Few That Remain (Eulogy, 2000) Hand of the Martyr (Alveran/Eulogy, 2002) I (Demons Run Amok Entertainment, 2015) II (Demons Run Amok Entertainment, 2015) Compilation appearances "Martyr" - Appeared on You, Who Are Innocent, What Have You Done Worthy of Death? (1997) "Stones" - Appeared on West Coast Hardcore vs. East Coast Hardcore (1998) "To Die a Bitter Death" - Appeared on Sweet Deal! (2000) "Turning Over" - Appeared on Transcend (2002) "Turning Over" - Appeared on The Anti-Pop Sampler (2003) References External links 1995 establishments in Florida American musical quintets Conquer the World Records artists Demons Run Amok Entertainment artists Eulogy Recordings artists Good Life Recordings artists Intention Records artists Metalcore musical groups from Florida Metalcore musical groups from Ohio Morning Again Musical groups disestablished in 1998 Musical groups disestablished in 2000 Musical groups established in 1995 Musical groups from Coral Springs, Florida Musical groups from Dayton, Ohio Musical groups reestablished in 1999 Musical groups reestablished in 2010 Revelation Records artists Stick to the Core artists Straight edge groups	[ "M", "orning", "Ag", "ain", "is", "an", "American", "metal", "core", "band", "from", "Florida", ".", "They", "were", "known", "for", "their", "met", "all", "ic", "sound", "as", "well", "as", "for", "their", "stra", "ight", "edge", 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51753911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaki%20Sakamoto	Masaki Sakamoto	is a Japanese football player for Kagoshima United FC. Career Masaki Sakamoto joined J2 League club Cerezo Osaka in 2015. In September 2019, Sakamoto joined Maruyasu Okazaki on loan from Kagoshima United. On 15 January 2020 the club announced, that Sakamoto had joined the club permanently. Club statistics Updated to 23 February 2018. References External links Profile at Kagoshima United FC Profile at Cerezo Osaka 1996 births Living people Association football people from Hyōgo Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J2 League players J3 League players Japan Football League players Cerezo Osaka players Cerezo Osaka U-23 players J.League U-22 Selection players Kagoshima United FC players FC Maruyasu Okazaki players Men's association football midfielders People from Akashi, Hyōgo	[ "is", "a", "Japanese", "football", "player", "for", "K", "ag", "os", "him", "a", "United", "FC", ".", "Career", "Mas", "aki", "S", "ak", "am", "oto", "joined", "J", "2", "League", "club", "C", "ere", "zo", "Os", "aka", "in", "2015", ".", "In", "September", "2019", ",", "S", "ak", "am", "oto", "joined", "Mar", "u", "y", "as", "u", "Ok", "az", "aki", "on", "loan", "from", "K", "ag", "os", "him", "a", "United", ".", "On", "15", "January", "2020", "the", "club", "announced", ",", "that", "S", "ak", "am", "oto", "had", "joined", "the", "club", "perman", "ently", ".", "Club", "statistics", "Up", "dated", "to", "23", "February", "2018", ".", "References", "External", "links", "Prof", "ile", "at", "K", "ag", "os", "him", "a", "United", "FC", "Prof", "ile", "at", "C", "ere", "zo", "Os", "aka", "1996", "births", "Living", "people", "Association", "football", "people", "from", "Hy", "ō", "go", "Pre", "fect", "ure", "Japanese", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "J", "2", "League", "players", "J", "3", "League", "players", "Japan", "Football", "League", "players", "C", "ere", "zo", "Os", "aka", "players", "C", "ere", "zo", "Os", "aka", "U", "-", "23", "players", "J", ".", "League", "U", "-", "22", "Se", "lection", "players", "K", "ag", "os", "him", "a", "United", "FC", "players", "FC", "Mar", "u", "y", "as", "u", "Ok", "az", "aki", "players", "Men", "'", "s", "association", "football", "mid", "field", "ers", "People", "from", "Ak", "ash", "i", ",", "Hy", "ō", "go" ]	[ 24593, 69, 26288, 25128, 25811, 24618, 47, 24638, 24674, 25047, 69, 24994, 26157, 18, 27033, 27820, 29152, 55, 24700, 24611, 25882, 26203, 46, 22, 25375, 25559, 39, 24671, 28309, 27764, 27591, 24581, 25611, 18, 24657, 25322, 25655, 16, 55, 24700, 24611, 25882, 26203, 24829, 89, 93, 24594, 89, 28181, 25022, 29152, 24584, 29411, 24672, 47, 24638, 24674, 25047, 69, 24994, 18, 24964, 25018, 25352, 25642, 24585, 25559, 26091, 16, 24682, 55, 24700, 24611, 25882, 24798, 26203, 24585, 25559, 29339, 25576, 18, 26188, 29910, 26728, 29703, 24601, 25217, 25500, 25625, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 26585, 24890, 24590, 47, 24638, 24674, 25047, 69, 24994, 26157, 26585, 24890, 24590, 39, 24671, 28309, 27764, 27591, 26234, 25393, 25766, 24941, 26196, 25128, 24941, 24672, 27315, 300, 25192, 27058, 25613, 24794, 26288, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 46, 22, 25375, 25053, 46, 23, 25375, 25053, 25514, 26178, 25375, 25053, 39, 24671, 28309, 27764, 27591, 25053, 39, 24671, 28309, 27764, 27591, 57, 17, 25217, 25053, 46, 18, 25375, 57, 17, 25127, 24779, 26155, 25053, 47, 24638, 24674, 25047, 69, 24994, 26157, 25053, 26157, 24829, 89, 93, 24594, 89, 28181, 25022, 29152, 25053, 26385, 11, 87, 27304, 25128, 25884, 25401, 24629, 25687, 24672, 28109, 25124, 77, 16, 27315, 300, 25192 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
13629395	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajibade%20Babalade	Ajibade Babalade	Ajibade Kunde Babalade (29 March 1972 – 4 September 2020) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a defender and was Team Chef of Shooting Stars FC. Babalade died on 4 September 2020, aged 48. Club career He played for FC Seoul of the South Korean K-League, then known as Anyang LG Cheetahs. Coaching career On 17 October 2008 he was named as manager of the Shooting Stars F.C. References External links 1972 births 2020 deaths Nigerian men's footballers Nigeria men's international footballers Nigerian football managers Nigerian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football defenders Austrian Football Bundesliga players FC Seoul players SK Sturm Graz players Shooting Stars S.C. players Africa Sports d'Abidjan players Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea Expatriate men's footballers in Austria Expatriate men's footballers in Ivory Coast Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Ivory Coast Heartland F.C. players Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea Yoruba sportspeople Shooting Stars S.C. managers	[ "A", "j", "ib", "ade", "K", "un", "de", "B", "ab", "al", "ade", "(", "29", "March", "1972", "–", "4", "September", "2020", ")", "was", "a", "Niger", "ian", "footballer", "who", "played", "as", "a", "def", "ender", "and", "was", "Team", "Che", "f", "of", "Sh", "oot", "ing", "St", "ars", "FC", ".", "B", "ab", "al", "ade", "died", "on", "4", "September", "2020", ",", "aged", "48", ".", "Club", "career", "He", "played", "for", "FC", "Se", "oul", "of", "the", "South", "Korean", "K", "-", "League", ",", "then", "known", "as", "An", "y", "ang", "L", "G", "Che", "et", "ah", "s", ".", "Co", "ach", "ing", "career", "On", "17", "October", "2008", "he", "was", "named", "as", "manager", "of", "the", "Sh", "oot", "ing", "St", "ars", "F", ".", "C", ".", "References", "External", "links", "1972", "births", "2020", "deaths", "Niger", "ian", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "Niger", "ia", "men", "'", "s", "international", "footballers", "Niger", "ian", "football", "managers", "Niger", "ian", "expatriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "Men", "'", "s", "association", "football", "defend", "ers", "Austr", "ian", "Football", "B", "un", "des", "l", "iga", "players", "FC", "Se", "oul", "players", "S", "K", "St", "ur", "m", "Gra", "z", "players", "Sh", "oot", "ing", "St", "ars", "S", ".", "C", ".", "players", "Africa", "Sports", "d", "'", "Ab", "id", "jan", "players", "Ex", "patriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "in", "South", "Korea", "Ex", "patriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "in", "Austria", "Ex", "patriate", "men", "'", "s", "footballers", "in", "I", "v", "ory", "Coast", "Niger", "ian", "expatriate", "sportspeople", "in", "I", "v", "ory", "Coast", "He", "art", "land", "F", ".", "C", ".", "players", "Niger", "ian", "expatriate", "sportspeople", "in", "South", "Korea", "Y", "or", "ub", "a", "sportspeople", "Sh", "oot", "ing", "St", "ars", "S", ".", "C", ".", "managers" ]	[ 37, 78, 24751, 24899, 47, 24631, 24650, 38, 24662, 24591, 24899, 12, 25633, 25317, 27071, 4992, 24, 25322, 25642, 13, 24625, 69, 29038, 24669, 27507, 24831, 25350, 24594, 69, 25808, 26815, 24596, 24625, 27003, 26892, 74, 24595, 24950, 24922, 24599, 24709, 25289, 26157, 18, 38, 24662, 24591, 24899, 25727, 24584, 24, 25322, 25642, 16, 26231, 27401, 18, 26188, 25513, 24736, 25350, 24618, 26157, 24779, 26786, 24595, 24585, 25236, 28331, 47, 17, 25375, 16, 25115, 25137, 24594, 24800, 93, 24822, 48, 43, 26892, 24645, 24966, 87, 18, 25287, 24769, 24599, 25513, 24964, 24940, 25336, 25505, 24607, 24625, 25533, 24594, 27750, 24595, 24585, 24950, 24922, 24599, 24709, 25289, 42, 18, 39, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 27071, 25393, 25642, 25989, 29038, 24669, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 29038, 24677, 25203, 11, 87, 26101, 26450, 29038, 24669, 25128, 29999, 29038, 24669, 28262, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 26385, 11, 87, 27304, 25128, 29726, 24629, 25200, 24669, 26178, 38, 24631, 24893, 80, 27601, 25053, 26157, 24779, 26786, 25053, 55, 47, 24709, 24615, 81, 29173, 94, 25053, 24950, 24922, 24599, 24709, 25289, 55, 18, 39, 18, 25053, 26665, 26760, 72, 11, 25762, 24630, 29324, 25053, 24889, 27127, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 24581, 25236, 28446, 24889, 27127, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 24581, 29579, 24889, 27127, 25203, 11, 87, 26450, 24581, 45, 90, 24817, 28135, 29038, 24669, 28262, 29744, 24581, 45, 90, 24817, 28135, 24736, 24673, 24775, 42, 18, 39, 18, 25053, 29038, 24669, 28262, 29744, 24581, 25236, 28446, 61, 24586, 24733, 69, 29744, 24950, 24922, 24599, 24709, 25289, 55, 18, 39, 18, 29999 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
45690067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caan%20%28Dutch%20family%29	Caan (Dutch family)	Caan (als: Caan van Neck and De la Bassecour Caan) was the name of a Dutch patrician family. History The oldest known family member Heynderick Thielemans (Caen), a baker in Delfshaven who died in 1644. Bibliography Nederland's Patriciaat 16 (1926), p. 37-45. Dutch patrician families	[ "Ca", "an", "(", "als", ":", "Ca", "an", "van", "Ne", "ck", "and", "De", "la", "Bas", "se", "cour", "Ca", "an", ")", "was", "the", "name", "of", "a", "Dutch", "pat", "ric", "ian", "family", ".", "History", "The", "old", "est", "known", "family", "member", "He", "yn", "der", "ick", "Th", "ie", "le", "man", "s", "(", "Ca", "en", "),", "a", "b", "aker", "in", "D", "elf", "sh", "aven", "who", "died", "in", "16", "44", ".", "Bibliography", "N", "eder", "land", "'", "s", "Pat", "ric", "ia", "at", "16", "(", "1926", "),", "p", ".", "37", "-", "45", ".", "Dutch", "pat", "ric", "ian", "families" ]	[ 27875, 24583, 12, 24702, 30, 27875, 24583, 25659, 25486, 25188, 24596, 24821, 25403, 27609, 24620, 25524, 27875, 24583, 13, 24625, 24585, 25364, 24595, 69, 27442, 25553, 25429, 24669, 25334, 18, 25592, 24627, 24867, 24655, 25137, 25334, 25537, 24736, 25828, 24795, 24958, 24824, 24716, 24604, 24710, 87, 12, 27875, 24587, 24758, 69, 70, 26704, 24581, 40, 25389, 24690, 28195, 24831, 25727, 24581, 25009, 27173, 18, 29100, 50, 26223, 24775, 11, 87, 26292, 25429, 24677, 24590, 25009, 12, 29116, 24758, 84, 18, 26780, 17, 26691, 18, 27442, 25553, 25429, 24669, 27280 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
23651861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGlone%2C%20West%20Virginia	McGlone, West Virginia	McGlone is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. McGlone is southeast of Union. References Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia	[ "Mc", "Gl", "one", "is", "an", "un", "incorporated", "community", "in", "Mon", "ro", "e", "County", ",", "West", "Virginia", ",", "United", "States", ".", "Mc", "Gl", "one", "is", "sou", "theast", "of", "Union", ".", "References", "Un", "incorporated", "communities", "in", "Mon", "ro", "e", "County", ",", "West", "Virginia", "Un", "incorporated", "communities", "in", "West", "Virginia" ]	[ 25629, 25899, 24748, 24593, 24583, 24631, 28463, 26248, 24581, 25732, 24619, 73, 25239, 16, 25526, 27025, 16, 24994, 25131, 18, 25629, 25899, 24748, 24593, 29494, 27604, 24595, 26275, 18, 24838, 24739, 28463, 28358, 24581, 25732, 24619, 73, 25239, 16, 25526, 27025, 24739, 28463, 28358, 24581, 25526, 27025 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
44122204	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Taplin	George Taplin	George Taplin (24 August 1831 – 24 June 1879) was a Congregationalist minister who worked in Aboriginal missions in South Australia, and gained a reputation as an anthropologist, writing on Ngarrindjeri lore and customs. History Taplin was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, and educated at a private school in Andover, Hampshire, where he lived with his maternal grandmother. He was trained for the legal profession but had ambitions to serve as a missionary. He left for Australia in 1849, and arrived at Adelaide in the Anna Maria on 12 October 1849. He worked for a time as a lawyer's clerk, and made the acquaintance of Rev. T. Q. Stow, with whom he boarded while studying for the ministry. While living there he married Stow's servant girl Martha Burnell, who also felt destined for missionary work. In October 1853 they left to help at a mission school in Currency Creek then in February 1854 opened a school at Port Elliot. The school was taken over by the Education Department, but he stayed on as a teacher until 1859, when the Aborigines' Friends' Association appointed him to teach at Point McLeay Aboriginal Mission, now Raukkan, on the shores of Lake Alexandrina, in Narrinyeri (or Ngarrindjeri) country. The mission prospered and did much good work, despite opposition from local landholder John Baker. Taplin had a keen interest in Ngarrindjeri culture, learned their language, and published Biblical writings in the local dialect. He also wrote on Ngarrindjeri lore and culture, which have great anthropological value. He believed that the best chance for the people to advance was to gain acceptance in European society, and that literacy, adoption of Christian values, and learning trades were essential steps in that process. In 1868 Taplin was ordained by the Congregational Church and the following year a chapel was completed. He died at Point McLeay (now known by the Aboriginal name Raukkan) in 1879 and was buried in the village graveyard. His position as head of the Mission was taken by his son Frederick William Taplin. His wife, who had endeared herself to the community, died in 1901. Bibliography Taplin, George, The Narrinyeri J. T. Shawyer, Adelaide, 1874 Second, enlarged edition (E. S. Wigg & Son, Adelaide 1878) Woods, J. D. (editor) Native Tribes of South Australia Taplin, George (editor), The Folklore, Manners, Customs, and Languages of the South Australian Aborigines (1879) This work had just been completed when Taplin died. Family Taplin married Martha Burnell (died 1901) on 28 February 1853. They had six children. Sources References English Congregationalist missionaries 1831 births 1879 deaths Congregationalist missionaries in Australia English emigrants to colonial Australia Australian anthropologists	[ "George", "T", "ap", "lin", "(", "24", "August", "18", "31", "–", "24", "June", "187", "9", ")", "was", "a", "C", "ong", "reg", "ational", "ist", "minister", "who", "worked", "in", "Ab", "original", "miss", "ions", "in", "South", "Australia", ",", "and", "gained", "a", "re", "put", "ation", "as", "an", "anth", "ro", "pol", "og", "ist", ",", "writing", "on", "N", "g", "arr", "ind", "j", "er", "i", "l", "ore", "and", "custom", "s", ".", "History", "T", "ap", "lin", "was", "born", "in", "King", "ston", "upon", "Th", "ames", ",", "Sur", "rey", ",", "and", "educated", "at", "a", "private", "school", "in", "And", "over", ",", "Hamp", "shire", ",", "where", "he", "lived", "with", "his", "mater", "n", "al", "grand", "mother", ".", "He", "was", "train", "ed", "for", "the", "legal", "profess", "ion", 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24402456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Searcy	Robert Searcy	Robert J. Searcy (1921 – September 17, 2009) was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, a group of African American military personnel who served with distinction during World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group of the US Army Air Corps. After the war, Searcy lived in Los Angeles, California. He died of colorectal cancer in September 2009 at age 88. Tuskegee Airmen Searcy was born in Mount Pleasant, Texas, and attended Prairie View A&M University before enlisting in the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1942 following the United States' entry into World War II. Searcy received basic training at Ft. Hood, Texas, and was assigned to lead a group of airmen to Tuskegee, Alabama. He later recalled receiving his first taste of segregation when his men were denied access to the Pullman car's dining and sleeping quarters on the train to Tuskegee. Searcy demanded passage, and the porters, most of whom were African-American, eventually agreed to allow them to pass. Searcy recalled, "I was put in charge of those men. I felt I had to represent what the Constitution was for those men. That's what leadership is." Searcy served with the Tuskegee Airmen in Italy, France, the Balkans, the Rhineland, and elsewhere in Europe between 1942 and 1945. He received commendations for supporting combat missions over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, and was honorably discharged in 1945. Post-war years Searcy later recalled that he tried for years "to forget serving as a Tuskegee Airman" and thought of his service in the segregated U.S. military "as two years, 10 months and 27 days lost." He had enlisted hoping to become a pilot, but he was assigned to work in a support position as a clerk in military intelligence. He had hoped to become a doctor before the war, but did not complete college after the war. After the war, Searcy worked for United Airlines cleaning aircraft in the 1950s. He also worked at a U.S. Post office in downtown Los Angeles and sold women's clothing. He also opened several clothing stores in Los Angeles, California. Searcy married, but had no children. His wife died in an automobile accident in 1990. Searcy was a resident of Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, in his later years. Attendance at Barack Obama's inauguration Despite being a Republican, Searcy supported the candidacy of Barack Obama, encouraging others at his Van Nuys retirement home to vote for Obama. Obama invited all of the living Tuskegee Airmen to his inauguration, and a Mississippi ophthalmologist, Dr. Lynn McMahan, flew Searcy and three other Tuskegee Airmen to Washington, D.C., in his private jet. In agreeing to fly the men, McMahan said, "The Tuskegee Airmen are to pilots like Michael Jordan is to basketball, and Tiger Woods is to golf." In video footage from the Chicago Tribune, Searcy says of Obama's inauguration, "When I leave this earth, I leave it with a smile on my face." Death Searcy died of colorectal cancer in September 2009 at age 88 while visiting his granddaughter in Atlanta, Georgia. See also Dogfights (TV series) Executive Order 9981 Freeman Field Mutiny List of Tuskegee Airmen Military history of African Americans The Tuskegee Airmen (movie) References Bibliography 1921 births 2009 deaths Deaths from colorectal cancer Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state) Tuskegee Airmen United States Army Air Forces officers African-American aviators 21st-century African-American people	[ "Robert", "J", ".", "S", "ear", "cy", "(", "1921", "–", "September", "17", ",", "2009", ")", "was", "a", "member", "of", "the", "T", "us", "ke", "ge", "e", "Air", "men", ",", "a", "group", "of", "African", "American", "military", "personnel", "who", "served", "with", "distin", "ction", "during", "World", "War", "II", "as", "the", "33", "2nd", "F", "ighter", "Group", "of", "the", "US", "Army", "Air", "Corps", ".", "After", "the", "war", ",", "S", "ear", "cy", "lived", "in", "Los", "Angeles", ",", "California", ".", "He", "died", "of", "col", "ore", "ct", "al", "cancer", "in", "September", 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28796682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamsica%20floricolans	Tamsica floricolans	Tamsica floricolans is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu, Molokai and Lanai. Adults have been reared from whitish larvae among the roots of sugarcane. The larvae spin a frail cocoon in the soil. External links Diptychophorini Endemic moths of Hawaii	[ "Tam", "s", "ica", "fl", "or", "ic", "ol", "ans", "is", "a", "m", "oth", "of", "the", "family", "Cr", "amb", "idae", ".", "It", "is", "end", "emic", "to", "the", "Haw", "ai", "ian", "is", "lands", "of", "O", "ah", "u", ",", "M", "ol", "ok", "ai", "and", "L", "an", "ai", ".", "Ad", "ults", "have", "been", "re", "ared", "from", "wh", "it", "ish", "lar", "v", "ae", "among", "the", "ro", "ots", "of", "su", "gar", "can", "e", ".", "The", "lar", "v", "ae", "sp", "in", "a", "fr", "ail", "c", "oc", "oon", "in", "the", "so", "il", ".", "External", "links", "D", "ip", "ty", "ch", "oph", "or", "ini", "En", "dem", "ic", "mo", "ths", "of", "Haw", "ai", "i" ]	[ 28118, 87, 25177, 24949, 24586, 24597, 24612, 24841, 24593, 69, 81, 25584, 24595, 24585, 25334, 25709, 25875, 26724, 18, 24805, 24593, 24725, 28283, 24601, 24585, 27575, 25257, 24669, 24593, 25873, 24595, 51, 24966, 89, 16, 49, 24612, 24834, 25257, 24596, 48, 24583, 25257, 18, 25266, 26214, 24920, 24948, 24600, 26264, 24672, 24646, 24598, 24679, 25791, 90, 25299, 26134, 24585, 24619, 26392, 24595, 24701, 26151, 24995, 73, 18, 24627, 25791, 90, 25299, 24878, 24581, 69, 24653, 24916, 71, 24670, 27095, 24581, 24585, 25165, 24608, 18, 25065, 25051, 40, 24696, 24819, 24610, 26391, 24586, 26897, 24879, 25826, 24597, 28225, 25136, 24595, 27575, 25257, 77 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
10180322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasendorf	Kasendorf	Kasendorf is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. Municipal division Kasendorf is arranged in the following boroughs: References Kulmbach (district)	[ "K", "as", "end", "or", "f", "is", "a", "municipality", "in", "the", "district", "of", "K", "ul", "m", "b", "ach", "in", "B", "av", "aria", "in", "Germany", ".", "Municip", "al", "division", "K", "as", "end", "or", "f", "is", "arran", "ged", "in", "the", "following", "borough", "s", ":", "References", "K", "ul", "m", "b", "ach", "(", "district", ")" ]	[ 47, 24594, 24725, 24586, 74, 24593, 69, 28016, 24581, 24585, 25906, 24595, 47, 24649, 81, 70, 24769, 24581, 38, 24668, 29425, 24581, 26269, 18, 28526, 24591, 27218, 47, 24594, 24725, 24586, 74, 24593, 28009, 26162, 24581, 24585, 25528, 29264, 87, 30, 24838, 47, 24649, 81, 70, 24769, 12, 25906, 13 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
3745021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyk%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic	Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic	The Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; , ) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR that existed at two periods of time. Its administrative center was Elista. The Kalmyk ASSR was first established when the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (established 4 November 1920) had its status increased on 22 October 1935. On 27 December 1943 in conjunction with the deportation of over 93,000 Kalmyks to various locations in Central Asia and Siberia, the Kalmyk ASSR was abolished and its territory was split between adjacent Astrakhan, Rostov and Stalingrad Oblasts and Stavropol Krai. Soviet authorities renamed the former republic's towns and villages. The Kalmyk ASSR was re-established when the newly formed Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (re-established following the rehabilitation of the Kalmyks in January 1957) had its status increased on 29 July 1958. On 18 October 1990, the declaration of the sovereignty and transformation of Kalmykia into a Soviet Socialist Republic by the Kalmyk Supreme Soviet was accepted by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR on 24 May 1991. It existed until 31 March 1992, when its status was changed to a republic within the Russian Federation. A minor planet, 2287 Kalmykia, discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, is named after the Kalmyk ASSR. The Russian revolution and the formation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast Astrakhan was the first settlement within Kalmykia to fall to Soviet power on Jan 25, 1918 during the Russian Civil War. The "First Kalmyk Congress of Soviets was held" in Astrakhan from July 1st to 3rd, 1918. In 1919, control of Kalmykia reverted to the White army, after which Lenin issued a proclamation “to the Kalmyk people to fight against the White guards”. Control reverted to the Bolsheviks in 1920. The creation of Kalmykia as an autonomous oblast emerged from the First All-Kalmyk Congress of Soviets from July 2 to 9, 1920 in Chilgir. Kalmykia officially became an Autonomous Oblast on November 4th, 1920 "by a decree of the All Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars." What entailed was a resettlement of Kalmyks to the newly formed autonomous oblast with the goal of the native population being incorporated "in a single administrative unit" from 1922 to 1925. Formation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic "On May 6, 1927, the Council of People's Commissars decreed the transfer of the administrative center of Kalmykia from Astrakhan to Elista. In October 1935 the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was transformed into an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). In 1937 the Supreme Soviet of the Kalmyk ASSR adopted a constitution for the republic that reflected the victory of socialist relations. The Kalmyk people were consolidated into a socialist nation." Kalmyk language, literacy and education Resulting from the First All-Kalmyk Congress of Soviets, the Congress discussed the creation and organization of primary and secondary education within the newly-formed Autonomous Oblast (Reznik, 64). From 1924 to 1939, the Kalmyk writing system incurred various changes (Reznik, 64). School textbooks were to be initially published in Kalmyk, but were instead published in Russian in the haste to combat the high rate of illiteracy in 1923 (Reznik, 64). The Zaya Pandita alphabet was adapted to create a Russian transcription, which was then disregarded in favour of Cyrillic in 1924 (Reznik, 64-65). Despite this, according to the 1926 All-Union census, the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast had a total literacy rate of only 17.3% (Reznik, 67). Ultimately, the process of eliminating literacy was to be conducted through Russian as opposed to native Kalmyk (Reznik, 66). In the 1930s, the alphabet underwent Latinization from Cyrillic as part of the attempt to unify all alphabets within the Soviet Union (Reznik, 68). Although this correlated with the increased amount of published Kalmyk language works and a literacy rate of 70.8% among Kalmyk population aged over nine. This is to be seen as a part of larger "campaign in 1931 that became the main driving behind the growth of literacy numbers in Kalmykia," in which the driving force was the actual number, and aggressiveness of educators attempting to spread literacy, rather than the campaign itself. (Reznik, 70). In conjunction with the 1943 deportations of Kalmyks, Reznik suggests that the alterations to the Kalmyk alphabet "broke the intergenerational continuity of language transmission (70)." There were ultimately few native Kalmyk speakers to teach Kalmyk (70). 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12834665	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio%20Augusto%20Carvalho%20Monteiro	António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro	António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro (1848 – 1920), also known as Monteiro dos Milhões (Monteiro the Millionaire), was a Brazilian-Portuguese businessman, collector, bibliophile, entomologist and Freemason. His largesse created the Quinta da Regaleira. Early life and education António was born to Portuguese parents in Rio de Janeiro. His father, Francisco Monteiro, originally from Lagos da Beira, immigrated at the age of 13 to escape the priesthood his father had destined for him. He initially worked in an English coal import company. Francisco later married Teresa de Carvalho, the daughter of a wealthy merchant who had left Lisbon with the Portuguese court. In 1873, he married Perpétua Augusta Pereira de Melo, with whom he had two children. António inherited a huge family fortune, which he enlarged in Brazil by selling coffee and precious stones, which soon made it possible for him to leave for Portugal. António was fluent in Latin, Greek, French and German. In 1871, he received a degree in Law from the University of Coimbra. He also received prizes in agriculture and mineralogy. He was a member of many scientific societies, including the Royal Spanish Society of Natural History, the German Entomological Society, and the Entomological Societies of France, London and Belgium (1889 ). Interests Carvalho Monteiro was an accomplished naturalist. He had large collections of butterflies, shells, and orchids. He had the second largest lepidopteran collection in the world, only surpassed by that of Baron Walter de Rothschild. In addition, he was involved with his father in the foundation of the Lisbon Zoo and served as executive director and honorary president in 1917. Carvalho Monteiro was a well-known bibliophile, with a superb collection of the works of the 16th-century poet Camões. He also gathered more than 600 works on entomology. Carvalho Monteiro was represented in the press of his time as both an altruist and an eccentric, exemplified by his famous Leroy 01, claimed to be the most complicated clock in the world. Tomb Carvalho Monteiro had the same architect who built the Palácio da Regaleira, Luigi Manini, build his tomb in the Prazeres Cemetery. The door of the tomb, also encrusted with symbolism, was opened with the same key that opened the Palácio da Regaleira and his palace in Lisbon, on the Rua do Alecrim. As visitors enter the cemetery grove, they encounter the tomb on the left, with the orientation, size, and shape of a Masonic temple, oriented towards the east. It is covered in various symbols. The door knocker is engraved with a bee carrying a skull. The bee, which is diligent and hard-working, represents the Mason in his organized work. The gradeamento which can be seen in the back of the tomb, is festooned with the symbolic wine and bread, the spirit and the body. There are also decorative owls, symbolizing wisdom, as well as poppies, the symbol of eternal sleep. See also Quinta da Regaleira References External links António Augusto de Carvalho Monteiro : um naturalista pioneiro 1848 births 1920 deaths People from Rio de Janeiro (city) Brazilian people of Portuguese descent 19th-century Portuguese lawyers Brazilian entomologists University of Coimbra alumni Portuguese bibliophiles	[ "Ant", "ón", "io", "Aug", "us", "to", "Car", "val", "ho", "Mon", "te", "iro", "(", "184", "8", "–", "1920", "),", "also", "known", "as", "Mon", "te", "iro", "d", "os", "Mil", "h", "õ", "es", "(", "Mon", "te", "iro", "the", "Mill", "ion", "a", "ire", "),", "was", "a", "Brazilian", "-", "Portuguese", "business", "man", ",", "colle", "ctor", ",", "b", "ib", "li", "oph", "ile", ",", "en", "tom", "ologist", "and", "Fre", "em", "ason", ".", "His", "larg", "es", "se", "created", "the", "Qu", "int", "a", "da", "Reg", "ale", "ira", ".", "Early", "life", "and", "education", "Ant", "ón", "io", "was", "born", "to", "Portuguese", "parents", "in", "R", "io", "de", "Jane", "iro", 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14773016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPH%20receptor%20A5	EPH receptor A5	EPH receptor A5 (ephrin type-A receptor 5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA5 gene. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. References Further reading	[ "EP", "H", "rece", "pt", "or", "A", "5", "(", "e", "ph", "r", "in", "type", "-", "A", "rece", "pt", "or", "5", ")", "is", "a", "prote", "in", "that", "in", "hum", "ans", "is", "enc", "od", "ed", "by", "the", "EP", "H", "A", "5", "gen", "e", ".", "This", "gen", "e", "belong", "s", "to", "the", "e", "ph", "r", "in", "rece", "pt", "or", "sub", "family", "of", "the", "prote", "in", "-", "ty", "ros", "ine", "kin", "ase", "family", ".", "EP", "H", "and", "EP", "H", "-", "related", "rece", "pt", "ors", "have", "been", "im", "plic", "ated", "in", "medi", "ating", "development", "al", "events", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "ner", "v", "ous", "system", ".", "Re", "cept", "ors", "in", "the", "EP", "H", "sub", "family", "typically", "have", "a", "single", "kin", "ase", "dom", "ain", "and", "an", "ex", "tr", "ac", "ell", "ular", "region", "contain", "ing", "a", "C", "ys", "-", "rich", "dom", "ain", "and", "2", "f", "ibr", "one", "ct", "in", "type", "III", "repe", "ats", ".", "The", "e", "ph", "r", "in", "rece", "pt", "ors", "are", "divided", "into", "2", "groups", "based", "on", "the", "similar", "ity", "of", "their", "ex", "tr", "ac", "ell", "ular", "dom", "ain", "sequ", "ences", "and", "their", "af", "fin", "ities", "for", "b", "ind", "ing", "e", "ph", "r", "in", "-", "A", "and", "e", "ph", "r", "in", "-", "B", "l", "ig", "ands", ".", "References", "Further", "reading" ]	[ 27993, 44, 25325, 24864, 24586, 37, 25, 12, 73, 24844, 86, 24581, 26747, 17, 37, 25325, 24864, 24586, 25, 13, 24593, 69, 26265, 24581, 24682, 24581, 25979, 24841, 24593, 26485, 24694, 24588, 24647, 24585, 27993, 44, 37, 25, 24976, 73, 18, 25111, 24976, 73, 28345, 87, 24601, 24585, 73, 24844, 86, 24581, 25325, 24864, 24586, 25097, 25334, 24595, 24585, 26265, 24581, 17, 24819, 25214, 24734, 27645, 24963, 25334, 18, 27993, 44, 24596, 27993, 44, 17, 26974, 25325, 24864, 24903, 24920, 24948, 24634, 26506, 24712, 24581, 27120, 25105, 26266, 24591, 26398, 16, 28288, 24581, 24585, 25651, 90, 24797, 25490, 18, 24693, 25700, 24903, 24581, 24585, 27993, 44, 25097, 25334, 29496, 24920, 69, 25789, 27645, 24963, 25784, 24667, 24596, 24583, 24707, 24664, 24616, 24731, 25119, 26436, 26189, 24599, 69, 39, 25312, 17, 27242, 25784, 24667, 24596, 22, 74, 26312, 24748, 24637, 24581, 26747, 27108, 29003, 25729, 18, 24627, 73, 24844, 86, 24581, 25325, 24864, 24903, 24686, 28887, 25000, 22, 26572, 25413, 24584, 24585, 26473, 24683, 24595, 24862, 24707, 24664, 24616, 24731, 25119, 25784, 24667, 25951, 27217, 24596, 24862, 24744, 24943, 25082, 24618, 70, 24888, 24599, 73, 24844, 86, 24581, 17, 37, 24596, 73, 24844, 86, 24581, 17, 38, 80, 24628, 27564, 18, 24838, 27476, 27437 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
29895670	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%20Lochman%20von%20Wedekind	Luther Lochman von Wedekind	Luther Lochman von Wedekind (1864 – November 24, 1935) was medical director for the United States Navy. He was Commander of the hospital ship Solace. Biography He was born in 1864 and graduated from Columbia University Medical School in 1886. He died of myocarditis on November 24, 1935. References 1864 births 1935 deaths Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni	[ "Lu", "ther", "Lo", "ch", "man", "von", "W", "ed", "ek", "ind", "(", "186", "4", "–", "November", "24", ",", "1935", ")", "was", "medical", "director", "for", "the", "United", "States", "Navy", ".", "He", "was", "Comm", "ander", "of", "the", "hospital", "ship", "Sol", "ace", ".", "Biography", "He", "was", "born", "in", "186", "4", "and", "graduated", "from", "Columbia", "University", "Medical", "School", "in", "188", "6", ".", "He", "died", "of", "my", "oc", "ard", "it", "is", "on", "November", "24", ",", "1935", ".", "References", "186", "4", "births", "1935", "deaths", "Columbia", "University", "V", "ag", "el", "os", "College", "of", "Phys", "ic", "ians", "and", "Sur", "ge", "ons", "alumni" ]	[ 26338, 24703, 27224, 24610, 24710, 27359, 59, 24588, 25589, 24888, 12, 25802, 24, 4992, 25406, 25384, 16, 28606, 13, 24625, 28069, 26319, 24618, 24585, 24994, 25131, 27215, 18, 24736, 24625, 25258, 26027, 24595, 24585, 28527, 24929, 27342, 24852, 18, 28198, 24736, 24625, 25049, 24581, 25802, 24, 24596, 28599, 24672, 27949, 25015, 28999, 25262, 24581, 25668, 26, 18, 24736, 25727, 24595, 25148, 24670, 24695, 24598, 24593, 24584, 25406, 25384, 16, 28606, 18, 24838, 25802, 24, 25393, 28606, 25989, 27949, 25015, 58, 24638, 24613, 24674, 25665, 24595, 29896, 24597, 25297, 24596, 26655, 24721, 25285, 26527 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
28318421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Tax%20Review	Henry Tax Review	The Australia's Future Tax System Review, informally known as the Henry Tax Review was commissioned by the Rudd Government in 2008 and published in 2010. The review was intended to guide tax system reforms over the next 10 to 20 years. Remit The review was commissioned as one of the specific outcomes from the Australia 2020 Summit held in April 2008. The review was a "root and branch" review, restricted only in that it could not consider increasing the rate or broadening the base of the Goods and Services Tax, imposing tax on superannuation payments to retirees over 60 years of age, or already-announced personal income tax changes. Panel The review panel members were: Dr Ken Henry (Chair), Secretary to the Treasury Dr Jeff Harmer, Secretary, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs Professor John Piggott, Professor of Economics and Associate Dean, Research, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales Ms Heather Ridout, Chief Executive, Australian Industry Group Mr Greg Smith, Adjunct Professor, Economic and Social Policy, Australian Catholic University Recommendations The report made 138 recommendations, under nine themes. Concentrating revenue raising on four efficient tax bases: personal income, business income, private consumption, and economic rents from natural resources and land. Other taxes may be retained if they serve a specific policy purpose such as discouraging smoking or traffic congestion. Taxes fitting into none of these categories should eventually be abolished. Configuring taxes and transfers to support productivity, participation and growth. An equitable, transparent and simplified personal income tax: a much higher tax-free threshold (around AUD 25,000), only two tax brackets, and a simplification of superannuation, deductions and offsets. A fair, adequate, and work supportive transfer system. Integrating consumption tax compliance with business systems. Efficient land and resource taxation. Completing retirement income reform and securing aged care. Toward more affordable housing: substantially increase rent assistance, gradually move to a uniform land tax and remove transfer taxes (stamp duty), and gradually move to a neutral treatment of rental and owner-occupied housing. A more open, understandable and responsive tax system. Reception Rudd government Rudd endorsed and implemented only 3 of the 138 recommendations. The major item from the Henry Review implemented by the Rudd Government was the move to create a resources Super Profit Tax. The proposal was highly controversial, and has been suggested as the main reason why Rudd lost power. Following his replacement by Julia Gillard as Prime Minister, the proposed tax was replaced by a Mineral Resource Rent Tax. Most of the remaining recommendations were not implemented. Liberal/National Coalition Greens Commentators Former Liberal Leader John Hewson has been supportive. References External links Australia's Future Tax System Review official homepage. 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23746314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexy%20Bitch	Sexy Bitch	"Sexy Bitch" (also known as "Sexy Chick" in clean versions) is a song by French DJ David Guetta recorded for his fourth studio album One Love (2009). The song features vocals from Senegalese-American recording artist Akon. It was released as the second single from One Love internationally. The song was serviced to mainstream and rhythmic crossover radios on 1 September 2009 in the United States, through Astralwerks, together with Capitol Records. It was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee; the latter three also produced the song. The song was made in one night after the two main artists met at a concert. The lyrics of "Sexy Bitch" deal with the protagonist's infatuation with a woman. "Sexy Bitch" garnered generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who commended the song's production. The song achieved commercial success worldwide, peaking inside the top five in several countries, including topping the charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Malta, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. "Sexy Bitch" peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Guetta's first top five hit in the United States. The song also became his best selling song in the United States, earning a triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), with sales of 3,507,000 copies as of March 2014. The music video for "Sexy Bitch" features Guetta and Akon at a house party and performing in a concert. Background "Sexy Bitch" was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee. The production was helmed by Guetta, Sindres and Vee. Guetta, in an interview for MTV News, said the collaboration with Akon came after they met during a performance of "When Love Takes Over" with Kelly Rowland. Akon approached him, asking if they could work together, and Guetta suggested that they should start immediately, so they rented a studio in London and made the song in one night. "Sexy Bitch" was released as the second single from One Love (2009), after the international success of "When Love Takes Over". It was released worldwide as a digital promotional single, which preceded the release One Love, on 24 July 2009. Astralwerks, together with Capitol Records, solicited the song to mainstream and rhythmic radios on 1 September 2009 in the United States under the name "Sexy Chick". On 7 September 2009, an extended play was serviced to digital retailers, containing an extended version of the song and two remixes by Chuckie, Lil Jon and Koen Groeneveld. That same day, a remixes extended play was released featuring remixes by disc jockeys Afrojack, Abel Ramos, and Groeneveld. On 13 September 2009, an extended play of "Sexy Bitch" was released in the United Kingdom featuring the clean edit and remixes by DJ Footloose, Chuckie, Lil Jon, Abel Ramos, and Groeneveld. Composition "Sexy Bitch" runs for 3 minutes and 14 seconds. It features a driving, 8-bit style beat. According to the digital music sheet published at Musicnotes.com by Faber Music, the song is written in a key of B minor. It is set in common time with a fast tempo of 130 beats per minute. Akon's vocals range from a low note of B3 to a high note of G5. The song has a basic accompaniment pattern consisting of open fifths instead of chords, in a pattern of B5-D5-G5-D5-E5. The lyrics deal with the protagonist's infatuation with a female, demonstrated in lines like "I'm trying to find the words to describe this girl without being disrespectful," and "nothing like the neighbourhood whore". Eric Lyndal Martin of PopMatters commented that the song's lines would serve best in "Take Back the Night" ballads than on electronica songs. Critical reception Michael Menachem of Billboard praised the song, writing "Don't be surprised if this track takes over dancefloors as the summer ends." Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave "Sexy Bitch" a three star rating, expressing some discontent towards the lyrical content but cited the hook and beats as factors that make the song "bearable". In the review of One Love for the same publication, David Balls offered a less optimistic view of the song, calling it "a throwaway affair with a sell-by-date to rival a pint of milk." David Jeffries of AllMusic noted it as one of the album's highlights, writing that "Akon and guilty pleasure lyrics ... make for a perfect match." Eric Lyndal Martin of PopMatters commented, "the final product makes you wonder just how sexy this bitch actually is," and commended the track for its driving beats, writing that they "make this song a lot of fun." Chart performance "Sexy Bitch" was released as the follow-up single to "When Love Takes Over", which was experiencing international success during the time of the single's release. It proved to surpass "When Love Takes Over" in the United States when it debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 56 on the week ending 15 August 2009, becoming Guetta's highest-peaking single on the chart at the time. The song reappeared on the Hot 100 following the single's release to mainstream and rhythmic crossover radio. Within months, the song entered the top 10 tier, where it ascended and descended until 13 February 2010, when it peaked at number five. "Sexy Bitch" exited the Billboard Hot 100 after 40 weeks, and earned a double-platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 11 February 2010 and a triple-platinum certification on 9 July 2012. It has amassed sales of 3,507,000 digital downloads in the United States by March 2014. In Canada, the song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number nine, becoming the week's "highest debut". It fell down the chart up until its fourth week, when it hit number 35. The song got its "second wind" in its fifth week, rising to number 21, and eventually reached the summit of the chart, where it stalled for two weeks. "Sexy Bitch" replicated the chart success of the previous single in international territories. In the Australasian countries, it reached the summit of the singles charts in Australia and New Zealand. However, the song was more successful in Australia, where it logged the top position for seven weeks and lasted on the chart for 38 weeks. The song earned a quintuple-platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 350,000 copies. In New Zealand, "Sexy Bitch" lasted three weeks at number one and 23 weeks on the chart. The song shipped 30,000 copies to the country, earning a double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). "Sexy Bitch" showed similar standings in the European countries, continuing Guetta's mainstream success around the world. The song topped the charts in four countries and reached the top five in nine. In the United Kingdom, it entered the singles chart at number 21 on 21 August 2009. The song rose to number one in the following week becoming Guetta's second and Akon's third UK number one, it lasted 40 weeks on the chart, amassing sales of 740,000 copies in the United Kingdom. "Sexy Bitch" showed the most longevity in Switzerland, where it logged 77 weeks on the singles chart. The song reached a peak of number two, where it stalled for three consecutive weeks in October 2009. It eventually earned a quadruple-platinum certification by International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland), denoting shipments of 80,000 copies. "Sexy Bitch" experienced a successful chart run in Sweden, entering the singles chart at number eight and after more than two months, reached a peak at number two. The song lasted 55 weeks on the chart, 25 of which were spent inside the top 10. In Austria, the song reached the summit of the singles chart, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks. Music video The video was directed by Stephen Schuster. The video starts with a plane coming and girls in bikinis are seen tanning and swimming. The camera switches to Akon who wakes up and finds pictures of his date from David Guetta's pool party. He then finds lipstick note on his mirror that reads "find me at pool party" with yet another photo. As the party starts, people enter; a group of teenage boys are not allowed but they employ various methods to get in. The camera switches to Akon again, who is shown singing underwater. The camera flicks to Guetta arriving meeting up with Akon, who then grabs Guetta and they throw each other in the pool. The party continues as Akon pushes more people in, girls dance and Akon with Guetta are shown to be having a water fight. The scene then skips to a club that is called "Fuck Me, I'm Famous" where David Guetta is performing a concert with Tocadisco, and Akon is walking in from the back, where he meets some girls. Akon then arrives and performs "Sexy Bitch" at the concert. A light up man in blue and green appears. Girls are shown dancing and Akon does a crowd surf before the video ends. At the end, Akon is seen sleeping in the bed waking up finding pictures but goes back to sleep. The video was filmed in Ibiza, Barcelona, Spain, St. Julian's, Malta and Swindon, England around 27 July 2009. An alternate version for a censored version of the song ("Sexy Chick") depicts two girls in Akon's bedroom; one is taking Polaroid photos of the other. They even take photos of themselves in Akon's bed while he sleeps. Akon's bed is covered in photos, and as the girls leave, the one most heavily photographed writes in lipstick on the bathroom mirror, "find me at pool party". She attaches another photo and leaves a lipstick impression of her lips on the mirror before she goes to the pool party. Akon then wakes up. The rest of the video is much like the other version, with a few scenes cut or added at the pool party and the club. For example, the underwater singing scene is omitted. Controversy On 24 March 2010, Buddhist groups in Sri Lanka have stated the music video was considered offensive, due to the fact that the Buddha statue is found in several shots in the background throughout. With protests held along with demanding a concert cancellation, the Sri Lankan Government prohibited Akon from entering Sri Lanka with a visa. In response, Akon said "I was not aware that the statue was even on the set of the video until now. I would never set out to offend or desecrate anyone’s religion or religious beliefs... I myself am a spiritual man, so I can understand why they are offended, but violence is never the answer and I am disheartened." Credits and personnel Songwriting — Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres, Sandy Vee Production — David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres, Sandy Vee Credits adapted from the liner notes of One Love, Virgin Records, EMI France. Track listing UK CD single "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 French CD single "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Chick" (US version) – 3:13 "Sexy Bitch" (video) European CD single "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) – 7:15 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) (David Guetta Vocal Re-Edit) – 7:30 "Sexy Bitch" (Abel Ramos Atlanta With Love Remix) – 7:13 "Sexy Bitch" (Afrojack Remix) – 4:45 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 US CD single "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) – 7:15 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) (David Guetta Vocal Re-Edit) – 7:30 "Sexy Bitch" (Abel Ramos Atlanta With Love Remix) – 7:13 "Sexy Bitch" (Afrojack Remix) – 4:45 "Sexy Bitch" (Footloose Remix) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" (album version) – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" (extended instrumental) – 5:12 "Sexy Chick" (clean album version) – 3:14 "Sexy Chick" (clean album version extended) – 5:12 Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts Certifications Release history See also List of number-one hits of 2009 (Austria) List of number-one singles of 2009 (Australia) List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2009 (Canada) List of European number-one hits of 2009 List of number-one hits of 2009 (France) List of number-one hits of 2009 (Germany) List of 2000s number-one singles (New Zealand) List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000s List of number-one dance singles of 2009 (U.S.) List of number-one dance airplay hits of 2009 (U.S.) List of Ultratop 40 number-one singles of 2009 List of Ultratop 50 number-one singles of 2009 List of number-one dance singles of 2010 (Poland) References 2009 songs 2009 singles David Guetta songs Akon songs Buddhism-related controversies Canadian Hot 100 number-one singles European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles Number-one singles in Australia Number-one singles in Austria Number-one singles in Germany Number-one singles in Israel Number-one singles in New Zealand UK Singles Chart number-one singles Ultratop 50 Singles (Wallonia) number-one singles Ultratop 50 Singles (Flanders) number-one singles Music video controversies Songs written by David Guetta Songs written by Sandy Vee Songs written by Akon Song recordings produced by Sandy Vee Song recordings produced by David Guetta Virgin Records singles EMI Records singles	[ "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "(", "also", "known", "as", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "Ch", "ick", "\"", "in", "cle", "an", "versions", ")", "is", "a", "song", "by", "French", "D", "J", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", "recorded", "for", "his", "fourth", "studio", "album", "One", "Love", "(", "2009", ").", "The", "song", "features", "vocals", "from", "S", "ene", "gal", "ese", "-", "American", "recording", "artist", "Ak", "on", ".", "It", "was", "released", "as", "the", "second", "single", "from", "One", "Love", "international", "ly", ".", "The", "song", "was", "serv", "iced", "to", "main", "stream", "and", "r", "hy", "th", "mic", "cross", "over", "rad", "ios", "on", "1", "September", "2009", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "through", "A", "str", "al", "w", "er", "ks", ",", "together", "with", "Cap", "it", "ol", "Records", ".", "It", "was", "written", "by", "G", "ior", "g", "io", "T", "u", "in", "fort", ",", "Al", "ia", "une", "Th", "iam", ",", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "Jean", "-", "Cl", "au", "de", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Sand", "y", "Ve", "e", ";", "the", "latter", "three", "also", "produced", "the", "song", ".", "The", "song", "was", "made", "in", "one", "night", "after", "the", "two", "main", "artists", "met", "at", "a", "concert", ".", "The", "ly", "rics", "of", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "deal", "with", "the", "pro", "t", "agon", "ist", "'", "s", "inf", "at", "uation", "with", "a", "woman", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "gar", "n", "ered", "generally", "mixed", "to", "positive", "reviews", "from", "music", "critics", ",", "who", "comm", "ended", "the", "song", "'", "s", "production", ".", "The", "song", "ach", "ieved", "commercial", "success", "world", "wide", ",", "pe", "aking", "inside", "the", "top", "five", "in", "several", "countries", ",", "including", "top", "ping", "the", "ch", "arts", "in", "Australia", ",", "Austria", ",", "Canada", ",", "Germany", ",", "Mal", "ta", ",", "New", "Zealand", ",", "and", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "peak", "ed", "at", "number", "five", "on", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "100", "and", "became", "Gu", "et", "ta", "'", "s", "first", "top", "five", "hit", "in", "the", "United", "States", ".", "The", "song", "also", "became", "his", "best", "s", "elling", "song", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "ear", "ning", "a", "tr", "iple", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "by", "the", "Re", "cording", "Industr", "y", "Association", "of", "America", "(", "R", "I", "AA", "),", "with", "sales", "of", "3", ",", "50", "7", ",", "000", "cop", "ies", "as", "of", "March", "2014", ".", "The", "music", "video", "for", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "features", "Gu", "et", "ta", "and", "Ak", "on", "at", "a", "house", "party", "and", "perform", "ing", "in", "a", "concert", ".", "Background", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "written", "by", "G", "ior", "g", "io", "T", "u", "in", "fort", ",", "Al", "ia", "une", "Th", "iam", ",", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "Jean", "-", "Cl", "au", "de", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Sand", "y", "Ve", "e", ".", "The", "production", "was", "hel", "med", "by", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Ve", "e", ".", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "in", "an", "interview", "for", "M", "TV", "News", ",", "said", "the", "collabor", "ation", "with", "Ak", "on", "came", "after", "they", "met", "during", "a", "performance", "of", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\"", "with", "Kel", "ly", "R", "ow", "land", ".", "Ak", "on", "approach", "ed", "him", ",", "ask", "ing", "if", "they", "could", "work", "together", ",", "and", "Gu", "et", "ta", "sugg", "ested", "that", "they", "should", "start", "immediately", ",", "so", "they", "rent", "ed", "a", "studio", "in", "London", "and", "made", "the", "song", "in", "one", "night", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "released", "as", "the", "second", "single", "from", "One", "Love", "(", "2009", "),", "after", "the", "international", "success", "of", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\".", "It", "was", "released", "world", "wide", "as", "a", "digital", "promot", "ional", "single", ",", "which", "pre", "ced", "ed", "the", "release", "One", "Love", ",", "on", "24", "July", "2009", ".", "A", "str", "al", "w", "er", "ks", ",", "together", "with", "Cap", "it", "ol", "Records", ",", "sol", "ic", "ited", "the", "song", "to", "main", "stream", "and", "r", "hy", "th", 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3182355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%20pop%20music	Mexican pop music	Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico, particularly intended for teenagers and young adults. Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language. Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s, when an interest towards this type of music increased after Selena's, Luis Miguel's, Paulina Rubio's, Thalía's and Angélica María's debuts before the mainstream USA audience. In the southwestern United States, Spanish guitar rhythms and Mexican musical influences may have inspired some of the music of American musicians Ritchie Valens, Danny Flores (of The Champs), Sam the Sham, Roy Orbison and later, Herb Alpert. Initially, the public exhibited only moderate interest in them, because the media attention was focused on La Ola Inglesa (British Invasion). Mexican artis of the time were Lucha Reyes, María Luisa Landín, Fernando Fernández, and Luis Pérez Meza in the 1940s. Agustin Lara is recognized as one of the most popular songwriters of his era together with Consuelo Velázquez. In 1954 Andy Russell, relocated to Mexico where he became a star of radio, television, motion pictures, records and nightclubs. During the 1960s and 1970s, most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits. Singers and musical groups like César Costa, Angélica María, Enrique Guzmán, Alberto Vázquez, Manolo Muñoz, Johnny Laboriel, Julissa or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley, Nancy Sinatra, Paul Anka, Joan Baez and others. However, after the substantial success of Mexican-American guitarist Carlos Santana in the United States in the late 1960s, a large number of bands sprang up. Most of these bands sang in both Spanish and English, keeping foreign commercial exposure in mind. 1970s and 1980s On September 13, 1969, Televisa, a Mexican company and the world's largest Spanish-language television network launched the variety show Siempre en Domingo (Always on Sundays) hosted by Raúl Velasco. Siempre en Domingo became one of the most popular TV shows in Latin America with about 420 million television viewers around the world (according to Televisa and their partners). Siempre en Domingo was a TV show where many artists performed and debuted. At the time, an appearance was a hallmark of success and performers considered an appearance on the program as a guarantee of stardom similar to The Ed Sullivan Show in the United States. Velasco encouraged many Mexican singers such as Lucía Méndez, Lucero, Emmanuel, Mijares, Gloria Trevi, Timbiriche, and Lorenzo Antonio, and helped many of these to become full-fledged stars within the county. Moreover, Velasco presented foreign artists such as Julio Iglesias, Raphael, Miguel Bosé, Chayanne and Ricky Martin. Artists that would bring pop music to Latin America, were, in part by Siempre en Domingo, helped in that effort thanks for their appearances in the program. In 1970 Jose Jose jumped to fame when he sang "El Triste" at the Festival de la Canción Latina. He didn't win the prestigious singing contest but his performance was so memorable that fans across Latin America considered him the actual winner. The romantic balada, which gained popularity in the 1970s, continued to dominate the Latin music charts in the 1980s. Veteran balladeers who continued to be popular in this decade include Julio Iglesias, José José, Roberto Carlos, and Juan Gabriel. The Latin balada is characterized by its bolero origin by fusing music from the United States with pop, R&B, and rock. Female balada singers that became topped the Latin music charts includes Ana Gabriel, Daniela Romo, Rocío Dúrcal, Gloria Estefan, and Marisela. Notably, several baladas were Spanish-language covers of songs originally performed in Italian. Notable Spanish-language covers of Italian songs include "Maldita Primavera" by Yuri, "Toda la Vida" by Emmanuel, "Yo No Te Pido la Luna" by Daniela Romo, and "Tan Enamorados" by Ricardo Montaner. The 1980s gave rise to the teenage groups Menudo, Timbiriche, and Los Chicos, as well as emerging teenage stars such as Luis Miguel and Alejandra Ávalos. By 1988, however, the aforementioned Luis Miguel would transform into an adult superstar at age 18 with the hit La Incondicional (1989). Not too far behind was former Los Chicos' member Chayanne as he became a leading pop star by the end of the decade, with his 1987 hit Fiesta en America. As young stars begin to rise in Latin music, veterans such as Julio Iglesias, José José, Juan Gabriel, and José Luis Rodríguez El Puma continue their dominance in Latin music. Tejano Music starts to give little rise after Mazz crosses over to Mexico after their albums Una Noche Juntos and No Te Olvidare win Grammys. Aside from the baladas, several Latin pop artists and bands performed variety of Spanish-language pop and dance music targeted to the younger audience. These include Yuri, Marisela, Mecano, Miguel Bosé, Timbiriche, Menudo, and Flans. "Que Te Pasa" became the longest-running chart of the 1980s, spending 16 weeks on top of the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. Juan Gabriel and Rocío Dúrcal collaborated with Chuck Anderson to incorporate mariachi arrangements on their ballads. Child pop singers such as Luis Miguel, Pedrito Fernández, and Lucerito had a prepubescent following. During the 1980s songwriters like Guillermo Méndez Guiú, Rafael Pérez Botija or Aureo Baqueiro wrote songs for singers like Yuri, Lucía Méndez and musical groups like Timbiriche, Flans and Fandango. These groups headed the radio charts in Mexico and launched international career by promoting their music in Latin America. Other pop music icons in Mexico during the 1980s include José María Napoleón, Magneto, Dulce, Franco de Vita, Juan Luis Guerra, Isabel Pantoja, Ana Torroja and Rocío Dúrcal. Although not all of these singers are from Mexico. The most well-known Mexican singer of the 1970s and 1980s was José José. Known as "El Principe de La Cancion" (The Prince of the Song), he is recognizable for his romantic ballads and gifted vocals. José José has sold over 40 million albums in his career and became a huge influence to very popular singers like: Cristian Castro, Vicente Fernández, Alejandro Fernández, Pepe Aguilar, Manuel Mijares, Lupita D'Alessio, Reyli, and Nelson Ned. When Thalía became part of Timbiriche in the 1980s, tension with Paulina a group member became instantaneous and the rivalry to monopolize the lead role was warming the atmosphere and culminated at a point in which they ended up graving each other's hairs on stage. Thalia and Paulina have frequently garnered comparisons ever since, even after the two directed their solo career. In which the media sets them up, competing for the title of Latin pop queen. Similar to the comparison between Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears in the American market who also both started as group membership at The Mickey Mouse Club. In the 1980s, the regional music scene in both Mexico and the Mexican American community in the United States was dominated by grupera. This style of Mexican music combines cumbia, norteño, and rock music. The lyrics are rooted with romantic themes including heartbroken songs. Several notable grupera ensembles include Los Caminantes, Los Yonic's, Los Bukis, and Los Temerarios. Norteño band Los Tigres del Norte continued their success from the 1970s with their corridos involving social commentary such as "Jaula de oro" ("The Golden Cage") which tells of a Mexican man who crosses the Mexico-United States border illegally and raises a family in the United States who denies their Mexican heritage while the man longs to return to his country. Its parent album reached number one on the Regional Mexican charts in the United States. Similarly, Mexican singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian incorporated sounds of rancheras and ballads on his songs and was dubbed "El Rey del Jaripeo" ("The King of Mexican Rodeo"). Vicente Fernández and Ranchera music still remain relevant in the 1980s. His album, Por Tu Maldito Amor (1989), became the longest running number one Regional Mexican album of the decade in the United States with 21 weeks consecutive weeks at this position. American singer Linda Ronstadt, who is of Mexican descent, released Canciones de Mi Padre, a collection of songs that her father would sing. The album was certified double platinum by the RIAA for shipping over two million copies in the United States. In 1985 Sheena Easton and Luis Miguel wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Performance for "Me Gustas Tal Como Eres". Eugenia León, representing Mexico, wins the with her song "El Fandango Aquí" in 1986 Vikki Carr wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Performance for Simplemente Mujer. 1990s Latin boys band and vocal pop groups were storming up the charts in Mexico and Central America. Mexican boy band Magneto spawned hits in the early 1990s but split in 1996. In 1995, their successors continued making top hits like Bye Bye Baby and Explota Corazón. MDO. Mexican pop groups Onda Vaselina and Kabah spanned several hits in the Latin American charts and made history in the Mexican charts. Jeans, Mexican pop girl group rose to fame in late 1996 and 1997 and continued until the 2000s. Beginning in the 1990s, iconic pop act of the 1980s Timbiriche began to lose popularity mainly to the constant change of bandmembers, while Magneto stood stable in the music scene. Before the teen bubblegum pop explosion in the US during the late 1990s, many pop acts came to light during the mid-1990s in Mexico and became successful. Most of them lasted until the end of the decade. This includes boybands Mercurio, Ragazzi, Tierra Cero and Kairo, female singers Lynda Thomas, Fey, Alessandra Rosaldo, Jeans, Irán Castillo, Edith Márquez, Bibi Gaytan, Maria Jose, Patricia Manterola and boy/girl groups Pandora, Sentidos Opuestos, Onda Vaselina, Kabah, Sentidos Opuestos. Calo and the comeback of Timbiriche in 1998. Minor one-hit wonder acts were successful during this era which were also focused on a teen pop formula. The 1991 4th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards are held at the James L. Knight Center in Miami, Florida. Mexican singer Ana Gabriel and Dominican group Juan Luis Guerra & 4.40 are the most awarded artists with three wins. Luis Miguel releases Romance, a collection of boleros previously recorded by other artists. The album's success led to a resurgence of interest in the bolero genre in the 1990s. In 1992 Vikki Carr an American from El Paso, Texas, born to parents of Mexican ancestry won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for Cosas del Amor an album with the lead single being a duet with Ana Gabriel of the same name. The track earned awards such as a Lo Nuestro Awards for Best Pop Song and the Single of the Year mention by the Radio y Música journal. In 1993 Linda Ronstadt won the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album for her album Frenesí and the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Album for her album Mas Canciones. Selena became the first non-crossover act to have an album (Amor Prohibido; released March 1994) to enter the Billboard 200 since Luis Miguel's Aries (1993). The album was credited with popularizing Tejano music and catapulting the genre into an "unprecedented level of mainstream success"; eventually becoming the best-selling Tejano record of all-time. It holds the record for most weeks in the top ten of the Top Latin Albums chart—at 110 weeks—while the record holds the record for most weeks at number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart at 96 weeks. By the early to mid 1990s, the torch for Mexican music was carried by another Mexican-American singer who had grown up speaking English and learned Spanish as a second language. Texas-born Selena was a Grammy Award winning Tejano singer, who also sang many genres. After bypassing all the Tejano barriers, she quickly earned the title "Queen of Tejano Music." Selena became the first Latin artist to have four number ones in one year in 1994. The four were Donde Quiera Que Estés, Amor Prohibido, Bidi Bidi Bom Bom and No Me Queda Mas. After her success in Spanish and winning a Grammy Award, Selena went to work on her very first English album. The irony was that English was Selena's first language, as she had grown up in Texas and Spanish was actually her second language. Sadly, Selena was murdered in March 1995. Selena only recorded 4 songs for her crossover album and was scheduled to have 13 songs in English for her album. The crossover album titled Dreaming of You was released in the summer of 1995. It quickly became an International Success. Selena's songs Dreaming of You and I Could Fall In Love quickly became crossover hits on American English language Top-40 and Adult Contemporary radio stations, with the single "Dreaming of You" also certified Gold. The album became among the "Top ten best-selling debuts of all time" along with being the "Best-selling debuts for a Latín Female artist." Selena became the first Latin Artist, male or female, to have ever debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 all-genres album chart. This career achievement helped create the Latín boom in the late 1990s. In 1995 Luis Miguel won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance for his album Segundo Romance and Vikki Carr wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Performance for her album Recuerdo a Javier Solís. In 1996 the third annual Billboard Latin Music Awards are also held on May. Selena becomes the most awarded artist of the award ceremony, receiving four award posthumously including Hot Latin Tracks Artist of the Year. Mexican singer Juan Gabriel is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. In the late 1990s, Ricky Martin's success in Europe with the hit María and the international launch of 1998 World Cup's theme song, The Cup of Life, and Enrique iglesias success launched a renewed interest in Latin American music. Mexican pop music started to look attractive to international markets. The most successful Mexican singer of the 1990s was Luis Miguel. Best known for his technically skilled and smooth crooning vocals, Luis Miguel's super-stardom began since the late 1980s. In 1991, his career went to even greater heights and earned him the respect of a wider audience with the release of Romance, an album of romantic boleros. Most of them were from the 1940s and 1950s. Despite singing boleros from years past, Luis Miguel was recognized for reinventing the bolero for modern audiences. The album Romance, which became his most successful album ever, eventually sold 15 million units worldwide. Luis Miguel has successfully performed pop music, bolero, mariachi and romantic ballads. He has won four Latin Grammy Awards, five Grammy Awards, and has sold an estimate of 90 million albums until today. He is known in Latin America and Spain as "El Sol de México" (The Sun of Mexico). Mexican singer José José is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame in 1997 and Mexican singer Vicente Fernández is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music of Fame in 1998. Alejandro Fernández is the biggest winner with five awards at the 10th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards. Thalía often referred to as the "Queen of Latin Pop" Televisa has exported media to many countries. This has allowed Mexican actors to take advantage of their popularity to launch music careers in countries where Televisa telenovelas are popular. Some examples of these actors are Lucía Méndez, Verónica Castro and Guillermo Capetillo. Verónica's son, Cristian Castro, started his career around this time and became popular throughout Latin America. The most successful singer to combine ranchera, mariachi and pop music was Alejandro Fernández. He originally specialized in traditional, earthy forms of Mexican folk and country music. However, his later work was focused on mainstream pop music. Singers such as Pepe Aguilar, Paulina Rubio, Gloria Trevi, and Aracely Arámbula have also produced songs that combine traditional Mexican music with popular music. The Mexican pop singers who were very successful in Mexico and the rest of North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia are Thalía, Gloria Trevi and Paulina Rubio. The idea of creating a pop band after a telenovela was first explored in 1991 with the cast of Muñecos de Papel (With Ricky Martin, Angélica Rivera, and former Timbiriche members Sasha Sokol and Erik Rubin). In 1999, the same formula was explored with the telenovela DKDA with Alessandra Rossaldo (then member of Sentidos Opuestos), Patricio Borghetti and Ernesto D'Alessio. This formula would be explored again in 2004 with the creation of the most successful group in Latinamerica RBD. 2000s and 2010s In 2000, Gloria Trevi, Andrade, and backup singer Maria Raquenel Portillo were arrested in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on charges of corrupting minors. Trevi was cleared of the charges in 2004, due to lack of evidence, after spending four years and eight months in prison. The century saw new groups Sin Bandera, RBD, Belanova, Playa Limbo, and Jotdog as well as new and solo debut singers like Dulce Maria, Anahí, Spanish singer Belinda, Maite Perroni, Julieta Venegas, Ximena Sariñana and Kika Edgar. Performance by Reyli for the song "Amor Del Bueno" Yuridia for the song "Como Yo Nadie Te Ha Amado" the Spanish version of the song "This Ain't a Love Song" also saw great success and Daniela Lujan. Also Pop Music faces competition from other genres such as Banda, Norteño or Pasito duranguense and even from Puerto Rican Reggaeton. The biggest issue is the hard pressure that piracy is giving to Mexican market. In 2000 Amarte Es un Placer by Luis Miguel won the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year. This century also saw the crossover of some of Mexican recording artist like Paulina Rubio and Thalía into the English music industry, with bilingual albums, compilation album, that included hit songs in English and Spanish language. In 2010 Mexican pop group Camila won the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "Mientes" while Mario Domm and Monica Velez won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the song. "¡Corre!" by Jesse & Joy won the Record the Year and Song of the Year at the 13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Thalia collaborated with legendary American singer of traditional pop standards Tony Bennett in a duet for the song The Way You Look Tonight. Viva Duets is the studio album by Tony Bennett, released in October 2012. Thalia's first English-language album Thalia, shares a title with Thalía's 1990 and 2002 Spanish-language albums. "I Want You" was the album's most popular song, peaking at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 in the Mainstream chart. It is her only song to date that has charted within the Billboard Hot 100. In Greece, the song peaked number twenty-six in Top 50 singles sales. The Spanish version of the song, "I Want You" was released for the Spanish-languaged audience and also perform quite well on the Latin Charts, peaking within the top ten of the Hot Latin Tracks at number nine. Vicente Fernandez, Mexico's singer of traditional pop ranchera standards, also dueted with Tony Bennett in the song Return To Me (Regresa a Mí). Foreign pop artists have had success in Mexico. In May 2013, Christina Aguilera appeared on Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández's cover of "Hoy Tengo Ganas de Ti" from his album Confidencias. On September 24, 2015, Mexican singer-songwriter Carla Morrison became the first female soloist in 22 weeks to enter the top 10 of Billboard Latin Digital Songs chart. "Hasta la Raíz" by Natalia Lafourcade wins Song of the Year and Record of the Year at the 16th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. English singer Sophie Ellis-Bextor, 2016 album was inspired by a visit to Mexico, titled Familia (family). The singer posted a video in which she appears singing one of the songs of the disc call "Death of Love" next to a group of mariachi in Puerto Vallarta, México. ¡México Por Siempre! by Mexican singer Luis Miguel wins Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. "Me Niego" by Reik featuring Ozuna and Wisin wins Song of the Year and Collaboration of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2019. "Mi Persona Favorita" by Alejandro Sanz and Camila Cabello wins Record of the Year at the 20th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Los Ángeles Azules featuring Natalia Lafourcade song "Nunca Es Suficiente" was the 10 Most-streamed songs for Latin music in the United States in 2019. 2020s During the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a new version of the song Resistire named Resistiré México was recorded featuring many well-known Mexican singers. It was a song and charity single recorded by the supergroup Artists for Mexico in 2020. It was confirmed that all revenue from "Resistiré México" when to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Many artists reunite at 'Se Agradece' May 30 a virtual music festival organized by Mexican TV network TeleHit, to celebrate those who fight against COVID-19. On April 26, 2020, Sofia Reyes would collaborate with Michael Bublé and the Barenaked Ladies to sing a cover of a song called "Gotta Be Patient" by Stay Homas featuring Judit Nedderman, for the Canadian benefit concert Stronger Together, Tous Ensemble in support of Food Banks Canada, healthcare and front-line workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in memory of the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks. Lupita Infante granddaughter of Pedro Infante, and Mariachi Sol de México de José Hernández gave tribute to Pedro Infante singing "Amorcito Corazón" at the 21st Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Silvana Estrada shared the 2022 Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist with Angela Alvarez at the 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards. See also Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Top 100 Mexico List of best-selling albums in Mexico Regional Mexican Airplay References Works cited Pop music Pop music by country Radio formats Ranchera 01	[ "Mexican", "pop", "is", "a", "music", "gen", "re", "produced", "in", "Mexico", ",", "particularly", "intended", "for", "teen", "ag", "ers", "and", "young", "ad", "ults", ".", "Mexico", "is", "the", "country", "that", "ex", "ports", "the", "most", "enter", "tainment", "in", "Spanish", "language", ".", "Mexican", "pop", "was", "limited", "to", "Latin", "America", "until", "the", "mid", "-", "1990s", ",", "when", "an", "interest", "towards", "this", "type", "of", "music", "increased", "after", "S", "el", "ena", "'", "s", ",", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", "'", "s", ",", "Paul", "ina", "R", "ub", "io", "'", "s", ",", "Th", "al", "ía", "'", "s", "and", "Ang", "é", "lic", "a", "Mar", "ía", "'", "s", "debut", "s", "before", "the", "main", "stream", "USA", "aud", "ience", ".", "In", "the", "south", "western", "United", "States", ",", "Spanish", "guitar", "r", "hy", "th", "ms", "and", "Mexican", "musical", "influ", "ences", "may", "have", "inspired", "some", "of", "the", "music", "of", "American", "musicians", "R", "itch", "ie", "Val", "ens", ",", "D", "ann", "y", "Flor", "es", "(", "of", "The", "Ch", "amp", "s", "),", "Sam", "the", "Sh", "am", ",", "Roy", "Or", "b", "ison", "and", "later", ",", "Her", "b", "Al", "per", "t", ".", "In", "it", "ially", ",", "the", "public", "exhib", "ited", "only", "mod", "er", "ate", "interest", "in", "them", ",", "because", "the", "media", "attention", "was", "foc", "used", "on", "La", "O", "la", "In", "g", "les", "a", "(", "British", "In", "v", "asion", ").", "Mexican", "art", "is", "of", "the", "time", "were", "L", "uch", "a", "Re", "y", "es", ",", "Mar", "ía", "Lu", "is", "a", "Land", "í", "n", ",", "F", "ern", "and", "o", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "and", "Lu", "is", "P", "é", "re", "z", "Me", "za", "in", "the", "194", "0s", ".", "Ag", "ust", "in", "L", "ara", "is", "recognized", "as", "one", "of", "the", "most", "popular", "song", "writers", "of", "his", "era", "together", "with", "Con", "su", "el", "o", "V", "el", "á", "z", "que", "z", ".", "In", "1954", "And", "y", "Russ", "ell", ",", "re", "located", "to", "Mexico", "where", "he", "became", "a", "star", "of", "radio", ",", "television", ",", "mot", "ion", "pict", "ures", ",", "records", "and", "night", "clubs", ".", "During", "the", "1960s", "and", "1970s", ",", "most", "of", "the", "pop", "music", "produced", "in", "Mexico", "consist", "ed", "on", "Spanish", "-", "language", "versions", "of", "English", "-", "language", "rock", "-", "and", "-", "roll", "h", "its", ".", "Sing", "ers", "and", "musical", "groups", "like", "C", "é", "s", "ar", "C", "ost", "a", ",", "Ang", "é", "lic", "a", "Mar", "ía", ",", "En", "ri", "que", "Gu", "z", "m", "án", ",", "Al", "ber", "to", "V", "á", "z", "que", "z", ",", "Man", "ol", "o", "Mu", "ñ", "o", "z", ",", "John", "ny", "Labor", "iel", ",", "Jul", "iss", "a", "or", "Los", "T", "een", "T", "ops", "performed", "cover", "versions", "of", "songs", "by", "El", "vis", "Pres", "ley", ",", "N", "ancy", "S", "in", "at", "ra", ",", "Paul", "An", "ka", ",", "Jo", "an", "B", "ae", "z", "and", "others", ".", "However", ",", "after", "the", "sub", "stant", "ial", "success", "of", "Mexican", "-", "American", "guitar", "ist", "Car", "los", "S", "ant", "ana", "in", "the", "United", "States", "in", "the", "late", "1960s", ",", "a", "large", "number", "of", "band", "s", "s", "pr", "ang", "up", ".", "Most", "of", "these", "band", "s", "s", "ang", "in", "both", "Spanish", "and", "English", ",", "keep", "ing", "foreign", "commercial", "ex", "pos", "ure", "in", "m", "ind", ".", "1970s", "and", "1980s", "On", "September", "13", ",", "1969", ",", "Tele", "vis", "a", ",", "a", "Mexican", "company", "and", "the", "world", "'", "s", "largest", "Spanish", "-", "language", "television", "network", "launched", "the", "variety", "show", "S", "i", "em", "pre", "en", "D", "om", "ing", "o", "(", "Al", "ways", "on", "Sun", "days", ")", "hosted", "by", "Ra", "ú", "l", "V", "el", "as", "co", ".", "S", "i", "em", "pre", "en", "D", "om", "ing", "o", "became", "one", "of", "the", "most", "popular", "TV", "shows", "in", "Latin", "America", "with", "about", "4", "20", "million", "television", "view", "ers", "around", "the", "world", "(", "according", "to", "Tele", "vis", "a", "and", "their", "part", "ners", ").", "S", "i", "em", "pre", "en", "D", "om", "ing", "o", "was", "a", "TV", "show", "where", "many", "artists", "performed", "and", "debut", "ed", ".", "At", "the", "time", ",", "an", "appearance", "was", "a", "hall", "mark", "of", "success", "and", "perform", "ers", "considered", "an", "appearance", "on", "the", "program", "as", "a", "gu", "ar", "an", "tee", "of", "st", "ard", "om", "similar", "to", "The", "Ed", "S", "ull", "iv", "an", "Show", "in", "the", "United", "States", ".", "V", "el", "as", "co", "encour", 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"um", "ped", "to", "f", "ame", "when", "he", "s", "ang", "\"", "El", "Tr", "ist", "e", "\"", "at", "the", "Festival", "de", "la", "Can", "ci", "ón", "Lat", "ina", ".", "He", "did", "n", "'", "t", "win", "the", "pr", "est", "ig", "ious", "sing", "ing", "contest", "but", "his", "performance", "was", "so", "m", "emor", "able", "that", "f", "ans", "across", "Latin", "America", "considered", "him", "the", "act", "ual", "winner", ".", "The", "rom", "antic", "bal", "ada", ",", "which", "gained", "popular", "ity", "in", "the", "1970s", ",", "continued", "to", "domin", "ate", "the", "Latin", "music", "ch", "arts", "in", "the", "1980s", ".", "V", "eter", "an", "ball", "ade", "ers", "who", "continued", "to", "be", "popular", "in", "this", "dec", "ade", "include", "Jul", "io", "I", "g", "les", "ias", ",", "Jos", "é", "Jos", "é", ",", "Rober", "to", "Car", "los", ",", "and", "Ju", "an", "G", "abr", "iel", ".", "The", "Latin", "bal", "ada", "is", "character", "ized", "by", "its", "bol", "ero", "origin", "by", "f", "using", "music", "from", "the", "United", "States", "with", "pop", ",", "R", "&", "B", ",", "and", "rock", ".", "F", "em", "ale", "bal", "ada", "sing", "ers", "that", "became", "top", "ped", "the", "Latin", "music", "ch", "arts", "includes", "An", "a", "G", "abr", "iel", ",", "Daniel", "a", "Rom", "o", ",", "R", "oc", "í", "o", "D", "ú", "r", "cal", ",", "Gl", "or", "ia", "E", "ste", "fan", ",", "and", "Mar", "is", "ela", ".", "Not", "ably", ",", "several", "bal", "ad", "as", "were", "Spanish", "-", "language", "c", "overs", "of", "songs", "originally", "performed", "in", "Italian", ".", "Notable", "Spanish", "-", "language", "c", "overs", "of", "Italian", "songs", "include", "\"", "Mal", "d", "ita", "Prim", "aver", "a", "\"", "by", "Y", "ur", "i", ",", "\"", "Tod", "a", "la", "V", "ida", "\"", "by", "Em", "man", "uel", ",", "\"", "Y", "o", "No", "Te", "P", "id", "o", "la", "L", "una", "\"", "by", "Daniel", "a", "Rom", "o", ",", "and", "\"", "Tan", "En", "am", "or", "ad", "os", "\"", "by", "R", "ic", "ard", "o", "Mont", "an", "er", ".", "The", "1980s", "gave", "r", "ise", "to", "the", "teen", "age", "groups", "Men", "ud", "o", ",", "Tim", "bir", "ic", "he", ",", "and", "Los", "Chic", "os", ",", "as", "well", "as", "emer", "ging", "teen", "age", "stars", "such", "as", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", "and", "Ale", "j", "and", "ra", "Á", "val", "os", ".", "By", "1988", ",", "however", ",", "the", "a", "for", "ement", "ioned", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", "would", "trans", "form", "into", "an", "ad", "ult", "super", "star", "at", "age", "18", "with", "the", "hit", "La", "In", "cond", "ic", "ional", "(", "1989", ").", "Not", "too", "far", "behind", "was", "former", "Los", "Chic", "os", "'", "member", "Ch", "ay", "an", "ne", "as", "he", "became", "a", "leading", "pop", "star", "by", "the", "end", "of", "the", "dec", "ade", ",", "with", "his", "1987", "hit", "F", "i", "est", "a", "en", "America", ".", "As", "young", "stars", "be", "gin", "to", "r", 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"Tim", "bir", "ic", "he", ",", "Men", "ud", "o", ",", "and", "Fl", "ans", ".", "\"", "Que", "Te", "P", "as", "a", "\"", "became", "the", "long", "est", "-", "running", "chart", "of", "the", "1980s", ",", "sp", "ending", "16", "weeks", "on", "top", "of", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "Latin", "Tr", "acks", "chart", ".", "Ju", "an", "G", "abr", "iel", "and", "R", "oc", "í", "o", "D", "ú", "r", "cal", "collabor", "ated", "with", "Ch", "uck", "Anderson", "to", "incorpor", "ate", "mar", "ia", "chi", "arran", "g", "ements", "on", "their", "ball", "ad", "s", ".", "Ch", "ild", "pop", "sing", "ers", "such", "as", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", ",", "P", "ed", "rit", "o", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "and", "Luc", "er", "it", "o", "had", "a", "pre", "pub", "es", "cent", "following", ".", "During", "the", "1980s", "song", "writers", "like", "Gu", "iller", "mo", "M", "é", "n", "de", "z", "Gu", "i", "ú", ",", "R", "af", "ael", "P", "é", "re", "z", "B", "ot", "ij", "a", "or", "A", "ure", "o", "Ba", 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"and", "1980s", "was", "Jos", "é", "Jos", "é", ".", "Kn", "own", "as", "\"", "El", "Princ", "ipe", "de", "La", "Can", "c", "ion", "\"", "(", "The", "Prince", "of", "the", "Song", "),", "he", "is", "recogn", "iz", "able", "for", "his", "rom", "antic", "ball", "ad", "s", "and", "g", "if", "ted", "vocals", ".", "Jos", "é", "Jos", "é", "has", "sold", "over", "40", "million", "albums", "in", "his", "career", "and", "became", "a", "hu", "ge", "influence", "to", "very", "popular", "sing", "ers", "like", ":", "Cr", "ist", "ian", "Cast", "ro", ",", "V", "ic", "ent", "e", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "Ale", "j", "and", "ro", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "Pe", "pe", "Ag", "uil", "ar", ",", "Man", "uel", "M", "ij", "ares", ",", "L", "up", "ita", "D", "'", "Al", "ess", "io", ",", "Re", "y", "li", ",", "and", "N", "el", "son", "N", "ed", ".", "When", "Th", "al", "ía", "became", "part", "of", "Tim", "bir", "ic", "he", "in", "the", "1980s", ",", "t", "ension", "with", "Paul", "ina", "a", 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"era", "music", "still", "remain", "rele", "v", "ant", "in", "the", "1980s", ".", "His", "album", ",", "Por", "T", "u", "Mal", "d", "it", "o", "Am", "or", "(", "1989", "),", "became", "the", "long", "est", "running", "number", "one", "Regional", "Mexican", "album", "of", "the", "dec", "ade", "in", "the", "United", "States", "with", "21", "weeks", "con", "secut", "ive", "weeks", "at", "this", "position", ".", "American", "singer", "Lind", "a", "Ron", "st", "ad", "t", ",", "who", "is", "of", "Mexican", "descent", ",", "released", "Can", "c", "ion", "es", "de", "Mi", "P", "ad", "re", ",", "a", "collection", "of", "songs", "that", "her", "father", "would", "sing", ".", "The", "album", "was", "cert", "ified", "double", "plat", "in", "um", "by", "the", "R", "I", "AA", "for", "ship", "ping", "over", "two", "million", "cop", "ies", "in", "the", "United", "States", ".", "In", "1985", "She", "ena", "East", "on", "and", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", "wins", "the", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "for", "Best", "Mexican", "/", "Mexican", "-", "American", "Per", "forman", "ce", "for", "\"", "Me", "G", "ust", "as", "Tal", "Com", "o", "E", "res", "\".", "E", "ug", "en", "ia", "Le", "ón", ",", "represent", "ing", "Mexico", ",", "wins", "the", "with", "her", "song", "\"", "El", "F", "and", "ang", "o", "A", "qu", "í", "\"", "in", "1986", "V", "ik", "ki", "Carr", "wins", "the", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "for", "Best", "Mexican", "/", "Mexican", "-", "American", "Per", "forman", "ce", "for", "Sim", "plement", "e", "Mu", "j", "er", ".", "1990s", "Latin", "boys", "band", "and", "vocal", "pop", "groups", "were", "stor", "ming", "up", "the", "ch", "arts", "in", "Mexico", "and", "Central", "America", ".", "Mexican", "boy", "band", "Mag", "ne", "to", "sp", "aw", "ned", "h", "its", "in", "the", "early", "1990s", "but", "split", "in", "1996", ".", "In", "1995", ",", "their", "success", "ors", "continued", "making", "top", "h", "its", "like", "By", "e", "By", "e", "Ba", "by", "and", "Ex", 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"one", "-", "hit", "won", "der", "acts", "were", "successful", "during", "this", "era", "which", "were", "also", "foc", "used", "on", "a", "teen", "pop", "form", "ula", ".", "The", "1991", "4th", "Ann", "ual", "Lo", "N", "u", "est", "ro", "Awards", "are", "held", "at", "the", "James", "L", ".", "K", "night", "Center", "in", "M", "iam", "i", ",", "Florida", ".", "Mexican", "singer", "An", "a", "G", "abr", "iel", "and", "Domin", "ican", "group", "Ju", "an", "Lu", "is", "Gu", "er", "ra", "&", "4", ".", "40", "are", "the", "most", "awarded", "artists", "with", "three", "wins", ".", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", "rele", "ases", "Rom", "ance", ",", "a", "collection", "of", "bol", "er", "os", "previously", "recorded", "by", "other", "artists", ".", "The", "album", "'", "s", "success", "led", "to", "a", "res", "ur", "g", "ence", "of", "interest", "in", "the", "bol", "ero", "gen", "re", "in", "the", "1990s", ".", "In", "1992", "V", "ik", "ki", "Carr", "an", "American", "from", "El", "P", "as", "o", ",", "Texas", ",", "born", "to", "parents", "of", "Mexican", "anc", "est", "ry", "won", "the", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "for", "Best", "Latin", "Pop", "Album", "for", "C", "os", "as", "del", "Am", "or", "an", "album", "with", "the", "lead", "single", "being", "a", "du", "et", "with", "An", "a", "G", "abr", "iel", "of", "the", "same", "name", ".", "The", "track", "earned", "awards", "such", "as", "a", "Lo", "N", "u", "est", "ro", "Awards", "for", "Best", "Pop", "Song", "and", "the", "Sing", "le", "of", "the", "Year", "ment", "ion", "by", "the", "Radio", "y", "M", "ú", "s", "ica", "journal", ".", "In", "1993", "Lind", "a", "Ron", "st", "ad", "t", "won", "the", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "for", "Best", "T", "ropical", "Latin", "Album", "for", "her", "album", "Fr", "en", "es", "í", "and", "the", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "for", "Best", "Mexican", "-", "American", "Album", "for", "her", "album", "Mas", "Can", "c", "ion", "es", ".", "S", "el", "ena", "became", "the", "first", "non", 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"the", "early", "to", "mid", "1990s", ",", "the", "tor", "ch", "for", "Mexican", "music", "was", "carried", "by", "another", "Mexican", "-", "American", "singer", "who", "had", "g", "rown", "up", "spe", "aking", "English", "and", "lear", "ned", "Spanish", "as", "a", "second", "language", ".", "Texas", "-", "born", "S", "el", "ena", "was", "a", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", "winning", "Te", "j", "ano", "singer", ",", "who", "also", "s", "ang", "many", "gen", "res", ".", "After", "by", "pass", "ing", "all", "the", "Te", "j", "ano", "b", "arr", "iers", ",", "she", "quickly", "earned", "the", "title", "\"", "Queen", "of", "Te", "j", "ano", "Music", ".\"", "S", "el", "ena", "became", "the", "first", "Latin", "artist", "to", "have", "four", "number", "ones", "in", "one", "year", "in", "1994", ".", "The", "four", "were", "Don", "de", "Qu", "ier", "a", "Que", "Est", "é", "s", ",", "Am", "or", "Pro", "hib", "id", "o", ",", "B", "id", "i", "B", "id", "i", "B", "om", "B", "om", "and", "No", "Me", "Qu", "ed", "a", "Mas", ".", "After", "her", "success", "in", "Spanish", "and", "winning", "a", "Gr", "am", "my", "Award", ",", "S", "el", "ena", "went", "to", "work", "on", "her", "very", "first", "English", "album", ".", "The", "ir", "ony", "was", "that", "English", "was", "S", "el", "ena", "'", "s", "first", "language", ",", "as", "she", "had", "g", "rown", "up", "in", "Texas", "and", "Spanish", "was", "act", "ually", "her", "second", "language", ".", "S", "ad", "ly", ",", "S", "el", "ena", "was", "murder", "ed", "in", "March", "1995", ".", "S", "el", "ena", "only", "recorded", "4", "songs", "for", "her", "cross", "over", "album", "and", "was", "sched", "uled", "to", "have", "13", "songs", "in", "English", "for", "her", "album", ".", "The", "cross", "over", "album", "titled", "Dream", "ing", "of", "You", "was", "released", "in", "the", "summer", "of", "1995", ".", "It", "quickly", "became", "an", "International", "S", "uc", "cess", ".", "S", "el", "ena", "'", "s", "songs", "Dream", 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9371655	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title%2044%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Code	Title 44 of the United States Code	Title 44 of the United States Code outlines the role of public printing and documents in the United States Code. Chapters The title contains 41 chapters: : Joint Committee on Printing : Government Printing Office : Production and Procurement of Printing and Binding : Congressional Printing and Binding : Congressional Record : Executive and Judiciary Printing and Binding : Particular Reports and Documents : Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations : Distribution and Sale of Public Documents : Depository Library Program : National Archives and Records Administration : Presidential Records : National Archives Trust Fund Board : National Historical Publications and Records Commission : Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress : Records Management by the Archivist of the United States and by the Administrator of General Services : Records Management by Federal Agencies : Disposal of Records : Coordination of Federal Information Policy : Advertisements by Government Agencies : Government Printing Office: Office of Inspector General : Access to Federal Electronic Information External links 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43218220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20V.%20Quadracci	Harry V. Quadracci	Harry V. Quadracci (January 10, 1936 – July 29, 2002) founded Quad/Graphics with his wife Elizabeth Quadracci. Work at Krueger Quadracci worked at W.A.Krueger, but eventually left when a managerial disagreement led to a strike. He was not included when the president of the company reached a settlement, and he felt the negotiating was done behind his back. He interpreted it as a signal that he would not eventually fulfill the role as president of the company. He then left to form his own company. Company beginnings Quadracci leased a 20,000 square foot building in Pewaukee, Wisconsin. By 1974 the company had 35 employees. Contract In 1977, Quadracci was able to land Newsweek, and in 2000 landed National Geographic. Philanthropy In 2001, Harry V. Quadracci and his wife Elizabeth Quadracci helped finance the addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum designed by Santiago Calatrava. The Quadraccis donated $10 million in a donation-matching challenge they spearheaded. The addition was named the Quadracci Pavilion. Death Quadracci died at 66 years old at Pine Lake in Chenequa, Wisconsin. He suffered from an unknown medical incident which resulted in him drowning. Wisconsin probate case has his date of birth listed as January not June. Memorial In his memorial Quad/Graphics donated 1 million dollars to Waukesha County Technical College and named a newer area of the school the Harry V. Quadracci Printing and Graphics Center. The $1 million gift came from Quad/Graphics clients, friends, vendors, and employees who donated to the Harry V. Quadracci Memorial Fund. The contributions totalled $500,000, and then were matched by Quad/Graphics' Windhover Foundation for a total gift of $1 million. References 1936 births 2002 deaths People from Chenequa, Wisconsin Businesspeople from Wisconsin Philanthropists from Wisconsin 20th-century American businesspeople 21st-century American businesspeople 21st-century American philanthropists Deaths by drowning in the United States Accidental deaths in Wisconsin 20th-century American philanthropists	[ "Harry", "V", ".", "Qu", "ad", "rac", "ci", "(", "January", "10", ",", "1936", "–", "July", "29", ",", "2002", ")", "founded", "Qu", "ad", "/", "Gr", "ap", "h", "ics", "with", "his", "wife", "Elizabeth", "Qu", "ad", "rac", "ci", ".", "Work", "at", "Kr", "ue", "ger", "Qu", "ad", "rac", "ci", "worked", "at", "W", ".", "A", ".", "Kr", "ue", "ger", ",", "but", "eventually", "left", "when", "a", "manager", "ial", "dis", "agreement", "led", "to", "a", "str", "ike", ".", "He", "was", "not", "included", "when", "the", "president", "of", "the", "company", "reached", "a", "settlement", ",", "and", "he", "felt", "the", "ne", "got", "i", "ating", "was", 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60105176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hithuge%20Edhun	Hithuge Edhun	Hithuge Edhun is a 2006 Maldivian romantic drama film directed by Amjad Ibrahim. Produced by Mohamed Abdulla under Dhekedheke Ves Productions, the film stars Niuma Mohamed, Mohamed Manik, Sheela Najeeb and Mohamed Shavin in pivotal roles. Cast Niuma Mohamed as Shaniya Mohamed Manik as Shahil Sheela Najeeb as Nisha Mohamed Shavin as Nahid Mohamed Vishan Aboobakuru as Idan Ahmed Aiham Ali Mariyam Siyadha as Jeeza Nadhiya Hassan as Sofi Mariyam Haleem as Wakleedha; Shaniya's mother Ali Farooq as Mohamed; Shaniya's father Hussain Nooradeen as Shahil's friend Mariyam Shahuza as Idan's teacher Zeenath Abbas (Special appearance) Soundtrack Accolades References Maldivian romantic drama films 2006 films Films directed by Amjad Ibrahim 2006 romantic drama films Dhivehi-language films	[ "H", "ith", "uge", "Ed", "hun", "is", "a", "2006", "Mal", "div", "ian", "rom", "antic", "drama", "film", "directed", "by", "Am", "j", "ad", "I", "br", "ah", "im", ".", "Produ", "ced", "by", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "Ab", "d", "ul", "la", "under", "D", "he", "ked", "he", "ke", "V", "es", "Produ", "ctions", ",", "the", "film", "stars", "N", "ium", "a", "Mo", "ham", "ed", ",", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "Man", "ik", ",", "She", "ela", "N", "aj", "ee", "b", "and", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "Sh", "av", "in", "in", "p", "iv", "ot", "al", "roles", ".", "Cast", "N", "ium", "a", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "as", "Sh", "ani", "ya", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "Man", "ik", "as", "Sh", "ah", "il", "She", "ela", "N", "aj", "ee", "b", "as", "N", "ish", "a", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "Sh", "av", "in", "as", "N", "ah", "id", "Mo", "ham", "ed", "V", "ish", "an", "A", "bo", "ob", "ak", "ur", "u", "as", "Id", "an", "Ah", "med", "A", "i", "ham", "Ali", "Mar", "iy", "am", "S", "iy", "ad", "ha", "as", "Je", "e", "za", "N", "ad", "hi", "ya", "H", "ass", "an", "as", "S", "of", "i", "Mar", "iy", "am", "H", "ale", "em", "as", "W", "ak", "le", "ed", "ha", ";", "Sh", "ani", "ya", "'", "s", "mother", "Ali", "Far", "oo", "q", "as", "Mo", "ham", "ed", ";", "Sh", "ani", "ya", "'", "s", "father", "H", "uss", "ain", "No", "or", "ade", "en", "as", "Sh", "ah", "il", "'", "s", "friend", "Mar", "iy", "am", "Sh", "ah", "u", "za", "as", "Id", "an", "'", "s", "teacher", "Z", "een", "ath", "Ab", "bas", "(", "Special", "appearance", ")", "Sound", "track", "Ac", "col", "ades", "References", "Mal", "div", "ian", "rom", "antic", "drama", "films", "2006", "films", "Films", "directed", "by", "Am", "j", "ad", "I", "br", "ah", "im", "2006", "rom", "antic", "drama", "films", "D", "h", "ive", "hi", "-", "language", "films" ]	[ 44, 24642, 29862, 25420, 28090, 24593, 69, 25562, 25893, 26515, 24669, 27891, 27415, 27493, 24932, 26511, 24647, 25417, 78, 24614, 45, 24816, 24966, 24634, 18, 27298, 24926, 24647, 25721, 25484, 24588, 25762, 72, 24649, 25403, 25016, 40, 24607, 27060, 24607, 24801, 58, 24589, 27298, 25509, 16, 24585, 24932, 28896, 50, 25394, 69, 25721, 25484, 24588, 16, 25721, 25484, 24588, 25310, 25054, 16, 25079, 28350, 50, 25075, 29807, 70, 24596, 25721, 25484, 24588, 24950, 24668, 24581, 24581, 84, 24622, 24643, 24591, 29451, 18, 26502, 50, 25394, 69, 25721, 25484, 24588, 24594, 24950, 26644, 26351, 25721, 25484, 24588, 25310, 25054, 24594, 24950, 24966, 24608, 25079, 28350, 50, 25075, 29807, 70, 24594, 50, 24679, 69, 25721, 25484, 24588, 24950, 24668, 24581, 24594, 50, 24966, 24630, 25721, 25484, 24588, 58, 24679, 24583, 37, 24807, 24870, 24700, 24615, 89, 24594, 29606, 24583, 29079, 24992, 37, 77, 25484, 29797, 24829, 27881, 24611, 55, 27881, 24614, 26229, 24594, 26216, 73, 26992, 50, 24614, 26766, 26351, 44, 24732, 24583, 24594, 55, 24595, 77, 24829, 27881, 24611, 44, 24988, 24635, 24594, 59, 24700, 24604, 24588, 26229, 31, 24950, 26644, 26351, 11, 87, 26554, 29797, 27867, 27340, 85, 24594, 25721, 25484, 24588, 31, 24950, 26644, 26351, 11, 87, 25919, 44, 25231, 24667, 25694, 24586, 24899, 24587, 24594, 24950, 24966, 24608, 11, 87, 26187, 24829, 27881, 24611, 24950, 24966, 89, 26992, 24594, 29606, 24583, 11, 87, 29167, 62, 25070, 24851, 25762, 26253, 12, 28174, 27775, 13, 29028, 26059, 25275, 24908, 27345, 24838, 25893, 26515, 24669, 27891, 27415, 27493, 25477, 25562, 25477, 27019, 26511, 24647, 25417, 78, 24614, 45, 24816, 24966, 24634, 25562, 27891, 27415, 27493, 25477, 40, 76, 24723, 26766, 17, 25996, 25477 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
34967458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klemens%20von%20Klemperer	Klemens von Klemperer	Klemens Wilhelm von Klemperer (November 2, 1916 – December 23, 2012) was a historian of modern Europe and professor at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. He was a prominent member of the generation of young refugees and emigrants who fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s and established themselves as historians and often leading scholars in the United States. His teaching and writings focused on 20th century Germany and Central Europe, in particular the Nazi regime and the resistance to Hitler. In 1997, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class for his contribution and services to Austrian culture. He delivered a lecture in June 1998 at Westminster Abbey to mark the unveiling of a sculpture of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the "Martyrs' Gallery". Biography Family background Klemens von Klemperer had a privileged childhood. He was born in Berlin, one of four children of Herbert and Frieda (née Kuffner) von Klemperer. His father was the president of Berliner Maschinenbau-AG (BMAG), a company that supplied locomotives as well as submarines and torpedoes to the military establishment. He was a grandson of Gustav Klemperer von Klemenau, a prominent banker who rose to become the chairman of the Dresdner Bank, and great nephew of Moriz von Kuffner, Viennese brewer and pioneering alpinist. The family had had a secular Jewish background until his grandfather converted to Protestantism. Education He finished his schooling at the Französisches Gymnasium Berlin in 1934. His father used his influence and contacts to get him a place at Balliol College, Oxford, but Klemens had other ideas. After only two weeks there, he ran away as he says in his memoir published in 2009. He made his way to Vienna, thinking his presence there would be more fruitful, given the upheaval in the country, especially as his grandmother and maternal aunts there were going through difficult times. He enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he studied history of law under Heinrich Mitteis. After the Anschluss in March 1938, he emerged as one of the prominent anti-Nazi student leaders in Vienna. Von Klemperer befriended the brothers Otto Molden and Fritz Molden, future leaders of the O5 resistance movement, joining them in the Parthenen mountain hut gathering of July 1938. However, in November 1938, mounting political disturbances and his family's Jewish background forced him to flee to the United States. In the waning months of his life in Austria, he served as executor for the manuscripts in the estate of Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian playwright, poet, and great uncle by marriage to the Kuffner branch of his Viennese family. In 1939, his parents emigrated to Britain. After arriving in New York, von Klemperer joined Harvard University as one of 14 students accepted under Franklin D. Roosevelt's support initiative for refugee scholars. However, his studies were interrupted from 1942 to 1946 when he served as an intelligence officer in Eisenhower's G2 intelligence unit of SHAEF, He spent a year in London and was also stationed in Versailles and Berlin<ref>Mitchell, Allan, Fleeing..., p. 21.</ref> Academic career After the Second World War, he returned to Harvard and obtained his PhD in 1949. His doctoral advisor was William L. Langer; Klemperer later emphasized how much he also owed to the older generation of refugee scholars. He went on to teach at Smith College. Here, he also met Elizabeth Gallaher, whom he married and who later became a professor of literature at Smith College. He became L. Clark Seelye Professor of History in 1979. He retired officially in 1987 but continued his work in academia, teaching at Smith College, Amherst College and at the University of Massachusetts. In 1973, he became a visiting fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, England, where he lectured for a year. He was also a visiting fellow at Trinity College, Oxford for two years from 1980, and at the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin in 1985-6. In addition, he became a Five College Professor in 1990. He also served on the board of the Volkswagen Foundation from 2000 to 2005, and of the Forschungsgemeinschaft 20. Juli 1944 from 2000-2012. He remained an active scholar well into his 90s, publishing a memoir in 2009. His last book, a historical interpretation of the work of German artist Käthe Kollwitz, was published in 2011, shortly before his death. Publications von Klemperer published eight books and numerous historical articles. Much of his work is about the Nazi period in German history. His most acclaimed book appeared in 1992 viz. German Resistance against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945. Although the topic was not new, he shed new light on the subject and presented an in-depth study and balanced view of what actually transpired, based on his own painstaking research. Selected worksGermany's New Conservatism (Princeton, NJ, 1957).Ignaz Seipel: Christian Statesman in a Time of Crisis (Princeton, NJ, 1972).Kurt von Schuschnigg. Neue Österreichische Biographies, Vol 22 (Vienna, 1987).A Noble Combat: The Letters of Shiela Grant Duff and Adam von Trott zu Solz, 1932-1938 (Oxford, 1988).German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945 (Oxford, 1992).More on the German Resistance, Smith Alumnae Quarterly, Summer 1993.German Incertitudes: The Stones in the Cathedral (Westport, CT, 2002).Voyage Through the 20th Century: A Historian's Recollections and Reflections (New York/Oxford, 2009).[21]The Passion of a German Artist: Käthe Kollwitz (Xlibris, 2011). Sotheby's auction Towards the end of his life, von Klemperer regained his Austrian citizenship, which had been effectively taken away from him during the Nazi years. However, he retained his US citizenship. In 2008, a significant work of art, which had been seized from his father Herbert von Klemperer in 1938, was returned to his family through a legal process of restitution. The painting, a portrait of a bagpiper by Hendrick ter Brugghen, one of the Utrecht Carravagisti, had been forcibly sold to the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Köln where it hung for the next 70 years. In 2009, the restituted painting was sold by the von Klemperer family at Sotheby's for a record price, and now hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC. Personal Klemens von Klemperer died, aged 96, on December 23, 2012 at his home in Easthampton, Massachusetts. He had been married to Elizabeth (née Gallaher), who survived him, for 59 years. They had two children, a son James and a daughter Catharine. References Further reading Andreas Daum, Hartmut Lehmann, James Sheehan (eds.), The Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide''. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016, . 1916 births 2012 deaths Harvard University alumni American historians Historians of Germany Historians of Nazism Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States Edlers of Austria Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class Smith College faculty Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni	[ "K", "le", "m", "ens", "Wil", "hel", "m", "von", "K", "le", "m", "per", "er", "(", "November", "2", ",", "1916", "–", "December", "23", ",", "2012", ")", "was", "a", "histor", "ian", "of", "modern", "Europe", "and", "professor", "at", "Smith", "College", ",", "North", "amp", "ton", ",", "Massachusetts", ".", "He", "was", "a", "prominent", "member", "of", "the", "gener", "ation", "of", "young", "ref", "uge", "es", "and", "em", "igrants", "who", "fl", "ed", "Naz", "i", "Germany", "in", "the", "193", "0s", "and", "established", "themselves", "as", "histor", "ians", "and", "often", "leading", "schol", "ars", "in", "the", "United", 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19294372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendon%20and%20Penhill%20%28ward%29	Blendon and Penhill (ward)	Blendon and Penhill is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Bexley. Representing part of the Old Bexley and Sidcup Parliamentary constituency, three Councillors Graham D’Amiral, Steven Hall and Nick O’Hare were returned at the 2014 local government election. Bexley council elections 2022 election 2018 election 2014 election 2010 election 2006 election 2002 election 1998 election 1994 election 1990 election 1986 election 1982 election 1978 election References Blendon and Penhill ward profile Old Bexley & Sidcup Conservative Party Wards of the London Borough of Bexley 1978 establishments in England	[ "Bl", "end", "on", "and", "Pen", "hill", "is", "an", "ele", "ctoral", "ward", "in", "the", "London", "Bor", "ough", "of", "B", "ex", "ley", ".", "Represent", "ing", "part", "of", "the", "Old", "B", "ex", "ley", "and", "S", "id", "cup", "Parliament", "ary", "constitu", "ency", ",", "three", "Coun", "c", "ill", "ors", "Gra", "ham", "D", "’", "Am", "ir", "al", ",", "Ste", "ven", "Hall", "and", "Nick", "O", "’", "H", "are", "were", "returned", "at", "the", "2014", "local", "government", "election", ".", "B", "ex", "ley", "council", "elections", "2022", "election", "2018", "election", "2014", "election", "2010", "election", "2006", "election", "2002", "election", "1998", "election", "1994", "election", "1990", "election", "1986", "election", "1982", "election", "1978", "election", "References", "Bl", "end", "on", "and", "Pen", "hill", "ward", "prof", "ile", "Old", "B", "ex", "ley", "&", "S", "id", "cup", "Conserv", "ative", "Party", "W", "ards", "of", "the", "London", "Bor", "ough", "of", "B", "ex", "ley", "1978", "establishments", "in", "England" ]	[ 25241, 24725, 24584, 24596, 28344, 28480, 24593, 24583, 24909, 28856, 24993, 24581, 24585, 25712, 27283, 24812, 24595, 38, 24707, 25145, 18, 27958, 24599, 24791, 24595, 24585, 27213, 38, 24707, 25145, 24596, 55, 24630, 26699, 27167, 24713, 28875, 26322, 16, 25151, 24989, 71, 24689, 24903, 29173, 25484, 40, 4998, 25417, 24624, 24591, 16, 25550, 25232, 26411, 24596, 29666, 51, 4998, 44, 24686, 24747, 26355, 24590, 24585, 25590, 25763, 25621, 25990, 18, 38, 24707, 25145, 28114, 27806, 25862, 25990, 25625, 25990, 25590, 25990, 25449, 25990, 25562, 25990, 25908, 25990, 26167, 25990, 26360, 25990, 26490, 25990, 26801, 25990, 26979, 25990, 27134, 25990, 24838, 25241, 24725, 24584, 24596, 28344, 28480, 24993, 25416, 24890, 27213, 38, 24707, 25145, 10, 55, 24630, 26699, 28127, 25077, 25970, 59, 25598, 24595, 24585, 25712, 27283, 24812, 24595, 38, 24707, 25145, 27134, 26712, 24581, 25921 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2450699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimp%20Juice	Pimp Juice	"Pimp Juice" is the fourth US and Canadian single by American rapper Nelly, released on March 10, 2003, from his 2002 album, Nellyville. The song peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100. It samples UGK's song Wood Wheel from their album Dirty Money. In the song, Nelly states that women only want him for his "pimp juice", which he needs to let loose. He later explains that "pimp juice" is anything used to "attract the opposite sex/It could be money, fame, or straight intellect" and that "Pimp juice is color blind/You find it work on all color creeds and kinds". The song was featured in VH1's "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs...Ever" at number 30. Controversy The song received backlash for its apparent glorification of prostitution. In 2004, students at Spelman College, the historically black women's college in Atlanta, protested Nelly's bone-marrow drive—which he had started after discovering his sister had been diagnosed with leukemia. Remix The official remix features Ronald Isley of the Isley Brothers and The Feed's David Grelle on keyboard, and the song is on Nelly's remix album, Da Derrty Versions: The Reinvention. It contains a sample of "Curtains" by The Jeff Lorber Fusion. Track listing US 12-inch vinyl A1. "Pimp Juice" (clean album version) – 4:52 A2. "Pimp Juice" (dirty album version) – 4:52 A3. "Pimp Juice" (instrumental) – 4:52 B1. "Pimp Juice" (clean album version) – 4:52 B2. "Pimp Juice" (dirty album version) – 4:52 B3. "Pimp Juice" (instrumental) – 4:52 Charts See also Pimp Juice (drink) References Songs about procurers Songs about prostitutes 2002 songs 2003 singles Music videos directed by Benny Boom Nelly songs Songs written by Nelly Universal Records singles	[ "\"", "P", "imp", "Ju", "ice", "\"", "is", "the", "fourth", "US", "and", "Canadian", "single", "by", "American", "rap", "per", "N", "el", "ly", ",", "released", "on", "March", "10", ",", "2003", ",", "from", "his", "2002", "album", ",", "N", "el", "ly", "ville", ".", "The", "song", "peak", "ed", "at", "number", "58", "on", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "100", ".", "It", "s", "am", "ples", "U", "G", "K", "'", "s", "song", "Wood", "W", "he", "el", "from", "their", "album", "D", "ir", "ty", "M", "oney", ".", "In", "the", "song", ",", "N", "el", "ly", "states", "that", "women", "only", "want", "him", "for", "his", "\"", "p", "imp", "j", "u", "ice", "\",", "which", "he", "ne", "eds", "to", "let", "lo", "ose", ".", "He", "later", "expl", "ains", "that", "\"", "p", "imp", "j", "u", "ice", "\"", "is", "any", "thing", "used", "to", "\"", "attr", "act", "the", "op", "pos", "ite", "sex", "/", "It", "could", "be", "money", ",", "f", "ame", ",", "or", "stra", "ight", "int", "el", "lect", "\"", "and", "that", "\"", "P", "imp", "j", "u", "ice", "is", "color", "b", "lin", "d", "/", "You", "find", "it", "work", "on", "all", "color", "cre", "eds", "and", "kind", "s", "\".", "The", "song", "was", "featured", "in", "V", "H", "1", "'", "s", "\"", "50", "Most", "A", "w", "es", "om", "ely", "Bad", "Songs", "...", "E", "ver", "\"", "at", "number", "30", ".", "Con", "tro", "vers", "y", "The", "song", "received", "back", "l", "ash", "for", "its", "appar", "ent", "gl", "or", "ification", "of", "pro", "stitution", ".", "In", "2004", ",", "students", "at", "Sp", "el", "man", "College", ",", "the", "histor", "ically", "black", "women", "'", "s", "college", "in", "Atl", "anta", ",", "protest", "ed", "N", "el", "ly", "'", "s", "b", "one", "-", "mar", 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73898932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Vice	Samantha Vice	Samantha Wynne Vice (born 12 March 1973) is a South African philosopher who is distinguished professor of philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). Her areas of specialisation are ethics and social philosophy, and she is especially well known for her work on the existential and moral philosophy of race. Academic background and positions Born in South Africa, Vice completed her bachelor's and master's at Rhodes University. In 2003, she completed a PhD in philosophy at the University of Reading, which she attended on a Commonwealth Scholarship. Thereafter she joined the philosophy faculty at Rhodes, ultimately becoming the head of the philosophy department. In 2011, she was awarded the Rhodes Vice-Chancellor's Distinguished Research Award, designated for Rhodes faculty under the age of 40, for her research output. In January 2015, she was appointed as distinguished professor of philosophy at Wits, where she works both in the philosophy department and at the Wits Centre for Ethics. She was admitted to the Academy of Science of South Africa in October 2021. Philosophical work Vice's best known work is about race, particularly white privilege and white guilt. Her 2010 article "'How Do I Live in This Strange Place?'", published in the Journal of Social Philosophy while she was a senior lecturer at Rhodes, argued that shame and guilt were appropriate responses to the experience of white people in post-apartheid South Africa; she argued that white people were "even if unavoidably — a continuing product of white privilege and benefiting from it, implicated in and enacting injustice in many subtle ways". After Eusebius McKaiser published a commentary on the article in the mainstream press, her argument sparked heated public debate; the Mail & Guardian published a special report and series of responses, and the Wits Centre for Ethics hosted a seminar on the paper, with a panel comprising Vice, McKaiser, constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos, and philosophers Ward Jones and David Benatar. References External links Professor Samantha Vice at Wits University "Why my opinions on whiteness touched a nerve" in the Mail & Guardian Living people 1973 births Place of birth missing (living people) Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa South African women philosophers 21st-century South African philosophers South African ethicists Rhodes University alumni Alumni of the University of Reading Academic staff of Rhodes University Academic staff of the University of the Witwatersrand Philosophy academics Social philosophers	[ "Sam", "anth", "a", "W", "yn", "ne", "V", "ice", "(", "born", "12", "March", "1973", ")", "is", "a", "South", "African", "philos", "op", "her", "who", "is", "dist", "ingu", "ished", "professor", "of", "philos", "ophy", "at", "the", "University", "of", "the", "W", "it", "w", "aters", "r", "and", "(", "W", "its", ").", "Her", "areas", "of", "special", "isation", "are", "eth", "ics", "and", "social", "philos", "ophy", ",", "and", "she", "is", 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24916758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Makulis	Jimmy Makulis	Dimitrios Makulis (Greek: Τζίμης Μακούλης; 12 April 1935 in Athens – 28 October 2007 in Athens), known as Jimmy Makulis, was a Greek singer who had a successful career in German-speaking markets in the 1950s and 1960s, and is known for his participation on behalf of Austria in the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest. Early career Makulis became a successful singer in his native Greece before moving to Germany in the mid-1950s. In 1956 he scored a top 5 hit with "Auf Cuba sind die Mädchen braun". His biggest hit was "Gitarren klingen leise durch die Nacht", No.4 in 1959, and he continued to place charting singles until 1964. Eurovision In 1961, Makulis was chosen internally by Austrian broadcaster ORF to represent the country with the song "Sehnsucht" ("Longing") in the sixth Eurovision Song Contest, held on 18 March in Cannes, France. This proved unsuccessful, as "Sehnsucht" picked up only one point, from the United Kingdom jury, and finished along with Belgium's Bob Benny in joint last place of the 16 entries. "Sehnsucht" is one of very few Eurovision entries never to have been recorded by the performer. Later career Makulis moved to the United States in 1965, and in following years lived and performed in Las Vegas. He moved back to his native Greece in 1985, and in 1990 took part in the selection for that year's Greek Eurovision entry, finishing fifth. He returned to Germany in the early 1990s. Death Makulis died following heart surgery in an Athens hospital on 28 October 2007, aged 72. Singles discography (Shows highest position reached on German Singles Chart) 1956: "Auf Cuba sind die Mädchen braun" (#5) 1959: "Gitarren klingen leise durch die Nacht" (#4) 1960: "Nachts in Rom" (#9) 1960: "Ein Boot, eine Mondnacht und du" (#36) 1961: "Sweetheart Guitar" (#10) 1962: "Ich habe im Leben nur dich" (#17) 1962: "Keiner weiß wohin" (#43) 1962: "Weil ich weiß, daß wir uns wiederseh'n" (#37) 1963: "Lebe wohl, du Blume von Tahiti" (#43) 1964: "Little Moonlight Love" (#38) References Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Austria Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1961 Singers from Athens German-language singers 1935 births 2007 deaths 20th-century Greek male singers	[ "D", "im", "it", "ri", "os", "M", "ak", "ul", "is", "(", "Greek", ":", "Τ", "ζ", "ί", "μ", "η", "ς", "Μ", "α", "κ", "ο", "ύ", "λ", "η", "ς", ";", "12", "April", "1935", "in", "A", "then", "s", "–", "28", "October", "2007", "in", "A", "then", "s", "),", "known", "as", "Jim", "my", "M", "ak", "ul", "is", ",", "was", 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13, 27850, 30, 6, 25085, 74, 28817, 69, 87, 24888, 28495, 49, 195, 72, 29991, 24816, 69, 24631, 6, 12, 7, 25, 13, 27889, 30, 6, 43, 24598, 24848, 24587, 79, 25632, 24587, 24604, 25279, 72, 25213, 28495, 50, 24769, 88, 6, 12, 7, 24, 13, 27541, 30, 6, 50, 24769, 24704, 24581, 29211, 6, 12, 7, 29, 13, 27541, 30, 6, 41, 24581, 38, 24922, 16, 73, 24734, 49, 25112, 82, 24769, 88, 25324, 24749, 6, 12, 7, 26752, 13, 27802, 30, 6, 55, 28047, 24585, 24673, 25409, 26195, 6, 12, 7, 24975, 13, 27693, 30, 6, 45, 24610, 26229, 24636, 24634, 24843, 70, 24587, 82, 24615, 72, 24708, 6, 12, 7, 24940, 13, 27693, 30, 6, 26434, 24581, 24582, 24887, 77, 190, 91, 83, 76, 24581, 6, 12, 7, 28524, 13, 27693, 30, 6, 25472, 24608, 24708, 24887, 77, 190, 16, 26963, 190, 91, 24624, 24631, 87, 91, 24837, 24582, 24620, 76, 11, 82, 6, 12, 7, 26780, 13, 27703, 30, 6, 24843, 24636, 91, 83, 76, 80, 16, 24749, 25241, 26855, 27359, 56, 24966, 29993, 6, 12, 7, 28524, 13, 27413, 30, 6, 28012, 25721, 24584, 26327, 27236, 6, 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1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
61599772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo%20Jelen%20Award	Marcelo Jelen Award	Premio Marcelo Jalen () is an Uruguayan journalist award. It is organized by Cotidiano Mujer, Unesco, ONU Mujeres and Uruguayan Associated Press. This initiative try to award journalist works to intend avoid unique thinking, promote diversity and no discrimination. Some people awarded are Diana Cariboni, Victoria Fernández, Guillermo Draper and Raúl Santopietro. References Uruguayan awards Journalism awards	[ "Prem", "io", "Mar", "cel", "o", "J", "al", "en", "()", "is", "an", "Ur", "ugu", "ay", "an", "journalist", "award", ".", "It", "is", "organized", "by", "C", "ot", "id", "iano", "Mu", "j", "er", ",", "Un", "es", "co", ",", "O", "N", "U", "Mu", "j", "er", "es", "and", "Ur", "ugu", "ay", "an", "Associ", "ated", "Press", ".", "This", "initi", "ative", "try", "to", "award", "journalist", "works", "to", "int", "end", "avo", "id", "un", "ique", "th", "in", "king", ",", "promot", "e", "d", "iversity", "and", "no", "dis", "crimin", "ation", ".", "Some", "people", "awarded", "are", "D", "iana", "Car", "ib", "on", "i", ",", "Victoria", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "Gu", "iller", "mo", "Dr", "aper", "and", "Ra", "ú", "l", "San", "top", "iet", "ro", ".", "References", "Ur", "ugu", "ay", "an", "awards", "Journal", "ism", "awards" ]	[ 27683, 24860, 24829, 27378, 83, 46, 24591, 24587, 26399, 24593, 24583, 27425, 27694, 24632, 24583, 29469, 26129, 18, 24805, 24593, 28757, 24647, 39, 24643, 24630, 27259, 27355, 78, 24582, 16, 24739, 24589, 24869, 16, 51, 50, 57, 27355, 78, 24582, 24589, 24596, 27425, 27694, 24632, 24583, 26002, 24712, 26647, 18, 25111, 29210, 25077, 25378, 24601, 26129, 29469, 25994, 24601, 24957, 24725, 28387, 24630, 24631, 26788, 24580, 24581, 25889, 16, 26284, 73, 72, 24972, 24596, 25159, 24913, 28365, 24626, 18, 26726, 24941, 27043, 24686, 40, 27372, 25198, 24751, 24584, 77, 16, 28293, 42, 25369, 27822, 24650, 94, 16, 25409, 29964, 28225, 25471, 26397, 24596, 29549, 217, 80, 25740, 25318, 25433, 24619, 18, 24838, 27425, 27694, 24632, 24583, 28484, 27967, 25284, 28484 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
56717160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20sulfosuccinate%20esters	Sodium sulfosuccinate esters	Sodium sulfosuccinate esters are organic compounds with the formula NaO3SCH(CO2R')CH2CO2R where R and R' can be H or alkyl groups. They comprise a large class of surfactants and emulsifiers used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning agents. They are colorless salts. These materials can be further classified into monoesters (R' = H, R = alkyl) and diesters (R and R' = alkyl). Synthesis They are produced by treatment of maleic anhydride with alcohols. The resulting mono or diesters are then treated with sodium sulfite, which, concomitant with protonation, adds to the C=C bond. Application A high volume example is sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. This is perhaps best known as the laxative docusate, however its main use is as a surfactant for which it finds common use in personal-care and household-care products, often under the name Aerosol-OTs. It is unusual in that it is able to form microemulsions without the use of co-surfactants, and it has a rich variety of aqueous-phase behavior including multiple liquid crystalline phases. References Anionic surfactants Sulfonic acids	[ "S", "od", "ium", "s", "ulf", "os", "uc", "c", "in", "ate", "es", "ters", "are", "organ", "ic", "comp", "ound", "s", "with", "the", "form", "ula", "N", "a", "O", "3", "SC", "H", "(", "CO", "2", "R", "'", ")", "C", "H", "2", "CO", "2", "R", "where", "R", "and", "R", "'", "can", "be", "H", "or", "al", "k", "yl", "groups", ".", "They", "com", "prise", "a", "large", "class", "of", "sur", "fact", "ants", "and", "em", "ul", "s", "if", "iers", "used", "in", "cos", "met", "ics", ",", "ph", "arm", "ace", "ut", "ic", "als", ",", "and", "cle", "an", "ing", "ag", "ents", ".", "They", "are", "color", "less", "sal", "ts", ".", "These", "mater", "ials", "can", "be", "further", "class", "ified", "into", "mon", "oes", "ters", "(", "R", "'", "=", "H", ",", "R", "=", "al", "k", "yl", ")", "and", "d", "ies", "ters", "(", "R", "and", "R", "'", "=", "al", "k", "yl", ").", "Sy", "n", "thes", "is", "They", "are", "produced", "by", "treatment", "of", "male", "ic", "an", "hy", "dr", "ide", "with", "al", "co", "hol", "s", ".", "The", "resulting", "mon", "o", "or", "d", "ies", "ters", "are", "then", "tre", "ated", "with", "s", "od", "ium", "s", "ulf", "ite", ",", "which", ",", "con", "com", "it", "ant", "with", "pro", "ton", "ation", ",", "add", "s", "to", "the", "C", "=", "C", "b", "ond", ".", "Ap", "plic", "ation", "A", "high", "vol", "ume", "example", "is", "s", "od", "ium", "b", "is", "(", "2", "-", "eth", "yl", "he", "x", "yl", ")", "s", "ulf", "os", "uc", "c", "in", "ate", ".", "This", "is", "per", "h", "aps", "best", "known", "as", "the", "l", "ax", "ative", "doc", "us", "ate", ",", "however", "its", "main", "use", "is", "as", "a", "sur", "fact", "ant", "for", "which", "it", "find", "s", "common", "use", "in", "personal", "-", "care", "and", "house", "hold", "-", "care", "products", ",", "often", "under", "the", "name", "A", "er", "os", "ol", "-", "O", "T", "s", ".", "It", "is", "un", "us", "ual", "in", "that", "it", "is", "able", "to", "form", "mic", "ro", "em", "ul", "s", "ions", "without", "the", "use", "of", "co", "-", "sur", "fact", "ants", ",", "and", "it", "has", "a", "rich", "variety", "of", "a", "que", "ous", "-", "phas", "e", "beh", "av", "ior", "including", "multiple", "li", "qu", "id", "cr", "y", "st", "all", "ine", "phas", "es", ".", "References", "An", "ion", "ic", "sur", "fact", "ants", "S", "ulf", "onic", "ac", "ids" ]	[ 55, 24694, 25394, 87, 29046, 24674, 24965, 71, 24581, 24688, 24589, 24998, 24686, 25337, 24597, 24770, 24742, 87, 24651, 24585, 24839, 26737, 50, 69, 51, 23, 28824, 44, 12, 26850, 22, 54, 11, 13, 39, 44, 22, 26850, 22, 54, 25072, 54, 24596, 54, 11, 24995, 24636, 44, 24586, 24591, 79, 26277, 26572, 18, 25594, 24665, 29848, 69, 25926, 25360, 24595, 25281, 25691, 25575, 24596, 24635, 24649, 87, 24692, 26306, 25030, 24581, 29315, 25547, 24930, 16, 24844, 25425, 24852, 24660, 24597, 24702, 16, 24596, 25741, 24583, 24599, 24638, 24883, 18, 25594, 24686, 25705, 25765, 27607, 24704, 18, 26370, 26804, 26254, 24995, 24636, 26629, 25360, 25798, 25000, 24981, 29305, 24998, 12, 54, 11, 33, 44, 16, 54, 33, 24591, 79, 26277, 13, 24596, 72, 24675, 24998, 12, 54, 24596, 54, 11, 33, 24591, 79, 26277, 24874, 25558, 82, 27630, 24593, 25594, 24686, 26073, 24647, 29225, 24595, 25985, 24597, 24583, 25017, 24815, 24814, 24651, 24591, 24869, 26547, 87, 18, 24627, 29805, 24981, 83, 24586, 72, 24675, 24998, 24686, 25115, 26904, 24712, 24651, 87, 24694, 25394, 87, 29046, 24850, 16, 24763, 16, 24652, 24665, 24598, 24738, 24651, 24685, 24915, 24626, 16, 25301, 87, 24601, 24585, 39, 33, 39, 70, 25112, 18, 26222, 26506, 24626, 37, 25153, 25561, 26855, 26919, 24593, 87, 24694, 25394, 70, 24593, 12, 22, 17, 27809, 26277, 24607, 92, 26277, 13, 87, 29046, 24674, 24965, 71, 24581, 24688, 18, 25111, 24593, 24726, 76, 27152, 26066, 25137, 24594, 24585, 80, 25240, 25077, 26685, 24640, 24688, 16, 26537, 24783, 25039, 25043, 24593, 24594, 69, 25281, 25691, 24738, 24618, 24763, 24598, 26611, 87, 26771, 25043, 24581, 27706, 17, 27287, 24596, 25470, 25771, 17, 27287, 28891, 16, 26133, 25016, 24585, 25364, 37, 24582, 24674, 24612, 17, 51, 56, 87, 18, 24805, 24593, 24631, 24640, 25132, 24581, 24682, 24598, 24593, 24914, 24601, 24839, 27635, 24619, 24635, 24649, 87, 24921, 26443, 24585, 25043, 24595, 24869, 17, 25281, 25691, 25575, 16, 24596, 24598, 24808, 69, 27242, 28697, 24595, 69, 25657, 24797, 17, 29491, 73, 26591, 24668, 25233, 25260, 27827, 24952, 24715, 24630, 24810, 93, 24606, 24663, 24734, 29491, 24589, 18, 24838, 24800, 24602, 24597, 25281, 25691, 25575, 55, 29046, 29602, 24616, 27046 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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3578693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraeylemaborg	Fraeylemaborg	The Fraeylemaborg () is a borg in the village of Slochteren in the Netherlands. At present the Fraeylemaborg is a historic house museum. The museum had in 2013. Building history Fraeylemaborg is the most important of the borgen in the province of Groningen. These strong houses or keeps were built in the Middle Ages to store harvests and to protect their produce from robbers. Besides churches, these structures were the only buildings that used durable stone and masonry. In due time they grew to become centres of power and wealth. The Fraeylemaborg is located in the middle of the town of Slochteren which upon its discovery in 1959 gave its name to the largest gasfield in the world. In 1475 there was already a farm with the name Frealemaheerd. In the archives of 1504 the name is found of one Remmer Fraeylema. The building originates from the 16th century. The left wing was built in the 17th century. In 1680 the borg was sold by Evert Rengers, son of the former lord of the manor, because of his family debts. It was bought by Henric Piccardt (married to Anna Elizabeth Rengers, Evert's sister), who borrowed the necessary funds from Stadtholder William III. Piccardt extensively rebuilt the borg and he also landscaped a huge formal garden in the style of Louis XIV's France. After Piccardt's death the borg fell into disrepair. In 1781 the Fraeylemaborg was sold to Hendrik de Sandra Veldman. He rebuilt it into the shape it has today. Among his innovations was the removal of two towers which had graced the front square. Garden Administration Marjon Edzes-Posthumus is the museum director and Henny van Harten-Boers is the curator of the Fraeylemaborg. In the period 2006–2014, the museum had between 26,245 and per year. The museum had in 2014. It is one of the most-visited museums in the province of Groningen. The Fraeylemaborg is a member of Museumhuis Groningen (Groningen Museum House), which is an umbrella organization for museums and heritage institutions in the province of Groningen. References Kalkwiek, K.A., A.I.J.M. Schellart, H.P.H. Jansen & P.W. Geudeke, Atlas van de Nederlandse kastelen, Alphen aan den Rijn 1980 () Helsdingen, H.W. van, Gids voor de Nederlandse kastelen en buitenplaatsen, Amsterdam 1966 Tromp, H.M.J., Kijk op kastelen Amsterdam 1979 () Battjes, Jan, & Ladrak, Hans, De toren uit het midden. Bouwhistorie en ontwerpmethodiek van de Fraeylemaborg en het Slochterbos, Groningen: Monnier 2010 () External links Historic house museums in the Netherlands Borgs in Groningen (province) Museums in Groningen (province) Rijksmonuments in Groningen (province) Midden-Groningen	[ "The", "F", "ra", "e", "yle", "m", "abor", "g", "()", "is", "a", "bor", "g", "in", "the", "village", "of", "S", "lo", "ch", "ter", "en", "in", "the", "Netherlands", ".", "At", "present", "the", "F", "ra", "e", "yle", "m", "abor", "g", "is", "a", "historic", "house", "museum", ".", "The", "museum", "had", "in", "2013", ".", "Build", "ing", "history", "F", "ra", "e", "yle", "m", "abor", "g", "is", "the", "most", "important", "of", "the", "bor", "gen", "in", "the", "province", "of", "Gr", "on", "ing", "en", ".", "These", "strong", "houses", "or", "keep", "s", "were", "built", "in", "the", "Middle", "A", "ges", "to", "store", "har", "v", "ests", "and", "to", "prote", "ct", "their", "produce", "from", "ro", "bb", 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7823601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo%20Alvarado%20Monz%C3%B3n	Bernardo Alvarado Monzón	Bernardo Alvarado Monzón (8 November 1925 – ) was a Guatemalan communist leader. He led the clandestine Guatemalan Party of Labour (PGT), and became its general secretary. Under Alvarado's leadership the party adopted the line of "Popular Revolutionary War." Alvarado was captured by state forces on 26 September 1972 in Guatemala City. He was killed soon thereafter. References 1925 births 1972 deaths Guatemalan Party of Labour politicians Guatemalan people who died in prison custody Prisoners who died in Guatemalan detention	[ "Bern", "ard", "o", "Al", "var", "ado", "Mon", "z", "ón", "(", "8", "November", "1925", "–", ")", "was", "a", "Gu", "at", "em", "al", "an", "commun", "ist", "leader", ".", "He", "led", "the", "cl", "and", "est", "ine", "Gu", "at", "em", "al", "an", "Party", "of", "Labour", "(", "P", "G", "T", "),", "and", "became", "its", "general", "se", "cretary", ".", "Under", "Al", "var", "ado", "'", "s", "leadership", "the", "party", "adopted", "the", "line", "of", "\"", "Pop", "ular", "Revolution", "ary", "War", ".\"", "Al", "var", "ado", "was", "captured", "by", "state", "forces", "on", "26", "September", "1972", "in", "Gu", "at", "em", "ala", "City", ".", "He", "was", "killed", "soon", "there", "after", ".", "References", "1925", "births", "1972", "deaths", "Gu", "at", "em", "al", "an", "Party", "of", "Labour", "politicians", "Gu", "at", "em", "al", "an", "people", "who", "died", "in", "prison", "cus", "to", "dy", "Pr", "ison", "ers", "who", "died", "in", "Gu", "at", "em", "al", "an", "det", "ention" ]	[ 28128, 24695, 83, 24788, 25411, 26935, 25732, 94, 27161, 12, 28, 25406, 29091, 4992, 13, 24625, 69, 25409, 24590, 24635, 24591, 24583, 25480, 24641, 27406, 18, 24736, 25121, 24585, 24691, 24596, 24655, 24734, 25409, 24590, 24635, 24591, 24583, 25970, 24595, 29982, 12, 52, 43, 56, 24758, 24596, 25244, 24783, 26139, 24620, 27265, 18, 27245, 24788, 25411, 26935, 11, 87, 29526, 24585, 26460, 29558, 24585, 25315, 24595, 6, 26695, 25119, 28819, 24713, 25209, 25215, 24788, 25411, 26935, 24625, 29181, 24647, 25338, 27087, 24584, 25552, 25322, 27071, 24581, 25409, 24590, 24635, 27084, 25440, 18, 24736, 24625, 26959, 27778, 25201, 24942, 18, 24838, 29091, 25393, 27071, 25989, 25409, 24590, 24635, 24591, 24583, 25970, 24595, 29982, 27901, 25409, 24590, 24635, 24591, 24583, 24941, 24831, 25727, 24581, 26990, 26722, 24601, 27312, 24891, 25670, 24629, 24831, 25727, 24581, 25409, 24590, 24635, 24591, 24583, 26364, 27330 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
51884501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20law%20enforcement%20agencies%20in%20South%20Africa	List of law enforcement agencies in South Africa	This is a list of agencies in law enforcement in South Africa, both past and present. It does not include the military police branches of the defence forces. Pre-Union (1652–1910) Cape of Good Hope Fiscal's law enforcement officers (1652–1840) – Responsible for law and order in Cape Town. Night Watch (1686-1840) — Responsible for patrolling the streets of Cape Town at night. Magistrates' law enforcement officers (1686–1848) – Responsible forenforcement in the rural districts. Each district's magistrate had his own "officers of justice". Police Office (1825–40) – Established in 1825 to co-ordinate the fiscal's law enforcement officers and the Night Watch in Cape Town. It was replaced by the Town Police in 1840. Cape Peninsula Urban Police (1840–1913) – Established in 1840 as the Town Police, and modelled on the London Metropolitan Police. – It replaced the Police Office. The force was renamed 'City Police' when it was placed under the control of the Cape Police in 1882. Together with the rural police of the neighbouring districts, it became the 'Cape Peninsula Urban Police District' in 1904. The force was taken over by the South African Police in 1913. Rural Police (1848–1913) – Replaced the magistrates' law enforcement officers. Each district had a chief constable and a small police force, under overall direction of the resident magistrate. Frontier Force of Rural Police (1850-?) Armed and Mounted Police (1853–55) Frontier Armed and Mounted Police (1855–78) Dock and Harbour Police (1860–1913) — Established in 1860 as the 'Water Police', to maintain law and order in Table Bay harbour. It was renamed 'Dock and Harbour Police' in 1882, and incorporated into Cape Police District 3 in 1901. Northern Border Police (1868–73 and 1879–84) — Responsible for law and order in the districts along the Orange River, which formed the colony's northern border at that time. Cape Government Railways Police — The Cape Government Railways employed law enforcement officials. Cape Mounted Police (1882-1913) — A para-military force established in 1882 as the 'Cape Police'. It was renamed 'Cape Mounted Police' in 1904, and transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. Detective Department (1882-1913) — Established to suppress diamond-smuggling on the Griqualand West diamond fields. Natal Borough police (1854-1936) Water Police Railways Police Natal Mounted Police (1874–94) Natal Police (1894-1913) Orange Free State Rydende Dienst Macht [Mounted Police Force] (1889-1902) South African Constabulary (1900–08) Orange Free State Police (1908–13) — A para-military force established by the colonial government in 1908 as the 'Orange River Colony Police' to replace the imperial South African Constabulary. It was renamed when the colony reverted to its former name in 1910, and was transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. South African Republic / Transvaal Rydende Politie [Mounted Police] (1881–86) Rydende Artillerie en Politie Korps [Mounted Artillery and Police Corps] (1886–96) Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek Politie South African Republic Police (1896-1902) South African Constabulary (1900–08) Transvaal Town Police (1901–08) — Established by the British occupation authorities to maintain law and order in Pretoria and Johannesburg. It was superseded by the Transvaal Police in 1908. Transvaal Police (1908–13) — A para-military force established by the colonial government in 1908, to replace the imperial South African Constabulary and the Transvaal Town Police. It was transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. Griqualand West Griqualand Constabulary (1872–74) Griqualand Mounted Police (1873–74) Griqualand West Police (1874–83) Border Police. Zululand Zululand Police (1883–98). British Bechuanaland Bechuanaland Mounted Police (1884–85) Bechuanaland Border Police (1885–95). South Africa (1910-1994) South African Police (1913–94) South African Railways Police Force (1916–86). Homelands (1976-1994) Transkei Transkei Police (1976–94). Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana Police (1977–94) Venda Venda National Force (1979–85) Venda Police (1985–94). KwaZulu KwaZulu Police (1980–94). Ciskei Ciskei Police (1981–94). Gazankulu Gazankulu Police (1982–94). QwaQwa QwaQwa Police (1983–94). Lebowa Lebowa Police (1984–95). KaNgwane KaNgwane Police (1986–94). KwaNdebele KwaNdebele Police (1987–94). South Africa (1994- ) South African Police Service (1994- ) Municipal/Metropolitan Police Service (1998- ) Hawks ( Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation/SAPS) - 2009 References Lists of law enforcement agencies	[ "This", "is", "a", "list", "of", "ag", "encies", "in", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "in", "South", "Africa", ",", "both", "past", "and", "present", ".", "It", "does", "not", "include", "the", "military", "police", "b", "ran", "ches", "of", "the", "def", "ence", "forces", ".", "Pre", "-", "Union", "(", "16", "52", "–", "1910", ")", "Cape", "of", "Good", "H", "ope", "F", "is", "cal", "'", "s", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "officers", "(", "16", "52", "–", "18", "40", ")", "–", "Res", "p", "ons", "ible", "for", "law", "and", "order", "in", "Cape", "Town", ".", "Night", "W", "atch", "(", "16", "86", "-", "18", "40", ")", "—", "Res", "p", "ons", "ible", "for", "pat", "roll", "ing", "the", "stre", "ets", "of", "Cape", "Town", "at", "night", ".", "Mag", "istr", "ates", "'", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "officers", "(", "16", "86", "–", "184", "8", ")", "–", "Res", "p", "ons", "ible", "for", "en", "for", "cement", "in", "the", "rural", "districts", ".", "Each", "district", "'", "s", "mag", "istr", "ate", "had", "his", "own", "\"", "officers", "of", "just", "ice", "\".", "Police", "Office", "(", "18", "25", "–", "40", ")", "–", "Est", "ab", "lished", "in", "18", "25", "to", "co", "-", "ordin", "ate", "the", "f", "is", "cal", "'", "s", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "officers", "and", "the", "Night", "W", "atch", "in", "Cape", "Town", ".", "It", "was", "replaced", "by", "the", "Town", "Police", "in", "18", "40", ".", "Cape", "Pen", "ins", "ula", "Ur", "ban", "Police", "(", "18", "40", "–", "1913", ")", "–", "Est", "ab", "lished", "in", "18", "40", "as", "the", "Town", "Police", ",", "and", "mod", "elled", "on", "the", "London", "Metro", "politan", "Police", ".", "–", "It", "replaced", "the", "Police", "Office", ".", "The", "force", "was", "renamed", "'", "City", "Police", "'", "when", "it", "was", "placed", "under", "the", "control", "of", "the", "Cape", "Police", "in", "188", "2", ".", "To", "gether", "with", "the", "rural", "police", "of", "the", "neigh", "bour", "ing", "districts", ",", "it", "became", "the", "'", "Cape", "Pen", "ins", "ula", "Ur", "ban", "Police", "District", "'", "in", "190", "4", ".", "The", "force", "was", "taken", "over", "by", "the", "South", "African", "Police", "in", "1913", ".", "R", "ural", "Police", "(", "184", "8", "–", "1913", ")", "–", "Re", "placed", "the", "mag", "istr", "ates", "'", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "officers", ".", "Each", "district", "had", "a", "chief", "con", "st", "able", "and", "a", "small", "police", "force", ",", "under", "overall", "direction", "of", "the", "resident", "mag", "istr", "ate", ".", "Fr", "ont", "ier", "Force", "of", "R", "ural", "Police", "(", "18", "50", "-", "?", ")", "Ar", "med", "and", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "185", "3", "–", "55", ")", "Fr", "ont", "ier", "Ar", "med", "and", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "185", "5", "–", "78", ")", "D", "ock", "and", "Har", "bour", "Police", "(", "186", "0", "–", "1913", ")", "—", "Est", "ab", "lished", "in", "186", "0", "as", "the", "'", "Water", "Police", "',", "to", "maintain", "law", "and", "order", "in", "T", "able", "Bay", "har", "bour", ".", "It", "was", "renamed", "'", "D", "ock", "and", "Har", "bour", "Police", "'", "in", "188", "2", ",", "and", "incorporated", "into", "Cape", "Police", "District", "3", "in", "190", "1", ".", "Northern", "B", "order", "Police", "(", "186", "8", "–", "7", "3", "and", "187", "9", "–", "84", ")", "—", "Res", "p", "ons", "ible", "for", "law", "and", "order", "in", "the", "districts", "along", "the", "O", "range", "River", ",", "which", "formed", "the", "col", "ony", "'", "s", "northern", "border", "at", "that", "time", ".", "Cape", "Government", "Rail", "ways", "Police", "—", "The", "Cape", "Government", "Rail", "ways", "employ", "ed", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "officials", ".", "Cape", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "188", "2", "-", "1913", ")", "—", "A", "par", "a", "-", "military", "force", "established", "in", "188", "2", "as", "the", "'", "Cape", "Police", "'", ".", "It", "was", "renamed", "'", "Cape", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "'", "in", "190", "4", ",", "and", "transferred", "to", "the", "Union", "Def", "ence", "For", "ces", "in", "1913", ".", "Det", "e", "ctive", "Department", "(", "188", "2", "-", "1913", ")", "—", "Est", "ab", "lished", "to", "sup", "press", "d", "iam", "ond", "-", "sm", "ugg", "ling", "on", "the", "Gr", "i", "qu", "aland", "West", "d", "iam", "ond", "fields", ".", "N", "atal", "Bor", "ough", "police", "(", "185", "4", "-", "1936", ")", "Water", "Police", "Rail", "ways", "Police", "N", "atal", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "187", "4", "–", "9", "4", ")", "N", "atal", "Police", "(", "189", "4", "-", "1913", ")", "O", "range", "Free", "State", "R", "y", "den", "de", "D", "ien", "st", "M", "ach", "t", "[", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "Force", "]", "(", "188", "9", "-", "190", "2", ")", "South", "African", "Con", "st", "ab", "ul", "ary", "(", "1900", "–", "08", ")", "O", "range", "Free", "State", "Police", "(", "1908", "–", "13", ")", "—", "A", "par", "a", "-", "military", "force", "established", "by", "the", "colon", "ial", "government", "in", "1908", "as", "the", "'", "O", "range", "River", "Col", "ony", "Police", "'", "to", "re", "place", "the", "im", "perial", "South", "African", "Con", "st", "ab", "ul", "ary", ".", "It", "was", "renamed", "when", "the", "col", "ony", "re", "ver", "ted", "to", "its", "former", "name", "in", "1910", ",", "and", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Union", "Def", "ence", "For", "ces", "in", "1913", ".", "South", "African", "Republic", "/", "Trans", "va", "al", "R", "y", "den", "de", "Polit", "ie", "[", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "]", "(", "188", "1", "–", "86", ")", "R", "y", "den", "de", "Art", "iller", "ie", "en", "Polit", "ie", "K", "or", "ps", "[", "Moun", "ted", "Art", "illery", "and", "Police", "Corps", "]", "(", "188", "6", "–", "9", "6", ")", "Z", "u", "id", "Afr", "ika", "ans", "che", "Re", "publ", "ie", "k", "Polit", "ie", "South", "African", "Republic", "Police", "(", "189", "6", "-", "190", "2", ")", "South", "African", "Con", "st", "ab", "ul", "ary", "(", "1900", "–", "08", ")", "Trans", "va", "al", "Town", "Police", "(", "190", "1", "–", "08", ")", "—", "Est", "ab", "lished", "by", "the", "British", "occup", "ation", "authorities", "to", "maintain", "law", "and", "order", "in", "P", "ret", "or", "ia", "and", "Joh", "ann", "es", "burg", ".", "It", "was", "sup", "ers", "ed", "ed", "by", "the", "Trans", "va", "al", "Police", "in", "1908", ".", "Trans", "va", "al", "Police", "(", "1908", "–", "13", ")", "—", "A", "par", "a", "-", "military", "force", "established", "by", "the", "colon", "ial", "government", "in", "1908", ",", "to", "re", "place", "the", "im", "perial", "South", "African", "Con", "st", "ab", "ul", "ary", "and", "the", "Trans", "va", "al", "Town", "Police", ".", "It", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Union", "Def", "ence", "For", "ces", "in", "1913", ".", "Gr", "i", "qu", "aland", "West", "Gr", "i", "qu", "aland", "Con", "st", "ab", "ul", "ary", "(", "187", "2", "–", "74", ")", "Gr", "i", "qu", "aland", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "187", "3", "–", "74", ")", "Gr", "i", "qu", "aland", "West", "Police", "(", "187", "4", "–", "83", ")", "B", "order", "Police", ".", "Z", "ul", "ul", "and", "Z", "ul", "ul", "and", "Police", "(", "188", "3", "–", "98", ").", "British", "Be", "ch", "uan", "aland", "Be", "ch", "uan", "aland", "Moun", "ted", "Police", "(", "188", "4", "–", "85", ")", "Be", "ch", "uan", "aland", "B", "order", "Police", "(", "188", "5", "–", "95", ").", "South", "Africa", "(", "1910", "-", "1994", ")", "South", "African", "Police", "(", "1913", "–", "9", "4", ")", "South", "African", "Rail", "ways", "Police", "Force", "(", "1916", "–", "86", ").", "H", "om", "el", "ands", "(", "1976", "-", "1994", ")", "Trans", "ke", "i", "Trans", "ke", "i", "Police", "(", "1976", "–", "9", "4", ").", "B", "oph", "u", "that", "sw", "ana", "B", "oph", "u", "that", "sw", "ana", "Police", "(", "1977", "–", "9", "4", ")", "V", "end", "a", "V", "end", "a", "National", "Force", "(", "1979", "–", "85", ")", "V", "end", "a", "Police", "(", "1985", "–", "9", "4", ").", "K", "wa", "Z", "ul", "u", "K", "wa", "Z", "ul", "u", "Police", "(", "1980", "–", "9", "4", ").", "C", "is", "ke", "i", "C", "is", "ke", "i", "Police", "(", "1981", "–", "9", "4", ").", "G", "az", "ank", "ul", "u", "G", "az", "ank", "ul", "u", "Police", "(", "1982", "–", "9", "4", ").", "Q", "wa", "Q", "wa", "Q", "wa", "Q", "wa", "Police", "(", "1983", "–", "9", "4", ").", "Le", "bow", "a", "Le", "bow", "a", "Police", "(", "1984", "–", "95", ").", "Ka", "N", "g", "w", "ane", "Ka", "N", "g", "w", "ane", "Police", "(", "1986", "–", "9", "4", ").", "K", "wa", "N", "de", "be", "le", "K", "wa", "N", "de", "be", "le", "Police", "(", "1987", "–", "9", "4", ").", "South", "Africa", "(", "1994", "-", ")", "South", "African", "Police", "Service", "(", "1994", "-", ")", "Municip", "al", "/", "Metro", "politan", "Police", "Service", "(", "1998", "-", ")", "Haw", "ks", "(", "Director", "ate", "for", "Pr", "ior", "ity", "Cr", "ime", "In", "vest", "ig", "ation", "/", "SA", "PS", ")", "-", "2009", "References", "L", "ists", "of", "law", "en", "for", "cement", "ag", "encies" ]	[ 25111, 24593, 69, 25432, 24595, 24638, 28559, 24581, 25539, 24587, 24618, 29534, 24581, 25236, 26665, 16, 25379, 27332, 24596, 25126, 18, 24805, 26839, 24809, 25915, 24585, 26280, 27135, 70, 24771, 26456, 24595, 24585, 25808, 24881, 27087, 18, 27058, 17, 26275, 12, 25009, 28774, 4992, 28860, 13, 29694, 24595, 28038, 44, 25226, 42, 24593, 26775, 11, 87, 25539, 24587, 24618, 29534, 28264, 12, 25009, 28774, 4992, 24722, 25929, 13, 4992, 25618, 84, 25285, 25569, 24618, 25539, 24596, 25683, 24581, 29694, 26278, 18, 28360, 59, 25229, 12, 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69836236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joakim%20Berner	Joakim Berner	Joakim Berner (born 21 November 1957) is a Finnish former professional tennis player. Berner's family runs the Finnish conglomerate Berner Oy, founded by his great-grandfather. His father Erik, who served as CEO of the company, was also involved in tennis and captained the Finland Davis Cup team. Active on tour in the 1980s, Berner featured in qualifying at Wimbledon and made two doubles finals on the ATP Challenger Tour. He was a doubles quarter-finalist at the 1986 Swedish Open. Berner, a Davis Cup player in 1980 and 1981, served as the team's captain from 2005 to 2007. ATP Challenger finals Doubles: 2 (0–2) References External links 1957 births Living people Finnish male tennis players Sportspeople from Helsinki	[ "Jo", "ak", "im", "Bern", "er", "(", "born", "21", "November", "1957", ")", "is", "a", "Finn", "ish", "former", "professional", "ten", "nis", "player", ".", "Bern", "er", "'", "s", "family", "runs", "the", "Finn", "ish", "con", "gl", "omer", "ate", "Bern", "er", "O", "y", ",", "founded", "by", "his", "great", "-", "grand", "father", ".", "His", "father", "Er", "ik", ",", "who", "served", "as", "CE", "O", "of", "the", "company", ",", "was", "also", "involved", "in", "ten", "nis", "and", "cap", "tained", "the", "Fin", "land", "Davis", "Cup", "team", ".", "Act", "ive", "on", "tour", "in", "the", "1980s", ",", "Bern", "er", "featured", "in", "qual", "ifying", "at", "W", "imb", "led", "on", "and", "made", "two", "dou", "bles", "finals", "on", "the", "AT", "P", "Ch", "all", "enger", "Tour", ".", "He", "was", "a", "dou", "bles", "quarter", "-", "final", "ist", "at", "the", "1986", "Swedish", "Open", ".", "Bern", "er", ",", "a", "Davis", "Cup", "player", "in", "1980", "and", "1981", ",", "served", "as", "the", "team", "'", "s", "captain", "from", "2005", "to", "2007", ".", "AT", "P", "Ch", "all", "enger", "finals", "Dou", "bles", ":", "2", "(", "0", "–", "2", ")", "References", "External", "links", "1957", "births", "Living", "people", "Finn", "ish", "male", "ten", "nis", "players", "Sportspeople", "from", "H", "els", "ink", "i" ]	[ 24934, 24700, 24634, 28128, 24582, 12, 25049, 25004, 25406, 27954, 13, 24593, 69, 29785, 24679, 25346, 26350, 25026, 28943, 25811, 18, 28128, 24582, 11, 87, 25334, 27690, 24585, 29785, 24679, 24652, 25722, 28216, 24688, 28128, 24582, 51, 93, 16, 26409, 24647, 24684, 26432, 17, 27254, 25919, 18, 25496, 25919, 26509, 25054, 16, 24831, 25612, 24594, 27644, 51, 24595, 24585, 25684, 16, 24625, 24762, 27186, 24581, 25026, 28943, 24596, 25238, 27067, 24585, 25975, 24775, 29259, 25782, 25036, 18, 25928, 24723, 24584, 26616, 24581, 24585, 28210, 16, 28128, 24582, 27104, 24581, 26597, 28421, 24590, 59, 29308, 25121, 24584, 24596, 25167, 24907, 26987, 29566, 28373, 24584, 24585, 28105, 52, 24698, 24663, 28508, 26563, 18, 24736, 24625, 69, 26987, 29566, 27549, 17, 25738, 24641, 24590, 24585, 26801, 28165, 27656, 18, 28128, 24582, 16, 69, 29259, 25782, 25811, 24581, 26890, 24596, 27073, 16, 25612, 24594, 24585, 25036, 11, 87, 29279, 24672, 25710, 24601, 25557, 18, 28105, 52, 24698, 24663, 28508, 28373, 27322, 29566, 30, 22, 12, 20, 4992, 22, 13, 24838, 25065, 25051, 27954, 25393, 25766, 24941, 29785, 24679, 25985, 25026, 28943, 25053, 29729, 24672, 44, 25354, 26224, 77 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
51034817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvia%20gens	Helvia gens	The gens Helvia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. This gens is first mentioned at the time of the Second Punic War, but the only member of the family to hold any curule magistracy under the Republic was Gaius Helvius, praetor in BC 198. Soon afterward, the family slipped into obscurity, from which it was redeemed by the emperor Pertinax, nearly four centuries later. Praenomina The Helvii of the Republic are known to have used the praenomina Gnaeus, Gaius, and Marcus. In imperial times we also find Lucius and Publius. All of these were amongst the most common praenomina throughout all periods of Roman history. Branches and cognomina The surnames of the Helvii under the Republic included Blasio, Cinna, and Mancia, but several of the family appear without a cognomen. Under the Empire, a number of Helvii are found with the surname Rufus, but it is not apparent whether they constituted a distinct family of the Helvia gens. Members Gnaeus Helvius, a military tribune who was slain in battle against the Gauls and Carthaginians near Mediolanum in 203 BC. Gaius Helvius, praetor in BC 198, with Cato the Elder, his colleague as plebeian aedile the previous year. He accompanied the consul Sextus Aelius Paetus into Cisalpine Gaul, and received command of one of the consul's armies. Nine years later, in 189, he was legate to the consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso in Galatia. Marcus Helvius Blasio, plebeian aedile in BC 198, and praetor in 197, assigned the province of Hispania Ulterior. On his return home in 195, he was attacked by an army of 20,000 Celtiberi near the town of Illiturgi in Hispania Citerior; his guard of 6,000 defeated the Celtiberi and took the town. He was awarded an ovation, and in 194 was one of the commissioners for founding the colony of Sipontum in Apulia. Helvius Mancia, an orator of some cleverness, whose poor appearance was mocked by either Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo, with whom he was engaged in a lawsuit, or (according to Pliny), by Lucius Licinius Crassus, the orator, about 90 BC. Helvius Blasio, a friend of Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, for whom he tried to set an example by taking his own life, when Brutus was captured by his enemies. Gaius Helvius Cinna, a celebrated poet, friend of Catullus, and tribune of the plebs in 44 BC. He was lynched at Julius Caesar's funeral after being mistaken, on account of his name, for the praetor Lucius Cornelius Cinna, who had just delivered an incendiary speech in support of the dictator's assassins. Marcus Helvius Rufus, a soldier who was recognized for his bravery in battle against Tacfarinas. He might be the same person as Marcus Helvius Rufus Civica. Marcus Helvius M. f. Rufus Civica, a centurion , named in a dedicatory inscription from Varia in Latium, dating from the reign of Tiberius. Helvia, the wife of Seneca the Elder, and mother of Seneca the Younger. Marcus Helvius Geminus, raised to the patriciate by Claudius, was governor of Macedonia, and proconsular legate of Asia. Lucius Helvius Agrippa, proconsular governor of Sardinia from AD 68 to 69. Helvia Procula, the wife of Gaius Dillius Vocula, commander of the twenty-second legion. When her husband was slain during the Batavian rebellion in AD 70, Helvia dedicated a monument at Rome commemorating his military and political career. Gnaeus Helvius Sabinus, a candidate for aedile of Pompeii shortly before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Over one hundred notices for his election have been found. Helvius Successus, father of the emperor Pertinax, was a freedman, who worked as a wool merchant and charcoal-burner at Alba Pompeia. Marcus Helvius Clemens Dextrianus, equestrian governor of Raetia during the reign of Commodus. Publius Helvius Pertinax, emperor from January to March, AD 193. After an illustrious military and political career, he was proclaimed emperor following the murder of Commodus, and embarked upon a series of reforms; but in his haste he quickly made enemies, and was soon dispatched by the Praetorian Guard. See also List of Roman gentes References Bibliography Polybius, Historiae (The Histories). Fasti Triumphales. Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Oratore. Gaius Valerius Catullus Carmina. Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita (History of Rome). Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Ibis. Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings). Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger), De Consolatione ad Helviam. Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales. Plutarchus, Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Naturalis Historia (Natural History). Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bellum Civile (The Civil War). Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian), Institutio Oratoria. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Suetonius), De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars). Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith (ed.), John Murray, London (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952). Edward Courtney (ed.), [ The Fragmentary Latin Poets], Oxford University Press (1993), . Alison E. Cooley and M.G.L. Cooley, Pompeii and Herculaneum: A Sourcebook, 2nd ed., Routledge, London (2014). 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10267299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Gamble%20%28netcaster%29	Kevin Gamble (netcaster)	Kevin Gamble (born 14 June 1973) is a filmmaker, animation producer, and co-creator/co-star of the internet podcast Tiki Bar TV, in which he plays the role of Johnny Johnny the bartender. On October 14, 2005, during the Macworld 2005 Keynote presentation (which introduced the new iPod with Video) Steve Jobs showcased Tiki Bar TV to the audience as an example of a "Video Podcast" (which, at that point in time, was a relatively new media format) as something that could be loaded onto the new video iPod using Apple's proprietary iTunes software for no charge. The next day, Tiki Bar TV moved to the #1 slot in the iTunes Podcast charts, and as such Tiki Bar TV was one of the first user generated programs to gain worldwide popularity via the iTunes distribution model. Additionally, the still from Tiki Bar TV (specifically, Kevin's image) appeared on the front webpage of Apple.com, and was composited inside of a Video iPod). For approximately one month, Kevin's image remained on the Apple homepage next to pictures of iPods featuring U2's Bono, ABC's Lost and a picture of an audio book of Harry Potter. Kevin's press mentions & appearances include Wired Magazine, The National Post, Tilzy, Epic-Fu and Tubefilter. Television mentions & appearances include CBC, CTV, G4 Tech TV(Canada) and CBS News and NBC News (United States). In addition to his work in the new media & podcasting space, Kevin actively works in the children's television & animation arena. He has been the Producer of several Television Series and TV Specials including "Max Steel", "The Scary Godmother Halloween Spooktakular", "George of the Jungle" and "Casper's Scare School". His DVD animated feature credits as Producer include "Kung Fu Magoo" and several of the popular "Veggietales" series (including the most recent DVD in the "Minnesota Cuke" line, which parody the Indiana Jones movie franchise). In November 2009, he was named VP of Development for Disney Television Animation. On January 27, 2008, Kevin saved a woman who had fallen on the track of a New York City Subway station by lifting her back onto the platform and performing first aid. On January 30, 2016, Kevin was seen successfully performing the Heimlich maneuver on an unknown woman in downtown Vancouver restaurant, Gyu Kaku. The woman recovered fully and the pair continued their dinner. He currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. Panels, Presentations, Conferences Vidfest Digital Expo 2006, panel; "Tiki Bar TV" Macworld 2007, panel; "Tiki Bar TV serves Podcasting Secrets" Pittsburg Podcamp 2007; guest of honor DivX presents Tiki Bar TV at Stage6, presentation; Consumer Electronics Show 2007 Vidgest Digital Expo 2007, panel; "Convergence: Maintaining IP Integrity Across Platforms" San Diego Comic-Con 2007, panel; "Pitching your animated series idea" San Diego Comic-Con 2007, panel; "Masters of Podcasting" NYC Podcamp 2008, presentation; "Behind the Scenes of Tiki Bar TV" References External links Official biography "Doctor! I need a triple" National Post Article Tiki Bar TV Official Site Kevin's "day job" Site DJ Site 1973 births Living people American filmmakers American podcasters Animation producers People from Vancouver	[ "K", "ev", "in", "G", "am", "ble", "(", "born", "14", "June", "1973", ")", "is", "a", "film", "m", "aker", ",", "anim", "ation", "producer", ",", "and", "co", "-", "cre", "ator", "/", "co", "-", "star", "of", "the", "in", "ternet", "p", "od", "cast", "T", "ik", "i", "Bar", "TV", ",", "in", "which", "he", "plays", "the", "role", "of", "John", "ny", "John", "ny", "the", "b", "art", "ender", ".", "On", "October", "14", ",", "2005", ",", "during", "the", "Mac", "world", "2005", "Ke", "y", "note", "present", "ation", "(", "which", "introduced", "the", "new", "i", "P", "od", "with", "Video", ")", "Steve", "J", "ob", "s", "show", "c", "ased", "T", "ik", "i", "Bar", "TV", "to", "the", "aud", "ience", "as", "an", "example", "of", "a", "\"", "Video", "P", "od", "cast", "\"", "(", "which", ",", 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38151564	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C5-diamino-6-%28ribosylamino%29-4%283H%29-pyrimidinone%205%27-phosphate%20reductase	2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase	2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase (, 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase, MjaRED, MJ0671 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + NAD(P)+ 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + NAD(P)H + H+ The reaction proceeds in the opposite direction. A step in riboflavin biosynthesis, NADPH and NADH functions equally well as a reductant. References External links EC 1.1.1	[ "2", ",", "5", "-", "d", "iam", "ino", "-", "6", "-", "(", "r", "ib", "os", "yl", "am", "ino", ")", "-", "4", "(", "3", "H", ")", "-", "p", "yr", "im", "id", "in", "one", "5", "'", "-", "ph", "os", "ph", "ate", "redu", "ct", "ase", "(,", "2", ",", "5", "-", "d", "iam", "ino", "-", "6", "-", "r", "ib", "os", "yl", "am", "ino", "-", "4", "(", "3", "H", ")", "-", "p", "yr", "im", "id", "in", "one", "5", "'", "-", "ph", "os", "ph", "ate", "redu", "ct", "ase", ",", "M", "ja", "R", "E", "D", ",", "M", "J", "0", "67", "1", "(", "gen", "e", ")", ")", "is", "an", "en", "zy", "me", "with", "system", "atic", "name", "2", ",", "5", "-", "d", "iam", "ino", "-", "6", "-", "(", "5", "-", "ph", "os", "ph", "o", "-", "D", "-", "r", "ib", "os", "yl", "am", "ino", ")", "p", "yr", "im", "id", "in", "-", "4", "(", "3", "H", ")", "-", "one", ":", "NA", "D", "(", "P", ")", "+", "ox", "id", "ored", "u", "ct", "ase", ".", "This", "en", "zy", "me", "c", "atal", "ys", "es", "the", "following", "chem", "ical", "re", "action", "2", ",", "5", "-", "d", "iam", "ino", "-", "6", "-", "(", "5", "-", "ph", "os", "ph", "o", "-", "D", "-", "r", "ib", "ity", "lam", "ino", ")", "p", "yr", "im", "id", "in", "-", "4", "(", "3", "H", ")", "-", "one", "+", "NA", "D", "(", "P", ")", "+", "2", ",", "5", "-", "d", "iam", "ino", "-", "6", "-", "(", "5", "-", "ph", "os", "ph", "o", "-", "D", "-", "r", "ib", "os", "yl", "am", "ino", ")", "p", "yr", "im", "id", "in", "-", "4", "(", "3", "H", ")", "-", "one", "+", "NA", "D", "(", "P", ")", "H", "+", "H", "+", "The", "re", "action", "pro", "ce", "eds", "in", "the", "op", "pos", "ite", "direction", ".", "A", "step", "in", "r", "ib", "of", "lav", "in", "bi", "os", "yn", "thes", "is", ",", "NA", "D", "P", "H", "and", "NA", "D", "H", "fun", "ctions", "equ", "ally", "well", "as", "a", "redu", "ct", "ant", ".", "References", "External", "links", "EC", "1", ".", "1", ".", "1" ]	[ 22, 16, 25, 17, 72, 25377, 26093, 17, 26, 17, 12, 86, 24751, 24674, 26277, 24611, 26093, 13, 17, 24, 12, 23, 44, 13, 17, 84, 26614, 24634, 24630, 24581, 24748, 25, 11, 17, 24844, 24674, 24844, 24688, 27275, 24637, 24963, 29685, 22, 16, 25, 17, 72, 25377, 26093, 17, 26, 17, 86, 24751, 24674, 26277, 24611, 26093, 17, 24, 12, 23, 44, 13, 17, 84, 26614, 24634, 24630, 24581, 24748, 25, 11, 17, 24844, 24674, 24844, 24688, 27275, 24637, 24963, 16, 49, 28267, 54, 41, 40, 16, 49, 46, 20, 29084, 21, 12, 24976, 73, 13, 13, 24593, 24583, 24587, 27953, 24885, 24651, 25490, 25677, 25364, 22, 16, 25, 17, 72, 25377, 26093, 17, 26, 17, 12, 25, 17, 24844, 24674, 24844, 83, 17, 40, 17, 86, 24751, 24674, 26277, 24611, 26093, 13, 84, 26614, 24634, 24630, 24581, 17, 24, 12, 23, 44, 13, 17, 24748, 30, 26468, 40, 12, 52, 13, 15, 26173, 24630, 25839, 89, 24637, 24963, 18, 25111, 24587, 27953, 24885, 71, 27293, 25312, 24589, 24585, 25528, 28647, 24757, 24600, 26146, 22, 16, 25, 17, 72, 25377, 26093, 17, 26, 17, 12, 25, 17, 24844, 24674, 24844, 83, 17, 40, 17, 86, 24751, 24683, 27432, 26093, 13, 84, 26614, 24634, 24630, 24581, 17, 24, 12, 23, 44, 13, 17, 24748, 15, 26468, 40, 12, 52, 13, 15, 22, 16, 25, 17, 72, 25377, 26093, 17, 26, 17, 12, 25, 17, 24844, 24674, 24844, 83, 17, 40, 17, 86, 24751, 24674, 26277, 24611, 26093, 13, 84, 26614, 24634, 24630, 24581, 17, 24, 12, 23, 44, 13, 17, 24748, 15, 26468, 40, 12, 52, 13, 44, 15, 44, 15, 24627, 24600, 26146, 24685, 24648, 26311, 24581, 24585, 24644, 24936, 24850, 29114, 18, 37, 28111, 24581, 86, 24751, 24595, 28289, 24581, 26381, 24674, 25828, 27630, 24593, 16, 26468, 40, 52, 44, 24596, 26468, 40, 44, 26053, 25509, 25999, 24904, 25173, 24594, 69, 27275, 24637, 24738, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 28733, 21, 18, 21, 18, 21 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
27373070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramaa%3A%20The%20Saviour	Ramaa: The Saviour	Ramaa: The Saviour is a 2010 Indian fantasy action adventure film produced by Paul London, written by Reshu Nath and directed by Hadi Ali Abrar. The film stars Sahil Khan, Dalip Singh Rana and Tanushree Dutta. Plot Komal and her brother Kunal; Sameer; and siblings of Riddhi, Rohan and Sanj (Zankhi Pabari) participate in a dance competition whose winner will be given the recently released video game "The Last Battle". They win the competition and are sent to the game room to play the game. But when they start playing the game, they are sucked into it and are stranded on a vast prehistoric island. They fend for themselves against wild animals and deadly gem-seekers until a wild-type man called Ramaa gives them food and shelter in his hut in the jungle and helps them leave the island by building a small boat for them. Shortly problems arise when Kunal is kidnapped by Kali, who is on the lookout for the power to rule the world with the help of three stones controlling the mind, body, and soul. Cast Sahil Khan as Ramaa Tanushree Dutta as Samara Dalip Singh Rana as Vali Meghan Jadhav as Rohan Ananya Shukla as Komal Ishita Panchal as Ridhi Arjun Nandwani as Sameer Koustuv Ghosh as Kunal Zankhi Pabari as Sanjh Soundtrack The music was composed by Siddharth-Suhas and released by Sony Music India. References External links 2010s Hindi-language films Indian fantasy action films Indian fantasy adventure films 2010s fantasy adventure films	[ "R", "ama", "a", ":", "The", "S", "avi", "our", "is", "a", "2010", "Indian", "f", "ant", "asy", "action", "ad", "venture", "film", "produced", "by", "Paul", "London", ",", "written", "by", "Res", "hu", "N", "ath", "and", "directed", "by", "H", "ad", "i", "Ali", "A", "br", "ar", ".", "The", "film", "stars", "S", "ah", "il", "Khan", ",", "D", "al", "ip", "Sing", "h", "R", "ana", "and", "Tan", "ush", "ree", "D", "ut", "ta", ".", "Pl", "ot", "K", "om", "al", "and", "her", "brother", "K", "un", "al", ";", "S", "ame", "er", ";", "and", "s", "ibl", "ings", "of", "R", "id", "d", "hi", ",", "Ro", "han", "and", "San", "j", "(", "Z", "ank", "hi", "P", "ab", "ari", ")", "particip", "ate", "in", "a", "dance", "competition", "whose", "winner", "will", "be", "given", "the", "recently", "released", "video", "game", "\"", "The", "L", "ast", "Battle", "\".", 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33089890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Ross%20%28photographer%29	Richard Ross (photographer)	Richard Ross is an American photographer. He is best known for his body of work Juvenile in Justice, which has documented the U.S. juvenile justice system for the last 8 years. The project has been produced with the support of the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. In 2007 Ross was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship to finish Architecture of Authority. His latest project, Girls in Justice, focuses on girls in juvenile detention and treatment in the U.S. and will be shown at the Figge Art Museum in Davenport, Iowa in January 2015. Published works Ross's first book, Museology, a photographic examination of museums and the display of art and historical objects, was published by Aperture Foundation in 1989 and features an introduction by Marcia Tucker, founder of the New Museum and former curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art, and an essay by David Mellor, art historian and curator. His second book, Gathering Light explores natural and artificial light and its intrinsic relationship to photography itself through photographs of objects and places from all over the world. The book featured an introduction by Dave Hickey, a prominent art and culture critic, and an essay by Eduardo Cadava, faculty in the Department of English at Princeton University. Published in 2004, Ross's third book, Waiting for the End of the World is compiled of photographs of bomb and other underground shelters the world over, including an underground city in Beijing, China. Michael Darling, chief curator at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, wrote about Waiting for the End of the World that "Ross's images of bomb shelters represent a crushing indictment of the current state of world affairs as well as a clarion call to action." The book features an interview with Richard Ross by Sarah Vowell, a New York Times best selling author. After Waiting for the End of the World Ross published three books compiling successful U.S. patent applications from the last century; Patently Ridiculous, Patently Erotic and Patently Christmas. The books were published by Plume. In 2007, with Aperture Foundation, Ross published Architecture of Authority. The book was included in Photo District News best books of 2007 and the accompanying exhibition was number 10 on the Artforum list of best shows of 2007. The book features an essay by John R. MacArthur, publisher of Harper's Magazine. Ross's first book covering the U.S. juvenile justice system, Juvenile in Justice, was published in 2012 with a foreword by Ira Glass and an essay by Bart Lubow. The nearly 150 images in the book were made over 5 years of visiting more than 1,000 youth confined in more than 200 juvenile institutions in 31 states. Exhibitions Solo exhibitions ACME, Los Angeles (Architecture of Authority) Aperture Gallery, New York (Architecture of Authority) National Building Museum, Washington D.C (Architecture of Authority) Orange County Museum of Art (Gathering Light) Santa Barbara Museum of Art (Gathering Light) Sonnenberg, Lucerne, Switzerland (Waiting for the End of the World) Group exhibitions Tate Modern, London; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (Exposed: Voyeurism, Surveillance and the Camera) Ansel Adams Center for Photography (Beyond Boundaries) Catharine Clark Gallery, San Francisco, California (Teen age: You Just Don't Understand) Ronald Feldman Gallery, New York (Face Off) Guggenheim Gallery at Chapman University (New, Used, Borrowed) Teaching Since 1977 Ross has taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He teaches photography and photojournalism. 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6103969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arundel%20House	Arundel House	Arundel House was a London town-house located between the Strand and the River Thames, near the Church of St Clement Danes. History During the Middle Ages, it was the London residence of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, when it was known as Bath Inn, similarly to other grand London town-houses like Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn. In 1539, at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it was granted by King Henry VIII to William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton. It reverted to the Crown on Fitzwilliam's death and was re-granted in 1545 by King Henry VIII to Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, a younger brother of Jane Seymour (the king's third wife) and younger brother of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector and uncle of the infant King Edward VI. After Thomas Seymour's execution for treason in 1549, the house was sold to Henry Fitz Alan, 12th Earl of Arundel, for about £40. It was later inherited through marriage by the Howard family and housed the Arundel Marbles, the famous sculpture collection of Thomas Howard, 2nd/21st Earl of Arundel, 4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1585–1646), most of which is now at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, although a 2nd-century AD relief from Ephesus kept at the house may be seen in the 17th-century gallery at the Museum of London. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Music (1994), the first performance of Thomas Tallis's forty-part motet, Spem in alium, probably took place in the Long Gallery of Arundel House in 1568 or 1569. Around the year 1618, the court architect Inigo Jones designed an Italianate gateway for Arundel House, and probably a wing known from the view by Cornelius Bol, and the building with dormer windows seen in Hollar's engraving. During the late 1620s and early 1630s, the mathematician William Oughtred had a room at Arundel House, where he instructed the Earl's son and gave direction to other mathematicians. The house also hosted the Earl's protégé, the artist and topographer Wenceslaus Hollar. The Royal Society held its meetings there during the late 1660s. Under the ancient name of Bath Inn, it had housed Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, after his release from the Tower of London in 1621. Arundel House was eventually demolished, and it is commemorated today by Arundel Street and Surrey Street. Present-day site The Strand Lane Baths are situated within the former grounds. They are now in the ownership of the National Trust. During the late 19th century, a new building named Arundel House was constructed in the Tudor Revival style. It is located at the foot of Arundel Street, on the corner of Temple Place. It is currently a conference centre and serves as the headquarters of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. References Walford, Edward. Old London: Strand to Soho. London: The Alderman Press, 1987. Orig. publ. 1878. Ben Weinreb, and Christopher Hibbert, eds. The London Encyclopædia. 2nd edition (1st ed. 1983). London: Macmillan, 1992. External links Arundel House article from The Map of Early Modern London project at The University of Victoria Hollar's etchings of Arundel House from the North and South, plus the 1647 view of the City from the top of Arundel House Account of Arundel House, with plan of Arundel and Essex Houses Episcopal palaces in London Former houses in the City of Westminster Strand, London	[ "Ar", "und", "el", "House", "was", "a", "London", "town", "-", "house", "located", "between", "the", "Str", "and", "and", "the", "River", "Th", "ames", ",", "near", "the", "Church", "of", "St", "C", "lement", "Dan", "es", ".", "History", "During", "the", "Middle", "A", "ges", ",", "it", "was", "the", "London", "res", "idence", "of", "the", "B", "ish", "ops", "of", "B", "ath", "and", "Well", "s", ",", "when", "it", "was", "known", "as", "B", "ath", "In", "n", ",", "similar", "ly", "to", "other", "grand", "London", "town", "-", "houses", "like", "Lincoln", "'", "s", "In", "n", "and", "Gr", "ay", "'", "s", "In", 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40310437	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blennidus%20peruvianus	Blennidus peruvianus	Blennidus peruvianus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean in 1828. References Blennidus Beetles described in 1828	[ "Bl", "enn", "id", "us", "per", "u", "v", "ian", "us", "is", "a", "species", "of", "ground", "be", "et", "le", "in", "the", "sub", "family", "P", "ter", "ost", "ich", "ina", "e", ".", "It", "was", "described", "by", "Pier", "re", "Fran", "ç", "ois", "Mar", "ie", "August", "e", "De", "je", "an", "in", "18", "28", ".", "References", "Bl", "enn", "id", "us", "Be", "et", "les", "described", "in", "18", "28" ]	[ 25241, 25187, 24630, 24640, 24726, 89, 90, 24669, 24640, 24593, 69, 25752, 24595, 25479, 24636, 24645, 24604, 24581, 24585, 25097, 25334, 52, 24621, 24764, 24708, 25110, 73, 18, 24805, 24625, 25896, 24647, 28898, 24600, 25146, 198, 26848, 24829, 24716, 25313, 73, 24821, 25122, 24583, 24581, 24722, 25555, 18, 24838, 25241, 25187, 24630, 24640, 25133, 24645, 24928, 25896, 24581, 24722, 25555 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
2015218	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimSafari	SimSafari	SimSafari is a construction and management simulation game released by Maxis on March 19, 1998. It is similar to SimPark, except that the park is set in Africa rather than in North America, and therefore has African animals and plants. Gameplay The game is divided into three different zones, the nature park, the tourist grounds, and the African village. The ultimate aim is for the players' park to reach five stars, although like most Sims games the player can continue playing indefinitely. To gain five stars, the player needs to make sure each zone is being run properly. The player can control tourism and staff. The park is where the player can buy animals and made sure they were not being over-eaten or underfed. The player can control the species of animals, grasses, shrubs, and trees that were built here. The game has information on every species in it, with short animations for the animals. Natural disasters can occur, like fires, droughts, locusts, and twisters. The Camp, also known as the Tourist Ground, is where tourists stay. The player can build restaurants, hotels, swimming pools, cottages, tents, etc. for guests. The buildings are staffed by workers hired from the village. In the village the player can hire drivers, naturalists, guides, cooks, and attendants to staff your tourist grounds. The more staff are hired, the better the village does. The village poaches your park's animals if the player does not hire enough staff. If things go very badly, the village might even stop working for you altogether. The player has the least control over the village because it is up to the AI to decide what to build. There are several scenarios, including one where the park is overrun by rabbits and another where the camp is burned down. References External links 1998 video games Classic Mac OS games Maxis Sim games Video games developed in the United States Video games scored by Jerry Martin Video games set in Africa Video games with isometric graphics Windows games	[ "Sim", "S", "af", "ari", "is", "a", "construction", "and", "management", "sim", "ulation", "game", "released", "by", "Max", "is", "on", "March", "19", ",", "1998", ".", "It", "is", "similar", "to", "Sim", "Park", ",", "except", "that", "the", "park", "is", "set", "in", "Africa", "rather", "than", "in", "North", "America", ",", "and", "therefore", "has", "African", "anim", "als", "and", "plants", ".", "Game", "play", "The", "game", "is", "divided", "into", "three", "different", "z", "ones", ",", "the", "nature", "park", ",", "the", "tour", "ist", "ground", "s", ",", "and", "the", "African", "village", ".", "The", "ult", "imate", "aim", "is", "for", "the", "players", "'", "park", "to", "reach", "five", "stars", ",", "although", "like", "most", "Sim", "s", 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67098734	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Egerton%2C%20Countess%20of%20Bridgewater	Charlotte Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater	Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater (20 November 1763 – 11 February 1849), née Charlotte Haynes, was a British noblewoman. She was known for her philanthropic and charitable acts, and supported numerous educational and religious causes. She was responsible for the laying out of the ornamental gardens around her family home at Ashridge in Hertfordshire. Charlotte married John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater of the Egerton family in 1783 and from 1803 assumed the title Countess of Bridgewater through her marriage. After the death of her husband, she lived for a further 26 years as a dowager. Early life Charlotte Catherine Anne Haynes was born on 20 November 1763. She was the daughter of Samuel Haynes (1789-1802) and Elizabeth. Her father was the son of Rev Hopton Haynes and Margaret Haynes, rector of Elmsett, Suffolk. Marriage to the Earl of Bridgewater Charlotte Haynes married General John Egerton on 14 January 1783 at 58 Welbeck Street in London. Egerton was the eldest son of the Right Reverend John Egerton, Bishop of Durham and Lady Anne Sophia Grey and a prominent member of the Egerton family. As well as being a serving army officer, Egerton was serving as MP for Brackley in Northamptonshire. On 8 March 1803, John Egerton's first cousin once removed, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater and 6th Earl of Bridgewater, died unmarried and without issue. The ducal title became extinct, but the Earldom of Bridgewater passed to John Egerton, who became the 7th Earl. Correspondingly, Charlotte assumed the title of Countess of Bridgewater. The late duke, known as the "Canal Duke", had amassed a fortune with his canal building in the North of England, and John and Charlotte Egerton were beneficiaries of that fortune. Ashridge Lord and Lady Bridgewater went to live at the Egerton family seat, Ashridge in Hertfordshire. The estate had been in the family since 1604. Prior to his death, the 3rd Duke, Lord Egerton's predecessor, had begun to demolish the medieval Ashridge Priory in order to build a new country house. The 7th Earl of Bridgewater commissioned the architect James Wyatt to build a new Ashridge House. Charlotte laid the foundation stone for the new house on 25 October 1808, the 48th anniversary of the accession of George III of Great Britain. The ceremony is commemorated by a brass plaque by the main entrance. In 1813, part-way through the construction works, Wyatt died, and the project was completed the following year by his nephew Jeffry Wyatt (later known as Sir Jeffry Wyatville). Ashridge House is highly regarded today as one of the finest examples of early Gothic Revival architecture and is now a Grade I listed building. The Countess took a particular interest in the horticultural aspects of the new estate and took a leading role in the laying out of the gardens at Ashridge. She commissioned the noted landscape gardener Humphrey Repton, and they formed a friendship on his many visits to the estate. Repton presented many ideas in his Red Book for the estate in 1813, including a rosarie (or rosarium) and a "Monks' Garden" commemorating Ashridge's monastic heritage with a layout of grave-shaped flower beds. Charlotte approved many of his designs, but also had her own ideas for the estate and made alterations to his proposals. Writing in 1824, the chaplain to the Earl of Bridgewater, Rev Henry Todd, noted that "the profusion of flowers which abound here, as the walks and conservatories together with the elegance of their arrangement, sufficiently indicates the care and attention bestowed by the Countess of Bridgewater upon her delightful pursuits of the garden." The rosarie and the Monks' Garden are still visible at Ashridge today. In addition to Ashridge, Lady Bridgewater and her husband also owned a London property at 7 Grosvenor Square, which they renovated with the assistance of Wyatville. In 1826, the widowed Charlotte sold the house and purchased a smaller property in the same square, at No. 20. Death of the 7th Earl The 7th Earl of Bridgewater died in October 1823, aged 70. He had no children, and left part of his estate to Charlotte. The dowager countess was aged 60 at the time of her husband's death, and outlived him by 26 years. She continued to live at the family seat at Ashridge. On the death in 1829 of her brother-in-law, Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, she inherited £5719.18s.6d. in dividends from shares in the family's shares in the Bridgewater Canal. The 8th Earl's will also made provision for a monument to be erected to his predecessor, the "Canal Duke". Charlotte objected to the erection of an obelisk, which she considered to be poor taste. Sir Jeffry Wyattville, the architect who completed Ashridge House, was again appointed, and in response to the countess's objections, he designed the monumnent as a Neoclassical Doric column. At Charlotte's behest, the Bridgewater Monument was sited some distance from Ashridge House so as not to be seen. A brass plaque inside the monument records that it was erected "with the approbation of Charlotte C. Anne, Countess of Bridgewater". With the death of the 8th Earl, the Bridgwater title became extinct. Charitable work The Countess was known for her benevolence, and in her widowhood acted as benefactor to a number of charitable causes. Many of her donations were to fund local schools in towns on Bridgewater Estate lands across the country. On 22 March 1844 she founded The Countess of Bridgewater's Endowment of Winston School in support of the parochial school in Winston, County Durham. The Countess also donated £3,300 towards the restoration of St Mary's Church, Ellesmere in Shropshire and also funded the construction of the National school in Ellesmere as well as the Old Town Hall there. Closer to Ashridge, in Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire, she endowed a National school there in 1865. Charlotte exhibited concern for the poor; agricultural workers on the Bridgewater lands had been made destitute during the winter months were unable to feed themselves and their families, and sometime around 1841 the Countess established a soup kitchen within the ruins of Berkhamsted Castle. Contemporary accounts in the Bucks Herald describe the distribution of soup and bread to hundreds of poor people from a house in the castle grounds, thought to be the 19th-century keeper's lodge which still stands today. The Countess was a dedicated benefactor to the Church of England. In 1835 she gave £2,000 to pay for the construction of a church at Tilstock in Whitchurch, Shropshire, and the following year she donated £8,000 to build a church in Dodington, also in Whitchurch. In 1842, she purchased a mansion in Berkhamsted, Egerton House, and donated part of the land to the nearby Parish Church of St Peter for use as a detached cemetery. A foundation stone in Rectory Lane Cemetery commemorates the donation of the Countess and the consecration of the burial ground by John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, on 11 October 1842. In 1844, the Countess funded the construction of a chapel of ease in the village of Caldwell, North Yorkshire, on Bridgewater Estate lands. A commemorative board inside the chapel of St. Hilda records the Countess of Bridgewater's donation in 1844 of £1526.14s 4d. The chapel closed to public worship in 2016. Death and legacy Charlotte died suddenly on 11 February 1849 whilst sitting in her chair at Ashridge, aged 86. Her published obituary in The Gentleman's Magazine stated that "She was a very pious and benevolent person, and many recipients of her charity will have to bewail her loss." She was buried on 22 February 1849 in the Egerton Family vault in the Church of St Peter and St Paul in Little Gaddesden, on the Ashridge Estate. A marble wall monument designed by Richard Westmacott commemorates the 7th Earl and a dedication to the Countess: In accordance with the will of her late husband, the Countess left the bulk of the Bridgewater estate to John Egerton, Viscount Alford, the eldest son of John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow. Lord Alford also inherited the right to bear the Egerton family arms. Among other beneficiaries, Charlotte bequeathed £2000 to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Few portraits survive of Charlotte. A pencil and chalk portrait of the Countess standing in a landscape with her dog was drawn by Henry Edridge in around 1805 and is now in the National Trust's collection at Tatton Hall, Cheshire. A stipple engraving was made of the portrait by James Posselwhite, now in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London, and a copy hangs in Belton House, Lincolnshire. Also in the Tatton Collection is a portrait miniature of Charlotte painted by Richard Cosway in watercolour on ivory. References Citations Sources cites: 1763 births 1849 deaths British countesses Charlotte 19th-century English nobility 19th-century English women English women philanthropists	[ "Char", "lot", "te", "C", "ather", "ine", "Anne", ",", "Coun", "t", "ess", "of", "Bridge", "water", "(", "20", "November", "17", "63", "–", "11", "February", "184", "9", "),", "n", "ée", "Char", "lot", "te", "Hay", "nes", ",", "was", "a", "British", "n", "ob", "le", "woman", ".", "She", "was", "known", "for", "her", "phil", "anth", "rop", "ic", "and", "char", "it", "able", "acts", ",", "and", "supported", "numerous", "educ", "ational", "and", "religious", "ca", "uses", ".", "She", "was", "responsible", "for", "the", "lay", "ing", "out", "of", "the", "orn", "ament", "al", "g", "ard", "ens", "around", "her", "family", "home", "at", "Ash", "r", "idge", "in", "Her", "t", "ford", "shire", ".", "Char", "lot", "te", "married", "John", "E", "ger", "ton", ",", "7th", "Earl", "of", "Bridge", "water", "of", "the", "E", 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39692682	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Gibbons	Ken Gibbons	Kenneth Harry Gibbons (born 24 December 1931) was Archdeacon of Lancaster from 1981 to 1997. He was educated at Chesterfield Grammar School, the University of Manchester and Ripon College Cuddesdon. After National Service he was ordained in 1956. After a curacy in Fleetwood he was Schools Secretary of the Student Christian Movement from 1960 to 1962. He was Senior Curate of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster and held incumbencies in New Addington and Portsea, Portsmouth before his Archdeacon’s appointment; and St Michael's on Wyre afterwards. References 1931 births Alumni of the University of Manchester Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon Archdeacons of Lancaster Living people	[ "Ken", "ne", "th", "Harry", "G", "ib", "b", "ons", "(", "born", "24", "December", "1931", ")", "was", "Arch", "de", "ac", "on", "of", "L", "anc", "aster", "from", "1981", "to", "1997", ".", "He", "was", "educated", "at", "Ch", "ester", "field", "Gr", "am", "mar", "School", ",", "the", "University", "of", "Manchester", "and", "R", "ip", "on", "College", "C", "ud", "des", "don", ".", "After", "National", "Service", "he", "was", "ord", "ained", "in", "1956", ".", "After", "a", "cur", "acy", "in", "Fle", "et", "wood", "he", "was", "School", "s", "Secretary", "of", "the", "Stud", "ent", "Christian", "Mov", "ement", "from", "1960", "to", "1962", ".", "He", "was", "Senior", "Cur", "ate", "of", "St", "Martin", "-", "in", "-", "the", "-", "Field", "s", ",", "West", "min", "ster", "and", "held", "inc", "umb", "encies", "in", "New", "Add", "ington", "and", "Port", "sea", ",", "Por", "ts", "mouth", "before", "his", "Arch", "de", "ac", "on", "’", "s", "appoint", "ment", ";", "and", "St", "Michael", "'", "s", "on", "W", "y", "re", "after", "wards", ".", "References", "1931", "births", "Al", "umni", "of", "the", "University", "of", "Manchester", "Al", "umni", "of", "R", "ip", "on", "College", "C", "ud", "des", "don", "Arch", "de", "ac", "ons", "of", "L", "anc", "aster", "Living", "people" ]	[ 27472, 24687, 24580, 29637, 43, 24751, 70, 25285, 12, 25049, 25384, 25422, 28957, 13, 24625, 26232, 24650, 24616, 24584, 24595, 48, 25353, 25666, 24672, 27073, 24601, 26252, 18, 24736, 24625, 29518, 24590, 24698, 28908, 25401, 25014, 24611, 25748, 25262, 16, 24585, 25015, 24595, 29901, 24596, 54, 24696, 24584, 25665, 39, 24711, 24893, 26733, 18, 25302, 25155, 27349, 24607, 24625, 24750, 26579, 24581, 27850, 18, 25302, 69, 25069, 26389, 24581, 28794, 24645, 25917, 24607, 24625, 25262, 87, 28355, 24595, 24585, 26247, 24609, 26635, 28378, 25138, 24672, 27541, 24601, 27693, 18, 24736, 24625, 29869, 26880, 24688, 24595, 24709, 27402, 17, 24581, 17, 24585, 17, 28027, 87, 16, 25526, 24931, 26044, 24596, 25605, 25290, 26086, 28559, 24581, 24871, 29106, 25767, 24596, 26170, 27362, 16, 27774, 24704, 28237, 25327, 24684, 26232, 24650, 24616, 24584, 4998, 87, 29642, 24718, 31, 24596, 24709, 26605, 11, 87, 24584, 59, 93, 24600, 24942, 26165, 18, 24838, 28957, 25393, 24788, 26225, 24595, 24585, 25015, 24595, 29901, 24788, 26225, 24595, 54, 24696, 24584, 25665, 39, 24711, 24893, 26733, 26232, 24650, 24616, 25285, 24595, 48, 25353, 25666, 25766, 24941 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
32862005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Power%20of%20the%20Invisible%20Sun	The Power of the Invisible Sun	The Power of the Invisible Sun is a philanthropic work on behalf of Bobby Sager. It consists of a photography book based on pictures of those areas of the world most stricken by war such as Afghanistan, Rwanda, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Kenya or Zimbabwe, depicting children living and dealing with conflict. Its aim is to inspire activism through the intimate encounters with those children provided by the images. As part of this project, comes the initiative of using the benefits coming from the selling of the book to the "Hope is a game-changer project" providing the kids over the most difficult places around the world with indestructible soccer balls as a lasting symbol of hope. Hope is the most important thing that people need to move forward. The slightest ray of hope can ignite the human spirit's ability to overcome: the power of the invisible sun - Bobby Sager. Sting Sting, friends with Bobby Sager, has been one of the most active partners supporting this project, attending to the Parties to add a value through his recognition among the media. In fact, the power of the invisible sun pays homage to his song "Invisible Sun". He has also written the foreword for the book. References External links Official Website The Power of the Invisible Sun in the news Books of photographs	[ "The", "Power", "of", "the", "In", "vis", "ible", "Sun", "is", "a", "phil", "anth", "rop", "ic", "work", "on", "be", "half", "of", "Bob", "by", "S", "ag", "er", ".", "It", "consists", "of", "a", "photo", "graphy", "book", "based", "on", "pict", "ures", "of", "those", "areas", "of", "the", "world", "most", "str", "ick", "en", "by", "war", "such", "as", "Af", "gh", "an", "istan", ",", "R", "w", "anda", ",", "Pakistan", ",", "Pal", "est", "ine", ",", "Sri", "L", "ank", "a", ",", "Ken", "ya", "or", "Z", "imb", "ab", "we", ",", "dep", "ict", "ing", "children", "living", "and", "deal", "ing", "with", "conflict", ".", "Its", "aim", "is", "to", "in", "sp", "ire", "activ", "ism", "through", "the", "int", "imate", "en", "coun", "ters", "with", "those", "children", "provided", "by", "the", "im", "ages", ".", "As", "part", "of", "this", "project", ",", "comes", "the", "initi", "ative", 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63608806	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albingia	Albingia	Albingia is a French insurance company specialized in Risk management, and based in Levallois-Perret. Albingia is currently the only independent French insurance company specialized in Risk management. History Albingia was founded in 1901 in Hamburg. its first French subsidiary opens in 1962. In 1999 Albingia was sold to Axa for €850 million. In 2003, Albingia France was bought by Barclays Private Equity (now Equistone Partners Europe) then sold again in 2006 to Chevrillon & Associés et IDI. In 2018, Eurazeo bought shares of Albingia, alongside the Financière de Blacailloux, controlled by Bruno Chamoin, also Chairman of Albingia. On 9 April 2020, The Hellfest festival organization announced that they paid on 17 December 2019 to Albingia €175000 for cancellation risks, including pandemic risks, but that the company refused to pay for the cancellation of the festival. The contract was sold before the apparition of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Activity In 1962, the first risk management sold by Albingia was linked for machinery breakdown risks. Since that time its activity has expanded to other risks. It has approximately 3500 Insurance brokers. COVID-19 claims In 2020, in regards to the COVID-19 pandemic, the company has decided to not cover for damages suffered by the client that runs the Hellfest music festival. As reported Hellfest's insurance policy covered pandemics. It was also reported that representatives from Albingia agreed, however they claimed it did not cover the COVID-19 pandemic because "respiratory diseases were excluded from the contract". Hellfest reported that they will pursue litigation in court if Albingia doesn't comply with their requests. References External links Official site French companies established in 1901 Insurance companies of France French brands	[ "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "is", "a", "French", "ins", "ur", "ance", "company", "special", "ized", "in", "R", "is", "k", "management", ",", "and", "based", "in", "Le", "v", "all", "ois", "-", "Per", "ret", ".", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "is", "currently", "the", "only", "independent", "French", "ins", "ur", "ance", "company", "special", "ized", "in", "R", "is", "k", "management", ".", "History", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "was", "founded", "in", "190", "1", "in", "Ham", "burg", ".", "its", "first", "French", "sub", "sid", "i", "ary", "op", "ens", "in", "1962", ".", "In", "1999", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "was", "sold", "to", "A", "x", "a", "for", "€", "8", "50", "million", ".", "In", "2003", ",", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "France", "was", "b", "ought", "by", "Bar", "cl", "ays", "Pr", "iv", "ate", "E", "qu", "ity", "(", "now", "E", "qu", "ist", "one", "Part", "ners", "Europe", ")", "then", "sold", "again", "in", "2006", "to", "Che", "v", "r", "ill", "on", "&", "Associ", "é", "s", "et", "ID", "I", ".", "In", "2018", ",", "Eur", "az", "e", "o", "b", "ought", "sh", "ares", "of", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", ",", "alongside", "the", "Fin", "anc", "i", "è", "re", "de", "Bl", "ac", "a", "ill", "ou", "x", ",", "controll", "ed", "by", "Br", "un", "o", "Ch", "am", "o", "in", ",", "also", "Chair", "man", "of", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", ".", "On", "9", "April", "2020", ",", "The", "H", "ell", "f", "est", "festival", "organization", "announced", "that", "they", "paid", "on", "17", "December", "2019", "to", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "€", "17", "5", "000", "for", "can", "cell", "ation", "ris", "ks", ",", "including", "p", "and", "emic", "ris", "ks", ",", "but", "that", "the", "company", "ref", "used", "to", "pay", "for", "the", "can", "cell", "ation", "of", "the", "festival", ".", "The", "contract", "was", "sold", "before", "the", "appar", "ition", "of", "the", "COVID", "-", "19", "p", "and", "emic", "in", "China", ".", "Act", "ivity", "In", "1962", ",", "the", "first", "ris", "k", "management", "sold", "by", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "was", "lin", "ked", "for", "mach", "in", "ery", "break", "down", "ris", "ks", ".", "Since", "that", "time", "its", "activity", "has", "expanded", "to", "other", "ris", "ks", ".", "It", "has", "approximately", "35", "00", "In", "sur", "ance", "bro", "k", "ers", ".", "COVID", "-", "19", "claims", "In", "2020", ",", "in", "reg", "ards", "to", "the", "COVID", "-", "19", "p", "and", "emic", ",", "the", "company", "has", "decided", "to", "not", "cover", "for", "dam", "ages", "suffered", "by", "the", "cl", "ient", "that", "runs", "the", "H", "ell", "f", "est", "music", "festival", ".", "As", "reported", "H", "ell", "f", "est", "'", "s", "ins", "ur", "ance", "policy", "covered", "p", "and", "em", "ics", ".", "It", "was", "also", "reported", "that", "represent", "atives", "from", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "agreed", ",", "however", "they", "claimed", "it", "did", "not", "cover", "the", "COVID", "-", "19", "p", "and", "emic", "because", "\"", "resp", "ir", "atory", "dise", "ases", "were", "excl", "uded", "from", "the", "contract", "\".", "H", "ell", "f", "est", "reported", "that", "they", "will", "pur", "su", "e", "l", "it", "ig", "ation", "in", "court", "if", "Al", "b", "ing", "ia", "does", "n", "'", "t", "comp", "ly", "with", "their", "requ", "ests", ".", "References", "External", "links", "Official", "site", "French", "companies", "established", "in", "190", "1", "In", "sur", "ance", "companies", "of", "France", "French", "br", "ands" ]	[ 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 24593, 69, 25596, 25080, 24615, 24985, 25684, 26318, 25380, 24581, 54, 24593, 79, 27986, 16, 24596, 25413, 24581, 24843, 90, 24663, 26848, 17, 25768, 25055, 18, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 24593, 27208, 24585, 25089, 27756, 25596, 25080, 24615, 24985, 25684, 26318, 25380, 24581, 54, 24593, 79, 27986, 18, 25592, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 24625, 26409, 24581, 25454, 21, 24581, 26549, 26324, 18, 24783, 24818, 25596, 25097, 29083, 77, 24713, 24644, 24845, 24581, 27693, 18, 24657, 26082, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 24625, 26090, 24601, 37, 92, 69, 24618, 5110, 28, 25681, 26016, 18, 24657, 25877, 16, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 26024, 24625, 70, 26001, 24647, 25497, 24691, 25895, 24891, 24622, 24688, 41, 24715, 24683, 12, 25426, 41, 24715, 24641, 24748, 25593, 28557, 25506, 13, 25115, 26090, 25098, 24581, 25562, 24601, 26892, 90, 86, 24689, 24584, 10, 26002, 200, 87, 24645, 27346, 45, 18, 24657, 25625, 16, 25362, 25022, 73, 83, 70, 26001, 24690, 29112, 24595, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 16, 28698, 24585, 25975, 25353, 77, 199, 24600, 24650, 25241, 24616, 69, 24689, 24603, 92, 16, 29076, 24588, 24647, 24980, 24631, 83, 24698, 24611, 83, 24581, 16, 24762, 29050, 24710, 24595, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 18, 24964, 29, 25381, 25642, 16, 24627, 44, 24731, 74, 24655, 29897, 27532, 26091, 24682, 25002, 29465, 24584, 24940, 25422, 25655, 24601, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 5110, 24940, 25, 25348, 24618, 24995, 26076, 24626, 26739, 24737, 16, 25260, 84, 24596, 28283, 26739, 24737, 16, 24835, 24682, 24585, 25684, 25911, 25030, 24601, 27229, 24618, 24585, 24995, 26076, 24626, 24595, 24585, 29897, 18, 24627, 26899, 24625, 26090, 25327, 24585, 29830, 24793, 24595, 24585, 29752, 17, 24617, 84, 24596, 28283, 24581, 26373, 18, 25928, 29680, 24657, 27693, 16, 24585, 24818, 26739, 79, 27986, 26090, 24647, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 24625, 24823, 27060, 24618, 28078, 24581, 25527, 27115, 25581, 26739, 24737, 18, 27169, 24682, 24978, 24783, 29061, 24808, 29710, 24601, 24858, 26739, 24737, 18, 24805, 24808, 27788, 26400, 24799, 24657, 25281, 24985, 25693, 79, 24629, 18, 29752, 17, 24617, 29883, 24657, 25642, 16, 24581, 24954, 25598, 24601, 24585, 29752, 17, 24617, 84, 24596, 28283, 16, 24585, 25684, 24808, 27484, 24601, 24809, 25445, 24618, 26482, 25434, 29589, 24647, 24585, 24691, 25397, 24682, 27690, 24585, 44, 24731, 74, 24655, 25331, 29897, 18, 24906, 26674, 44, 24731, 74, 24655, 11, 87, 25080, 24615, 24985, 28375, 26590, 84, 24596, 24635, 24930, 18, 24805, 24625, 24762, 26674, 24682, 25833, 26834, 24672, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 29281, 16, 26537, 25002, 27538, 24598, 25671, 24809, 25445, 24585, 29752, 17, 24617, 84, 24596, 28283, 25936, 6, 25786, 24624, 26920, 28454, 27190, 24747, 28780, 29317, 24672, 24585, 26899, 25157, 44, 24731, 74, 24655, 26674, 24682, 25002, 25494, 26017, 24701, 73, 80, 24598, 24628, 24626, 24581, 26906, 24692, 24788, 70, 24599, 24677, 26839, 82, 11, 88, 24770, 24633, 24651, 24862, 25609, 26495, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 27588, 25508, 25596, 26818, 25572, 24581, 25454, 21, 24657, 25281, 24985, 26818, 24595, 26024, 25596, 24816, 27564 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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2171403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu%20Sai%20Wan	Siu Sai Wan	Siu Sai Wan () is a residential area in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located in the eastern part of Chai Wan, and is administratively under the Eastern District. The population was 59,729 in June 2011. Location The current perimeter of Siu Sai Wan includes the rest of Chai Wan east of Wing Tai Road. Prior to reclamation, Siu Sai Wan was a small bay east of Chai Wan. Chai Wan was once known as Sai Wan (; West Bay), and the small bay as Siu Chai Wan (; Small Chai Wan) or Chai Wan Tsai (; Little Chai Wan), and over time the names combined into the current name Siu Sai Wan. History Siu Sai Wan was originally an intelligence gathering centre for the United Kingdom. In 1947, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States signed an agreement to jointly pursue the gathering of intelligence. The British Armed Forces then set up an intelligence gathering centre in Siu Sai Wan, one of the largest in the Far East, to monitor wireless communications from Taiwan (ROC) to China (PRC). In 1985, shortly after the handover of Hong Kong to China was agreed, the centre was dismantled. At the same time, along with the development of the Mass Transit Railway, the resettlement estates in Chai Wan were to be demolished. To accommodate residents from these estates and from the expanding urban population, the government decided to develop Siu Sai Wan. At that time the name Siu Sai Wan was deemed "indecent" by the Government, who suggested to name the area "Siu Chai Wan" instead. This didn't sit well with local residents, and as a result when the Siu Sai Wan Estate was built a few years later, the name Siu Sai Wan was returned to the area. Nevertheless, taxi drivers are known to use a similar-sounding profane term when they refer to the area. Siu Sai Wan faces Tathong Channel and Lei Yue Mun, an entrance to the Victoria Harbour. The government has built Home Ownership Scheme housing such as Harmony Garden. Housing Private housing estates include: Island Resort Public housing estates in Siu Sai Wan Siu Sai Wan Estate Education A number of schools including both primary and secondary schools can be found in Siu Sai Wan. Secondary schools: Fukien Secondary School (Siu Sai Wan) Hon Wah College Lingnan Hang Yee Memorial Secondary School The Chinese Foundation Secondary School (CFSS) The Methodist Church Hong Kong Wesley College Primary schools: Pui Kiu Primary School Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Lee Chi Hung Memorial Primary School (Chai Wan) (Closed down on 31 August 2011) Kindergartens: Cannan Kindergarten (Siu Sai Wan) Gar Lam Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten (Siu Sai Wan) Siu Sai Wan is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 16. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and two government schools: Shau Kei Wan Government Primary School and Aldrich Bay Government Primary School. Social amenities Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground Siu Sai Wan Promenade Siu Sai Wan Complex Transport With the Island Resort now constructed, the population of Siu Sai Wan has been steadily increasing, so both First Bus and Citybus extended routes ending at Chai Wan (East) to Siu Sai Wan Estate and Island Resort. The government suggested to the MTR Corporation (MTR) in 2001 that they should consider extending the Island line to Siu Sai Wan from Chai Wan. In June 2005, the MTR revealed that they had started planning for the extension. In 2014, the MTR withdrawn the plan of extension, due to the difficulties of extension. Main roads Siu Sai Wan Road Harmony Road Public transportation There is currently no direct MTR service to Siu Sai Wan. However, residents can walk or take New World First Bus route 82M to reach Chai Wan station, the terminus of the Island line. Buses New World First Bus: 8H, 8P, 49X, 82, 82M, 82S, 82X, 88X, N8P Citybus: 8S, 8X, 19, 85, 85P, 314, 788, 789, A12, N8X, NA12 Cross-harbour routes: 106, 106P, 118, 118P, 606, 606X, 682, 694, N118 Minibuses Green Public Light Buses 44M, 47E, 47M, 47S, 61, 62, 62A References Eastern District, Hong Kong Restricted areas of Hong Kong red public minibus	[ "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "()", "is", "a", "resident", "ial", "area", "in", "the", "nor", "the", "astern", "part", "of", "Hong", "Kong", "Island", "in", "Hong", "Kong", ".", "It", "is", "located", "in", "the", "eastern", "part", "of", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", ",", "and", "is", "administr", "atively", "under", "the", "Eastern", "District", ".", "The", "population", "was", "59", ",", "7", "29", "in", "June", "2011", ".", "Loc", "ation", "The", "current", "per", "ime", "ter", "of", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "includes", "the", "rest", "of", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "east", "of", "W", "ing", "Tai", "Road", ".", "Pr", "ior", "to", "re", "cl", "am", "ation", ",", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "was", "a", "small", "b", "ay", "east", "of", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", ".", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "was", "once", "known", "as", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "(;", "West", "Bay", "),", "and", "the", "small", "b", "ay", "as", "S", "i", "u", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "(;", "Sm", "all", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", ")", "or", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "T", "s", "ai", "(;", "Little", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "),", "and", "over", "time", "the", "names", "combined", "into", "the", "current", "name", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", ".", "History", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "was", "originally", "an", "int", "ell", "igence", "g", "ather", "ing", "centre", "for", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ".", "In", "1947", ",", "Australia", ",", "Canada", ",", "New", "Zealand", ",", "United", "Kingdom", "and", "United", "States", "signed", "an", "agreement", "to", "joint", "ly", "pur", "su", "e", "the", "g", "ather", "ing", "of", "int", 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"government", "decided", "to", "develop", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", ".", "At", "that", "time", "the", "name", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "was", "de", "em", "ed", "\"", "in", "de", "cent", "\"", "by", "the", "Government", ",", "who", "sugg", "ested", "to", "name", "the", "area", "\"", "S", "i", "u", "Ch", "ai", "W", "an", "\"", "instead", ".", "This", "did", "n", "'", "t", "sit", "well", "with", "local", "residents", ",", "and", "as", "a", "result", "when", "the", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "E", "state", "was", "built", "a", "few", "years", "later", ",", "the", "name", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "was", "returned", "to", "the", "area", ".", "N", "ever", "the", "less", ",", "tax", "i", "dr", "ivers", "are", "known", "to", "use", "a", "similar", "-", "sound", "ing", "prof", "ane", "term", "when", "they", "refer", "to", "the", "area", ".", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "fac", "es", "T", "ath", "ong", "Channel", "and", "Le", "i", "Y", "ue", "Mun", ",", "an", "ent", "rance", "to", "the", "Victoria", "Har", "bour", ".", "The", "government", "has", "built", "Home", "Ow", "nership", "Sc", "he", "me", "housing", "such", "as", "Har", "mon", "y", "G", "arden", ".", "H", "ous", "ing", "Pr", "iv", "ate", "housing", "est", "ates", "include", ":", "Island", "Res", "ort", "Public", "housing", "est", "ates", "in", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", "E", "state", "Education", "A", "number", "of", "schools", "including", "both", "primary", "and", "secondary", "schools", "can", "be", "found", "in", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", ".", "Second", "ary", "schools", ":", "F", "uk", "ien", "Second", "ary", "School", "(", "S", "i", "u", "S", "ai", "W", "an", ")", "Hon", "W", "ah", "College", "L", "ing", "n", "an", "H", "ang", "Y", "ee", "Memorial", "Second", "ary", "School", "The", "Chinese", "Foundation", "Second", "ary", "School", "(", "C", "F", "SS", ")", "The", "Me", "thod", "ist", "Church", 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8207135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894%20in%20poetry	1894 in poetry	Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events April — The Yellow Book first published (continues to 1897). June 22 — Nina Davis' first published translation from medieval Hebrew poetry into English, of Abraham ibn Ezra's The Song of Chess, appears in The Jewish Chronicle. November 8 — Robert Frost's poem "My Butterfly" is published on this date in the New York Independent, marking the first sale of his poetry. He earns $15. December 22 — Claude Debussy's symphonic poem Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, a free interpretation of Stéphane Mallarmé's 1876 poem, "L'après-midi d'un faune", is premièred in Paris. Works published in English Canada Bliss Carman, Low Tide on Grand Pré (original edition, 1983) Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey (an American), Songs from Vagabondia Frederick George Scott, My Lattice and Other Poems Arthur Stringer, Watchers of Twilight, and Other Poems United Kingdom Laurence Binyon, Lyric Poems Robert Browning, Asolando Bliss Carman (Canadian) and Richard Hovey (American), Songs from Vagabondia John Davidson, Ballads and Songs, including "Thirty Bob a Week" Edmund Gosse, In Russet and Silver Selwyn Image, Poems and Carols Rudyard Kipling, "McAndrew's Hymn", first published in U.S.A. Robert Fuller Murray, Robert F. Murray: His Poems with a Memoir (posthumous, edited by Andrew Lang) AE, pen name of George William Russell, Homeward Algernon Charles Swinburne, Astrophel and Other Poems Katharine Tynan, Cuckoo Songs William Watson, Odes and Other Poems Oscar Wilde, The Sphinx W.B. Yeats, Irish poet published in the United Kingdom, The Land of Heart's Desire United States Bliss Carman, Songs from Vagabondia, with Richard Hovey, a Canadian author published in the United States Ina Coolbrith, The Singer of the Sea Benjamin Franklin King Jr., Ben King's Verse (posthumous; 2nd edition 1898) George Santayana, Sonnets and Other Verses John B. Tabb, Poems Other in English Henry Lawson, Short Stories in Prose and Verse, Australia Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran, Mayura Sandesam, a sandesa kavya ("message poem") written on the model of Kalidasa's Meghaduta, India, Sanskrit W.B. Yeats, Irish poet published in the United Kingdom, The Land of Heart's Desire Works published in other languages Francis Jammes, Vers, (also 1892 and 1893); France Henry Alfred Krishnapillai, Rakshanya Yatrikam ("The journey of salvation"), India, Tamil language Pierre Louÿs, Les Chansons de Bilitis ("The Songs of Bilitis"), erotic prose poems; Paris Tekkan Yosano, Bokoku no on ("Obligation to the Fatherland"), a collection of literary criticism, Japan Awards and honors Births Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article: January 2 – Robert Nathan (died 1985), American poet and novelist January 10 – Bochō Yamamura 山村暮鳥 (died 1924), Japanese vagabond Christian preacher who gains attention as a writer of tales and songs for children and as a poet May 21 – Eileen Duggan (died 1972), New Zealand May 28 – Loa Ho (died 1943), Taiwan June 14 – W. W. E. Ross (died 1966), Canadian geophysicist and Imagist poet June 16 – Ogiwara Seisensui 荻原井泉水, pen name of Ogiwara Tōkichi (died 1976), Japanese haiku poet in the Taishō and Shōwa periods (surname: Ogiwara) August 31 – Charles Reznikoff, American poet, part of the Objectivist poetry movement October 4 – Jun Tsuji 辻潤 (died 1944), Japanese author, poet, essayist, musician and bohemian (surname: Tsuji) October 7 – Doris Huestis Speirs (died 1989), Canadian painter, ornithologist and poet October 14 – E. E. Cummings (died 1962), American poet and painter October 18 – H. L. Davis (died 1960), American fiction writer and poet October 22 – Paul Grano (died 1975), Australian poet and journalist December 26 – Jean Toomer, American poet and novelist, part of the Harlem Renaissance Zahida Khatun Sherwani, writing as Zay Khay Sheen (died 1922), Indian Urdu language woman poet Deaths Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article: January 24 – Constance Fenimore Woolson (born 1840), American novelist, short-story writer and poet; a grandniece of James Fenimore Cooper April 7 – Benjamin Franklin King Jr. (born 1857), American poet and humorist April 18 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (born 1838), Bengali poet, novelist, essayist and journalist May 16 – Kitamura Tokoku 北村透谷, pen-name of Kitamura Montaro (born 1868), Japanese, late Meiji period poet, essayist and a founder of the modern Japanese romantic literary movement (surname: Kitamura) May 26 – Roden Noel (born 1834), English poet July 5 – Betty Paoli (born 1815), Austrian poet July 17 – Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (born 1818), French poet of the Parnassian movement August 25 – Celia Thaxter (born 1835), American poet and story writer September 5 – Augusta Webster (born 1837), English poet October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes (born 1809), American physician, professor and poet October 28 – John Askham (born 1825), English shoemaker and poet December 3 – Robert Louis Stevenson (born 1850), Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer, of a brain haemorrhage, in Samoa December 29 – Christina Rossetti (born 1830), English poet, of cancer Also: Robert Fuller Murray (born 1863), American-born Scottish poet, of consumption Perunnelli Krishnan Vaidyar (born 1863), Indian, Malayalam-language poet See also 19th century in poetry 19th century in literature List of years in poetry List of years in literature Victorian literature French literature of the 19th century Symbolist poetry Young Poland (Młoda Polska) a modernist period in Polish arts and literature, roughly from 1890 to 1918 Poetry Notes 19th-century poetry Poetry	[ "National", "ity", "words", "lin", "k", "to", "articles", "with", "information", "on", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "poet", "ry", "or", "literature", "(", "for", "inst", "ance", ",", "Irish", "or", "France", ").", "Ev", "ents", "April", "—", "The", "Y", "ellow", "Book", "first", "published", "(", "continu", "es", "to", "189", "7", ").", "June", "22", "—", "N", "ina", "Davis", "'", "first", "published", "transl", "ation", "from", "med", "ie", "val", "He", "bre", "w", "poet", "ry", "into", "English", ",", "of", "A", "br", "ah", "am", "ib", "n", "E", "z", "ra", "'", "s", "The", "Song", "of", "Ch", "ess", ",", "appears", "in", "The", "Jewish", "Chr", "on", "icle", ".", "November", "8", "—", "Robert", "F", "ro", "st", "'", "s", "po", "em", "\"", "My", "But", "ter", "fly", "\"", "is", "published", "on", "this", "date", "in", "the", "New", "York", "In", "dependent", ",", "mark", "ing", "the", "first", "s", "ale", "of", "his", "poet", "ry", ".", "He", "ear", "ns", "$", "15", ".", "December", "22", "—", "Cl", "au", "de", "De", "bus", "sy", "'", "s", "sym", "ph", "onic", "po", "em", "Pr", "é", "l", "ude", "à", "l", "'", "ap", "r", "è", "s", "-", "mid", "i", "d", "'", "un", "fa", "une", ",", "a", "free", "inter", "pret", "ation", "of", "St", "é", "ph", "ane", "M", "all", "arm", "é", "'", "s", "187", "6", "po", "em", ",", "\"", "L", "'", "ap", "r", "è", "s", "-", "mid", "i", "d", "'", "un", "fa", "une", "\",", "is", "prem", "i", "è", "red", "in", "Paris", ".", "Works", "published", "in", "English", "Canada", "Bl", "iss", "Car", "man", ",", "L", "ow", "T", "ide", "on", "Grand", "Pr", "é", "(", "original", "edition", ",", "1983", ")", "Bl", "iss", "Car", "man", "and", "Richard", "H", "ove", "y", "(", "an", "American", "),", "Songs", "from", "V", "ag", "ab", "ond", "ia", "Freder", "ick", "George", "Scott", ",", "My", "L", "att", "ice", "and", "Other", "Po", "ems", "Arthur", "Str", "inger", ",", "W", "atch", "ers", "of", "Tw", "il", "ight", ",", "and", "Other", "Po", "ems", "United", "Kingdom", "La", "ur", "ence", "B", "in", "y", "on", ",", "Ly", "ric", "Po", "ems", "Robert", "Brown", "ing", ",", "As", "ol", "and", "o", "Bl", "iss", "Car", "man", "(", "Canadian", ")", "and", "Richard", "H", "ove", "y", "(", "American", "),", "Songs", "from", "V", "ag", "ab", "ond", "ia", "John", "David", "son", ",", "Ball", "ad", "s", "and", "Songs", ",", "including", "\"", "Th", "ir", "ty", "Bob", "a", "Week", "\"", "Ed", "m", "und", "G", "os", "se", ",", "In", "R", "us", "set", "and", "Sil", "ver", "S", "el", "w", "yn", "Im", "age", ",", "Po", "ems", "and", "Carol", "s", "R", "ud", "yard", "K", "i", "pl", "ing", ",", "\"", "Mc", "Andrew", "'", "s", "Hy", "mn", "\",", "first", "published", "in", "U", ".", "S", ".", "A", ".", "Robert", "F", "ul", "ler", "Mur", "ray", ",", "Robert", "F", ".", "Mur", "ray", ":", "His", "Po", "ems", "with", "a", "M", "em", "o", "ir", "(", "pos", "th", "um", "ous", ",", "ed", "ited", "by", "Andrew", "L", "ang", ")", "A", "E", ",", "pen", "name", "of", "George", "William", "Russ", "ell", ",", "H", "om", "ew", "ard", "Al", "g", "ern", "on", "Charles", "Sw", "in", "bur", "ne", ",", "A", "st", "rop", "hel", "and", "Other", "Po", "ems", "K", "ath", "ar", "ine", "T", "yn", "an", ",", "C", "uck", "oo", "Songs", "William", "Wat", "son", ",", "O", "des", "and", "Other", "Po", "ems", "O", "sc", "ar", "Wil", "de", ",", "The", "S", "ph", "in", "x", "W", ".", "B", ".", "Y", "e", "ats", ",", "Irish", "poet", "published", "in", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ",", "The", "Land", "of", "He", "art", "'", "s", "Des", "ire", "United", "States", "Bl", "iss", "Car", "man", ",", "Songs", "from", "V", "ag", "ab", "ond", "ia", ",", "with", "Richard", "H", "ove", "y", ",", "a", "Canadian", "author", "published", "in", "the", "United", "States", "In", "a", "Co", "ol", "br", "ith", ",", "The", "Sing", "er", "of", "the", "Sea", "Ben", "j", "amin", "Frank", "lin", "King", "Jr", ".,", "Ben", "King", "'", "s", "Ver", "se", "(", "pos", "th", "um", "ous", ";", "2nd", "edition", "189", "8", ")", "George", "S", "ant", "ay", "ana", ",", "Son", "n", "ets", "and", "Other", "V", "ers", "es", "John", "B", ".", "T", "ab", "b", ",", "Po", "ems", "Other", "in", "English", "Henry", "Law", "son", ",", "Short", "St", "ories", "in", "Pro", "se", "and", "Ver", "se", ",", "Australia", "K", "eral", "a", "V", "arm", "a", "Val", "i", "ya", "K", "oil", "Th", "amp", "ur", "an", ",", "May", "ura", "Sand", "es", "am", ",", "a", "s", "and", "es", "a", "k", "avy", "a", "(\"", "mess", "age", "po", "em", "\")", "written", "on", "the", "model", "of", "Kal", "id", "as", "a", "'", "s", "Me", "gh", "ad", "ut", "a", ",", "India", ",", "S", "ans", "k", "rit", "W", ".", "B", ".", "Y", "e", "ats", ",", "Irish", "poet", "published", "in", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ",", "The", "Land", "of", "He", "art", "'", "s", "Des", "ire", "Works", "published", "in", "other", "languages", "Francis", "J", "am", "mes", ",", "V", "ers", ",", "(", "also", "189", "2", "and", "189", "3", ");", "France", "Henry", "Al", "fred", "Kr", "ish", "n", "ap", "ill", "ai", ",", "R", "ak", "sh", "any", "a", "Y", "at", "r", "ik", "am", "(\"", "The", "j", "our", "ney", "of", "sal", "vation", "\"", "),", "India", ",", "Tam", "il", "language", "Pier", "re", "Lou", "ÿ", "s", ",", "Les", "Ch", "ans", "ons", "de", "B", "ilit", "is", "(\"", "The", "Songs", "of", "B", "ilit", "is", "\"", "),", "er", "ot", "ic", "pro", "se", "po", "ems", ";", "Paris", "Te", "k", "k", "an", "Y", "os", "ano", ",", "B", "ok", "ok", "u", "no", "on", "(\"", "O", "bl", "ig", "ation", "to", "the", "F", "ather", "land", "\"", "),", "a", "collection", "of", "liter", "ary", "critic", "ism", ",", "Japan", "Awards", "and", "hon", "ors", "Bir", "ths", "Death", "years", "lin", "k", "to", "the", "correspond", "ing", "\"", "[", "year", "]", "in", "poet", "ry", "\"", "article", ":", "January", "2", "–", "Robert", "N", "athan", "(", "died", "1985", "),", "American", "poet", "and", "novel", "ist", "January", "10", "–", "Bo", "ch", "ō", "Y", "am", "am", "ura", "山", "村", "暮", "鳥", "(", "died", "1924", "),", "Japanese", "v", "ag", "ab", "ond", "Christian", "pre", "ach", "er", "who", "g", "ains", "attention", "as", "a", "writer", "of", "t", "ales", "and", "songs", "for", "children", "and", "as", "a", "poet", "May", "21", "–", "E", "ile", "en", "D", "ug", "gan", "(", "died", "1972", "),", "New", "Zealand", "May", "28", "–", "Lo", "a", "Ho", "(", "died", "1943", "),", "Tai", "wan", "June", "14", "–", "W", ".", "W", ".", "E", ".", "Ross", "(", "died", "1966", "),", "Canadian", "ge", "ophy", "s", "ic", "ist", "and", "I", "mag", "ist", "poet", "June", "16", "–", "O", "g", "i", "war", "a", "Se", "is", "en", "su", "i", "荻", "原", "井", "泉", "水", ",", "pen", "name", "of", "O", "g", "i", "war", "a", "T", "ō", "k", "ich", "i", "(", "died", "1976", "),", "Japanese", "ha", "ik", "u", "poet", "in", "the", "Ta", "ish", "ō", "and", "Sh", "ō", "wa", "period", "s", "(", "surname", ":", "O", "g", "i", "war", "a", ")", "August", "31", "–", "Charles", "Re", "z", "n", "ik", "off", ",", "American", "poet", ",", "part", "of", "the", "Ob", "ject", "iv", "ist", "poet", "ry", "movement", "October", "4", "–", "Jun", "T", "su", "ji", "辻", "潤", "(", "died", "1944", "),", "Japanese", "author", ",", "poet", ",", "ess", "ay", "ist", ",", "musician", "and", "bo", "hem", "ian", "(", "surname", ":", "T", "su", "ji", ")", "October", "7", "–", "Dor", "is", "Hu", "est", "is", "Spe", "ir", "s", "(", "died", "1989", "),", "Canadian", "painter", ",", "orn", "ith", "ologist", "and", "poet", "October", "14", "–", "E", ".", "E", ".", "C", "um", "m", "ings", "(", "died", "1962", "),", "American", "poet", "and", "painter", "October", "18", "–", "H", ".", "L", ".", "Davis", "(", "died", "1960", "),", "American", "fiction", "writer", "and", "poet", "October", "22", "–", "Paul", "G", "ran", "o", "(", "died", "1975", "),", "Australian", "poet", "and", "journalist", "December", "26", "–", "Jean", "To", "omer", ",", "American", "poet", "and", "novel", "ist", ",", "part", "of", "the", "Har", "le", "m", "R", "ena", "iss", "ance", "Z", "ah", "ida", "Kh", "at", "un", "Sher", "w", "ani", ",", "writing", "as", "Z", "ay", "Kh", "ay", "She", "en", "(", "died", "1922", "),", "Indian", "Ur", "du", "language", "woman", "poet", "Death", "s", "Bir", "th", "years", "lin", "k", "to", "the", "correspond", "ing", "\"", "[", "year", "]", "in", "poet", "ry", "\"", "article", ":", "January", "24", "–", "Con", "st", "ance", "F", "en", "im", "ore", "W", "o", "ol", "son", "(", "born", "18", "40", "),", "American", "novel", "ist", ",", "short", "-", "story", "writer", "and", "poet", ";", "a", "grand", "nie", "ce", "of", "James", "F", "en", "im", "ore", "Co", "oper", "April", "7", "–", "Ben", "j", "amin", "Frank", "lin", "King", "Jr", ".", "(", "born", "185", "7", "),", "American", "poet", "and", "hum", "or", "ist", "April", "18", "–", "Bank", "im", "Ch", "and", "ra", "Ch", "at", "top", "ad", "hy", "ay", "(", "born", "18", "38", "),", "Beng", "ali", "poet", ",", "novel", "ist", ",", "ess", "ay", "ist", "and", "journalist", "May", "16", "–", "K", "it", "am", "ura", "Tok", "ok", "u", "北", "村", "透", "谷", ",", "pen", "-", "name", "of", "K", "it", "am", "ura", "Mont", "ar", "o", "(", "born", "186", "8", "),", "Japanese", ",", "late", "Me", "ij", "i", "period", "poet", ",", "ess", "ay", "ist", "and", "a", "founder", "of", "the", "modern", "Japanese", "rom", "antic", "liter", "ary", "movement", "(", "surname", ":", "K", "it", "am", "ura", ")", "May", "26", "–", "Rod", "en", "No", "el", "(", "born", "18", "34", "),", "English", "poet", "July", "5", "–", "Bet", "ty", "P", "a", "ol", "i", "(", "born", "18", "15", "),", "Austr", "ian", "poet", "July", "17", "–", "Charles", "Mar", "ie", "Ren", "é", "Le", "con", "te", "de", "L", "is", "le", "(", "born", "18", "18", "),", "French", "poet", "of", "the", "Par", "n", "ass", "ian", "movement", "August", "25", "–", "C", "el", "ia", "Th", "ax", "ter", "(", "born", "18", "35", "),", "American", "poet", "and", "story", "writer", "September", "5", "–", "August", "a", "Web", "ster", "(", "born", "18", "37", "),", "English", "poet", "October", "7", "–", "Ol", "iver", "W", "end", "ell", "Hol", "mes", "(", "born", "180", "9", "),", "American", "physic", "ian", ",", "professor", "and", "poet", "October", "28", "–", "John", "As", "k", "ham", "(", "born", "18", "25", "),", "English", "sh", "o", "em", "aker", "and", "poet", "December", "3", "–", "Robert", "Louis", "Ste", "v", "ens", "on", "(", "born", "18", "50", "),", "Scottish", "novel", "ist", ",", "poet", ",", "ess", "ay", "ist", "and", "travel", "writer", ",", "of", "a", "br", "ain", "ha", "emor", "r", "h", "age", ",", "in", "Sam", "o", "a", "December", "29", "–", "Christ", "ina", "Ros", "sett", "i", "(", "born", "18", "30", "),", "English", "poet", ",", "of", "cancer", "Also", ":", "Robert", "F", "ul", "ler", "Mur", "ray", "(", "born", "186", "3", "),", "American", 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62176316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20Durham%20mayoral%20election	1993 Durham mayoral election	The 1993 Durham mayoral election was held on November 2, 1993 to elect the mayor of Durham, North Carolina. It saw the election of Sylvia Kerckhoff, who unseated incumbent mayor Harry E. Rodenhizer Jr. Kerckhoff became the city's first female mayor. Results General election References Durham Mayoral elections in Durham, North Carolina Durham	[ "The", "1993", "Dur", "ham", "mayor", "al", "election", "was", "held", "on", "November", "2", ",", "1993", "to", "elect", "the", "mayor", "of", "Dur", "ham", ",", "North", "Carolina", ".", "It", "saw", "the", "election", "of", "Sy", "l", "via", "Ker", "ck", "h", "off", ",", "who", "un", "se", "ated", "inc", "umb", "ent", "mayor", "Harry", "E", ".", "Rod", "en", "h", "iz", "er", "Jr", ".", "Ker", "ck", "h", "off", "became", "the", "city", "'", "s", "first", "female", "mayor", ".", "Results", "General", "election", "References", "Dur", "ham", "May", "or", "al", "elections", "in", "Dur", "ham", ",", "North", "Carolina", "Dur", "ham" ]	[ 24627, 26437, 29436, 25484, 29443, 24591, 25990, 24625, 25605, 24584, 25406, 22, 16, 26437, 24601, 26163, 24585, 29443, 24595, 29436, 25484, 16, 25386, 27354, 18, 24805, 26960, 24585, 25990, 24595, 25558, 80, 26851, 29712, 25188, 76, 24894, 16, 24831, 24631, 24620, 24712, 25290, 26086, 24609, 29443, 29637, 41, 18, 28409, 24587, 76, 24782, 24582, 28366, 18, 29712, 25188, 76, 24894, 25244, 24585, 25491, 11, 87, 24818, 26889, 29443, 18, 29175, 25991, 25990, 24838, 29436, 25484, 25176, 24586, 24591, 27806, 24581, 29436, 25484, 16, 25386, 27354, 29436, 25484 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
54492257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency%20House	Regency House	Regency House is a grade II* listed house at 7 Church Street in Framlingham, Suffolk, England. The house is timber-framed, of three storeys, and dates from the early nineteenth century. It is in use as a shop and house. References Grade II* listed buildings in Suffolk Grade II* listed houses Timber framed buildings in Suffolk Framlingham	[ "Re", "gency", "House", "is", "a", "grade", "II", "", "listed", "house", "at", "7", "Church", "Street", "in", "Fr", "am", "ling", "ham", ",", "Su", "ff", "olk", ",", "England", ".", "The", "house", "is", "tim", "ber", "-", "fr", "amed", ",", "of", "three", "store", "ys", ",", "and", "d", "ates", "from", "the", "early", "n", "inet", "een", "th", "century", ".", "It", "is", "in", "use", "as", "a", "shop", "and", "house", ".", "References", "Gr", "ade", "II", "", "listed", "buildings", "in", "Su", "ff", "olk", "Gr", "ade", "II", "*", "listed", "houses", "Tim", "ber", "fr", "amed", "buildings", "in", "Su", "ff", "olk", "Fr", "am", "ling", "ham" ]	[ 24693, 28072, 25816, 24593, 69, 28909, 25205, 14, 26791, 25470, 24590, 27, 25986, 26235, 24581, 24974, 24611, 25632, 25484, 16, 25689, 25078, 27114, 16, 25921, 18, 24627, 25470, 24593, 26951, 24681, 17, 24653, 27435, 16, 24595, 25151, 28678, 25312, 16, 24596, 72, 24855, 24672, 24585, 25551, 82, 27900, 25070, 24580, 25087, 18, 24805, 24593, 24581, 25043, 24594, 69, 29668, 24596, 25470, 18, 24838, 25014, 24899, 25205, 14, 26791, 26800, 24581, 25689, 25078, 27114, 25014, 24899, 25205, 14, 26791, 28149, 27672, 24681, 24653, 27435, 26800, 24581, 25689, 25078, 27114, 24974, 24611, 25632, 25484 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
46759087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle%20Fazzari	Michelle Fazzari	Michelle Cristina Fazzari (born July 10, 1987) is a Canadian wrestler. She finished in 5th place at the 2014 World Wrestling Championships. She has been ranked number 2 in the world. Three weeks after undergoing knee surgery, Fazzari made her Pan Am Games debut at Toronto 2015, finishing seventh. Ivan Yarygin Grand-prix bronze medalist 2015 In July 2016, she was officially named to Canada's 2016 Olympic team. In 2021, she won the gold medal in the 62 kg event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 held in Rome, Italy. References External links 1987 births Brock Badgers wrestlers Canadian female sport wrestlers Living people Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario Wrestlers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games Wrestlers at the 2015 Pan American Games Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic wrestlers for Canada Wrestlers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada World Wrestling Championships medalists Pan American Games competitors for Canada 20th-century Canadian women 21st-century Canadian women Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games	[ "Mic", "hel", "le", "Cr", "ist", "ina", "F", "azz", "ari", "(", "born", "July", "10", ",", "1987", ")", "is", "a", "Canadian", "wrest", "ler", ".", "She", "finished", "in", "5th", "place", "at", "the", "2014", "World", "W", "rest", "ling", "Championships", ".", "She", "has", "been", "ranked", "number", "2", "in", "the", "world", ".", "Three", "weeks", "after", "under", "going", "k", "ne", "e", "sur", "g", "ery", ",", "F", "azz", "ari", "made", "her", "Pan", "Am", "Games", "debut", "at", "Toronto", "2015", ",", "finish", "ing", "seven", "th", ".", "I", "van", "Y", "ary", "gin", "Grand", "-", "pr", "ix", "bronze", "medal", "ist", "2015", "In", "July", "2016", ",", "she", "was", "officially", "named", "to", "Canada", "'", "s", "2016", "Olympic", "team", ".", "In", "2021", ",", "she", "won", "the", "gold", "medal", "in", "the", "62", "k", "g", "event", "at", "the", "Mat", "te", "o", "P", "ell", "ic", "one", "R", "ank", "ing", "Series", "2021", "held", "in", "Rome", ",", "Italy", ".", "References", "External", "links", "1987", "births", "Bro", "ck", "Bad", "gers", "wrest", "lers", "Canadian", "female", "sport", "wrest", "lers", "Living", "people", "Sportspeople", "from", "Ham", "ilton", ",", "Ontario", "W", "rest", "lers", "at", "the", "2014", "Commonwealth", "Games", "W", "rest", "lers", "at", "the", "2015", "Pan", "American", "Games", "W", "rest", "lers", "at", "the", "2016", "Summer", "Olympics", "Olympic", "wrest", "lers", "for", "Canada", "W", "rest", "lers", "at", "the", "2018", "Commonwealth", "Games", "Commonwealth", "Games", "med", "all", "ists", "in", "wrest", "ling", "Commonwealth", "Games", "silver", "med", "all", "ists", "for", "Canada", "World", "W", "rest", "ling", "Championships", "medalists", "Pan", "American", "Games", "compet", "itors", "for", "Canada", "20th", "-", "century", "Canadian", "women", "21st", "-", "century", "Canadian", "women", "Med", "all", "ists", "at", "the", "2018", "Commonwealth", "Games" ]	[ 27328, 25280, 24604, 25709, 24641, 25110, 42, 27501, 26586, 12, 25049, 25363, 24975, 16, 26753, 13, 24593, 69, 26113, 29159, 25819, 18, 25079, 26888, 24581, 29063, 25468, 24590, 24585, 25590, 25166, 59, 25448, 25632, 26962, 18, 25079, 24808, 24948, 29349, 25387, 22, 24581, 24585, 25750, 18, 28336, 28377, 24942, 25016, 27871, 79, 24687, 73, 25281, 75, 25527, 16, 42, 27501, 26586, 25167, 24803, 26596, 25417, 26378, 26097, 24590, 28621, 25611, 16, 27652, 24599, 26564, 24580, 18, 45, 25659, 61, 24713, 26118, 26458, 17, 24666, 25012, 29418, 26720, 24641, 25611, 24657, 25363, 25600, 16, 24971, 24625, 28842, 25533, 24601, 26124, 11, 87, 25600, 27009, 25036, 18, 24657, 25785, 16, 24971, 25400, 24585, 27096, 26720, 24581, 24585, 29533, 79, 75, 25775, 24590, 24585, 27118, 24680, 83, 52, 24731, 24597, 24748, 54, 25358, 24599, 27331, 25785, 25605, 24581, 28832, 16, 27086, 18, 24838, 25065, 25051, 26753, 25393, 26300, 25188, 28492, 29519, 29159, 29068, 26113, 26889, 28776, 29159, 29068, 25766, 24941, 29729, 24672, 26549, 29338, 16, 28672, 59, 25448, 29068, 24590, 24585, 25590, 29689, 26378, 59, 25448, 29068, 24590, 24585, 25611, 26596, 24868, 26378, 59, 25448, 29068, 24590, 24585, 25600, 26558, 26648, 27009, 29159, 29068, 24618, 26124, 59, 25448, 29068, 24590, 24585, 25625, 29689, 26378, 29689, 26378, 24992, 24663, 25006, 24581, 29159, 25632, 29689, 26378, 28735, 24992, 24663, 25006, 24618, 26124, 25166, 59, 25448, 25632, 26962, 28995, 26596, 24868, 26378, 25574, 27751, 24618, 26124, 26025, 17, 25087, 26113, 25522, 26639, 17, 25087, 26113, 25522, 25536, 24663, 25006, 24590, 24585, 25625, 29689, 26378 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
6896434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83getu%20de%20Sus	Făgetu de Sus	Făgetu de Sus may refer to several villages in Romania: Făgetu de Sus, a village in Poiana Vadului Commune, Alba County Făgetu de Sus, a village in Ghimeș-Făget Commune, Bacău County	[ "F", "ă", "get", "u", "de", "Sus", "may", "refer", "to", "several", "villages", "in", "Roman", "ia", ":", "F", "ă", "get", "u", "de", "Sus", ",", "a", "village", "in", "Po", "iana", "V", "ad", "ul", "u", "i", "Comm", "une", ",", "Al", "ba", "County", "F", "ă", "get", "u", "de", "Sus", ",", "a", "village", "in", "Gh", "ime", "ș", "-", "F", "ă", "get", "Comm", "une", ",", "Bac", "ă", "u", "County" ]	[ 42, 226, 25978, 89, 24650, 28845, 25345, 26105, 24601, 25548, 29721, 24581, 25957, 24677, 30, 42, 226, 25978, 89, 24650, 28845, 16, 69, 25879, 24581, 26077, 27372, 58, 24614, 24649, 89, 77, 25258, 25178, 16, 24788, 27317, 25239, 42, 226, 25978, 89, 24650, 28845, 16, 69, 25879, 24581, 28951, 24856, 496, 17, 42, 226, 25978, 25258, 25178, 16, 29293, 226, 89, 25239 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
1116939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragus%20piercing	Tragus piercing	A tragus piercing is the perforation of the tragus, which projects immediately in front of the ear canal, for the purpose of inserting and wearing a piece of jewelry. The piercing itself is usually made with a small gauge hollow piercing needle, and typical jewelry would be a small diameter captive bead ring or small gauge post style piercing jewelry. A related piercing is known as the antitragus piercing. History The popularity of tragus piercings began to increase around 2005, according to a BBC report. Jewelry Barbells, captive bead rings and flat-backed earring studs are the most common types of jewelry worn in tragus piercings. Process The hollow, low-gauge needle used for the piercing can be either straight or curved, depending on the piercer's preference. Tragus piercings are generally not very painful, due to the small number of nerve endings in the tragus, but the sound made may be uncomfortable due to its proximity to the eardrum. Most tragus piercings will take between 3 and 6 months to heal, however some might take up to 12 months to be fully healed. References Ear piercing ru:Пирсинг ушей#Пирсинг козелка	[ "A", "tr", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "cing", "is", "the", "per", "for", "ation", "of", "the", "tr", "ag", "us", ",", "which", "projects", "immediately", "in", "front", "of", "the", "ear", "can", "al", ",", "for", "the", "purpose", "of", "in", "ser", "ting", "and", "wear", "ing", "a", "piece", "of", "j", "ew", "el", "ry", ".", "The", "p", "ier", "cing", "itself", "is", "usually", "made", "with", "a", "small", "g", "au", "ge", "h", "ollow", "p", "ier", "cing", "need", "le", ",", "and", "typ", "ical", "j", "ew", "el", "ry", "would", "be", "a", "small", "di", "ame", "ter", "capt", "ive", "be", "ad", "ring", "or", "small", "g", "au", "ge", "post", "style", "p", "ier", "cing", "j", "ew", "el", "ry", ".", "A", "related", "p", "ier", "cing", "is", "known", "as", "the", "ant", "it", "r", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "cing", ".", "History", "The", "popular", "ity", "of", "tr", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "c", "ings", "began", "to", "increase", "around", "2005", ",", "according", "to", "a", "BBC", "report", ".", "Jew", "el", "ry", "Bar", "bell", "s", ",", "capt", "ive", "be", "ad", "r", "ings", "and", "fl", "at", "-", "back", "ed", "ear", "ring", "stud", "s", "are", "the", "most", "common", "types", "of", "j", "ew", "el", "ry", "wor", "n", "in", "tr", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "c", "ings", ".", "Pro", "cess", "The", "h", "ollow", ",", "low", "-", "g", "au", "ge", "need", "le", "used", "for", "the", "p", "ier", "cing", "can", "be", "either", "stra", "ight", "or", "cur", "ved", ",", "depend", "ing", "on", "the", "p", "ier", "cer", "'", "s", "pre", "ference", ".", "Tr", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "c", "ings", "are", "generally", "not", "very", "pain", "ful", ",", "due", "to", "the", "small", "number", "of", "ner", "ve", "end", "ings", "in", "the", "tr", "ag", "us", ",", "but", "the", "sound", "made", "may", "be", "un", "com", "fort", "able", "due", "to", "its", "pro", "x", "im", "ity", "to", "the", "e", "ard", "rum", ".", "Most", "tr", "ag", "us", "p", "ier", "c", "ings", "will", "take", "between", "3", "and", "6", "months", "to", "he", "al", ",", "however", "some", "might", "take", "up", "to", "12", "months", "to", "be", "fully", "he", "aled", ".", "References", "Ear", "p", "ier", "cing", "ru", ":", "П", "и", "р", "с", "и", "н", "г", "у", "ш", "е", "й", "#", "П", "и", "р", "с", "и", "н", "г", "к", "о", "з", "е", "л", "к", "а" ]	[ 37, 24664, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 27815, 24593, 24585, 24726, 24618, 24626, 24595, 24585, 24664, 24638, 24640, 16, 24763, 29018, 29406, 24581, 26633, 24595, 24585, 24717, 24995, 24591, 16, 24618, 24585, 29619, 24595, 24581, 24777, 25737, 24596, 29340, 24599, 69, 29282, 24595, 78, 24774, 24613, 25064, 18, 24627, 84, 25092, 27815, 27892, 24593, 27263, 25167, 24651, 69, 25734, 75, 24786, 24721, 76, 25083, 84, 25092, 27815, 26924, 24604, 16, 24596, 26713, 24757, 78, 24774, 24613, 25064, 25084, 24636, 69, 25734, 25817, 24741, 24621, 27075, 24723, 24636, 24614, 27821, 24586, 25734, 75, 24786, 24721, 25890, 25698, 84, 25092, 27815, 78, 24774, 24613, 25064, 18, 37, 26974, 84, 25092, 27815, 24593, 25137, 24594, 24585, 24738, 24598, 86, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 27815, 18, 25592, 24627, 26383, 24683, 24595, 24664, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 71, 24939, 25623, 24601, 28539, 25787, 25710, 16, 27753, 24601, 69, 28321, 27632, 18, 26508, 24613, 25064, 25497, 27540, 87, 16, 27075, 24723, 24636, 24614, 86, 24939, 24596, 24949, 24590, 17, 25152, 24588, 24717, 27821, 25117, 87, 24686, 24585, 25066, 26771, 28991, 24595, 78, 24774, 24613, 25064, 24784, 82, 24581, 24664, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 71, 24939, 18, 25057, 25013, 24627, 76, 25083, 16, 26401, 17, 75, 24786, 24721, 26924, 24604, 25030, 24618, 24585, 84, 25092, 27815, 24995, 24636, 27360, 28867, 24789, 24586, 25069, 25501, 16, 25836, 24599, 24584, 24585, 84, 25092, 25040, 11, 87, 24970, 25947, 18, 25024, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 71, 24939, 24686, 28005, 24809, 25878, 25988, 25180, 16, 25769, 24601, 24585, 25734, 25387, 24595, 25651, 24961, 24725, 24939, 24581, 24585, 24664, 24638, 24640, 16, 24835, 24585, 27022, 25167, 25345, 24636, 24631, 24665, 26683, 24914, 25769, 24601, 24783, 24685, 92, 24634, 24683, 24601, 24585, 73, 24695, 29975, 18, 27286, 24664, 24638, 24640, 84, 25092, 71, 24939, 25494, 26294, 25142, 23, 24596, 26, 26969, 24601, 24607, 24591, 16, 26537, 25191, 28792, 26294, 24772, 24601, 25074, 26969, 24601, 24636, 28416, 24607, 27526, 18, 24838, 25751, 84, 25092, 27815, 26325, 30, 983, 1008, 1016, 1017, 1008, 1013, 1003, 1019, 1024, 1005, 1009, 7, 983, 1008, 1016, 1017, 1008, 1013, 1003, 1010, 1014, 1007, 1005, 1011, 1010, 1000 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

49619732

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarization%20%28photography%29

Solarization (photography)

In photography, solarization is the effect of tone reversal observed in cases of extreme overexposure of the photographic film in the camera. Most likely, the effect was first observed in scenery photographs including the sun. The sun, instead of being the whitest spot in the image, turned black or grey. For instance, Minor White's photograph of a winter scene, The Black Sun 1955, was a result of the shutter of his camera freezing in the open position, producing severe overexposure. Ansel Adams had also earlier created a solarized sun image, titled Black Sun, Owens Valley, California, 1939, by overexposure. Definition When a photographic layer, suitable for solarization (see below), is exposed to actinic radiation, the resulting darkening after development will not increase steadily, but reaches a maximum which decreases under more intense exposure. In general is the phenomenon only then called solarization if the exposure has been produced in one "shot", meaning no pauses or double-exposures. The exposure to achieve solarization can be increased by exposure time or by increasing the light intensity History The solarization effect was already known to Daguerre and is one of the earliest known effects in photography. John William Draper was the first to call the overexposure effect solarisation. J.W.F. Herschel already observed the reversal of the image from negative to positive by extreme overexposure in 1840. Also N.M.P. Lerebours observed the phenomenon in 1842 (without him recognizing what it was) when he made a daguerreotype of an image of the sun. The result was seen as unsatisfactory because the solar disk (image of the sun on the daguerreotype plate) was overexposed and solarized. Ludwig Moser reported in 1843: "...that the light in the camera obscura produces at first the well known negative image; with continued action of the light the image turns into a positive image.... and recently I have obtained in fact on occasion a third image which is negative". In 1880 Janssen had obtained in the strongest sunlight a repetition of the solarization phenomena. Explanation Not every photographic layer exhibits solarization. Pure Chloride and Iodine based silver emulsions are difficult or unable to solarize. In general, it can be stated that solarisation can only be observed if the photographic layer is capable to create a latent image inside the halide grain underexposure by actinic radiation. Many explanations have been given but until further notice, the solarization was until 1929 generally understood as a combination of two main processes: the coagulation (clotting) and the regression process. Regression theory The regression process theory was formulated by H. Luppo-Cramer in 1911, based on research by F. Hurter, V.C. Driffield and H. Luggin. By exposure the surface and the interior of a silver-bromide sphere will disintegrate by the expulsion of bromide. Whereas the bromide on the surface can permeate away, the bromide can not so easily permeate away from the interior. The overexposure generates now a bromide pressure that escapes from the internal sphere and permeates to the surface where it oxidizes the latent image situated there, constituting the regular latent image under normal exposures. This destroys the latent image, because only silver on the surface can be developed. Coagulation theory H. Arens published in 1925 a paper about reversal effects in which he concluded that solarization is based upon the finding that under increasing exposure the latent image successively coagulates and thus increases the size of each particular silverspeck. This again causes the silverspeck to lose its catalytic effect for the development. Bromide migration theory H. Kieser published in 1929 a paper in which he speculated about the possibility of bromide migration by defect electrons (more: Photosensitivity). In recent years an understanding has been agreed upon in which this bromide migration to the surface by overexposure forms a bromine condensation, resulting in bromine molecules or bromine atoms diffusing to the silverspecks of the latent image. Thus the latent image at the crystal surface can be re-halogenated by chemical reaction, notwithstanding an increase of the amount of latent image in the interior of the crystal. Still, the regression and coagulation theories are believed to contribute up to a certain level to the solarization effect. Pseudo-solarization Pseudo-solarisation (or pseudo-solarization) is a phenomenon in photography in which the image recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially reversed in tone. Dark areas appear light or light areas appear dark. The term is synonymous with the Sabattier-effect when referring to negatives. Solarisation and pseudo-solarisation are quite distinct effects. In short, the mechanism is due to halogen ions released within the halide grain by exposure diffusing to the grain surface in amounts sufficient to destroy the latent image. References Photographic techniques Science of photography

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"areas", "appear", "dark", ".", "The", "term", "is", "syn", "onym", "ous", "with", "the", "Sab", "att", "ier", "-", "effect", "when", "refer", "ring", "to", "neg", "atives", ".", "Sol", "ar", "isation", "and", "p", "se", "ud", "o", "-", "sol", "ar", "isation", "are", "qu", "ite", "distin", "ct", "effects", ".", "In", "short", ",", "the", "mechan", "ism", "is", "due", "to", "hal", "og", "en", "ions", "released", "within", "the", "hal", "ide", "gr", "ain", "by", "ex", "pos", "ure", "diff", "using", "to", "the", "gr", "ain", "surface", "in", "amoun", "ts", "su", "fficient", "to", "destroy", "the", "l", "at", "ent", "image", ".", "References", "Ph", "oto", "graph", "ic", "techn", "i", "ques", "Science", "of", "photo", "graphy" ]

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68659020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20frigate%20Mehemet%20Ali

Egyptian frigate Mehemet Ali

Mehemet Ali was a steam frigate of the navy of the Khedivate of Egypt. She was probably built in England and was launched circa 1860. Mehemet Ali deployed to Port Said in 1874 to support Egyptian Army forces under General Charles Pomeroy Stone during a dispute with the Suez Canal Company. She served as an escort to troopships during the 1877 Russo-Turkish War and was laid up in 1880. Design and construction Mehemet Ali was built circa 1860, probably in England. She was named after Muhammad Ali of Egypt who ruled Egypt from 1805 to 1848. Mehemet Ali displaced 1,735 tons and was propelled by three masts and a steam engine of 800 nominal horsepower. She was long, with a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She was armed with 20x Krupp 4.7 inch guns and 10x 40-pounder breech loading guns and was iron hulled. Service In October 1864 Mehemet Ali carried the wife of Isma'il Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, from the Bosphorus to Alexandria. Mehemet Ali was posted to Port Said in April 1874 to support forces, under General Charles Pomeroy Stone of the Egyptian Army, mobilised because of a dispute over tolls between the Khedive and the Suez Canal Company. The affair ended with the company accepting the new, lower toll rates. On 19 January 1877 Mehemet Ali was in harbour at Constantinople when the British merchant steamship Joseph Love was driven onto her by the wind. The Joseph Love sank with the loss of one of her crew drowned. Some 12 crewmen scrambled onto the Mehemet Ali and were aided by her crew; the remaining eight crew of the Joseph Love, including her captain, escaped by ship's boat. The Egyptians provided dinner to the shipwrecked men before they were handed over to a Royal Navy ship. Mehemet Ali was damaged badly at her bow and, having taken on a large quantity of water, was beached on the Kourou-tehesmé Shoal to save her from sinking. The Mehemet Ali helped escort transports carrying Egyptian forces to the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. By this time she was described by one former navy officer as "as much good as a cardboard box". Mehemet Ali was laid up in December 1880. Fate Mehemet Ali had her machinery removed from her in around 1890 and was employed as a stationary guardship at Alexandria. She was discarded in around 1898. References Frigates of the Egyptian Navy Steam frigates 1860s ships Maritime incidents in January 1877

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60640421

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul%20Albert%20La%20Roche

Raoul Albert La Roche

Raoul Albert La Roche (23 February 1889 - 15 June 1965) was a Swiss banker and art collector. He was especially interested in purism and cubism and his collections have been donated to museums in Switzerland and France. His home in Paris, Maison La Roche, was designed by his friend Le Corbusier and now houses the Le Corbusier Foundation. Early life Raoul Albert La Roche was born on 23 February 1889, and grew up in Basel, Switzerland in a bourgeois family, very closely linked to the world of art. He was the second son of the banker Louis La Roche and Emilie Caroline Burckhardt. He studied at the School of Trading in Neuchâtel (Switzerland), and became an apprentice in the Bank of Basel, and worked in Berlin and London. Career In 1912, at the age of 23, La Roche moved to Paris to work for the (BSF), which became in 1917 the . He made his career there, retiring in 1954. In 1940, during the invasion of France by the German army, he left Paris and moved to Lyon, keeping his job at the bank, until the end of the war. He returned to Paris after the war. Links with the artistic world In 1918, La Roche met Le Corbusier and was attracted to the purism style of painting whose foundations were laid by Le Corbusier. In 1922, on the occasion of a trip to Venice and Vicenza (Italy) with Le Corbusier, La Roche planned to have a villa built by his friend. This project became the "Villa della Rocca" (Villa La Roche) in Paris, at the "". The villa was built in joint ownership with Le Corbusier's brother, the violinist Albert Jeanneret, and housed his collections of paintings, including works by Picasso, Braque, Fernand Léger. La Roche donated this villa to Le Corbusier for his foundation. Death La Roche died on 15 June 1965 in Basel. He bequeathed one-third of his collection to the Musée du Louvre, another third to his hometown (Basel), which can be seen in the Kunstmuseum Basel, and the last third to the Fondation Le Corbusier. References Further reading Jacques Sbriglio, Le Corbusier: les villas la Roche-Jeanneret, éd. Fondation Le Corbusier, 1997, La Revue des arts, vol. 3 à 4, pages 250–251, éd. Conseil des musées nationaux, 1953 Pierre Courthion, D'une palette à l'autre: mémoires d'un critique d'art, éd. Baconnière Arts, 2004, Andrew Ayers, The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide, pages 245–247, Édition Axel Menges, 2004, Christopher Green, Art in France, 1900-1940, pages 57–58, ed. Yale University Press, 2003, Modern Man: The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow, p. 30 K. Schmidt, H. Fischer, éd., Ein Haus für den Kubismus: die Sammlung Raoul La Roche, p. 9 cat. expo. Bâle, 1998 External links Schmidt, H. Katharina (2007) La Roche, Raoul. In Historiches Lexicon der Schweiz. (in German). Metropolitan Museum 1889 births 1965 deaths Swiss art collectors Patrons of the arts People from Basel-Landschaft Swiss bankers

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6219712

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropexy

Nephropexy

Nephropexy is the surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney (nephroptosis). It was first performed by Eugen Hahn on 10 April 1881. References Urologic surgery

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2897106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy%C3%B3n-Oion

Oyón-Oion

Oyón in Spanish or Oion in Basque is a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. The town was formed by the incorporation of the towns Barriobusto and Labraza. It is located just 5km north of the city of Logroño in La Rioja. Oyón is a sister city of the French town Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx. References External links Oyón-Oion in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia Municipalities in Álava

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26233572

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20Louw

Francois Louw

Francois Louw (born 15 June 1985) is a South African former professional rugby union player. A flanker, he played for , the Stormers and English club . He won 76 international caps for South Africa, and was part of the team that won the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Early life Louw was born in Cape Town and is the grandson of the former South African international Jan Pickard. He attended Bishops College in Cape Town and studied rugby at the University of Stellenbosch. Playing career He represented the Stormers in Super Rugby, having made his debut during the 2008 season. He also played for in the Currie Cup. Louw was part of the Stormers team that lost the 2010 Super 14 Final to the Bulls. On 12 July 2011 it was announced that Louw signed for Bath Rugby on a 3-year deal. International Following the Super 14 season, Louw made his debut for South Africa against Wales at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. He played the entire game as South Africa won 34–31. Louw was selected for South Africa's next match, against France at his home ground, Newlands Stadium in Cape Town. Louw scored the last of five tries, helping South Africa to a 42–17 victory. After taking part in South Africa's victorious two-match series against Italy, including a try in the first Test, Louw made his Tri Nations debut in July 2010. It was the first time Louw experienced defeat as a Springbok, with New Zealand winning the game 32–12. He has become a mainstay in the Springbok side, becoming the first choice openside flank under the reign of Heyneke Meyer. He had the second most turnovers won at the 2015 Rugby World Cup with 13. He has also shown strong running and some skilful play. In 2013, against the All Blacks at Ellis Park, he made a strong run then an offload in the tackle to set up Bryan Habana for a try. Louw was named in South Africa's squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. South Africa won the tournament, defeating England in the final. Notes References External links Bath rugby profile MyPlayers profile 1985 births Living people South African rugby union players South Africa international rugby union players South African people of Dutch descent Stormers players Western Province (rugby union) players Bath Rugby players Rugby union flankers Rugby union players from Cape Town Afrikaner people South African expatriate rugby union players South African expatriate sportspeople in England Expatriate rugby union players in England 2011 Rugby World Cup players 2015 Rugby World Cup players 2019 Rugby World Cup players

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69302348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai%20Stargazer

Hyundai Stargazer

The Hyundai Stargazer is a compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by Hyundai Motor Company in Indonesia since 2022. The vehicle was first introduced on 15 July 2022 when the first units of the vehicle rolled off its assembly line at HMMI in Cikarang. It was launched and made its public debut at the 29th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 11 August. Markets Indonesia For the Indonesian market, the Stargazer is available in four initial grade levels: Active, Trend, Style and Prime. The former two grades are available with either 6-speed manual or IVT transmission options, while the latter two grades are only available with IVT transmission as standard. Captains seats are optional for each grade except for the Active grade. Hyundai SmartSense driver-assistance system is standard for the Prime grade. The Stargazer received an update on 17 July 2023. Updates consists of a revised dashboard design for all grades, new rear disc brakes and electronic parking brake with auto brake hold for the Prime grade, and a new grade called Essential, replacing the Trend grade. Vietnam In Vietnam, the Stargazer was launched on 20 October 2022. It is offered in Standard, Special and Premium grades. Captain seats are available as an option for the Premium grade. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the Premium grade. Imported from Indonesia, local production will begin in 2023. Philippines In the Philippines, the Stargazer was launched on 8 November 2022 and is offered in GL, GLS and GLS Premium grades. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the GLS Premium grade. While the Captain Seats option for the GLS Premium grade was previewed at the 18th Manila International Auto Show on 13 April 2023 and it was made available to the dealerships on 16 October 2023. Thailand In Thailand, the Stargazer was revealed on 30 November 2022 at the 39th Thailand International Motor Expo. Sales began on 20 March 2023. Brunei In Brunei, the Stargazer was launched on 5 May 2023 and the model were offered in High (7-seater) and Premium (6-seater) variants. Hyundai SmartSense is standard for the Premium variant. The Standard (7-seater) variant was added in July 2023. Stargazer X The Stargazer X is a more rugged-looking variant of the regular Stargazer. It was revealed at the 30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 10 August 2023. Available in Style and Prime grades, it can be distinguished by the redesigned bonnet, grille and bumper guards, addition of black over fenders, side body cladding, roof rails, rear spoiler, 17-inch alloy wheels, and Bose-branded audio system. It was also unveiled in Thailand on 26 September 2023, with official launch scheduled on 4 October 2023. It is only offered in a single grade level. It was also launched in the Philippines on October 16, 2023 alongside the Hyundai Custin. Like the Thai model, it is only available in a single grade level. Safety Sales References External links Stargazer Cars introduced in 2022 Compact MPVs Front-wheel-drive vehicles Vehicles with CVT transmission

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37008320

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagdstaffel%2039

Jagdstaffel 39

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 39, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 39, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. The unit would score 68 aerial victories during the war, including 14 observation balloons downed. The squadron's victories came at the expense of seven pilots killed in action, one killed in a flying accident, five wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war. History Jasta 39 was founded on 30 June 1917 at Fliegerersatz-Abteilung (Replacement Detachment) 15, Hannover, Germany. It held its first formation 2 August 1917, under its original commander, Karl August Raben. It would serve until war's end, when the Luftstreitkräfte was disbanded. Commanding officers (Staffelführer) August Raben: 2 August 1917 (to Jasta 15 as Staffelführer on 14 March 1918) Franz von Kerssenbrock: 17 November 1917 Josef Loeser: 4 December 1917 Johann Hesselink: 4 April 1918 Duty stations Hannover, Germany: 30 June 1917 Ensisheim: 2 August 1917 Campoformido, Italy: San Giacomo, Italy Roveredo, Italy Cervada, Italy San Fior, Italy St. Loup, Champagne, France: March 1918 Boncourt, France Guesnain, France Bapaume, France Rocourt-Saint-Martin, France Erre, France Bühl, France Notable personnel Bernhard Ultsch Wilhelm Hippert Ludwig Gaim Reinhold Jörke Operations Jasta 39 opened combat operations in support of Armee-Abteilung B on 15 August 1917. On 15 September 1917, it was transferred to Italy, where it would score 41 aerial victories. The squadron would return to France in March 1918, and serve there until war's end. Aircraft Jasta 39 operated Albatros D.III and Albatros D.V fighters while in Italy. It is not known what other aircraft were used. References Bibliography 39 Military units and formations established in 1917 1917 establishments in Germany Military units and formations disestablished in 1918

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1528057

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overstrand%20Local%20Municipality

Overstrand Local Municipality

Overstrand Municipality (; ) is a local municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is located along the Atlantic coast between Cape Town and Cape Agulhas, within the Overberg District Municipality. The principal towns in the municipality are Hermanus, Gansbaai and Kleinmond. , it had a population of 80,432. Geography The municipality covers an area of stretching along the coast of the Overberg, from the eastern edge of False Bay almost to Cape Agulhas. At its western end it is separated from the City of Cape Town by the Kogelberg mountains; to the north it is separated from the Theewaterskloof Municipality by the Kogelberg and the Kleinrivier Mountains; and to the east it abuts on the Cape Agulhas Municipality along a boundary that runs generally north-south just to the west of Elim. The western part of the municipality consists mostly of a narrow coastal plain with mountains immediately behind, while the eastern part beyond the Klein River expands away from the coast to include a wider agricultural region. According to the 2011 census the municipality has a population of 80,432 people in 28,010 households. Of this population, 36.2% describe themselves as "Black African", 31.2% as "White", and 31.0% as "Coloured". The first language of 53.5% of the population is Afrikaans, while 29.2% speak Xhosa, 12.3% speak English and 1.4% speak Sotho. Most of the towns in the municipality are on the coast, and due to the proximity to Cape Town many are holiday resorts. The largest town is Hermanus, which is situated on the northern edge of Walker Bay next to the Klein River mouth. As of 2011 Hermanus, which is the site of the municipal headquarters, has a population of 32,769. West of Hermanus, between it and the Bot River, are Onrusrivier (pop. 5,151) and Hawston (pop. 8,214) on the coast, and Fisherhaven (pop. 723) on the Bot River lagoon. On the other side of the Bot River mouth is the town of Kleinmond (pop. 6,634) and beyond it along the coast are Betty's Bay (pop. 1,380), Pringle Bay (pop. 801) and Rooi-Els (pop. 125). East of Hermanus the municipality includes a wider agricultural area away from the coast. The village of Stanford (pop. 4,797) is about inland on the Klein River. To the south, on the opposite side of Walker Bay from Hermanus, is the second-largest town in the municipality, Gansbaai (pop. 11,598). Just south of Gansbaai, on the southern edge of the Danger Point peninsula, are Van Dyksbaai (pop. 500) and Franskraalstrand (pop. 1,165). A little further along the coast is Pearly Beach (pop. 1,042). Inland from Pearly Beach, separated from the coast by a range of hills, is the agricultural hamlet of Baardskeerdersbos (pop. 103), while Wolvengat (pop. 50) is another agricultural hamlet in the far south-east of the municipality. Politics The municipal council consists of twenty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirteen wards, while the remaining twelve are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. History By the end of the apartheid era in the early 1990s there were various local authorities established on a racially-segregated basis in the area that was to become Overstrand. Municipal councils were elected by the white residents of the towns of Betty's Bay, Kleinmond, Onrusrivier, Hermanus, Stanford, and Gansbaai; and local councils by the white residents of the villages and holiday resorts: Pringle Bay, Rooi-Els, Vermont, Sandbaai, Pearly Beach, De Kelders, Kleinbaai, and Franskraalstrand. The coloured areas of Kleinmond, Stanford, Hawston, Mount Pleasant and Gansbaai were governed by management committees subordinate to the white municipalities; and the black area of Zwelihle was governed by a town council established under the Black Local Authorities Act. Rural areas were served by the Overberg Regional Services Council. While the negotiations to end apartheid were taking place a process was established for local authorities to negotiate voluntary mergers. In January 1993 the Municipality of Kleinmond merged with its management committee to form a single Municipality for the Area of Kleinmond; and the Municipality of Gansbaai merged with its management committee and the local councils of De Kelders, Kleinbaai, Franskraalstrand and Pearly Beach to form a single Municipality for the Area of Gansbaai. In January 1994 the Betty's Bay Municipality merged with the local councils of Pringle Bay and Rooi-Els to form the Hangklip Municipality. After the national elections of 1994 a process of local government transformation began, in which negotiations were held between the existing local authorities, political parties, and local community organisations. As an outcome of these negotiations, transitional local councils (TLCs) were created and the existing local authorities were dissolved. In December 1994, the Greater Hermanus TLC replaced the Hermanus Municipality, the Onrusrivier Municipality, the Zwelihle Town Council, the management committees of Hawston and Mount Pleasant, and the local councils of Vermont and Sandbaai. In the same month the Gansbaai TLC replaced the Municipality for the Area of Gansbaai. In January 1995 Hangklip/Kleinmond TLC replaced Hangklip Municipality and the Municipality for the Area of Kleinmond, and the Stanford TLC replaced the Municipality of Stanford and the Stanford Management Committee. The transitional councils were initially made up of members nominated by the various parties to the negotiations, until May 1996 when elections were held. At these elections the Overberg District Council was established, replacing the Overberg Regional Services Council. Transitional representative councils (TRCs) were also elected to represent rural areas outside the TLCs on the District Council; the area that was to become Overstrand included the Hermanus TRC as well as parts of the Caledon and Bredasdorp TRCs. At the local elections of December 2000 the TLCs and TRCs were dissolved, and the Overstrand Municipality was created as a single local authority incorporating both rural and urban areas. It was considered a stronghold of the now defunct New National Party (NNP), which had held (sometimes concealed) majorities of two thirds in the predecessor municipalities after the November 1995 municipal elections, which were the first since South Africa had its first multi-racial elections. After the 2000 election, Willie Smuts, previously mayor of Hangklip-Kleinmond Municipality, was elected mayor, representing the Democratic Alliance (DA), before he defected along with seven other DA councillors to the New National Party (NNP) after the October 2002 floor-crossing window. The NNP then formed a coalition with the African National Congress (ANC) when the council was reconstituted. After the September 2004 floor crossing Smuts then crossed the floor to the ANC along with most NNP councillors which gave the ANC an outright majority in the town for the first time. At the time of the March 2006 local elections the eastern boundary with Cape Agulhas Municipality was moved west, with Cape Agulhas taking over rural land to the north and south of Elim. In the 2006 elections the DA won an outright majority of 10 seats in the 19-seat council. Willie Smuts was replaced as Mayor by Theo Beyleveldt. The DA consolidated its hold in the council following the September 2007 floor crossing window which saw the party gain an eleventh seat from the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP). The ANC lost a seat to the newly formed National People's Party, as did the Independent Democrats, whose only representative in the Overstrand Council crossed over. In the May 2011 local elections, the DA again won Overstrand outright, taking fifteen of the twenty-five seats on the council, with the ANC taking nine and the National Independent Civic Organisation one. In the August 2016 local elections, the DA increased its majority to sixteen of twenty-five seats, with the ANC taking eight and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) taking one. In a by-election in December 2020, the Land Party won a seat from the ANC In the November 2021 local elections, the council was expanded to twenty-seven seats. The DA won seventeen seats, the ANC four, the Land Party and the Freedom Front Plus two each, and the EFF and the ACDP one each. Election results The most recent election of the municipal council was held on 1 November 2021; the Democratic Alliance won a majority of 17 seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the 2021 election. Mayors Annelie Rabie (1 November 2021 until present) (DA) Dudley Coetzee (28 February 2018 – 30 October 2021) (DA) Rudolph Smith (2016–2018; died on 5 January 2018) Nicolette Botha-Guthrie (2010–2016) (DA) Theo Beyleveldt (March 2006 – 2010) (DA) Willie Smuts (September 2004 – March 2006) (ANC) Willie Smuts (October 2002 – September 2004) (NNP) Willie Smuts (December 2000 – October 2002) (DA) References External links Official website Overstrand Local Municipality on the Western Cape Government website Local municipalities of the Overberg District Municipality

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"River", "mouth", ".", "As", "of", "2011", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "which", "is", "the", "site", "of", "the", "municipal", "head", "quarters", ",", "has", "a", "population", "of", "32", ",", "76", "9", ".", "West", "of", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "between", "it", "and", "the", "B", "ot", "River", ",", "are", "On", "r", "us", "r", "iv", "ier", "(", "pop", ".", "5", ",", "15", "1", ")", "and", "Haw", "ston", "(", "pop", ".", "8", ",", "21", "4", ")", "on", "the", "coast", ",", "and", "Fish", "er", "h", "aven", "(", "pop", ".", "7", "23", ")", "on", "the", "B", "ot", "River", "l", "ago", "on", ".", "On", "the", "other", "side", "of", "the", "B", "ot", "River", "mouth", "is", "the", "town", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", "(", "pop", ".", "6", ",", "6", "34", ")", "and", "bey", "ond", "it", "along", "the", "coast", "are", "Bet", "ty", "'", "s", "Bay", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "3", "80", "),", "Pr", "ing", "le", "Bay", "(", "pop", ".", "80", "1", ")", "and", "Ro", "o", "i", "-", "El", "s", "(", "pop", ".", "12", "5", ").", "East", "of", "Her", "man", "us", "the", "municipality", "includes", "a", "wid", "er", "agricult", "ural", "area", "away", "from", "the", "coast", ".", "The", "village", "of", "Stan", "ford", "(", "pop", ".", "4", ",", "79", "7", ")", "is", "about", "in", "land", "on", "the", "K", "le", "in", "River", ".", "To", "the", "south", ",", "on", "the", "op", "pos", "ite", "side", "of", "Wal", "ker", "Bay", "from", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "is", "the", "second", "-", "largest", "town", "in", "the", "municipality", ",", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "(", "pop", ".", "11", ",", "59", "8", ").", "Just", "south", "of", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", ",", "on", "the", "southern", "edge", "of", "the", "D", "anger", "Point", "pen", "ins", "ula", ",", "are", "Van", "D", "y", "ks", "ba", "ai", "(", "pop", ".", "500", ")", "and", "Fran", "sk", "ra", "al", "str", "and", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "16", "5", ").", "A", "little", "further", "along", "the", "coast", "is", "P", "early", "Beach", "(", "pop", ".", "1", ",", "0", "42", ").", "In", "land", "from", "P", "early", "Beach", ",", "separ", "ated", "from", "the", "coast", "by", "a", "range", "of", "hill", "s", ",", "is", "the", "agricult", "ural", "ham", "let", "of", "Ba", "ards", "ke", "er", "d", "ers", "b", "os", "(", "pop", ".", "10", "3", "),", "while", "W", "ol", "v", "eng", "at", "(", "pop", ".", "50", ")", "is", "another", "agricult", "ural", "ham", "let", "in", "the", "far", "south", "-", "east", "of", "the", "municipality", ".", "Polit", "ics", "The", "municipal", "council", "consists", "of", "twenty", "-", "five", "members", "elected", "by", "mixed", "-", "member", "pro", "port", "ional", "represent", "ation", ".", "Th", "ir", "teen", "coun", "c", "ill", "ors", "are", "elected", "by", "first", "-", "past", "-", "the", "-", "post", "vot", "ing", "in", "th", "ir", "teen", "wards", ",", "while", "the", "remaining", "tw", "el", "ve", "are", "ch", "osen", "from", "party", "l", "ists", "so", "that", "the", "total", "number", "of", "party", "represent", "atives", "is", "pro", "port", "ional", "to", "the", "number", "of", "votes", "received", ".", "History", "By", "the", "end", "of", "the", "ap", "ar", "the", "id", "era", "in", "the", "early", "1990s", "there", "were", "various", "local", "authorities", "established", "on", "a", "rac", "ially", "-", "se", "greg", "ated", "basis", "in", "the", "area", "that", "was", "to", "become", "Over", "str", "and", ".", "Municip", "al", "council", "s", "were", "elected", "by", "the", "white", "residents", "of", "the", "towns", "of", "Bet", "ty", "'", "s", "Bay", ",", "K", "le", "in", "mond", ",", "On", "r", "us", "r", "iv", "ier", ",", "Her", "man", "us", ",", "Stan", "ford", ",", "and", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", ";", "and", "local", "council", "s", "by", "the", "white", "residents", "of", "the", "villages", "and", "hol", "iday", "res", "or", "ts", ":", "Pr", "ing", "le", "Bay", ",", "Ro", "o", "i", "-", "El", "s", ",", "Ver", "mont", ",", "Sand", "ba", "ai", ",", "P", "early", "Beach", ",", "De", "Kel", "d", "ers", ",", "K", "le", "in", "ba", "ai", ",", "and", "Fran", "sk", "ra", "al", "str", "and", ".", "The", "col", "our", "ed", "areas", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", ",", "Stan", "ford", ",", "Haw", "ston", ",", "Mount", "P", "le", "as", "ant", "and", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "were", "govern", "ed", "by", "management", "commit", "te", "es", "sub", "ordin", "ate", "to", "the", "white", "municipal", "ities", ";", "and", "the", "black", "area", "of", "Z", "w", "el", "i", "h", "le", "was", "govern", "ed", "by", "a", "town", "council", "established", "under", "the", "Black", "Loc", "al", "Au", "thor", "ities", "Act", ".", "R", "ural", "areas", "were", "served", "by", "the", "Over", "berg", "Regional", "Services", "Council", ".", "While", "the", "ne", "got", "i", "ations", "to", "end", "ap", "ar", "the", "id", "were", "taking", "place", "a", "process", "was", "established", "for", "local", "authorities", "to", "ne", "got", "i", "ate", "vol", "unt", "ary", "mer", "gers", ".", "In", "January", "1993", "the", "Municip", "ality", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", "mer", "ged", "with", "its", "management", "committee", "to", "form", "a", "single", "Municip", "ality", "for", "the", "Area", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", ";", "and", "the", "Municip", "ality", "of", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "mer", "ged", "with", "its", "management", "committee", "and", "the", "local", "council", "s", "of", "De", "Kel", "d", "ers", ",", "K", "le", "in", "ba", "ai", ",", "Fran", "sk", "ra", "al", "str", "and", "and", "P", "early", "Beach", "to", "form", "a", "single", "Municip", "ality", "for", "the", "Area", "of", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", ".", "In", "January", "1994", "the", "Bet", "ty", "'", "s", "Bay", "Municip", "ality", "mer", "ged", "with", "the", "local", "council", "s", "of", "Pr", "ing", "le", "Bay", "and", "Ro", "o", "i", "-", "El", "s", "to", "form", "the", "H", "ang", "k", "l", "ip", "Municip", "ality", ".", "After", "the", "national", "elections", "of", "1994", "a", "process", "of", "local", "government", "trans", "formation", "began", ",", "in", "which", "ne", "got", "i", "ations", "were", "held", "between", "the", "existing", "local", "authorities", ",", "political", "parties", ",", "and", "local", "community", "organ", "is", "ations", ".", "As", "an", "out", "come", "of", "these", "ne", "got", "i", "ations", ",", "trans", "ition", "al", "local", "council", "s", "(", "T", "L", "C", "s", ")", "were", "created", "and", "the", "existing", "local", "authorities", "were", "diss", "ol", "ved", ".", "In", "December", "1994", ",", "the", "Gre", "ater", "Her", "man", "us", "T", "L", "C", "replaced", "the", "Her", "man", "us", "Municip", "ality", ",", "the", "On", "r", "us", "r", "iv", "ier", "Municip", "ality", ",", "the", "Z", "w", "el", "i", "h", "le", "Town", "Council", ",", "the", "management", "commit", "te", "es", "of", "Haw", "ston", "and", "Mount", "P", "le", "as", "ant", ",", "and", "the", "local", "council", "s", "of", "Ver", "mont", "and", "Sand", "ba", "ai", ".", "In", "the", "same", "month", "the", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", "T", "L", "C", "replaced", "the", "Municip", "ality", "for", "the", "Area", "of", "G", "ans", "ba", "ai", ".", "In", "January", "1995", "H", "ang", "k", "l", "ip", "/", "K", "le", "in", "mond", "T", "L", "C", "replaced", "H", "ang", "k", "l", "ip", "Municip", "ality", "and", "the", "Municip", "ality", "for", "the", "Area", "of", "K", "le", "in", "mond", ",", "and", "the", "Stan", "ford", "T", "L", "C", "replaced", "the", "Municip", "ality", "of", "Stan", "ford", "and", "the", "Stan", "ford", "Management", "Committee", ".", "The", "trans", "ition", "al", "council", "s", "were", "initially", "made", "up", "of", "members", "nominated", "by", "the", "various", "parties", "to", "the", "ne", "got", "i", "ations", ",", "until", "May", "1996", "when", "elections", "were", "held", ".", "At", "these", "elections", "the", "Over", "berg", "District", "Council", "was", "established", ",", "replac", "ing", "the", "Over", "berg", "Regional", "Services", "Council", ".", "Trans", "ition", "al", "represent", "ative", "council", "s", "(", "T", "R", "C", "s", ")", "were", "also", "elected", "to", "represent", "rural", "areas", "outside", "the", "T", "L", "C", "s", "on", "the", "District", "Council", ";", "the", "area", "that", "was", "to", "become", "Over", "str", "and", "included", "the", "Her", "man", "us", "T", "R", "C", "as", "well", "as", "parts", "of", "the", "Cal", "ed", "on", "and", "Br", "ed", "as", "d", "or", "p", "T", "R", "C", "s", ".", "At", "the", "local", "elections", "of", "December", "2000", "the", "T", "L", "C", "s", "and", "T", "R", "C", "s", "were", "diss", "ol", "ved", ",", "and", "the", "Over", "str", "and", "Municip", "ality", "was", "created", "as", "a", "single", "local", "author", "ity", "incorpor", "ating", "both", "rural", "and", "urban", "areas", ".", "It", "was", "considered", "a", "strong", "hold", "of", "the", "now", "def", "un", "ct", "New", "National", "Party", "(", "N", "N", "P", "),", "which", "had", "held", "(", "sometimes", "con", "ce", "aled", ")", "major", "ities", "of", "two", "third", "s", "in", "the", "pred", "e", "cess", "or", "municipal", "ities", "after", "the", "November", "1995", "municipal", "elections", ",", "which", "were", "the", "first", "since", "South", "Africa", "had", "its", "first", "multi", "-", "rac", "ial", "elections", ".", "After", "the", "2000", "election", ",", "Will", "ie", "Sm", "ut", "s", ",", "previously", "mayor", "of", "H", "ang", "k", "l", "ip", "-", "K", "le", "in", "mond", "Municip", "ality", ",", "was", "elected", "mayor", ",", "represent", "ing", "the", "Democratic", "All", "iance", "(", "D", "A", "),", "before", "he", "defe", "cted", "along", "with", "seven", "other", "D", "A", "coun", "c", "ill", "ors", "to", "the", "New", "National", "Party", "(", "N", "N", "P", ")", "after", "the", "October", "2002", "floor", "-", "c", "ros", "sing", "wind", "ow", ".", "The", "N", "N", "P", "then", "formed", "a", "coal", "ition", "with", "the", "African", "National", "Congress", "(", "A", "N", "C", ")", "when", "the", "council", "was", "re", "con", "stitut", "ed", ".", "After", "the", "September", "2004", "floor", "c", "ros", "sing", "Sm", "ut", "s", "then", "cross", "ed", "the", "floor", "to", "the", "A", "N", "C", "along", "with", "most", "N", "N", "P", "coun", "c", "ill", "ors", "which", "gave", "the", "A", "N", "C", "an", "ou", "tr", "ight", "majority", "in", "the", "town", "for", "the", "first", "time", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "March", "2006", "local", "elections", "the", "eastern", "bound", "ary", "with", "Cape", "Ag", "ul", "has", "Municip", "ality", "was", "moved", "west", ",", "with", "Cape", "Ag", "ul", "has", "taking", "over", "rural", "land", "to", "the", "north", "and", "south", "of", "El", "im", ".", "In", "the", "2006", "elections", "the", "D", "A", "won", "an", "ou", "tr", "ight", "majority", "of", "10", "seats", "in", "the", "19", "-", "seat", "council", ".", "Will", "ie", "Sm", "ut", "s", "was", "replaced", "as", "May", "or", "by", "The", "o", "Be", "yle", "vel", "d", "t", ".", "The", "D", "A", "cons", "ol", "id", "ated", "its", "hold", "in", "the", "council", "following", "the", "September", "2007", "floor", "c", "ros", "sing", "wind", "ow", "which", "saw", "the", "party", "g", "ain", "an", "ele", "ven", "th", "seat", "from", "the", "African", "Christian", "Democratic", "Party", "(", "A", "CD", "P", ").", "The", "A", "N", "C", "lost", "a", "seat", "to", "the", "newly", "formed", "National", "People", "'", "s", "Party", ",", "as", "did", "the", "In", "dependent", "Democr", "ats", ",", "whose", "only", "represent", "ative", "in", "the", "Over", "str", "and", "Council", "cross", "ed", "over", ".", "In", "the", "May", "2011", "local", "elections", ",", "the", "D", "A", "again", "won", "Over", "str", "and", "ou", "tr", "ight", ",", "taking", "fif", "teen", "of", "the", "twenty", "-", "five", "seats", "on", "the", "council", ",", "with", "the", "A", "N", "C", "taking", "nine", "and", "the", "National", "In", "dependent", "C", "iv", "ic", "Organ", "isation", "one", ".", "In", "the", "August", "2016", "local", "elections", ",", "the", "D", "A", "increased", "its", "majority", "to", "six", "teen", "of", "twenty", "-", "five", "seats", ",", "with", "the", "A", "N", "C", "taking", "eight", "and", "the", "Econom", "ic", "F", "reedom", "F", "igh", "ters", "(", "E", "FF", ")", "taking", "one", ".", "In", "a", "by", "-", "election", "in", "December", "2020", ",", "the", "Land", "Party", "won", "a", "seat", "from", "the", "A", "N", "C", "In", "the", "November", "2021", "local", "elections", ",", "the", "council", "was", "expanded", "to", "twenty", "-", "seven", "seats", ".", "The", "D", "A", "won", "se", "vent", "een", "seats", ",", "the", "A", "N", "C", "four", ",", "the", "Land", "Party", "and", "the", "F", "reedom", "Fr", "ont", "Pl", "us", "two", "each", ",", "and", "the", "E", "FF", "and", "the", 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"(", "September", "2004", "–", "March", "2006", ")", "(", "A", "N", "C", ")", "Will", "ie", "Sm", "ut", "s", "(", "October", "2002", "–", "September", "2004", ")", "(", "N", "N", "P", ")", "Will", "ie", "Sm", "ut", "s", "(", "December", "2000", "–", "October", "2002", ")", "(", "D", "A", ")", "References", "External", "links", "Official", "website", "Over", "str", "and", "Loc", "al", "Municip", "ality", "on", "the", "Western", "Cape", "Government", "website", "Loc", "al", "municipal", "ities", "of", "the", "Over", "berg", "District", "Municip", "ality" ]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20in%20professional%20wrestling

2021 in professional wrestling

2021 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling. The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected the professional wrestling industry worldwide in 2020, with many promotions presenting shows behind closed doors. Some events were canceled while others were rescheduled to occur in 2021. All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling reintroduced a limited number of live fans in the second half of 2020, while WWE had live fans at WrestleMania 37 in April 2021. The majority of promotions have continued to present empty arena shows or shows with limited capacity, while AEW and WWE resumed live touring with full capacity crowds in July. List of notable promotions These promotions are holding notable shows throughout 2021. Calendar of notable shows January February March April May June July August September October November December Events affected by COVID-19 Postponed events Canceled events Notable events March 15 – AEW Dark: Elevation premiered on YouTube March 18 – Under a new agreement between WWE and NBCUniversal, the WWE Network became a premium channel under Peacock in the United States. Following a brief transitional period, the standalone version of the WWE Network in the U.S. shut down on April 4. This did not affect the service outside of the U.S. April 9 – All Elite Wrestling held its first-ever house show, "The House Always Wins." May 30 – AEW Double or Nothing is the first major wrestling show to operate at full venue capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic June 4 – Beginning with this day's episode of Viernes Espectacular, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre resumed a live touring schedule after over a year of producing shows in Arena México without full capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. July 7 – Beginning with this day's episode of AEW Dynamite, which aired as a special episode called "Road Rager", All Elite Wrestling resumed a live touring schedule after over a year of producing shows from Daily's Place in Jacksonville, Florida, becoming the first major promotion to resume touring during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also the first in AEW's "Welcome Back" tour, which continued with Fyter Fest (July 14 and 21) and concluded with Fight for the Fallen (July 28). July 16 – Beginning with this day's episode of WWE SmackDown, WWE resumed a live touring schedule for their Raw and SmackDown brands after nearly a year of producing shows from the WWE ThunderDome bio-secure bubble. August 13 – AEW Rampage premiered on TNT, marking the first weekly wrestling series to air Friday nights on a Turner channel since WCW Power Hour in 1994. August 20 - CM Punk returned to professional wrestling for the first time in seven years on a live special episode of AEW Rampage titled The First Dance. October 27 – Ring of Honor announced that they were going on hiatus until at least April 2022, and all talent and staff would be released from their contracts after Final Battle in December. Accomplishments and tournaments AAA AEW AJPW CMLL DDT Dragon Gate MLW Gleat Impact NJPW NWA ROH Noah Sendai Girls WWE Zero1 Title changes AEW CMLL DDT Impact IWRG AAA MLW NJPW NWA ROH The Crash WWE – Raw – SmackDown – NXT – NXT UK – Unbranded Raw and SmackDown Raw and SmackDown each have a world championship, a secondary championship, a women's championship, and a male tag team championship. NXT NXT UK Unbranded These titles are not brand exclusive. The colors indicate the home brand of the champions (names without a color are former WWE wrestlers, Hall of Famers, or non-wrestlers). Awards and honors WWE WWE Hall of Fame Impact Impact Hall of Fame Debuts February 14 – Yuto Nakashima (NJPW) March 11 Astroman Junya Matsunaga April 30 – Minorita (Dragon Gate) May 3 – Aoi June 9 – Saito Brothers July 1 – Maya Fukuda (Gleat) August 24 – Brutus Creed, Julius Creed and Ryohei Oiwa (NJPW) October 5 – Trick Williams (NXT) October 12 – Yuki Ishida (DDT) October 19 – Ru Feng (NXT) October 22 – Natsuki (Actwres girl'Z) November 2 – Erica Yan (NXT) November 13 - Kiku (Ice Ribbon) December 8 – Hook December 18 – Evan Golden Retirements January – Lars Sullivan (2015-2021) March – The Brian Kendrick April 20 – Kenny Dykstra (2001-2021) April 28 – Sadie Gibbs May 6 – Solo Darling (2011–2021) June 16 – A. C. H. June 27 – Matsuya Uno July 31 - David Arquette (2000-July 31, 2021) August 1 – Masato Yoshino August 22 – Ryo Kawamura August 28 – Awesome Kong (1999-2021) November 5 – Sabu (1984-2021) November 23 – Rina Shingaki (2018–2021) Deaths January 7 - Bobby Davis (born 1937) January 10 - Danie Voges (born 1954) January 11 - David Khakhaleishvili (born 1971) January 16 – Paul Varelans (born 1969) February 1 – Dustin Diamond (born 1977) February 5 – Butch Reed (born 1954) February 5 – Leon Spinks (born in 1953) February 11 – Rusty Brooks (born 1958) February 20 – Dean Ho (born 1940) February 23 – Art Michalik (born 1930) February 26 – Johnny De Fazio (born 1940) March 1 – Ann Casey (born 1938) March 3 – Jim Crockett Jr. (born 1944) March 5 – Buddy Colt (born 1936) March 19 – Barry Orton (born 1958) April 6 – Jack Veneno (born 1942) April 8 – John da Silva (born 1934) May 14 – New Jack (born 1963) May 17 – Don Kernodle (born 1950) May 24 – Paul Christy (born 1939) May 28 – Tony Marino (born 1931) June 2 – Pasión Kristal (born 1976) June 23 – Melissa Coates (born 1971) June 30 – The Patriot (born 1961) July 7 – Chris Youngblood (born 1966) July 12 – Paul Orndorff (born 1949) July 26 – Brazo de Plata (born 1963) July 28 – Ted Lewin (born 1935) August 2 – Hideki Hosaka (born 1971) August 3 – Jody Hamilton (born 1938) August 4 – Bobby Eaton (born 1958) – Bert Prentice (born 1958) August 12 – Dominic DeNucci (born 1932) August 14 - Fez Whatley (born 1964) August 21 - Jarvis Astaire (born 1923) August 23 – Brick Bronsky (born 1964) September 1 Daffney (born 1975) Yar (born 1971) September 2 – Steve Lawler (born 1965) – Ryan Sakoda (born 1974) September 7 – Bill White (born 1945) September 21 – Rumi Kazama (born 1965) October 7 – Reggie Parks (born 1934) October 17 – Hido (born 1969) November 6 – Angelo Mosca (born 1937) November 11 - Buzz Tyler (born 1948) November 14 - John Lees (born 1930) November 15 – Estrella Blanca (born 1938) November 28 – Pat Barrett (born 1936) December 1 – Kal Rudman (born 1930) December 8 – Blackjack Lanza (born 1935) December 13 – Jimmy Rave (born 1982) December 22 - Corporal Kirchner (born 1957) December 27 - Markus Crane (b. 1988) December 31 - Strong Kobayashi (born 1940) See also List of WWE pay-per-view and WWE Network events, WWE Raw special episodes, WWE SmackDown special episodes, and WWE NXT special episodes List of AEW pay-per-view events, AEW Dynamite special episodes, and AEW Rampage special episodes List of Impact Wrestling pay-per-view events and Impact Plus Monthly Specials List of NJPW major events and NJPW Strong special episodes List of ROH pay-per-view events List of World Wonder Ring Stardom major events List of major Pro Wrestling Noah events List of major DDT Pro-Wrestling events List of MLW events List of NWA pay-per-view events WWE ThunderDome References professional wrestling

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38243394

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20Rowing%20and%20Athletic%20Association

Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association

The Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association (also known as the Torontos as well as Toronto Rugby and Athletic Association) were an ORFU football team in the early 20th century. The team was founded in 1908 as Toronto Amateur Athletic Club and became the team of the Toronto Rowing and Athletic Association in 1912. The team won the ORFU championship in 1915, 1919 and 1920. In 1915 they played in the 7th Grey Cup, losing to the Hamilton Tigers. MRFU season-by-season References Ontario Rugby Football Union teams Canadian football teams in Toronto Defunct Canadian football teams 1911 establishments in Ontario Sports clubs and teams established in 1911 1921 disestablishments in Ontario Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1921

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7374302

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Malmstr%C3%B6m

Louise Malmström

Louise Malmström (born 1972), is a Swedish social democratic politician who has been a member of the Riksdag since 2002. External links Louise Malmström at the Riksdag website 1972 births Living people Members of the Riksdag from the Social Democrats Women members of the Riksdag Members of the Riksdag 2002–2006 21st-century Swedish women politicians Members of the Riksdag 2006–2010 Members of the Riksdag 2010–2014

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25254035

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20Macy%20Butler

Allan Macy Butler

Allan Macy Butler (1894–1986) was an American pediatrician and Chief of the Children's Medical Services at Massachusetts General Hospital and a professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. A pioneer in health services, Butler sought to change the structure of the American ‘fee-for-service’ system of health care to one based on government-paid medical care for the elderly and low-income people. Butler was born April 3, 1894, in Yonkers, New York. The son of George Prentice Butler, a stockbroker, he was one of eight children. Butler spent World War I overseas, serving as an artillery officer in the American Expeditionary Forces. Afterward, he served in Poland as part of the Hoover Commission. Butler entered Harvard Medical School in 1922. After graduating in 1926, he worked at the Rockefeller Institute. It was there that he developed an interest in fluid and electrolyte metabolism. During World War II, he worked on life-raft studies conducted by the Office of Scientific Research and Development that led to advancements in treating diarrhea and dehydration. In 1929, Butler returned to Harvard as an instructor in Pediatrics. He attained the title of Professor of Pediatrics in 1944 and served as Chief of Children's Medical Service and Staff Physician in charge of the Chemical Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital. He would remain at these two posts, concurrently, until 1960. Butler's advocacy for medical insurance and pre-paid methods of health care embroiled him in the socialized medicine debate. He would also face a loyalty review by the Civil Service Commission Loyalty Review Board. After his trial he provided support in the form of testimony and letters for colleagues who were being tried under the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950. He was a dedicated opponent of the Vietnam War and a supporter of abortion rights, nuclear disarmament, and nonviolent resistance. In 1969 Butler received the American Pediatric Society's highest award, the John Howland Award. References Further reading Allan Macy Butler Papers, 1916-1986(inclusive), 1930-1969(bulk), HMS c313. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine,Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Digitized Images from the Allan Macy Butler Papers 1894 births 1986 deaths American hospital administrators American pediatricians Harvard Medical School alumni Harvard Medical School faculty Healthcare reform in the United States People from Yonkers, New York Physicians of Massachusetts General Hospital Victims of McCarthyism

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18651758

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pandora%20Principle

The Pandora Principle

The Pandora Principle is a science fiction novel by American writer Carolyn Clowes, part of the Star Trek: The Original Series. It features the origin story of Saavik, and how she came to know Spock. Plot A Romulan Bird of Prey drifts over the Neutral Zone and into Federation territory. Admiral James T. Kirk and the Enterprise take the ship back to Earth, unaware of the deadly force hiding inside. It is soon learned one way to battle the threat is via the traumatic childhood knowledge of Saavik and her birth planet Hellguard. Production Saavik's origins are first mentioned in Vonda McIntyre's novelization of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, where she is said to be half-Romulan and from a planet called Hellguard. Clowes expanded on this story to add that she was one of a number of feral children, which was reflected in later works by other authors such as Margaret Wander Bonanno in her novel Unspoken Truth. Carolyn Clowes was inspired to write a Star Trek novel by Star Trek III: The Search for Spock and the novelization by McIntyre. Clowes first submitted an outline and sample chapters to Pocket Books in 1985, with publication taking place in 1990. She said that: "There was a great deal of back-and-forth with Pocket and Paramount over story, then endless revisions. So it took a while to get born." Reception Ellen Cheeseman-Meyer reflected on the book for Tor.com, comparing it to other similar Star Trek novels with Vulcan abduction stories. She considered Saavik to be a Mary Sue character, but one that she liked, and compared the book to works by author Robert A. Heinlein. However, she thought that the downside to the book was that the resolution of the Saavik and Spock story was their encounter during his pon farr during The Search For Spock, a film that Clowes acknowledged in the book. References Sources External links Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series 1990 American novels American science fiction novels

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3762663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lost%20Worlds%20of%202001

The Lost Worlds of 2001

The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by English writer Arthur C. Clarke, published as an accompaniment to the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey. The book consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting (and rewriting), as well as production issues. The core of the book, however, comprises excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version. Alternative settings for launch preparation, the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost, and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are among the elements and scenes featured. Also included is the original 1948 short story "The Sentinel", the germ of the film's script. References External links 1972 books Space Odyssey Books by Arthur C. Clarke British books New American Library books

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23616258

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclamation%20fund

Reclamation fund

The reclamation fund is a special fund established by the United States Congress under the Reclamation Act of 1902, as amended, for receipts from the sale of public lands and timber, proceeds from the Mineral Leasing Act, and certain other revenues. Congress appropriates money from this fund for the investigation, construction, operation, and administration of Bureau of Reclamation projects. Collections from water users for payments made on the reimbursable costs of the federal projects are also returned to the fund. References United States Department of the Interior

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12989754

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAL4/UAS%20system

GAL4/UAS system

The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly. It is based on the finding by Hitoshi Kakidani and Mark Ptashne, and Nicholas Webster and Pierre Chambon in 1988 that Gal4 binding to UAS sequences activates gene expression. The method was introduced into flies by Andrea Brand and Norbert Perrimon in 1993 and is considered a powerful technique for studying the expression of genes. The system has two parts: the Gal4 gene, encoding the yeast transcription activator protein Gal4, and the UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence), an enhancer to which GAL4 specifically binds to activate gene transcription. Overview The Gal4 system allows separation of the problems of defining which cells express a gene or protein and what the experimenter wants to do with this knowledge. Geneticists have created genetic variants of model organisms (typically fruit flies), called GAL4 lines, each of which expresses GAL4 in some subset of the animal's tissues. For example, some lines might express GAL4 only in muscle cells, or only in nerves, or only in the antennae, and so on. For fruit flies in particular, there are tens of thousands of such lines, with the most useful expressing GAL4 in only a very specific subset of the animal—perhaps, for example, only those neurons that connect two specific compartments of the fly's brain. The presence of GAL4, by itself, in these cells has little or no effect, since GAL4's main effect is to bind to a UAS region, and most cells have no (or innocuous) UAS regions. Since Gal4 by itself is not visible, and has little effect on cells, the other necessary part of this system are the "reporter lines". These are strains of flies with the special UAS region next to a desired gene. These genetic instructions occur in every cell of the animal, but in most cells nothing happens since that cell is not producing GAL4. In the cells that are producing GAL4, however, the UAS is activated, the gene next to it is turned on, and it starts producing its resulting protein. This may report to the investigator which cells are expressing GAL4, hence the term "reporter line", but genes intended to manipulate the cell behavior are often used as well. Typical reporter genes include: Fluorescent proteins like green (GFP) or red fluorescent proteins (RFP), which allow scientists to see which cells express Gal4 Channelrhodopsin, which allows light-sensitive triggering of nerve cells Halorhodopsin, which conversely allows light to suppress the firing of neurons Shibire, which shuts neurons off, but only at higher temperatures (30 °C and above). Flies with this gene can be raised and tested at lower temperatures where their neurons will behave normally. Then the body temperature of the flies can be raised (since they are cold-blooded), and these neurons turn off. If the fly's behavior changes, this gives a strong clue to what those neurons do. GECI (Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicator), often a member of the GCaMP family of proteins. These proteins fluoresce when exposed to calcium, which, in most cells, happens when the neuron fires. This allows scientists to take pictures, or movies, that show the nervous system in operation. For example, scientists can first visualize a class of neurons by choosing a fly from a GAL4 line that expresses GAL4 in the desired set of neurons, and crossing it with a reporter line that express GFP. In the offspring, the desired subset of cells will make GAL4, and in these cells the GAL4 will bind to the UAS, and enable the production of GFP. So the desired subset of cells will now fluoresce green and can be followed with a fluorescence microscope. Next, to figure out what these cells might do, the experimenter might express channelrhodopsin in each of these cells, by crossing the same GAL4 line with a channelrhodopsin reporter line. In the offspring the selected cells, and only those cells, will contain channelrhodopsin and can be triggered by a bright light. Now the scientist can trigger these particular cells at will, and examine the resulting behavior to see what these cells might do. Operation Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N11-CCG, where N can be any base. Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, and human cells, highlighting that the same mechanisms for gene expression have been conserved over the course of evolution. For study in Drosophila, the GAL4 gene is placed under the control of a native gene promoter, or driver gene, while the UAS controls expression of a target gene. GAL4 is then only expressed in cells where the driver gene is usually active. In turn, GAL4 should only activate gene transcription where a UAS has been introduced. For example, by fusing a gene encoding a visible marker like GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) the expression pattern of the driver genes can be determined. GAL4 and the UAS are very useful for studying gene expression in Drosophila as they are not normally present and their expression does not interfere with other processes in the cell. For example, GAL4/UAS-regulated transgenes in Drosophila have been used to alter glial expression to produce arrhythmic behavior in a known rhythmic circadian output called pigment dispersing factor (PDF). However, some research has indicated that over-expression of GAL4 in Drosophila can have side-effects, probably relating to immune and stress responses to what is essentially an alien protein. The GAL4-UAS system has also been employed to study gene expression in organisms besides Drosophila such as the African clawed frog Xenopus and zebrafish. The GAL4/UAS system is also utilized in Two-Hybrid Screening, a method of identifying interactions between two proteins or a protein with DNA. Extensions Gal4 expression can be made even more specific by means of "intersectional strategies". These can combine two different GAL4 lines—say, A and B—in a way that GAL4 is only expressed in the cells that are in line A but not line B, or those that are in both lines A and B. When combined with intrinsically sparse GAL4 lines, this offers very specific selection, often limited to a single cell type. The disadvantage is that at least three independent insertion sites are required, so the lines must use different and independent insertion sites, and creating the desired final organisms needs more than a single cross. This is a very active field of research, and there are many such intersectional strategies, of which two are discussed below. One way to create GAL4 expression in the cells that are in line A but not line B, requires line A to be made to express GAL4, and line B made to express Gal80, which is a GAL4 inhibitor. Therefore, only the cells that are in A but not B will have active GAL4, which can then drive the reporter gene. To express GAL4 in only the cells contained in both A and B, a technique called "split-GAL4" can be used. Line A is made to express half of the GAL4 protein, which is inactive by itself. Similarly, line B is made to express the other half of GAL4, also inactive by itself. Only the cells that are in both lines make both halves, which self-assemble by leucine zipper into GAL4 and activate the reporter gene. References Genetics

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"ig", "ger", "these", "particular", "cells", "at", "will", ",", "and", "exam", "ine", "the", "resulting", "beh", "av", "ior", "to", "see", "what", "these", "cells", "might", "do", ".", "Oper", "ation", "Gal", "4", "is", "a", "mod", "ular", "prote", "in", "consist", "ing", "broad", "ly", "of", "a", "D", "NA", "-", "b", "ind", "ing", "dom", "ain", "and", "an", "activ", "ation", "dom", "ain", ".", "The", "U", "A", "S", "to", "which", "G", "A", "L", "4", "b", "ind", "s", "is", "C", "G", "G", "-", "N", "11", "-", "CC", "G", ",", "where", "N", "can", "be", "any", "base", ".", "Although", "G", "A", "L", "4", "is", "a", "y", "east", "prote", "in", "not", "nor", "m", "ally", "present", "in", "other", "organ", "ism", "s", "it", "has", "been", "shown", "to", "work", "as", "a", "trans", "cription", "activ", "ator", "in", "a", "variety", "of", "organ", "ism", "s", "such", "as", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", ",", "and", "human", "cells", ",", "high", "light", "ing", "that", "the", "same", "mechan", "ism", "s", "for", "gen", "e", "express", "ion", "have", "been", "con", "served", "over", "the", "course", "of", "ev", "olution", ".", "For", "study", "in", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", ",", "the", "G", "A", "L", "4", "gen", "e", "is", "placed", "under", "the", "control", "of", "a", "native", "gen", "e", "prom", "o", "ter", ",", "or", "dr", "iver", "gen", "e", ",", "while", "the", "U", "A", "S", "control", "s", "express", "ion", "of", "a", "target", "gen", "e", ".", "G", "A", "L", "4", "is", "then", "only", "express", "ed", "in", "cells", "where", "the", "dr", "iver", "gen", "e", "is", "usually", "active", ".", "In", "turn", ",", "G", "A", "L", "4", "should", "only", "activ", "ate", "gen", "e", "trans", "cription", "where", "a", "U", "A", "S", "has", "been", "introduced", ".", "For", "example", ",", "by", "f", "using", "a", "gen", "e", "enc", "od", "ing", "a", "vis", "ible", "mark", "er", "like", "G", "F", "P", "(", "Green", "Fl", "u", "ores", "cent", "Prote", "in", ")", "the", "express", "ion", "pattern", "of", "the", "dr", "iver", "gen", "es", "can", "be", "determin", "ed", ".", "G", "A", "L", "4", "and", "the", "U", "A", "S", "are", "very", "use", "ful", "for", "stud", "ying", "gen", "e", "express", "ion", "in", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", "as", "they", "are", "not", "nor", "m", "ally", "present", "and", "their", "express", "ion", "does", "not", "inter", "f", "ere", "with", "other", "process", "es", "in", "the", "cell", ".", "For", "example", ",", "G", "A", "L", "4", "/", "U", "A", "S", "-", "reg", "ulated", "trans", "gen", "es", "in", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", "have", "been", "used", "to", "al", "ter", "gl", "ial", "express", "ion", "to", "produce", "arr", "hy", "th", "mic", "beh", "av", "ior", "in", "a", "known", "r", "hy", "th", "mic", "circ", "ad", "ian", "out", "put", "called", "p", "ig", "ment", "dis", "pers", "ing", "fact", "or", "(", "P", "D", "F", ").", "However", ",", "some", "research", "has", "indic", "ated", "that", "over", "-", "express", "ion", "of", "G", "A", "L", "4", "in", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", "can", "have", "side", "-", "effects", ",", "probably", "rel", "ating", "to", "imm", "une", "and", "str", "ess", "respons", "es", "to", "what", "is", "ess", "ent", "ially", "an", "al", "ien", "prote", "in", ".", "The", "G", "A", "L", "4", "-", "U", "A", "S", "system", "has", "also", "been", "employ", "ed", "to", "study", "gen", "e", "express", "ion", "in", "organ", "ism", "s", "bes", "ides", "D", "ros", "oph", "ila", "such", "as", "the", "African", "cl", "aw", "ed", "f", "ro", "g", "X", "en", "op", "us", "and", "ze", "br", "af", "ish", ".", "The", "G", "A", "L", "4", "/", "U", "A", "S", "system", "is", "also", "ut", "il", "ized", "in", "Two", "-", "Hy", "brid", "S", "cre", "ening", ",", "a", "method", "of", "ident", "ifying", "inter", "actions", "between", "two", "prote", "ins", "or", "a", "prote", "in", "with", "D", "NA", ".", "Ex", "t", "ens", "ions", "Gal", "4", "express", "ion", "can", "be", "made", "even", "more", "specific", "by", "means", "of", "\"", "inter", "section", "al", "str", "ateg", "ies", "\".", "These", "can", "comb", "ine", "two", "different", "G", "A", "L", "4", "lines", "—", "say", ",", "A", "and", "B", "—", "in", "a", "way", "that", "G", "A", "L", "4", "is", "only", "express", "ed", "in", "the", "cells", "that", "are", "in", "line", "A", "but", "not", "line", "B", ",", "or", "those", "that", "are", "in", "both", "lines", "A", "and", "B", ".", "When", "combined", "with", "in", "tr", "ins", "ically", "sp", "ar", "se", "G", "A", "L", "4", "lines", ",", "this", "offers", "very", "specific", "se", "lection", ",", "often", "limited", "to", "a", "single", "cell", "type", ".", "The", "dis", "adv", "ant", "age", "is", "that", "at", "least", "three", "independent", "in", "ser", "t", "ion", "sites", "are", "required", ",", "so", "the", "lines", "must", "use", "different", "and", "independent", "in", "ser", "t", "ion", "sites", ",", "and", "cre", "ating", "the", "des", "ired", "final", "organ", "ism", "s", "ne", "eds", "more", "than", "a", "single", "cross", ".", "This", "is", "a", "very", "active", "field", "of", "research", ",", "and", "there", "are", "many", "such", "inter", "section", "al", "str", "ateg", "ies", ",", "of", "which", "two", "are", "discuss", "ed", "below", ".", "One", "way", "to", "create", "G", "A", "L", "4", "express", "ion", "in", "the", "cells", "that", "are", "in", "line", "A", "but", "not", "line", "B", ",", "requ", "ires", "line", "A", "to", "be", "made", "to", "express", "G", "A", "L", "4", ",", "and", "line", "B", "made", "to", "express", "Gal", "80", ",", "which", "is", "a", "G", "A", "L", "4", "in", "hib", "itor", ".", "There", "fore", ",", "only", "the", "cells", "that", "are", "in", "A", "but", "not", "B", "will", "have", "active", "G", "A", "L", "4", ",", "which", "can", "then", "dr", "ive", "the", "re", "por", "ter", "gen", "e", ".", "To", "express", "G", "A", "L", "4", "in", "only", "the", "cells", "contain", "ed", "in", "both", "A", "and", "B", 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21308000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSRP%20%28disambiguation%29

MSRP (disambiguation)

MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price of a product. MSRP may also refer to: Message Session Relay Protocol, a protocol used for multimedia communications Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes of Imre Lakatos MSRP Motorsports, a former name of the HP Racing NASCAR team Mississippi Republican Party

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68714351

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28fairness%29

Coherence (fairness)

Coherence, also called uniformity or consistency, is a criterion for evaluating rules for fair division. Coherence requires that the outcome of a fairness rule is fair not only for the overall problem, but also for each sub-problem. Every part of a fair division should be fair. The coherence requirement was first studied in the context of apportionment. In this context, failure to satisfy coherence is called the new states paradox: when a new state enters the union, and the house size is enlarged to accommodate the number of seats allocated to this new state, some other unrelated states are affected. Coherence is also relevant to other fair division problems, such as bankruptcy problems. Definition There is a resource to allocate, denoted by . For example, it can be an integer representing the number of seats in a house of representatives. The resource should be allocated between some agents. For example, these can be federal states or political parties. The agents have different entitlements, denoted by a vector . For example, ti can be the fraction of votes won by party i. An allocation is a vector with . An allocation rule is a rule that, for any and entitlement vector , returns an allocation vector . An allocation rule is called coherent (or uniform) if, for every subset S of agents, if the rule is activated on the subset of the resource , and on the entitlement vector , then the result is the allocation vector . That is: when the rule is activated on a subset of the agents, with the subset of resources they received, the result for them is the same. Handling ties In general, an allocation rule may return more than one allocation (in case of a tie). In this case, the definition should be updated. Denote the allocation rule by , and Denote by the set of allocation vectors returned by on the resource and entitlement vector . The rule is called coherent if the following holds for every allocation vector and any subset S of agents: . That is, every part of every possible solution to the grand problem, is a possible solution to the sub-problem. For every and , we have . That is, if there are other (tied) solutions to the sub-problems, then putting them instead of the original solutions to the sub-problems yield other (tied) solutions to the grand problem. Coherence in apportionment In apportionment problems, the resource to allocate is discrete, for example, the seats in a parliament. Therefore, each agent must receive an integer allocation. Non-coherent methods: the new state paradox One of the most intuitive rules for apportionment of seats in a parliament is the largest remainder method (LRM). This method dictates that the entitlement vector should be normalized such that the sum of entitlements equals (the total number of seats to allocate). Then each agent should get his normalized entitlement (often called quota) rounded down. If there are remaining seats, they should be allocated to the agents with the largest remainder the largest fraction of the entitlement. Surprisingly, this rule is not coherent. As a simple example, suppose and the normalized entitlements of Alice, Bob and Chana are 0.4, 1.35, 3.25 respectively. Then the unique allocation returned by LRM is 1, 1, 3 (the initial allocation is 0, 1, 3, and the extra seat goes to Alice, since her remainder 0.4 is largest). Now, suppose that we activate the same rule on Alice and Bob alone, with their combined allocation of 2. The normalized entitlements are now 0.4/1.75 × 2 ≈ 0.45 and 1.35/1.75 × 2 ≈ 1.54. Therefore, the unique allocation returned by LRM is 0, 2 rather than 1, 1. This means that in the grand solution 1, 1, 3, the internal division between Alice and Bob does not follow the principle of largest remainders it is not coherent. Another way to look at this non-coherence is as follows. Suppose that the house size is 2, and there are two states A, B with quotas 0.4, 1.35. Then the unique allocation given by LRM is 0, 2. Now, a new state C joins the union, with quota 3.25. It is allocated 3 seats, and the house size is increased to 5 to accommodate these new seats. This change should not affect the existing states A and B. In fact, with the LRM, the existing states are affected: state A gains a seat, while state B loses a seat. This is called the new state paradox. The new state paradox was actually observed in 1907, when Oklahoma became a state. It was given a fair share 5 of seats, and the total number of seats increased by that number from 386 to 391 members. A recomputation of apportionment affected the number of seats because of other states: New York lost a seat, while Maine gained one. Coherent methods Every divisor method is coherent. This follows directly from their description as picking sequences: at each iteration, the next agent to pick an item is the one with the highest ratio (entitlement / divisor). Therefore, the relative priority ordering between agents is the same even if we consider a subset of the agents. Properties of coherent methods When coherency is combined with other natural requirements, it characterizes a structured class of apportionment methods. Such characterizations were proved by various authors. All results assume that the rules are homogeneous ("decent"). Hylland proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is balanced and concordant, then it is compatible with a divisor method. Balinsky and Young proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous and balanced, then it is a rank-index method (a super-class of divisor methods). The opposite is also true: among the anonymous and balanced methods, a method is coherent if and only if it is a rank-index method. Balinsky and Young proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous, concordant and weakly exact, then it is a divisor method. Balinsky and Rachev proved that if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous, order-preserving, weakly exact and complete, then it is a divisor method. Palomares, Pukelsheim and Ramirez proved that: if a coherent decent apportionment rule is anonymous and balanced, then it is house-monotone; if, in addition, it is also concordant, then it is vote-ratio monotone; if, in addition, it is also strongly exact, then it is compatible with a divisor method (that is, it returns a subset of the allocations returned by a divisor method); if, in addition, it is also complete, then it is a divisor method. Young proved that the unique apportionment method that is a coherent extension of the natural two-party apportionment rule of rounding to the nearest integer is the Webster method. Coherence in bankruptcy problems In bankruptcy problems, the resource to allocate is continuous, for example, the amount of money left by a debtor. Each agent can get any fraction of the resource. However, the sum of entitlements is usually larger than the total remaining resource. The most intuitive rule for solving such problems is the proportional rule, in which each agent gets a part of the resource proportional to his entitlement. This rule is definitely coherent. However, it is not the only coherent rule: the Talmudic rule of the contested garment can be extended to a coherent division rule. Coherence in organ allocation In most countries, the number of patients waiting for an organ transplantation is much larger than the number of available organs. Therefore, most countries choose who to allocate an organ to by some priority-ordering. Surprisingly, some priority orderings used in practice are not coherent. For example, one rule used by UNOS in the past was as follows: Each patient is assigned a personal score, based on some medical data. Each patient is assigned a bonus, which is 10 times the fraction of patients who waited less than him. The agents are prioritized by the sum of their score + bonus. Suppose the personal scores of some four patients A, B, C, D are 16, 21, 20, 23. Suppose their waiting times are A > B > C > D. Accordingly, their bonuses are 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5. So their sums are 26, 28.5, 25, 25.5, and the priority order is B > A > D > C. Now, after B receives an organ, the personal scores of A, C, D remain the same, but the bonuses change to 10, 6.67, 3.33, so the sums are 26, 26.67, 26.33, and the priority order is C > D > A. This inverts the order between the three agents. In order to have a coherent priority ordering, the priority should be determined only by personal traits. For example, the bonus can be computed by the number of months in line, rather than by the fraction of patients. See also Apportionment paradox References Fairness criteria Apportionment method criteria

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66189121

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgnorth%20Town%20Hall

Bridgnorth Town Hall

Bridgnorth Town Hall is a municipal building in the High Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England. The town hall, which is a meeting place of Bridgnorth Town Council, is a Grade II* listed building. History The original civic meeting place in the town was the burgess hall on the first floor of the North Gate which was completed in 1270. The official troupe of actors known as King's Men performed in the town hall when they visited the town in 1603. A new town hall was constructed in the High Street by taking an old oak framed tithe barn that had been donated by Lady Bertie, the wife of Sir Roger Bertie, the lord of the manor at Much Wenlock, and placing it on arches in 1652. The arches on the ground floor were left open to allow markets to be held; at both the north and south ends of the building there were single arches large enough to permit carriage access with the town's coat of arms installed above. There was a three-part window on the first floor at each end with a gable and a turret at roof level. A sign on the wall above the window at the south end suggests the building was constructed by a Thomas Burne and a Roger Taylor. Internally, the principal rooms on the first floor were a council chamber and a courtroom. The clock in the gable at the south end was installed in 1680 while the clock at the north end was installed at a later date. The building was used for cultural events: an audience attended a "grand miscellaneous concert" there in 1789. It was refurbished and stained glass windows were installed to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887. The stained glass windows depicted all the kings and queens who had granted charters to the town from 1157 to 1830. A carpet made at the Southwell Carpet Factory, which had been established by Thomas Martin Southwell on the site of the old Bridgnorth Greyfriars Monastery in 1824, was installed in the council chamber at that time. The town hall continued to act as the local civic meeting place until the local board of health commissioned the new market hall in Postern Gate in 1859. The Postern Gate building was disliked by market traders and despite the local board of health taking legal action against traders to try and force the use of the building, the development was not a commercial success and it was sold off in the early 20th century. A drinking fountain which was decorated with two doves and cast by the Saracen Foundry was installed outside the town hall in the late 19th century. Although Bridgnorth District Council established offices for council officers and their staff at Westgate, the town hall remained a focus of civic activity and it became a regular meeting place for Bridgnorth Town Council when it was formed in 2009. A programme of refurbishment works was completed in 2015. See also Grade II* listed buildings in Shropshire Council (H–Z) References Government buildings completed in 1652 City and town halls in Shropshire Bridgnorth Grade II* listed buildings in Shropshire

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66258661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20von%20Amira

Karl von Amira

Karl Konrad Ferdinand Maria von Amira (25 May 1863 – 14 December 1945) was a German jurist who served as Professor of Constitutional Law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He was a known expert on early Germanic law. Biography Karl von Amira was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany on 8 March 1848. Gaining his abitur at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich, von Amira studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Among his teachers were Bernhard Windscheid, Julius Wilhelm von Planck, and Alois von Brinz. He also studied North Germanic languages under Konrad Maurer. von Amira gained his Ph.D. at Munich in 1872 under the supervision of Maurer. From 1875 to 1892, von Amira was Professor of German and Church Law at the University of Freiburg. Since 1892, von Amira was Professor of Constitutional Law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. von Amira specialized in the study of Early Germanic law and Medieval Roman law. He was instrumental in the publishing of the Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch. Among his students were and . von Amira was a member of many learned societies, including the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (since 1901), the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala (since 1887), the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (since 1891), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (since 1905), the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1900), the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1922) and the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities (since 1929). He received the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art in 1902. Selected works Das altnorwegische Vollstreckungsverfahren: Eine rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlung. München 1874. Erbenfolge und Verwandtschaftsgliederung nach den alt-niederdeutschen Rechten. Ackermann, München 1874 (Digitalisat). Ueber Zweck und Mittel der germanischen Rechtsgeschichte. Akademische Antrittsrede. Ackermann, München 1876 (Digitalisat). Das Endinger Judenspiel (Herausgeberschaft). Halle 1883 (Digitalisat; DjVu). Thierstrafen und Thierprocesse. In: Mittheilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung. 11. Band, 1891, S. 545–601. Separatdruck: Innsbruck 1891 (Digitalisat; PDF). Die Dresdner Bilderhandschrift des Sachsenspiegels. Erster Band: Facsimile der Handschrift. Leipzig 1902. Zweiter Band: Erläuterungen. Teil I, Leipzig 1925 und Teil II, Leipzig 1926. Die Handgebärden in den Bilderhandschriften des Sachsenspiegels (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Philologische und Historische Klasse; Bd. 23, 2). München 1905. Der Stab in der germanischen Rechtssymbolik (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Philologische und Historische Klasse; Band 25, 1). München 1909 (Rezension in der ZRG). Grundriß des germanischen Rechts (= Grundriß der Germanischen Philologie. Band 5). 3. Auflage. Strassburg 1913. Die Neubauersche Chronik (= Sitzungsberichte der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-philologische und historische Klasse; Jg. 1918, 9). München 1918 (Digitalisat; DjVu). Die germanischen Todesstrafen. Untersuchungen zur Rechts- und Religionsgeschichte (= Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-philologische und Historische Klasse; Bd. 31, 3). München 1922. Rechtsarchäologie. 1. Einführung in die Rechtsarchäologie. Gegenstände, Formen und Symbole germanischen Rechts. Berlin 1943 (Digitalisat). Sources Paul Puntschart: Karl von Amira und sein Werk. Böhlau, Weimar 1932. Peter Landau, Hermann Nehlsen, Mathias Schmoeckel (Hrsg.): Karl von Amira zum Gedächtnis (= Rechtshistorische Reihe, Band 206), Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1999, . Gerhard J. Bellinger, Brigitte Regler-Bellinger: Schwabings Ainmillerstrasse und ihre bedeutendsten Anwohner. Ein repräsentatives Beispiel der Münchner Stadtgeschichte von 1888 bis heute. Norderstedt 2003, S. 139–140, ; 2. Aufl. 2012, ; E-Book 2013, . Mathias Schmoeckel: Amira, Karl von (1848–1930). In: Albrecht Cordes, Heiner Lück, Dieter Werkmüller, Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch zur deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, 2., völlig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Band 1, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2008, , Sp. 200–202 (online, kostenpflichtig). Hermann Nehlsen: Karl von Amira (1848–1930). In: Katharina Weigand (Hrsg.): Münchner Historiker zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft. Utz, München 2010, , S. 137–158. 1848 births 1930 deaths German legal scholars Germanic studies scholars Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences People from Aschaffenburg Old Norse studies scholars Academic staff of the University of Freiburg Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala

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32552460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%2C%20Lady%20Barlow

Anna, Lady Barlow

The Honourable Anna Maria Heywood, Lady Barlow (1873 – 28 May 1965) was an English welfare reformer and Liberal Party politician. Education and family Anna Maria Heywood Denman was born in 1873 in Liverpool, the daughter of the Hon. Richard Denman and Helen McMicking. Her brother was Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman. She was educated privately. In 1895 she married John Emmott Barlow, the Liberal MP for Frome in Somerset and senior partner in his family businesses with principal interests in textiles, tea and coffee and rubber. They had two sons and two daughters. Her son John who succeeded his father to become the second baronet was Liberal candidate for Northwich in 1929. He later became a National Liberal representing Eddisbury from 1945–1950 and then a fully fledged Conservative being MP for Middleton and Prestwich from 1951–1966. In religion, Sir John and Lady Barlow were Quakers, Lady Barlow having converted to that denomination in about 1911. Politics Lady Barlow was a steadfast companion to her husband in his Somerset constituency over many years. She shared his political interests and campaigned with him and on his behalf. The couple were close friends of Liberal Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. She also stood in her own right for election to the House of Commons twice as a Liberal. First she contested the Derbyshire, High Peak division at the 1922 general election. At this election only thirty-three women were selected as candidates out of 1,387 contenders for the House of Commons’ 615 seats and only two, the Tory Lady Astor and the Liberal Margaret Wintringham were elected. Lady Barlow came third at High Peak in a three-cornered contest with 20% of the vote. She next fought the nearby seat of Ilkeston at the 1924 general election. The number of women candidates was growing now but there was a still a real sense in which they were pioneers. Overall only forty-one women were chosen to stand for election and Lady Barlow was one of only six female candidates out of a total of 333 Liberal hopefuls. Again she came third in a three-cornered race. A champion of the political rights of women, Lady Barlow was also a strong supporter of the traditional Liberal policy of free trade and shared her husband's close interest in labour affairs. In her later life during the 1950s and 60s, at a time when the Liberal Party had declined in public affections, Lady Barlow seems to have transferred her political allegiance to the National Liberals. Her son, the second baronet, was of course a National Liberal and later a Conservative MP, which must have been an influence upon her. She does not appear to have been politically active in campaigning for National Liberal candidates but did support a large number of their social and fundraising functions, as well as attending talks at meetings of the National Liberal Forum. Welfare reformer Lady Barlow was active in a number of different fields of moral, welfare and political reform. For 22 years she was President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Band of Hope Union an organisation dedicated to teaching and impressing upon children the importance and principles of sobriety and teetotalism. In addition, she appeared as a speaker for other temperance groups including The Young Abstainers Union. Outside her own electoral campaigning, Lady Barlow supported for the cause of women's suffrage and as a Quaker she was a campaigner for peace and disarmament. She and her husband opposed the introduction of conscription both before and more crucially during the First World War and sent their sons to a Quaker college in the United States. Lady Barlow particularly tried to promote peaceful international relations and reconciliation during and after the Great War. To this end she maintained an extensive correspondence with influential figures throughout Europe and maintained a speaking schedule at related events at home such as the Peacemakers’ Pilgrimage Rally in Hyde Park in 1926. Papers A number of Lady Barlow's papers and letters are contained in the Barlow Collection deposited in the Cambridge University Library, Manuscripts Departments. References 1873 births 1965 deaths Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates Converts to Quakerism 20th-century English women politicians English suffragists English temperance activists English Quakers Wives of baronets

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6931841

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliarov

Boliarov

Boliarov () is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia. Genealogical resources The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Kosice, Slovakia" Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1755-1895 (parish B) Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1819-1898 (parish B) Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1775-1895 (parish B) See also List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia External links Surnames of living people in Boliarov Villages and municipalities in Košice-okolie District Šariš

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1970801

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery%20%28disambiguation%29

Surgery (disambiguation)

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative treatment. Surgery may also refer to: Medicine Operating theater, where surgery is performed, or the offices of the practitioner, the surgeon Doctor's surgery, British term for a doctor's office, a facility in which a general practitioner sees patients Surgery (journal), a medical journal Mathematics Surgery theory, a mathematical operation used in topology; two special cases are: Dehn surgery Hyperbolic Dehn surgery Arts, entertainment, and media Surgery (band), an American noise rock band The Surgery, a weekly radio show on BBC Radio 1 Surgery (album), a 2005 album by The Warlocks "Surgery", a song by Robyn Hitchcock on his compilation album You & Oblivion "Surgery", a song by Jack Off Jill on their album Clear Hearts Grey Flowers "Surgery", a song by Two Door Cinema Club on their album Gameshow "Surgery" (short story), a short story by Anton Chekhov Other uses Surgery (politics), a series of one-to-one meetings that a political officeholder may have with his or her constituents

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34654515

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mivaleh

Mivaleh

Mivaleh () may refer to: Mivaleh-ye Olya Mivaleh Sofla

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12935282

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20hammer%20throw

Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Wednesday, August 18, 1920. 12 throwers from 5 nations competed; four from Sweden, four from the United States, two from Canada, one from Great Britain, and one from Finland. No nation had more than 4 athletes, suggesting the limit had been reduced from the 12 maximum in force in 1908 and 1912. The event was won by Patrick Ryan of the United States, the nation's fifth consecutive victory in the event. Carl Johan Lind took silver, earning Sweden's first medal in the hammer throw. Another American, Basil Bennett, earned bronze. Background This was the fifth appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1896. Four of the 14 competitors from the pre-war 1912 Games returned: gold medalist Matt McGrath of the United States and three Swedes: fourth-place finisher Robert Olsson, fifth-place finisher Carl Johan Lind, and seventh-place finisher Nils Linde. McGrath, who would earn seven AAU championships from 1908 to 1926, and fellow American and world-record holder Patrick Ryan, who would win eight AAU championships in that time, were expected to dominate the event. Finland made its debut in the event. The United States appeared for the fifth time, the only nation to have competed at each appearance of the event to that point. Competition format The competition continued to use the divided-final format used since 1908, with results carrying over between "rounds". The number of finalists expanded from three in previous Games to six in 1920. Each athlete received three throws in the qualifying round. The top six men advanced to the final, where they received an additional three throws. The best result, qualifying or final, counted. Records These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1920 Summer Olympics. No new world or Olympic records were set during the competition. Schedule Results The best six hammer throwers qualified for the final. McGrath injured his knee during the second throw in qualifying and withdrew, though still had thrown far enough to take fifth place. References Sources Hammer throw Hammer throw at the Olympics

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68629350

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh%20Chowki%20district

Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district

Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki district is one of the four new district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India announced by Bhupesh Baghel on 15th August 2021. It is carved out from existing Rajnandgaon district. Sub Division District is sub divided into five tehsils: Ambagarh Chowki Manpur Mohla Aundhi Khadgaon Demographics At the time of the 2011 census, Mohla-Manpur district had a population of 283,947, of which 9,889 (3.49%) live in urban areas. Mohla-Manpur district has a sex ratio of 1027 females to 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 20,722 (7.30%) and 179,662 (63.27%) of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 70.27% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi, 20.15% Gondi, 5.02% Hindi and 3.26% Halbi as their first language. References Districts of Chhattisgarh

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68727362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Longevity%20Project

The Longevity Project

The Longevity Project is a 2011 book on the social and psychological characteristics associated with long human longevity. Written by Howard S. Friedman and Leslie R. Martin, the book is based on a 20-year study extending the 60 years of Lewis Terman's Genetic Studies of Genius research. Bibliography External links 2011 non-fiction books English-language books Longevity

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60147147

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Ga%C3%BAcho

Roberto Gaúcho

Roberto Juceli Weber (born 5 April 1968), commonly known as Roberto Gaúcho, is a retired Brazilian footballer. Career statistics Club Notes References 1968 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football forwards Joinville Esporte Clube players Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players Coritiba Foot Ball Club players Criciúma Esporte Clube players Esporte Clube Vitória players CR Vasco da Gama players Guarani FC players Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players Club Atlético Huracán footballers Miami Fusion players Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Major League Soccer players Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Argentina Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States People from Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul

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4191781

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Is%20Such%20a%20Pity

This Is Such a Pity

"This Is Such a Pity" is a song by the American alternative rock band Weezer. It is the fourth single from the band's fifth album, Make Believe. It was released to the radio on March 6, 2006. This marks the first time that Weezer has ever released a fourth single from one of their albums. The liner notes of Make Believe credit Rivers Cuomo as the sole writer of the song, yet Brian Bell came up with the dueling guitar solo. All the keyboards on the song were done using a $75 Casio keyboard. The band tried demoing the song with more expensive Moog keyboards, but ended up being most satisfied with the Casio sound. Cuomo claims "This is Such a Pity" to be his favorite song from Make Believe. Julian Casablancas of The Strokes has also said it is his favorite Weezer song. Track listing Radio Only Promo Single "This is Such a Pity" (Radio Version) - 3:27 Mash-up video and controversy The song only enjoyed modest success on modern rock radio, partly because the song doesn't have an official accompanying music video. However, a mash up music video featuring footage from the 1984 breakdancing-themed movie Breakin' was uploaded to YouTube shortly after the song was announced as the fourth single off Make Believe. The clip was created by Rafael Sans, a theology student at Oral Roberts University and become an Internet phenomenon both among the band's hardcore fan base and throughout the online blogging community. The clip was even featured on the weezer.com homepage. Yet, soon after its success, the video was banned from YouTube because, as Julie Supan, the site's senior director of marketing explained, "it was likely that the user did not have the proper authorization to upload the video, and the rights-holder contacted YouTube." Despite this, Sans later uploaded the video on Vimeo in 2009. Personnel Rivers Cuomo – lead guitar, lead vocals Brian Bell – rhythm guitar Scott Shriner – bass guitar Patrick Wilson – drums, percussion Rick Rubin – production References External links 'Such A Pity': YouTube Pulls Homemade Weezer Video, on MTV.com Weezer songs 2006 singles Songs written by Rivers Cuomo Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin 2004 songs

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68315676

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20P.%20Webster

George P. Webster

George Parmlee Webster (June 24, 1828 – January 11, 1899) was an American lawyer and politician. Life Webster was born on June 24, 1828, in Watertown, Connecticut, the son of George Butler Webster and Eliza Jane Noys. He was a descendant of Connecticut colonial governor John Webster through his father's side. Webster studied at the Lancasterian School in New Haven under John E. Lovel. He then moved to Newport, Kentucky, and studied law in his uncle Francis M. Webster's law firm Webster & Root. In 1849, before he was admitted to the bar, he moved to California during the California Gold Rush. He spent three years there, prospecting the mining region from the North Yuba to the Mohave. He spent the winter of 1851-1852 in Death Valley, after which he went to the northern mines. In 1853, he returned to Newport, resumed his law studies, and was admitted to the bar. In 1854, he was elected District Attorney of Campbell County. He was then appointed City Solicitor of Newport, an office he held for six years. In 1860, Webster was elected to the Kentucky Legislature as a Union Democrat, representing Campbell County. In 1861, he was the deciding vote against neutrality, 96-97, which kept Kentucky in the Union during the American Civil War. In honor of the vote, a salute of 97 guns was fired from New York City Hall Park. He was also the deciding vote to elect Garret Davis to the United States Senate from Kentucky. President Lincoln then appointed and commissioned him assistant quartermaster in the Union Army with the rank of captain. He became major and lieutenant-colonel by brevet in December 1865. He was then brevetted colonel in February 1866. He served in the field in Kentucky with Generals Lew Wallace, Grant, and Goodloe. He was also in charge of the post in Covington and Cincinnati. When the Confederates were moving in on Covington and General Burnside needed supplies to defend the state, Webster provided Burnside's army with $500,000 worth of rations and clothing while the army was on the move. He handled a total of 40 million dollars of government and property during the war. He declined an offer of commission in the regular army and was honorably discharged in October 1866. After the war, he moved to New York City and practiced law there. In 1889, Webster was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Tammany Democrat, representing the New York County 23rd District. He served in the Assembly in 1890, 1891, 1892 (when he introduced bills that appropriated three million dollars for repaving the streets establish a pumping station, abolished the aqueduct commission, authorized the New York Central to build a bridge above the Harlem River, and authorized the consolidation of all street railways in New York City), and 1893 (when, as chairman of the Committee on Affairs of Cities, introduced a number of bills, including to enlarge the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Natural History, abolish the power of dock commissioners to issue bonds, keep New York City's water supply pure, provide for the consolidation of New York City and Brooklyn, remove New York City Hall from City Hall Park, establish a speedway along the Harlem River, settle wrongful assessments, remove the reservoir in Bryant Park, and appropriate $150,000 to convert Castle Garden into a aquarium. In the Assembly, he passed a law that gave women the right to make a will without the knowledge or consent of the husband as well as an act that made the mother and father joint guardians of minor children instead of just the father. Webster became a member of the New York State Bar Association in 1889. He was a corporate member of the Knights Templar and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. He was also a member of the New York Press Club, publisher of a Harlem newspaper, and a contributor of the New York press for thirty years. In 1856, he married Agnes Hayman, daughter of an old Kentucky family. They had two daughters and two sons. The sons were both lawyers. Webster died at home from Bright's disease on January 11, 1899. References External links The Political Graveyard 1828 births 1899 deaths People from Watertown, Connecticut People from Newport, Kentucky 19th-century American lawyers Kentucky Commonwealth's Attorneys Lawyers from New York City Democratic Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives People of Kentucky in the American Civil War Union Army colonels 19th-century American politicians Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people) Deaths from nephritis

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64195660

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen%20Kuong

Carmen Kuong

Carmen Elisa Kuong Mavila (born 18 March 1981) is a Peruvian former footballer who played as a centre back. She has been a member of the Peru women's national team. International career Kuong capped for Peru at senior level during the 2003 South American Women's Football Championship. References 1981 births Living people Peruvian women's footballers Peru women's international footballers Women's association football central defenders Peruvian people of Chinese descent Sportspeople of Chinese descent

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66232820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Baghdad%20%281638%E2%80%931704%29

History of Baghdad (1638–1704)

In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1638 to 1704 began with the Fall of Baghdad after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city from the Safavid. It ended with the Hasan Pasha got power and also became the first Mamluk Governor of Baghdad on 1704. Kashik Hassan Pasha was a first Ottoman Governor of Baghdad, and Youssef Pasha was the last Timeline 1652 – Population: 14000 . 1657 – Flood. 1663 – The Ottoman Poet Nazmizade Baghdadi dies. 1669 – A typhus spreads in Baghdad 1672 – The Islamic scholar Mahmud Bin Ahmed al-Ahsá'í dies in Baghdad. 1674 – Hussain Pasha mosque built 1681 – Al-adamiyah Dam was over after had seven years built 1683 Ibrahim Pasha had reconstructions Al-Sarai Mosque Khaseki mosque built City besieged 1689 An earthquake happens in Baghdad The plague and Drought spreads in Baghdad 1690 – A plague was spreading in Baghdad the second time for less than one year 1702 – An earthquake happened in Baghdad on 15 July 1702 Ottoman walis (1638–1704) References See also Mamluk dynasty of Iraq History of Baghdad 1831-1917 Ottoman Iraq 1638 1638 establishments

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6761883

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20IAAF%20World%20Cross%20Country%20Championships

2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships

The 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 20/21, 2004. The races were held at the Ossegem Park in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, and for the IAAF. The new team scores introduced in 2002 were reverted to the original form as used in 2001 and earlier. Complete results for senior men, for senior men's teams, for men's short race, for men's short race teams, for junior men, for junior men's teams, senior women, for senior women's teams, for women's short race, for women's short race teams, for junior women, for junior women's teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published. Medallists Race results Senior men's race (12 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Men's short race (4 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Junior men's race (8 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Senior women's race (8 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Women's short race (4 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Junior women's race (6 km) Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result Medal table (unofficial) Note: Totals include both individual and team medals, with medals in the team competition counting as one medal. Participation According to an unofficial count, 673 athletes from 72 countries participated. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published. The announced athletes from did not show. (12) (2) (16) (2) (1) (6) (36) (4) (5) (5) (4) (33) (1) (2) (8) (1) (2) (2) (4) (4) (1) (19) (30) (32) (1) (2) (1) (1) (3) (17) (11) (23) (2) (36) (3) (2) (1) (5) (7) (34) (4) (6) (9) (4) (1) (4) (23) (13) (6) (2) (15) (10) (3) (2) (2) (12) (35) (13) (3) (13) (7) (3) (6) (6) (4) (30) (36) (5) (6) (2) (4) (3) See also 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Men's short race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Women's short race 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race 2004 in athletics (track and field) References External links Official site 2004 Cross Country Championships Cross Country C Cross country running in Belgium Sports competitions in Brussels 2000s in Brussels March 2004 sports events in Europe

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22150713

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenesis

Neogenesis

Neogenesis is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Neogenesis flaviplagialis, which is found in Papua New Guinea. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Odontiinae Crambidae genera Taxa named by George Hampson

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36745171

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%27s%20Cock

Frank's Cock

Frank's Cock is a 1993 Canadian short film written and directed by Mike Hoolboom. The eight-minute production stars Callum Keith Rennie as an unnamed narrator who discusses his relationship with his partner, Frank. The two met while the narrator was a teenager and spent nearly ten years together. Frank has since been diagnosed with AIDS, and the narrator fears his death. The story was based on the experience of one of Hoolboom's friends at People With AIDS, which Hoolboom adapted after receiving a commission to create a short film about breaking up. Shot on a low budget, the work is shown in a split-screen format with interspersed scenes from popular culture, gay pornography, and human embryo formation; this format is meant to symbolise the "fragmentation of the body" experienced by AIDS sufferers. Produced by Alex Mackenzie, Frank's Cock was critically acclaimed and won several awards, including the NFB–John Spotton Award for best Canadian short film at the 1994 Toronto International Film Festival. The script has been republished several times and has inspired a short on LGBT issues in Canada's native community. Synopsis An unnamed narrator (Callum Keith Rennie), who as a teenager intended to be the "Michael Jordan of sex" or "Wayne Gretzky with a hard-on", discusses how he met and fell in love with an older man named Frank. After the two met at a group sex session, they began an older brother–younger brother fantasy and moved in together. Frank has a voracious sexual appetite and, at times, invites the narrator for whole-day sex sessions. He is a tender lover, teaching his partner how to fly a box kite and cooking omelettes for him. The narrator is pleased with Frank's attentions and their sexual experimentation, although he is initially confused by Frank's insistence on listening to Peter Gzowski's Morningside during sex. As their ten-year anniversary approaches, Frank – having lost much weight and developed Kaposi's sarcomas – has been diagnosed with AIDS, leaving the narrator stunned; he concludes the narration with "I'm going to miss him. He was the best friend I ever had." Production The Canadian director Mike Hoolboom was diagnosed with HIV in 1988 or 1989, after going to donate blood. In a 1993 interview, he stated that he felt himself working harder after the diagnosis, finishing films at a more rapid rate because he was uncertain how long he would live. Hoolboom also became "fascinated with a body of parts spliced and spliced again", experimenting with "interruptive rhythms" as a way to reexamine simple acts. Having previously focused on films about the body, Hoolboom began dealing heavily with fragmentation, HIV/AIDS, and situations faced by those with the virus; Frank's Cock was his first venture directly addressing the AIDS issue. While living in Vancouver, Hoolboom joined the local People With AIDS (PWA) group. There he befriended a man (Joey in some sources, Alan in others) whose partner was dying of AIDS. Upon his friend's suggestion, Hoolboom began work on a script for "a real movie": one which portrayed an AIDS patient as full of love, not one that showed the patient's friends abandoning him. The friend was, however, unwilling to appear in the film. In writing the script Hoolboom tried to keep elements of humour; he later said that the humour was necessary as the source had insisted "most of our relationship was incredibly joyous and happy and a good time". After receiving a commission to make a short film for the Vancouver-based cooperative Cineworks, Hoolboom began working on realising the script with a low budget and limited amount of 16 mm film from the National Film Board of Canada; he was one of seven artists commissioned to "spark local production" with short films on breakup, which were ultimately included in the omnibus Breaking Up. Rennie – at that time a relative unknown – agreed to deliver the monologue. Hoolboom was pleased with the results, writing that Rennie presented the monologue as if "he'd been living this story all along." The majority of the technical work, including direction, cinematography, and editing, was handled by Hoolboom; Alex Mackenzie, working for Cineworks, produced the film. Part of the terms of his grant were that Hoolboom was allowed a limited number of edits (one or three). After pondering how to complete the film under such terms, Hoolboom chose to use no edits. He recorded previously edited footage, some appropriated from various sources, through a hole in a piece of cardboard, producing a single quadrant; he repeated this process three times, using the same film, which resulted in four quadrants with four different images. Production was completed by early 1993, and in screenings Frank's Cock was marketed as an "extremely explicit" experimental film. Although societal awareness of AIDS had developed at a slower pace in Canada than in the United States, films regarding the disease had appeared nearly concurrently: both the first Canadian documentary and the first American feature-length film on the subject, Nik Sheehan's No Sad Songs and John Erman's An Early Frost respectively, were released in 1985. However, the majority of the early gay artists with AIDS had died by the time Hoolboom made Frank's Cock; as such, the film scholar Thomas Waugh considers Hoolboom a second-generation figurehead in AIDS activism and one of the earliest not coming from the gay community. Style Frank's Cock divides the screen into quadrants, with the majority of the film focusing on the upper-right corner of the screen. In this panel, Rennie's character gives a monologue, which is sometimes illustrated by images in other panels: the lower-right panel flashes scenes of hardcore gay pornography, the upper-left shows scenes representing human embryo formation, while the lower-left flashes excerpts from popular art. Aside from the original footage of Rennie, the short appropriated clips from the Nova episode "The Miracle of Life", the gay pornographic film The Best of Blondes, and the music video for Madonna's 1992 song "Erotica". The effect was later reused in Hoolboom's 1997 short Positiv. Janis Cole, writing for Point of View, described the split-screen effect as supporting the text while "creating an optical treatment purposefully grounded in both dream and reality", as elements show out of sync. Jeff Rush and Cynthia Baughman, writing in the Journal of Film and Video, described the film as showing that "text can reverse the traditional balance of words = abstractions/images = the concrete" through the creation of vivid, perhaps disturbing, word pictures which serve as tangible images contrasted with the faint abstractions which are the actual images. Jack Rusholme, prefacing a retrospective of Hoolboom's works by Experimenta Media Arts, wrote that the split-screen evokes the effects of AIDS, in which "the body [is] broken into dispersed vantages", while the narration serves to "bind with words what this disease will render lifeless and inert". In a 1994 interview, Hoolboom stated that his intent was to represent the "fragmentation of the body" experienced by AIDS sufferers. Reception Frank's Cock has received warm critical reviews, both in Canada and abroad. Cole called it an "extraordinary experimental documentary" that is "as bold as the title implies" and a strong argument for the widespread dissemination of short films. Waugh placed Frank's Cock as one of a "great AIDS triptych", together with Hoolboom's later works Letters from Home (1996) and Positiv. The Canadian film scholar Darell Varga wrote that the film is an "emotionally riveting" eulogy to the loss of love. Karen Tisch, writing in Take One, found that the short built its emotional power "delicately but steadily"; she suggested that its Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) win was well-deserved. Reviewing for the Western Australian independent film magazine In the Picture, James Twentyman wrote that the film was "relatively straightforward" but strong and provocative, emphasising the "soul-baring" nature of the monologue. Rush and Baughman found that the short took the narrative voice beyond what is mainstream, demonstrating "the power of word and image", while Rusholme described Frank's Cock as Hoolboom's "most explicit AIDS narrative". The Swiss film festival Viper touted the short as expressing humour and sexual obsession in the face of a plague. Hoolboom has stated that he felt the film was accessible to both gay or straight audiences, which should "open them up to differences of form and why [one] would make something formally different." Waugh suggested that this was successful, as in his experience audiences often cried at screenings. Legacy Frank's Cock won several awards at domestic and international film festivals. At the 1994 TIFF it won the NFB–John Spotton Award, given for the best Canadian short film. The jury cited Frank's Cock for its "evocative images, ... impeccable writing and mise-en-scène, ... moving depiction of the universal human experiences of love and loss in the age of AIDS, and especially for its success in shaking our preconceptions". The selection included C$2,500 in prize money and a further C$2,500 worth of film processing. When accepting the award, Hoolboom quipped "Frank's Cock has never seemed so large"; Waugh, however, suggests that the title "caused more embarrassment than mirth" when it was read during the citation. Special citations were also read for Andrew Munger's Make Some Noise and Philip Hoffman's Technilogic Ordering. That year the film won a Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in Locarno, Switzerland. At the Ann Arbor Film Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Frank's Cock won Best Dramatic Film. The Canadian Filmmakers' Distribution Centre, which has distribution rights for the film, notes further awards at the Interfilm Festival in Berlin and Second Prize Experimental at the Big Muddy Film Festival in Carbondale, Illinois (both 1995), while Hoolboom records Frank's Cock as receiving an honourable mention at the University of Oregon's Queer Film Fest (1994). The script for Frank's Cock has been published several times, including in the script anthology By the Skin of Their Tongues and in the Journal of Film and Video (both 1997). The film influenced Adam Garnet Jones' Secret Weapons (2008), commissioned by the Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Centre in celebration of its fortieth anniversary. However, unlike Frank's Cock, Secret Weapons focused on an LGBT identity within Canada's native community. After his success at the TIFF, Hoolboom directed numerous further films, many showing a "fascination with its impermanence"; several, including Letters From Home, dealt explicitly with AIDS. Rennie, who had also received critical acclaim for his supporting role in Mina Shum's Double Happiness (1994), later became known for playing villains in Hollywood films. See also HIV/AIDS in Canada LGBT culture LGBT in Canada Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS Notes References Further reading External links Script at Mike Hoolboom's official website 1993 LGBT-related films 1993 films Canadian independent films Canadian LGBT-related short films Canadian drama short films Films directed by Mike Hoolboom HIV/AIDS in Canadian films 1993 independent films 1990s English-language films 1990s Canadian films Collage film English-language Canadian films

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"film", "about", "bre", "aking", "up", ".", "Sh", "ot", "on", "a", "low", "bud", "get", ",", "the", "work", "is", "shown", "in", "a", "split", "-", "screen", "format", "with", "inter", "sp", "ers", "ed", "scen", "es", "from", "popular", "culture", ",", "g", "ay", "por", "no", "graphy", ",", "and", "human", "em", "br", "yo", "formation", ";", "this", "format", "is", "me", "ant", "to", "sym", "bol", "ise", "the", "\"", "fr", "ag", "ment", "ation", "of", "the", "body", "\"", "experi", "enced", "by", "A", "ID", "S", "suffer", "ers", ".", "Produ", "ced", "by", "Alex", "M", "ack", "en", "z", "ie", ",", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "crit", "ically", "ac", "claimed", "and", "won", "several", "awards", ",", "including", "the", "N", "F", "B", "–", "John", "Sp", "ot", "ton", "Award", "for", "best", "Canadian", "short", "film", "at", "the", "1994", "Toronto", "International", "Film", "Festival", ".", "The", "s", "cript", "has", "been", "re", "published", "several", "times", "and", "has", "inspired", "a", "short", "on", "L", "GB", "T", "issues", "in", "Canada", "'", "s", "native", "community", ".", "Sy", "n", "ops", "is", "An", "un", "named", "n", "arr", "ator", "(", "Call", "um", "Ke", "ith", "R", "enn", "ie", "),", "who", "as", "a", "teen", "ag", "er", "intended", "to", "be", "the", "\"", "Michael", "J", "ord", "an", "of", "sex", "\"", "or", "\"", "Way", "ne", "G", "ret", "z", "ky", "with", "a", "hard", "-", "on", "\",", "discuss", "es", "how", "he", "met", "and", "fell", "in", "love", "with", "an", "older", "man", "named", "Frank", ".", "After", "the", "two", "met", "at", "a", "group", "sex", "s", "ession", ",", "they", "began", "an", "older", "brother", "–", "younger", "brother", "f", "ant", "asy", "and", "moved", "in", "together", ".", "Frank", "has", "a", "v", "or", "ac", "ious", "sexual", "app", "et", "ite", "and", ",", "at", "times", ",", "inv", "ites", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "for", "whole", "-", "day", "sex", "s", "ess", "ions", ".", "He", "is", "a", "t", "ender", "l", "over", ",", "teach", "ing", "his", "part", "ner", "how", "to", "fly", "a", "box", "k", "ite", "and", "co", "ok", "ing", "ome", "let", "t", "es", "for", "him", ".", "The", "n", "arr", "ator", "is", "ple", "ased", "with", "Frank", "'", "s", "att", "ent", "ions", "and", "their", "sexual", "experiment", "ation", ",", "although", "he", "is", "initially", "conf", "used", "by", "Frank", "'", "s", "ins", "ist", "ence", "on", "list", "ening", "to", "Peter", "G", "z", "ow", "ski", "'", "s", "M", "orn", "ings", "ide", "during", "sex", ".", "As", "their", "ten", "-", "year", "ann", "ivers", "ary", "approach", "es", ",", "Frank", "–", "having", "lost", "much", "weight", "and", "developed", "K", "ap", "os", "i", "'", "s", "s", "ar", "com", "as", "–", "has", "been", "di", "agn", "os", "ed", "with", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "leaving", "the", "n", "arr", "ator", "st", "un", "ned", ";", "he", "concl", "ud", "es", "the", "n", "arr", "ation", "with", "\"", "I", "'", "m", "going", "to", "miss", "him", ".", "He", "was", "the", "best", "friend", "I", "ever", "had", ".\"", "Production", "The", "Canadian", "director", "Mike", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "di", "agn", "os", "ed", "with", "H", "IV", "in", "1988", "or", "1989", ",", "after", "going", "to", "don", "ate", "blood", ".", "In", "a", "1993", "interview", ",", "he", "stated", "that", "he", "felt", "himself", "working", "hard", "er", "after", "the", "di", "agn", "os", "is", ",", "finish", "ing", "films", "at", "a", "more", "rap", "id", "rate", "because", "he", "was", "un", "certain", "how", "long", "he", "would", "live", ".", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "also", "became", "\"", "f", "asc", "in", "ated", "with", "a", "body", "of", "parts", "s", "plic", "ed", "and", "s", "plic", "ed", "again", "\",", "experiment", "ing", "with", "\"", "inter", "rupt", "ive", "r", "hy", "th", "ms", "\"", "as", "a", "way", "to", "re", "exam", "ine", "sim", "ple", "acts", ".", "H", "aving", "previously", "foc", "used", "on", "films", "about", "the", "body", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "deal", "ing", "he", "av", "ily", "with", "fr", "ag", "ment", "ation", ",", "H", "IV", "/", "A", "ID", "S", ",", "and", "sit", "u", "ations", "faced", "by", "those", "with", "the", "vir", "us", ";", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "his", "first", "venture", "directly", "address", "ing", "the", "A", "ID", "S", "issue", ".", "While", "living", "in", "V", "anc", "ou", "ver", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "joined", "the", "local", "People", "With", "A", "ID", "S", "(", "P", "W", "A", ")", "group", ".", "There", "he", "be", "fr", "i", "ended", "a", "man", "(", "Jo", "ey", "in", "some", "sources", ",", "Al", "an", "in", "others", ")", "whose", "part", "ner", "was", "d", "ying", "of", "A", "ID", "S", ".", "Up", "on", "his", "friend", "'", "s", "sugg", "est", "ion", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "work", "on", "a", "s", "cript", "for", "\"", "a", "real", "movie", "\"", ":", "one", "which", "portr", "ayed", "an", "A", "ID", "S", "pat", "ient", "as", "full", "of", "love", ",", "not", "one", "that", "showed", "the", "pat", "ient", "'", "s", "friends", "abandon", "ing", "him", ".", "The", "friend", "was", ",", "however", ",", "un", "will", "ing", "to", "appear", "in", "the", "film", ".", "In", "writing", "the", "s", "cript", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "tr", "ied", "to", "keep", "elements", "of", "hum", "our", ";", "he", "later", "said", "that", "the", "hum", "our", "was", "necess", "ary", "as", "the", "source", "had", "ins", "ist", "ed", "\"", "most", "of", "our", "relationship", "was", "in", "cred", "ibly", "joy", "ous", "and", "h", "app", "y", "and", "a", "good", "time", "\".", "After", "rece", "iving", "a", "commission", "to", "make", "a", "short", "film", "for", "the", "V", "anc", "ou", "ver", "-", "based", "co", "oper", "ative", "C", "ine", "works", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "began", "working", "on", "real", "ising", "the", "s", "cript", "with", "a", "low", "bud", "get", "and", "limited", "amount", "of", "16", "mm", "film", "from", "the", "National", "Film", "Board", "of", "Canada", ";", "he", "was", "one", "of", "seven", "artists", "commissioned", "to", "\"", "sp", "ark", "local", "production", "\"", "with", "short", "films", "on", "break", "up", ",", "which", "were", "ult", "imately", "included", "in", "the", "om", "n", "ib", "us", "Bre", "aking", "Up", ".", "R", "enn", "ie", "–", "at", "that", "time", "a", "rel", "ative", "unknown", "–", "agreed", "to", "deliver", "the", "mon", "olog", "ue", ".", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "ple", "ased", "with", "the", "results", ",", "writing", "that", "R", "enn", "ie", "presented", "the", "mon", "olog", "ue", "as", "if", "\"", "he", "'", "d", "been", "living", "this", "story", "all", "along", ".\"", "The", "majority", "of", "the", "techn", "ical", "work", ",", "including", "direction", ",", "c", "inem", "ato", "graphy", ",", "and", "ed", "iting", ",", "was", "hand", "led", "by", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", ";", "Alex", "M", "ack", "en", "z", "ie", ",", "working", "for", "C", "ine", "works", ",", "produced", "the", "film", ".", "Part", "of", "the", "terms", "of", "his", "gr", "ant", "were", "that", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "was", "allowed", "a", "limited", "number", "of", "ed", "its", "(", "one", "or", "three", ").", "After", "p", "on", "der", "ing", "how", "to", "complete", "the", "film", "under", "such", "terms", ",", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "cho", "se", "to", "use", "no", "ed", "its", ".", "He", "recorded", "previously", "ed", "ited", "foot", "age", ",", "some", "appro", "pri", "ated", "from", "various", "sources", ",", "through", "a", "h", "ole", "in", "a", "piece", "of", "card", "board", ",", "produ", "cing", "a", "single", "quad", "r", "ant", ";", "he", "repe", "ated", "this", "process", "three", "times", ",", "using", "the", "same", "film", ",", "which", "resulted", "in", "four", "quad", "rants", "with", "four", "different", "im", "ages", ".", "Production", "was", "completed", "by", "early", "1993", ",", "and", "in", "screen", "ings", "Frank", "'", "s", "C", "ock", "was", "market", "ed", "as", "an", "\"", "ext", "rem", "ely", "expl", "ic", "it", "\"", "experiment", "al", "film", ".", "Although", "soci", "et", "al", "aw", "ar", "en", "ess", "of", "A", "ID", "S", "had", "developed", "at", "a", "sl", "ower", "p", "ace", "in", "Canada", "than", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "films", "regard", "ing", "the", "disease", "had", "appeared", "nearly", "con", "currently", ":", "both", "the", "first", "Canadian", "documentary", "and", "the", "first", "American", "feature", "-", "length", "film", "on", "the", "subject", ",", "Nik", "She", "e", "han", "'", "s", "No", "S", "ad", "Songs", "and", "John", "Er", "man", "'", "s", "An", "Early", "F", "ro", "st", "respectively", ",", "were", "released", "in", "1985", ".", "However", ",", "the", "majority", "of", "the", "early", "g", "ay", "artists", "with", "A", "ID", "S", "had", "died", "by", "the", "time", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "made", "Frank", "'", "s", 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"human", "em", "br", "yo", "formation", ",", "while", "the", "lower", "-", "left", "fl", "ash", "es", "ex", "cer", "p", "ts", "from", "popular", "art", ".", "As", "ide", "from", "the", "original", "foot", "age", "of", "R", "enn", "ie", ",", "the", "short", "appro", "pri", "ated", "cl", "ips", "from", "the", "Nov", "a", "episode", "\"", "The", "Mir", "ac", "le", "of", "Life", "\",", "the", "g", "ay", "por", "no", "graph", "ic", "film", "The", "Best", "of", "Bl", "on", "des", ",", "and", "the", "music", "video", "for", "Mad", "on", "na", "'", "s", "1992", "song", "\"", "E", "rot", "ica", "\".", "The", "effect", "was", "later", "re", "used", "in", "Ho", "ol", "bo", "om", "'", "s", "1997", "short", "P", "os", "it", "iv", ".", "Jan", "is", "Co", "le", ",", "writing", "for", "Point", "of", "V", "iew", ",", "described", "the", "split", "-", "screen", "effect", "as", "support", "ing", "the", "text", "while", "\"", "cre", "ating", "an", "opt", "ical", "treatment", "purpose", "fully", "ground", 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67901509

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Vision%20%28Belarus%29

Christian Vision (Belarus)

Christian Vision is a working group of the Coordination Council of Belarus for formulating and supporting Christians’ contribution to the council's aims: overcoming the political crisis and securing reconciliation. Status and membership The group was established on 9 September 2020 as an informal interdenominational association open to the Coordination Council members to join. The statement announcing the group's establishment was initially signed by 24 lay and ordained persons from the main Christian denominations of Belarus. Activities Christian Vision monitors and publicises the facts of persecution of the people of faith based on their believes or political views, and of violence and infringement of their rights in the place of detention. Those reports form the basis of the ongoing Monitoring of the Persecution in Belarus of People on Religious Grounds During the Political Crisis published in Russian and English. The reports have been used by the national and international media outlets for their own reporting. The group mobilised and reported on the words and works of the laity and clergy in support of nonviolence, restoring the rule of law and releasing political prisoners. The group encouraged theologians, ordained ministers and others in Belarus and abroad to develop a theological reflective perspective on the protests and persecutions in Belarus. An unprecedented for Belarus example of such a reflection was Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's letter to the Pope Francis. It organised and supported campaigns for political prisoners, persecuted believers and religious communities in Belarus. The group publicises its work on its website and the channels in Telegram and Facebook. External links The Christian Vision's website, Church and the Political Crisis in Belarus References 2020–2021 Belarusian protests Belarusian opposition Protests in Belarus Human rights organizations based in Belarus Christian organisations in Belarus

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10936588

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife%20of%20Vietnam

Wildlife of Vietnam

The wildlife of Vietnam is rich in flora and fauna as reflected by its unique biodiversity. Saola, rare and antelope-like animal categorized under the bovine subfamily, was found in 1992 in Vũ Quang National Park. In the 1990s, three other muntjac species, the deer-like Truong Son muntjac (found in Bạch Mã National Park), giant muntjac (found in Vũ Quang National Park) and Pu Hoat muntjac (found in Pù Hoạt, Nghệ An), were also discovered. Conservation protection and scientific studies of the ecology of Vietnam, particularly in the protected forest areas, have been given priority attention by the Government of Vietnam. Laws were enacted to set up Xuân Thủy Wetland National Park, four UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, and Hạ Long Bay and Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Parks; the last two are also designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The rich diversity of Vietnam's wildlife includes 11,400 species of vascular plants, 1030 species of moss, 310 species of mammals, 296 reptile species, 162 amphibian species, 700 freshwater species of fish and 2000 species of marine fish. There are about 889 species of birds and over 850 species of land mollusks. However, a study by the WWF has reported that nearly 10% of the wildlife in the country is threatened with extinction. Vietnam is placed 16th highest among 152 countries studied in terms of the proportion of its wildlife species found to be in danger. National parks While the national reserves cover small areas of scientific significance with restricted access, the national parks also cover wetlands of Ramsar designated areas and BirdLife International inscribed bird areas. The largest of the national parks initially covered were the Cuc Phuong National Park, the Cat Tien National Park, the Con Dao National Park and Con Dao National Park, which to start with, were forest areas along with being reserves or prohibited areas. The objective for creating national parks was to allow access to the reserved areas as a part of ecotourism and cultural needs with full attention to the basic approach of conservation of natural environmental resources. The national parks and reserves, as per present status, (as reported by the national parks of Vietnam) conforming to the topography of the country which cover terrestrial, deltas of rivers, and coastal zones are: Five national parks and four reserves in the Mekong Delta; two national parks in the northeastern area; five reserves in the north western area; three parks in the Red River Delta; two parks and one reserve in the North Central Coastal area; two reserves in South Central Coastal area; three parks and one reserve in Central Highlands; one park and one reserve in south eastern area. Flora The flora of Vietnam has existed in its current form since at least the Oligocene, as evidenced by the assemblage known as the Ha Long megafossil flora from the Oligocene-aged Dong Ho Formation, which outcrops in the Ha Long region. The country was once totally covered with forests but over the years due to the war and deforestation and anthropological pressures some areas have lost their biodiversity value. The floral richness of the rain forest habitats comprise a broad range of evergreens. According to the Conservation International List Vietnam is identified as the fifth biodiversity hot spot in the world, on account of its exotic flora and fauna. Between 1997 and 2007, almost 1000 new species have been discovered. However, many areas still remain to be explored, and more species are likely to appear in the future. Natural forests are at higher elevations in the northwest and mangrove swamps are in the coastal areas. Rainforest in the hilly region has wild rhododendrons in the northwest along with dwarf bamboos and numerous types of orchids. The central dry region has pines and the river deltas have mangrove forests. The largest and the most conspicuous find in recent years is of the plant species in the Halong Bay area known as Halong fan palm. The largest species was the gum tree. Considered one of the world biological diversification centers, the flora estimated is of the order of 12,000 species (veined flora) of which 9,628 have been recorded under 291 families. It includes 1000 endemic species. Trees, which provide timber, are of 1,000 species. Timber plants are 100 species. Commercially usable species are 352 species including 42 listed as precious tree species. Further categorization of the flora relates to 76 aromatic spices, 160 species providing vegetable oils, and also herbal species. Some of the well known herbal species are: ginseng, Coscinium fenestratum, Coptis teeta, Panax vietnamensis, and Stephania. Fauna Faunal species noted are accounted as 11,217 species of animals, in Vietnam's hot and humid climate. These are broadly: Indian elephants, bears (black bear and honey bear), Indochinese tigers and Indochinese leopards as well as smaller animals like pygmy lorises, monkeys (such as snub-nosed monkey), bats, flying squirrels, turtles and otters. Reptiles such as crocodiles, snakes and lizards are also reported. Specifically the faunal species which are endemic to Vietnam are the following. While many variety of animals have become extinct like the Northern Sumatran rhinoceros, the protection of large animals have been addressed. The Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros used to live throughout the region of Vietnam but was declared extinct in 2010 when the last remaining individual was found dead with the horn removed. There are also 2,470 species of fish, more than 23,000 species of corals and many species of invertebrates recorded in the wildlife of Vietnam. Mammals Primates Hatinh langur Francois' langur Black-crested gibbon White-cheeked gibbon Southern white-cheeked gibbon Red-shanked douc Black-shanked douc Gray-shanked douc Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Stump-tailed macaque Pygmy loris Crab-eating macaque Pig-tailed macaque Cats Indochinese tiger Leopard cat Marbled cat Jungle cat Clouded leopard Asian golden cat Indochinese leopard Civets Large Indian civet Large-spotted civet Small Indian civet Owston's palm civet Asian palm civet Binturong Masked palm civet Small-toothed palm civet Deer Giant muntjac Indian muntjac Truong Son muntjac Vietnamese sika deer Sambar deer Elephants Indian elephant Bovine Banteng Kouprey Saola Gaur Water buffalo Rhinoceros Northern Sumatran rhinoceros which is officially extinct in Vietnam and on the IUCN Red List. Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros which is officially extinct in Vietnam and on the IUCN Red List. Cetacea Chinese white dolphin Finless porpoise (narrow-ridged finless porpoise) Irrawaddy dolphin Spinner dolphin Sirenia Dugong Reptiles Perhaps a third of Vietnam's 484 identified reptile species are endemic, and new species are regularly discovered. These species are often found in particular hotspots, for example 32 endemic species are found within the Annamite Range. The IUCN Red List has listings for 74 threatened species, which does not include species which are too data deficient for assessments to be made. Many species are known only from a single location, and only around a fifth of species (and 23% the Red List species) have captive populations. Such populations can be crucial for a species to survive, for example the Vietnamese pond turtle is present in captivity despite being rare or extinct in the wild. Turtles/tortoises Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata) Vietnamese pond turtle (Mauremys annamensis) Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys) Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Asian giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii) Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) Lizards Agamids Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) Short-footed lizard (Acanthosaura brachypoda) Mountain horned-dragon (Acanthosaura capra) Crowned spiny lizard (Acanthosaura coronata) Brown pricklenape (Acanthosaura lepidogaster) Murphy's agama (Acanthosaura murphyi) Natalie's agama (Acanthosaura nataliae) Phong Dien agama (Acanthosaura phongdienensis) Short-spined agama (Acanthosaura prasina) Banded japalure (Diploderma fasciatum) Geckos Adler's gecko (Gekko adleri) Ba Na dwarf gecko (Hemiphyllodactylus banaensis) Monitors Clouded monitor (Varanus nebulosus) Water monitor (Varanus salvator) Skinks Chinese short-limbed skink (Ateuchosaurus chinensis) Snakes Venomous Mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola) Sharp-nosed viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) Jerdon's pit viper (Protobothrops jerdonii) Brown-spotted pit-viper (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) Three-horned pit-viper (Protobothrops sieversorum) Stejneger's bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) Ruby-eyed pit-viper (Trimeresurus rubeus) White-lipped pit-viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) Indochinese spitting cobra (Naja siamensis) Chinese cobra (Naja atra) Non-venomous Reticulated python Burmese python Red-tailed green ratsnake Vietnam blue beauty ratsnake Crocodilians Saltwater crocodile, which has been extinct in Vietnam since at least the 1980s. Siamese crocodile which is critically endangered on the IUCN Red List and, in Vietnam, is currently only found within Cat Tien National Park, but was much more widespread historically. Birds Rare and little known birds have been identified such as the Edward's pheasant which was believed to be extinct, the white-winged wood duck and the white-shouldered ibis. The country lies on the east Asian flyway of Siberian birds and is an important stopover for migratory waders. According to the BirdLife International records of 2011, the avifauna recorded are of 889 species, which includes 18 endemic species, 44 globally threatened species and 6 introduced species. The globally threatened species are listed under the following three categories, excluding vulnerable category. Near-threatened The near threatened species listed by IBA are: Falcated duck (Anas falcata) Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca) Chestnut-necklaced partridge (Arborophila charltonii) Siamese fireback (Lophura diardi) Germain's peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron germaini) Platalea minor (Ichthyophaga humilis) Gray-headed fish-eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) White-rumped falcon (Polihierax insignis) Laggar falcon (Falco jugger) Corn crake (Crex crex) Band-bellied crake (Porzana paykullii) Malaysian plover (Charadrius peronii) Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) Black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) Black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda) Nicobar pigeon (Caloenas nicobarica) Blue-rumped parrot (Psittinus cyanurus) Long-tailed parakeet (Psittacula longicauda) Black-bellied malkoha (Phaenicophaeus diardi) Ward's trogon (Harpactes wardi) Blyth's kingfisher (Alcedo hercules) Black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Brown hornbill (Anorrhinus austeni) White-crowned hornbill (Aceros comatus) Red-collared woodpecker (Picus rabieri) Japanese paradise-flycatcher (Terpsiphone atrocaudata) Collared crow (Corvus torquatus) Yellow-billed nuthatch (Sitta solangiae) Streaked bulbul (Ixos malaccensis) Black-headed parrotbill (Paradoxornis margaritae) Rufous-rumped grassbird (Graminicola bengalensis) Short-tailed scimitar-babbler (Jabouilleia danjoui) Black-hooded laughingthrush (Garrulax milleti); Vietnamese cutia (Cutia legalleni) Scarlet-breasted flowerpecker (Prionochilus thoracicus) Mekong wagtail (Motacilla samveasnae) Vietnamese greenfinch (Chloris monguilloti) Asian golden weaver (Ploceus hypoxanthus) Endangered The endangered list covers the following species. White-winged duck (Cairina scutulata) Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri) Scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) Orange-necked partridge (Arborophila davidi) Edwards's pheasant (Lophura edwardsi) Vietnamese pheasant Black-faced spoonbill Lesser fish-eagle (Platalea minor) Nordmann's greenshank (Tringa guttifer) Collared laughingthrush (Garrulax yersini) Gray-crowned crocias (Crocias langbianis) Sooty babbler (Stachyris herberti) Critically endangered The list of critically endangered species identified by IBA is given below. Christmas Island frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi) White-shouldered ibis (Pseudibis davisoni) Giant ibis (Pseudibis gigantea) White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis) Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus) Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) Spoon-billed sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus) Molluscs Marine molluscs The marine molluscan fauna of Vietnam includes numerous species of chitons, gastropods, tusk shells, cephalopods and bivalves. Non-marine molluscs Vietnam's fauna of non-marine molluscs comprises various species of freshwater gastropods, freshwater bivalves and terrestrial gastropods. The terrestrial gastropod fauna is highly diverse and includes more than 850 described land snail and slug species; many species inhabit limestone karst hills. Threats and conservation The protected areas in Vietnam have suffered a decline over the past several decades. The reasons adduced to this situation are; the Vietnam war, deforestation, hunting, export of animals under CITES agreement which is generally violated by illegal activity due to inadequate patrolling. Illegal trade in wildlife is flourishing in Vietnam as there is great demand for these animals in China and also within the country. They have commercial value both at home and abroad Trade in wildlife resources in Vietnam is of considerable value. In respect of faunal species, trade varies between 3,700 and 4,500 tons; the use of faunal species are also for medical purposes, pets, and as food and ornamentation but excludes trade in aquatic species. Insects are also a valuable source of trade with beetle and Lepidoptera species contributing towards a major share. Medicinal plants are also harvested and its trade is of the order of 20,000 tons. Continuous conservation efforts by the Government of Vietnam have brought more and more areas under protected status. Logging operations have been banned. The conservation efforts are showing positive results with wildlife becoming re-established in many reforested areas. Mangrove forest areas are on the rise due to renewed planting. Fish fauna and crustaceans are proliferating and birds are seen more frequently. As a result of conservation efforts, Siamese crocodile numbers have recovered on account of their reintroduction to ponds within the parks. See also Protected areas of Vietnam List of fauna of Hà Giang List of amphibians of Hoàng Liên National Park References Bibliography . Environment of Vietnam Natural history of Vietnam Vietnam

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"of", "the", "e", "col", "ogy", "of", "Vietnam", ",", "particularly", "in", "the", "prote", "cted", "forest", "areas", ",", "have", "been", "given", "prior", "ity", "attention", "by", "the", "Government", "of", "Vietnam", ".", "Law", "s", "were", "en", "acted", "to", "set", "up", "X", "u", "â", "n", "Th", "ủ", "y", "W", "et", "land", "National", "Park", ",", "four", "U", "NE", "S", "CO", "B", "ios", "ph", "ere", "Res", "er", "ves", ",", "and", "H", "ạ", "Long", "Bay", "and", "Ph", "ong", "N", "ha", "-", "K", "ẻ", "B", "à", "n", "g", "National", "Par", "ks", ";", "the", "last", "two", "are", "also", "designated", "as", "U", "NE", "S", "CO", "World", "Her", "itage", "S", "ites", ".", "The", "rich", "d", "iversity", "of", "Vietnam", "'", "s", "w", "ild", "life", "includes", "11", ",", "400", "species", "of", "v", "asc", "ular", "plants", ",", "10", "30", "species", "of", "m", "oss", ",", "3", "10", "species", "of", "m", "amm", "als", ",", "29", "6", "re", "pt", "ile", "species", ",", "16", "2", "amp", "hib", "ian", "species", ",", "7", "00", "fr", "esh", "water", "species", "of", "fish", "and", "2000", "species", "of", "marine", "fish", ".", "There", "are", "about", "88", "9", "species", "of", "bir", "ds", "and", "over", "8", "50", "species", "of", "land", "m", "oll", "us", "ks", ".", "However", ",", "a", "study", "by", "the", "W", "W", "F", "has", "reported", "that", "nearly", "10", "%", "of", "the", "w", "ild", "life", "in", "the", "country", "is", "threat", "ened", "with", "ext", "in", "ction", ".", "Vietnam", "is", "placed", "16", "th", "highest", "among", "15", "2", "countries", "studied", "in", "terms", "of", "the", "pro", "portion", "of", "its", "w", "ild", "life", "species", "found", "to", "be", "in", "d", "anger", ".", "National", "par", "ks", "While", "the", "national", "reser", "ves", "cover", "small", "areas", "of", "scient", "ific", "sign", "if", "ican", "ce", "with", "rest", "ric", "ted", "access", ",", "the", "national", "par", "ks", "also", "cover", "w", "et", "lands", "of", "Ram", "s", "ar", "designated", "areas", "and", "B", "ird", "Life", "International", "ins", "cr", "ib", "ed", "bir", "d", "areas", ".", "The", "largest", "of", "the", "national", "par", "ks", "initially", "covered", "were", "the", "C", "uc", "Ph", "u", "ong", "National", "Park", ",", "the", "C", "at", "T", "ien", "National", "Park", ",", "the", "Con", "D", "ao", "National", "Park", "and", "Con", "D", "ao", "National", "Park", ",", "which", "to", "start", "with", ",", "were", "forest", "areas", "along", "with", "being", "reser", "ves", "or", "pro", "hib", "ited", "areas", ".", "The", "object", "ive", "for", "cre", "ating", "national", "par", "ks", "was", "to", "allow", "access", "to", "the", "reser", "ved", "areas", "as", "a", "part", "of", "e", "co", "tour", "ism", "and", "cultural", "ne", "eds", "with", "full", "attention", "to", "the", "bas", "ic", "approach", "of", "conserv", "ation", "of", "natural", "environment", "al", "res", "ources", ".", "The", "national", "par", "ks", "and", "reser", "ves", ",", "as", "per", "present", "status", ",", "(", "as", "reported", "by", "the", "national", "par", "ks", "of", "Vietnam", ")", "con", "forming", "to", "the", "to", "po", "graphy", "of", "the", "country", "which", "cover", "ter", "rest", "r", "ial", ",", "del", "t", "as", "of", "r", "ivers", ",", "and", "coast", "al", "z", "ones", "are", ":", "F", "ive", "national", "par", "ks", "and", "four", "reser", "ves", "in", "the", "Me", "k", "ong", "Del", "ta", ";", "two", "national", "par", "ks", "in", "the", "nor", "the", "astern", "area", ";", "five", "reser", "ves", "in", "the", "north", "western", "area", ";", "three", "par", "ks", "in", "the", "Red", "River", "Del", "ta", ";", "two", "par", "ks", "and", "one", "res", "erve", "in", "the", "North", "Central", "Coast", "al", "area", ";", "two", "reser", "ves", "in", "South", "Central", "Coast", "al", "area", ";", "three", "par", "ks", "and", "one", "res", "erve", "in", "Central", "High", "lands", ";", "one", "park", "and", "one", "res", "erve", "in", "south", "eastern", "area", ".", "Flor", "a", "The", "fl", "ora", "of", "Vietnam", "has", "exist", "ed", "in", "its", "current", "form", "since", "at", "least", "the", "Ol", "ig", "oc", "ene", ",", "as", "ev", "id", "enced", "by", "the", "as", "sem", "bl", "age", "known", "as", "the", "Ha", "Long", "me", "g", "af", "oss", "il", "fl", "ora", "from", "the", "Ol", "ig", "oc", "ene", "-", "aged", "D", "ong", "Ho", "Form", "ation", ",", "which", "out", "c", "rop", "s", "in", "the", "Ha", "Long", "region", ".", "The", "country", "was", "once", "to", "t", "ally", "covered", "with", "for", "ests", "but", "over", "the", "years", "due", "to", "the", "war", "and", "de", "forest", "ation", "and", "anth", "ro", "pol", "og", "ical", "press", "ures", "some", "areas", "have", "lost", "their", "bi", "od", "iversity", "value", ".", "The", "fl", "or", "al", "rich", "ness", "of", "the", "rain", "forest", "habit", "ats", "com", "prise", "a", "broad", "range", "of", "ever", "gre", "ens", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Conserv", "ation", "International", "List", "Vietnam", "is", "identified", "as", "the", "fifth", "bi", "od", "iversity", "hot", "spot", "in", "the", "world", ",", "on", "account", "of", "its", "ex", "ot", "ic", "fl", "ora", "and", "fa", "una", ".", "Between", "1997", "and", "2007", ",", "almost", "1", "000", "new", "species", "have", "been", "discovered", ".", "However", ",", "many", "areas", "still", "remain", "to", "be", "expl", "ored", ",", "and", "more", "species", "are", "likely", "to", "appear", "in", "the", "future", ".", "Nat", "ural", "for", "ests", "are", "at", "higher", "ele", "v", "ations", "in", "the", "north", "west", "and", "man", "gro", "ve", "sw", "amp", "s", "are", "in", "the", "coast", "al", "areas", ".", "R", "ain", "forest", "in", "the", "h", "illy", "region", "has", "w", "ild", "r", "h", "od", "od", "end", "r", "ons", "in", "the", "north", "west", "along", "with", "d", "war", "f", "b", "am", "bo", "os", "and", "numerous", "types", "of", "or", "ch", "ids", ".", "The", "central", "dr", "y", "region", "has", "p", "ines", "and", "the", "river", "del", "t", "as", "have", "man", "gro", "ve", "for", "ests", ".", "The", "largest", "and", "the", "most", "con", "sp", "ic", "u", "ous", "find", "in", "recent", "years", "is", "of", "the", "plant", "species", "in", "the", "H", "along", "Bay", "area", "known", "as", "H", "along", "fan", "pal", "m", ".", "The", "largest", "species", "was", "the", "g", "um", "tree", ".", "Con", "sid", "ered", "one", "of", "the", "world", "bi", "ological", "d", "ivers", "ification", "cent", "ers", ",", "the", "fl", "ora", "estimated", "is", "of", "the", "order", "of", "12", ",", "000", "species", "(", "ve", "ined", "fl", "ora", ")", "of", "which", "9", ",", "6", "28", "have", "been", "recorded", "under", "29", "1", "families", ".", "It", "includes", "1", "000", "end", "emic", "species", ".", "Tre", "es", ",", "which", "provide", "tim", "ber", ",", "are", "of", "1", ",", "000", "species", ".", "Tim", "ber", "plants", "are", "100", "species", ".", "Com", "merc", "ially", "us", "able", "species", "are", "35", "2", "species", "including", "42", "listed", "as", "pre", "c", "ious", "tree", "species", ".", "Further", "categ", "or", "ization", "of", "the", "fl", "ora", "rel", "ates", "to", "76", "ar", "om", "atic", "sp", "ices", ",", "16", "0", "species", "providing", "ve", "get", "able", "oil", "s", ",", "and", "also", "her", "bal", "species", ".", "Some", "of", "the", "well", "known", "her", "bal", "species", "are", ":", "g", "ins", "eng", ",", "C", "os", "c", "in", "ium", "f", "en", "est", "rat", "um", ",", "C", "opt", "is", "te", "et", "a", ",", "Pan", "ax", "v", "iet", "nam", "ensis", ",", "and", "Ste", "ph", "an", "ia", ".", "F", "a", "una", "F", "a", "un", "al", "species", "noted", "are", "ac", "coun", "ted", "as", "11", ",", "2", "17", "species", "of", "anim", "als", ",", "in", "Vietnam", "'", "s", "hot", "and", "hum", "id", "cl", "imate", ".", "These", "are", "broad", "ly", ":", "Indian", "ele", "ph", "ants", ",", "be", "ars", "(", "black", "be", "ar", "and", "h", "oney", "be", "ar", "),", "Ind", "och", "in", "ese", "t", "ig", "ers", "and", "Ind", "och", "in", "ese", "le", "op", "ards", "as", "well", "as", "smaller", "anim", "als", "like", "p", "y", "g", "my", "lor", "ises", ",", "mon", "ke", "ys", "(", "such", "as", "sn", "ub", "-", "n", "os", "ed", "mon", "key", "),", "b", "ats", ",", "f", "lying", "s", "qu", "ir", "rel", "s", ",", "tur", "t", "les", "and", "ot", "ters", ".", "Re", "pt", "iles", "such", "as", "c", "ro", "c", "od", "iles", ",", "sn", "akes", "and", "l", "iz", "ards", "are", "also", "reported", ".", "Spec", "if", "ically", "the", "fa", "un", "al", "species", "which", "are", "end", "emic", "to", "Vietnam", "are", "the", "following", ".", "While", "many", "variety", "of", "anim", "als", "have", "become", "ext", "in", "ct", "like", "the", "Northern", "Sum", "at", "ran", "r", "h", "in", "oc", "er", "os", ",", "the", "prote", "ction", "of", "large", "anim", "als", "have", "been", "address", "ed", ".", "The", "Viet", "names", "e", "J", "av", "an", "r", "h", "in", "oc", "er", "os", "used", "to", "live", "throughout", "the", "region", "of", "Vietnam", "but", "was", "declared", "ext", "in", "ct", "in", "2010", "when", "the", "last", "remaining", "individual", "was", "found", "dead", "with", "the", "h", "orn", "removed", ".", "There", "are", "also", "2", ",", "4", "70", "species", "of", "fish", ",", "more", "than", "23", ",", "000", "species", "of", "cor", "als", "and", "many", "species", "of", "in", "ver", "te", "br", "ates", "recorded", "in", "the", "w", "ild", "life", "of", "Vietnam", ".", "M", "amm", "als", "Prim", "ates", "H", "at", "in", "h", "l", "ang", "ur", "Fran", "co", "is", "'", "l", "ang", "ur", "Black", "-", "cr", "ested", "g", "ib", "bon", "White", "-", "che", "ek", "ed", "g", "ib", "bon", "Southern", "white", "-", "che", "ek", "ed", "g", "ib", "bon", "Red", "-", "sh", "ank", "ed", "dou", "c", "Black", "-", "sh", "ank", "ed", "dou", "c", "Gr", "ay", "-", "sh", "ank", "ed", "dou", "c", "T", "on", "kin", "sn", "ub", "-", "n", "os", "ed", "mon", "key", "St", "ump", "-", "t", "ailed", "m", "ac", "a", "que", "P", "y", "g", "my", "lor", "is", "Cr", "ab", "-", "e", "ating", "m", "ac", "a", "que", "P", "ig", "-", "t", "ailed", "m", "ac", "a", "que", "C", "ats", "Ind", "och", "in", "ese", "t", "iger", "Le", "op", "ard", "cat", "Mar", "b", "led", "cat", "J", "ung", "le", "cat", "Cl", "ou", "ded", "le", "op", "ard", "Asian", "gold", "en", "cat", "Ind", "och", "in", "ese", "le", "op", "ard", "C", "iv", "ets", "L", "ar", "ge", "Indian", "c", "iv", "et", "L", "ar", "ge", "-", "spot", "ted", "c", "iv", "et", "Sm", "all", "Indian", "c", "iv", "et", "Ow", "ston", "'", "s", "pal", "m", "c", "iv", "et", "Asian", "pal", "m", "c", "iv", "et", "B", "int", "ur", "ong", "M", "asked", "pal", "m", "c", "iv", "et", "Sm", "all", "-", "too", "the", "d", "pal", "m", "c", 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"d", "ol", "ph", "in", "Sp", "inner", "d", "ol", "ph", "in", "Sir", "en", "ia", "D", "ug", "ong", "Re", "pt", "iles", "Per", "h", "aps", "a", "third", "of", "Vietnam", "'", "s", "48", "4", "identified", "re", "pt", "ile", "species", "are", "end", "emic", ",", "and", "new", "species", "are", "regular", "ly", "discovered", ".", "These", "species", "are", "often", "found", "in", "particular", "hot", "sp", "ots", ",", "for", "example", "32", "end", "emic", "species", "are", "found", "within", "the", "An", "nam", "ite", "R", "ange", ".", "The", "I", "UC", "N", "Red", "List", "has", "list", "ings", "for", "74", "threat", "ened", "species", ",", "which", "does", "not", "include", "species", "which", "are", "too", "data", "def", "ic", "ient", "for", "ass", "ess", "ments", "to", "be", "made", ".", "Many", "species", "are", "known", "only", "from", "a", "single", "location", ",", "and", "only", "around", "a", "fifth", "of", "species", "(", "and", "23", "%", "the", "Red", "List", "species", ")", "have", "capt", "ive", "pop", "ulations", ".", "S", "uch", "pop", "ulations", "can", "be", "cr", "uc", "ial", "for", "a", "species", "to", "surv", "ive", ",", "for", "example", "the", "Viet", "names", "e", "p", "ond", "tur", "t", "le", "is", "present", "in", "capt", "ivity", "despite", "being", "r", "are", "or", "ext", "in", "ct", "in", "the", "w", "ild", ".", "Tur", "t", "les", "/", "tor", "to", "ises", "El", "ong", "ated", "tor", "to", "ise", "(", "Ind", "ot", "est", "ud", "o", "el", "ong", "ata", ")", "Viet", "names", "e", "p", "ond", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "M", "au", "re", "my", "s", "ann", "am", "ensis", ")", "Asian", "forest", "tor", "to", "ise", "(", "Man", "our", "ia", "em", "ys", ")", "Green", "sea", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "C", "hel", "onia", "my", "d", "as", ")", "Haw", "ks", "bill", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "E", "ret", "m", "oc", "he", "ly", "s", "im", "br", "ic", "ata", ")", "Le", "ather", "back", "sea", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "Der", "m", "oc", "he", "ly", "s", "cor", "i", "ace", "a", ")", "Asian", "gian", "t", "sof", "ts", "hel", "l", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "P", "el", "oc", "he", "ly", "s", "c", "ant", "or", "ii", ")", "Y", "ang", "t", "ze", "gian", "t", "sof", "ts", "hel", "l", "tur", "t", "le", "(", "R", "af", "et", "us", "s", "win", "ho", "e", "i", ")", "L", "iz", "ards", "Ag", "am", "ids", "Chinese", "water", "dr", "agon", "(", "Phy", "sign", "ath", "us", "c", "oc", "inc", "in", "us", ")", "Short", "-", "foot", "ed", "l", "iz", "ard", "(", "A", "can", "th", "os", "aur", "a", "br", "ach", "y", "p", "od", "a", ")", "Mountain", "h", "orn", "ed", "-", "dr", "agon", "(", "A", "can", "th", "os", "aur", "a", "cap", "ra", ")", "C", "rown", "ed", "sp", "in", "y", "l", "iz", "ard", "(", "A", "can", "th", "os", "aur", "a", "cor", "on", "ata", ")", "Brown", "pr", "ick", "len", "ape", "(", "A", "can", "th", "os", "aur", "a", "le", "p", "id", "og", "aster", ")", "Mur", "phy", "'", "s", "ag", "ama", "(", "A", "can", "th", "os", "aur", "a", "mur", "phy", "i", ")", 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74296425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystobasidium

Cystobasidium

Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens. Taxonomy The genus was originally described in 1898 by Swedish mycologist Gustaf Lagerheim as a subgenus of Jola and later (1924) raised to a full genus by German mycologist Walther Neuhoff. Its main distinguishing feature (microscopically) was the swollen, cyst-like probasidia from which the basidia emerge. Only one species, Cystobasidium lasioboli, was originally described, but two further species with probasidia were added by subsequent authors. In 1999, British mycologist Peter Roberts noted that Tremella fimetaria Schum. (1803) was an earlier name for Cystobasidium lasioboli and proposed the new combination Cystobasidium fimetarium. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Cystobasidium (based on the type species) is a monophyletic (natural) genus. An additional 20 or so yeast species have been added to the genus, most of which were formerly placed in Rhodotorula. References Pucciniomycotina Basidiomycota genera Taxa described in 1924 Fungal diseases

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8385502

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%20State%20Route%20283

Alabama State Route 283

State Route 283 (SR 283) is a route that serves as a connection between US 411 in the central business district of Centre and US 411 on the eastern edge of the town in Cherokee County. Route description SR 283 begins at its intersection with US 411 in the central business district of Centre. From this point, the route travels in a northeasterly direction as Cedar Bluff Road where it meets US 411 Truck and SR 68 and turns in an easterly direction. SR 283 then briefly travels to the east before turning to the southeast en route to its eastern terminus at US 411 in eastern Centre. Major intersections References External links 283 Transportation in Cherokee County, Alabama

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22295993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greer%20Honeywill

Greer Honeywill

Greer Honeywill (born 1945 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian conceptual artist. Her work covers sculptural conventions, autobiography and critical thinking. Life and education Born the daughter of Donald Desmond Spooner (1910-1989), a classical pianist who studied for a short time at the Elder Conservatorium of Music, University of Adelaide before becoming a self-taught realist painter. From 1956 Spooner exhibited regularly at the Walter Wotzke Gallery, Hahndorf, South Australia, and the Royal South Australian Society of Arts. He won the Maude Vizard-Wholohan Prize in 1955 and became a Fellow of the RSASA in 1958. Honeywill studied art at the South Australian School of Art and Western Teachers College (now University of South Australia) graduating as an art teacher in 1964. She continued her studies in drama at Adelaide Teachers College in 1967 (now University of South Australia). In 2003 she graduated from Monash University, PhD in Fine Art and was awarded the Mollie Holman Medal for academic excellence. In August 2015 Greer Honeywill was awarded her second PhD, from the University of Tasmania. Her thesis was titled The Ever Present Eye. Early work Between 1963 and 1976 Honeywill worked as stage designer in Adelaide. She designed Eureka Stockade for the University of Adelaide Theatre Guild and the 1976 production of Jumpers, both Adelaide Fringe Festival productions. In 1974 she joined the founding committee for the Come Out Festival, part of the Adelaide Festival of Arts. Between 1974 and 1981 she created and directed six large-scale, multidisciplinary works. Pageant (1977) and Perambulations Games (1979) were televised by ABC TV. Her production, The Arts Circus (1979), was critically acclaimed. The Human Chess Tournament (1975) exploring human relationships through the medium of live chess, was staged in the Amphitheatre of the Adelaide Festival Centre before becoming part of a new music concert in The Space. Composer, Malcolm Fox (1946-1997) created Cheque Mate, a musical contest between two groups of musicians dependent on the movement of the live chess pieces. The Human Chess Tournament was the first non-music event staged in the amphitheatre at the Adelaide Festival Centre. The Adelaide Festival, 1976, commissioned Super Scrabble for the amphitheatre. British actor John Stride (playing Coriolanus for The South Australian Theatre Company's Adelaide Festival production), officiated as The Adjudicator. Honeywill resigned from the South Australian Education Department in 1982. Work Greer Honeywill relocated to Melbourne, 1990. She joined a shared studio space, '308B at Sydney Road' in Brunswick, Victoria, 1991-1998 with painter David Disher, (winner of the Sulman Prize, 2007), Judy Horocek, cartoonist, artist, writer and children's book creator and Michael Pearce, artist and stage designer. The major work from this period was the collaborative The Great Australian Dream Exhibition, exhibited at Gallery 101, Melbourne in 1995. In 1998, Greer Honeywill returned to research-based studies at Monash University, Melbourne. Her PhD focused on three decades of human interaction, social patterning, child’s play and reflections from her suburban childhood. Dr Susan Sidlauskas, now Professor 19th Century, Rutgers, University of New Jersey described the exegesis accompanying the body of work as ''a…fascinating hybrid of academic research, oral history, social analysis, artistic imagination, autobiography and archiving". According to Sidlauskas, "It was quite unlike anything I had read before, but I was completely impressed by the author’/artist’s breadth of research and artistic imagination".' In 2003 Honeywill was awarded a PhD in fine art by Monash University, Melbourne. Since 2003 Honeywill's work has ranged from large-scale outdoor installations to more formal plinth based sculptural objects and wall mounted text based works. Her interest in distillation, repetition, modularity and generative processes provides, says Professor Carol Shepheard, an understanding of how history, society and culture impact the human condition. Greer Honeywill relocated to Tasmania in 2010 and in late 2011 commenced a second PhD at the University of Tasmania, awarded in August 2015. In 2016, she returned to Melbourne, where she now lives. Awards 2000 Allport Writing Award (Textile Fibre Forum magazine) 2002 Coates and Wood Foundry Prize 2002 Monash University, Doctoral Completion Scholarship 2003 Yering Station Sculpture Prize 2003 World Sculpture News Prize 2003 Mollie Holman Academic Medal, Monash University 2005 Invited installation artist, Castlemaine State Festival, Post Office Installation Series 2006 Arts Victoria, Arts Development Grant 2008 Mitchell Family Award, (Montalto Sculpture Prize) 2008 Inaugural artist in residence, Carr Design Group, Melbourne 2009 Sunshine Coast Art Prize, Commended Award Notes 1945 births Living people 20th-century Australian women artists 20th-century Australian artists 21st-century Australian women artists 21st-century Australian artists Artists from Melbourne Australian conceptual artists Women conceptual artists

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31504303

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie%20Richards

Laurie Richards

Lawrence James Richards (born 14 January 1947) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with West Perth in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL), Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Woodville in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Richards, a forward known for his high flying marks, was West Perth's leading goal-kicker with 36 goals in 1966, his first league season. He contributed largely to their 1969 premiership, with seven goals in the grand final against East Perth and 72 for the season, topping the goal-kicking for a second occasion. He was recruited to Fitzroy for the 1971 VFL season and would be used by the club both at centre half-forward and on the ball. After kicking three goals on debut, Richards went on to make a total of 14 appearances that year and over the next three seasons played 65 of a possible 66 games. Richards was runner-up in Fitzroy's 1972 "Best and Fairest" and represented the VFL at interstate football in 1973. A vice-captain, he took 125 marks for Fitzroy in 1974, with the next best player from his club managing just 76. He also kicked 24 goals for the season, averaged just under 17 disposals a game and was his club's second best performer at the Brownlow Medal count with eight votes. In 1975 he was on the move again, joining Woodville, with whom he spent three seasons before returning to Western Australia and playing two further WANFL seasons for West Perth. He finished his career back at Woodville where, aged 34, he kicked 26 goals from 18 appearances in 1981. References 1947 births Australian rules footballers from Western Australia West Perth Football Club players Fitzroy Football Club players Woodville Football Club players Western Australian State of Origin players Living people

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72329204

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20PGA%20of%20Japan%20Tour

1988 PGA of Japan Tour

The 1988 PGA of Japan Tour was the 16th season of the PGA of Japan Tour, the main professional golf tour in Japan since it was formed in 1973. Schedule The following table lists official events during the 1988 season. Money list The money list was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Japanese yen. Japan Challenge Tour The 1988 Japan Challenge Tour was the fourth season of the Japan Challenge Tour, the official development tour to the PGA of Japan Tour. Schedule The following table lists official events during the 1988 season. Notes References External links Japan Golf Tour PGA of Japan Tour PGA of Japan Tour

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72106606

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC%20Jun

Lü Jun

Lü Jun (; born 1967) is a Chinese executive and politician, currently serving as chairman and party branch secretary of the COFCO Corporation. He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and is an alternate member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Biography Lü was born in Shulu County (now Xinji), Hebei, in 1967, and graduated from China Agricultural University. Beginning in 1993, he served in several posts in the COFCO Corporation, including deputy general manager, general manager, and vice president. In May 2016, he moved up the ranks to become chairman and party branch secretary fellowing the retirement of . References 1967 births Living people People from Xinji China Agricultural University alumni People's Republic of China politicians from Hebei Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hebei Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Alternate members of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

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21670247

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaj%C4%85czkowo-Wybudowanie

Zajączkowo-Wybudowanie

Zajączkowo-Wybudowanie is a settlement, part of a village Zajączkowo in the administrative district of Gmina Tczew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Tczew and south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Villages in Tczew County

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58029403

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakr-un-Nissa%20Begum

Shakr-un-Nissa Begum

Shakr-un-Nissa Begum, also Shakr al-Nisa Begum (died 1 January 1653) was a Mughal princess, the daughter of Emperor Akbar. Early life Shakr-un-Nissa Begum was born at Fatehpur Sikri, to Akbar and Bibi Daulat Shad. She had a younger full sister named Aram Banu Begum. Shakr-un-Nissa was brought up in Akbar's care and turned out to be very well, good-natured, and innately compassionate towards all people. Jahangir had a constant love for her. Marriage In 1594, Akbar arranged her marriage with Shahrukh Mirza. He was the son of Ibrahim Mirza, the son of Sulaiman Mirza of Badakshan and Haram Begum. His mother was Muhtarima Khanum, the daughter of Shah Muhammad Sultan Jagatai (grandson of Mahmud Khan) and Khadija Sultan Khanum (daughter of Ahmad Alaq). The marriage took place on 2 September 1594 in the quarters of Empress Hamida Banu Begum. Shahrukh Mirza was also married to Shakr-un-Nissa's cousin, Kabuli Begum, the daughter of her uncle Mirza Muhammad Hakim. Shakr-un-Nissa became a widow, after Shahrukh Mirza's death in 1607. He died leaving four sons, Hasan Mirza and Husayn Mirza, who were twins, Sultan Mirza, and Badi-uz-Zaman Mirza, and three daughters. After the death of Akbar in the year 1605, she exercised her influence over her brother Jahangir and aided her stepmothers Mariam-uz-Zamani and Salima Sultan Begum to secure a pardon for the Khusrau Mirza, the eldest son of Jahangir. Death Shakr-un-Nissa Begum died on 1 January 1653. She had started from Akbarabad towards Shahjahanabad. She was buried in her father's mausoleum, located at Sikandra. References Mughal princesses Year of birth unknown 1653 deaths 17th-century Indian Muslims Indian female royalty 16th-century Indian women 16th-century Indian people 17th-century Indian women Daughters of emperors

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21993949

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%20State%20Route%20158

Maine State Route 158

State Route 158 (SR 158) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located entirely within the town of Sherman in Aroostook County. It is a short connector route running between SR 11 and U.S. Route 2 (US 2). The route is also known as Main Street and Woodbridge Corner Road. Route description SR 158 begins at an intersection with SR 11 in Sherman, just west of Interstate 95 (I-95). The highway interchanges with I-95 at exit 264 and continues east. From there, the route heads through the town as Main Street until an intersection with Golden Ridge Road within the community of Sherman Mills. From this intersection, SR 158 continues Woodbridge Corner Road to its eastern terminus at US 2. History SR 158, as designated in 1925, was a much longer route than it is today, stretching from its current eastern (then southern) terminus in Sherman all the way to Fort Kent. In the early 1930s, SR 11 was given its modern routing to Fort Kent, absorbing nearly all of SR 158 and leaving the short connector route in Sherman which exists today. Major intersections References External links Floodgap Roadgap's RoadsAroundME: Maine State Route 158 158 Transportation in Aroostook County, Maine

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20955966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoharie%20Creek%20Bridge%20collapse

Schoharie Creek Bridge collapse

The Schoharie Creek Bridge was a New York State Thruway (I-90) bridge over the Schoharie Creek near Fort Hunter and the Mohawk River in New York State. On April 5, 1987, it collapsed due to bridge scour at the foundations after a record rainfall. The collapse killed ten people. The replacement bridge was completed and fully open to traffic on May 21, 1988. The failure of the Schoharie Creek Bridge motivated improvement in bridge design and inspection procedures within New York and beyond. Bridge design and construction The final design for the bridge was approved in January 1952 by the New York State Department of Transportation (previously the New York State Department of Public Works). The design described a crossing consisting of five simply supported spans with nominal lengths of , , , , and . The bridge was supported with pier frames along with abutments at each end. The pier frames were constructed of two slightly tapered columns with tie beams. The columns were fixed in place within a lightly reinforced plinth positioned on a shallow, reinforced spread footing. The spread footing was to be protected with a dry layer of riprap. The superstructure consisted of two longitudinal main girders with transverse floor beams. The skeleton of the bridge deck ( thick) was made up of steel stringers. Construction began on February 11, 1953, by B. Perini and Sons, Inc. Service The bridge was partially opened during the summer of 1954 before construction was completed. The Schoharie Creek Bridge (NY 1020940, New York State bridge identification number), began full service beginning in October 1954. In the spring and summer of 1955, the pier plinths began to show vertical cracks ranging from , as a result of high tensile stresses in the concrete plinth. Almost a year later, on October 16, 1955, the bridge was damaged by a flood. In 1957, plinth reinforcement was added to each of the four piers. Collapse On the morning of April 5, 1987, during a high spring flood, the Schoharie Creek Bridge collapsed. A snowmelt combined with rainfall totaling produced an estimated 50-year flood on the creek. Pier three was the first to collapse, which caused the progressive collapse of spans three and four. Ninety minutes later pier two and span two collapsed. Two hours later pier one and span one shifted. A National Transportation Safety Board investigation suggested that pier two collapsed because the wreckage of pier three and the two spans may have partially blocked the river, redirecting and increasing the velocity of the flow of water to pier two. Six days later, upstream, a large section of the Mill Point Bridge collapsed. The bridge had been closed since the flood as a precaution, since inspection showed that its foundations had also been eroded. Casualties At the time of the collapse, one car and one tractor-semitrailer were on the bridge. Before the road could be blocked off, three more cars drove into the gap. During the following three weeks, nine bodies were recovered from the river. The body of the 10th victim was recovered from the Mohawk River in July 1989. Failure analysis Eyewitnesses observed that the third pier from the west abutment (pier three) failed first. Photos taken the day of the event show that the nose of pier three had fallen relative to its tail, which seemed to remain in position. The single concrete column at the nose of pier three lost support, causing that column to buckle and the two spans supported by pier three to fall into the swollen creek. A short while later, eyewitnesses watched as the second pier from the west abutment failed. An on-site news team recorded this event on video tape. The video showed a sudden and catastrophic drop at the tail-end of the second pier. This caused the span immediately west of pier two to also fall into the creek. Because of the high profile of this catastrophe and loss of life, the National Transportation Safety Board started investigations in the immediate aftermath of the failure. The New York State Thruway Authority hired a consortium made up of staff from Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers to lead the investigation on their behalf. Divers began removing steel from the river bed after the water levels receded. Construction of a cofferdam around portions of the site allowed de-watering. Investigations showed significant local erosion of the stream bed that occurred before the failure and likely additional scour due to the obstructive nature of the bridge decks that fell into the creek after the failure. The nose of pier three laid in a large asymmetrical horseshoe-shaped scour hole. The observed failure of the downstream (tail) end of pier two added confusion to the causative analysis. To study the causes of the failure, the investigating engineering team commissioned a physical model study at the hydraulics laboratory at Colorado State University. A physical hydraulic model of the regional flow field constructed at a non-distorted scale of 1:50 using clear water and sand bed allowed observation of the failure progression. The Schoharie Creek makes an approximate 120-degree bend to the left looking downstream towards the bridge site. Measurements of the flow field approaching the bridge model showed that the maximum velocity coincided with the location of pier three, the pier with significant submergence closest to the outside of the bend. The model study clearly showed that once the flat face of the pier three spread footing was exposed to the flow, it generated a large horseshoe vortex that accentuated local scour around the pier nose. Secondary flow naturally occurs when a river flows around a bend. Higher velocity flow, which has higher momentum, resists the curvature of the river bend and moves towards the outside bank. Since this flow exists near the water surface, it causes flow near the bed to move towards the inside of the bend. As a result, the flow near the bed of the river channel at the bridge opening had an angle relative to the alignment of pier 3. This led to a component of velocity near the stream bed moving from pier 3 towards pier 2. A second physical hydraulic model constructed at a scale of 1:15 with the appropriate angle of attack relative to the axis of pier 3 allowed detailed phenomenological study of the scour process. The investigations concluded that the bridge collapsed due to extensive scour under pier three. Results from the physical hydraulic model studies showed that once the flat nose of the spread footing became exposed to the flow, an intense horseshoe vortex exhumed bed material from the nose of that pier. Once the scour depth at the nose of the pier exceeded the depth of the spread footing, undermining began. Because of the angle of attack created by the secondary flow, scour preferentially affected the right-hand portion of the pier as eroded bed material swept downstream. With each successive increment of undermining, which progressed from the nose of the pier towards the tail, the upper portion of the plinth experienced increasing tension. Evidence from post-event analysis of the dewatered site suggested that undermining of the pier three spread footing was extensive, well in excess of 50 percent of its length, when the plinth suddenly failed. This allowed the nose of pier three to drop into the scour hole. The simple-span bridge design had no ability to resist the resulting lateral load on the unsupported column, leading to sudden, catastrophic and progressive collapse of both spans supported by pier 3. The original design of the bridge specified abandonment in place of steel sheet piling installed during construction to stabilize the construction site at piers 2 and 3. This would have protected those piers from scour, but was not done. The foundation of the pier was bearing on erodible soil, consisting of layers of gravel, sand and silt, inter-bedded with folded and tilted till. This allowed high velocity flood waters to penetrate the bearing stratum. The area left around the footing was not filled with riprap stone, but instead was back-filled with erodible soil and topped off with dry riprap. Riprap protection, inspection, and maintenance were determined to have been inadequate. The investigations showed that the scouring process under the piers began shortly after the bridge was built. At the time of the collapse, the upstream end of pier 3 fell into a scour hole approximately deep. Investigators estimated that about of the pier was undermined. Another factor that contributed to the failure was the weight of the riprap used in the construction. The design specification called for riprap with 50 percent of the stones heavier than , and the remainder between . Investigators found that heavier riprap weights of should have been specified. Other considerations as to the cause of the collapse included design of the superstructure, quality of materials and construction, and inspection and maintenance. Investigations found that these factors did not contribute to the collapse. Twelve hours before the Schoharie Creek Bridge collapsed due to heavy rainfall, the rush of water through the Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage Power Project upstream hit a historic high. To cope with the overload, the dam released water into the Schoharie Creek according to the rate at which it was entering the reservoir from upstream, adding to the load in the creek. See also List of bridge disasters Bridge scour References Further reading Boorstin, Robert O. (1987). "Bridge Collapses on the Thruway, Trapping Vehicles," The New York Times, April 6, 1987; Volume CXXXVI, No. 47,101. Huber, Frank. (1991). “Update: Bridge Scour.” Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 61, No. 9, pp 62–63, September 1991. Levy, Matthys and Salvadori, Mario (1992). Why Buildings Fall Down. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). (1988). “Collapse of New York Thruway (I-90) Bridge over the Schoharie Creek, near Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987.” Highway Accident Report: NTSB/HAR-88/02, Washington, D.C. Springer Netherlands. "The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: a case study in concrete fracture mechanics", International Journal of Fracture, Volume 51, Number September 1, 1991. Palmer, R., and Turkiyyah, G. (1999). “CAESAR: An Expert System for Evaluation of Scour and Stream Stability.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 426, Washington D. C. Shepherd, Robin and Frost, J. David (1995). Failures in Civil Engineering: Structural, Foundation and Geoenvironmental Case Studies. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, New York. Thornton, C. H., Tomasetti, R. L., and Joseph, L. M. (1988). “Lessons From Schoharie Creek,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 58, No.5, pp. 46–49, May 1988. Thornton-Tomasetti, P. C. (1987) “Overview Report Investigation of the New York State Thruway Schoharie Creek Bridge Collapse.” Prepared for: New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission, December 1987. Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., and Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers (1987) “Collapse of Thruway Bridge at Schoharie Creek,” Final Report, Prepared for: New York State Thruway Authority, November 1987. Johnson, Diane M. The Schoharie.BookBaby, 2017. A novel. Swenson DV, Ingraffea AR. The Collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: A Case Study in Concrete Fracture Mechanics. Int. J. Fracture, 51, 73-92, 1991. External links NTSB report synopsis Senate report Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers report synopsis Bridge disasters in the United States Bridge disasters caused by construction error Bridge disasters caused by engineering error Montgomery County, New York Disasters in New York (state) Transportation disasters in New York (state) 1987 in New York (state) 1987 disasters in the United States Bridge disasters caused by scour damage Construction accidents in the United States Building and structure collapses in 1987

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63439766

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20French%20Guy

The French Guy

The French Guy () is a 2004 Russian comedy film directed by Vera Storozheva. Plot The film tells about the relationship of the French baron Paul de Russo and the modest translator Anna from a quiet provincial town. Cast Mikhail Efremov as Karpienko Ekaterina Filippova Mariya Golubkina as Anya Thierry Monfray Dmitriy Orlov Sergei Popov as Anya's Father Irina Rakhmanova as Passenger Nina Ruslanova as Anya's Mother Garik Sukachyov Zoya Tolbuzina Natalya Smirnova References External links 2004 films 2000s Russian-language films Russian comedy films 2004 comedy films

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29851999

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20J%C5%8Dnen

Mount Jōnen

is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of . It is situated in Japan's Hida Mountains in Nagano Prefecture and in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. The shape of the mountain looks like the triangle. It can be seen from Azumi Basin. Outline This mountain is formed with Granite. Before 1959 nine kinds of butterfly on high mountains can be seen around the mountain. Colias erate and others can be seen now. The shape of the remaining snow of this mountain had decided the time when it farmed. The shape was called . History Summer 1894: Englishman Walter Weston became the first man to climb on the top. Summer 1906: Usui Kojima became the first Japanese man to climb on the top. July 27, 1919: Mountain hut of was opened. 1922: Kyūya Fukada stayed at the Jōnen Hut, and climbed this mountain. June 1931: The double accident of the climbing mountain party and the rescue team occurred. December 4, 1934: This area was specified to the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. 1993: Postage stamp of Jōnen Kasa with Matsumoto Castle was put on the market by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Japan). May 28, 2007: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen in the series programs of excellent mountain in Japan. September 10, 2010: NHK broadcasts the television program concerning Mount Jōnen and the high mountain butterfly. Mountaineering Main ascent routes There are three climbing routes to the top of the mountain. Ichino River route Hie-Daira - - Munatuki-hachō - Jōnen Hut(Jōnen-Nokkoshi) - Mount Jōnen route Mitsumata(三股) - Hon river - Mount Mae-Jōnen - Mount Jōnen Traverses Route of Jōnen Mountains (from north and south) There are several stating points to climb.(Kamikōchi, Tokusawa, Yokoo, Mitsumata, from Mount Otensuo, and others) Mountain hut Thera are several Mountain hut around Mount Jōnen. There is the Campsite on each hut. Jōnen Hut (常念小屋) - On the pass of between Mount Jōnen and Mount Yokotooshi. It is one of the oldest hut in Japan. Mount Chō Hut (蝶ヶ岳ヒュッテ) - Near the top of Mount Chō. Yokoo Mountain Cottage (横尾山荘) - In Yokoo most in the north of Kamikochi. Daiten Cottage (大天荘) - Near the top of Mount Otensyo. Geography Nearby Mountains It is on the sub ridge line of Jōnen Mountains in the southeast part of the Hida Mountains. There is a small peak of Mount Mae-Jōnen in the southeast by east. Source river Each source river joins the main stream of Shinano River, then flows to the Sea of Japan. Ichinomata Valley (Tributary of Azusa River) Jōnen River, Ichino River and Nino river (tributary of Sai (Nagano) River) Gallery See also Chūbu-Sangaku National Park Hida Mountains List of mountains in Japan 100 Famous Japanese Mountains References External links Hida Mountains Mount Jonen Mountains of Nagano Prefecture Mount Jonen

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69565748

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Nielsen

Frank Nielsen

Frank Nielsen may refer to: Frank Nielsen (Australian footballer) Frank Nielsen (Danish footballer)

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9679906

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning%20Again

Morning Again

Morning Again is an American metalcore band from Florida. They were known for their metallic sound as well as for their straight edge, vegan, anti-religious and anti-government ideals. The band was a "sister band" to Culture, often switching members after one had left the other. Several members went on to play in other bands such as As Friends Rust and Dead Blue Sky. The band was originally from Cooper City, Florida, but moved to Coral Springs in 1998 before breaking up later that year. After playing several reunion shows over the years, the band released a new EP in 2018. History John Wylie who had left Culture earlier that year wanted a band with more intense and personal views. In December 1995, Morning Again was formed with Damien Moyal and Louie Long who had both been in Culture in the two prior years, on vocals and drums. Michael Wolz came in on second guitar, and Eric Ervin on bass. The band recorded the EP The Cleanest War, which was sent to Conquer the World Records as it had released Born of You and the members were familiar with it. The label agreed to put it out, and the band made some promo tapes to help promote the upcoming release. Soon after the mini-album came out, Intention Records, who had also worked with Culture on their split with Roosevelt, asked John to release a 7-inch of new material. After landing a deal with the then-new label Good Life Recordings (as the first American band on the label) in Belgium (H8000 area), a compilation of all the released material was compiled for the European market. Tensions between Moyal and Wylie once again surfaced, as they had in Culture. During one of the last shows with Moyal, Morning Again played with Ohio band Outcast. Byers and Wylie were getting along well and he was asked to replace Moyal. Within a week Byers had moved to Cooper City and was the new vocalist. During this time Ervin was also replaced, first by Christopher "Floyd" Beckham, then by Peter Bartsocas (who was in Bird of Ill Omen, a band that had toured with MA early that year, and was on Wylie's record label). Immediately they started working on new songs, which would be released on a split with Shoulder on Moo Cow Records. Wolz and Bartsocas left almost immediately after, and after some short-lived members, Jerry Villarroel became the bassist. They released another 7-inch, as a four piece, on Immigrant Sun Records, My Statement of Life in a Dying World. Joseph Simmons would come in as second guitarist after sophomore Good Life release, Martyr, was recorded. Matt Thomas came in to replace Long and the band gained attention of Revelation Records who quickly signed them. As Tradition Dies Slowly was released on Revelation in 1998. They released their final record for Good Life, a split with 25 Ta Life, and went back to Europe to tour. The group ultimately decided on breaking up by the end of the tour in the fall of 1998, partially as a result of Wylie's growing interest in pursuing Eulogy Recordings. Their final release was To Die a Bitter Death on Immigrant Sun. In 2000, Wylie's own label released a compilation of both Immigrant Sun Records 7-inches as The Fallen... The Few That Remain. Reunions The band has since done multiple reunion shows. The first was in 1999, where they played under the name Cleanest War, which featured Damien Moyal back on vocals as well as Wylie and Ervin from the original line-up. The second was under the name Hand of Hope in 2002, where they had merchandise made specially for the show in Orlando, Florida. In 2003, a compilation of Hand of Hope and Martyr, Hand of the Martyr, was released by Eulogy Recordings. The line up for that show was Moyal on vocals, Wylie on guitar, Ervin on bass and Wes Keely on drums. On April 22, 2011, they performed at the Groezrock festival in Belgium, with Kevin Byers on vocals. For this show they also had unique merchandise made. In 2014 they played at the Belgian hardcore festival Ieperfest in the H8000 area. Moyal was on vocals during this show with Ervin on bass and Josh Williams on drums. Later that year with Kevin Byers on vocals, they played in Japan for the Bloodaxe festival as well as a few shows in Tokyo and Nagoya. In 2015 they played This is Hardcore in Philadelphia, PA In July 2018, it was announced that the group rejoined once again and were recording new material (to be issued as an extended play through Revelation). The Survival Instinct EP was released on November 9, 2018. The band has announced a week-long European tour for 2022. In 2022, the band is releasing a new EP, Borrowed Time, on Revelation Records. Members Current lineup John Wylie – guitar (1995–1998, 1999, 2002, 2005, 2010–2012, 2015—present) Eric Ervin – bass guitar (1995–1996, 1999, 2002, 2014, 2019—present) Kevin Byers – lead vocals (1996–1999, 1999–2000, 2005, 2010—present) Stephen Looker – guitar, backing vocals (1996, 1998, 2010—present) Joshua Williams – drums (2014—present) Former members and touring musicians Louie Long – drums (1995–1997) César Morales – lead vocals (1995) Damien Moyal – vocals (1995–1996, 1999, 2002, 2014) Michael Wolz – guitar (1995–1996) Christopher "Floyd" Beckham – bass guitar (1996) Peter Bartsocas – bass guitar (1996), guitar (1996, 2014) Eric McCarthy – bass guitar (1996) Joseph Simmons – bass guitar (1996), guitar (1997–1998, 1999) Chad Gilbert – bass guitar (1996) Gerardo Villaroel – bass guitar (1996–1998, 2010–2011, 2015–2018) Ryan Stafford – guitar (1997) Matthew Thomas – drums (1997–1998, 1999–2000, 2005, 2010–2011) Chris Common – bass guitar (1999–2000) Aaron Hiser – guitar (1999–2000) Nathan Stambro – guitar (1999–2000) Jason Dooley – drums (1999) Wes Keely – drums (2002) Justin Gianoutsos – drums (2012) Richard Walbert – bass guitar (2012), guitar (2014) Timeline Note that the Studio album and EP bars represent the release dates, not the recording dates; membership often changed between the two events. Discography Studio albums As Tradition Dies Slowly CD/LP (Revelation, 1998) EPs and singles Morning Again demo tape (self-released, 1996) The Cleanest War 12-inch/CD (Conquer the World/Stick to the Core, 1996) Morning Again 7-inch (Intention Records, 1996) Morning Again / Shoulder split 7-inch (Moo Cow Records, 1996) My Statement of Life in a Dying World 7-inch (Immigrant Sun Records, 1997) Martyr 12-inch/CD (Good Life, 1997) Morning Again / 25 ta Life split 7-inch/CD (Good Life, 1998) To Die a Bitter Death 7-inch (Immigrant Sun, 1998) Survival Instinct CD (Revelation, 2018) Borrowed Time (Revelation, 2022) Compilation albums Hand of Hope (Good Life, 1997) The Fallen... The Few That Remain (Eulogy, 2000) Hand of the Martyr (Alveran/Eulogy, 2002) I (Demons Run Amok Entertainment, 2015) II (Demons Run Amok Entertainment, 2015) Compilation appearances "Martyr" - Appeared on You, Who Are Innocent, What Have You Done Worthy of Death? (1997) "Stones" - Appeared on West Coast Hardcore vs. East Coast Hardcore (1998) "To Die a Bitter Death" - Appeared on Sweet Deal! (2000) "Turning Over" - Appeared on Transcend (2002) "Turning Over" - Appeared on The Anti-Pop Sampler (2003) References External links 1995 establishments in Florida American musical quintets Conquer the World Records artists Demons Run Amok Entertainment artists Eulogy Recordings artists Good Life Recordings artists Intention Records artists Metalcore musical groups from Florida Metalcore musical groups from Ohio Morning Again Musical groups disestablished in 1998 Musical groups disestablished in 2000 Musical groups established in 1995 Musical groups from Coral Springs, Florida Musical groups from Dayton, Ohio Musical groups reestablished in 1999 Musical groups reestablished in 2010 Revelation Records artists Stick to the Core artists Straight edge groups

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51753911

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaki%20Sakamoto

Masaki Sakamoto

is a Japanese football player for Kagoshima United FC. Career Masaki Sakamoto joined J2 League club Cerezo Osaka in 2015. In September 2019, Sakamoto joined Maruyasu Okazaki on loan from Kagoshima United. On 15 January 2020 the club announced, that Sakamoto had joined the club permanently. Club statistics Updated to 23 February 2018. References External links Profile at Kagoshima United FC Profile at Cerezo Osaka 1996 births Living people Association football people from Hyōgo Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J2 League players J3 League players Japan Football League players Cerezo Osaka players Cerezo Osaka U-23 players J.League U-22 Selection players Kagoshima United FC players FC Maruyasu Okazaki players Men's association football midfielders People from Akashi, Hyōgo

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13629395

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajibade%20Babalade

Ajibade Babalade

Ajibade Kunde Babalade (29 March 1972 – 4 September 2020) was a Nigerian footballer who played as a defender and was Team Chef of Shooting Stars FC. Babalade died on 4 September 2020, aged 48. Club career He played for FC Seoul of the South Korean K-League, then known as Anyang LG Cheetahs. Coaching career On 17 October 2008 he was named as manager of the Shooting Stars F.C. References External links 1972 births 2020 deaths Nigerian men's footballers Nigeria men's international footballers Nigerian football managers Nigerian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football defenders Austrian Football Bundesliga players FC Seoul players SK Sturm Graz players Shooting Stars S.C. players Africa Sports d'Abidjan players Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea Expatriate men's footballers in Austria Expatriate men's footballers in Ivory Coast Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Ivory Coast Heartland F.C. players Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea Yoruba sportspeople Shooting Stars S.C. managers

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45690067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caan%20%28Dutch%20family%29

Caan (Dutch family)

Caan (als: Caan van Neck and De la Bassecour Caan) was the name of a Dutch patrician family. History The oldest known family member Heynderick Thielemans (Caen), a baker in Delfshaven who died in 1644. Bibliography Nederland's Patriciaat 16 (1926), p. 37-45. Dutch patrician families

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23651861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGlone%2C%20West%20Virginia

McGlone, West Virginia

McGlone is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. McGlone is southeast of Union. References Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia

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44122204

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Taplin

George Taplin

George Taplin (24 August 1831 – 24 June 1879) was a Congregationalist minister who worked in Aboriginal missions in South Australia, and gained a reputation as an anthropologist, writing on Ngarrindjeri lore and customs. History Taplin was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, and educated at a private school in Andover, Hampshire, where he lived with his maternal grandmother. He was trained for the legal profession but had ambitions to serve as a missionary. He left for Australia in 1849, and arrived at Adelaide in the Anna Maria on 12 October 1849. He worked for a time as a lawyer's clerk, and made the acquaintance of Rev. T. Q. Stow, with whom he boarded while studying for the ministry. While living there he married Stow's servant girl Martha Burnell, who also felt destined for missionary work. In October 1853 they left to help at a mission school in Currency Creek then in February 1854 opened a school at Port Elliot. The school was taken over by the Education Department, but he stayed on as a teacher until 1859, when the Aborigines' Friends' Association appointed him to teach at Point McLeay Aboriginal Mission, now Raukkan, on the shores of Lake Alexandrina, in Narrinyeri (or Ngarrindjeri) country. The mission prospered and did much good work, despite opposition from local landholder John Baker. Taplin had a keen interest in Ngarrindjeri culture, learned their language, and published Biblical writings in the local dialect. He also wrote on Ngarrindjeri lore and culture, which have great anthropological value. He believed that the best chance for the people to advance was to gain acceptance in European society, and that literacy, adoption of Christian values, and learning trades were essential steps in that process. In 1868 Taplin was ordained by the Congregational Church and the following year a chapel was completed. He died at Point McLeay (now known by the Aboriginal name Raukkan) in 1879 and was buried in the village graveyard. His position as head of the Mission was taken by his son Frederick William Taplin. His wife, who had endeared herself to the community, died in 1901. Bibliography Taplin, George, The Narrinyeri J. T. Shawyer, Adelaide, 1874 Second, enlarged edition (E. S. Wigg & Son, Adelaide 1878) Woods, J. D. (editor) Native Tribes of South Australia Taplin, George (editor), The Folklore, Manners, Customs, and Languages of the South Australian Aborigines (1879) This work had just been completed when Taplin died. Family Taplin married Martha Burnell (died 1901) on 28 February 1853. They had six children. Sources References English Congregationalist missionaries 1831 births 1879 deaths Congregationalist missionaries in Australia English emigrants to colonial Australia Australian anthropologists

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24402456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Searcy

Robert Searcy

Robert J. Searcy (1921 – September 17, 2009) was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, a group of African American military personnel who served with distinction during World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group of the US Army Air Corps. After the war, Searcy lived in Los Angeles, California. He died of colorectal cancer in September 2009 at age 88. Tuskegee Airmen Searcy was born in Mount Pleasant, Texas, and attended Prairie View A&M University before enlisting in the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1942 following the United States' entry into World War II. Searcy received basic training at Ft. Hood, Texas, and was assigned to lead a group of airmen to Tuskegee, Alabama. He later recalled receiving his first taste of segregation when his men were denied access to the Pullman car's dining and sleeping quarters on the train to Tuskegee. Searcy demanded passage, and the porters, most of whom were African-American, eventually agreed to allow them to pass. Searcy recalled, "I was put in charge of those men. I felt I had to represent what the Constitution was for those men. That's what leadership is." Searcy served with the Tuskegee Airmen in Italy, France, the Balkans, the Rhineland, and elsewhere in Europe between 1942 and 1945. He received commendations for supporting combat missions over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, and was honorably discharged in 1945. Post-war years Searcy later recalled that he tried for years "to forget serving as a Tuskegee Airman" and thought of his service in the segregated U.S. military "as two years, 10 months and 27 days lost." He had enlisted hoping to become a pilot, but he was assigned to work in a support position as a clerk in military intelligence. He had hoped to become a doctor before the war, but did not complete college after the war. After the war, Searcy worked for United Airlines cleaning aircraft in the 1950s. He also worked at a U.S. Post office in downtown Los Angeles and sold women's clothing. He also opened several clothing stores in Los Angeles, California. Searcy married, but had no children. His wife died in an automobile accident in 1990. Searcy was a resident of Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, in his later years. Attendance at Barack Obama's inauguration Despite being a Republican, Searcy supported the candidacy of Barack Obama, encouraging others at his Van Nuys retirement home to vote for Obama. Obama invited all of the living Tuskegee Airmen to his inauguration, and a Mississippi ophthalmologist, Dr. Lynn McMahan, flew Searcy and three other Tuskegee Airmen to Washington, D.C., in his private jet. In agreeing to fly the men, McMahan said, "The Tuskegee Airmen are to pilots like Michael Jordan is to basketball, and Tiger Woods is to golf." In video footage from the Chicago Tribune, Searcy says of Obama's inauguration, "When I leave this earth, I leave it with a smile on my face." Death Searcy died of colorectal cancer in September 2009 at age 88 while visiting his granddaughter in Atlanta, Georgia. See also Dogfights (TV series) Executive Order 9981 Freeman Field Mutiny List of Tuskegee Airmen Military history of African Americans The Tuskegee Airmen (movie) References Bibliography 1921 births 2009 deaths Deaths from colorectal cancer Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state) Tuskegee Airmen United States Army Air Forces officers African-American aviators 21st-century African-American people

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28796682

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamsica%20floricolans

Tamsica floricolans

Tamsica floricolans is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu, Molokai and Lanai. Adults have been reared from whitish larvae among the roots of sugarcane. The larvae spin a frail cocoon in the soil. External links Diptychophorini Endemic moths of Hawaii

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10180322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasendorf

Kasendorf

Kasendorf is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. Municipal division Kasendorf is arranged in the following boroughs: References Kulmbach (district)

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3745021

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyk%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic

Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; , ) was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR that existed at two periods of time. Its administrative center was Elista. The Kalmyk ASSR was first established when the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (established 4 November 1920) had its status increased on 22 October 1935. On 27 December 1943 in conjunction with the deportation of over 93,000 Kalmyks to various locations in Central Asia and Siberia, the Kalmyk ASSR was abolished and its territory was split between adjacent Astrakhan, Rostov and Stalingrad Oblasts and Stavropol Krai. Soviet authorities renamed the former republic's towns and villages. The Kalmyk ASSR was re-established when the newly formed Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (re-established following the rehabilitation of the Kalmyks in January 1957) had its status increased on 29 July 1958. On 18 October 1990, the declaration of the sovereignty and transformation of Kalmykia into a Soviet Socialist Republic by the Kalmyk Supreme Soviet was accepted by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR on 24 May 1991. It existed until 31 March 1992, when its status was changed to a republic within the Russian Federation. A minor planet, 2287 Kalmykia, discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, is named after the Kalmyk ASSR. The Russian revolution and the formation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast Astrakhan was the first settlement within Kalmykia to fall to Soviet power on Jan 25, 1918 during the Russian Civil War. The "First Kalmyk Congress of Soviets was held" in Astrakhan from July 1st to 3rd, 1918. In 1919, control of Kalmykia reverted to the White army, after which Lenin issued a proclamation “to the Kalmyk people to fight against the White guards”. Control reverted to the Bolsheviks in 1920. The creation of Kalmykia as an autonomous oblast emerged from the First All-Kalmyk Congress of Soviets from July 2 to 9, 1920 in Chilgir. Kalmykia officially became an Autonomous Oblast on November 4th, 1920 "by a decree of the All Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars." What entailed was a resettlement of Kalmyks to the newly formed autonomous oblast with the goal of the native population being incorporated "in a single administrative unit" from 1922 to 1925. Formation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic "On May 6, 1927, the Council of People's Commissars decreed the transfer of the administrative center of Kalmykia from Astrakhan to Elista. In October 1935 the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was transformed into an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). In 1937 the Supreme Soviet of the Kalmyk ASSR adopted a constitution for the republic that reflected the victory of socialist relations. The Kalmyk people were consolidated into a socialist nation." Kalmyk language, literacy and education Resulting from the First All-Kalmyk Congress of Soviets, the Congress discussed the creation and organization of primary and secondary education within the newly-formed Autonomous Oblast (Reznik, 64). From 1924 to 1939, the Kalmyk writing system incurred various changes (Reznik, 64). School textbooks were to be initially published in Kalmyk, but were instead published in Russian in the haste to combat the high rate of illiteracy in 1923 (Reznik, 64). The Zaya Pandita alphabet was adapted to create a Russian transcription, which was then disregarded in favour of Cyrillic in 1924 (Reznik, 64-65). Despite this, according to the 1926 All-Union census, the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast had a total literacy rate of only 17.3% (Reznik, 67). Ultimately, the process of eliminating literacy was to be conducted through Russian as opposed to native Kalmyk (Reznik, 66). In the 1930s, the alphabet underwent Latinization from Cyrillic as part of the attempt to unify all alphabets within the Soviet Union (Reznik, 68). Although this correlated with the increased amount of published Kalmyk language works and a literacy rate of 70.8% among Kalmyk population aged over nine. This is to be seen as a part of larger "campaign in 1931 that became the main driving behind the growth of literacy numbers in Kalmykia," in which the driving force was the actual number, and aggressiveness of educators attempting to spread literacy, rather than the campaign itself. (Reznik, 70). In conjunction with the 1943 deportations of Kalmyks, Reznik suggests that the alterations to the Kalmyk alphabet "broke the intergenerational continuity of language transmission (70)." There were ultimately few native Kalmyk speakers to teach Kalmyk (70). See also Deportation of the Kalmyks Kalmyk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union References Autonomous republics of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic States and territories established in 1935 Former socialist republics 1935 establishments in the Soviet Union 1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union

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12834665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio%20Augusto%20Carvalho%20Monteiro

António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro

António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro (1848 – 1920), also known as Monteiro dos Milhões (Monteiro the Millionaire), was a Brazilian-Portuguese businessman, collector, bibliophile, entomologist and Freemason. His largesse created the Quinta da Regaleira. Early life and education António was born to Portuguese parents in Rio de Janeiro. His father, Francisco Monteiro, originally from Lagos da Beira, immigrated at the age of 13 to escape the priesthood his father had destined for him. He initially worked in an English coal import company. Francisco later married Teresa de Carvalho, the daughter of a wealthy merchant who had left Lisbon with the Portuguese court. In 1873, he married Perpétua Augusta Pereira de Melo, with whom he had two children. António inherited a huge family fortune, which he enlarged in Brazil by selling coffee and precious stones, which soon made it possible for him to leave for Portugal. António was fluent in Latin, Greek, French and German. In 1871, he received a degree in Law from the University of Coimbra. He also received prizes in agriculture and mineralogy. He was a member of many scientific societies, including the Royal Spanish Society of Natural History, the German Entomological Society, and the Entomological Societies of France, London and Belgium (1889 ). Interests Carvalho Monteiro was an accomplished naturalist. He had large collections of butterflies, shells, and orchids. He had the second largest lepidopteran collection in the world, only surpassed by that of Baron Walter de Rothschild. In addition, he was involved with his father in the foundation of the Lisbon Zoo and served as executive director and honorary president in 1917. Carvalho Monteiro was a well-known bibliophile, with a superb collection of the works of the 16th-century poet Camões. He also gathered more than 600 works on entomology. Carvalho Monteiro was represented in the press of his time as both an altruist and an eccentric, exemplified by his famous Leroy 01, claimed to be the most complicated clock in the world. Tomb Carvalho Monteiro had the same architect who built the Palácio da Regaleira, Luigi Manini, build his tomb in the Prazeres Cemetery. The door of the tomb, also encrusted with symbolism, was opened with the same key that opened the Palácio da Regaleira and his palace in Lisbon, on the Rua do Alecrim. As visitors enter the cemetery grove, they encounter the tomb on the left, with the orientation, size, and shape of a Masonic temple, oriented towards the east. It is covered in various symbols. The door knocker is engraved with a bee carrying a skull. The bee, which is diligent and hard-working, represents the Mason in his organized work. The gradeamento which can be seen in the back of the tomb, is festooned with the symbolic wine and bread, the spirit and the body. There are also decorative owls, symbolizing wisdom, as well as poppies, the symbol of eternal sleep. See also Quinta da Regaleira References External links António Augusto de Carvalho Monteiro : um naturalista pioneiro 1848 births 1920 deaths People from Rio de Janeiro (city) Brazilian people of Portuguese descent 19th-century Portuguese lawyers Brazilian entomologists University of Coimbra alumni Portuguese bibliophiles

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14773016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPH%20receptor%20A5

EPH receptor A5

EPH receptor A5 (ephrin type-A receptor 5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA5 gene. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. References Further reading

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29895670

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%20Lochman%20von%20Wedekind

Luther Lochman von Wedekind

Luther Lochman von Wedekind (1864 – November 24, 1935) was medical director for the United States Navy. He was Commander of the hospital ship Solace. Biography He was born in 1864 and graduated from Columbia University Medical School in 1886. He died of myocarditis on November 24, 1935. References 1864 births 1935 deaths Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni

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28318421

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Tax%20Review

Henry Tax Review

The Australia's Future Tax System Review, informally known as the Henry Tax Review was commissioned by the Rudd Government in 2008 and published in 2010. The review was intended to guide tax system reforms over the next 10 to 20 years. Remit The review was commissioned as one of the specific outcomes from the Australia 2020 Summit held in April 2008. The review was a "root and branch" review, restricted only in that it could not consider increasing the rate or broadening the base of the Goods and Services Tax, imposing tax on superannuation payments to retirees over 60 years of age, or already-announced personal income tax changes. Panel The review panel members were: Dr Ken Henry (Chair), Secretary to the Treasury Dr Jeff Harmer, Secretary, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs Professor John Piggott, Professor of Economics and Associate Dean, Research, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales Ms Heather Ridout, Chief Executive, Australian Industry Group Mr Greg Smith, Adjunct Professor, Economic and Social Policy, Australian Catholic University Recommendations The report made 138 recommendations, under nine themes. Concentrating revenue raising on four efficient tax bases: personal income, business income, private consumption, and economic rents from natural resources and land. Other taxes may be retained if they serve a specific policy purpose such as discouraging smoking or traffic congestion. Taxes fitting into none of these categories should eventually be abolished. Configuring taxes and transfers to support productivity, participation and growth. An equitable, transparent and simplified personal income tax: a much higher tax-free threshold (around AUD 25,000), only two tax brackets, and a simplification of superannuation, deductions and offsets. A fair, adequate, and work supportive transfer system. Integrating consumption tax compliance with business systems. Efficient land and resource taxation. Completing retirement income reform and securing aged care. Toward more affordable housing: substantially increase rent assistance, gradually move to a uniform land tax and remove transfer taxes (stamp duty), and gradually move to a neutral treatment of rental and owner-occupied housing. A more open, understandable and responsive tax system. Reception Rudd government Rudd endorsed and implemented only 3 of the 138 recommendations. The major item from the Henry Review implemented by the Rudd Government was the move to create a resources Super Profit Tax. The proposal was highly controversial, and has been suggested as the main reason why Rudd lost power. Following his replacement by Julia Gillard as Prime Minister, the proposed tax was replaced by a Mineral Resource Rent Tax. Most of the remaining recommendations were not implemented. Liberal/National Coalition Greens Commentators Former Liberal Leader John Hewson has been supportive. References External links Australia's Future Tax System Review official homepage. Taxation in Australia 2008 establishments in Australia Tax reform

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"ually", "move", "to", "a", "ne", "ut", "ral", "treatment", "of", "r", "ental", "and", "owner", "-", "occup", "ied", "housing", ".", "A", "more", "open", ",", "under", "stand", "able", "and", "respons", "ive", "tax", "system", ".", "Re", "ception", "R", "ud", "d", "government", "R", "ud", "d", "end", "ors", "ed", "and", "implement", "ed", "only", "3", "of", "the", "13", "8", "recomm", "end", "ations", ".", "The", "major", "it", "em", "from", "the", "Henry", "Review", "implement", "ed", "by", "the", "R", "ud", "d", "Government", "was", "the", "move", "to", "create", "a", "res", "ources", "Super", "Prof", "it", "Tax", ".", "The", "pro", "pos", "al", "was", "highly", "controvers", "ial", ",", "and", "has", "been", "sugg", "ested", "as", "the", "main", "reason", "wh", "y", "R", "ud", "d", "lost", "power", ".", "Following", "his", "replac", "ement", "by", "Jul", "ia", "G", "ill", "ard", "as", "Prime", "Minister", ",", "the", "proposed", "tax", "was", "replaced", "by", "a", "Min", "eral", 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexy%20Bitch

Sexy Bitch

"Sexy Bitch" (also known as "Sexy Chick" in clean versions) is a song by French DJ David Guetta recorded for his fourth studio album One Love (2009). The song features vocals from Senegalese-American recording artist Akon. It was released as the second single from One Love internationally. The song was serviced to mainstream and rhythmic crossover radios on 1 September 2009 in the United States, through Astralwerks, together with Capitol Records. It was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee; the latter three also produced the song. The song was made in one night after the two main artists met at a concert. The lyrics of "Sexy Bitch" deal with the protagonist's infatuation with a woman. "Sexy Bitch" garnered generally mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who commended the song's production. The song achieved commercial success worldwide, peaking inside the top five in several countries, including topping the charts in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Malta, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. "Sexy Bitch" peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Guetta's first top five hit in the United States. The song also became his best selling song in the United States, earning a triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), with sales of 3,507,000 copies as of March 2014. The music video for "Sexy Bitch" features Guetta and Akon at a house party and performing in a concert. Background "Sexy Bitch" was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee. The production was helmed by Guetta, Sindres and Vee. Guetta, in an interview for MTV News, said the collaboration with Akon came after they met during a performance of "When Love Takes Over" with Kelly Rowland. Akon approached him, asking if they could work together, and Guetta suggested that they should start immediately, so they rented a studio in London and made the song in one night. "Sexy Bitch" was released as the second single from One Love (2009), after the international success of "When Love Takes Over". It was released worldwide as a digital promotional single, which preceded the release One Love, on 24 July 2009. Astralwerks, together with Capitol Records, solicited the song to mainstream and rhythmic radios on 1 September 2009 in the United States under the name "Sexy Chick". On 7 September 2009, an extended play was serviced to digital retailers, containing an extended version of the song and two remixes by Chuckie, Lil Jon and Koen Groeneveld. That same day, a remixes extended play was released featuring remixes by disc jockeys Afrojack, Abel Ramos, and Groeneveld. On 13 September 2009, an extended play of "Sexy Bitch" was released in the United Kingdom featuring the clean edit and remixes by DJ Footloose, Chuckie, Lil Jon, Abel Ramos, and Groeneveld. Composition "Sexy Bitch" runs for 3 minutes and 14 seconds. It features a driving, 8-bit style beat. According to the digital music sheet published at Musicnotes.com by Faber Music, the song is written in a key of B minor. It is set in common time with a fast tempo of 130 beats per minute. Akon's vocals range from a low note of B3 to a high note of G5. The song has a basic accompaniment pattern consisting of open fifths instead of chords, in a pattern of B5-D5-G5-D5-E5. The lyrics deal with the protagonist's infatuation with a female, demonstrated in lines like "I'm trying to find the words to describe this girl without being disrespectful," and "nothing like the neighbourhood whore". Eric Lyndal Martin of PopMatters commented that the song's lines would serve best in "Take Back the Night" ballads than on electronica songs. Critical reception Michael Menachem of Billboard praised the song, writing "Don't be surprised if this track takes over dancefloors as the summer ends." Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave "Sexy Bitch" a three star rating, expressing some discontent towards the lyrical content but cited the hook and beats as factors that make the song "bearable". In the review of One Love for the same publication, David Balls offered a less optimistic view of the song, calling it "a throwaway affair with a sell-by-date to rival a pint of milk." David Jeffries of AllMusic noted it as one of the album's highlights, writing that "Akon and guilty pleasure lyrics ... make for a perfect match." Eric Lyndal Martin of PopMatters commented, "the final product makes you wonder just how sexy this bitch actually is," and commended the track for its driving beats, writing that they "make this song a lot of fun." Chart performance "Sexy Bitch" was released as the follow-up single to "When Love Takes Over", which was experiencing international success during the time of the single's release. It proved to surpass "When Love Takes Over" in the United States when it debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 56 on the week ending 15 August 2009, becoming Guetta's highest-peaking single on the chart at the time. The song reappeared on the Hot 100 following the single's release to mainstream and rhythmic crossover radio. Within months, the song entered the top 10 tier, where it ascended and descended until 13 February 2010, when it peaked at number five. "Sexy Bitch" exited the Billboard Hot 100 after 40 weeks, and earned a double-platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 11 February 2010 and a triple-platinum certification on 9 July 2012. It has amassed sales of 3,507,000 digital downloads in the United States by March 2014. In Canada, the song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number nine, becoming the week's "highest debut". It fell down the chart up until its fourth week, when it hit number 35. The song got its "second wind" in its fifth week, rising to number 21, and eventually reached the summit of the chart, where it stalled for two weeks. "Sexy Bitch" replicated the chart success of the previous single in international territories. In the Australasian countries, it reached the summit of the singles charts in Australia and New Zealand. However, the song was more successful in Australia, where it logged the top position for seven weeks and lasted on the chart for 38 weeks. The song earned a quintuple-platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 350,000 copies. In New Zealand, "Sexy Bitch" lasted three weeks at number one and 23 weeks on the chart. The song shipped 30,000 copies to the country, earning a double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). "Sexy Bitch" showed similar standings in the European countries, continuing Guetta's mainstream success around the world. The song topped the charts in four countries and reached the top five in nine. In the United Kingdom, it entered the singles chart at number 21 on 21 August 2009. The song rose to number one in the following week becoming Guetta's second and Akon's third UK number one, it lasted 40 weeks on the chart, amassing sales of 740,000 copies in the United Kingdom. "Sexy Bitch" showed the most longevity in Switzerland, where it logged 77 weeks on the singles chart. The song reached a peak of number two, where it stalled for three consecutive weeks in October 2009. It eventually earned a quadruple-platinum certification by International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland), denoting shipments of 80,000 copies. "Sexy Bitch" experienced a successful chart run in Sweden, entering the singles chart at number eight and after more than two months, reached a peak at number two. The song lasted 55 weeks on the chart, 25 of which were spent inside the top 10. In Austria, the song reached the summit of the singles chart, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks. Music video The video was directed by Stephen Schuster. The video starts with a plane coming and girls in bikinis are seen tanning and swimming. The camera switches to Akon who wakes up and finds pictures of his date from David Guetta's pool party. He then finds lipstick note on his mirror that reads "find me at pool party" with yet another photo. As the party starts, people enter; a group of teenage boys are not allowed but they employ various methods to get in. The camera switches to Akon again, who is shown singing underwater. The camera flicks to Guetta arriving meeting up with Akon, who then grabs Guetta and they throw each other in the pool. The party continues as Akon pushes more people in, girls dance and Akon with Guetta are shown to be having a water fight. The scene then skips to a club that is called "Fuck Me, I'm Famous" where David Guetta is performing a concert with Tocadisco, and Akon is walking in from the back, where he meets some girls. Akon then arrives and performs "Sexy Bitch" at the concert. A light up man in blue and green appears. Girls are shown dancing and Akon does a crowd surf before the video ends. At the end, Akon is seen sleeping in the bed waking up finding pictures but goes back to sleep. The video was filmed in Ibiza, Barcelona, Spain, St. Julian's, Malta and Swindon, England around 27 July 2009. An alternate version for a censored version of the song ("Sexy Chick") depicts two girls in Akon's bedroom; one is taking Polaroid photos of the other. They even take photos of themselves in Akon's bed while he sleeps. Akon's bed is covered in photos, and as the girls leave, the one most heavily photographed writes in lipstick on the bathroom mirror, "find me at pool party". She attaches another photo and leaves a lipstick impression of her lips on the mirror before she goes to the pool party. Akon then wakes up. The rest of the video is much like the other version, with a few scenes cut or added at the pool party and the club. For example, the underwater singing scene is omitted. Controversy On 24 March 2010, Buddhist groups in Sri Lanka have stated the music video was considered offensive, due to the fact that the Buddha statue is found in several shots in the background throughout. With protests held along with demanding a concert cancellation, the Sri Lankan Government prohibited Akon from entering Sri Lanka with a visa. In response, Akon said "I was not aware that the statue was even on the set of the video until now. I would never set out to offend or desecrate anyone’s religion or religious beliefs... I myself am a spiritual man, so I can understand why they are offended, but violence is never the answer and I am disheartened." Credits and personnel Songwriting — Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres, Sandy Vee Production — David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres, Sandy Vee Credits adapted from the liner notes of One Love, Virgin Records, EMI France. Track listing UK CD single "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 French CD single "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Chick" (US version) – 3:13 "Sexy Bitch" (video) European CD single "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) – 7:15 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) (David Guetta Vocal Re-Edit) – 7:30 "Sexy Bitch" (Abel Ramos Atlanta With Love Remix) – 7:13 "Sexy Bitch" (Afrojack Remix) – 4:45 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" – 3:14 US CD single "Sexy Bitch" (Chuckie & Lil Jon Remix) – 5:58 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) – 7:15 "Sexy Bitch" (Koen Groeneveld Remix) (David Guetta Vocal Re-Edit) – 7:30 "Sexy Bitch" (Abel Ramos Atlanta With Love Remix) – 7:13 "Sexy Bitch" (Afrojack Remix) – 4:45 "Sexy Bitch" (Footloose Remix) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" (album version) – 3:14 "Sexy Bitch" (extended version) – 5:12 "Sexy Bitch" (extended instrumental) – 5:12 "Sexy Chick" (clean album version) – 3:14 "Sexy Chick" (clean album version extended) – 5:12 Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Decade-end charts Certifications Release history See also List of number-one hits of 2009 (Austria) List of number-one singles of 2009 (Australia) List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2009 (Canada) List of European number-one hits of 2009 List of number-one hits of 2009 (France) List of number-one hits of 2009 (Germany) List of 2000s number-one singles (New Zealand) List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000s List of number-one dance singles of 2009 (U.S.) List of number-one dance airplay hits of 2009 (U.S.) List of Ultratop 40 number-one singles of 2009 List of Ultratop 50 number-one singles of 2009 List of number-one dance singles of 2010 (Poland) References 2009 songs 2009 singles David Guetta songs Akon songs Buddhism-related controversies Canadian Hot 100 number-one singles European Hot 100 Singles number-one singles Number-one singles in Australia Number-one singles in Austria Number-one singles in Germany Number-one singles in Israel Number-one singles in New Zealand UK Singles Chart number-one singles Ultratop 50 Singles (Wallonia) number-one singles Ultratop 50 Singles (Flanders) number-one singles Music video controversies Songs written by David Guetta Songs written by Sandy Vee Songs written by Akon Song recordings produced by Sandy Vee Song recordings produced by David Guetta Virgin Records singles EMI Records singles

[ "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "(", "also", "known", "as", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "Ch", "ick", "\"", "in", "cle", "an", "versions", ")", "is", "a", "song", "by", "French", "D", "J", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", "recorded", "for", "his", "fourth", "studio", "album", "One", "Love", "(", "2009", ").", "The", "song", "features", "vocals", "from", "S", "ene", "gal", "ese", "-", "American", "recording", "artist", "Ak", "on", ".", "It", "was", "released", "as", "the", "second", "single", "from", "One", "Love", "international", "ly", ".", "The", "song", "was", "serv", "iced", "to", "main", "stream", "and", "r", "hy", "th", "mic", "cross", "over", "rad", "ios", "on", "1", "September", "2009", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "through", "A", "str", "al", "w", "er", "ks", ",", "together", "with", "Cap", "it", "ol", "Records", ".", "It", "was", "written", "by", "G", "ior", "g", "io", "T", "u", "in", "fort", ",", "Al", "ia", "une", "Th", "iam", ",", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "Jean", "-", "Cl", "au", "de", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Sand", "y", "Ve", "e", ";", "the", "latter", "three", "also", "produced", "the", "song", ".", "The", "song", "was", "made", "in", "one", "night", "after", "the", "two", "main", "artists", "met", "at", "a", "concert", ".", "The", "ly", "rics", "of", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "deal", "with", "the", "pro", "t", "agon", "ist", "'", "s", "inf", "at", "uation", "with", "a", "woman", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "gar", "n", "ered", "generally", "mixed", "to", "positive", "reviews", "from", "music", "critics", ",", "who", "comm", "ended", "the", "song", "'", "s", "production", ".", "The", "song", "ach", "ieved", "commercial", "success", "world", "wide", ",", "pe", "aking", "inside", "the", "top", "five", "in", "several", "countries", ",", "including", "top", "ping", "the", "ch", "arts", "in", "Australia", ",", "Austria", ",", "Canada", ",", "Germany", ",", "Mal", "ta", ",", "New", "Zealand", ",", "and", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "peak", "ed", "at", "number", "five", "on", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "100", "and", "became", "Gu", "et", "ta", "'", "s", "first", "top", "five", "hit", "in", "the", "United", "States", ".", "The", "song", "also", "became", "his", "best", "s", "elling", "song", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "ear", "ning", "a", "tr", "iple", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "by", "the", "Re", "cording", "Industr", "y", "Association", "of", "America", "(", "R", "I", "AA", "),", "with", "sales", "of", "3", ",", "50", "7", ",", "000", "cop", "ies", "as", "of", "March", "2014", ".", "The", "music", "video", "for", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "features", "Gu", "et", "ta", "and", "Ak", "on", "at", "a", "house", "party", "and", "perform", "ing", "in", "a", "concert", ".", "Background", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "written", "by", "G", "ior", "g", "io", "T", "u", "in", "fort", ",", "Al", "ia", "une", "Th", "iam", ",", "David", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "Jean", "-", "Cl", "au", "de", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Sand", "y", "Ve", "e", ".", "The", "production", "was", "hel", "med", "by", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "S", "ind", "res", "and", "Ve", "e", ".", "Gu", "et", "ta", ",", "in", "an", "interview", "for", "M", "TV", "News", ",", "said", "the", "collabor", "ation", "with", "Ak", "on", "came", "after", "they", "met", "during", "a", "performance", "of", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\"", "with", "Kel", "ly", "R", "ow", "land", ".", "Ak", "on", "approach", "ed", "him", ",", "ask", "ing", "if", "they", "could", "work", "together", ",", "and", "Gu", "et", "ta", "sugg", "ested", "that", "they", "should", "start", "immediately", ",", "so", "they", "rent", "ed", "a", "studio", "in", "London", "and", "made", "the", "song", "in", "one", "night", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "released", "as", "the", "second", "single", "from", "One", "Love", "(", "2009", "),", "after", "the", "international", "success", "of", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\".", "It", "was", "released", "world", "wide", "as", "a", "digital", "promot", "ional", "single", ",", "which", "pre", "ced", "ed", "the", "release", "One", "Love", ",", "on", "24", "July", "2009", ".", "A", "str", "al", "w", "er", "ks", ",", "together", "with", "Cap", "it", "ol", "Records", ",", "sol", "ic", "ited", "the", "song", "to", "main", "stream", "and", "r", "hy", "th", "mic", "rad", "ios", "on", "1", "September", "2009", "in", "the", "United", "States", "under", "the", "name", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "Ch", "ick", "\".", "On", "7", "September", "2009", ",", "an", "extended", "play", "was", "serv", "iced", "to", "digital", "ret", "ail", "ers", ",", "contain", "ing", "an", "extended", "version", "of", "the", "song", "and", "two", "rem", "ix", "es", "by", "Ch", "uck", "ie", ",", "L", "il", "Jon", "and", "Ko", "en", "Gro", "en", "ev", "el", "d", ".", "That", "same", "day", ",", "a", "rem", "ix", "es", "extended", "play", "was", "released", "featuring", "rem", "ix", "es", "by", "disc", "j", "oc", "ke", "ys", "Af", "ro", "j", "ack", ",", "A", "bel", "Ram", "os", ",", "and", "Gro", "en", "ev", "el", "d", ".", "On", "13", "September", "2009", ",", "an", "extended", "play", "of", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "released", "in", "the", "United", "Kingdom", "featuring", "the", "cle", "an", "ed", "it", "and", "rem", "ix", "es", "by", "D", "J", "F", "oot", "lo", "ose", ",", "Ch", "uck", "ie", ",", "L", "il", "Jon", ",", "A", "bel", "Ram", "os", ",", "and", "Gro", "en", "ev", "el", "d", ".", "Com", "position", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "runs", "for", "3", "minutes", "and", "14", "second", "s", ".", "It", "features", "a", "dr", "iving", ",", "8", "-", "bit", "style", "beat", ".", "According", "to", "the", "digital", "music", "she", "et", "published", "at", "Music", "notes", ".", "com", "by", "F", "ab", "er", "Music", ",", "the", "song", "is", "written", "in", "a", "key", "of", "B", "minor", ".", "It", "is", "set", "in", "common", "time", "with", "a", "fast", "tem", "po", "of", "13", "0", "be", "ats", "per", "minute", ".", "Ak", "on", "'", "s", "vocals", "range", "from", "a", "low", "note", "of", "B", "3", "to", "a", "high", "note", "of", "G", "5", ".", "The", "song", "has", "a", "bas", "ic", "ac", "compan", "iment", "pattern", "consist", "ing", "of", "open", "fif", "ths", "instead", "of", "ch", "ord", "s", ",", "in", "a", "pattern", "of", "B", "5", "-", "D", "5", "-", "G", "5", "-", "D", "5", "-", "E", "5", ".", "The", "ly", "rics", "deal", "with", "the", "pro", "t", "agon", "ist", "'", "s", "inf", "at", "uation", "with", "a", "female", ",", "demonstr", "ated", "in", "lines", "like", "\"", "I", "'", "m", "try", "ing", "to", "find", "the", "words", "to", "descr", "ibe", "this", "girl", "without", "being", "dis", "respect", "ful", ",\"", "and", "\"", "no", "thing", "like", "the", "neigh", "bour", "hood", "wh", "ore", "\".", "E", "ric", "Lyn", "d", "al", "Martin", "of", "Pop", "Mat", "ters", "comment", "ed", "that", "the", "song", "'", "s", "lines", "would", "serve", "best", "in", "\"", "T", "ake", "Back", "the", "Night", "\"", "ball", "ad", "s", "than", "on", "elect", "ron", "ica", "songs", ".", "Crit", "ical", "rece", "ption", "Michael", "Men", "ac", "hem", "of", "Billboard", "pra", "ised", "the", "song", ",", "writing", "\"", "Don", "'", "t", "be", "sur", "pr", "ised", "if", "this", "track", "takes", "over", "dance", "fl", "o", "ors", "as", "the", "summer", "ends", ".\"", "Nick", "Le", "v", "ine", "of", "Dig", "ital", "Sp", "y", "gave", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "a", "three", "star", "r", "ating", ",", "express", "ing", "some", "dis", "content", "towards", "the", "ly", "rical", "content", "but", "c", "ited", "the", "ho", "ok", "and", "be", "ats", "as", "fact", "ors", "that", "make", "the", "song", "\"", "be", "ar", "able", "\".", "In", "the", "review", "of", "One", "Love", "for", "the", "same", "public", "ation", ",", "David", "Ball", "s", "offered", "a", "less", "op", "tim", "istic", "view", "of", "the", "song", ",", "call", "ing", "it", "\"", "a", "th", "row", "away", "aff", "air", "with", "a", "s", "ell", "-", "by", "-", "date", "to", "r", "ival", "a", "p", "int", "of", "m", "il", "k", ".\"", "David", "J", "ef", "fr", "ies", "of", "All", "Music", "noted", "it", "as", "one", "of", "the", "album", "'", "s", "high", "l", "ights", ",", "writing", "that", "\"", "Ak", "on", "and", "g", "uil", "ty", "ple", "as", "ure", "ly", "rics", "...", "make", "for", "a", "per", "fect", "match", ".\"", "E", "ric", "Lyn", "d", "al", "Martin", "of", "Pop", "Mat", "ters", "comment", "ed", ",", "\"", "the", "final", "product", "makes", "you", "won", "der", "just", "how", "sex", "y", "this", "b", "itch", "act", "ually", "is", ",\"", "and", "comm", "ended", "the", "track", "for", "its", "dr", "iving", "be", "ats", ",", "writing", "that", "they", "\"", "make", "this", "song", "a", "lot", "of", "fun", ".\"", "Ch", "art", "performance", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "was", "released", "as", "the", "follow", "-", "up", "single", "to", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\",", "which", "was", "experi", "enc", "ing", "international", "success", "during", "the", "time", "of", "the", "single", "'", "s", "release", ".", "It", "proved", "to", "sur", "pass", "\"", "When", "Love", "T", "akes", "Over", "\"", "in", "the", "United", "States", "when", "it", "debut", "ed", "on", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "100", "at", "number", "56", "on", "the", "week", "ending", "15", "August", "2009", ",", "becoming", "Gu", "et", "ta", "'", "s", "highest", "-", "pe", "aking", "single", "on", "the", "chart", "at", "the", "time", ".", "The", "song", "re", "appeared", "on", "the", "Hot", "100", "following", "the", "single", "'", "s", "release", "to", "main", "stream", "and", "r", "hy", "th", "mic", "cross", "over", "radio", ".", "With", "in", "months", ",", "the", "song", "entered", "the", "top", "10", "t", "ier", ",", "where", "it", "asc", "ended", "and", "des", "c", "ended", "until", "13", "February", "2010", ",", "when", "it", "peak", "ed", "at", "number", "five", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "ex", "ited", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "100", "after", "40", "weeks", ",", "and", "earned", "a", "double", "-", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "by", "the", "Re", "cording", "Industr", "y", "Association", "of", "America", "(", "R", "I", "AA", ")", "on", "11", "February", "2010", "and", "a", "tr", "iple", "-", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "on", "9", "July", "2012", ".", "It", "has", "am", "ass", "ed", "sales", "of", "3", ",", "50", "7", ",", "000", "digital", "down", "load", "s", "in", "the", "United", "States", "by", "March", "2014", ".", "In", "Canada", ",", "the", "song", "debut", "ed", "on", "the", "Canadian", "Hot", "100", "at", "number", "nine", ",", "becoming", "the", "week", "'", "s", "\"", "highest", "debut", "\".", "It", "fell", "down", "the", "chart", "up", "until", "its", "fourth", "week", ",", "when", "it", "hit", "number", "35", ".", "The", "song", "got", "its", "\"", "second", "wind", "\"", "in", "its", "fifth", "week", ",", "r", "ising", "to", "number", "21", ",", "and", "eventually", "reached", "the", "sum", "mit", "of", "the", "chart", ",", "where", "it", "st", "all", "ed", "for", "two", "weeks", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "re", "plic", "ated", "the", "chart", "success", "of", "the", "previous", "single", "in", "international", "territ", "ories", ".", "In", "the", "Austral", "as", "ian", "countries", ",", "it", "reached", "the", "sum", "mit", "of", "the", "singles", "ch", "arts", "in", "Australia", "and", "New", "Zealand", ".", "However", ",", "the", "song", "was", "more", "successful", "in", "Australia", ",", "where", "it", "log", "ged", "the", "top", "position", "for", "seven", "weeks", "and", "last", "ed", "on", "the", "chart", "for", "38", "weeks", ".", "The", "song", "earned", "a", "qu", "int", "up", "le", "-", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "by", "the", "Australian", "Re", "cording", "Industr", "y", "Association", "(", "AR", "IA", "),", "den", "ot", "ing", "ship", "ments", "of", "3", "50", ",", "000", "cop", "ies", ".", "In", "New", "Zealand", ",", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "last", "ed", "three", "weeks", "at", "number", "one", "and", "23", "weeks", "on", "the", "chart", ".", "The", "song", "ship", "ped", "30", ",", "000", "cop", "ies", "to", "the", "country", ",", "ear", "ning", "a", "double", "plat", "in", "um", "cert", "ification", "by", "the", "Re", "cording", "Industr", "y", "Association", "of", "New", "Zealand", "(", "R", "IA", "N", "Z", ").", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "showed", "similar", "stand", "ings", "in", "the", "European", "countries", ",", "continu", "ing", "Gu", "et", "ta", "'", "s", "main", "stream", "success", "around", "the", "world", ".", "The", "song", "top", "ped", "the", "ch", "arts", "in", "four", "countries", "and", "reached", "the", "top", "five", "in", "nine", ".", "In", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ",", "it", "entered", "the", "singles", "chart", "at", "number", "21", "on", "21", "August", "2009", ".", "The", "song", "ro", "se", "to", "number", "one", "in", "the", "following", "week", "becoming", "Gu", "et", "ta", "'", "s", "second", "and", "Ak", "on", "'", "s", "third", "UK", "number", "one", ",", "it", "last", "ed", "40", "weeks", "on", "the", "chart", ",", "am", "ass", "ing", "sales", "of", "7", "40", ",", "000", "cop", "ies", "in", "the", "United", "Kingdom", ".", "\"", "S", "ex", "y", "B", "itch", "\"", "showed", "the", "most", "l", "on", "ge", "v", "ity", "in", "Switzerland", ",", "where", "it", "log", "ged", "77", "weeks", "on", "the", "singles", "chart", ".", "The", "song", "reached", "a", "peak", "of", "number", "two", ",", "where", "it", "st", "all", "ed", "for", "three", "con", "secut", "ive", "weeks", "in", "October", "2009", 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%20pop%20music

Mexican pop music

Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico, particularly intended for teenagers and young adults. Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language. Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s, when an interest towards this type of music increased after Selena's, Luis Miguel's, Paulina Rubio's, Thalía's and Angélica María's debuts before the mainstream USA audience. In the southwestern United States, Spanish guitar rhythms and Mexican musical influences may have inspired some of the music of American musicians Ritchie Valens, Danny Flores (of The Champs), Sam the Sham, Roy Orbison and later, Herb Alpert. Initially, the public exhibited only moderate interest in them, because the media attention was focused on La Ola Inglesa (British Invasion). Mexican artis of the time were Lucha Reyes, María Luisa Landín, Fernando Fernández, and Luis Pérez Meza in the 1940s. Agustin Lara is recognized as one of the most popular songwriters of his era together with Consuelo Velázquez. In 1954 Andy Russell, relocated to Mexico where he became a star of radio, television, motion pictures, records and nightclubs. During the 1960s and 1970s, most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits. Singers and musical groups like César Costa, Angélica María, Enrique Guzmán, Alberto Vázquez, Manolo Muñoz, Johnny Laboriel, Julissa or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley, Nancy Sinatra, Paul Anka, Joan Baez and others. However, after the substantial success of Mexican-American guitarist Carlos Santana in the United States in the late 1960s, a large number of bands sprang up. Most of these bands sang in both Spanish and English, keeping foreign commercial exposure in mind. 1970s and 1980s On September 13, 1969, Televisa, a Mexican company and the world's largest Spanish-language television network launched the variety show Siempre en Domingo (Always on Sundays) hosted by Raúl Velasco. Siempre en Domingo became one of the most popular TV shows in Latin America with about 420 million television viewers around the world (according to Televisa and their partners). Siempre en Domingo was a TV show where many artists performed and debuted. At the time, an appearance was a hallmark of success and performers considered an appearance on the program as a guarantee of stardom similar to The Ed Sullivan Show in the United States. Velasco encouraged many Mexican singers such as Lucía Méndez, Lucero, Emmanuel, Mijares, Gloria Trevi, Timbiriche, and Lorenzo Antonio, and helped many of these to become full-fledged stars within the county. Moreover, Velasco presented foreign artists such as Julio Iglesias, Raphael, Miguel Bosé, Chayanne and Ricky Martin. Artists that would bring pop music to Latin America, were, in part by Siempre en Domingo, helped in that effort thanks for their appearances in the program. In 1970 Jose Jose jumped to fame when he sang "El Triste" at the Festival de la Canción Latina. He didn't win the prestigious singing contest but his performance was so memorable that fans across Latin America considered him the actual winner. The romantic balada, which gained popularity in the 1970s, continued to dominate the Latin music charts in the 1980s. Veteran balladeers who continued to be popular in this decade include Julio Iglesias, José José, Roberto Carlos, and Juan Gabriel. The Latin balada is characterized by its bolero origin by fusing music from the United States with pop, R&B, and rock. Female balada singers that became topped the Latin music charts includes Ana Gabriel, Daniela Romo, Rocío Dúrcal, Gloria Estefan, and Marisela. Notably, several baladas were Spanish-language covers of songs originally performed in Italian. Notable Spanish-language covers of Italian songs include "Maldita Primavera" by Yuri, "Toda la Vida" by Emmanuel, "Yo No Te Pido la Luna" by Daniela Romo, and "Tan Enamorados" by Ricardo Montaner. The 1980s gave rise to the teenage groups Menudo, Timbiriche, and Los Chicos, as well as emerging teenage stars such as Luis Miguel and Alejandra Ávalos. By 1988, however, the aforementioned Luis Miguel would transform into an adult superstar at age 18 with the hit La Incondicional (1989). Not too far behind was former Los Chicos' member Chayanne as he became a leading pop star by the end of the decade, with his 1987 hit Fiesta en America. As young stars begin to rise in Latin music, veterans such as Julio Iglesias, José José, Juan Gabriel, and José Luis Rodríguez El Puma continue their dominance in Latin music. Tejano Music starts to give little rise after Mazz crosses over to Mexico after their albums Una Noche Juntos and No Te Olvidare win Grammys. Aside from the baladas, several Latin pop artists and bands performed variety of Spanish-language pop and dance music targeted to the younger audience. These include Yuri, Marisela, Mecano, Miguel Bosé, Timbiriche, Menudo, and Flans. "Que Te Pasa" became the longest-running chart of the 1980s, spending 16 weeks on top of the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. Juan Gabriel and Rocío Dúrcal collaborated with Chuck Anderson to incorporate mariachi arrangements on their ballads. Child pop singers such as Luis Miguel, Pedrito Fernández, and Lucerito had a prepubescent following. During the 1980s songwriters like Guillermo Méndez Guiú, Rafael Pérez Botija or Aureo Baqueiro wrote songs for singers like Yuri, Lucía Méndez and musical groups like Timbiriche, Flans and Fandango. These groups headed the radio charts in Mexico and launched international career by promoting their music in Latin America. Other pop music icons in Mexico during the 1980s include José María Napoleón, Magneto, Dulce, Franco de Vita, Juan Luis Guerra, Isabel Pantoja, Ana Torroja and Rocío Dúrcal. Although not all of these singers are from Mexico. The most well-known Mexican singer of the 1970s and 1980s was José José. Known as "El Principe de La Cancion" (The Prince of the Song), he is recognizable for his romantic ballads and gifted vocals. José José has sold over 40 million albums in his career and became a huge influence to very popular singers like: Cristian Castro, Vicente Fernández, Alejandro Fernández, Pepe Aguilar, Manuel Mijares, Lupita D'Alessio, Reyli, and Nelson Ned. When Thalía became part of Timbiriche in the 1980s, tension with Paulina a group member became instantaneous and the rivalry to monopolize the lead role was warming the atmosphere and culminated at a point in which they ended up graving each other's hairs on stage. Thalia and Paulina have frequently garnered comparisons ever since, even after the two directed their solo career. In which the media sets them up, competing for the title of Latin pop queen. Similar to the comparison between Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears in the American market who also both started as group membership at The Mickey Mouse Club. In the 1980s, the regional music scene in both Mexico and the Mexican American community in the United States was dominated by grupera. This style of Mexican music combines cumbia, norteño, and rock music. The lyrics are rooted with romantic themes including heartbroken songs. Several notable grupera ensembles include Los Caminantes, Los Yonic's, Los Bukis, and Los Temerarios. Norteño band Los Tigres del Norte continued their success from the 1970s with their corridos involving social commentary such as "Jaula de oro" ("The Golden Cage") which tells of a Mexican man who crosses the Mexico-United States border illegally and raises a family in the United States who denies their Mexican heritage while the man longs to return to his country. Its parent album reached number one on the Regional Mexican charts in the United States. Similarly, Mexican singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian incorporated sounds of rancheras and ballads on his songs and was dubbed "El Rey del Jaripeo" ("The King of Mexican Rodeo"). Vicente Fernández and Ranchera music still remain relevant in the 1980s. His album, Por Tu Maldito Amor (1989), became the longest running number one Regional Mexican album of the decade in the United States with 21 weeks consecutive weeks at this position. American singer Linda Ronstadt, who is of Mexican descent, released Canciones de Mi Padre, a collection of songs that her father would sing. The album was certified double platinum by the RIAA for shipping over two million copies in the United States. In 1985 Sheena Easton and Luis Miguel wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Performance for "Me Gustas Tal Como Eres". Eugenia León, representing Mexico, wins the with her song "El Fandango Aquí" in 1986 Vikki Carr wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Performance for Simplemente Mujer. 1990s Latin boys band and vocal pop groups were storming up the charts in Mexico and Central America. Mexican boy band Magneto spawned hits in the early 1990s but split in 1996. In 1995, their successors continued making top hits like Bye Bye Baby and Explota Corazón. MDO. Mexican pop groups Onda Vaselina and Kabah spanned several hits in the Latin American charts and made history in the Mexican charts. Jeans, Mexican pop girl group rose to fame in late 1996 and 1997 and continued until the 2000s. Beginning in the 1990s, iconic pop act of the 1980s Timbiriche began to lose popularity mainly to the constant change of bandmembers, while Magneto stood stable in the music scene. Before the teen bubblegum pop explosion in the US during the late 1990s, many pop acts came to light during the mid-1990s in Mexico and became successful. Most of them lasted until the end of the decade. This includes boybands Mercurio, Ragazzi, Tierra Cero and Kairo, female singers Lynda Thomas, Fey, Alessandra Rosaldo, Jeans, Irán Castillo, Edith Márquez, Bibi Gaytan, Maria Jose, Patricia Manterola and boy/girl groups Pandora, Sentidos Opuestos, Onda Vaselina, Kabah, Sentidos Opuestos. Calo and the comeback of Timbiriche in 1998. Minor one-hit wonder acts were successful during this era which were also focused on a teen pop formula. The 1991 4th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards are held at the James L. Knight Center in Miami, Florida. Mexican singer Ana Gabriel and Dominican group Juan Luis Guerra & 4.40 are the most awarded artists with three wins. Luis Miguel releases Romance, a collection of boleros previously recorded by other artists. The album's success led to a resurgence of interest in the bolero genre in the 1990s. In 1992 Vikki Carr an American from El Paso, Texas, born to parents of Mexican ancestry won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for Cosas del Amor an album with the lead single being a duet with Ana Gabriel of the same name. The track earned awards such as a Lo Nuestro Awards for Best Pop Song and the Single of the Year mention by the Radio y Música journal. In 1993 Linda Ronstadt won the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album for her album Frenesí and the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Album for her album Mas Canciones. Selena became the first non-crossover act to have an album (Amor Prohibido; released March 1994) to enter the Billboard 200 since Luis Miguel's Aries (1993). The album was credited with popularizing Tejano music and catapulting the genre into an "unprecedented level of mainstream success"; eventually becoming the best-selling Tejano record of all-time. It holds the record for most weeks in the top ten of the Top Latin Albums chart—at 110 weeks—while the record holds the record for most weeks at number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart at 96 weeks. By the early to mid 1990s, the torch for Mexican music was carried by another Mexican-American singer who had grown up speaking English and learned Spanish as a second language. Texas-born Selena was a Grammy Award winning Tejano singer, who also sang many genres. After bypassing all the Tejano barriers, she quickly earned the title "Queen of Tejano Music." Selena became the first Latin artist to have four number ones in one year in 1994. The four were Donde Quiera Que Estés, Amor Prohibido, Bidi Bidi Bom Bom and No Me Queda Mas. After her success in Spanish and winning a Grammy Award, Selena went to work on her very first English album. The irony was that English was Selena's first language, as she had grown up in Texas and Spanish was actually her second language. Sadly, Selena was murdered in March 1995. Selena only recorded 4 songs for her crossover album and was scheduled to have 13 songs in English for her album. The crossover album titled Dreaming of You was released in the summer of 1995. It quickly became an International Success. Selena's songs Dreaming of You and I Could Fall In Love quickly became crossover hits on American English language Top-40 and Adult Contemporary radio stations, with the single "Dreaming of You" also certified Gold. The album became among the "Top ten best-selling debuts of all time" along with being the "Best-selling debuts for a Latín Female artist." Selena became the first Latin Artist, male or female, to have ever debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 all-genres album chart. This career achievement helped create the Latín boom in the late 1990s. In 1995 Luis Miguel won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance for his album Segundo Romance and Vikki Carr wins the Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Performance for her album Recuerdo a Javier Solís. In 1996 the third annual Billboard Latin Music Awards are also held on May. Selena becomes the most awarded artist of the award ceremony, receiving four award posthumously including Hot Latin Tracks Artist of the Year. Mexican singer Juan Gabriel is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. In the late 1990s, Ricky Martin's success in Europe with the hit María and the international launch of 1998 World Cup's theme song, The Cup of Life, and Enrique iglesias success launched a renewed interest in Latin American music. Mexican pop music started to look attractive to international markets. The most successful Mexican singer of the 1990s was Luis Miguel. Best known for his technically skilled and smooth crooning vocals, Luis Miguel's super-stardom began since the late 1980s. In 1991, his career went to even greater heights and earned him the respect of a wider audience with the release of Romance, an album of romantic boleros. Most of them were from the 1940s and 1950s. Despite singing boleros from years past, Luis Miguel was recognized for reinventing the bolero for modern audiences. The album Romance, which became his most successful album ever, eventually sold 15 million units worldwide. Luis Miguel has successfully performed pop music, bolero, mariachi and romantic ballads. He has won four Latin Grammy Awards, five Grammy Awards, and has sold an estimate of 90 million albums until today. He is known in Latin America and Spain as "El Sol de México" (The Sun of Mexico). Mexican singer José José is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame in 1997 and Mexican singer Vicente Fernández is inducted into the Billboard Latin Music of Fame in 1998. Alejandro Fernández is the biggest winner with five awards at the 10th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards. Thalía often referred to as the "Queen of Latin Pop" Televisa has exported media to many countries. This has allowed Mexican actors to take advantage of their popularity to launch music careers in countries where Televisa telenovelas are popular. Some examples of these actors are Lucía Méndez, Verónica Castro and Guillermo Capetillo. Verónica's son, Cristian Castro, started his career around this time and became popular throughout Latin America. The most successful singer to combine ranchera, mariachi and pop music was Alejandro Fernández. He originally specialized in traditional, earthy forms of Mexican folk and country music. However, his later work was focused on mainstream pop music. Singers such as Pepe Aguilar, Paulina Rubio, Gloria Trevi, and Aracely Arámbula have also produced songs that combine traditional Mexican music with popular music. The Mexican pop singers who were very successful in Mexico and the rest of North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia are Thalía, Gloria Trevi and Paulina Rubio. The idea of creating a pop band after a telenovela was first explored in 1991 with the cast of Muñecos de Papel (With Ricky Martin, Angélica Rivera, and former Timbiriche members Sasha Sokol and Erik Rubin). In 1999, the same formula was explored with the telenovela DKDA with Alessandra Rossaldo (then member of Sentidos Opuestos), Patricio Borghetti and Ernesto D'Alessio. This formula would be explored again in 2004 with the creation of the most successful group in Latinamerica RBD. 2000s and 2010s In 2000, Gloria Trevi, Andrade, and backup singer Maria Raquenel Portillo were arrested in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on charges of corrupting minors. Trevi was cleared of the charges in 2004, due to lack of evidence, after spending four years and eight months in prison. The century saw new groups Sin Bandera, RBD, Belanova, Playa Limbo, and Jotdog as well as new and solo debut singers like Dulce Maria, Anahí, Spanish singer Belinda, Maite Perroni, Julieta Venegas, Ximena Sariñana and Kika Edgar. Performance by Reyli for the song "Amor Del Bueno" Yuridia for the song "Como Yo Nadie Te Ha Amado" the Spanish version of the song "This Ain't a Love Song" also saw great success and Daniela Lujan. Also Pop Music faces competition from other genres such as Banda, Norteño or Pasito duranguense and even from Puerto Rican Reggaeton. The biggest issue is the hard pressure that piracy is giving to Mexican market. In 2000 Amarte Es un Placer by Luis Miguel won the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year. This century also saw the crossover of some of Mexican recording artist like Paulina Rubio and Thalía into the English music industry, with bilingual albums, compilation album, that included hit songs in English and Spanish language. In 2010 Mexican pop group Camila won the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "Mientes" while Mario Domm and Monica Velez won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the song. "¡Corre!" by Jesse & Joy won the Record the Year and Song of the Year at the 13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Thalia collaborated with legendary American singer of traditional pop standards Tony Bennett in a duet for the song The Way You Look Tonight. Viva Duets is the studio album by Tony Bennett, released in October 2012. Thalia's first English-language album Thalia, shares a title with Thalía's 1990 and 2002 Spanish-language albums. "I Want You" was the album's most popular song, peaking at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 in the Mainstream chart. It is her only song to date that has charted within the Billboard Hot 100. In Greece, the song peaked number twenty-six in Top 50 singles sales. The Spanish version of the song, "I Want You" was released for the Spanish-languaged audience and also perform quite well on the Latin Charts, peaking within the top ten of the Hot Latin Tracks at number nine. Vicente Fernandez, Mexico's singer of traditional pop ranchera standards, also dueted with Tony Bennett in the song Return To Me (Regresa a Mí). Foreign pop artists have had success in Mexico. In May 2013, Christina Aguilera appeared on Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández's cover of "Hoy Tengo Ganas de Ti" from his album Confidencias. On September 24, 2015, Mexican singer-songwriter Carla Morrison became the first female soloist in 22 weeks to enter the top 10 of Billboard Latin Digital Songs chart. "Hasta la Raíz" by Natalia Lafourcade wins Song of the Year and Record of the Year at the 16th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. English singer Sophie Ellis-Bextor, 2016 album was inspired by a visit to Mexico, titled Familia (family). The singer posted a video in which she appears singing one of the songs of the disc call "Death of Love" next to a group of mariachi in Puerto Vallarta, México. ¡México Por Siempre! by Mexican singer Luis Miguel wins Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. "Me Niego" by Reik featuring Ozuna and Wisin wins Song of the Year and Collaboration of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2019. "Mi Persona Favorita" by Alejandro Sanz and Camila Cabello wins Record of the Year at the 20th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Los Ángeles Azules featuring Natalia Lafourcade song "Nunca Es Suficiente" was the 10 Most-streamed songs for Latin music in the United States in 2019. 2020s During the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a new version of the song Resistire named Resistiré México was recorded featuring many well-known Mexican singers. It was a song and charity single recorded by the supergroup Artists for Mexico in 2020. It was confirmed that all revenue from "Resistiré México" when to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Many artists reunite at 'Se Agradece' May 30 a virtual music festival organized by Mexican TV network TeleHit, to celebrate those who fight against COVID-19. On April 26, 2020, Sofia Reyes would collaborate with Michael Bublé and the Barenaked Ladies to sing a cover of a song called "Gotta Be Patient" by Stay Homas featuring Judit Nedderman, for the Canadian benefit concert Stronger Together, Tous Ensemble in support of Food Banks Canada, healthcare and front-line workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in memory of the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks. Lupita Infante granddaughter of Pedro Infante, and Mariachi Sol de México de José Hernández gave tribute to Pedro Infante singing "Amorcito Corazón" at the 21st Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Silvana Estrada shared the 2022 Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist with Angela Alvarez at the 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards. See also Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Top 100 Mexico List of best-selling albums in Mexico Regional Mexican Airplay References Works cited Pop music Pop music by country Radio formats Ranchera 01

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",", "sp", "ending", "16", "weeks", "on", "top", "of", "the", "Billboard", "Hot", "Latin", "Tr", "acks", "chart", ".", "Ju", "an", "G", "abr", "iel", "and", "R", "oc", "í", "o", "D", "ú", "r", "cal", "collabor", "ated", "with", "Ch", "uck", "Anderson", "to", "incorpor", "ate", "mar", "ia", "chi", "arran", "g", "ements", "on", "their", "ball", "ad", "s", ".", "Ch", "ild", "pop", "sing", "ers", "such", "as", "Lu", "is", "M", "ig", "uel", ",", "P", "ed", "rit", "o", "F", "ern", "án", "de", "z", ",", "and", "Luc", "er", "it", "o", "had", "a", "pre", "pub", "es", "cent", "following", ".", "During", "the", "1980s", "song", "writers", "like", "Gu", "iller", "mo", "M", "é", "n", "de", "z", "Gu", "i", "ú", ",", "R", "af", "ael", "P", "é", "re", "z", "B", "ot", "ij", "a", "or", "A", "ure", "o", "Ba", "que", "iro", "wrote", "songs", "for", "sing", "ers", "like", "Y", "ur", "i", ",", "Luc", "ía", "M", "é", "n", "de", "z", "and", "musical", "groups", "like", "Tim", "bir", "ic", "he", ",", "Fl", 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9371655

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title%2044%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Code

Title 44 of the United States Code

Title 44 of the United States Code outlines the role of public printing and documents in the United States Code. Chapters The title contains 41 chapters: : Joint Committee on Printing : Government Printing Office : Production and Procurement of Printing and Binding : Congressional Printing and Binding : Congressional Record : Executive and Judiciary Printing and Binding : Particular Reports and Documents : Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations : Distribution and Sale of Public Documents : Depository Library Program : National Archives and Records Administration : Presidential Records : National Archives Trust Fund Board : National Historical Publications and Records Commission : Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress : Records Management by the Archivist of the United States and by the Administrator of General Services : Records Management by Federal Agencies : Disposal of Records : Coordination of Federal Information Policy : Advertisements by Government Agencies : Government Printing Office: Office of Inspector General : Access to Federal Electronic Information External links U.S. Code Title 44, via United States Government Printing Office U.S. Code Title 44, via Cornell University 44 Title 44

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43218220

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20V.%20Quadracci

Harry V. Quadracci

Harry V. Quadracci (January 10, 1936 – July 29, 2002) founded Quad/Graphics with his wife Elizabeth Quadracci. Work at Krueger Quadracci worked at W.A.Krueger, but eventually left when a managerial disagreement led to a strike. He was not included when the president of the company reached a settlement, and he felt the negotiating was done behind his back. He interpreted it as a signal that he would not eventually fulfill the role as president of the company. He then left to form his own company. Company beginnings Quadracci leased a 20,000 square foot building in Pewaukee, Wisconsin. By 1974 the company had 35 employees. Contract In 1977, Quadracci was able to land Newsweek, and in 2000 landed National Geographic. Philanthropy In 2001, Harry V. Quadracci and his wife Elizabeth Quadracci helped finance the addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum designed by Santiago Calatrava. The Quadraccis donated $10 million in a donation-matching challenge they spearheaded. The addition was named the Quadracci Pavilion. Death Quadracci died at 66 years old at Pine Lake in Chenequa, Wisconsin. He suffered from an unknown medical incident which resulted in him drowning. Wisconsin probate case has his date of birth listed as January not June. Memorial In his memorial Quad/Graphics donated 1 million dollars to Waukesha County Technical College and named a newer area of the school the Harry V. Quadracci Printing and Graphics Center. The $1 million gift came from Quad/Graphics clients, friends, vendors, and employees who donated to the Harry V. Quadracci Memorial Fund. The contributions totalled $500,000, and then were matched by Quad/Graphics' Windhover Foundation for a total gift of $1 million. References 1936 births 2002 deaths People from Chenequa, Wisconsin Businesspeople from Wisconsin Philanthropists from Wisconsin 20th-century American businesspeople 21st-century American businesspeople 21st-century American philanthropists Deaths by drowning in the United States Accidental deaths in Wisconsin 20th-century American philanthropists

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60105176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hithuge%20Edhun

Hithuge Edhun

Hithuge Edhun is a 2006 Maldivian romantic drama film directed by Amjad Ibrahim. Produced by Mohamed Abdulla under Dhekedheke Ves Productions, the film stars Niuma Mohamed, Mohamed Manik, Sheela Najeeb and Mohamed Shavin in pivotal roles. Cast Niuma Mohamed as Shaniya Mohamed Manik as Shahil Sheela Najeeb as Nisha Mohamed Shavin as Nahid Mohamed Vishan Aboobakuru as Idan Ahmed Aiham Ali Mariyam Siyadha as Jeeza Nadhiya Hassan as Sofi Mariyam Haleem as Wakleedha; Shaniya's mother Ali Farooq as Mohamed; Shaniya's father Hussain Nooradeen as Shahil's friend Mariyam Shahuza as Idan's teacher Zeenath Abbas (Special appearance) Soundtrack Accolades References Maldivian romantic drama films 2006 films Films directed by Amjad Ibrahim 2006 romantic drama films Dhivehi-language films

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34967458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klemens%20von%20Klemperer

Klemens von Klemperer

Klemens Wilhelm von Klemperer (November 2, 1916 – December 23, 2012) was a historian of modern Europe and professor at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. He was a prominent member of the generation of young refugees and emigrants who fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s and established themselves as historians and often leading scholars in the United States. His teaching and writings focused on 20th century Germany and Central Europe, in particular the Nazi regime and the resistance to Hitler. In 1997, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class for his contribution and services to Austrian culture. He delivered a lecture in June 1998 at Westminster Abbey to mark the unveiling of a sculpture of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the "Martyrs' Gallery". Biography Family background Klemens von Klemperer had a privileged childhood. He was born in Berlin, one of four children of Herbert and Frieda (née Kuffner) von Klemperer. His father was the president of Berliner Maschinenbau-AG (BMAG), a company that supplied locomotives as well as submarines and torpedoes to the military establishment. He was a grandson of Gustav Klemperer von Klemenau, a prominent banker who rose to become the chairman of the Dresdner Bank, and great nephew of Moriz von Kuffner, Viennese brewer and pioneering alpinist. The family had had a secular Jewish background until his grandfather converted to Protestantism. Education He finished his schooling at the Französisches Gymnasium Berlin in 1934. His father used his influence and contacts to get him a place at Balliol College, Oxford, but Klemens had other ideas. After only two weeks there, he ran away as he says in his memoir published in 2009. He made his way to Vienna, thinking his presence there would be more fruitful, given the upheaval in the country, especially as his grandmother and maternal aunts there were going through difficult times. He enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he studied history of law under Heinrich Mitteis. After the Anschluss in March 1938, he emerged as one of the prominent anti-Nazi student leaders in Vienna. Von Klemperer befriended the brothers Otto Molden and Fritz Molden, future leaders of the O5 resistance movement, joining them in the Parthenen mountain hut gathering of July 1938. However, in November 1938, mounting political disturbances and his family's Jewish background forced him to flee to the United States. In the waning months of his life in Austria, he served as executor for the manuscripts in the estate of Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian playwright, poet, and great uncle by marriage to the Kuffner branch of his Viennese family. In 1939, his parents emigrated to Britain. After arriving in New York, von Klemperer joined Harvard University as one of 14 students accepted under Franklin D. Roosevelt's support initiative for refugee scholars. However, his studies were interrupted from 1942 to 1946 when he served as an intelligence officer in Eisenhower's G2 intelligence unit of SHAEF, He spent a year in London and was also stationed in Versailles and Berlin<ref>Mitchell, Allan, Fleeing..., p. 21.</ref> Academic career After the Second World War, he returned to Harvard and obtained his PhD in 1949. His doctoral advisor was William L. Langer; Klemperer later emphasized how much he also owed to the older generation of refugee scholars. He went on to teach at Smith College. Here, he also met Elizabeth Gallaher, whom he married and who later became a professor of literature at Smith College. He became L. Clark Seelye Professor of History in 1979. He retired officially in 1987 but continued his work in academia, teaching at Smith College, Amherst College and at the University of Massachusetts. In 1973, he became a visiting fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, England, where he lectured for a year. He was also a visiting fellow at Trinity College, Oxford for two years from 1980, and at the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin in 1985-6. In addition, he became a Five College Professor in 1990. He also served on the board of the Volkswagen Foundation from 2000 to 2005, and of the Forschungsgemeinschaft 20. Juli 1944 from 2000-2012. He remained an active scholar well into his 90s, publishing a memoir in 2009. His last book, a historical interpretation of the work of German artist Käthe Kollwitz, was published in 2011, shortly before his death. Publications von Klemperer published eight books and numerous historical articles. Much of his work is about the Nazi period in German history. His most acclaimed book appeared in 1992 viz. German Resistance against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945. Although the topic was not new, he shed new light on the subject and presented an in-depth study and balanced view of what actually transpired, based on his own painstaking research. Selected worksGermany's New Conservatism (Princeton, NJ, 1957).Ignaz Seipel: Christian Statesman in a Time of Crisis (Princeton, NJ, 1972).Kurt von Schuschnigg. Neue Österreichische Biographies, Vol 22 (Vienna, 1987).A Noble Combat: The Letters of Shiela Grant Duff and Adam von Trott zu Solz, 1932-1938 (Oxford, 1988).German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945 (Oxford, 1992).More on the German Resistance, Smith Alumnae Quarterly, Summer 1993.German Incertitudes: The Stones in the Cathedral (Westport, CT, 2002).Voyage Through the 20th Century: A Historian's Recollections and Reflections (New York/Oxford, 2009).[21]The Passion of a German Artist: Käthe Kollwitz (Xlibris, 2011). Sotheby's auction Towards the end of his life, von Klemperer regained his Austrian citizenship, which had been effectively taken away from him during the Nazi years. However, he retained his US citizenship. In 2008, a significant work of art, which had been seized from his father Herbert von Klemperer in 1938, was returned to his family through a legal process of restitution. The painting, a portrait of a bagpiper by Hendrick ter Brugghen, one of the Utrecht Carravagisti, had been forcibly sold to the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Köln where it hung for the next 70 years. In 2009, the restituted painting was sold by the von Klemperer family at Sotheby's for a record price, and now hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC. Personal Klemens von Klemperer died, aged 96, on December 23, 2012 at his home in Easthampton, Massachusetts. He had been married to Elizabeth (née Gallaher), who survived him, for 59 years. They had two children, a son James and a daughter Catharine. References Further reading Andreas Daum, Hartmut Lehmann, James Sheehan (eds.), The Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide''. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016, . 1916 births 2012 deaths Harvard University alumni American historians Historians of Germany Historians of Nazism Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States Edlers of Austria Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class Smith College faculty Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni

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19294372

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blendon%20and%20Penhill%20%28ward%29

Blendon and Penhill (ward)

Blendon and Penhill is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Bexley. Representing part of the Old Bexley and Sidcup Parliamentary constituency, three Councillors Graham D’Amiral, Steven Hall and Nick O’Hare were returned at the 2014 local government election. Bexley council elections 2022 election 2018 election 2014 election 2010 election 2006 election 2002 election 1998 election 1994 election 1990 election 1986 election 1982 election 1978 election References Blendon and Penhill ward profile Old Bexley & Sidcup Conservative Party Wards of the London Borough of Bexley 1978 establishments in England

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2450699

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimp%20Juice

Pimp Juice

"Pimp Juice" is the fourth US and Canadian single by American rapper Nelly, released on March 10, 2003, from his 2002 album, Nellyville. The song peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100. It samples UGK's song Wood Wheel from their album Dirty Money. In the song, Nelly states that women only want him for his "pimp juice", which he needs to let loose. He later explains that "pimp juice" is anything used to "attract the opposite sex/It could be money, fame, or straight intellect" and that "Pimp juice is color blind/You find it work on all color creeds and kinds". The song was featured in VH1's "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs...Ever" at number 30. Controversy The song received backlash for its apparent glorification of prostitution. In 2004, students at Spelman College, the historically black women's college in Atlanta, protested Nelly's bone-marrow drive—which he had started after discovering his sister had been diagnosed with leukemia. Remix The official remix features Ronald Isley of the Isley Brothers and The Feed's David Grelle on keyboard, and the song is on Nelly's remix album, Da Derrty Versions: The Reinvention. It contains a sample of "Curtains" by The Jeff Lorber Fusion. Track listing US 12-inch vinyl A1. "Pimp Juice" (clean album version) – 4:52 A2. "Pimp Juice" (dirty album version) – 4:52 A3. "Pimp Juice" (instrumental) – 4:52 B1. "Pimp Juice" (clean album version) – 4:52 B2. "Pimp Juice" (dirty album version) – 4:52 B3. "Pimp Juice" (instrumental) – 4:52 Charts See also Pimp Juice (drink) References Songs about procurers Songs about prostitutes 2002 songs 2003 singles Music videos directed by Benny Boom Nelly songs Songs written by Nelly Universal Records singles

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73898932

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Vice

Samantha Vice

Samantha Wynne Vice (born 12 March 1973) is a South African philosopher who is distinguished professor of philosophy at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). Her areas of specialisation are ethics and social philosophy, and she is especially well known for her work on the existential and moral philosophy of race. Academic background and positions Born in South Africa, Vice completed her bachelor's and master's at Rhodes University. In 2003, she completed a PhD in philosophy at the University of Reading, which she attended on a Commonwealth Scholarship. Thereafter she joined the philosophy faculty at Rhodes, ultimately becoming the head of the philosophy department. In 2011, she was awarded the Rhodes Vice-Chancellor's Distinguished Research Award, designated for Rhodes faculty under the age of 40, for her research output. In January 2015, she was appointed as distinguished professor of philosophy at Wits, where she works both in the philosophy department and at the Wits Centre for Ethics. She was admitted to the Academy of Science of South Africa in October 2021. Philosophical work Vice's best known work is about race, particularly white privilege and white guilt. Her 2010 article "'How Do I Live in This Strange Place?'", published in the Journal of Social Philosophy while she was a senior lecturer at Rhodes, argued that shame and guilt were appropriate responses to the experience of white people in post-apartheid South Africa; she argued that white people were "even if unavoidably — a continuing product of white privilege and benefiting from it, implicated in and enacting injustice in many subtle ways". After Eusebius McKaiser published a commentary on the article in the mainstream press, her argument sparked heated public debate; the Mail & Guardian published a special report and series of responses, and the Wits Centre for Ethics hosted a seminar on the paper, with a panel comprising Vice, McKaiser, constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos, and philosophers Ward Jones and David Benatar. References External links Professor Samantha Vice at Wits University "Why my opinions on whiteness touched a nerve" in the Mail & Guardian Living people 1973 births Place of birth missing (living people) Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa South African women philosophers 21st-century South African philosophers South African ethicists Rhodes University alumni Alumni of the University of Reading Academic staff of Rhodes University Academic staff of the University of the Witwatersrand Philosophy academics Social philosophers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Makulis

Jimmy Makulis

Dimitrios Makulis (Greek: Τζίμης Μακούλης; 12 April 1935 in Athens – 28 October 2007 in Athens), known as Jimmy Makulis, was a Greek singer who had a successful career in German-speaking markets in the 1950s and 1960s, and is known for his participation on behalf of Austria in the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest. Early career Makulis became a successful singer in his native Greece before moving to Germany in the mid-1950s. In 1956 he scored a top 5 hit with "Auf Cuba sind die Mädchen braun". His biggest hit was "Gitarren klingen leise durch die Nacht", No.4 in 1959, and he continued to place charting singles until 1964. Eurovision In 1961, Makulis was chosen internally by Austrian broadcaster ORF to represent the country with the song "Sehnsucht" ("Longing") in the sixth Eurovision Song Contest, held on 18 March in Cannes, France. This proved unsuccessful, as "Sehnsucht" picked up only one point, from the United Kingdom jury, and finished along with Belgium's Bob Benny in joint last place of the 16 entries. "Sehnsucht" is one of very few Eurovision entries never to have been recorded by the performer. Later career Makulis moved to the United States in 1965, and in following years lived and performed in Las Vegas. He moved back to his native Greece in 1985, and in 1990 took part in the selection for that year's Greek Eurovision entry, finishing fifth. He returned to Germany in the early 1990s. Death Makulis died following heart surgery in an Athens hospital on 28 October 2007, aged 72. Singles discography (Shows highest position reached on German Singles Chart) 1956: "Auf Cuba sind die Mädchen braun" (#5) 1959: "Gitarren klingen leise durch die Nacht" (#4) 1960: "Nachts in Rom" (#9) 1960: "Ein Boot, eine Mondnacht und du" (#36) 1961: "Sweetheart Guitar" (#10) 1962: "Ich habe im Leben nur dich" (#17) 1962: "Keiner weiß wohin" (#43) 1962: "Weil ich weiß, daß wir uns wiederseh'n" (#37) 1963: "Lebe wohl, du Blume von Tahiti" (#43) 1964: "Little Moonlight Love" (#38) References Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Austria Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1961 Singers from Athens German-language singers 1935 births 2007 deaths 20th-century Greek male singers

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61599772

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo%20Jelen%20Award

Marcelo Jelen Award

Premio Marcelo Jalen () is an Uruguayan journalist award. It is organized by Cotidiano Mujer, Unesco, ONU Mujeres and Uruguayan Associated Press. This initiative try to award journalist works to intend avoid unique thinking, promote diversity and no discrimination. Some people awarded are Diana Cariboni, Victoria Fernández, Guillermo Draper and Raúl Santopietro. References Uruguayan awards Journalism awards

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56717160

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20sulfosuccinate%20esters

Sodium sulfosuccinate esters

Sodium sulfosuccinate esters are organic compounds with the formula NaO3SCH(CO2R')CH2CO2R where R and R' can be H or alkyl groups. They comprise a large class of surfactants and emulsifiers used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning agents. They are colorless salts. These materials can be further classified into monoesters (R' = H, R = alkyl) and diesters (R and R' = alkyl). Synthesis They are produced by treatment of maleic anhydride with alcohols. The resulting mono or diesters are then treated with sodium sulfite, which, concomitant with protonation, adds to the C=C bond. Application A high volume example is sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. This is perhaps best known as the laxative docusate, however its main use is as a surfactant for which it finds common use in personal-care and household-care products, often under the name Aerosol-OTs. It is unusual in that it is able to form microemulsions without the use of co-surfactants, and it has a rich variety of aqueous-phase behavior including multiple liquid crystalline phases. References Anionic surfactants Sulfonic acids

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3578693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraeylemaborg

Fraeylemaborg

The Fraeylemaborg () is a borg in the village of Slochteren in the Netherlands. At present the Fraeylemaborg is a historic house museum. The museum had in 2013. Building history Fraeylemaborg is the most important of the borgen in the province of Groningen. These strong houses or keeps were built in the Middle Ages to store harvests and to protect their produce from robbers. Besides churches, these structures were the only buildings that used durable stone and masonry. In due time they grew to become centres of power and wealth. The Fraeylemaborg is located in the middle of the town of Slochteren which upon its discovery in 1959 gave its name to the largest gasfield in the world. In 1475 there was already a farm with the name Frealemaheerd. In the archives of 1504 the name is found of one Remmer Fraeylema. The building originates from the 16th century. The left wing was built in the 17th century. In 1680 the borg was sold by Evert Rengers, son of the former lord of the manor, because of his family debts. It was bought by Henric Piccardt (married to Anna Elizabeth Rengers, Evert's sister), who borrowed the necessary funds from Stadtholder William III. Piccardt extensively rebuilt the borg and he also landscaped a huge formal garden in the style of Louis XIV's France. After Piccardt's death the borg fell into disrepair. In 1781 the Fraeylemaborg was sold to Hendrik de Sandra Veldman. He rebuilt it into the shape it has today. Among his innovations was the removal of two towers which had graced the front square. Garden Administration Marjon Edzes-Posthumus is the museum director and Henny van Harten-Boers is the curator of the Fraeylemaborg. In the period 2006–2014, the museum had between 26,245 and per year. The museum had in 2014. It is one of the most-visited museums in the province of Groningen. The Fraeylemaborg is a member of Museumhuis Groningen (Groningen Museum House), which is an umbrella organization for museums and heritage institutions in the province of Groningen. References Kalkwiek, K.A., A.I.J.M. Schellart, H.P.H. Jansen & P.W. Geudeke, Atlas van de Nederlandse kastelen, Alphen aan den Rijn 1980 () Helsdingen, H.W. van, Gids voor de Nederlandse kastelen en buitenplaatsen, Amsterdam 1966 Tromp, H.M.J., Kijk op kastelen Amsterdam 1979 () Battjes, Jan, & Ladrak, Hans, De toren uit het midden. Bouwhistorie en ontwerpmethodiek van de Fraeylemaborg en het Slochterbos, Groningen: Monnier 2010 () External links Historic house museums in the Netherlands Borgs in Groningen (province) Museums in Groningen (province) Rijksmonuments in Groningen (province) Midden-Groningen

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24587, 12, 28459, 13, 26344, 25848, 17, 25014, 24584, 24599, 24587 ]

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7823601

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo%20Alvarado%20Monz%C3%B3n

Bernardo Alvarado Monzón

Bernardo Alvarado Monzón (8 November 1925 – ) was a Guatemalan communist leader. He led the clandestine Guatemalan Party of Labour (PGT), and became its general secretary. Under Alvarado's leadership the party adopted the line of "Popular Revolutionary War." Alvarado was captured by state forces on 26 September 1972 in Guatemala City. He was killed soon thereafter. References 1925 births 1972 deaths Guatemalan Party of Labour politicians Guatemalan people who died in prison custody Prisoners who died in Guatemalan detention

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51884501

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20law%20enforcement%20agencies%20in%20South%20Africa

List of law enforcement agencies in South Africa

This is a list of agencies in law enforcement in South Africa, both past and present. It does not include the military police branches of the defence forces. Pre-Union (1652–1910) Cape of Good Hope Fiscal's law enforcement officers (1652–1840) – Responsible for law and order in Cape Town. Night Watch (1686-1840) — Responsible for patrolling the streets of Cape Town at night. Magistrates' law enforcement officers (1686–1848) – Responsible forenforcement in the rural districts. Each district's magistrate had his own "officers of justice". Police Office (1825–40) – Established in 1825 to co-ordinate the fiscal's law enforcement officers and the Night Watch in Cape Town. It was replaced by the Town Police in 1840. Cape Peninsula Urban Police (1840–1913) – Established in 1840 as the Town Police, and modelled on the London Metropolitan Police. – It replaced the Police Office. The force was renamed 'City Police' when it was placed under the control of the Cape Police in 1882. Together with the rural police of the neighbouring districts, it became the 'Cape Peninsula Urban Police District' in 1904. The force was taken over by the South African Police in 1913. Rural Police (1848–1913) – Replaced the magistrates' law enforcement officers. Each district had a chief constable and a small police force, under overall direction of the resident magistrate. Frontier Force of Rural Police (1850-?) Armed and Mounted Police (1853–55) Frontier Armed and Mounted Police (1855–78) Dock and Harbour Police (1860–1913) — Established in 1860 as the 'Water Police', to maintain law and order in Table Bay harbour. It was renamed 'Dock and Harbour Police' in 1882, and incorporated into Cape Police District 3 in 1901. Northern Border Police (1868–73 and 1879–84) — Responsible for law and order in the districts along the Orange River, which formed the colony's northern border at that time. Cape Government Railways Police — The Cape Government Railways employed law enforcement officials. Cape Mounted Police (1882-1913) — A para-military force established in 1882 as the 'Cape Police'. It was renamed 'Cape Mounted Police' in 1904, and transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. Detective Department (1882-1913) — Established to suppress diamond-smuggling on the Griqualand West diamond fields. Natal Borough police (1854-1936) Water Police Railways Police Natal Mounted Police (1874–94) Natal Police (1894-1913) Orange Free State Rydende Dienst Macht [Mounted Police Force] (1889-1902) South African Constabulary (1900–08) Orange Free State Police (1908–13) — A para-military force established by the colonial government in 1908 as the 'Orange River Colony Police' to replace the imperial South African Constabulary. It was renamed when the colony reverted to its former name in 1910, and was transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. South African Republic / Transvaal Rydende Politie [Mounted Police] (1881–86) Rydende Artillerie en Politie Korps [Mounted Artillery and Police Corps] (1886–96) Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek Politie South African Republic Police (1896-1902) South African Constabulary (1900–08) Transvaal Town Police (1901–08) — Established by the British occupation authorities to maintain law and order in Pretoria and Johannesburg. It was superseded by the Transvaal Police in 1908. Transvaal Police (1908–13) — A para-military force established by the colonial government in 1908, to replace the imperial South African Constabulary and the Transvaal Town Police. It was transferred to the Union Defence Forces in 1913. Griqualand West Griqualand Constabulary (1872–74) Griqualand Mounted Police (1873–74) Griqualand West Police (1874–83) Border Police. Zululand Zululand Police (1883–98). British Bechuanaland Bechuanaland Mounted Police (1884–85) Bechuanaland Border Police (1885–95). South Africa (1910-1994) South African Police (1913–94) South African Railways Police Force (1916–86). Homelands (1976-1994) Transkei Transkei Police (1976–94). Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana Police (1977–94) Venda Venda National Force (1979–85) Venda Police (1985–94). KwaZulu KwaZulu Police (1980–94). Ciskei Ciskei Police (1981–94). Gazankulu Gazankulu Police (1982–94). QwaQwa QwaQwa Police (1983–94). Lebowa Lebowa Police (1984–95). KaNgwane KaNgwane Police (1986–94). KwaNdebele KwaNdebele Police (1987–94). South Africa (1994- ) South African Police Service (1994- ) Municipal/Metropolitan Police Service (1998- ) Hawks ( Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation/SAPS) - 2009 References Lists of law enforcement agencies

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69836236

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joakim%20Berner

Joakim Berner

Joakim Berner (born 21 November 1957) is a Finnish former professional tennis player. Berner's family runs the Finnish conglomerate Berner Oy, founded by his great-grandfather. His father Erik, who served as CEO of the company, was also involved in tennis and captained the Finland Davis Cup team. Active on tour in the 1980s, Berner featured in qualifying at Wimbledon and made two doubles finals on the ATP Challenger Tour. He was a doubles quarter-finalist at the 1986 Swedish Open. Berner, a Davis Cup player in 1980 and 1981, served as the team's captain from 2005 to 2007. ATP Challenger finals Doubles: 2 (0–2) References External links 1957 births Living people Finnish male tennis players Sportspeople from Helsinki

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51034817

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvia%20gens

Helvia gens

The gens Helvia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. This gens is first mentioned at the time of the Second Punic War, but the only member of the family to hold any curule magistracy under the Republic was Gaius Helvius, praetor in BC 198. Soon afterward, the family slipped into obscurity, from which it was redeemed by the emperor Pertinax, nearly four centuries later. Praenomina The Helvii of the Republic are known to have used the praenomina Gnaeus, Gaius, and Marcus. In imperial times we also find Lucius and Publius. All of these were amongst the most common praenomina throughout all periods of Roman history. Branches and cognomina The surnames of the Helvii under the Republic included Blasio, Cinna, and Mancia, but several of the family appear without a cognomen. Under the Empire, a number of Helvii are found with the surname Rufus, but it is not apparent whether they constituted a distinct family of the Helvia gens. Members Gnaeus Helvius, a military tribune who was slain in battle against the Gauls and Carthaginians near Mediolanum in 203 BC. Gaius Helvius, praetor in BC 198, with Cato the Elder, his colleague as plebeian aedile the previous year. He accompanied the consul Sextus Aelius Paetus into Cisalpine Gaul, and received command of one of the consul's armies. Nine years later, in 189, he was legate to the consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso in Galatia. Marcus Helvius Blasio, plebeian aedile in BC 198, and praetor in 197, assigned the province of Hispania Ulterior. On his return home in 195, he was attacked by an army of 20,000 Celtiberi near the town of Illiturgi in Hispania Citerior; his guard of 6,000 defeated the Celtiberi and took the town. He was awarded an ovation, and in 194 was one of the commissioners for founding the colony of Sipontum in Apulia. Helvius Mancia, an orator of some cleverness, whose poor appearance was mocked by either Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo, with whom he was engaged in a lawsuit, or (according to Pliny), by Lucius Licinius Crassus, the orator, about 90 BC. Helvius Blasio, a friend of Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, for whom he tried to set an example by taking his own life, when Brutus was captured by his enemies. Gaius Helvius Cinna, a celebrated poet, friend of Catullus, and tribune of the plebs in 44 BC. He was lynched at Julius Caesar's funeral after being mistaken, on account of his name, for the praetor Lucius Cornelius Cinna, who had just delivered an incendiary speech in support of the dictator's assassins. Marcus Helvius Rufus, a soldier who was recognized for his bravery in battle against Tacfarinas. He might be the same person as Marcus Helvius Rufus Civica. Marcus Helvius M. f. Rufus Civica, a centurion , named in a dedicatory inscription from Varia in Latium, dating from the reign of Tiberius. Helvia, the wife of Seneca the Elder, and mother of Seneca the Younger. Marcus Helvius Geminus, raised to the patriciate by Claudius, was governor of Macedonia, and proconsular legate of Asia. Lucius Helvius Agrippa, proconsular governor of Sardinia from AD 68 to 69. Helvia Procula, the wife of Gaius Dillius Vocula, commander of the twenty-second legion. When her husband was slain during the Batavian rebellion in AD 70, Helvia dedicated a monument at Rome commemorating his military and political career. Gnaeus Helvius Sabinus, a candidate for aedile of Pompeii shortly before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Over one hundred notices for his election have been found. Helvius Successus, father of the emperor Pertinax, was a freedman, who worked as a wool merchant and charcoal-burner at Alba Pompeia. Marcus Helvius Clemens Dextrianus, equestrian governor of Raetia during the reign of Commodus. Publius Helvius Pertinax, emperor from January to March, AD 193. After an illustrious military and political career, he was proclaimed emperor following the murder of Commodus, and embarked upon a series of reforms; but in his haste he quickly made enemies, and was soon dispatched by the Praetorian Guard. See also List of Roman gentes References Bibliography Polybius, Historiae (The Histories). Fasti Triumphales. Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Oratore. Gaius Valerius Catullus Carmina. Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita (History of Rome). Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Ibis. Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings). Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger), De Consolatione ad Helviam. Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales. Plutarchus, Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Naturalis Historia (Natural History). Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bellum Civile (The Civil War). Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian), Institutio Oratoria. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Suetonius), De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars). Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith (ed.), John Murray, London (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952). Edward Courtney (ed.), [ The Fragmentary Latin Poets], Oxford University Press (1993), . Alison E. Cooley and M.G.L. Cooley, Pompeii and Herculaneum: A Sourcebook, 2nd ed., Routledge, London (2014). Roman gentes

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10267299

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Gamble%20%28netcaster%29

Kevin Gamble (netcaster)

Kevin Gamble (born 14 June 1973) is a filmmaker, animation producer, and co-creator/co-star of the internet podcast Tiki Bar TV, in which he plays the role of Johnny Johnny the bartender. On October 14, 2005, during the Macworld 2005 Keynote presentation (which introduced the new iPod with Video) Steve Jobs showcased Tiki Bar TV to the audience as an example of a "Video Podcast" (which, at that point in time, was a relatively new media format) as something that could be loaded onto the new video iPod using Apple's proprietary iTunes software for no charge. The next day, Tiki Bar TV moved to the #1 slot in the iTunes Podcast charts, and as such Tiki Bar TV was one of the first user generated programs to gain worldwide popularity via the iTunes distribution model. Additionally, the still from Tiki Bar TV (specifically, Kevin's image) appeared on the front webpage of Apple.com, and was composited inside of a Video iPod). For approximately one month, Kevin's image remained on the Apple homepage next to pictures of iPods featuring U2's Bono, ABC's Lost and a picture of an audio book of Harry Potter. Kevin's press mentions & appearances include Wired Magazine, The National Post, Tilzy, Epic-Fu and Tubefilter. Television mentions & appearances include CBC, CTV, G4 Tech TV(Canada) and CBS News and NBC News (United States). In addition to his work in the new media & podcasting space, Kevin actively works in the children's television & animation arena. He has been the Producer of several Television Series and TV Specials including "Max Steel", "The Scary Godmother Halloween Spooktakular", "George of the Jungle" and "Casper's Scare School". His DVD animated feature credits as Producer include "Kung Fu Magoo" and several of the popular "Veggietales" series (including the most recent DVD in the "Minnesota Cuke" line, which parody the Indiana Jones movie franchise). In November 2009, he was named VP of Development for Disney Television Animation. On January 27, 2008, Kevin saved a woman who had fallen on the track of a New York City Subway station by lifting her back onto the platform and performing first aid. On January 30, 2016, Kevin was seen successfully performing the Heimlich maneuver on an unknown woman in downtown Vancouver restaurant, Gyu Kaku. The woman recovered fully and the pair continued their dinner. He currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. Panels, Presentations, Conferences Vidfest Digital Expo 2006, panel; "Tiki Bar TV" Macworld 2007, panel; "Tiki Bar TV serves Podcasting Secrets" Pittsburg Podcamp 2007; guest of honor DivX presents Tiki Bar TV at Stage6, presentation; Consumer *Electronics Show 2007 Vidgest Digital Expo 2007, panel; "Convergence: Maintaining IP *Integrity Across Platforms" San Diego Comic-Con 2007, panel; "Pitching your animated series idea" San Diego Comic-Con 2007, panel; "Masters of Podcasting" NYC Podcamp 2008, presentation; "Behind the Scenes of Tiki Bar TV" References External links Official biography "Doctor! I need a triple" National Post Article Tiki Bar TV Official Site Kevin's "day job" Site DJ Site 1973 births Living people American filmmakers American podcasters Animation producers People from Vancouver

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38151564

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C5-diamino-6-%28ribosylamino%29-4%283H%29-pyrimidinone%205%27-phosphate%20reductase

2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase

2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase (, 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase, MjaRED, MJ0671 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + NAD(P)+ 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + NAD(P)H + H+ The reaction proceeds in the opposite direction. A step in riboflavin biosynthesis, NADPH and NADH functions equally well as a reductant. References External links EC 1.1.1

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27373070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramaa%3A%20The%20Saviour

Ramaa: The Saviour

Ramaa: The Saviour is a 2010 Indian fantasy action adventure film produced by Paul London, written by Reshu Nath and directed by Hadi Ali Abrar. The film stars Sahil Khan, Dalip Singh Rana and Tanushree Dutta. Plot Komal and her brother Kunal; Sameer; and siblings of Riddhi, Rohan and Sanj (Zankhi Pabari) participate in a dance competition whose winner will be given the recently released video game "The Last Battle". They win the competition and are sent to the game room to play the game. But when they start playing the game, they are sucked into it and are stranded on a vast prehistoric island. They fend for themselves against wild animals and deadly gem-seekers until a wild-type man called Ramaa gives them food and shelter in his hut in the jungle and helps them leave the island by building a small boat for them. Shortly problems arise when Kunal is kidnapped by Kali, who is on the lookout for the power to rule the world with the help of three stones controlling the mind, body, and soul. Cast Sahil Khan as Ramaa Tanushree Dutta as Samara Dalip Singh Rana as Vali Meghan Jadhav as Rohan Ananya Shukla as Komal Ishita Panchal as Ridhi Arjun Nandwani as Sameer Koustuv Ghosh as Kunal Zankhi Pabari as Sanjh Soundtrack The music was composed by Siddharth-Suhas and released by Sony Music India. References External links 2010s Hindi-language films Indian fantasy action films Indian fantasy adventure films 2010s fantasy adventure films

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33089890

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Ross%20%28photographer%29

Richard Ross (photographer)

Richard Ross is an American photographer. He is best known for his body of work Juvenile in Justice, which has documented the U.S. juvenile justice system for the last 8 years. The project has been produced with the support of the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. In 2007 Ross was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship to finish Architecture of Authority. His latest project, Girls in Justice, focuses on girls in juvenile detention and treatment in the U.S. and will be shown at the Figge Art Museum in Davenport, Iowa in January 2015. Published works Ross's first book, Museology, a photographic examination of museums and the display of art and historical objects, was published by Aperture Foundation in 1989 and features an introduction by Marcia Tucker, founder of the New Museum and former curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art, and an essay by David Mellor, art historian and curator. His second book, Gathering Light explores natural and artificial light and its intrinsic relationship to photography itself through photographs of objects and places from all over the world. The book featured an introduction by Dave Hickey, a prominent art and culture critic, and an essay by Eduardo Cadava, faculty in the Department of English at Princeton University. Published in 2004, Ross's third book, Waiting for the End of the World is compiled of photographs of bomb and other underground shelters the world over, including an underground city in Beijing, China. Michael Darling, chief curator at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, wrote about Waiting for the End of the World that "Ross's images of bomb shelters represent a crushing indictment of the current state of world affairs as well as a clarion call to action." The book features an interview with Richard Ross by Sarah Vowell, a New York Times best selling author. After Waiting for the End of the World Ross published three books compiling successful U.S. patent applications from the last century; Patently Ridiculous, Patently Erotic and Patently Christmas. The books were published by Plume. In 2007, with Aperture Foundation, Ross published Architecture of Authority. The book was included in Photo District News best books of 2007 and the accompanying exhibition was number 10 on the Artforum list of best shows of 2007. The book features an essay by John R. MacArthur, publisher of Harper's Magazine. Ross's first book covering the U.S. juvenile justice system, Juvenile in Justice, was published in 2012 with a foreword by Ira Glass and an essay by Bart Lubow. The nearly 150 images in the book were made over 5 years of visiting more than 1,000 youth confined in more than 200 juvenile institutions in 31 states. Exhibitions Solo exhibitions ACME, Los Angeles (Architecture of Authority) Aperture Gallery, New York (Architecture of Authority) National Building Museum, Washington D.C (Architecture of Authority) Orange County Museum of Art (Gathering Light) Santa Barbara Museum of Art (Gathering Light) Sonnenberg, Lucerne, Switzerland (Waiting for the End of the World) Group exhibitions Tate Modern, London; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (Exposed: Voyeurism, Surveillance and the Camera) Ansel Adams Center for Photography (Beyond Boundaries) Catharine Clark Gallery, San Francisco, California (Teen age: You Just Don't Understand) Ronald Feldman Gallery, New York (Face Off) Guggenheim Gallery at Chapman University (New, Used, Borrowed) Teaching Since 1977 Ross has taught at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He teaches photography and photojournalism. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American photographers Harper's Magazine people University of California, Santa Barbara faculty

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6103969

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arundel%20House

Arundel House

Arundel House was a London town-house located between the Strand and the River Thames, near the Church of St Clement Danes. History During the Middle Ages, it was the London residence of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, when it was known as Bath Inn, similarly to other grand London town-houses like Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn. In 1539, at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it was granted by King Henry VIII to William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton. It reverted to the Crown on Fitzwilliam's death and was re-granted in 1545 by King Henry VIII to Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, a younger brother of Jane Seymour (the king's third wife) and younger brother of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector and uncle of the infant King Edward VI. After Thomas Seymour's execution for treason in 1549, the house was sold to Henry Fitz Alan, 12th Earl of Arundel, for about £40. It was later inherited through marriage by the Howard family and housed the Arundel Marbles, the famous sculpture collection of Thomas Howard, 2nd/21st Earl of Arundel, 4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1585–1646), most of which is now at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, although a 2nd-century AD relief from Ephesus kept at the house may be seen in the 17th-century gallery at the Museum of London. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Music (1994), the first performance of Thomas Tallis's forty-part motet, Spem in alium, probably took place in the Long Gallery of Arundel House in 1568 or 1569. Around the year 1618, the court architect Inigo Jones designed an Italianate gateway for Arundel House, and probably a wing known from the view by Cornelius Bol, and the building with dormer windows seen in Hollar's engraving. During the late 1620s and early 1630s, the mathematician William Oughtred had a room at Arundel House, where he instructed the Earl's son and gave direction to other mathematicians. The house also hosted the Earl's protégé, the artist and topographer Wenceslaus Hollar. The Royal Society held its meetings there during the late 1660s. Under the ancient name of Bath Inn, it had housed Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, after his release from the Tower of London in 1621. Arundel House was eventually demolished, and it is commemorated today by Arundel Street and Surrey Street. Present-day site The Strand Lane Baths are situated within the former grounds. They are now in the ownership of the National Trust. During the late 19th century, a new building named Arundel House was constructed in the Tudor Revival style. It is located at the foot of Arundel Street, on the corner of Temple Place. It is currently a conference centre and serves as the headquarters of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. References Walford, Edward. Old London: Strand to Soho. London: The Alderman Press, 1987. Orig. publ. 1878. Ben Weinreb, and Christopher Hibbert, eds. The London Encyclopædia. 2nd edition (1st ed. 1983). London: Macmillan, 1992. External links Arundel House article from The Map of Early Modern London project at The University of Victoria Hollar's etchings of Arundel House from the North and South, plus the 1647 view of the City from the top of Arundel House Account of Arundel House, with plan of Arundel and Essex Houses Episcopal palaces in London Former houses in the City of Westminster Strand, London

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40310437

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blennidus%20peruvianus

Blennidus peruvianus

Blennidus peruvianus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean in 1828. References Blennidus Beetles described in 1828

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2015218

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimSafari

SimSafari

SimSafari is a construction and management simulation game released by Maxis on March 19, 1998. It is similar to SimPark, except that the park is set in Africa rather than in North America, and therefore has African animals and plants. Gameplay The game is divided into three different zones, the nature park, the tourist grounds, and the African village. The ultimate aim is for the players' park to reach five stars, although like most Sims games the player can continue playing indefinitely. To gain five stars, the player needs to make sure each zone is being run properly. The player can control tourism and staff. The park is where the player can buy animals and made sure they were not being over-eaten or underfed. The player can control the species of animals, grasses, shrubs, and trees that were built here. The game has information on every species in it, with short animations for the animals. Natural disasters can occur, like fires, droughts, locusts, and twisters. The Camp, also known as the Tourist Ground, is where tourists stay. The player can build restaurants, hotels, swimming pools, cottages, tents, etc. for guests. The buildings are staffed by workers hired from the village. In the village the player can hire drivers, naturalists, guides, cooks, and attendants to staff your tourist grounds. The more staff are hired, the better the village does. The village poaches your park's animals if the player does not hire enough staff. If things go very badly, the village might even stop working for you altogether. The player has the least control over the village because it is up to the AI to decide what to build. There are several scenarios, including one where the park is overrun by rabbits and another where the camp is burned down. References External links 1998 video games Classic Mac OS games Maxis Sim games Video games developed in the United States Video games scored by Jerry Martin Video games set in Africa Video games with isometric graphics Windows games

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67098734

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Egerton%2C%20Countess%20of%20Bridgewater

Charlotte Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater

Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater (20 November 1763 – 11 February 1849), née Charlotte Haynes, was a British noblewoman. She was known for her philanthropic and charitable acts, and supported numerous educational and religious causes. She was responsible for the laying out of the ornamental gardens around her family home at Ashridge in Hertfordshire. Charlotte married John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater of the Egerton family in 1783 and from 1803 assumed the title Countess of Bridgewater through her marriage. After the death of her husband, she lived for a further 26 years as a dowager. Early life Charlotte Catherine Anne Haynes was born on 20 November 1763. She was the daughter of Samuel Haynes (1789-1802) and Elizabeth. Her father was the son of Rev Hopton Haynes and Margaret Haynes, rector of Elmsett, Suffolk. Marriage to the Earl of Bridgewater Charlotte Haynes married General John Egerton on 14 January 1783 at 58 Welbeck Street in London. Egerton was the eldest son of the Right Reverend John Egerton, Bishop of Durham and Lady Anne Sophia Grey and a prominent member of the Egerton family. As well as being a serving army officer, Egerton was serving as MP for Brackley in Northamptonshire. On 8 March 1803, John Egerton's first cousin once removed, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater and 6th Earl of Bridgewater, died unmarried and without issue. The ducal title became extinct, but the Earldom of Bridgewater passed to John Egerton, who became the 7th Earl. Correspondingly, Charlotte assumed the title of Countess of Bridgewater. The late duke, known as the "Canal Duke", had amassed a fortune with his canal building in the North of England, and John and Charlotte Egerton were beneficiaries of that fortune. Ashridge Lord and Lady Bridgewater went to live at the Egerton family seat, Ashridge in Hertfordshire. The estate had been in the family since 1604. Prior to his death, the 3rd Duke, Lord Egerton's predecessor, had begun to demolish the medieval Ashridge Priory in order to build a new country house. The 7th Earl of Bridgewater commissioned the architect James Wyatt to build a new Ashridge House. Charlotte laid the foundation stone for the new house on 25 October 1808, the 48th anniversary of the accession of George III of Great Britain. The ceremony is commemorated by a brass plaque by the main entrance. In 1813, part-way through the construction works, Wyatt died, and the project was completed the following year by his nephew Jeffry Wyatt (later known as Sir Jeffry Wyatville). Ashridge House is highly regarded today as one of the finest examples of early Gothic Revival architecture and is now a Grade I listed building. The Countess took a particular interest in the horticultural aspects of the new estate and took a leading role in the laying out of the gardens at Ashridge. She commissioned the noted landscape gardener Humphrey Repton, and they formed a friendship on his many visits to the estate. Repton presented many ideas in his Red Book for the estate in 1813, including a rosarie (or rosarium) and a "Monks' Garden" commemorating Ashridge's monastic heritage with a layout of grave-shaped flower beds. Charlotte approved many of his designs, but also had her own ideas for the estate and made alterations to his proposals. Writing in 1824, the chaplain to the Earl of Bridgewater, Rev Henry Todd, noted that "the profusion of flowers which abound here, as the walks and conservatories together with the elegance of their arrangement, sufficiently indicates the care and attention bestowed by the Countess of Bridgewater upon her delightful pursuits of the garden." The rosarie and the Monks' Garden are still visible at Ashridge today. In addition to Ashridge, Lady Bridgewater and her husband also owned a London property at 7 Grosvenor Square, which they renovated with the assistance of Wyatville. In 1826, the widowed Charlotte sold the house and purchased a smaller property in the same square, at No. 20. Death of the 7th Earl The 7th Earl of Bridgewater died in October 1823, aged 70. He had no children, and left part of his estate to Charlotte. The dowager countess was aged 60 at the time of her husband's death, and outlived him by 26 years. She continued to live at the family seat at Ashridge. On the death in 1829 of her brother-in-law, Francis Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater, she inherited £5719.18s.6d. in dividends from shares in the family's shares in the Bridgewater Canal. The 8th Earl's will also made provision for a monument to be erected to his predecessor, the "Canal Duke". Charlotte objected to the erection of an obelisk, which she considered to be poor taste. Sir Jeffry Wyattville, the architect who completed Ashridge House, was again appointed, and in response to the countess's objections, he designed the monumnent as a Neoclassical Doric column. At Charlotte's behest, the Bridgewater Monument was sited some distance from Ashridge House so as not to be seen. A brass plaque inside the monument records that it was erected "with the approbation of Charlotte C. Anne, Countess of Bridgewater". With the death of the 8th Earl, the Bridgwater title became extinct. Charitable work The Countess was known for her benevolence, and in her widowhood acted as benefactor to a number of charitable causes. Many of her donations were to fund local schools in towns on Bridgewater Estate lands across the country. On 22 March 1844 she founded The Countess of Bridgewater's Endowment of Winston School in support of the parochial school in Winston, County Durham. The Countess also donated £3,300 towards the restoration of St Mary's Church, Ellesmere in Shropshire and also funded the construction of the National school in Ellesmere as well as the Old Town Hall there. Closer to Ashridge, in Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire, she endowed a National school there in 1865. Charlotte exhibited concern for the poor; agricultural workers on the Bridgewater lands had been made destitute during the winter months were unable to feed themselves and their families, and sometime around 1841 the Countess established a soup kitchen within the ruins of Berkhamsted Castle. Contemporary accounts in the Bucks Herald describe the distribution of soup and bread to hundreds of poor people from a house in the castle grounds, thought to be the 19th-century keeper's lodge which still stands today. The Countess was a dedicated benefactor to the Church of England. In 1835 she gave £2,000 to pay for the construction of a church at Tilstock in Whitchurch, Shropshire, and the following year she donated £8,000 to build a church in Dodington, also in Whitchurch. In 1842, she purchased a mansion in Berkhamsted, Egerton House, and donated part of the land to the nearby Parish Church of St Peter for use as a detached cemetery. A foundation stone in Rectory Lane Cemetery commemorates the donation of the Countess and the consecration of the burial ground by John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, on 11 October 1842. In 1844, the Countess funded the construction of a chapel of ease in the village of Caldwell, North Yorkshire, on Bridgewater Estate lands. A commemorative board inside the chapel of St. Hilda records the Countess of Bridgewater's donation in 1844 of £1526.14s 4d. The chapel closed to public worship in 2016. Death and legacy Charlotte died suddenly on 11 February 1849 whilst sitting in her chair at Ashridge, aged 86. Her published obituary in The Gentleman's Magazine stated that "She was a very pious and benevolent person, and many recipients of her charity will have to bewail her loss." She was buried on 22 February 1849 in the Egerton Family vault in the Church of St Peter and St Paul in Little Gaddesden, on the Ashridge Estate. A marble wall monument designed by Richard Westmacott commemorates the 7th Earl and a dedication to the Countess: In accordance with the will of her late husband, the Countess left the bulk of the Bridgewater estate to John Egerton, Viscount Alford, the eldest son of John Cust, 1st Earl Brownlow. Lord Alford also inherited the right to bear the Egerton family arms. Among other beneficiaries, Charlotte bequeathed £2000 to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Few portraits survive of Charlotte. A pencil and chalk portrait of the Countess standing in a landscape with her dog was drawn by Henry Edridge in around 1805 and is now in the National Trust's collection at Tatton Hall, Cheshire. A stipple engraving was made of the portrait by James Posselwhite, now in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London, and a copy hangs in Belton House, Lincolnshire. Also in the Tatton Collection is a portrait miniature of Charlotte painted by Richard Cosway in watercolour on ivory. References Citations Sources cites: 1763 births 1849 deaths British countesses Charlotte 19th-century English nobility 19th-century English women English women philanthropists

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39692682

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Gibbons

Ken Gibbons

Kenneth Harry Gibbons (born 24 December 1931) was Archdeacon of Lancaster from 1981 to 1997. He was educated at Chesterfield Grammar School, the University of Manchester and Ripon College Cuddesdon. After National Service he was ordained in 1956. After a curacy in Fleetwood he was Schools Secretary of the Student Christian Movement from 1960 to 1962. He was Senior Curate of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster and held incumbencies in New Addington and Portsea, Portsmouth before his Archdeacon’s appointment; and St Michael's on Wyre afterwards. References 1931 births Alumni of the University of Manchester Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon Archdeacons of Lancaster Living people

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32862005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Power%20of%20the%20Invisible%20Sun

The Power of the Invisible Sun

The Power of the Invisible Sun is a philanthropic work on behalf of Bobby Sager. It consists of a photography book based on pictures of those areas of the world most stricken by war such as Afghanistan, Rwanda, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Kenya or Zimbabwe, depicting children living and dealing with conflict. Its aim is to inspire activism through the intimate encounters with those children provided by the images. As part of this project, comes the initiative of using the benefits coming from the selling of the book to the "Hope is a game-changer project" providing the kids over the most difficult places around the world with indestructible soccer balls as a lasting symbol of hope. Hope is the most important thing that people need to move forward. The slightest ray of hope can ignite the human spirit's ability to overcome: the power of the invisible sun - Bobby Sager. Sting Sting, friends with Bobby Sager, has been one of the most active partners supporting this project, attending to the Parties to add a value through his recognition among the media. In fact, the power of the invisible sun pays homage to his song "Invisible Sun". He has also written the foreword for the book. References External links Official Website The Power of the Invisible Sun in the news Books of photographs

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63608806

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albingia

Albingia

Albingia is a French insurance company specialized in Risk management, and based in Levallois-Perret. Albingia is currently the only independent French insurance company specialized in Risk management. History Albingia was founded in 1901 in Hamburg. its first French subsidiary opens in 1962. In 1999 Albingia was sold to Axa for €850 million. In 2003, Albingia France was bought by Barclays Private Equity (now Equistone Partners Europe) then sold again in 2006 to Chevrillon & Associés et IDI. In 2018, Eurazeo bought shares of Albingia, alongside the Financière de Blacailloux, controlled by Bruno Chamoin, also Chairman of Albingia. On 9 April 2020, The Hellfest festival organization announced that they paid on 17 December 2019 to Albingia €175000 for cancellation risks, including pandemic risks, but that the company refused to pay for the cancellation of the festival. The contract was sold before the apparition of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Activity In 1962, the first risk management sold by Albingia was linked for machinery breakdown risks. Since that time its activity has expanded to other risks. It has approximately 3500 Insurance brokers. COVID-19 claims In 2020, in regards to the COVID-19 pandemic, the company has decided to not cover for damages suffered by the client that runs the Hellfest music festival. As reported Hellfest's insurance policy covered pandemics. It was also reported that representatives from Albingia agreed, however they claimed it did not cover the COVID-19 pandemic because "respiratory diseases were excluded from the contract". Hellfest reported that they will pursue litigation in court if Albingia doesn't comply with their requests. References External links Official site French companies established in 1901 Insurance companies of France French brands

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2171403

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siu%20Sai%20Wan

Siu Sai Wan

Siu Sai Wan () is a residential area in the northeastern part of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is located in the eastern part of Chai Wan, and is administratively under the Eastern District. The population was 59,729 in June 2011. Location The current perimeter of Siu Sai Wan includes the rest of Chai Wan east of Wing Tai Road. Prior to reclamation, Siu Sai Wan was a small bay east of Chai Wan. Chai Wan was once known as Sai Wan (; West Bay), and the small bay as Siu Chai Wan (; Small Chai Wan) or Chai Wan Tsai (; Little Chai Wan), and over time the names combined into the current name Siu Sai Wan. History Siu Sai Wan was originally an intelligence gathering centre for the United Kingdom. In 1947, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States signed an agreement to jointly pursue the gathering of intelligence. The British Armed Forces then set up an intelligence gathering centre in Siu Sai Wan, one of the largest in the Far East, to monitor wireless communications from Taiwan (ROC) to China (PRC). In 1985, shortly after the handover of Hong Kong to China was agreed, the centre was dismantled. At the same time, along with the development of the Mass Transit Railway, the resettlement estates in Chai Wan were to be demolished. To accommodate residents from these estates and from the expanding urban population, the government decided to develop Siu Sai Wan. At that time the name Siu Sai Wan was deemed "indecent" by the Government, who suggested to name the area "Siu Chai Wan" instead. This didn't sit well with local residents, and as a result when the Siu Sai Wan Estate was built a few years later, the name Siu Sai Wan was returned to the area. Nevertheless, taxi drivers are known to use a similar-sounding profane term when they refer to the area. Siu Sai Wan faces Tathong Channel and Lei Yue Mun, an entrance to the Victoria Harbour. The government has built Home Ownership Scheme housing such as Harmony Garden. Housing Private housing estates include: Island Resort Public housing estates in Siu Sai Wan Siu Sai Wan Estate Education A number of schools including both primary and secondary schools can be found in Siu Sai Wan. Secondary schools: Fukien Secondary School (Siu Sai Wan) Hon Wah College Lingnan Hang Yee Memorial Secondary School The Chinese Foundation Secondary School (CFSS) The Methodist Church Hong Kong Wesley College Primary schools: Pui Kiu Primary School Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Lee Chi Hung Memorial Primary School (Chai Wan) (Closed down on 31 August 2011) Kindergartens: Cannan Kindergarten (Siu Sai Wan) Gar Lam Anglo-Chinese Kindergarten (Siu Sai Wan) Siu Sai Wan is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 16. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and two government schools: Shau Kei Wan Government Primary School and Aldrich Bay Government Primary School. Social amenities Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground Siu Sai Wan Promenade Siu Sai Wan Complex Transport With the Island Resort now constructed, the population of Siu Sai Wan has been steadily increasing, so both First Bus and Citybus extended routes ending at Chai Wan (East) to Siu Sai Wan Estate and Island Resort. The government suggested to the MTR Corporation (MTR) in 2001 that they should consider extending the Island line to Siu Sai Wan from Chai Wan. In June 2005, the MTR revealed that they had started planning for the extension. In 2014, the MTR withdrawn the plan of extension, due to the difficulties of extension. Main roads Siu Sai Wan Road Harmony Road Public transportation There is currently no direct MTR service to Siu Sai Wan. However, residents can walk or take New World First Bus route 82M to reach Chai Wan station, the terminus of the Island line. Buses New World First Bus: 8H, 8P, 49X, 82, 82M, 82S, 82X, 88X, N8P Citybus: 8S, 8X, 19, 85, 85P, 314, 788, 789, A12, N8X, NA12 Cross-harbour routes: 106, 106P, 118, 118P, 606, 606X, 682, 694, N118 Minibuses Green Public Light Buses 44M, 47E, 47M, 47S, 61, 62, 62A References Eastern District, Hong Kong Restricted areas of Hong Kong red public minibus

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8207135

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894%20in%20poetry

1894 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events April — The Yellow Book first published (continues to 1897). June 22 — Nina Davis' first published translation from medieval Hebrew poetry into English, of Abraham ibn Ezra's The Song of Chess, appears in The Jewish Chronicle. November 8 — Robert Frost's poem "My Butterfly" is published on this date in the New York Independent, marking the first sale of his poetry. He earns $15. December 22 — Claude Debussy's symphonic poem Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, a free interpretation of Stéphane Mallarmé's 1876 poem, "L'après-midi d'un faune", is premièred in Paris. Works published in English Canada Bliss Carman, Low Tide on Grand Pré (original edition, 1983) Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey (an American), Songs from Vagabondia Frederick George Scott, My Lattice and Other Poems Arthur Stringer, Watchers of Twilight, and Other Poems United Kingdom Laurence Binyon, Lyric Poems Robert Browning, Asolando Bliss Carman (Canadian) and Richard Hovey (American), Songs from Vagabondia John Davidson, Ballads and Songs, including "Thirty Bob a Week" Edmund Gosse, In Russet and Silver Selwyn Image, Poems and Carols Rudyard Kipling, "McAndrew's Hymn", first published in U.S.A. Robert Fuller Murray, Robert F. Murray: His Poems with a Memoir (posthumous, edited by Andrew Lang) AE, pen name of George William Russell, Homeward Algernon Charles Swinburne, Astrophel and Other Poems Katharine Tynan, Cuckoo Songs William Watson, Odes and Other Poems Oscar Wilde, The Sphinx W.B. Yeats, Irish poet published in the United Kingdom, The Land of Heart's Desire United States Bliss Carman, Songs from Vagabondia, with Richard Hovey, a Canadian author published in the United States Ina Coolbrith, The Singer of the Sea Benjamin Franklin King Jr., Ben King's Verse (posthumous; 2nd edition 1898) George Santayana, Sonnets and Other Verses John B. Tabb, Poems Other in English Henry Lawson, Short Stories in Prose and Verse, Australia Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran, Mayura Sandesam, a sandesa kavya ("message poem") written on the model of Kalidasa's Meghaduta, India, Sanskrit W.B. Yeats, Irish poet published in the United Kingdom, The Land of Heart's Desire Works published in other languages Francis Jammes, Vers, (also 1892 and 1893); France Henry Alfred Krishnapillai, Rakshanya Yatrikam ("The journey of salvation"), India, Tamil language Pierre Louÿs, Les Chansons de Bilitis ("The Songs of Bilitis"), erotic prose poems; Paris Tekkan Yosano, Bokoku no on ("Obligation to the Fatherland"), a collection of literary criticism, Japan Awards and honors Births Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article: January 2 – Robert Nathan (died 1985), American poet and novelist January 10 – Bochō Yamamura 山村暮鳥 (died 1924), Japanese vagabond Christian preacher who gains attention as a writer of tales and songs for children and as a poet May 21 – Eileen Duggan (died 1972), New Zealand May 28 – Loa Ho (died 1943), Taiwan June 14 – W. W. E. Ross (died 1966), Canadian geophysicist and Imagist poet June 16 – Ogiwara Seisensui 荻原井泉水, pen name of Ogiwara Tōkichi (died 1976), Japanese haiku poet in the Taishō and Shōwa periods (surname: Ogiwara) August 31 – Charles Reznikoff, American poet, part of the Objectivist poetry movement October 4 – Jun Tsuji 辻潤 (died 1944), Japanese author, poet, essayist, musician and bohemian (surname: Tsuji) October 7 – Doris Huestis Speirs (died 1989), Canadian painter, ornithologist and poet October 14 – E. E. Cummings (died 1962), American poet and painter October 18 – H. L. Davis (died 1960), American fiction writer and poet October 22 – Paul Grano (died 1975), Australian poet and journalist December 26 – Jean Toomer, American poet and novelist, part of the Harlem Renaissance Zahida Khatun Sherwani, writing as Zay Khay Sheen (died 1922), Indian Urdu language woman poet Deaths Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article: January 24 – Constance Fenimore Woolson (born 1840), American novelist, short-story writer and poet; a grandniece of James Fenimore Cooper April 7 – Benjamin Franklin King Jr. (born 1857), American poet and humorist April 18 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (born 1838), Bengali poet, novelist, essayist and journalist May 16 – Kitamura Tokoku 北村透谷, pen-name of Kitamura Montaro (born 1868), Japanese, late Meiji period poet, essayist and a founder of the modern Japanese romantic literary movement (surname: Kitamura) May 26 – Roden Noel (born 1834), English poet July 5 – Betty Paoli (born 1815), Austrian poet July 17 – Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (born 1818), French poet of the Parnassian movement August 25 – Celia Thaxter (born 1835), American poet and story writer September 5 – Augusta Webster (born 1837), English poet October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes (born 1809), American physician, professor and poet October 28 – John Askham (born 1825), English shoemaker and poet December 3 – Robert Louis Stevenson (born 1850), Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer, of a brain haemorrhage, in Samoa December 29 – Christina Rossetti (born 1830), English poet, of cancer Also: Robert Fuller Murray (born 1863), American-born Scottish poet, of consumption Perunnelli Krishnan Vaidyar (born 1863), Indian, Malayalam-language poet See also 19th century in poetry 19th century in literature List of years in poetry List of years in literature Victorian literature French literature of the 19th century Symbolist poetry Young Poland (Młoda Polska) a modernist period in Polish arts and literature, roughly from 1890 to 1918 Poetry Notes 19th-century poetry Poetry

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62176316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20Durham%20mayoral%20election

1993 Durham mayoral election

The 1993 Durham mayoral election was held on November 2, 1993 to elect the mayor of Durham, North Carolina. It saw the election of Sylvia Kerckhoff, who unseated incumbent mayor Harry E. Rodenhizer Jr. Kerckhoff became the city's first female mayor. Results General election References Durham Mayoral elections in Durham, North Carolina Durham

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54492257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency%20House

Regency House

Regency House is a grade II* listed house at 7 Church Street in Framlingham, Suffolk, England. The house is timber-framed, of three storeys, and dates from the early nineteenth century. It is in use as a shop and house. References Grade II* listed buildings in Suffolk Grade II* listed houses Timber framed buildings in Suffolk Framlingham

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46759087

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle%20Fazzari

Michelle Fazzari

Michelle Cristina Fazzari (born July 10, 1987) is a Canadian wrestler. She finished in 5th place at the 2014 World Wrestling Championships. She has been ranked number 2 in the world. Three weeks after undergoing knee surgery, Fazzari made her Pan Am Games debut at Toronto 2015, finishing seventh. Ivan Yarygin Grand-prix bronze medalist 2015 In July 2016, she was officially named to Canada's 2016 Olympic team. In 2021, she won the gold medal in the 62 kg event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 held in Rome, Italy. References External links 1987 births Brock Badgers wrestlers Canadian female sport wrestlers Living people Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario Wrestlers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games Wrestlers at the 2015 Pan American Games Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic wrestlers for Canada Wrestlers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada World Wrestling Championships medalists Pan American Games competitors for Canada 20th-century Canadian women 21st-century Canadian women Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games

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6896434

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83getu%20de%20Sus

Făgetu de Sus

Făgetu de Sus may refer to several villages in Romania: Făgetu de Sus, a village in Poiana Vadului Commune, Alba County Făgetu de Sus, a village in Ghimeș-Făget Commune, Bacău County

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1116939

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragus%20piercing

Tragus piercing

A tragus piercing is the perforation of the tragus, which projects immediately in front of the ear canal, for the purpose of inserting and wearing a piece of jewelry. The piercing itself is usually made with a small gauge hollow piercing needle, and typical jewelry would be a small diameter captive bead ring or small gauge post style piercing jewelry. A related piercing is known as the antitragus piercing. History The popularity of tragus piercings began to increase around 2005, according to a BBC report. Jewelry Barbells, captive bead rings and flat-backed earring studs are the most common types of jewelry worn in tragus piercings. Process The hollow, low-gauge needle used for the piercing can be either straight or curved, depending on the piercer's preference. Tragus piercings are generally not very painful, due to the small number of nerve endings in the tragus, but the sound made may be uncomfortable due to its proximity to the eardrum. Most tragus piercings will take between 3 and 6 months to heal, however some might take up to 12 months to be fully healed. References Ear piercing ru:Пирсинг ушей#Пирсинг козелка

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