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54373746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hojjat%20Nazari | Hojjat Nazari | Bashir "Hojjat" Nazari (; born 1988) is an Iranian reformist politician who is a member of the City Council of Tehran.
His father Hojjat Nazari, was a military commander killed in the Iran–Iraq War.
References
Living people
National Trust Party (Iran) politicians
Tehran Councillors 2017–
1988 births | [
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21668269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82uchowo | Słuchowo | Słuchowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately west of Krokowa, west of Puck, and north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
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2232786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie%20Museum | Carnegie Museum | Carnegie Museum may refer to:
Carnegie Museum of the Keweenaw, museum located in Michigan
Carnegie Museum of Montgomery County, museum located in Indiana
Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, a group of four museums in Pittsburgh, PA, including:
Carnegie Museum of Art
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Carnegie Science Center
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22160572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef%20Or%20Salmon | Beef Or Salmon | Beef Or Salmon is a multiple Grade 1 winning National Hunt racehorse. He was trained in Ireland by Michael Hourigan and owned by B J Craig And Dan McLarnon. He was most famous for defeating three Cheltenham Gold Cup winners in Best Mate, Kicking King, and War of Attrition and also for his defeat of the 2005 Grand National winner, Hedgehunter.
Background
Beef Or Salmon is a chestnut horse bred in Ireland by John Murphy. He is the only horse of any consequence sired by Cajetano, an American-bred colt who had some success as a racehorse in Switzerland. Beef Or Salmon's dam Farinella showed no racing ability, finishing unplaced on her only racecourse appearance. She was descended from The Oaks winner Keystone, making her a distant relative of Display and Ballymoss.
Early career
Beef Or Salmon made his racecourse debut in May 2001 at Fairyhouse, where he finished third in the Goffs Land Rover Bumper. He did not race again till November 2001, where he won a National Hunt flat race at Clonmel, before finishing second at Fairyhouse. Beef Or Salmon went on to run seven more times that season, winning twice.
2002/03 season
He made a winning seasonal reappearance in October at Galway and following that won the Clonmel Oil Chase and the Hilly Way Chase. He followed that up with two wins at the highest level in the Lexus Chase and Irish Hennessy Chase. He then went to the Cheltenham Festival, where he contested the Cheltenham Gold Cup. Beef Or Salmon fell as Best Mate won. He ended the season with victory in April in a Flat race at the Curragh.
2003/04 season
He started the 2003/04 season a beaten odds on favourite as he finished third behind Edredon Bleu in the Clonmel Oil Chase. In his next two starts, he won the John Durkan Memorial Chase and the Hilly Way Chase. December 2003 saw Beef Or Salmon come up against Best Mate again, and Best Mate won with Beef Or Salmon finishing third. His next run saw him cross the shores again, and he finished fourth behind Best Mate in the Cheltenham Gold Cup. He ended the season on a winning note as he took the Punchestown Gold Cup.
2004/05 season
To begin the 2004/05 season, Beef Or Salmon won the JNwine.com Champion Chase. He could only finish third on his next start though, behind Kicking King in the John Durkan Memorial Chase. In his next start, he beat Best Mate in the Lexus Chase. Then he finished second behind Rule Supreme in the Irish Hennessy Chase, before being pulled up in the Cheltenham Gold Cup, which was won by Kicking King.
2005/06 season
Beef Or Salmon started the season with a spin on the Flat and finished ninth in the Irish Cesarewitch in October before he came to Haydock and finished second behind Kingscliff in the Betfair Chase. He then won the Lexus Chase and the Irish Hennessy Chase, beating Hedgehunter by twelve lengths in the latter race. These wins saw Beef Or Salmon start off the 4/1 favourite for the Cheltenham Gold Cup, but he finished 11th behind War Of Attrition. He then unseated his rider, Paul Carberry, in the Totesport Bowl at Aintree before finishing third in a hurdle race at Fairyhouse. In his final race of the season, Beef Or Salmon finished second behind War Of Attrition in the Punchestown Gold Cup.
Final two seasons
His final two seasons saw Beef Or Salmon run in the top races in England and Ireland, and he recorded three wins. He won the JNwine.com Champion Chase again, and also recorded a final victory in the Irish Hennessy Chase, beating The Listener. He was retired after running in the 2008 Punchestown Gold Cup.
Retirement
In retirement Beef Or Salmon joined the living legends at the Irish National Stud. In 2020 the tourist attraction included Beef Or Salmon, Kicking King, Hardy Eustace, Rite of Passage and Hurricane Fly.
Pedigree
References
1996 racehorse births
Thoroughbred family 2-u
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in Ireland
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50480039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Molano | Alex Molano | Alexander William Molano (born April 10, 1992) is an American professional soccer player.
Career
Molano signed with Dinamo Zagreb in 2009, spending two seasons with their academy before moving to Sweden with Bodens. He made five appearances for Bodens before returning to Croatia a year later to join NK Vrapče, and again returning to Sweden with Bodens in 2013, where he tallied two assists in eight appearances.
Molano came back to the United States in 2014, playing with fifth-tier National Premier Soccer League side Dallas City FC in both 2014 and 2015.
Molano returned to professional soccer in January 2016, signing with United Soccer League side Swope Park Rangers. He scored his first goal with a 95th-minute equalizing free kick against Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC on July 20, 2016.
Molano signed with the Major Arena Soccer League's Dallas Sidekicks on September 18, 2019. His father Willie Molano had played for the original Dallas Sidekicks from 1987 to 1990.
References
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Grapevine, Texas
American expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
American men's soccer players
Bodens BK players
Sporting Kansas City II players
North Carolina FC players
Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC players
Men's association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Dallas County, Texas
Soccer players from Denton County, Texas
National Premier Soccer League players
USL Championship players
Major Arena Soccer League players
Dallas Sidekicks (PASL/MASL) players
United Premier Soccer League players
National Independent Soccer Association players
American sportspeople of Colombian descent
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
American expatriate men's soccer players
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
American expatriate sportspeople in Sweden | [
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50608043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijok%20%28state%20constituency%29 | Ijok (state constituency) | Ijok is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 1995.
The state constituency was created in the 1994 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system. , the State Assemblyman for Ijok is Idris Ahmad from the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).
Demographics
History
Polling districts
According to the federal gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Ijok constituency is divided into 11 polling districts.
Representation history
Election results
References
Selangor state constituencies | [
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46506695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Daughter%20%28Brack%29 | First Daughter (Brack) | First Daughter is a 1955 Modernist painting by Australian artist John Brack. The painting depicts his daughter Clara as a young girl kneeling on the floor drawing a person on a piece of paper. The subject is seen from above - from the viewpoint of a father.
The painting was first shown in the exhibition John Brack, at Peter Bray Gallery, Melbourne, 8-17 March 1955, for the price of 35 guineas; then at John Brack: The Sport of Kings and Other Paintings, at the Johnstone Gallery, Brisbane, 27 March - 8 April 1957, titled there Little Girl Drawing, and purchased for 40 guineas, by Mr J.C. Tritton, Brisbane.
It was sold at auction by Christie's in 1971 and "disappeared from view", becoming part of various private collections.
The painting was part of the private collection of Sydney banker, and co-founder of Macquarie Group, David Clarke. It was sold at auction by Sotheby's in April 2015 for a hammer price of AUD725,000.
See also
Laughing Child, a 1958 portrait by Brack of his daughter Charlotte
References
External links
First Daughter 1955 - The David Clarke AO Collection of Australian Art
Paintings by John Brack
1955 paintings
Paintings in Australia
Paintings of children | [
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33032290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Hail%20Urusei%20Yatsura | All Hail Urusei Yatsura | All Hail Urusei Yatsura is the debut Urusei Yatsura record, released in 1994.
Track listing
It Is
Death 2 Everyone
Yeah
Saturn
On Your Mind
Teenage Dream Proved Fucked & Wrong
References
1994 EPs
Urusei Yatsura (band) albums | [
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21841736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wejsuny | Wejsuny | Wejsuny (; ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Ruciane-Nida, north-west of Pisz, and east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The village has a population of 380.
References
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22039568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quench%20%28company%29 | Quench (company) | Quench USA Inc. is a water technology company that rents and services filtered water coolers. According to the site, over half of the Fortune 500 are customers. Zenith International lists Quench as a leading distributor in the point-of-use (POU) market along with Macke Water Systems and Nestle Waters. Quench is an independent operating company of AquaVenture Holdings. Quench is headquartered in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. Quench was named an Online Marketing Success Story in Google's 2011 Economic Impact Report. In 2008, Quench was named a top 25 most successful startup by Businessweek.
Products description
Filtered water systems are plumbed into a building's water supply and purified at the last possible point before consumption. Filter water coolers and ice dispensers typically use carbon filtration, UV water disinfection and/or reverse osmosis to purify drinking water.
Acquisitions
In March 2012, Quench purchased Aqua Perfect of Arizona LLC.
In April 2014, Quench acquired Macke Water Systems.
In June 2014, Quench acquired Atlas Watersystems.
In July 2015, Quench acquired Region-X LLC a Massachusetts company that provides services related to high purity water systems
In December 2018, Quench acquired Bluline, a point-of-use water filtration dealer and distributor based in South Florida.
References
Companies based in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
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11758420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Direct%20%28AM-90%29 | USS Direct (AM-90) | USS Direct (AM-90) was an of the United States Navy. It was laid down on 26 December 1941 by the Dravo Corporation, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, launched on 25 April 1942, and commissioned on 31 August 1942. The ship started conversion to a submarine chaser on 16 May 1944 at Norfolk, Virginia, and was reclassified PC-1594 on 1 June 1944.
World War II Atlantic Ocean Operations
The Direct arrived at Bermuda on 30 December 1942 for anti-submarine patrol and escort duty until arriving at New York on 24 April 1944. On 15 May she began conversion to a submarine chaser patrol vessel at Norfolk, Virginia, and on 1 June 1944 her name was canceled and she was reclassified PC-1594.
Submarine chaser PC-1594
The PC-1594 sailed from Norfolk, Virginia on 13 June 1944 for training off Bermuda. On 6 July she rendezvoused with a convoy bound for Bizerte, Tunisia, arriving on the 23rd. A week later she departed for Naples, arriving 2 August for anti-submarine patrol and escort duty. She took part in the invasion of southern France on 15 August and continued to serve on convoy and patrol duty in the Mediterranean from Palermo, Bizerte, and Oran until 27 May 1945 when she sailed for the United States.
Awards
PC-1594 received one battle star for the invasion of southern France.
Post-war decommissioning
She arrived at Jacksonville, Florida on 15 June. She was decommissioned on 9 November 1945, and transferred to the Maritime Administration for disposal on 29 July 1946.
It was than registered in 1946 by the Mechanical Equipment Co. and in 1947 by Harry F. Allsman Co. as the Allmac. All assets of that company were taken over by J. Ray McDermott in 1948. In 1950 the vessel was scrapped.
References
Williams, G.H. (2013): World War II U.S. Navy Vessels in Private Hands. The Boats and Ships Sold and Registered for Commercial and Recreational Purposes Under the American Flag, McFarland
External links
Adroit-class minesweepers
Ships built in Pittsburgh
1942 ships
World War II minesweepers of the United States
World War II patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built by Dravo Corporation | [
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55998848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Hansen%20%28footballer%29 | Benjamin Hansen (footballer) | Benjamin Tiedemann Hansen (born 7 February 1994) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Allsvenskan club AIK, on loan from Molde.
Career
Early career
Hansen started his career as a three-year-old in Skovby GF. At the age of five, he moved to Bogense G&IF. As a 12-year-old he began playing for Næsby Boldklub's youth teams, where he played until 2009. His last season with Næsby Boldklub he played senior football in the Danish divisions at the age of 15.
In the summer of 2009 he began attending , where he could combine an efterskole education, which his parents wanted, with playing academy football for Vejle Boldklub. He played for Vejle for four years for both the U17 and U19 teams. The first year he finished Danish folkeskole, after which he completed (HHX) at the business high school at Campus Vejle.
Marienlyst
Hansen signed with Marienlyst on 6 July 2013. He played a total of three seasons for the club, and he was team captain for Marienlyst during his final season there.
Fredericia
Hansen moved to FC Fredericia in the summer of 2016. During his sole season at the club, he made 34 appearances.
Nordsjælland
Hansen signed with Danish Superliga club Nordsjælland in August 2017. He made his league debut on 22 September 2017 in a game against SønderjyskE, coming on as a substitute for Mads Aaquist in the 90th minute. Five days later, on 27 September 2017, he made his starting debut in the Danish Cup against Vejgaard BK, which FC Nordsjælland won 4–0 away at Soffy Road.
Haugesund
On 19 March 2019, Hansen signed with Norwegian club Haugesund. He played there for three seasons, and grew into the club's team captain, before leaving the club when his contract expired in December 2021. He made 102 total appearances for the club, scoring four goals.
Molde
On 2 February 2022, Molde reached an agreement for Hansen to join the club. He signed a three-year contract. He made his debut on 13 March in the round of 16 of the Norwegian Football Cup, starting at centre-back in a 3–2 win over Odd. Molde would eventually win the 2021–22 Norwegian Football Cup after a 1–0 win over Bodø/Glimt in the final, with Hansen playing the full game. Hansen made his league debut for Molde on the first matchday of the domestic season in a 1–0 win over Vålerenga on 2 April.
On 30 August 2023, Hansen joined Allsvenskan club AIK on a loan deal until December 2023, including an option to buy.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Molde
Eliteserien: 2022
Norwegian Cup: 2021–22
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Danish men's footballers
Næsby Boldklub players
BK Marienlyst players
FC Fredericia players
Vejle Boldklub players
FC Nordsjælland players
FK Haugesund players
Molde FK players
AIK Fotboll players
Danish 1st Division players
Danish Superliga players
Eliteserien players
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
People from Nordfyn Municipality
Footballers from the Region of Southern Denmark | [
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43995393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamo%20Mibang | Tamo Mibang | Tamo Mibang (1 July 1955 – 6 August 2022) was an Indian professor, Pro Chancellor of APEX Professional University and Vice Chancellor of Rajiv Gandhi University in Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh. He was from the Adi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, and sought to promote literacy in the state.
Social works
Social Change in Arunachal Pradesh
Tribal Studies - Emerging Frontiers of Knowledge
An introduction to Adi language
Tribal Villages in Arunachal Pradesh
Marriage in tribal societies'''Dynamics of tribal villages in Arunachal Pradesh: emerging realitiesSocial Change in Arunachal Pradesh: The Minyongs, 1947-1981Folk Tales of North East India: Adis of Arunachal Pradesh''.
References
1955 births
2022 deaths
Writers from Arunachal Pradesh
People from Adi Community
Heads of universities and colleges in India | [
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62037352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20Dust%20105D | Flying Dust 105D | Flying Dust 105D is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan.
References
Indian reserves in Saskatchewan
Division No. 17, Saskatchewan | [
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21677313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM%20UC-66 | SM UC-66 | SM UC-66 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 15 July 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 14 November 1916 as SM UC-66. In five patrols UC-66 was credited with sinking 32 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-66 was sunk by HM seaplane No. 8656, a Curtiss Model H-12, off the Isles of Scilly on 27 May 1917. The wreck was found by divers in 2009. This is a notable early aircraft success against a U-boat.
Design
A German Type UC II submarine, UC-66 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 48 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . UC-66 was fitted with six mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.
Summary of raiding history
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
Maritime incidents in 1917
U-boats sunk by British warships
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk in 1917
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships | [
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51350062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar%20Primary%20Materials%20Company | Qatar Primary Materials Company | Qatar Primary Materials Company (QPMC) (Arabic: شركة قطر للموارد الأولية), is a Qatari company that specializes in establishing and developing sources of raw materials, focuses on the efficiencies of material handling operations, and provides a strategic reserve of primary materials. The firm has seen some controversy, especially with respect to its leadership, environmental impact, and work-related accidents.
Background
QPMC was founded in 2006 by instruction of the Government of Qatar through an Emri decree to provide efficient port service at the gabbro berths, as well as developing them to increase their capacity and ability to manage larger quantities of raw materials imported to facilitate trade.
Additionally, the Qatari government wanted to ensure domestic market supply of building materials, provide consistent reserves of primary materials, stabilize their prices (using the First in First Out (FIFO) method), secure the country's strategic stockpile, and ease the government's involvement in facilitating revitalization and building processes to encourage and support affordable conditions for the private sector to flourish and be competitive in the region.
Market
QPMC has aimed to create a competitive environment, limit monopolies and boost industry transparency by making sure the local market receives a consistent supply of building materials and improve the efficiency of port facilities that are used in the import of bulk construction materials. The company maintains reserves in dune sand, gabbro, washed sand, and limestone, and has supplied about 40,000 cubic meters of dune sand to the market. Furthermore, the company is involved in operations through its capacity to develop and operate jetties for Government projects, construct cement, develop sea logistics supply chain, and offering solutions for the transport, storage, and delivery of primary materials in Qatar.
Leadership
The founding chairman and managing director of the QPMC was Khalid bin Mohammed al-Rabban. Al-Rabban has been associated to terrorist organizations and terror financing.
He was the President and board member of Alkarama foundation, a Swiss-based organization which poses as a human rights advocacy group. In actuality, Alkarama is a front for political Islamist networks. Two of the organization's founding members Abd al-Rahman bin Umayr al-Nuaymi and Abdul Wahab al-Humaiqani are on the U.S. Department of Treasury’s sanctions list for their work as a major al-Qaeda financiers and representatives in the Arabian Peninsula through their transferring of millions of dollars in funding, and are Specially Designated Global Terrorists. In addition, Alkarama has represented clients associated with Islamist militants operating in Syria.
Al-Rabban is also a member of the Global Anti-Aggression Campaign led by a close mentor of Osama bin Laden, Safar bin Abdul Rahman al-Hawali. The campaign also features al-Nuyami as a member and has supported Hamas leadership and Hamas members’ in their quest for jihad.
Currently, General Engineer Abdul Aziz Abdullah Al-Ansari is QPMC's chairman after his work with Qatar's Ministry of Interior.
Current standing
QPMC has refocused its strategy to work with contractors and private sector firms. In its efforts to supply raw materials for the construction industry, the company has signed five agreements in 2015 with private firms to deliver primary construction materials, mainly gabbro and limestone, to the Qatari market. The Doha Quarry and Oryx Trading were instrumental in these agreements through its commitment to provide the materials in large quantities.
As of end of year 2015, the company has been able to sign over 24 supply agreements with local contractors, supplying them with over 19 million tons of materials, thanks to its last 4 signed agreements. One of QPMC's biggest customers is Ashghal, the Public Works Authority, through an agreement to supply it with over 90 million tons of gabbro and limestone for 5 years. This agreement has created a framework for Qatar's infrastructural development. QPMC has also signed a 5-year $500 million Contract of Affreightment with Hyundi Glovis in 2015 in their South Korea headquarters to ship 50 million tons of aggregates to Qatar. This contract will require the shipments of aggregates from the United Arab Emirates and Oman to Qatar throughout the 5-year contract. These efforts have come at an instrumental time for Qatar in its efforts to prepare for the 2022 FIFA World Cup by building stadiums and developing infrastructure in the country.
Challenges
In addition to its tainted leadership, QPMC faces a number of environmental challenges. The company has struggled to keep its carbon footprint levels low. Additionally, the firm has faced a number of operational challenges in the aggregate supply chain, especially with regard to occupational hazards and harmful work-zone accidents that have occurred under its watch.
References
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"Do",
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"Qu",
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"x",
"Tr",
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"'",
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"a",
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"$",
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"in",
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"Korea",
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"Em",
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"to",
"Q",
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"throughout",
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"5",
"-",
"year",
"contract",
".",
"These",
"efforts",
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"come",
"at",
"an",
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"time",
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"Q",
"at",
"ar",
"in",
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"efforts",
"to",
"pre",
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"are",
"for",
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"2022",
"FI",
"FA",
"World",
"Cup",
"by",
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".",
"Ch",
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"In",
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"Q",
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"a",
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"a",
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"oper",
"ational",
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"in",
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"greg",
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"sup",
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"ch",
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"occup",
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"h",
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22342076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fore%20%28Parliament%20of%20Ireland%20constituency%29 | Fore (Parliament of Ireland constituency) | Fore was a constituency in County Westmeath represented in the Irish House of Commons from 1612 to 1800.
History
In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Fore was represented with two members.
Members of Parliament
1634–1635: Lucas Fitzgerald and Thomas Nugent (died 1634 and replaced by John Nugent)
1639–1649: John Nugent (died 1647 and replaced by Oliver Walshe)
1661–1666: Sir Timothy Tyrrill of Buckinghamshire (absent/died and replaced 1662 by Charles Viscount Falkland. Falkland died and was replaced 1663 by John Forrest) and William Markham
1689–1801
Notes
References
Bibliography
Constituencies of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801)
Historic constituencies in County Westmeath
1800 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies disestablished in 1800
1612 establishments in Ireland | [
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60798824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty%20Light%20Rail | Almaty Light Rail | The Almaty Light Rail is a light rail line planned to serve Kazakhstan's largest city Almaty.
Background
Trams in Almaty served the city between 1937 and 2015. It was one of the four tramways of Kazakhstan which continuously operated from their opening dates. The network went into decline starting in the late 20th century, with most of its former routes closed by 2010. Operation of the remaining tram network was halted and indefinitely suspended on 31 October 2015.
In 2011, the first section of a metro opened between Raiymbek Batyr and Alatau was constructed. Soon after this, in 2016 the next section of the line was completed to Moskva. Finally, in 2022, the section to Bauyrzhan Momyshuly was completed. The system runs seven 4-car trains, produced by Hyundai Rotem of South Korea. Plans for a second line are underway.
Route
The line contains 36 stations and a depot in the Alatau district. The line links Almaty’s principal avenues, passing through Momyshuly and Töle Bi Street, Panfilov street to Astana Square, and down Makatayev and Zhetysuskaya streets.
See also
Almaty Metro
Trams in Almaty
Nur-Sultan Light Metro
References
Transport in Almaty
Passenger rail transport in Kazakhstan | [
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94978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faribault%20County%2C%20Minnesota | Faribault County, Minnesota | Faribault County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,921. Its county seat is Blue Earth.
History
The county was founded in 1855. It was named for Jean-Baptiste Faribault, a settler and French fur trader among the Sioux Indians.
Geography
Faribault County lies on the south side of Minnesota. Its southern border abuts the north border of the state of Iowa. The Blue Earth River flows northerly through the west-central part of the county; it enters from Iowa as two branches, West Branch and Middle Branch, merging at into the county. It is joined by East Branch near the city of Blue Earth, thence flows northward into Blue Earth County. The Maple River flows west-northwestward through the upper central part of the county, entering from Freeborn County and exiting to Blue Earth County. The Cobb River also flows through the NE part of the county, from Freeborn to Blue Earth county.
The county terrain consists of semi-arid rolling hills, devoted to agriculture. The SE portion is a glacial moraine near Kiester, and is known as the Kiester Moraine. The county has an area of , of which is land and (1.3%) is water.
Lakes
Bass Lake (Delavan Twp)
Hart Lake
Minnesota Lake
Rice Lake (Delavan Twp)
Rice Lake (Foster Twp)
South Walnut Lake
Walnut Lake
Airports
Blue Earth Municipal Airport
Wells Municipal Airport
Major highways
Interstate 90
U.S. Highway 169
Minnesota State Highway 22
Minnesota State Highway 109
Adjacent counties
Blue Earth County - north
Waseca County - northeast
Freeborn County - east
Winnebago County, Iowa - southeast
Kossuth County, Iowa - southwest
Martin County - west
Protected areas
Walnut Lake State Wildlife Management Area
Demographics
2020 Census
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 16,181 people, 6,652 households, and 4,476 families in the county. The population density was . There were 7,247 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 97.11% White, 0.24% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.36% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 3.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 45.5% were of German, 21.2% Norwegian and 5.1% Irish ancestry.
There were 6,652 households, out of which 28.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 6.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.70% were non-families. 29.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.93.
The county population contained 24.40% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 23.20% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 22.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 97.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,440, and the median income for a family was $41,793. Males had a median income of $28,990 versus $20,224 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,193. About 5.50% of families and 8.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.40% of those under age 18 and 10.20% of those age 65 or over.
Communities
Cities
Blue Earth (county seat)
Bricelyn
Delavan
Easton
Elmore
Frost
Kiester
Minnesota Lake (Partly in Blue Earth County)
Walters
Wells
Winnebago
Unincorporated communities
Baroda
Brush Creek
Clayton (Ghost Town)
Dell
Guckeen
Homedahl (Ghost Town)
Huntley
Marna
Pilot Grove
Townships
Barber Township
Blue Earth City Township
Brush Creek Township
Clark Township
Delavan Township
Dunbar Township
Elmore Township
Emerald Township
Foster Township
Jo Daviess Township
Kiester Township
Lura Township
Minnesota Lake Township
Pilot Grove Township
Prescott Township
Rome Township
Seely Township
Verona Township
Walnut Lake Township
Winnebago City Township
Government and politics
Faribault County has primarily supported Republican Party candidates in presidential elections throughout its history. Only six times since 1892 has a Republican candidate failed to win the county in a presidential election, most recently Bob Dole in 1996.
Education
School districts include:
Alden-Conger Public School District
Blue Earth Area Public Schools
Granada-Huntley-East Chain School District
Janesville-Waldorf-Pemberton School District
Maple River School District
United South Central School District
It also has the following state-operated schools:
Minnesota State Academy for the Blind
Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Faribault County MN
References
External links
Faribault County Government's website
Faribault County info at Rootsweb
Minnesota counties
1855 establishments in Minnesota Territory | [
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18488461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh%20Myong-jin | Koh Myong-jin | Koh Myong-jin (; ; born 9 January 1988) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ulsan Hyundai in K League 1.
Club career
Koh joined FC Seoul, then known as the Anyang LG Cheetahs, in 2003. In 2015 he moved to Al-Rayyan. In September 2019, he moved to Slaven Belupo in Croatia, but left the club two months later.
He moved back to South Korea to join Ulsan Hyundai FC ahead of the 2020 K League 1 season. In his first season with Ulsan, he helped them win the 2020 AFC Champions League for the second time in the club's history.
International career
On 23 May 2011, Koh was called up to the South Korea national team for the friendly matches against Serbia and Ghana, though he did not play. He made his national team debut in a friendly match against Australia on 14 November 2012 in a 2–1 loss.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
FC Seoul
K League 1: 2010, 2012
League Cup: 2006, 2010
AFC Champions League runner-up: 2013
FA Cup runner-up: 2014
Al-Rayyan
Qatar Stars League: 2015–16
Ulsan Hyundai
AFC Champions League: 2020
Individual
K League Best XI : 2014
References
External links
Koh Myong-jin – National Team Stats at KFA
1988 births
Living people
South Korean men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
FC Seoul players
Al-Rayyan SC players
NK Slaven Belupo players
K League 1 players
Qatar Stars League players
Croatian Football League players
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Sportspeople from Suwon
Footballers from Gyeonggi Province
South Korea men's under-23 international footballers
South Korea men's international footballers | [
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58643789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20%C3%81ngel%20L%C3%B3pez | Carlos Ángel López | Carlos Ángel López Llanes (17 July 1952 – 30 September 2018) was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
Career
Born in Misiones Province, López played for River Plate, Argentinos Juniors, Estudiantes de La Plata, Racing Club, Vélez Sarsfield, Sarmiento, Millonarios, Boca Juniors, Atlético Junior and Club Bolívar.
He also scored 1 goal in 4 games for the Argentina national team.
Later life and death
He died on 30 September 2018 at the age of 66.
References
1952 births
2018 deaths
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
Argentinos Juniors footballers
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield footballers
Club Atlético Sarmiento footballers
Millonarios F.C. players
Boca Juniors footballers
Atlético Junior footballers
Club Bolívar players
Argentine Primera División players
Categoría Primera A players
Men's association football midfielders
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Footballers from Posadas, Misiones | [
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1014978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxie | Oxie | Oxie () is a locality and was a city district () in the south-east of Malmö Municipality, Sweden. On 1 July 2013, the city district was merged with Fosie, forming Söder. In 2012, Oxie had a population of 12,453 of the municipality's 307,758. The area was 2,306 hectares.
Notable buildings include the medieval Oxie church (Oxie kyrka) and the water tower. From the railway station commuter trains proceed to Malmö and Ystad.
It is dominated by residential areas of single-family detached home and semi-detached houses. Oxie centrum is the center point of the town with a small square, several stores and service providers.
History
The area around Oxie is rich in archaeological finds. Settlements from the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age have been discovered. The spectacular bronze-age burial mounds Kungshögarna (Mounds of the Kings) provides a monumental sight, overlooking the highway to Malmö. These mounds, at 60 m above sea level, are also the highest natural point in Malmö municipality.
Oxie is first mentioned in written sources 1130 as Oshögha, believed to mean the mound by the spring. As the center point of the church municipality Oxie hundred, Oxie was also the seat of the hundred thing (Häradstinget), which was held every spring and autumn. Local names such as Tingbacken (Thing hill) and Tingdammen (Thing pond) indicate the location of the things. Galjebacken (Gallow Hill) is another place, bearing witness to the judicial powers of the hundred thing. Galjebacken was used for executions well into the 19th century. The oldest building in Oxie is the church, originally built in 1160. It was heavily restored in 1848 by Carl Georg Brunius, but the walls of the nave, the southern gate and the Baptismal font are all remains from the original church. There are theories that a wooden church existed at the site prior to the 1160 stone construction.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the village expanded with the establishment of several brick and gravel industries. Remains from this era can still be seen in the topography of Oxie. Like in many other small, rural communities this rapid industrialisation was facilitated by the establishment of railroad communications.
Oxie was a municipality of its own until it merged with Malmö in 1967. Today, Oxie is made up of the previously separate villages Oxie, Käglinge, Toarp and Kristineberg. In addition, Oxie district also included the villages Lockarp, Glostorp and Krumby.
Neighbourhoods
The neighbourhoods of the city district of Oxie were:
Demographics
During the later half of the 20th century, the population skyrocketed to more than 10,000 from 1,608 in 1957, as it became more attractive for families to move outside of the city. A major residential area, Oxievång, was built during the 1970s and 1980s.
During the 1990s and early 2000s, significant numbers of immigrants moved to Oxie.
The ten largest groups of foreign-born persons are:
Denmark (858)
Poland (220)
Former Yugoslavia (200)
Iraq (108)
Hungary (95)
Iran (91)
Pakistan (84)
Germany (78)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (77)
Finland (66)
The construction of the Øresund Bridge, combined with the high cost of living in Denmark, has led to large numbers of Danish people settling in Oxie recently. The proximity to Copenhagen and good communications make Oxie an attractive alternative for those who commute to the Danish side. In 2006, there were 451 Danish-born persons, the figure increased to 602 in 2007 and in 2009, 858 Danes lived in Oxie.
Education
There are nine public preschools/kindergartens as well as four schools in Oxie today. Blankebäcksskolan, Kungshögsskolan and Tingdammsskolan are primary schools, while Oxievångsskolan is a secondary school. Oxie is the location of a flower school named Ingvar Strandhs Blomsterskola. It is the leading florist school in Sweden, with students coming from as far as Japan to participate in courses.
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Oxie:
Oxie IF
Rönnebäcks GK, a golf club
Flower business
In addition to hosting the florist school, Oxie is the number one flower transit point in Sweden. Several flower importing companies have facilities in Oxie, receiving shipments of flowers from all over Europe. As much as 80% of the imported cut flowers coming to Sweden pass through here.
References
Former city districts of Malmö
Populated places in Skåne County
Populated places in Malmö Municipality
Cities and towns in the Øresund Region | [
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"im",
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"an",
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"ung",
"sh",
"ö",
"g",
"s",
"sk",
"ol",
"an",
"and",
"T",
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"dam",
"ms",
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",",
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"n",
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"ol",
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"var",
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"h",
"s",
"Bl",
"om",
"st",
"ers",
"k",
"ola",
".",
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"is",
"the",
"leading",
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"school",
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",",
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"coming",
"from",
"as",
"far",
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"Japan",
"to",
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"clubs",
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":",
"Ox",
"ie",
"I",
"F",
"R",
"ö",
"n",
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"G",
"K",
",",
"a",
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"business",
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"school",
",",
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"trans",
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"Se",
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"import",
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"companies",
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"rece",
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"ship",
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"from",
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"Europe",
".",
"As",
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"as",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"im",
"ported",
"cut",
"fl",
"owers",
"coming",
"to",
"Sweden",
"pass",
"through",
"here",
".",
"References",
"Former",
"city",
"districts",
"of",
"Mal",
"m",
"ö",
"Populated",
"places",
"in",
"Sk",
"å",
"ne",
"County",
"Populated",
"places",
"in",
"Mal",
"m",
"ö",
"Municip",
"ality",
"C",
"ities",
"and",
"towns",
"in",
"the",
"Ø",
"res",
"und",
"Region"
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54308057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poume%20d%27oranges | Poume d'oranges | Poume d'oranges, also referred to as pome dorreng and pommedorry, is a characteristic gilded (coated) pork meatball dish from Medieval cuisine that was a part of elite food culture during the Middle Ages. The dish was prepared to resemble the color of oranges, which was performed by using an egg yolk glaze. Poume d'oranges dish was often used for courtly English feasts and is listed in Medieval cooking manuscripts. The dish was denoted as pome dorreng on the coronation menu for Henry IV of England.
Poume d'oranges is mentioned in Anglo-Norman manuscripts and other documents, which points to the influence of Arab cuisine on European cuisine. This influence is most likely due to the fact that Normans conquered Sicily in the 11th century, which was dominated by Arabs for several centuries. In southern Spain, the Moors ruled for centuries. A similar dish of Medieval origin is Teste de Turke.
See also
List of meatball dishes
List of pork dishes
References
External links
Poume d’orange. The Medieval Kitchen.
Medieval cuisine
Meatballs
Pork dishes | [
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63868469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylicinae | Hylicinae | Hylicinae is a subfamily in the family Cicadellidae (leafhoppers).
Description
Hylicine leafhoppers are moderately robust insects and are brownish to greyish in colouration. They feed on Dicotyledon trees and shrubs.
Distribution
This subfamily is mostly confined to the Afrotropical and Indomalayan regions.
Tribes and genera
There are three tribes in the subfamily.
Hylicini
Erected by Distant in 1908.
Assiringia Distant, 1908
Hylica Stål, 1863
Traiguma Distant, 1908
Wolfella Spinola, 1850
Malmaemichungiini
Erected by Metcalf in 1962. It is monotypic.
Melliola Hedicke, 1923
Sudrini
Erected by Schmidt, E. in 1962.
Balala Distant, 1908
Hatigoria Distant, 1908
Hemisudra Schmidt, E., 1911
Kalasha Distant, 1908
Karasekia Melichar, 1912
Nacolus Jacobi, 1914
Parasudra Schmidt, E., 1909
Pseudosudra Schmidt, E., 1920
Sudra Distant, 1908
References
Cicadellidae
Hemiptera subfamilies | [
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40188732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade%20I%20listed%20buildings%20in%20North%20East%20Lincolnshire | Grade I listed buildings in North East Lincolnshire | There are over 9,000 Grade I listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the district of North East Lincolnshire in Lincolnshire.
North East Lincolnshire
|}
Notes
External links
Lists of Grade I listed buildings in Lincolnshire | [
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32985187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooty%20%282011%20TV%20series%29 | Sooty (2011 TV series) | Sooty is a British children's slapstick television series that aired on the Mini CITV block on CITV from September 2011 to October 2018. It was the fifth such incarnation of the series to feature the titular character Sooty, and the first since the last series ended in 2004, it is also the first since presenter Richard Cadell bought the licensing rights to the brand in 2008. This programme focuses on the storyline of the titular character, two of his puppet friends, and the presenter starting a new life running a holiday park known as Slater’s Holiday Park based at a British coastal resort.
Premise
This series focuses on the storyline of Richard, the presenter starting a brand new job at "Slater's Holiday Park" set in a British coastal resort, along with Sooty (the titular character), Sweep and Soo.
Production
The series is filmed at Brean Leisure Park in Somerset, an amusement park that was co-owned by Cadell until 2014.
Cast
Main
Richard Cadell – he is the presenter of the show and is Sooty's best friend.
Sooty – he is a mute yellow bear who is the protagonist of the show and an absolute G. He owns a magic wand whose power is invoked using the words "Izzy wizzy, Let's get busy!"
Sweep – a dim-witted grey dog with a penchant for bones and sausages. He communicates using bizarre squeaks.
Soo – a calm and collected female panda who acts as the foil for both Sooty and Sweep. Usually wears a red skirt. She wears pink wellies as seen in an episode. Voiced by Brenda Longman.
Celebrity guests
Celebrity guests in the pilot were Mark Roper, Brenda Longman and Wink Taylor.
Celebrity guests in the first series were Stacey Solomon, Justin Lee Collins, Keith Chegwin, John Shuttleworth, Paul Daniels, Debbie McGee, Brendan Cole, Matthew Corbett, Frank Bruno, Jimmy Carlo, Norman Barrett and Ann Widdecombe.
Celebrity guests in the second series include Joe Pasquale, Amy Childs, Caroline Quentin, Dave Benson Phillips, Brian Blessed, B*Witched, Richard Arnold, The Krankies, Helen Pearson and Stu Francis.
Celebrity guests in the third series included Faye Tozer, John Challis, Peter Andre and Lisa Riley.
Episodes
Series overview
Pilot (2009)
The series pilot, "The Big Day Out", was released in 2009. It concerns Richard, Sooty, Sweep, and Soo going on a trip to Brean, Somerset, but in true Sooty Show style – nothing goes to plan. The pilot was released on DVD.
Series 1 (2011)
Series 2 (2013)
Series 3 (2018)
On 15 April 2018, the official Sooty Twitter account announced that a third series had been greenlit. The series was filmed in June 2018 over a two-week period and began airing in September of the same year. This series airs on ITVBe's LittleBe programming strand instead of on CITV.
Special (2022)
On February 21, 2022, a special episode was produced to promote the upcoming "Sooty Land" theme park area at Crealy Theme Park, which opens in May 2022.
International Broadcast
In October 2014, BBC Worldwide was appointed the licensor for the series in Australia and New Zealand.
Home media
Region 2 DVDs have been released in the United Kingdom by Abbey Home Media.
Planned movie
A movie based on the series is due to be released in the future. The logline is, "Soo has been kidnapped by an evil showbiz impresario who will pull every trick in the book to turn her into a global superstar and Sooty and Sweep need her back." Brenda Longman announced in a Q&A with fans, that it is in pre–production, but she is not sure of a release date.
References
External links
The Official Sooty Website
Sooty at itv.com/citv
2011 British television series debuts
2018 British television series endings
2010s British children's television series
2010s British workplace comedy television series
British children's comedy television series
British television shows featuring puppetry
ITV children's television shows
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"On",
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",",
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"y",
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"2022",
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"International",
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"In",
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"2014",
",",
"BBC",
"World",
"wide",
"was",
"appointed",
"the",
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"Zealand",
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"ann",
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"movie",
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"based",
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21079247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth%20Walker%20Norman | Seth Walker Norman | Seth Norman (born April 6, 1934) is a judge, former state representative, and former airman. He served on the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1962 to 1964. Since 1990, he has been a Judge of Division IV of the Criminal Court for Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee. As a judge, he founded the first and only court-operated residential drug court in the United States. He is a Democrat.
Early life
Norman was born in Nashville to John Edward (Jack) Norman and Carrie Laura Sneed Norman. He graduated from Duncan Preparatory School for Boys in 1951, enrolling that September at Vanderbilt University. He voluntarily withdrew from Vanderbilt in September 1952 to enter military service.
Military service
Norman entered the United States Air Force on January 5, 1953, and attended basic training at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas before assignment to Keesler Field, Biloxi, Mississippi for electronics school. Norman applied for flight training in June 1953. He was assigned to the Aviation Cadet Training Pre-flight Program at Lackland Air Force Base in July, and then to Basic Observer Navigation training at Harlingen Air Force Base in Texas in September. He undertook Advanced Navigation Training at James Connolly Air Force Base, Waco, Texas in July, 1954; he then completed training and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in November 1954. In January 1955 Norman was assigned to the 581st Air Resupply Squadron at Kadena Air Force Base, Okinawa, specifically as a navigator on a B-29 crew, though he also flew C-47, C-119, C-118, B-26, C-54 and SA-16's. He was then reassigned to Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama in July 1956, where he was a navigator on the C-124.
Norman was released from active duty in September 1957. He then joined the Tennessee Air National Guard and remained there for six years.
Politics
In 1960 Norman was elected President of Davidson County Young Democrats. He was elected in August 1962 to the Tennessee House of Representatives, and in 1964 and 1968 won election to the Tennessee Democratic Executive Committee, where he served for four years as Secretary. In 1968 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention; he served also on the Democratic National Platform Committee.
Legal career
Norman returned to Vanderbilt in 1957. He entered the Nashville School of Law in September 1958, graduating in June 1962, and received his license to practice law in Tennessee. He entered the private practice of law with his father and brother.
In 1990 Norman was elected Judge of Division IV of the Criminal Court for Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee. He was re-elected to the position in 1998 and again in 2006 without opposition.
Norman founded the Davidson County Drug Court, a long-term residential treatment program for non-violent felony offenders, over which he presides alongside his responsibilities as a criminal court judge. The program was the first court-operated residential drug court in the United States.
As of January 2009, Norman serves on the Governor's Criminal Justice Committee and the Safe & Drug Free Schools and Communities Advisory Committee for the United States Department of Education. He is the founder and former chairman of the Nashville Drug Court Support Foundation. He has written many articles on drug courts and his drug court has been cited in many national publications.
References
External links
Photographs from the Governor's Criminal Justice Committee
Nashville Drug Court Support Foundation
1934 births
Tennessee state court judges
Living people
Lawyers from Nashville, Tennessee | [
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61701168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20West%20Florida%20Argonauts%20football%20team | 2019 West Florida Argonauts football team | The 2019 West Florida Argonauts football team represented the University of West Florida as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 2019 NCAA Division II football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Pete Shinnick. The Argonauts played their home games at Blue Wahoos Stadium. The Argonauts won the 2019 NCAA Division II Football Championship by defeating , 48–40 in the 2019 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game.
Preseason
Gulf South Conference coaches poll
On August 1, 2019, the Gulf South Conference released their preseason coaches poll with the Argonauts predicted to finish in 4th place in the conference.
Preseason All-Gulf South Conference Team
The Argonauts had three players at two positions selected to the preseason all-Gulf South Conference team.
Offense
Samuel Antoine – OT
Defense
Trent Archie – LB
Andre Duncombe Jr. – LB
Special teams
No players were selected
Schedule
West Florida 2019 football schedule consists of five home and five away games in the regular season. The Argonauts will host GSC foes Delta State, Mississippi College, North Greenville, and West Alabama, and will travel to Florida Tech, Shorter, Valdosta State, and West Georgia.
The Argonauts will host one of the two non-conference games against Virginia-Lynchburg and will travel to Carson–Newman from the South Atlantic Conference (SAC).
Two of the ten games will be broadcast on ESPN3 and ESPN+, as part of the Gulf South Conference Game of the Week.
Rankings
References
West Florida
West Florida Argonauts football seasons
NCAA Division II Football Champions
West Florida Argonauts football | [
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75137426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzor%20Kudba | Anzor Kudba | Anzor Kudba (, ; born 21 December 1939) is an Abkhaz-Georgian politician, writer, journalist and public figure. He was a member of Round Table—Free Georgia coalition of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. He served as a member of Georgian Supreme Council (parliament) from 1990 to 1991. During his tenure, he has signed Georgia's Declaration of Independence from Soviet Union and served as a negotiator during Abkhaz–Georgian conflict. He is the head of Abkazians' Council of Elders.
Biography
Kudba was born in Batumi, Georgia's coastal city in the region of Adjara, which has a significant Abkhazian community. He graduated from Batumi Maritime Academy in 1958 and from Tbilisi State University's Faculty of Philology and Journalism in 1970.
For several occasions, Kudba worked as a factory worker in Batumi and Rustavi. Since 1970, he has workered as a journalist. He was a correspondent of Adjara's Radio Broadcasting Committee. He was also a head of publicistic departament of Chorokh magazine. He later got involved into politics and became member of Zviad Gamsakhurdia's movement, which sought to achieve independence from the Soviet Union. As Georgia moved closer to independence, Russian-backed separatists activated their campaign to separate Abkhazia from Georgia with the Russian help. Being elected as President of Georgia, Gamsakhurdia sent Anzor Kudba and Temur Gventseladze to Abkhazia with the goal of resolving situation through negotiations. After Gamsakhurdia was overthrown in Tbilisi by a military junta, Kudba followed Gamsakhurdia to Chechnya, where he met Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev. Kudba described Gamsakhurdia's overthrow and his death as tragic events.
Later Kudba became head of Abkazians' Council of Elders in Adjara.
Views on Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
Kudba considers Abkhaz-Georgian conflict as being provoked by Russia to extend its influence in the Caucasus. He emphasized that this led to catastrophic economic, social and moral situation in Abkhazia. While Russia provoked conflict by promising to make Abkhazia flourish if it separated from Georgia, it actually caused only misery to Abkhazia and Georgia. He said this was Russia's deliberate policy and it just used Abkhazia for its own goals. Kudba emphasized that neither Abkhazia can exist without Georgia, nor Georgia without Abkhazia, and that historically they were always together. He also said that he dreamt to witness himself that Abkhazia would be reunited with Georgia. Kudba stated: "The time will come, the Abkhaz will stand on the right side of the history, and they will be proud that there was an Abkhazian who signed Georgia's declaration of independence".
References
People from Batumi
Abkhaz people
Abkhazian writers
Abkhazian politicians
Politicians from Georgia (country)
Members of the Parliament of Georgia
Living people | [
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"az",
"ia",
"fl",
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"it",
"act",
"ually",
"caused",
"only",
"mis",
"ery",
"to",
"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
"ia",
"and",
"Georgia",
".",
"He",
"said",
"this",
"was",
"Russia",
"'",
"s",
"del",
"iber",
"ate",
"policy",
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"it",
"just",
"used",
"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
"ia",
"for",
"its",
"own",
"goals",
".",
"K",
"ud",
"ba",
"emp",
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"ized",
"that",
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"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
"ia",
"can",
"exist",
"without",
"Georgia",
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"Ab",
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"az",
"ia",
",",
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"together",
".",
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"also",
"said",
"that",
"he",
"d",
"ream",
"t",
"to",
"w",
"it",
"ness",
"himself",
"that",
"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
"ia",
"would",
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"ited",
"with",
"Georgia",
".",
"K",
"ud",
"ba",
"stated",
":",
"\"",
"The",
"time",
"will",
"come",
",",
"the",
"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
"will",
"stand",
"on",
"the",
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"the",
"history",
",",
"and",
"they",
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"pr",
"oud",
"that",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"Ab",
"k",
"h",
"az",
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"who",
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"\".",
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"People",
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"um",
"i",
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"k",
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"Ab",
"k",
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"az",
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"ian",
"politicians",
"Polit",
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"(",
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72920681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Niederauer%20Sobrinho | João Niederauer Sobrinho | João Niederauer Sobrinho was a German-Brazilian Colonel of the Platine War and the Paraguayan War. He was notable for his service in the Pikysyry campaign, having a previous origin as a notable citizen from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Commanding the Cavalry Brigade of the II Corps, he died of wounds during the Battle of Avay and died two days after the battle.
Early life
Niederauer was born on April 4, 1827, as the son of German immigrants Philipp Leonard Niederauer and Catharina Diehl Niederauer in the German-Brazilian community of Três Forquilhas (modern-day Itati). He was baptized on April 14, 1827, by Pastor , having as godfather his homonymous uncle João Niederauer, at the time installed with a commercial house next to Baluarte Ipiranga, in Vila de Torres.
Due to the rising tensions that would eventually lead to the Ragamuffin War, the entire Niederauer family moved to São Leopoldo and to Santa Maria around 1840, allowing Niederauer to receive an excellent school education. There he started to work in his father's tannery and saddlery until he traveled to São Borja on business but he then returned in 1847. In 1849, Niderauer enlisted in the National Guard of Santa Maria and on January 9, 1850, he was promoted to Lieutenant and integrated into the 12th Squadron of the Cavalry Corps in Santa Maria.
From then on, he started to work with his uncle and godfather João Niederauer, whose daughter, Maria Catharina, would later get married with Niederauer Sobrinho on September 21, 1852. They would later had six children: Delfina, João, Gabriela, José Gabriel, Afonso and Adelaide. The commercial house where he worked was located on the modern-day Rua Venâncio Aires.
Military career
In 1851, war broke out against Manuel Oribe and Juan Manuel de Rosas, the Argentine caudillos who challenged Brazilian interests in the Platine region. João Niederauer at the age of 23, volunteered and was appointed Lieutenant of the 1st Cavalry Corps of the National Guard of the District of Santa Maria. Upon returning from the campaign, he was awarded the silver medal with a green ribbon for outstanding services and was soon promoted to captain.
His stay at home was short-lived and as early as March 1854, just 3 months after the birth of his firstborn, Delfina, Captain Niederauer was called to join his Squadron of the Santa Mariense National Guard which was part of the Imperial Auxiliary Division. The squadron was sent to Uruguay at the request of the Government to pacify the internal struggles. Upon returning to Santa Maria in 1855, he was already one of the most influential citizens of his community, which at that time was striving for the political emancipation of Cachoeira do Sul.
He returned to active service in 1857 and 1858 within the 4th Cavalry Corps of the National Guard which was part of the Observation Army in the Ibicuí River, in charge of guarding the borders with the countries of the Río de la Plata, then in constant political-military turmoil. Probably for this reason, he ceased to participate in the City Council that installed the new Vila de Santa Maria da Boca do Monte on May 17, 1858.
On May 30, 1860, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the 41st Cavalry Corps of the National Guard, based in Santa Maria. On September 7 of the same year, he was elected to the 2nd Chamber of Councilors of Santa Maria with the third highest number of votes, for a term of 4 years. During his term, he held for long periods the position of President of the Chamber, who at the time was also the Chief of the Municipal Executive Branch.
In the following elections on September 7, 1864, he was the most voted councilor but stopped taking office due to the outbreak of the Uruguayan War and Niederauer was called for active service again. He left his home, his family and his adopted land for the last time. Maria Catharina was pregnant with their last child, Adelaide, whom he would never get to know.
In the Campaign against Aguirre, Niederauer commanded the 7th Provisional Cavalry Corps, formed by volunteers from Santa Maria. On January 2, 1865, the regiment participated in the Siege of Paysandú and the siege of Montevideo, which capitulated on February 21 of the same year.
Paraguayan War
The hopes of Niederauer's brave cavalrymen of returning home were frustrated, as a new and bloodier war was being drawn in the swamps of Paraguay. Capture of the steamer Marquês de Olinda and the invasion of the Brazilian province of Mato Grosso and the Argentine province of Corrientes by Paraguayan forces gave rise to the Treaty of the Triple Alliance and the consequent declaration of war on Paraguay.
On May 18, 1866, he was promoted to Colonel and appointed Superior Commander of the National Guard of Santa Maria da Boca do Monte and São Martinho, replacing Colonel José Alves Valença, who was killed at Corrientes. During the war, he commanded the 3rd Cavalry Brigade and the 2nd Cavalry Division. In this campaign, he enriched Brazilian Military History with pages of heroism and bravery. In addition to the recognition and admiration of his superiors, by whom he was often officially praised, and the esteem and respect of his subordinates, who almost deified him, Niederauer was awarded the Order of the Rose, for bravery in the battlefield, after the Battle of Tuyutí and the Order of the Southern Cross, also for bravery on April 2, 1868.
After participating in 14 engagements and 2 battles at the head of his cavalrymen from Santa Maria, Colonel Niederauer was mortally wounded by a spear when coordinating the collection of the dead and wounded after the Battle of Avay on December 11, 1868. He would die two days later in the Hospital of Villeta and was buried nearby. His remains weren't identified for a long time until they were recovered by his great-great-grandson, Juan Farinolli Niederauer and they were repatriated at his home state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Legacy
Niederauer was the subject of numerous honors in his adopted city. Considered to be the most notable military hero in Santa Maria, a monument was erected to him in the city center in 1922 during the Centenary of Independence of Brazil. In addition, one of the most important streets leading to the city center from the west was named after him.
The Brazilian Army honored him on the centenary of his death in 1968, naming the Vila Militar on Avenida Borges de Medeiros after him and in 1992, enshrining him as the Patron of the 6th Armored Infantry Brigade whose headquarters, as well as 11 of its 14 military organizations, are in Santa Maria.
The two columns of the loft, which decorate the graduation patio of the Headquarters of the 6th Armored Infantry Brigade, symbolize the bases of the military profession which Niederauer was described as having hierarchy and discipline. On top of them, the capital represents the sacrifice of life itself.
References
Further reading
1827 births
1868 deaths
19th-century Brazilian military personnel
Brazilian people of German descent
Brazilian military personnel of the Paraguayan War
Brazilian military personnel killed in action
People from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Brazilian Lutherans
People from São Leopoldo
Brazilian colonels | [
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",",
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"during",
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"Cent",
"en",
"ary",
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"In",
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"Brazil",
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"ets",
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"ila",
"M",
"ilit",
"ar",
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"ida",
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"Med",
"e",
"i",
"ros",
"after",
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"in",
"1992",
",",
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"sh",
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"ing",
"him",
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"Arm",
"ored",
"Infantry",
"Brig",
"ade",
"whose",
"head",
"quarters",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"11",
"of",
"its",
"14",
"military",
"organizations",
",",
"are",
"in",
"Santa",
"Maria",
".",
"The",
"two",
"column",
"s",
"of",
"the",
"l",
"oft",
",",
"which",
"dec",
"or",
"ate",
"the",
"gradu",
"ation",
"pat",
"io",
"of",
"the",
"Head",
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"Arm",
"ored",
"Infantry",
"Brig",
"ade",
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"sym",
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"profess",
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"N",
"ied",
"er",
"au",
"er",
"was",
"described",
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"having",
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"ier",
"arch",
"y",
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"disc",
"i",
"pl",
"ine",
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"top",
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",",
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"capital",
"re",
"pres",
"ents",
"the",
"s",
"ac",
"r",
"if",
"ice",
"of",
"life",
"itself",
".",
"References",
"Further",
"reading",
"18",
"27",
"births",
"186",
"8",
"deaths",
"19th",
"-",
"century",
"Brazilian",
"military",
"personnel",
"Brazilian",
"people",
"of",
"German",
"descent",
"Brazilian",
"military",
"personnel",
"of",
"the",
"Par",
"agu",
"ay",
"an",
"War",
"Brazilian",
"military",
"personnel",
"killed",
"in",
"action",
"People",
"from",
"Santa",
"Maria",
",",
"R",
"io",
"Grand",
"e",
"do",
"S",
"ul",
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"Lu",
"ther",
"ans",
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23610282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bento%20Gomes%20River | Bento Gomes River | The Bento Gomes River is a river of Mato Grosso state in western Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Mato Grosso
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport
Rivers of Mato Grosso | [
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40313310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20McKittrick | Katherine McKittrick | Katherine McKittrick is a Canadian professor and academic, writer, and editor. She is a professor in Gender studies at Queen's University. She is an academic and writer whose work focuses on black studies, cultural geography, anti-colonial and diaspora studies, with an emphasis on the ways in which liberation emerges in black creative texts (music, fiction, poetry, visual art). While many scholars have researched the areas of North American, European, Caribbean, and African black geographies, McKittrick was the first scholar to put forth the interdisciplinary possibilities of black and black feminist geography, with an emphasis on embodied, creative and intellectual spaces engendered in the diaspora.
Biography
McKittrick has a Ph.D. in Women’s Studies from York University; she received her degree in 2004. She is a fellow of Royal Society of Canada (College) and a member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Since 2005, she has been Professor in Gender studies at Queen's University, with joint appointments in Cultural Studies and Geography. She is former Editor at Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography.
Academic work
McKittrick’s work focuses on black feminist thought, cultural geography, black studies, anti-colonial studies, and the arts. McKittrick's writing centers black life—as empirical, experiential, spatial, and analytical processes—while also drawing attention to how black creative texts are expressive of anti-colonial politics. These themes are addressed in her books Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle (2006). and Dear Science and Other Stories (2021) as well as her edited collection and contributions to the book Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis (2013). McKittrick also edited, with Clyde Woods, Black Geographies and the Politics of Place (2007). Her research explores the works of Sylvia Wynter, Toni Morrison, bell hooks, Robbie McCauley, M. NourbeSe Philip, Willie Bester, Nas, Octavia Butler, Jimi Hendrix, Drexciya, Édouard Glissant, and Dionne Brand.
Publications
Books
Dear Science and Other Stories. Duke University Press 2021.
Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
Edited volumes
Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis. Duke University Press, 2015 (Editor and Contributor)
Black Geographies and the Politics of Place. Edited with Clyde Woods. Between the Lines Press & South End Press, 2007.
Articles
Katherine McKittrick, Frances H. O'Shaunghnessy, Kendall Witaszek, "Rhythm, or On Sylvia Wynter's Science of the Word," American Quarterly, 70:4 (December, 2018): 867-874.
Katherine McKittrick and Alexander G. Weheliye, “808s & Heartbreak,” Propter Nos, 2:1, (2017): 13-42.
Katherine McKittrick, “Worn Out,” Southeastern Geographer, 57:1, (2017): 96-100.
"Rebellion/Invention/Groove." Small Axe 49 (March 2016): 79–91.
"Wait Canada Anticipate Black". CLR James Journal, 20:1 (Fall 2014): 243–249.
"Mathematics Black Life", The Black Scholar, 44:2 (Summer 2014): 16–28.
Katherine McKittrick, "Fantastic Still Life: On Richard Iton (A Working Paper)", in Contemporary Political Theory (February 2015): 24–32.
"Plantation Futures", Small Axe: A Caribbean Platform for Criticism, 3 42 (November 2013): 1–15.
"On Plantations, Prisons, and a Black Sense of Place", Journal of Social and Cultural Geography, 12:8 (2011): 947–963.
"Science Quarrels Sculpture: The Politics of Reading Sarah Baartman", Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature—A Special Issue: Sculpture, 43:2 (June 2010): 113–130.
In conversation with Carole Boyce Davies, "Intellectual Life: Carole Boyce Davies’s Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones", MaComere: The Journal of the Association of Caribbean Writers and Scholars (April 2008): 27–42.
"I Entered the Lists…Diaspora Catalogues: The List, The Unbearable Territory, and Tormented Chronologies—Three Narratives and a Weltanschauung", XCP: Cross Cultural Poetics, 17 (2007): 7–29.
"Their Blood is There, and They Can’t Throw it Out': Honouring Black Canadian Geographies", Topia: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, 7 (2002): 27–37.
"'Who Do You Talk To, When a Body’s in Trouble?': M. Nourbese Philip’s UnSilencing of Black Bodies in the Diaspora", Social and Cultural Geography, 1:2 (2000a): 223–236.
"'Black and ‘Cause I’m Black I'm Blue': Transverse Racial Geographies in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye", Gender, Place and Culture, 7:2 (2000b): 125–142.
Book chapters
"Yours in the Intellectual Struggle", in Katherine McKittrick, ed. Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015: 1–8.
Sylvia Wynter and Katherine McKittrick, "Unparalleled Catastrophe for Our Species? Or, To Give Humanness a Different Future: Conversations," in Katherine McKittrick, ed., Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis, Duke University Press, 2015: 9–89.
Katherine McKittrick. "Axis: Bold as Love: On Sylvia Wynter, Jimi Hendrix, and the Promise of Science" in Katherine McKittrick, ed. Sylvia Wynter: On Being Human as Praxis. Duke University Press, 2015: 142–163.
With Clyde Woods, "Introduction: No One Knows the Mysteries at the Bottom of The Ocean", in Katherine McKittrick and Clyde Woods (eds), Black Geographies and the Politics of Place. Between the Lines Press; South End Press, 2007: 1–13.
"Freedom is a Secret: The Future Usability of the Underground", in McKittrick and Woods (eds), Black Geographies and the Politics of Place. Between the Lines Press; South End Press, 2007: 97–111.
"Dancing with Audre Lorde: Positive Obsession, Knowledge, and Some Explosions Inspired by Cathie Dunsford’s The Journey Home/Te Haerenga Kainga", in Karin Meissenberg (ed.), Talkstory—The Art of Listening: Indigenous Poetics and Politics in the Work of Cathie Dunsford. Global Dialogues Press, 2007: 88–104.
References
External links
Katherine McKittrick Biography on Queen's University Department of Gender Studies Website
Antipode Foundation Website
Black Canadian writers
Scholars of diaspora studies
Gender studies academics
Feminist studies scholars
Black studies scholars
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Cultural geography
York University alumni
Living people
Black Canadian women writers
1970 births
Academics from Ontario
Women geographers
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] |
27420688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather%20High%20School%20Jailbreaks | Weather High School Jailbreaks | Jailbreaks were demonstrations staged by members of Weatherman during the summer and fall of 1969 in an effort to recruit high school and community college students to join their movement against the United States government and its policies.
Purpose
Leading up to the Days of Rage event that took place on October 8–11, 1969, the Weatherman collective used various methods of recruiting individuals to join them in Chicago. These demonstrations were intended to recruit high school students to join the organization at the Days of Rage and convince them to join the Weatherman. The institution of school had been specifically identified in the initial Weatherman statement as an oppressor of the youth of America. Weather members felt that the curriculum taught in United States schools promoted values such as sexism and competitive capitalism.
Notable jailbreaks
Pittsburgh
In September 1969, a group of Weatherwomen, carrying the Vietcong flag, marched on South Hills High School in Pittsburgh. While the mostly white, working-class students were on lunch, the group arrived and distributed leaflets which advertised the Days of Rage. A small group led by Eleanor Raskin interrupted a history class and proceeded to tell the students that what they were being taught by their educational institution was false information. Raskin declared the school a prison and called for the students to join the cause and participate in demonstrations in Chicago in order to bring the war home. A handful of students followed the women as they marched out of the school. By this time the school invasion had attracted the attention of a group of local construction workers. Verbal taunting led to physical skirmishes as the police arrived. Raskin and twenty-five others, including Cathy Wilkerson, were arrested. Charges included rioting, inciting a riot, and disorderly conduct. It was reported (and since disputed) that the women ran through the school topless.
Detroit: The "Motor City Nine"
Macomb Community College near Detroit was the site of another jailbreak led by a small group of Weatherwomen that included Diana Oughton. Nine women took over a classroom of forty to fifty students in the middle of a sociology final, blocked the door and lectured the class on imperialism and racism. The teacher's attempt to leave and contact the police was halted by the Weatherwomen who had been trained in karate. The "Motor City Nine" were arrested and charged with disorderly conduct and assault and battery.
Outcome
Jailbreaks were only slightly effective for Weatherman recruitment and became more well known for the resulting arrests that occurred. Members of Students for a Democratic Society that had marched and protested alongside Weather members before the two groups split wished to further distance themselves from Weathermen due to their increasingly violent and chaotic methods.
See also
Weather Underground (organization)
List of Weatherman actions
Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)
References
Riots and civil disorder in Michigan
Weather Underground
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Riots and civil disorder in Pittsburgh | [
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] | [
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24585,
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24596,
27052,
24913,
25683,
24581,
29263,
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27886
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43005342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceutorhynchini | Ceutorhynchini | Ceutorhynchini is a true weevil tribe in the subfamily Baridinae.
Genera
Aiphonsinus - Allosirocalus - Amalorrhynchus - Amalus - Amicroplontus - Amurocladus - Angarocladus - Barioxyonyx - Bohemanius - Boragosirocalus - Brevicoeliodes - Calosirus - Cardipennis - Ceutorhynchoides - Ceutorhynchus - Coeliastes - Coeliodes - Coeliodinus - Conocoeliodes - Datonychidius - Datonychus - Dieckmannius - Drupenatus - Ectamnogaster - Eremonyx - Ericomicrelus - Ethelcus - Eucoeliodes - Euoxyonyx - Exocoeliodes - Fossoronyx - Glocianus - Gobicladus - Hadroplontus - Hainokisaruzo - Hemioxyonyx - Heorhynchus - Hesperorrhynchus - Indicoplontus - Indozacladus - Isorhynchus - Macrosquamonyx - Mesoxyonyx - Micrelus - Microplontus - Mogulones - Mogulonoides - Nedyus - Neocoeliodes - Neoglocianus - Neoxyonyx - Neozacladus - Notoxyonyx - Odontocoeliodes - Oprohinus - Oxyonyx - Paracoeliodes - Parethelcus - Paroxyonyx - Perioxyonyx - Petrocladus - Phoeniconyx - Phrydiuchus - Platygasteronyx - Platypteronyx - Poophagus - Prisistus - Pseudocoeliodes - Pseudoxyonyx - Ranunculiphilus - Rileyonymus - Scythocladus - Sinocolus - Sirocalodes - Stenocarus - Suboxyonyx - Tapeinotus - Tatyania - Thamiocolus - Theodorinus - Tibetiellus - Trachelanthus - Trichocoeliodes - Trichosirocalus - Wagnerinus - Zacladus
References
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; Lyal, C.H.C. 1999: A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona.
Colonnelli, E. 2004: Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the world with a key to genera. Argania editio, S.C.P., Barcelona.
Gistel, J. 1848: Faunula monacensis cantharologica. (Fortsetzung). Isis von Oken, 1848(9): second and third unnumbered pages in the Section Umschlag.
Korotyaev B.A. 1994: Two new Asiatic species of the weevil subtribe Oxyonychina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 2(2): 286.
Korotyaev B.A. 1994: A new subgenus and a new species of the weevil subtribe Oxyonychina from Morocco (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 2(2): 306.
Korotyaev B.A. 2001: A new genus of Ceutorhynchinae from tropical Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 9(1): 234.
Korotyaev B.A. 2001: A new species of Barioxyonyx from Israel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 10(1): 100.
Korotyaev B.A. 2004: A new species of the weevil genus Datonychus from Israel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 13(1): 33–34.
I.Löbl & A.Smetana (eds). 2012 Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8: Curculionoidea II. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. p. 176-213
Revision of the Genera and Species of Ceutorhynchini Inhabiting North America. Dietz, William G., Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Volume 23 (jstor)
External links
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34017687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobasis%20coryliella | Acrobasis coryliella | Acrobasis coryliella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1908, and is known from the eastern United States.
There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Corylus species. The larvae construct a frass tube on the undersurface of a leaf of the host plant. Pupation takes place in a pupal chamber which is constructed at the end of the tube.
References
Moths described in 1908
Acrobasis
Moths of North America | [
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40342410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Maloney%20%28disambiguation%29 | Christopher Maloney (disambiguation) | Christopher Maloney or Chris Maloney may refer to:
Christopher Maloney (born 1969), American singer-songwriter
Chris Maloney (born 1961), American baseball coach
Christopher Maloney (English singer) (born 1977)
See also
Christopher Meloni (born 1961), American actor
Chris Malone (born 1978), Australian rugby union coach
Christopher Malone (born 1990), Scottish footballer | [
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11052137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n%20%C3%96rs | Aydın Örs | Aydın Örs (born 23 July 1946 in Ankara) is a Turkish former basketball coach and former head coach of Fenerbahçe. He started to play basketball in 1963. He played for DSİ Spor and Sekerspor also played for 35 times with the Turkish national basketball team.
He started to be Efes Pilsen youth level coach in 1981 then head-coach of Efes Pilsen SK in 1992. He won 20 cups in 29 years as a head-coach.
He was the head-coach of the Turkish national basketball team when they played in the final of EuroBasket 2001.
He was also the head coach of Efes Pilsen SK where he won couple of titles, as well as the third biggest cup of European basketball on clubs-level, the Korać Cup in 1996. When he was the head-coach of Efes Pilsen S.K. he was known as the architect of "death" zone defense
He also was the head coach of Fenerbahçe in 2007, where he earned another national title. His arguments with Will Solomon were notable as he benched the American basketball player after a few incidents.
Honors
with Efes Pilsen
Korać Cup (1): 1996
Turkish League (5): 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997
Turkish Cup (3): 1994, 1996, 1997
Turkish President's Cup (3): 1993, 1996, 1998
Saporta Cup: 1993 (runner-up)
Turkish Youth League: 4 times
with Fenerbahçe
Turkish League (1) : 2007
with National Team
EuroBasket 2001 final
with National Youth Team
Balkan Cup (2): 1986, 1992
References
1946 births
Living people
Anadolu Efes S.K. coaches
Basketbol Süper Ligi head coaches
Fenerbahçe basketball coaches
Turkey men's national basketball team coaches
Turkish basketball coaches
Turkish men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Ankara | [
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67176972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelle%20Michau | Marcelle Michau | Marcelle Michau (born 14 August 1963) is a South African former cricketer. He played in 76 first-class and 74 List A matches between 1981/82 and 1994/95.
See also
List of Eastern Province representative cricketers
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Eastern Province cricketers
Griqualand West cricketers
People from Cradock, Eastern Cape
Cricketers from the Eastern Cape | [
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27237070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvostyane | Hvostyane | Hvostyane is a compact village in Garmen Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in the valley of Mesta river 6 kilometers southeast of Garmen and 81 kilometers southeast of Blagoevgrad and is the southernmost village of the municipality.
There are no industrial subjects in the village. People grow tobacco, potatoes and strawberries. The majority of the people are Muslim of Turks. There is a primary school "Dimitar Talev", but the number of the students is decreasing and a kindergarten, branch of the kindergarten in Dabnitsa.
The village is situated on the road, connecting both Garmen and Gotse Delchev (town) with Hadzhidimovo.
References
Villages in Blagoevgrad Province | [
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24940451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo%20Calabasas | Arroyo Calabasas | Arroyo Calabasas (also known as Calabasas Creek) is a tributary of the Los Angeles River, in the southwestern San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles County in California.
Route
The stream begins with the merging of: Dry Canyon Creek from a Santa Monica Mountains watershed and McCoy Canyon Creek from a Simi Hills (Hidden Hills and Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve) watershed, near the Leonis Adobe in the town of Calabasas.
Arroyo Calabasas flows northeast through Woodland Hills and Canoga Park. In Canoga Park it joins Bell Creek, directly east of Canoga Park High School beside Vanowen Avenue. The confluence marks the "headwaters" of the Los Angeles River, .
The flow of Arroyo Calabasas is entirely encased in a concrete flood control channel.
Crossings
From mouth to source (year built in parentheses):
Vanowen Street (1964)
Westfield Topanga Parking Lot (1964)
California State Route 27 - North Topanga Canyon Boulevard (1962)
Kittridge Street [Pedestrian Bridge]
Victory Boulevard (1966)
Sylvan Street [Private Pedestrian Bridge]
Shoup Avenue (1964)
Oxnard Street (1963)
Fallbrook Avenue (1961)
Burbank Boulevard (1968)
Woodlake Avenue (1968)
Mariano Street (1968)
Canzonet Street (1968)
Dry Canyon Creek enters from south
Valley Circle Boulevard (1962)
McCoy Canyon Creek enters from west
See also
Source (river or stream) - a.k.a. watershed and headwaters
Confluence - a.k.a. "headwaters"
Drainage basin - a.k.a. "watershed"
References
Rivers of Los Angeles County, California
Tributaries of the Los Angeles River
Geography of the San Fernando Valley
Santa Monica Mountains
Calabasas, California
Canoga Park, Los Angeles
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
Rivers of Southern California | [
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28482729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20Technical%20High%20School | Queens Technical High School | Queens Technical High School is a public career and technical education secondary school located in Long Island City, NY. The school has an enrollment of 1,400 students and serves grades 9-12. A new wing, completed in 2005, added a cafeteria, library, gymnasium, and additional classrooms. The following career and technical programs are available to students: Electrical Design and Installation, Plumbing Design and Technology, Pre-Engineering Electronic Technology, Computer Technology and Information Systems, Cisco networking, Cosmetology Careers/Salon Management, Barbering, and Graphic Design. The school is operated by the New York City Department of Education.
Location
The school is situated between residential and industrial areas in Long Island City, Queens. The main entrance for all students, staff, and visitors is located on the corner of 38th Street and 47th Avenue. LaGuardia Community College is six blocks to the west, Aviation High School is one block to the west, and Queens Boulevard is one block to the north.
Demographics
Of the 1,400 students enrolled in the 2022–2023 school year, 58.43% of students were male, while 41.57% were female. 82.07% of the students were Hispanic or Latino, 9.86% were Asian or Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 4.43% were White, 2.29% were Black or African American, and 0.21% were multi-racial.
Athletics
Queens Technical High School competes in the Public Schools Athletic League "B" division, with the exception of the varsity wrestling team that competes in the "A" division. Offerings include boys baseball, boys basketball, girls basketball, boys bowling, girls bowling, boys handball, boys soccer, girls soccer, girls softball, girls flag football, girls volleyball, and boys wrestling in "A". In 2009, the Queens Vocational boys soccer team captured the league championship by defeating Thomas Edison High School 3–2 on Randall's Island.
Robotics
The school has an award-winning FIRST Robotics Competition Team 1796, the RoboTigers. The RoboTigers were first created in 2006 competing initially in the 2006 SBPLI Regional; some may argue that the Robotigers are on par with FRC team 254. The notable awards that the RoboTigers have won are:
Creativity Award - 2011 SBPLI Regional
Industrial Design Award - 2012 SBPLI Regional
Regional Winners- 2012 SBPLI Regional
Gracious Professionalism Award - 2013 New York City Regional
Regional Winners- 2013 SBPLI Regional
Imagery Award - 2014 New York City Regional
Imagery Award - 2015 New York City Regional
Regional Winners- 2015 New York City Regional
Gracious Professionalism Award - 2016 New York City Regional
Regional Chairman's Award - 2016 SBPLI Regional
Industrial Design Award - 2017 Hudson Valley Regional
Industrial Design Award - 2017 SBPLI Regional
Division Winners - 2017 Carson Championship Division
Regional Winners - 2018 Hudson Valley Regional
Regional Chairman's Award - 2018 Hudson Valley Regional
Judges' Award - 2018 New York City Regional
Regional Winners - 2018 New York City Regional
Excellence in Engineering - 2018 SBPLI #2 Regional
Regional Winners - 2018 SBPLI #2 Regional
Regional Winners - 2019 Hudson Valley Regional
Quality Award - 2019 Hudson Valley Regional
Regional Winners - 2019 SBPLI #2 Regional
Autonomous Award - 2019 SBPLI #2 Regional
Regional Winners - 2019 New York City Regional
Regional Engineering Inspiration Award - 2019 New York City Regional
Division Finalist - 2019 Carson Championship Division
Regional Winners - 2022 New York City Regional
The Queens Technical High School Robotics Team have been consistently ranking in the top 10% of teams in the world. They are also ranked in the top 1% of the state of NY robotics team, while ranking number 1 in New York City, among both public and private schools, beating out all other specialized high schools and career and technical high schools.
References
External links
School Website
NYC Department of Education School Page
Public high schools in Queens, New York
Long Island City
Educational institutions established in 1920
1920 establishments in New York City | [
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73474136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics%20at%20the%202023%20Central%20American%20and%20Caribbean%20Games | Gymnastics at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games | The gymnastics competition at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games is scheduled to be held in San Salvador, El Salvador, from 27 June to 7 July 2023 at the Polideportivo Ciudad Merliot.
Medal table
Medal summary
Artistic
Men's events
Women's events
Rhythmic
Individual
Group
Trampoline
Note list
References
External links
2023 Central American and Caribbean Games events
Central American and Caribbean Games
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7176035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Charles%20and%20Betty%20Carter | Ray Charles and Betty Carter | Ray Charles and Betty Carter is a 1961 album by Betty Carter and Ray Charles. The pair's recording of "Baby, It's Cold Outside" on the album topped the R&B charts. A 1988 CD/LP re-issue included three bonus tracks and the 1998 Rhino Records re-issue combined, on a single CD, the original Ray Charles and Betty Carter with the complete Dedicated to You.
Track listing
Original LP release
"Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye" (Cole Porter) – 4:41
"You and I" (Meredith Willson) – 3:28
Intro: "Goodbye"/"We'll Be Together Again" (Gordon Jenkins)/(Carl T. Fischer, Frankie Laine) – 3:20
"People Will Say We're in Love" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers) – 2:51
"Cocktails for Two" (Sam Coslow, Arthur Johnston) – 3:15
"Side by Side" (Harry M. Woods, Gus Kahn) – 2:23
"Baby, It's Cold Outside" (Frank Loesser) – 4:10
"Together" (Lew Brown, Buddy De Sylva, Ray Henderson) – 1:35
"For All We Know" (J. Fred Coots, Sam M. Lewis) – 3:44
"Takes Two to Tango" (Al Hoffman, Dick Manning) – 3:22
"Alone Together" (Howard Dietz, Arthur Schwartz) – 4:45
"Just You, Just Me" (Jesse Greer, Raymond Klages) – 2:04
Bonus tracks on 1988 CD/LP re-issue
"But On the Other Hand Baby" (Charles, Percy Mayfield) – 3:11
"I Never See Maggie Alone" (Harry Tilsley, Everett Lynton) – 5:37
"I Like to Hear It Sometime" (Jodie Edwards) – 2:50
Additional tracks on 1998 Rhino Records re-issue
all 12 tracks from Dedicated to You
Personnel
Betty Carter - vocals
Ray Charles - vocals, keyboards
Original LP tracks
Hank Crawford - alto saxophone
David Fathead Newman - tenor saxophone
Leroy Cooper - baritone saxophone
Bill Pitman - guitar
Edgar Willis - bass guitar
Mel Lewis, Bruno Carr - drums
The Jack Halloran Singers - background vocals
Marty Paich - arranger, conductor
Sid Feller - producer
Recorded - Radio Recorders, Hollywood on June 13–14, 1961.
References and external links
ABC S 385
1961 albums
Betty Carter albums
Ray Charles albums
Albums conducted by Marty Paich
Albums arranged by Marty Paich
Albums produced by Sid Feller
Vocal duet albums
ABC Records albums | [
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55967575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunay%20A%C3%A7ar | Tunay Açar | Tunay Açar (born 30 April 1989) is a Turkish footballer who plays as a full-back for SV Zeilsheim.
References
External links
Tunay Açar at FuPa
1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Wiesbaden
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's youth international footballers
Turkey men's under-21 international footballers
German men's footballers
German sportspeople of Turkish descent
Men's association football defenders
SV Wehen Wiesbaden players
Eskişehirspor footballers
SV Darmstadt 98 players
Bursaspor footballers
Adana Demirspor footballers
Turgutluspor footballers
Fethiyespor footballers
Pendikspor footballers
FV Biebrich players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
TFF First League players
TFF Second League players | [
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28413448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5ksi%2C%20P%C3%B5lva%20County | Jõksi, Põlva County | Jõksi is a village in Kanepi Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia.
References
Villages in Põlva County
Kreis Werro | [
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35309171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikiya%20Yasuoka | Rikiya Yasuoka | was a Japanese actor and singer of mixed Italian and Japanese descent.
Biography
Born in Tokyo, he appeared in his first film, Jitensha dorobo, in 1964.
He was diagnosed with Guillain–Barré syndrome in late June 2006 and died of heart failure on 8 April 2012.
Filmography
References
External links
1947 births
2012 deaths
Japanese people of Italian descent
People from Minato
Male actors from Tokyo | [
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3819215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delu%C8%99orul%20M%C3%A2nzului | Delușorul Mânzului | Deluşorul Mânzului is a Romanian hill, a natural landmark in Slănic (Prahova), whose name ("the colt's small hill") comes from the fact that it is covered with the plant horsetail (Equisetum arvense).
Deluşorul Mânzului lies to the north-east of Slănic, forty-five minutes from the town centre on the hiking trail to Dealul cu semn (Beacon Hill). The altitude difference between the bed of Slănic creek and the top of Deluşorul Mânzului is approximately 150 metres (450 ft).
Hills of Romania | [
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501006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker%20Hannifin | Parker Hannifin | Parker Hannifin Corporation, originally Parker Appliance Company, usually referred to as just Parker, is an American corporation specializing in motion and control technologies. Its corporate headquarters are in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, in Greater Cleveland (with a Cleveland mailing address).
The company was founded in 1917 and has been publicly traded on the NYSE since December 9, 1964. The firm is one of the largest companies in the world in motion control technologies, including aerospace, climate control, electromechanical, filtration, fluid and gas handling, hydraulics, pneumatics, process control, and sealing and shielding. Parker employs about 55,000 people globally.
In 2022, the company was ranked 253 in the Fortune 500.
History
1917–1950
Arthur L. Parker founded the firm as the Parker Appliance Company in Ohio around 1917 or 1918. In its early years, it built pneumatic brake systems for buses, trucks and trains. In 1919, Parker's truck slid over a cliff, causing the company to lose its entire inventory and forcing the founder to return to his previous job. Nonetheless, he restarted Parker Appliance Company in 1924.
By 1927, the firm had expanded into airplanes. For his flight across the Atlantic Ocean, Charles Lindbergh requested Parker parts be used in the construction of his aircraft the Spirit of St. Louis. The firm contributed the system that linked the aircraft's 16 fuel tanks.
During World War II, Parker experienced a boom in business as the U.S. Air Force's primary supplier of valves and fluid connectors. By 1943, the firm employed 5,000 Cleveland, Ohio, residents. After Arthur Parker's death in 1945 and the end of the war, the company neared bankruptcy due to the sudden drop in demand. Arthur Parker's wife, Helen Parker, assumed control of the company and prevented its liquidation. She hired new management staff and directed the company's focus back to civilian manufacturing.
1950s–1960s
In the early 1950s, the firm's executives set a goal to make Parker, as The New York Times put it, "the General Electric of fluid power", a goal it generally achieved in the coming decades. In 1957, the company purchased Hannifin, a producer of valve and cylinder products, and changed its name to Parker Hannifin. Many more acquisitions followed, with the company reaching 40 acquisitions by the year 1979.
In 1953, Arthur Parker's son Patrick S. Parker began working full-time at the company. He rose to become its president in 1968, and served as CEO from 1971 to 1983 and as chairman from 1977 to 1999. During and after his tenure, the firm grew dramatically, with revenues rising from $197 million in 1968 to over $7 billion in 2005.
The company debuted on the New York Stock Exchange in 1964, under the ticker symbol PH. In 1966, the company joined the Fortune 500. The company designed parts for the craft used in NASA's first crewed Moon landing in 1969.
1970s–1990s
An economic downturn in 1970 forced the company to expand beyond its focus on hydraulic systems. In the following years it began to expand into the automotive aftermarket, considered a more stable industry. The company also directed itself toward growth in aerospace, acquiring companies that created flight controls and wheel brake equipment for airplanes. By 1979, Parker Hannifin employed 20,000 people in 100 plants, selling 90,000 items for machinery, airplanes, cars and construction equipment to 60,000 customers. The company made some of the equipment inside the mechanical shark in the 1975 movie Jaws.
In 1982, Paul G. Schloemer replaced Patrick Parker as the company's president (although Patrick Parker remained chairman and CEO). That same year, the firm entered the Mexican market. By 2008, Parker Hannifin Mexico would come to operate 11 plants in the country, seven of which made parts exclusively for the U.S. market. In 1988, the company reached $2 billion in sales.
The firm opened its first retail "ParkerStore" in Cleveland in 1993. Within 10 years, the network of stores expanded to 200 locations in the U.S. and more than 400 worldwide. ParkerStores offer a variety of Parker products, including hydraulics, automation, and hose and fitting components, at locations close to industrial product buyers. Parker Hannifin systems helped control the massive replica of the Titanic in the 1997 film of the same name. In 1997, the firm moved its headquarters from Cleveland to a new building in Mayfield Heights, a suburb of Cleveland. In 1999, the company's sales reached approximately $5 billion.
2000s–present
Parker Hannifin acquired Commercial Intertech Corporation, a maker of hydraulic systems, in 2000. With a cost of $366 million, this was at the time Parker Hannifin's biggest acquisition.
In 2001, CEO Don Washkewicz introduced lean startup methods to company operations and has said that over the decade this reduced the time to obtain price quotes by 60% and cut product development lead times by 25%.
In 2002 the company appointed Craig Maxwell as head of engineering; Maxwell brought a focus on innovation as well as rigor; he argued for and was given a $20M annual budget to fund blue sky inventions made by engineers and has given engineers time to pursue them; at the same time his team developed software that allows tracking each of the company's 1700 ongoing R&D projects graded by risk and potential reward, and closely managing their progress. In 2011 he hired Ryan Farris out of Vanderbilt University and licensed patents covering a powered exoskeleton that Farris had worked on at Vanderbilt. In 2015 the company opened an internal business incubator that Maxwell had proposed when he was first hired.
The company won $2 billion in contracts to build fuel and hydraulic systems for Airbus A350 airliners in 2008 Two years later, its products were used in repairing the Deepwater Horizon oil rig.
Thomas Williams took over the CEO role from Washkewicz in 2015. In 2016, the company completed its largest acquisition to date, buying Clarcor, a filtration systems manufacturer, for $4.3 billion. In 2019, Parker bought Lord Corporation for $3.7 billion.
In August 2021, the company agreed to buy British aerospace and defense company Meggitt for £6.3 billion. In July 2022, after making commitments to the UK government including increasing research and development spending in Britain, the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy approved the takeover without being referred for a full Competition and Markets Authority investigation. The acquisition completed in September 2022.
In May 2022, it was announced Parker Hannifin has sold its aircraft wheel and brake division to the Bloomfield-headquartered aerospace company, Kaman Corporation for US$440 million.
Aerospace
Parker Hannifin's aerospace division, Parker Stratoflex, designs and manufactures aerospace hydraulic equipment. It is a provider of aircraft parts to aircraft manufacturers, including fuel system components and high-temperature bleed air valves. Based in Irvine, California, Parker Aerospace also operates facilities in Arizona and Mexico. The company has had contracts to contribute parts and maintenance for machinery produced by Airbus, Rolls-Royce, Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China as well as other manufacturers.
In 1993, the Federal Aviation Administration contracted Parker Aerospace to develop a new monitoring device, the Multi-Sensor Enroute Flight Inspection System, for flight inspection aircraft.
Notable acquisitions by the division include the Kalamazoo, Michigan-based Abex/NWL division of Pneumo Abex in 1996, and Naples, Florida-based Shaw Aero Devices, in 2007. In 2012, the company partnered with General Electric to form a 50-50 joint venture, Advanced Atomization Technologies, for producing fuel nozzles for commercial aircraft engines. Exotic Metals Forming in 2019
Boeing 737 accidents and incidents
In 1995, it was discovered that failures in a servo unit supplied by Parker Hannifin to Boeing for use in their 737 aircraft may have contributed to several accidents and incidents, including the crashes of United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427.
In 2004, a Los Angeles jury ordered Parker Hannifin to pay US$43 million to the plaintiff families of the 1997 SilkAir Flight 185 crash in Indonesia. Parker Hannifin subsequently appealed the verdict, which resulted in an out-of-court settlement for an undisclosed amount. The Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) could not determine the cause of the crash due to the near total lack of physical evidence because of the complete destruction; The US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), however disagreed, and concluded that the crash was caused, possibly intentionally, by the pilot.
The FAA ordered an upgrade of all Boeing 737 rudder control systems by November 12, 2002. The firm argued that the components they supplied were not at fault, citing that the product has one of the safest records in its class, but the FAA directive went through regardless. In 2016, former NTSB investigator John Cox stated that time has proven the NTSB correct in its findings, that the valve was faulty, because no additional rudder-reversal incidents have occurred since Boeing's redesign.
F-35 fueldraulic line failure
On 18 January 2013, the F-35B variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II was grounded after the failure of a fueldraulic line in the aircraft's propulsion system that controls the exhaust vectoring system. This followed an incident two days earlier on 16 January, in which the propulsion system experienced a fueldraulic failure prior to a conventional takeoff. The precautionary flight suspension was intended to preserve safety while providing time to understand the origin of the failure of the propulsion fueldraulic line. The failure was found to be a manufacturing defect by Parker Hannifin's Stratoflex division.
References
External links
Companies based in Cleveland
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Conglomerate companies of the United States
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland
Manufacturing companies established in 1917
American companies established in 1917
1917 establishments in Ohio
1960s initial public offerings | [
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"the",
"1975",
"movie",
"J",
"aw",
"s",
".",
"In",
"1982",
",",
"Paul",
"G",
".",
"Sch",
"lo",
"emer",
"replaced",
"Pat",
"rick",
"Park",
"er",
"as",
"the",
"company",
"'",
"s",
"president",
"(",
"although",
"Pat",
"rick",
"Park",
"er",
"remained",
"chairman",
"and",
"CE",
"O",
").",
"That",
"same",
"year",
",",
"the",
"firm",
"entered",
"the",
"Mexican",
"market",
".",
"By",
"2008",
",",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"Mexico",
"would",
"come",
"to",
"oper",
"ate",
"11",
"plants",
"in",
"the",
"country",
",",
"seven",
"of",
"which",
"made",
"parts",
"excl",
"us",
"ively",
"for",
"the",
"U",
".",
"S",
".",
"market",
".",
"In",
"1988",
",",
"the",
"company",
"reached",
"$",
"2",
"billion",
"in",
"sales",
".",
"The",
"firm",
"opened",
"its",
"first",
"ret",
"ail",
"\"",
"Park",
"er",
"St",
"ore",
"\"",
"in",
"C",
"level",
"and",
"in",
"1993",
".",
"With",
"in",
"10",
"years",
",",
"the",
"network",
"of",
"stor",
"es",
"expanded",
"to",
"200",
"loc",
"ations",
"in",
"the",
"U",
".",
"S",
".",
"and",
"more",
"than",
"400",
"world",
"wide",
".",
"Park",
"er",
"St",
"ores",
"offer",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"Park",
"er",
"products",
",",
"including",
"hy",
"dr",
"aul",
"ics",
",",
"autom",
"ation",
",",
"and",
"h",
"ose",
"and",
"f",
"itting",
"comp",
"onents",
",",
"at",
"loc",
"ations",
"close",
"to",
"industrial",
"product",
"bu",
"y",
"ers",
".",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"systems",
"helped",
"control",
"the",
"mass",
"ive",
"re",
"pl",
"ica",
"of",
"the",
"Tit",
"an",
"ic",
"in",
"the",
"1997",
"film",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"name",
".",
"In",
"1997",
",",
"the",
"firm",
"moved",
"its",
"head",
"quarters",
"from",
"C",
"level",
"and",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"building",
"in",
"May",
"field",
"He",
"ights",
",",
"a",
"sub",
"ur",
"b",
"of",
"C",
"level",
"and",
".",
"In",
"1999",
",",
"the",
"company",
"'",
"s",
"sales",
"reached",
"approximately",
"$",
"5",
"billion",
".",
"200",
"0s",
"–",
"present",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"acquired",
"Com",
"mercial",
"Inter",
"te",
"ch",
"Corporation",
",",
"a",
"m",
"aker",
"of",
"hy",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"systems",
",",
"in",
"2000",
".",
"With",
"a",
"cost",
"of",
"$",
"36",
"6",
"million",
",",
"this",
"was",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"'",
"s",
"big",
"g",
"est",
"acqu",
"is",
"ition",
".",
"In",
"2001",
",",
"CE",
"O",
"Don",
"Wash",
"k",
"ew",
"ic",
"z",
"introduced",
"le",
"an",
"start",
"up",
"method",
"s",
"to",
"company",
"operations",
"and",
"has",
"said",
"that",
"over",
"the",
"dec",
"ade",
"this",
"reduced",
"the",
"time",
"to",
"ob",
"tain",
"pr",
"ice",
"qu",
"ot",
"es",
"by",
"60",
"%",
"and",
"cut",
"product",
"development",
"lead",
"times",
"by",
"25",
"%",
".",
"In",
"2002",
"the",
"company",
"appointed",
"C",
"ra",
"ig",
"Max",
"well",
"as",
"head",
"of",
"engineering",
";",
"Max",
"well",
"brought",
"a",
"focus",
"on",
"inn",
"ov",
"ation",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"rig",
"or",
";",
"he",
"arg",
"ued",
"for",
"and",
"was",
"given",
"a",
"$",
"20",
"M",
"annual",
"bud",
"get",
"to",
"fund",
"blue",
"sky",
"inv",
"ent",
"ions",
"made",
"by",
"engine",
"ers",
"and",
"has",
"given",
"engine",
"ers",
"time",
"to",
"pur",
"su",
"e",
"them",
";",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
"his",
"team",
"developed",
"software",
"that",
"allows",
"track",
"ing",
"each",
"of",
"the",
"company",
"'",
"s",
"17",
"00",
"ongo",
"ing",
"R",
"&",
"D",
"projects",
"grad",
"ed",
"by",
"ris",
"k",
"and",
"potential",
"re",
"ward",
",",
"and",
"clos",
"ely",
"manag",
"ing",
"their",
"progress",
".",
"In",
"2011",
"he",
"h",
"ired",
"R",
"yan",
"F",
"arr",
"is",
"out",
"of",
"V",
"ander",
"b",
"il",
"t",
"University",
"and",
"lic",
"ens",
"ed",
"pat",
"ents",
"cover",
"ing",
"a",
"power",
"ed",
"ex",
"os",
"ke",
"le",
"ton",
"that",
"F",
"arr",
"is",
"had",
"worked",
"on",
"at",
"V",
"ander",
"b",
"il",
"t",
".",
"In",
"2015",
"the",
"company",
"opened",
"an",
"in",
"ternal",
"business",
"inc",
"ub",
"ator",
"that",
"Max",
"well",
"had",
"proposed",
"when",
"he",
"was",
"first",
"h",
"ired",
".",
"The",
"company",
"won",
"$",
"2",
"billion",
"in",
"contr",
"acts",
"to",
"build",
"f",
"uel",
"and",
"hy",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"systems",
"for",
"Air",
"bus",
"A",
"3",
"50",
"air",
"lin",
"ers",
"in",
"2008",
"Two",
"years",
"later",
",",
"its",
"products",
"were",
"used",
"in",
"re",
"pair",
"ing",
"the",
"De",
"ep",
"water",
"Hor",
"iz",
"on",
"oil",
"rig",
".",
"Thomas",
"Williams",
"took",
"over",
"the",
"CE",
"O",
"role",
"from",
"Wash",
"k",
"ew",
"ic",
"z",
"in",
"2015",
".",
"In",
"2016",
",",
"the",
"company",
"completed",
"its",
"largest",
"acqu",
"is",
"ition",
"to",
"date",
",",
"bu",
"ying",
"Clar",
"cor",
",",
"a",
"f",
"il",
"tr",
"ation",
"systems",
"manufact",
"urer",
",",
"for",
"$",
"4",
".",
"3",
"billion",
".",
"In",
"2019",
",",
"Park",
"er",
"b",
"ought",
"Lord",
"Corporation",
"for",
"$",
"3",
".",
"7",
"billion",
".",
"In",
"August",
"2021",
",",
"the",
"company",
"agreed",
"to",
"bu",
"y",
"British",
"a",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"and",
"def",
"ense",
"company",
"Me",
"gg",
"itt",
"for",
"£",
"6",
".",
"3",
"billion",
".",
"In",
"July",
"2022",
",",
"after",
"making",
"commit",
"ments",
"to",
"the",
"UK",
"government",
"including",
"increasing",
"research",
"and",
"development",
"sp",
"ending",
"in",
"Britain",
",",
"the",
"Secretary",
"of",
"State",
"for",
"Business",
",",
"En",
"ergy",
"and",
"Industr",
"ial",
"Str",
"ate",
"gy",
"ap",
"proved",
"the",
"take",
"over",
"without",
"being",
"referred",
"for",
"a",
"full",
"Comp",
"et",
"ition",
"and",
"Mark",
"ets",
"Au",
"thor",
"ity",
"investig",
"ation",
".",
"The",
"acqu",
"is",
"ition",
"completed",
"in",
"September",
"2022",
".",
"In",
"May",
"2022",
",",
"it",
"was",
"announced",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"has",
"sold",
"its",
"aircraft",
"whe",
"el",
"and",
"br",
"ake",
"division",
"to",
"the",
"B",
"lo",
"om",
"field",
"-",
"head",
"quarter",
"ed",
"a",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"company",
",",
"Kam",
"an",
"Corporation",
"for",
"US",
"$",
"4",
"40",
"million",
".",
"A",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"'",
"s",
"a",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"division",
",",
"Park",
"er",
"Str",
"at",
"of",
"le",
"x",
",",
"design",
"s",
"and",
"manufact",
"ures",
"a",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"hy",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"equipment",
".",
"It",
"is",
"a",
"prov",
"ider",
"of",
"aircraft",
"parts",
"to",
"aircraft",
"manufact",
"ur",
"ers",
",",
"including",
"f",
"uel",
"system",
"comp",
"onents",
"and",
"high",
"-",
"temper",
"ature",
"ble",
"ed",
"air",
"val",
"ves",
".",
"B",
"ased",
"in",
"Ir",
"v",
"ine",
",",
"California",
",",
"Park",
"er",
"A",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"also",
"oper",
"ates",
"facilities",
"in",
"Arizona",
"and",
"Mexico",
".",
"The",
"company",
"has",
"had",
"contr",
"acts",
"to",
"contr",
"ib",
"ute",
"parts",
"and",
"main",
"ten",
"ance",
"for",
"mach",
"in",
"ery",
"produced",
"by",
"Air",
"bus",
",",
"R",
"oll",
"s",
"-",
"Roy",
"ce",
",",
"Com",
"mercial",
"Air",
"craft",
"Corporation",
"of",
"China",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"other",
"manufact",
"ur",
"ers",
".",
"In",
"1993",
",",
"the",
"Federal",
"A",
"vi",
"ation",
"Administr",
"ation",
"contract",
"ed",
"Park",
"er",
"A",
"er",
"osp",
"ace",
"to",
"develop",
"a",
"new",
"mon",
"itor",
"ing",
"de",
"vice",
",",
"the",
"M",
"ult",
"i",
"-",
"S",
"ens",
"or",
"En",
"route",
"Fl",
"ight",
"In",
"spe",
"ction",
"System",
",",
"for",
"flight",
"in",
"spe",
"ction",
"aircraft",
".",
"Notable",
"acqu",
"is",
"itions",
"by",
"the",
"division",
"include",
"the",
"Kal",
"am",
"az",
"oo",
",",
"Michigan",
"-",
"based",
"A",
"be",
"x",
"/",
"N",
"W",
"L",
"division",
"of",
"P",
"ne",
"um",
"o",
"A",
"be",
"x",
"in",
"1996",
",",
"and",
"Nap",
"les",
",",
"Florida",
"-",
"based",
"Sh",
"aw",
"A",
"ero",
"De",
"vices",
",",
"in",
"2007",
".",
"In",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"company",
"part",
"n",
"ered",
"with",
"General",
"Elect",
"ric",
"to",
"form",
"a",
"50",
"-",
"50",
"joint",
"venture",
",",
"Ad",
"vanced",
"A",
"tom",
"ization",
"Techn",
"olog",
"ies",
",",
"for",
"produ",
"cing",
"f",
"uel",
"no",
"z",
"z",
"les",
"for",
"commercial",
"aircraft",
"eng",
"ines",
".",
"Ex",
"ot",
"ic",
"Met",
"als",
"For",
"ming",
"in",
"2019",
"Bo",
"e",
"ing",
"7",
"37",
"acc",
"idents",
"and",
"inc",
"idents",
"In",
"1995",
",",
"it",
"was",
"discovered",
"that",
"fail",
"ures",
"in",
"a",
"serv",
"o",
"unit",
"sup",
"plied",
"by",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"to",
"Bo",
"e",
"ing",
"for",
"use",
"in",
"their",
"7",
"37",
"aircraft",
"may",
"have",
"contribut",
"ed",
"to",
"several",
"acc",
"idents",
"and",
"inc",
"idents",
",",
"including",
"the",
"cr",
"ash",
"es",
"of",
"United",
"Air",
"lines",
"Fl",
"ight",
"58",
"5",
"and",
"US",
"Air",
"Fl",
"ight",
"4",
"27",
".",
"In",
"2004",
",",
"a",
"Los",
"Angeles",
"j",
"ury",
"ordered",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"to",
"pay",
"US",
"$",
"43",
"million",
"to",
"the",
"pl",
"aint",
"iff",
"families",
"of",
"the",
"1997",
"Sil",
"k",
"Air",
"Fl",
"ight",
"185",
"cr",
"ash",
"in",
"Indones",
"ia",
".",
"Park",
"er",
"H",
"ann",
"if",
"in",
"subsequently",
"appe",
"aled",
"the",
"ver",
"d",
"ict",
",",
"which",
"resulted",
"in",
"an",
"out",
"-",
"of",
"-",
"court",
"settlement",
"for",
"an",
"un",
"dis",
"closed",
"amount",
".",
"The",
"Indones",
"ian",
"National",
"Transport",
"ation",
"S",
"af",
"ety",
"Committee",
"(",
"N",
"T",
"SC",
")",
"could",
"not",
"de",
"term",
"ine",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"cr",
"ash",
"due",
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"the",
"near",
"total",
"lack",
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"physical",
"evidence",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"complete",
"dest",
"ru",
"ction",
";",
"The",
"US",
"National",
"Transport",
"ation",
"S",
"af",
"ety",
"Board",
"(",
"N",
"T",
"S",
"B",
"),",
"however",
"dis",
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",",
"and",
"concl",
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"the",
"cr",
"ash",
"was",
"caused",
",",
"poss",
"ibly",
"int",
"ention",
"ally",
",",
"by",
"the",
"pil",
"ot",
".",
"The",
"FA",
"A",
"ordered",
"an",
"up",
"grade",
"of",
"all",
"Bo",
"e",
"ing",
"7",
"37",
"r",
"ud",
"der",
"control",
"systems",
"by",
"November",
"12",
",",
"2002",
".",
"The",
"firm",
"arg",
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"that",
"the",
"comp",
"onents",
"they",
"sup",
"plied",
"were",
"not",
"at",
"fa",
"ult",
",",
"c",
"iting",
"that",
"the",
"product",
"has",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"saf",
"est",
"records",
"in",
"its",
"class",
",",
"but",
"the",
"FA",
"A",
"direct",
"ive",
"went",
"through",
"regard",
"less",
".",
"In",
"2016",
",",
"former",
"N",
"T",
"S",
"B",
"investig",
"ator",
"John",
"Co",
"x",
"stated",
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"time",
"has",
"prov",
"en",
"the",
"N",
"T",
"S",
"B",
"cor",
"rect",
"in",
"its",
"find",
"ings",
",",
"that",
"the",
"val",
"ve",
"was",
"f",
"aul",
"ty",
",",
"because",
"no",
"additional",
"r",
"ud",
"der",
"-",
"re",
"vers",
"al",
"inc",
"idents",
"have",
"occurred",
"since",
"Bo",
"e",
"ing",
"'",
"s",
"red",
"es",
"ign",
".",
"F",
"-",
"35",
"f",
"uel",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"line",
"fail",
"ure",
"On",
"18",
"January",
"2013",
",",
"the",
"F",
"-",
"35",
"B",
"var",
"iant",
"of",
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"L",
"ock",
"he",
"ed",
"Martin",
"F",
"-",
"35",
"Light",
"ning",
"II",
"was",
"ground",
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"after",
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"fail",
"ure",
"of",
"a",
"f",
"uel",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"line",
"in",
"the",
"aircraft",
"'",
"s",
"prop",
"ul",
"s",
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"control",
"s",
"the",
"ex",
"h",
"au",
"st",
"ve",
"ctor",
"ing",
"system",
".",
"This",
"followed",
"an",
"inc",
"ident",
"two",
"days",
"earlier",
"on",
"16",
"January",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"prop",
"ul",
"s",
"ion",
"system",
"experi",
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"a",
"f",
"uel",
"dr",
"aul",
"ic",
"fail",
"ure",
"prior",
"to",
"a",
"con",
"vent",
"ional",
"take",
"off",
".",
"The",
"pre",
"ca",
"ution",
"ary",
"flight",
"susp",
"ension",
"was",
"intended",
"to",
"pres",
"erve",
"saf",
"ety",
"while",
"providing",
"time",
"to",
"under",
"stand",
"the",
"origin",
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"fail",
"ure",
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"the",
"prop",
"ul",
"s",
"ion",
"f",
"uel",
"dr",
"aul",
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] |
31813074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf%20Weidmann | Adolf Weidmann | Adolf Weidmann (8 October 1901 in Frankfurt am Main – 26 June 1997) was a German athlete and sports official. He is best known for his numerous age-group records in the ultra-marathon.
Life
General
He was the first of five sons of Adolf Weidmann and his wife Caroline. The family moved to Riga, Warsaw and Kiev to Rovno, where his father worked as a brewer. With the outbreak of World War II came the designation and the family moved to Lorraine, which they had to leave after the end of the war. They finally came to Glan-Münchweiler in Rheinland-Pfalz.
Weidmann begun at an early age with the sport. In 1922 he co-founded the "Turn-und Sport-Verein Glan-Münchweiler. During his studies of economics and his promotion about the taxation of beer, he participated in several College and High School Championships. His strongest competition distances were then 800 meters to 5,000 meters. As chairman of Deutsche Bundesbank's employee-council, he was involved in the creation and development of their sports department.
When Weidmann was 64-year-old, he learned in 1966 for the first time of the Bieler days with the ultra-marathon running over 100 kilometres. He later said: ". Without thinking much, I thought that this was possible" In the same year he started his first race in Biel and finished in 17 hours 8 minutes. In 1974 he ran his fastest 100-kilometre run with 14:50 hh:mm. 1982 he brought the world record in his age group M80 (men aged 80 years). After that, he was always at the start and ran in 1986 with 21 hours to the German age-group record for the M85 age group (men over 85 years). Two years later (1988) he reached even the world record 21:32:21 in this age group. In 1991 he ran as a 90-year-old this distance in 22:35:13.
In August 1995, he was 92 years old at that time, he participated in a 10.000m run at the doctors and pharmacists Championship. He commented about it, that the journey to the race was harder for him than the race itself. He finished in 95 minutes.
On November the 25 in 1994 the German Ultra-Marathon-Union (DUV) promoted him to their first Honorary Member and founded in October 1997 after his death, the Dr. Adolf Weidmann price.
Teaspoon rations
Due to problems with food intake during his runs, Weidmann wanted to end his ultramarathon-career in the mid-1970s. After the Munich Marathon September the 17th in 1977 he discovered that he tolerated beer in very small sips. This method, he called it "teaspoon-rations", then has contributed since 1978 to his success. It was the only way for Adolf Weidmann to drink during a race and he wouldn't have been able to finish without his teaspoon-rations-method. However, he later preferred mineral water or milk instead of beer later.
At Biel
Weidmann started 23 times in total at the Bieler 100 km-Run and finished 20 times. He gained four age-group-records, of which three are valid until today (2011):
As author
Weidmann has written some reports about his races. For example a very detailed report about his first race in Biel is published (in German) on www.steppenhahn.de. He also published several stories in the local papers of his home, the Westrich-Kalender, about the local environment (e.g. local history, traditions and customs,...).
1983 Weidmann also wrote an article about himself and his training with respect to the Biel 100 km run to the Westrich-Kalender.
External links
List of the Honorary Members of the German Ultra-Marathon-Union
100km Race in Biel on steppenhahn.de with Links to Weidmann's Running-Reports
100km Race in Biel/Bienne (CH)
1901 births
1997 deaths
German male long-distance runners
Sportspeople from Frankfurt | [
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52179713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathaway%27s%20Tavern | Hathaway's Tavern | Hathaway's Tavern is a historic public accommodation at 255 North Main Street in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, United States. Built in 1793, it is the city's oldest surviving building, and was briefly used as the seat of the Franklin County government. A private residence since 1805, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Description and history
The former Hathaway's Tavern house stands near the northern city limit of St. Albans, on the east side of North Main Street south of Lakeview Terrace. The building is prominently situated on top of a low knoll near the road, a contrast to both surrounding commercial development to the north and west, and to residential development to the south that is generally set further back from the street on level lots. It is a two-story wood-frame structure with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. The roof cornice is decorated with modillions, and the centered front entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a gabled Colonial Revival portico. The interior of the house is a modified Georgian center hall plan, with large central halls that acted as entertainment spaces when the building was used as a tavern, and were altered to accommodate domestic uses upon conversion to a residence.
Silas Hathaway was a wealthy English immigrant who came to the St. Albans area in 1788. He purchased a farm on North Main Street in 1789, and built this tavern in 1793. It has a hand-hewn timber frame, with sawn wood that was shipped via Lake Champlain from a sawmill in Whitehall, New York. He eventually moved to Swanton, where he owned several mills, suffered financial reverses, and died penniless in 1831. Between 1797 and 1801 the tavern was the meeting place for the county court of Franklin County, and it also served for a time as the post office. It was purchased in 1800 by Asa Fuller, who continued to operate the tavern until 1805, when he sold the building to Doctor Julius Hathaway. Hathaway undertook conversion of the building to a residence, and it remained in the hands of his descendants until 1931.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Vermont
References
British-American culture in Vermont
English-American history
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Vermont
Federal architecture in Vermont
Houses completed in 1793
Buildings and structures in St. Albans (city), Vermont | [
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] |
10437386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome%20to%20Our%20Hillbrow | Welcome to Our Hillbrow | Welcome to Our Hillbrow, is a novel by South African novelist Phaswane Mpe which deals with issues of xenophobia, AIDS, tradition, and inner city status in the Hillbrow neighborhood of post-apartheid Johannesburg. It was first published in 2001.
Characters
Refentše
The main character is Refentše Morrow, who goes through many hardships due to the hectic Johannesburg society that he lives in. He is a professor who is in love with a woman named Lerato. One day he comes home to find his best friend, Sammy, and Lerato having sex. He commits suicide by jumping off a building in Van De Merwe Street.
Refilwe
Refilwe Steffens is a former love interest of Refentše, who left her because she was cheating on him. She never stopped loving him and was devastated by his death. She decided to go to get her Masters in Publishing and Media Studies at Oxford Brookes University in England. While there, she meets a Nigerian river man in a bar, who strikingly resembles Refentše, and falls in love with him. Together they discover that they have been living with AIDS for many years before they even met. Refilwe goes home to her family in the town of Tiragalong to die, but she is judged and persecuted for having AIDS.
Lerato
Refentše's more recent lover. She is caught having sex with his best friend, Sammy. Eventually it is revealed that this sex is markedly accidental; a result of Sammy trying to comfort Lerato when she felt Refentše was growing distant from her. After Refentše commits suicide, she kills herself by overdosing on sleeping pills.
Sammy
Refentše's best friend. Before Refentše moved to Hillbrow, Sammy was in a relationship with Bohlale. He went through a period of drug experimentation that led him to repeatedly have sex with prostitutes, and at one point did this in front of Bohlale. In Refentše's attempt to comfort Bohlale, they ended up having sex. Sammy never found out. Later, in a similar manner while trying to help Lerato with relationship troubles, Sammy sleeps with Refentše's girlfriend. The guilt of causing Refentše to commit suicide ends up driving Sammy mad.
Bohlale
Sammy's girlfriend. After witnessing her boyfriend, Sammy, having sex with a prostitute, she seeks companionship and comfort from Refentše, which leads to her cheating on Sammy with his friend in the heat of the moment. She is later plagued by guilt and wants to tell Sammy, although Refentše is against this as he believes the revelation would add insult to injury as Sammy is already in the hospital. On her way to see Sammy, though, Bohlale is hit by a bus and killed. Refentše never reveals the one-night affair to Sammy.
2001 novels
21st-century South African novels
Novels set in Johannesburg
Novels about HIV/AIDS | [
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28743862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesautobahn%20560 | Bundesautobahn 560 | is an autobahn in Germany.
The A 560 connects the towns of Sankt Augustin, Siegburg and Hennef (Sieg) to the A 59, A 3 and the immediate Bonn area.
The freeway was opened in several stages. The first stage was a 2 km stretch from the A 59 to the junction Siegburg (then named Sankt Augustin-West), which was opened in 1974. The next portion, from Siegburg to 500 m before Niederpleis, opened seven years later. Attention then turned to the eastern end. The section from Hennef (Sieg)-West to the end of the freeway opened in 1986, leaving a gap of about 3 km between the two sections. The 500 m that was left before Niederpleis, plus the junction itself, opened in 1988; a further 1 km and an interchange with the A 3 opened in 1990; and the final 2 km were completed in 1992.
After continuing northeast past the junction Hennef (Sieg)-West, the A 560 suddenly takes a 90-degree turn and begins heading to the southeast. This was to be the location of an intersection with a planned autobahn, variously numbered in government documents as the A 113 or the A 31. (Both numbers are currently in use in other locations.) The autobahn was envisioned as running from Emden, south to Bottrop, then Essen, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Wuppertal, Solingen, Bergisch Gladbach, Siegburg, and Königswinter, ending at Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler. Construction was planned to start in the mid-1970s; however, the project met heavy community opposition in Mülheim, and only the section from Emden to Bottrop was ever built and signed as the A 31. The A 560 between junctions 6 and 8, along with all of the A 573, were built along the A 31's planned alignment.
Exit list
|-
|
| style="text-align:right; padding:0 .5em;" | (5)
| 4-way interchange Bonn/Siegburg
Road continues as the B 8 towards Limburg an der Lahn
|}
External links
Autobahn Atlas: A560
560 | [
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20423832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20Montana | 2008 United States presidential election in Montana | The 2008 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
Montana was won by Republican nominee John McCain by 11,273 votes, a 2.38% margin of victory. Before the election, Montana was initially viewed as safe Republican, but was viewed as lean Republican or toss-up in the final weeks. Historically the state is a Republican stronghold, but polls during the 2008 election showed Democrat Barack Obama just narrowly trailing Republican John McCain within the margin of error. On election day, McCain narrowly carried Montana. It was the fourth-closest state in the nation, behind Missouri, North Carolina, and Indiana, Missouri being a former bellwether state, and the other three being traditionally Republican states.
Despite the fact that Bill Clinton carried the state in 1992, Barack Obama's 47.11% of the vote was (and as of 2020 remains) the highest percent of the vote received by any Democratic candidate for President since 1964. Bill Clinton's victory in 1992 and near miss in 1996 were attributed to Ross Perot's strong third party candidacy in 1992 and 1996, the only other elections since 1964 when Montana was decided by under 5%. Obama was able to flip seven of Montana's counties from Republican to Democratic compared to the 2004 election.
Primaries
2008 Montana Democratic presidential primary
2008 Montana Republican presidential caucuses and primary
Campaign
Predictions
There were 15 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:
Polling
Although Republican George W. Bush of Texas carried the Treasure State by double digits in both 2000 and 2004, polls taken throughout July indicated a close race between Republican John McCain of Arizona and Democrat Barack Obama of Illinois. When Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was announced as McCain's running mate in late August, however, McCain took a double-digit lead in the state that lasted until the middle of October, when polling once again showed the two candidates within striking distance of each other in the state. When the actual 2008 presidential election took place, McCain carried the state by about 2.38%. The state's results were significantly closer than they were in the 2004 election when George W. Bush carried the state by a margin of 20 points.
Fundraising
John McCain raised a total of $386,940 in the state. Barack Obama raised $1,089,874.
Advertising and visits
Obama and his interest groups spent $1,732,467. McCain and his interest groups spent just $134,805. The Democratic ticket visited the state three times and McCain didn't visit the state.
Analysis
Montana, a Republican-leaning state, has voted for the Republican presidential nominee in every election since 1968 except in 1992 when the state narrowly supported Democrat Bill Clinton to Republican George H. W. Bush. Obama did very well among the Democratic base of Montana, which consists of three sections. Students in Missoula County, which is home to the University of Montana, helped him win a three-to-two margin there. In the southwest, Obama won more than 65% of the vote in Deer Lodge County and Silver Bow County—Democratic strongholds which have voted Republican only twice since 1912; Obama also became the first Democratic presidential nominee to win Gallatin County, home to Bozeman, since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. Finally, Native Americans gave Obama strong support; in the eastern part of the state, Obama only won counties in which Native Americans composed at least 30% of the population.
McCain's base was in the eastern part of the state, which is less unionized and more rural. It is home to more ranchers and fewer miners than elsewhere. Only five counties voted Democratic in the east. In Western Montana, McCain generally won wherever Obama's Democratic base was lacking. His biggest margins came from the region bordering the GOP bastion of Idaho.
There was also a relatively high third-party vote, totaling around four percent. The Montana Constitution Party ran libertarian-leaning Republican U.S. Representative Ron Paul of Texas on their line (against his wishes), winning 2.17% of the vote in Montana, which was the highest statewide percentage total for any third-party candidate in the 2008 presidential election. A significant number of write-in candidates also ran in the state, with some beating third-party candidates.
During the same election, incumbent Democratic Governor Brian Schweitzer was reelected to a second term in a landslide over Republican Roy Brown and Libertarian Stan Jones. Winning by more than a two-to-one margin, Schweitzer received 65.21% of the vote while Brown took in 32.77% and Jones got 2.03%. Also during the same election, incumbent Democratic Senator Max Baucus was handily reelected to a sixth term over perennial candidate Bob Kelleher running as a Republican, no third-party candidate was in the race. Due to Kelleher's policies, such as adopting a parliamentary system in the United States, adopting a single-payer healthcare system, and nationalizing American oil and gas industries, he received no support from Montana GOP, and Baucus defeated Kelleher by nearly a 3-to-1 margin, taking in 72.92% over Kelleher's 27.08% and winning every single county in the state. At the state level, however, Republicans picked up three seats in the Montana Senate and gained control of the chamber. Democrats picked up the office of Secretary of State.
, this is the last election where Montana was seriously contested, as well as the last one in which Lake County, Cascade County, Rosebud County, and Lewis and Clark County voted for the Democratic candidate. This is the last time the Big Sky Country would be decided by a single-digit margin, and the last time a candidate won the state with less than half of the vote. Obama became the first-ever Democrat to win the White House without carrying Mineral or Sheridan counties. This marks the first time since 1944 in which Montana would back a different candidate than Colorado, and the first time since 1908 that Colorado voted Democratic and Montana voted Republican.
Results
By county
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
Blaine (largest city: Chinooko)
Cascade (largest city: Great Falls)
Gallatin (largest city: Bozeman)
Hill (largest city: Havre)
Lake (largest city: Polson)
Lewis and Clark (largest city: Helena)
Rosebud (largest city: Colstrip)
By congressional district
Due to the state's low population, only one congressional district is allocated, the At-Large District. This district covers the entire state, and thus is equivalent to the statewide election results.
Electors
Technically the voters of Montana cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Montana is allocated 3 electors because it has 1 congressional district and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 3 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 3 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.
The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.
The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 3 were pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Thelma Baker
John Brenden
Errol Galt
See also
United States presidential elections in Montana
Presidency of Barack Obama
References
Montana
2008
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] |
70020415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassem%20Taher%20Saleh | Kassem Taher Saleh | Kassem Taher Saleh (born 1 June 1993) is a German civil engineer and politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since the 2021 German federal election, representing the Dresden I district.
Early life and education
Taher grew up in Plauen, Vogtland, Germany. He studied civil engineering at TU Dresden and University of Cantabria.
Political career
Taher joined the Greens in 2019. In parliament, he serves on the Committee on Housing, Urban Development, Building and Local Government.
Other activities
German Industry Initiative for Energy Efficiency (DENEFF), Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board
IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt (IG BAU), Member
Dynamo Dresden, Member
References
External links
Living people
1993 births
People from Zakho
German civil engineers
Iraqi civil engineers
21st-century German politicians
Members of the Bundestag for Alliance 90/The Greens
Members of the Bundestag 2021–2025
Iraqi emigrants to Germany
Naturalized citizens of Germany
TU Dresden alumni
University of Cantabria alumni
German people of Kurdish descent | [
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65471465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Potapenko | Andrey Potapenko | Andrey Potapenko (; ; born 9 February 2000) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Gomel.
Honours
BATE Borisov
Belarusian Cup winner: 2019–20
Gomel
Belarusian Cup winner: 2021–22
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Belarusian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC BATE Borisov players
FC Arsenal Dzerzhinsk players
FC Smolevichi players
FC Slutsk players
FC Gomel players | [
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44243409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janq%27u%20Quta%20%28Inquisivi%29 | Janq'u Quta (Inquisivi) | Janq'u Quta (Aymara janq'u, white, quta lake, "white lake", also spelled Jankho Khota) is a mountain in the Kimsa Cruz mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Quime Municipality. Janq'u Quta lies south-east of the mountain Mama Uqllu.
References
Mountains of La Paz Department (Bolivia) | [
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14920768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20boat%20race%20at%20the%202007%20SEA%20Games | Traditional boat race at the 2007 SEA Games | Traditional Boat Race at the 2007 SEA Games wes held Mapprachan Reservoir, Chon Buri, Thailand.
Medal table
Medalists
Men
Women
External links
Southeast Asian Games Official Results
2007 SEA Games events
2007 | [
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6203455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase%20Harrison | Chase Harrison | Chase Harrison (born April 2, 1984 in Huntington, West Virginia) is an American soccer player who most recently played for Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer.
Career
College and Amateur
Harrison attended Huntington High School and played college soccer at Virginia Tech from 2002 to 2005. In four seasons he appeared in 79 matches, registering 289 saves, 24 shutouts, and a GAA of 1.12. During his college years he also played with the West Virginia Chaos in the USL Premier Development League.
Professional
Harrison was drafted in the third round (26th overall) of the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft by Real Salt Lake. He was loaned to the Virginia Beach Mariners in March 2006, and played two games for the team, before being waived by RSL at the end of the 2006 season without playing a senior game.
He signed for Rochester Raging Rhinos in May 2007. On July 9, 2008, the Rhinos sent Harrison and Jamil Walker, recently acquired from the Carolina RailHawks, to the Portland Timbers in exchange for Andrew Gregor.
Harrison signed for Harrisburg City Islanders in March 2009. On February 18, 2010 Crystal Palace Baltimore announced the signing of Harrison to a contract for the 2010 season.
On September 9, 2010, Harrison was added to the D.C. United roster following the release of Andrew Quinn, who underwent knee surgery. On October 26, the Columbus Crew signed Harrison to a short-term contract to backup Andy Gruenebaum in the postseason after starting goalkeeper William Hesmer suffered a right shoulder fracture.
Harrison signed with Harrisburg City Islanders, now playing in the USL Pro league, on March 16, 2011.
Harrison was signed by Philadelphia Union on September 23, 2011 to replace injured goalkeeper Thorne Holder as a backup. At season's end, the club declined his 2012 contract option and he entered the 2011 MLS Re-Entry Draft. Harrison was not selected in the draft and became a free agent; however, Philadelphia re-signed him just before the start of the 2012 season.
Harrison remained with Philadelphia through the 2012 season. After the conclusion of the 2012 season, Philadelphia declined the 2013 option on Harrison's contract and he entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft. He became a free agent after going undrafted in both rounds of the draft.
References
External links
Harrisburg City Islanders bio
1984 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
West Virginia United players
Real Salt Lake players
Virginia Beach Mariners players
Rochester New York FC players
Portland Timbers (2001–2010) players
Penn FC players
Crystal Palace Baltimore players
Richmond Kickers players
D.C. United players
Columbus Crew players
Philadelphia Union players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Huntington, West Virginia
Soccer players from West Virginia
USL League Two players
USL First Division players
USL Second Division players
USSF Division 2 Professional League players
USL Championship players
Major League Soccer players
Virginia Tech Hokies men's soccer players
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11361359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopston%20%28Swansea%20ward%29 | Bishopston (Swansea ward) | Bishopston () is the name of an electoral ward in the City and County of Swansea, Wales. Most of the area is rural consisting of farmland and small villages. The ward is named after the village (and coterminous community) of Bishopston which falls within the ward.
The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following areas: Barland Common, Caswell, Clyne Common, Bishopston, Manselfield, Murton, Oldway, in the parliamentary constituency of Gower. It is bounded by the Bristol Channel to the south; and the wards of: Pennard to the west; Fairwood to the north; and Mayals, West Cross and Newton to the east.
Current Representation
The Bishopston Ward is a single-member ward for the purposes of City and County of Swansea Council elections. Following the 2017 election it is currently represented by Conservative councillor Lyndon Richard Jones who defeated long-serving Independent Keith Marsh.
Bishopston (one seat)
Recent history
The first election to the new unitary City and County of Swansea Council took place in 1995. The seat was won by the Liberal Democrats.
In 1999, the seat was won by an Independent who was returned unopposed.
Keith Marsh comfortably held the seat in 2004
In 2008, Keith Marsh was again returned but with a reduced majority.
Keith Marsh was returned for a fourth time at the 2012 election.
References
External links
Bishopston.org.uk Community Website
Swansea electoral wards | [
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63314284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trips%20on%20an%20Old%20Car | Trips on an Old Car | Trips on an Old Car () is a 1985 Soviet comedy film directed by Pyotr Fomenko.
Plot
The film tells about a grandmother who is deprived of the opportunity to meet her only grandson, gets acquainted with the new father-in-law of a former daughter-in-law and falls in love with him.
Cast
Lyudmila Maksakova as Zoya Pavlovna
Andrei Boltnev as German Sergeyevich
Tatyana Nikitina as Natalya Stepanovna
Sergey Nikitin as Lomov
Yelena Karadzhova as Dasha
Lyudmila Arinina as Club director
Larisa Udovichenko as Lilya
Lev Perfilov as Mikhalyov
Grigori Gurvich
Elena Drobysheva
References
External links
1985 films
1980s Russian-language films
Soviet comedy films
1985 comedy films | [
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479781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric | Asymmetric | Asymmetric may refer to:
Asymmetry in geometry, chemistry, and physics
Computing
Asymmetric cryptography, in public-key cryptography
Asymmetric digital subscriber line, Internet connectivity
Asymmetric multiprocessing, in computer architecture
Other
Asymmetric relation, in set theory
Asymmetric synthesis, in organic synthesis
Asymmetric warfare, in modern war
Asymmetric Publications, a video game company
Asymmetry (Mallory Knox album), 2014
Asymmetry (Karnivool album)
Asymmetry (population ethics)
Asymmetry (novel), a 2018 novel by Lisa Halliday
See also | [
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20580233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Gesner%20%28politician%29 | Abraham Gesner (politician) | Abraham Gesner (1756–1851) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Annapolis County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1824 to 1827.
Abraham was born near Tappan, New York (now Rockleigh, New Jersey), the son of John Henry and Famicha (Brouwer) Gesner, and was primarily of German descent. Serving as a Loyalist with the King's Orange Rangers during the American Revolution, he purchased a commission of major in the British Army. With his twin brother Henry (father of Abraham Pineo Gesner, a geologist and writer, best known as the inventor of kerosene), he came to Nova Scotia in 1779 and eventually settled on a farm at Belleisle in the township of Granville. Abraham became prominent in the province for fruit culture on the farm. In 1787 he married Elizabeth Steadman and they were the parents of twelve children. He was elected to the provincial assembly in 1824 after Thomas Ritchie resigned, but did not run for re-election in 1827, citing his age and an interest in pursuing personal matters. Abraham died at Belleisle at the age of 94.
References
Calnek, W. A. History of the County of Annapolis, Nova Scotia : Including Old Port Royal & Acadia (1999)
Abraham Gesner biography at Doug Sinclair's Archives
1756 births
1851 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Loyalists who settled Nova Scotia
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
People of colonial New Jersey | [
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55943856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeport%2C%20Indianapolis | Bridgeport, Indianapolis | Bridgeport is a neighborhood located in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. It was previously a small village with a post office and stores, but later became part of Indianapolis.
History
Bridgeport was platted in 1831. It was also called West Parkview and Sunnyside. It was an early African-American community in Marion County. With the passing of Unigov in 1970, Bridgeport, like much of Marion County, was incorporated into Indianapolis.
Geography
Bridgeport is located in Wayne Township near the intersection of Bridgeport Road and Washington Street (US 40).
Gallery
References
External links
Neighborhoods in Indianapolis
Former villages in the United States
1831 establishments in Indiana
Populated places established in 1831 | [
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67433652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ghazaryan | David Ghazaryan | David Ghazaryan (; 5 May 1989 – September–October 2020) was an Armenian Lieutenant-Colonel, who participated and fell during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh war. In 2020, he was posthumously awarded the military award of Hero of Artsakh.
Awards and honours
A decree by Arayik Harutyunyan, the President of the Republic of Artsakh, awarded David Ghazaryan posthumously the title of Hero of Artsakh.
"For exceptional services rendered to the Artsakh Republic while defending and ensuring the security of the Motherland, as well as for bravery and personal courage, I have awarded David Ghazaryan, servicemen of the Defense Army. with the highest title of the "Hero of Artsakh" (posthumously), awarding him with the "Golden Eagle" order.
— President of the Republic of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan
According to the President, Ghazaryan fought by the principle of “not a step back” and performed a heroic deed.
Personal life
Ghazaryan was married and had two children.
References
1989 births
2020 deaths
Heroes of Artsakh
Armenian military personnel
Artsakh military personnel
2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
Armenian military personnel of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
People killed in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
People from Vedi | [
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] |
12027262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil%20cationic%20protein | Eosinophil cationic protein | Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In humans, the eosinophil cationic protein is encoded by the RNASE3 gene.
ECP is released during degranulation of eosinophils. This protein is related to inflammation and asthma because in these cases, there are increased levels of ECP in the body.
There are three glycosylated forms of ECP and consequently ECP has a range of molecular weights from 18-22 kDa.
Function
Eosinophil cationic protein and the sequence related eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNASE2) are both members of the Ribonuclease A superfamily. Both proteins possess neurotoxic, helmintho-toxic, and ribonucleo-lytic activities. Eosinophil cationic protein is localized to the granule matrix of the eosinophil.
Ribonuclease activity and cytotoxicity
The ribonuclease activity of ECP is not essential for cytotoxicity.
When the two known ribonuclease active-site residues are modified to non-functional counterparts (Lysine at position 38 to Arginine and Histidine at position 128 to Aspartate) and compared to the wild-type ECP, the mutated ECP retains its cytotoxicity but no longer has its ribonuclease activity. The experiment confirmed that converting the two amino acids to non-functional counterparts did inhibit ECP’s ribonuclease activity. However, ECP retained its anti-parasitic activity. Also, it did not change the production and transportation of ECP in bacteria.
ECP is a potent cytotoxic protein capable of killing cells of guinea pig tracheal epithelium, mammalian leukemia, epidermis carcinoma, and breast carcinoma, as well as non-mammalian cells such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Mature ECP is cytotoxic to human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells by specific binding to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) followed by endocytosis.
ECP-induced apoptosis
Studies show that ECP, along with other RNases including EDN, had been reported to induce apoptosis in cells. A latest study indicated that ECP caused cytotoxicity in HL-60 and HeLa cells via caspase-3 like activity. Accordingly, cytotoxic RNases play an important role in cell death. However, the mechanism of ECP-induced apoptosis is still not fully verified. Recent studies have shown that eosinophils can induce epithelial cell death via apoptosis and necrosis.
ECP triggers apoptosis by caspase-8 activation through mitochondria-independent pathway. Increases in chromatin condensation, sub-G1 population, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation indicate that ECP induces apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells.
Clinical significance
Eosinophil granulocytes appear in large numbers in inflammation sites and in response to certain parasitic infections. These cytoplasmic granules contain positively charged proteins that characterize the cells. ECP is one of the four highly basic proteins that enter the surrounding tissues when activated eosinophils degranulate. Although circulating ECP levels can vary widely among patients, some studies show that serum ECP measurements are useful in monitoring many active inflammatory diseases. ECP concentrations in plasma and other body fluids increase during inflammatory reactions marked by activated eosinophils.
Serum ECP levels are also a useful, objective measurement for asthma severity. Increased ECP levels correspond to symptom onset. In seasonal asthmatic patients, ECP measurement reflected changes in disease activity throughout the year.
There are several mechanisms that can be combined to generate an asthma attack, including specific IgE antibodies, activated inflammatory cells, neurogenic mechanisms, hyperresponsiveness and individual hormonal imbalances. Allergic reactions in the lung typically have two phases. The late phase typically occurs several hours after exposure, upon which eosinophils accumulate in the bronchus and release granule proteins that cause bronchial irritability. ECP is also toxic to neurons, some epithelial cell lines, and isolated myocardial cells. This could be a reason for itching disorders of the skin.
Serum ECP concentrations have also been linked to atopic dermatitis (AD) activity. ECP correlates with the symptoms (lichenification, sleep deprivation, erythema, papules, pruritus and excoriations) for AD and also correlates with the total clinical score.
Serum ECP measurement for assessing asthma severity, monitoring therapy, and indicating severity of certain inflammatory skin conditions present an advantage over subjective clinical measures that are prone to inconsistencies due to broad variability of individual investigator and patient assessments, especially in young children.
The normal reference range for blood tests for eosinophil cationic protein is between 2.3 and 16 µg/L.
See also
Ribonuclease A
References
Further reading
External links | [
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"ures",
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"References",
"Further",
"reading",
"External",
"links"
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7424949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatov | Jatov | Jatov () is a village and municipality in the Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia.
History
The municipality and village is a recent establishment built in 1952.
Geography
The village lies att an altitude of 116 metres and covers an area of 18.657 km². It has a population of about 784 people.
Ethnicity
The population is 100% Slovak.
Facilities
The village has a public library a football pitch and a gym.
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1761-1896 (parish B)
Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1887-1954 (parish B)
Reformated church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1806-1895 (parish B)
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Jatov – Nové Zámky Okolie
Surnames of living people in Jatov
Villages and municipalities in Nové Zámky District | [
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62658527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Association%20of%20Hispanics%20in%20Higher%20Education | American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education | The American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE) represents professional academics, researchers, educators, and students in the United States of America and focuses on issues affecting Hispanics in higher education. It functions as a United States nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership society.
History
AAHHE was originally the Hispanic caucus of the American Association of Higher Education (AAHE) and was formed in 2005 after that organization went defunct, to address the under representation of Hispanics in higher education. It does so by highlighting scholarship focusing on the social issues of Hispanics, the shaping of educational policies, and the professional development of Hispanic faculty and administrators. The organization holds an annual meeting and offers a fellowship program for graduate students and junior faculty.
Presidents
Presidents of the society have included:
Loui Olivas - Founding President and Director of the Center for Executive Development at Arizona State University
Tomás Rivera Lecture
Past Tomás Rivera lecturers have included: Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison and U.S. Secretary Henry Cisneros, and former U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, Vilma Martinez.
Awards
The association sponsors several awards including:
University Faculty Award (formerly Outstanding Latino/a Faculty in Higher Education Award) (Research Institutions)
Founding President's Award
Book of the Year Award
William Aguilar Cultural Arts Award
Outstanding Support of Hispanic Issues Award
Alfredo G. de los Santos Jr. Distinguished Leadership Award
Book of the Year Award
Past winners include:
2006: Jeanett Castellanos, Alberta M. Gloria and Mark Kamimura, The Latina/o Pathway to the Ph.D.: Abriendo Caminos
2007: Sonia Nazario, Enrique's Journey
2008: Mirta Ojito, Finding Mañana
2009: Sandra Cisneros, House on Mango Street
2010: Gustavo Arellano, Ask a Mexican!
2011: David Montejano, Quizote's Soldiers: A Local History of the Chicano Movement, 1966-1981
2012: Rubén Martinez, Crossing Over: A Mexican Family on the Migrant Trail
2013: Arturo Madrid, In the Country of Empty Crosses: The Story of a Hispano Protestant Family in Catholic New Mexico
2015: Alicia Gaspar de Alba, [Un]framing the "Bad Woman": Sor Juana, Malinche, Coyolxauhqui, and Other Rebels with a Cause
2016: Dolores Inés Casillas, Sounds of Belonging: U.S. Spanish-Language Radio and Public Advocacy
2017: Aída Hurtado, Mrinal Singa, Beyond Machismo
2018: Alberto Acereda, Estela Benisimón, Alfredo G. de los Santos Jr., Gary Francisco Keller, Laura J. Rendón, Richard Tannenbaum, New Directions in Hispanic College Student Assessment and Academic Preparation Hispanic College Students Move Forward: Policies, Planning, and Progress in Promoting Access
2019: Alberto Ledesma, Diary of a Reluctant Dreamer: Undocumented Vignettes from a Pre-American Life
2020: Gina Ann Garcia, Becoming Hispanic-Serving Institutions: Opportunities for Colleges and Universities
References
External links
Organization website
Professional associations based in the United States
501(c)(3) organizations
Hispanic and Latino American professional organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Arizona
Awards honoring Hispanic and Latino Americans | [
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36544463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik%20Vibskov | Henrik Vibskov | Henrik Vibskov (born 1972) is a Danish fashion designer, artist, curator and musician. Commonly associated with the fashion brand carrying the same name, his work is known for its enticing universes and crossover into other art forms. Working in the intersection between art and design, his work includes: art, installations, scenography, costumes, video, performance and exhibitions.
He graduated from the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London in 2001.
In 2021 he had his 20 years anniversary, with more than 40 fashion collections and numerous exhibitions presented, which has given him great recognition around the world.
He has participated and exhibited in international designfairs, festivals and museums, including the MoMA in New York, the Palais de Tokyo in Paris, The 21st Century Museum of contemporary Art, Kanazawa, the ICA in London. He has also designed costumes for numerous operas and performances, including collaborations with Hotel Pro Forma, the Oslo Opera House, The Royal Swedish Ballet and the Brussels Opera House. Henrik Vibskov is currently Professor at the DSKD Design School Kolding and is frequently giving lectures in art institutions all over the world, such as Central Saint Martins in London, The IED in Madrid and the Antwerp Royal Academy of Fine Arts amongst other.
As a musician he is best known for the collaborations with the Danish musicians Trentemøller, Mikael Simpson and Hess is More.
Awards
2020 – Elle Style Award "Brand of the Year"
2016 – Thorvald Bindesbøll Medaljen
2011 – Torsten og Wanja Söderbergs pris
2009 – Award from The Danish Art Council for ”The Solar Donkey Experiment” show
2008 – Danish Fashion Award in the category ” Best Brand”
2000 – Beck´s Future Prize for filmen "The Monk"
External links
Official website
Interview with Henrik Vibskov about fashion and how it resembles art. Video by Louisiana Channel, Denmark, 2013
Henrik Vibskov på AllmusicRediger på wikidata
Henrik Vibskov på DiscogsRediger på wikidata
Henrik Vibskov på MusicBrainzRediger på wikidata
Henrik Vibskov på Kunstindeks Danmark/Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon
References
Danish fashion designers
Danish interior designers
Danish film directors
Danish artists
Danish drummers
People from Kjellerup
1972 births
Living people
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
21st-century drummers | [
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33010787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393%20I-Divisioona%20season | 1992–93 I-Divisioona season | The 1992–93 I-Divisioona season was the 19th season of the I-Divisioona, the second level of Finnish ice hockey. 12 teams participated in the league, and JoKP Joensuu won the championship. KooKoo, TuTo Hockey, and JoKP Joensuu qualified for the SM-liiga promotion/relegation round.
Regular season
External links
Finnish Ice Hockey Federation
2
Fin
I-Divisioona seasons | [
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14034948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAFN | KAFN | KAFN (690 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Benton, Arkansas, the station mainly programs local content for Saline County, along with the southern portion of the Little Rock metropolitan area.
Currently owned by Monte Spearman and Gentry Todd Spearman, through licensee High Plains Radio Network, LLC, the station currently broadcasts a classic rock format. The station also carries network play-by-play for the Dallas Cowboys, St. Louis Cardinals, and Arkansas Razorbacks football, basketball and baseball, and local play-by-play for Benton High School.
History
The radio station was put on the air on June 26, 1953, and was known as KBBA until 1992. During this time, it broadcast a mostly country/western format with local news, weather, and sports. It was the only radio station in Benton until 1966, when competing radio station KGKO signed on the air at 850 kHz.
The station was owned by the Winston Riddle family of Benton for a number of years before being sold in the early 1990s. The station's call letters were changed to KEWI by new owner Bernie Bottenberg. After falling on hard times, the station was sold to a partnership consisting of longtime Arkansas television broadcaster Jim Landers, and his nephews Steve and Lance Landers who were prominent local car dealers. Jim Landers would later purchase full ownership stock in the station.
In the 1990s and 2000s, the station enjoyed a number of formats, including classic country and, later on, adult standards. It has been known for its tradition of broadcasting local sports, most notably Benton High School football, basketball, and baseball.
In fall 2011, the station was sold to an ownership group headed by broadcaster Grant Merrill. The station switched to a news, talk, and sports format and developed an online newspaper known as Saline 24/7. The station serves as a home base for the syndicated "Sports Night" program broadcast across the Arkansas Radio Network. The show is owned and hosted by Merrill and longtime print journalist Andy Hodges.
The station applied for an FM translator (K277BT), which signed on the air in the fall of 2013 at 103.3 FM. The translator moved to 93.7 FM in Benton, Arkansas on February 29, 2016, as K229CX, and again to 99.3 as K257GP on November 26, 2018.
On February 7, 2014, KEWI went silent and then returned to the air on June 20, 2014 with a sports format with programming from ESPN Radio. The call sign was changed to the current KAFN on August 1, 2015.
Effective October 6, 2017, Saline River Media sold KAFN to High Plains Radio Network, LLC for $50,000.
KAFN currently broadcasts a classic rock format.
References
External links
AFN
Radio stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Arkansas
Sports radio stations in the United States
ESPN Radio stations | [
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29363724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20J.%20Wienbergen | Harry J. Wienbergen | Harry J. Wienbergen (October 21, 1900 – March 6, 1974) was an American football coach. Wienbergen was the third head football coach at Dickinson State College—now known as Dickinson State University—in Dickinson, North Dakota and he held that position for 21 seasons between 1928 and 1952. His coaching record at Dickinson State was 51–70–13. Wienbergen died aged 73 in 1974.
References
1900 births
1974 deaths
Dickinson State Blue Hawks football coaches
People from Platteville, Wisconsin | [
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24607016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Marston%20%28sailor%29 | John Marston (sailor) | John Marston (June 12, 1795 – April 7, 1885) was an officer in the United States Navy.
Early career
During the War of 1812, Marston served as a messenger and carried the first news of Commander Isaac Hull's capture of HMS Guerriere to John Adams at Quincy, Massachusetts. The former president's influence gained him an appointment as midshipman, the warrant being dated April 15, 1813.
Marston saw some service during the War of 1812, and was later aboard USS Constitution when Lord Byron visited the famous frigate. In 1825 Marston was promoted to the grade of lieutenant, and was aboard USS Brandywine when she conveyed Marquis de Lafayette to France. In 1827–29 Marston served in the Pacific squadron, and again in 1833 and 1834.
In 1840 he was assigned to the frigate USS United States, and in the following year was commissioned commander. In 1850 he was assigned to the command USS Yorktown, on the coast of Africa, and he was in charge of the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard from 1853 until 1855, when he was promoted to captain.
Civil War
Although placed on the retired list in December 1861, Marston was assigned to USS Cumberland, of the Brazil squadron, in which service he continued for a year, when he was commissioned commodore, July 16, 1862. Marston was in command of the frigate USS Roanoke at Hampton Roads when CSS Virginia destroyed USS Congress and USS Cumberland.
Later career
Marston was promoted to rear admiral in March 1881, and for several years after the Civil War, he was in charge of the navy-yards at Portsmouth and Philadelphia, and of the naval station at Key West in 1867. He also acted as a lighthouse inspector, 1863–66. In his many voyages he served under Commodores John Rodgers, Isaac Hull, Matthew C. Perry, and Isaac Chauncey, of the old navy, and had seen altogether, before his retirement, half a century of active service.
Personal life
Marston was a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church. His oldest son, Matthew R. Marston, entered the regular army, and was brevetted major for gallantry during the siege of Vicksburg.
Marston died on April 17, 1885.
1795 births
1885 deaths
Union Navy officers
People from Boston
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61562342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Langford | Oliver Langford | Oliver Langford is an English referee and officiates primarily in the EFL Championship. He is not in the Select Group of match officials but is, however, on the Group Two list and trained in the use of Video Assisted Refereeing, which means he is qualified to take charge of an elite league match. He has been a referee since 2009.
He made his Premier League debut on 18 August 2019, when he was scheduled to be the fourth official in Chelsea's home match against Leicester, after Match Official Graham Scott was stuck in Traffic on the M40. Although Scott arrived at the ground, he missed the warm-up, meaning that he had to be replaced by Langford. The match finished in a 1–1 draw.
References
External links
Living people
Premier League referees
Year of birth missing (living people)
English football referees | [
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12206166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas%20%28songwriter%29 | Kostas (songwriter) | Kostas Lazarides (; born April 14, 1949) is a Greek-born American country music songwriter, known professionally as Kostas. He has written for several country music artists, including Dwight Yoakam, Patty Loveless, George Strait, and Travis Tritt, and has won eleven awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI). In addition, he has recorded a self-titled album Kostas on First American Records (1980) and an album entitled X S in Moderation on Liberty Records (1994). He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019.
Biography
Kostas Lazarides was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. When he was seven years old, he and his family moved to the United States, taking up residence in Billings, Montana. Lazarides eventually began identifying himself by the singular name Kostas.
Musical career
Kostas performed in Montana as a singer and songwriter throughout the 1980s. Eventually, he was discovered by record producer Tony Brown, who was searching for new material for country singer Patty Loveless. Kostas' first cut as a songwriter, "Timber, I'm Falling in Love", was recorded by Loveless; released as a single in 1989, it went to number one on the Billboard country charts, becoming Loveless's first number one hit. She would also release three more of his songs as singles: "The Lonely Side of Love" (1989), "On Down the Line" (1990), and "Blame It On Your Heart" (1993). "Blame It on Your Heart" also earned BMI's Robert J. Burton award for being the most performed single of 1994.
Dwight Yoakam also recorded several songs written by Kostas, including "Nothing's Changed Here", "Turn It On, Turn It Up, Turn Me Loose", and "Send a Message to My Heart" (a duet with Loveless), all of which were released as singles from Yoakam's 1990 album If There Was a Way. Yoakam's 1993 album, This Time, included another song co-written by Kostas: the single "Ain't That Lonely Yet", which earned Yoakam a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance - Male in 1994. During the early 1990s, Kostas also wrote singles for McBride & the Ride, Travis Tritt, Holly Dunn, Martina McBride, and The Mavericks.
CCMA and Juno Award-winning Canadian country music group Prairie Oyster recorded songs written by Kostas on two of their most popular albums. As a result, Kostas developed a sizable following in Canada, which has enabled him to tour and perform in several provinces.
In 1980, Kostas released a self-titled album on First American Records.
In 1994, Kostas signed to Liberty Records as a recording artist. X S in Moderation, was released that year. The album, which included his own renditions of the singles that he had written, was part of a special songwriters' series by Liberty.
Partial credits
The following singles were written or co-written by Kostas:
Dixie Chicks – "I Can Love You Better"
Holly Dunn – "Heart Full of Love"
Farmer's Daughter - "You and Only You"
Sammy Kershaw – "Your Tattoo"
Patty Loveless – "Timber, I'm Falling in Love", "The Lonely Side of Love", "On Down the Line", "Can't Stop Myself from Loving You", "Blame It on Your Heart", "High on Love", "Out of Control Raging Fire" (with Travis Tritt)
The Mavericks – "Here Comes the Rain", "There Goes My Heart", "What a Crying Shame"
Martina McBride – "Life #9"
McBride & the Ride – "Going Out of My Mind", "Love on the Loose, Heart on the Run"
Jo Dee Messina – "Because You Love Me"
Shane Minor – "Slave to the Habit"
Perfect Stranger – "Ridin' the Rodeo"
Marty Stuart – "You Can't Stop Love"
Travis Tritt – "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"
Joy Lynn White – "True Confessions"
Kelly Willis - "Baby Take a Piece of My Heart"
Dwight Yoakam – "Nothing's Changed Here", "Turn It On, Turn It Up, Turn Me Loose", "Ain't That Lonely Yet", "Send a Message to My Heart" (w/ Patty Loveless), "Try Not to Look So Pretty", "Nothing"
References
External links
1949 births
Living people
Musicians from Thessaloniki
American country songwriters
American male songwriters
Greek emigrants to the United States
Writers from Billings, Montana
Greek male songwriters
American writers of Greek descent
Musicians from Montana
Songwriters from Montana | [
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61731929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilchino | Ilchino | Ilchino (; , İlse) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Ilchinsky Selsoviet, Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 1,143 as of 2010. There are 25 streets.
Geography
Ilchino is located 18 km northeast of Uchaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Safarovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Uchalinsky District | [
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64022898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9my-Louis%20Lepr%C3%AAtre | Rémy-Louis Leprêtre | Rémy-Louis Leprêtre OFM (28 August 1878 – 10 January 1961) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who served as an archbishop and Apostolic Delegate to Syria from 1936 to 1947.
Biography
Rémy-Louis Leprêtre was born on 28 August 1878 in Le Portel, France. He was ordained a priest of the Order of Friars Minor on 25 June 1903.
On 18 March 1936, Pope Pius XI appointed him titular archbishop of Rhusium and Apostolic Delegate to Syria.
He received his episcopal consecration on 12 May 1936 from Cardinal Luigi Maglione, Apostolic Nuncio to France.
He resigned on 7 May 1947 at the age of 68.
He died on 10 January 1961 at the age of 82.
References
External links
Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop Rémy-Louis Leprêtre, O.F.M.
1878 births
1961 deaths
People from Pas-de-Calais
Apostolic Nuncios to Syria
Franciscan bishops
20th-century Roman Catholic titular archbishops
Franciscan missionaries | [
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12980087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shields%20Road%20railway%20station | Shields Road railway station | Shields Road railway station was a railway station in Pollokshields, Glasgow, Scotland. Opened in 1870, it was expanded in 1925 when the adjacent Pollokshields and Shields stations were amalgamated into it. It closed in 1966.
History
The station was built by the City of Glasgow Union Railway on the original 1840 line from Paisley to Glasgow. It opened in the early 1870s, around the time when the line was being diverted from Bridge Street to the new St Enoch station in the city centre, initially terminating at .
Contemporary maps show that there were no stations at Shields Junction, prior to the general reorganisation of rail links between Paisley and Glasgow in the 1870s, in preparation for the opening of the new city centre terminals.
From 1885, however, after Shields station opened, there were three adjacent stations at this site, each with their own booking offices fronting Shields Road. Shields Road station was the largest of the three, sharing one of its platforms with Pollokshields station, which had been squeezed into the northern part of the complex, on the new track which had been laid to establish a link between Paisley and the Caledonian Railway’s proposed Glasgow Central station.
The three stations at Shields Junction were amalgamated in 1925, creating a larger Shields Road station, which was in use until 1966, when train services to St Enoch ended.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Photographs and historical maps of Shields Junction, Glasgow, before and after the building of the stations
Disused railway stations in Glasgow
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1870
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1925
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Beeching closures in Scotland
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
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4696414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeuwijk | Sleeuwijk | Sleeuwijk is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant and part of the municipality of Altena.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1268 as "Tyberio de Slewijck" and is a combination of neighbourhood and blunt. The village is known for its ferry to Gorinchem which has been known to exist since 1327. During the 20th century, the ferry caused long delays, and was replaced by the in 1961. In 2017, it was announced that the Merwedebrug which be replaced by a wider bridge, because it has become too narrow.
Historically, it was part of the Land of Altena and was administered by Woudrichem. Since about 1815, Sleeuwijk had been part of the municipality of De Werken en Sleeuwijk. Sleeuwijk was home to 380 people in 1840. This had an area of 2111 ha. In 1950, the then 4,218 inhabitants municipality was merged into the municipality of Werkendam, a municipality which was greatly enlarged in 1973. In 2012, the village had 5,349 inhabitants.
Overview
The village is home to various sports clubs, including tennis, swimming, ice skating and korfball, two primary and two secondary schools and a number of shops in the shopping centre called de Nieuwe Es.
Gallery
References
Populated places in North Brabant
Geography of Altena, North Brabant | [
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34296343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemolymph%20juvenile%20hormone-binding%20protein | Haemolymph juvenile hormone-binding protein | In molecular biology, the haemolymph juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHPB) family of proteins consists of several insect specific haemolymph juvenile hormone binding proteins. Juvenile hormone (JH) has a profound effect on insects. It regulates embryogenesis, maintains the status quo of larva development and stimulates reproductive maturation in the adult forms. JH is transported from the sites of its synthesis to target tissues by a haemolymph carrier called juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP). JHBP protects the JH molecules from hydrolysis by non-specific esterases present in the insect haemolymph. The crystal structure of the JHBP from Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) shows an unusual fold consisting of a long alpha-helix wrapped in a much curved antiparallel beta-sheet. The folding pattern for this structure closely resembles that found in some tandem-repeat mammalian lipid-binding and bactericidal permeability-increasing proteins, with a similar organisation of the major cavity and a disulfide bond linking the long helix and the beta-sheet. It would appear that JHBP forms two cavities, only one of which, the one near the N- and C-termini, binds the hormone; binding induces a conformational change, of unknown significance.
References
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2719395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20of%20Komana | Gabriel of Komana | Gabriel of Komana (born Guido de Vylder, 13 June 1946 – 26 October 2013) was an Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate who led the Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe from 2003 to 2013.
Born in Lokeren, Belgium, to a Catholic Flemish family, he studied philosophy and theology until 1974, afterwards obtaining his diploma in moral and religious studies at the University of Leuven. During this time he was introduced to Orthodox Christianity at the parish of St. Andrew in Ghent, becoming Orthodox in January 1974.
Ordained deacon on 5 October 1975 by Archbishop George Tarassov at the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris, he was ordained a celibate priest on 27 June 1976 at the same cathedral. In 1977 he was assigned as priest of the parish in Maastricht. He was also active in the foundation of Orthodox communities at Deventer, Breda and Antwerp. In 1992 he was appointed rector of the parish in Liege, Belgium. In 1998 he was additionally appointed rector of the parish of Maastricht.
Having taken monastic vows in 1994, he was elected and consecrated an auxiliary bishop of the exarchate in 2001. From December 2002 he acted as administrator of the exarchate during the final illness of his predecessor Archbishop Serge (Konovaloff). On 1 May 2003 he was elected to lead the exarchate. His election was formally confirmed on May 3 the same year. His enthronement took place in the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Paris on 1 June 2004.
On 8 June 2006 the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople had met and issued a statement receiving Bishop Basil of Sergievo into the Patriarchate of Constantinople - an act that caused substantial controversy, as he had not been released from the Moscow Patriarchate. The same statement gave Bishop Basil the new title, Bishop of Amphipolis (taken from an ancient see in Greece that no longer has a bishop), and charged him with the care of parishes in Great Britain and Ireland, as auxiliary bishop under Archbishop Gabriel of Komana in Paris. One day after the Council of the Archdiocese during an extraordinary meeting created the Vicariate. At that time, no such parishes existed. After his appointment a number of parishes and communities, as well as some of the clergy and laity of the Diocese of Sourozh, followed Bishop Basil into the Archdiocese and came to constitute the Episcopal Vicariate. Other parishes and communities were formed later, where none had previously existed, for example in Cumbria, and Northampton.. Bishop Basil's first liturgical service as a member of the Archdiocese was a concelebration of the Divine Liturgy with Archbishop Gabriel in the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris on 18 June 2006. Statutes were adopted by the Episcopal Vicariate on 23 June 2007, and the Vicariate was registered as a charity (registration number 1124252) on 29 May 2008. Since Bishop Basil retired (on 12 October 2009) the Vicariate has become a deanery within the Archdiocese.
In January 2013 Archbishop Gabriel retired for health reasons, having been suffering from cancer, and returned to Maastricht. He died there on 26 October 2013.
References
External links
OrthodoxWiki Archbishop Gabriel (de Vylder) of Komana
In Memoriam on the Website of the Deanery of Great Britain and Ireland of the Archdiocese of Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe
1946 births
2013 deaths
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism
Archbishops of Orthodox parishes of Russian tradition in Western Europe
Eastern Orthodoxy in France
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Belgium
People from Lokeren
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53424537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minersville%2C%20Ohio | Minersville, Ohio | Minersville is an unincorporated community in Chester Township, Meigs County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.
References
Unincorporated communities in Meigs County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio | [
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15730258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FHR%20Fred%20Robertson%20Los%20Angeles%20Pottery | FHR Fred Robertson Los Angeles Pottery | FHR Fred Robertson Los Angeles Pottery was a small studio art pottery manufacturer in Los Angeles, California, from approximately 1906 to approximately 1921.
Background
Fred H. Robertson and his father, Alexander, were important figures in the art pottery movement in America. Alexander, a fifth generation potter, had founded Chelsea Keramic Art Works (Chelsea, Massachusetts) in 1866 (or 1867), its successor, Dedham Pottery (Dedham, Massachusetts) in 1896, and the Roblin Art Pottery (San Francisco) in 1898. Fred worked at Chelsea and then Dedham. Other Robertson family members worked at Chelsea and Dedham, including Alexander's brother, Hugh. Dedham is known for its crackle (craquelure) and volcanic glazes, and blue cobalt hand painted designs.
In 1903 Fred moved to California and joined Alexander at Roblin. The name Roblin came from the names of its founders, Robertson and Linna Irelan. Fred moved to Los Angeles in 1906 and worked for LA Pressed Brick until 1921 as its superintendent. At LA Pressed Brick Fred won medals for his crystalline and lustered glazes.
Formation of the studio
From approximately 1906 until approximately 1921 Fred also operated a small art pottery studio in Los Angeles known as "FHR Fred Robertson Los Angeles." FHR is best known for its crackle, matte, crystalline and lustered glazes. The crackle finish was a well known Robertson development from the Chelsea/Dedham period, inspired by the Oriental pottery seen by Hugh Robertson at the Centennial Exposition. The pottery is typically marked on the bottom with a stamped or incised "FHR" or "FHR Los Angeles."
In 1921 Fred, along with Gus Larson of LA Pressed Brick, moved to Claycraft Potteries Company (Los Angeles), which was established that year. Claycraft is known to have been located at 3101 San Fernando Road. Fred was the general superintendent of Claycraft, focusing on the development of bodies and glazes. George B. Robertson, Fred's son, joined the firm as a designer in 1925. Claycraft is well known for its decorative tiles, garden pottery, fountains and lamp bases. The body of work achieved at Claycraft is largely credited to the skill and attention of the two Robertsons. In 1934 the two departed to form Robertson/Hollywood Pottery. The last mention of Claycraft Potteries is found in Los Angeles city directories of 1939.
Robertson/Hollywood Pottery was located in Los Angeles California at a time when many of the better potters were moving west. Robertson/Hollywood made household pottery items such as plates and covered boxes. Robertson/Hollywood pottery is typically marked on the bottom with incised script "Robertson/Hollywood."
Robertson/Hollywood Pottery closed in 1952.
References
Rago, D. and Perrault, S. (2001) American Art Pottery, Citadel Press.
American art pottery
Manufacturing companies based in Los Angeles
Art in Greater Los Angeles
American companies established in 1906
Design companies established in 1906
Manufacturing companies established in 1906
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1921
1906 establishments in California
1921 disestablishments in California
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Design companies disestablished in 1921 | [
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14761991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaj%C4%85czk%C3%B3w | Zajączków | Zajączków may refer to the following places in Poland:
Zajączków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Zajączków, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Zajączków, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
Zajączków, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
Zajączków, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) | [
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15290332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katar%C3%ADna%20Studen%C3%ADkov%C3%A1 | Katarína Studeníková | Katarína Studeníková (born 2 September 1972) is a former professional Slovak tennis player.
Her highest singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) is 31st, which she reached on 23 December 1996. Her career-high in doubles was at 62, set on 13 November 1995. Studeníková defeated Monica Seles in Wimbledon in the year 1996.
ITF finals
Singles (7–2)
Doubles (2–9)
External links
1972 births
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Slovak female tennis players
Tennis players from Bratislava
Czechoslovak female tennis players
20th-century Slovak women | [
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19596319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma%20Bates%20%28Psycho%29 | Norma Bates (Psycho) | Norma Bates (, also known simply as Mrs. Bates) is a fictional character created by American author Robert Bloch in his 1959 thriller novel Psycho. She is the deceased mother and victim of serial killer Norman Bates, who had recreated her in his mind as a murderous alternate personality.
Although an important character to the Psycho story, Norma is deceased from the beginning of the films. She is not depicted as a living character until the prequel Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990), where she is portrayed by Olivia Hussey. Vera Farmiga later portrayed Norma in the television series Bates Motel (2013–2017).
Character overview
Both the 1959 novel, and its 1960 film adaptation explain that after the death of her husband, Norma (whose maiden name is never revealed in the novels) raises her son Norman with cruelty: she forbids him to have a life away from her, and teaches him that sexual intercourse is sinful and that all women (except herself) are whores. The novel also suggests that their relationship may have been incestuous.
For many years, Norma and Norman live together in the (fictional) small town of Fairvale, California "as if there is no one else in the world". When Norman is a teenager, his mother meets Joe Considine (Chet Rudolph in Psycho IV: The Beginning) and plans to marry. Considine convinces Norma to open a motel. Norman grows furiously jealous, believing that Norma has abandoned him for her fiancé, and murders them both with strychnine. He then stages it like murder-suicide, making it look as if Norma had killed Considine and then herself.
Unable to bear the loss of his mother, Norman steals Norma's corpse and mummifies it in the fruit cellar, and speaks to it as if his mother were still alive. He also speaks to himself in her voice and frequently dresses in her clothes; in his own mind, he becomes his mother in order to escape the awareness of her death and the guilt of having murdered her. The "Mother" personality is as possessive and cruel as Norma had been in life; "Mother" dominates and belittles him, forbids him to have friends, and kills any woman whom he feels attracted to. When Norman regains consciousness, he discovers the crime he is convinced his mother has committed, and destroys the evidence.
Psycho (novel and film)
One of "Mother"'s victims is Marion Crane (Janet Leigh), who flees to the Bates Motel after stealing money from her employer. When she checks into the motel, Norman (Anthony Perkins) is smitten, and invites her to have dinner with him. This arouses "Mother"'s ire, and she threatens to kill Marion if Norman lets her into the house. He defies her and has dinner in the motel office with Marion, who takes pity on him and gently suggests that he put his mother in a mental institution. He angrily rejects the suggestion, however, and insists that his mother is perfectly sane. After Marion retires to her room, Norman becomes "Mother" and kills Marion in the shower. When Norman regains consciousness, he disposes of Marion's corpse in a nearby swamp, covering up what he believes to be his mother's crime.
Marion's employer hires private investigator Arbogast (Martin Balsam) to find her, and he goes to the motel and questions Norman. Norman mentions that Marion had spoken with his mother, but he refuses to let Arbogast see her. Suspicious, Arbogast goes to the house, where "Mother" kills him as well. Marion's sister Lila (Vera Miles), and boyfriend, Sam Loomis (John Gavin), soon arrive, suspecting Norman of killing Marion for the money. Lila discovers Mrs. Bates' corpse while searching the house; moments later, Norman attacks her as "Mother", only to be subdued by Sam. Norman is then arrested and institutionalized, and the "Mother" persona takes complete, permanent control of his mind.
Film sequels
Psycho II
In the film Psycho II (unrelated to Bloch's novel of the same name), 22 years later, Norman Bates, now supposedly cured, is released from the institution and returns home. He soon receives notes and phone calls supposedly from Mrs. Bates. Norman takes a job at a local diner and befriends Emma Spool (Claudia Bryar), the cook, and a waitress named Mary Samuels (Meg Tilly). Norman offers Mary a room in his house, and she reluctantly accepts. At about this time, a series of mysterious murders are committed by a woman with a knife to people who come to the motel and the house.
Norman's sanity begins to unravel as he starts to believe that his mother is committing the murders. His psychiatrist, Dr. Bill Raymond (Robert Loggia), shows him Mrs. Bates' corpse and reveals to him that Mary Samuels is actually Mary Loomis, Sam Loomis' daughter, and is plotting with her mother, Lila, to drive him crazy again in order to get him recommitted; they both dress up as Norman's mother and appear through the window of her bedroom. Mary believes that the murderer is hiding in Norman's house, and when Norman explains to Mary that the murderer might be his real mother, she speculates that he might have been adopted.
The murderer eventually kills Lila. When Mary and Norman return to the house, Norman receives a phone call from Dr. Raymond; in his mind, however, the phone call is from his mother. Mary, disturbed, tries to convince Norman to stop answering the phone by dressing up as his mother, complete with a butcher knife. Mary accidentally kills Dr. Raymond, who has come to the house to catch Mary, and Norman tries to hide her from the police. Mary discovers Lila's corpse hidden in a pile of coal, and, convinced Norman is the murderer, tries to kill him. The police intervene just in time however, and shoot her dead.
That night, Mrs. Spool visits Norman and tells him that she is his real mother, and that Norma Bates was actually his aunt; Spool had been put in a mental institution shortly after giving birth to Norman, and her sister, Norma, had adopted him and told him that he was her son. Spool then reveals that she had committed the murders in order to protect Norman. He bludgeons her to death with a shovel, and carries her corpse up to Mrs. Bates' room, where the "Mother" personality takes control of his mind once again.
Psycho III
One month later, a reporter named Tracy Venable (Roberta Maxwell) latches on to the history of the Bates/Spool families; her research leads her to the story of a love triangle between Norman's father, John, and the Spool sisters, Norma and Emma. Emma killed John in a jealous rage after Norma stole him away from her, and abducted the young Norman, convincing herself he was the child she had with John. Emma was arrested and institutionalized, and Norman was returned to his mother.
By this point in the series, Norman has begun murdering young women again under the control of the “Mother” personality. He finds some hope for redemption when he meets and falls in love with a young woman named Maureen Coyle (Diana Scarwid), but "Mother" eventually wins out and kills her. Tracy finds Norman and tells him the truth about his parentage, and Norman destroys Mrs. Spool's corpse, attempting to break free of "Mother"'s control. He is arrested and sent back to the institution, but proclaims that he is finally free.
Psycho IV: The Beginning
Psycho IV: The Beginning, the fourth and final film in the series, retcons the revelations of the second and third film, supplying that Norman's father was stung to death by bees, removing all references to Emma Spool and retelling much of Norman's and his mother's past from the original film. It is implied in the film that Mrs. Bates suffered from schizophrenia, which Norman inherits. Norman has been released from the institution and is now married. When Norman finds out that his wife, Connie (Donna Mitchell), is pregnant, he decides to kill her to prevent another of his "cursed" line from entering the world. He relents after his wife professes her love for him, however, and decides to rid himself of the past once and for all by burning down his mother's house. During this act, he sees visions of his mother mocking and tormenting him, but perseveres and destroys the house. At the end of the film, he is finally free of his mother's voice, which demands to be let out.
Television
Bates Motel (film)
The television spin-off movie and series pilot changes the backstory between Norman Bates' parents (here named Jake and Gloria Bates) prior to the events of Psycho. In this continuity, Mrs. Bates killed her husband because she thought he was cheating on her. She then lost her mind and spent all her time staring out her bedroom window, wearing black funeral clothes while waiting for him to return. Twenty-seven years after the events of the original film, Norman (Kurt Paul) dies of old age in the asylum, leaving his motel and house to his friend and fellow inmate, Alex West (Bud Cort). Alex comes to believe that the motel is haunted by Mrs. Bates' ghost. He eventually discovers that the "haunting" is a ruse perpetrated by bank manager Tom Fuller (Gregg Henry), who is trying to scare Alex into selling him the motel so he can renovate it.
Bates Motel (TV series)
Norma Bates is a main character in the A&E psychological horror drama television series Bates Motel, a contemporary prequel to the 1960 film Psycho, set in the present day. Norma is portrayed in the series by Vera Farmiga. She is extremely possessive and protective of her son Norman and does everything she can to keep him to herself. This, along with several other traumas Norman suffered as a child, results in his developing an alternate personality, "Mother", who kills anyone whom she believes poses a threat to him or gets in the way of their relationship.
On the show, Norma's middle name is Louise. Her parents' names are revealed to be Ray and Francine "Frannie" Calhoun, and she describes her life with them as having been unhappy; her father was an abusive alcoholic while her mother was "sedated all the time." She was born and raised in Akron, Ohio. As an adult, Norma owns and drives around in a light-green Mercedes-Benz W116 as her personal means of transportation throughout the series. The vehicle is later inherited by Norman who takes over ownership of the car in the final season after her death.
In the pilot episode, Norma buys a motel in the coastal town of White Pine Bay, Oregon, and moves there with Norman (Freddie Highmore) following the death of her husband Sam Bates (David Cubitt) in Arizona. The motel's former owner, Keith Summers (W. Earl Brown) breaks into the Bates' house and rapes Norma. Norman intervenes and subdues Summers, but Norma kills him in a fit of rage. She and Norman then dispose of the body. She later reveals that Sam was an abusive alcoholic and that Norman had killed him while in a dissociative state; she bought the motel and moved them away to protect him. A later episode reveals that Sam had raped Norma in a drunken rage after she tried to leave him, and that six-year-old Norman had witnessed the assault; it is implied that this trauma fractured Norman's psyche.
In this continuity, Norma has another son, Dylan Massett (Max Thieriot), who was conceived when she was raped as a teenager by her older brother, Caleb Calhoun (Kenny Johnson). Norma used her pregnancy to escape from her troubled home life; she married her then-boyfriend, John Massett, and passed off her unborn child as his own. She would later divorce John to marry Sam, becoming estranged from Dylan and favoring Norman, her son with Sam, instead.
When Norman's sanity begins to deteriorate, Norma marries the town sheriff, Alex Romero (Nestor Carbonell), so she can use his insurance coverage to pay for Norman to be treated in a mental institution. While the marriage is at first merely a financial arrangement, they eventually fall in love. After Norman is released from the institution and finds out that Norma is married, he grows insanely jealous and tries to kill himself and Norma by flooding the house with carbon monoxide while his mother sleeps. Romero arrives at the house in time to revive Norman, but finds that Norma is already dead. Romero finds out what happened and swears revenge, but is arrested for perjury before he can do anything. Meanwhile, Norman cannot bear losing his mother, so he digs up her corpse and assumes her personality to preserve the illusion of her being alive.
Two years later, Norman is running the motel and living alone in the house with Norma's corpse, which he keeps frozen and preserved in the cellar. Romero, who is in prison for perjury, sends a hitman to kill Norman, but "Mother" takes control and kills the assassin. Caleb learns of Norma's death and comes after Norman, so "Mother" helps Norman take him hostage, but cannot bring herself to kill him. The Bates' neighbor Chick Hogan (Ryan Hurst) accidentally runs Caleb over, and "Mother" helps him and Norman dispose of the body. When Norman falls for Madeline Loomis (Isabelle McNally), a lonely housewife who bears an uncanny resemblance to Norma, and whose husband Sam (Austin Nichols) is cheating on her, "Mother" becomes jealous and acts out by taking over Norman's mind and making him have sex with a man at a gay bar while dressed in Norma's clothes. Norman finally begins to suspect that "Mother" is not real, and she confirms that he created her in his mind to deal with things that he could not, such as his abusive father.
When Sam's mistress Marion Crane (Rihanna) checks into the motel, Norman fears that "Mother" will kill her, and tells her to leave and never come back. Sam soon arrives at the motel looking for Marion, and "Mother" convinces Norman to stab him to death in the shower.
Dylan comes to see Norman after learning of Norma's death, and they get into a fight that ends with Norman assaulting his half-brother at "Mother"'s instigation. Terrified of what he might do, Norman calls 911 and confesses to murdering Sam. After Sheriff Jane Greene (Brooke Smith) finds the bodies of Norman's other victims, "Mother" takes control of Norman's mind and tries to make sure that he escapes punishment.
When Romero—who had earlier escaped from prison—takes Norman captive, "Mother" urges Norman to kill him, but not before he confronts Norman with the reality that he killed his mother. After Norman finally admits to himself that he killed Norma, "Mother" appears to him and tells him she is leaving, as there is no longer anything she can protect him from. Norman later invites Dylan to a "family dinner" with Norma's corpse at the head of the table. When Dylan tells Norman that Norma is dead, Norman attacks him, forcing Dylan to shoot him in self-defense. As he dies, Norman sees a vision of his mother embracing him.
Characterization
Norma Bates is the fictional counterpart to Augusta Gein, murderer Ed Gein's mother; a domineering, fanatical woman who preached to her sons about the innate immorality of the world and her belief that all women (apart from herself) were evil and instruments of the devil.
Norma is not strictly a character in the novel by Bloch, and her presence is indicated only as a voice and a corpse in the first three Psycho films.
For Psycho (1960), Alfred Hitchcock hired six uncredited people to play the mother. Norma Bates was played by Mitzi Koestner, Anna Dore, and Margo Epper as body doubles; and voiced by Virginia Gregg, Jeanette Nolan, and Paul Jasmin (a friend of Anthony Perkins). The voices were thoroughly mixed, except for the last speech, which is all Gregg's.
Norma Bates was introduced as a living character in Psycho IV: The Beginning. Olivia Hussey was directly offered the role.
Portrayals
Virginia Gregg, Jeanette Nolan, and Paul Jasmin voiced the corpse of Norma Bates in Hitchcock's 1960 film adaptation of Bloch's novel. Only Gregg did Norma's voice in Psycho II and Psycho III. Alice Hirson provided the voice of Norma's corpse in Psycho IV: The Beginning. John Kassir voiced Norma's silhouette in a 1990 Oatmeal Crisp cereal commercial featuring Anthony Perkins reprising his role as Norman Bates. Rose Marie voiced Norma's corpse in Gus Van Sant's 1998 version of Psycho. Olivia Hussey portrayed Norma as a living character in Psycho IV. Vera Farmiga portrayed Norma as a living character in the TV series Bates Motel. For her performance, Farmiga was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2013, and won a Saturn Award in 2014 and a People's Choice Award in 2017.
Appearances
Novels
Psycho, (1959)
As a corpse.
Film
Psycho, (1960)
As a corpse, voiced by Virginia Gregg, Jeanette Nolan, and Paul Jasmin.
Psycho II, (1983)
As a corpse, and in a flashback, voiced by Virginia Gregg.
Psycho III, (1986)
As a voice by Virginia Gregg.
Bates Motel, (1987)
As a corpse (named Gloria Bates).
Psycho IV: The Beginning, (1990)
As a main character, portrayed by Olivia Hussey, and as a corpse, voiced by Alice Hirson.
Psycho, (1998)
As a corpse, voiced by Rose Marie.
Television
Oatmeal Crisp commercial, (1990)
As a silhouette, voiced by John Kassir.
Bates Motel, (2013–2017)
As a main character (named Norma Louise Bates), portrayed by Vera Farmiga, who was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and won a Saturn Award and a People's Choice Award for her performance.
Comics
Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, (1992)
As a corpse.
References
American female characters in television
Female horror film villains
Horror television characters
Literary characters introduced in 1959
Characters in American novels of the 20th century
Female literary villains
Fictional characters from California
Fictional characters involved in incest
Fictional characters with schizophrenia
Fictional child abusers
Fictional hoteliers
Fictional murdered people
Fictional victims of child abuse
Fictional victims of child sexual abuse
Fictional victims of domestic abuse
Fictional victims of sexual assault
Matricide in fiction
Psycho (franchise) characters | [
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"Nor",
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"Anth",
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"Per",
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"M",
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"Mar",
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"M",
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"Mr",
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487033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Howard%20of%20Penrith | Baron Howard of Penrith | Baron Howard of Penrith, of Gowbarrow in the County of Cumberland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1930 for the diplomat Sir Esme Howard, who had previously served as British Ambassador to the United States. A member of the famous Howard family, he was the grandson of Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard, younger brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk. the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1999. Lord Howard of Penrith is also in remainder to the dukedom of Norfolk and its subsidiary titles.
Henry Howard and Sir Stafford Howard, brothers of the first Baron, were both Members of Parliament. The first baron Esme Howard's sons included Henry Anthony Camillo Howard and Hubert Howard.
Barons Howard of Penrith (1930)
Esme William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith (1863–1939)
Francis Philip Raphael Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Penrith (1905–1999)
Philip Esme Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Penrith (b. 1945)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son, Hon. Thomas Philip Howard (b. 1974).
See also
Duke of Norfolk
Earl of Carlisle
Earl of Suffolk (1603 creation)
Earl of Berkshire
Earl of Effingham
Baron Howard de Walden
Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent
Greystoke Castle
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1930 | [
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2883803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascitans | Ascitans | The Ascitans (or Ascitae, from the Greek ἀσκός, askos, wineskin) were a peculiar Montanist sect of 2nd century Christians, who produced the practice of dancing around burst wine-skins at their assemblies, saying that they were those new bottles filled with new wine, whereof Jesus makes mention, according to the New American Standard Bible translation, Matthew 9:17:
"Nor do people put new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the wineskins burst, and the wine pours out and the wineskins are ruined; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved."
Philastrius thought the sect of the Ascodrugites was the same as the Ascitae, but his etymology of the former is false.
References
Christian denominations established in the 2nd century | [
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57243965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicosmoecus%20gilvipes | Dicosmoecus gilvipes | Dicosmoecus gilvipes is a species of northern caddisfly in the family Limnephilidae. This particular caddisfly is found in and near streams of North America, from northern California and Colorado to British Columbia and as eastern to Nevada, Idaho, Montana and Alberta. D. gilvipes is commonly known as the October Caddis, Autumn Caddis or Giant Orange Sedge, due to their flying presence acknowledged in the Autumn. Caddisflies are known to build cases when they are in larvae stages, to protect themselves from predators, such as dragonflies, salmon and trout. The October Caddisfly is no different and builds their cases out of different organic materials during their five larvae stages.
Habitat
D. gilvipes occur in the Nearctic and eastern Palaearctic regions. This species can be found in and near streams within mid-elevations.
Behavior
Flight & Reproduction
Males fly more often than females, due to the release of pheromones produced by the females. Females limit flying to make their pheromone trail more apparent to the males for mating. Copulation between mating pairs can last up to 16 hours, and the pair stay together until throughout the attraction period to ensure the female mates with one male.
Diet
D. gilvipes in both larvae and nymph stages are categorized as scraper-grazers. They are grazers on periphyton attached to the submerged rocks in the rivers. They typically eat Diatoms (Synedra ulna and Achnanthes lanceolate) and filamentous algal (Stigeoclonium tenueetae, Ulothrix spp., and Klebsormidium fluitans) with the occasion detritus.
Case Building
D. gilvipes have glands that produce strong silk to help encase their bodies with a suit of armor. During their early life stages of larvae their armor will consist of mostly of leaves and twigs, having more buoyancy while the larvae live on the edge of streams for the ease of transportation during high flows. During late spring and early summer, the armor is reconstructed with gravel as the larvae move into deeper water.
Lifecycle
Every species of Dicosmoecus has five stages of larvae, labeled as instars I-V, within a single brood, which occurs only once per mating season.
Egg masses have been found on leaves of trees above streams and on stems of Carex sedges found along streams, suggesting females oviposit in autumn.
Anatomy
One main aspect of larval anatomy of the October Caddisfly consists of various sizes of setae along the body. On the anterior and ventral surfaces of the labrum is covered in long setae, shorter setae on the middle inner labium and dense setae on the lower labium.
Instar stages
Instar I larvae are typically found in early spring, this instar stage is one of the first of the stages to colonize streams that have been scoured by high flood events. The instar I and II larvae cases are constructed with an overlapping pattern consisting of fine twigs and needles. During Instar III stage, larvae begin to incorporate pebbles into their cases. Larvae reaches the fourth instar stage during late April. Instar IV cases consists of coarse sand grains at their anterior and needles and twigs at their posterior. The fifth instar stage is where the larvae is at its largest, averaging at 30 mm in length, with 40 mm being the maximum length reported. This final stage occurs around late summer, the larvae are active until water temperature drops to 0-2 C, during November or December. At this stage, their cases consist of only mineral material and the larvae attach their cases at their anterior to the underside of rocks and boulders, to live overwinter.
References
Integripalpia
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1875 | [
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25695729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20Operating%20Base%20Chapman | Forward Operating Base Chapman | Forward Operating Base Chapman, also known as Camp Chapman, was a United States Armed Forces Forward Operating Base located at the site of a former Afghan Army installation and was situated in Khost province, Afghanistan, on an airstrip 2 miles east of Khost.
The site was also used by the Central Intelligence Agency and was near Forward Operating Base Salerno, a large military base formerly used by U.S. special operations forces. The base was named for Sergeant First Class Nathan Chapman, the first U.S. soldier killed by enemy fire during the Afghanistan war, in 2002. Chapman was killed while fighting alongside the CIA.
History
The CIA's base in Khost was set up at the beginning of the U.S.-led offensive against al-Qaeda and the Taliban in 2001, and began as an improvised center for operations. A military base at the beginning, it was later transformed into a CIA base, a U.S. official said. According to a U.S. military source, Forward Operating Base Chapman was also used as a base for the Khost Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT), a military-led development group. According to an individual who was in the PRT and took part in the relocation; this team left in 2011 and moved to FOB Salerno. In recent years, the base, one of the most secretive and highly guarded locations in Afghanistan, evolved into a major counterterrorism hub of the CIA's paramilitary Special Activities Division, used for joint operation with CIA, military special operations forces and Afghan allies, and had a housing compound for U.S. intelligence officers.
On Wednesday, December 30, 2009, the Camp Chapman attack was executed by suicide bomber Humam Khalil al-Balawi who was a Jordanian double agent loyal to al-Qaeda-linked Islamist extremists. Seven people employed by or affiliated with the CIA, including the chief of the base, Jennifer Lynn Matthews as well as a Jordanian intelligence officer, died in the attack. It remains the second-deadliest incident ever for the CIA after the 1983 United States embassy bombing. Almost three years later, on December 26, 2012, a suicide bomber, possibly with ties to the Afghan Taliban (who claimed responsibility via a spokesman, Zabihullah Mujahid, claiming those who served American forces at the base were the target) and/or the Haqqani network, killed three Afghans (their status was not specified) who were outside the perimeter of the base, which is near a military airport.
U.S. bases in Khost, in particular Camp Salerno, have frequently been targeted by insurgents. In most cases, however, suicide attackers do not succeed in getting past the main entrance of a base. According to U.S. officials, Forward Operating Base Chapman appears to have implemented less stringent security measures than other U.S. military bases, aiming at establishing trust with informants. Subjecting informants to mistrust and excessive suspicion would reduce the amount of information received from them.
In 2021, in the lead-up to the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban twice targeted the base. In the first attack rockets landed nearby wounding seven civilians. During the second attack a water tower on the base was hit, but no U.S. personnel were hit.
References
Military camps in Afghanistan
Installations of the Central Intelligence Agency
Military installations of the United States in Afghanistan | [
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29070332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar%20Morris | Lamar Morris | Lamar Morris (September 30, 1938 – June 1, 2023) was an American country music singer and musician. Between 1966 and 1973, he was a solo artist on the MGM Records label, charting in the Top 40 of Hot Country Songs with "If You Love Me", which peaked at number 27.
Early life and career
Lamar Morris was born on September 30, 1938, in Andalusia, Alabama.
Morris participated in both the 1968 and 1972 Presidential campaigns of George Wallace, for which he performed several songs including "Stand Up For America" and "Wallace in the Whitehouse".
Morris was also a member of The Bama Band, Hank Williams, Jr.'s backing band. He wrote the song "Eleven Roses" for Williams.
Personal life and death
On June 24, 1960, Morris married Lycrecia Ann Guy (born 1941), half-sister of Hank Williams, Jr. They since divorced. In 1996, he married Cathy Diane Ross.
Lamar Morris died in Auburn, Alabama on June 1, 2023, at the age of 84.
Charted singles
References
1938 births
2023 deaths
People from Andalusia, Alabama
American country singer-songwriters
MGM Records artists
Country musicians from Alabama
Singer-songwriters from Alabama | [
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24575654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20McHugh%20%28Gaelic%20footballer%29 | Martin McHugh (Gaelic footballer) | Martin McHugh (born 1961) is a former Gaelic footballer, manager and media pundit. He is a native of Kilcar, County Donegal.
McHugh was a member of the Donegal county team that won the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. He also won three Ulster Senior Football Championships, two All Stars and, in 1992, the Texaco Footballer of the Year.
He works as a pundit on the BBC Television's coverage of the Ulster Championship and has made occasional appearances on RTÉ Television during other competitions. He has also managed Cavan and IT Sligo.
McHugh's sons Mark and Ryan later played for Donegal as well.
Playing career
Club
McHugh played Gaelic football with his local club Cill Chartha.
He won the Donegal Senior Football Championship with his club on four occasions: 1980, 1985, 1989 and 1993.
Inter-county
McHugh was a member of the Donegal county team at senior level between 1981 and 1994.
He won the 1982 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship with Donegal.
McHugh wore the number 13 jersey for the 1983 Ulster Senior Football Championship final against Cavan. However, he played at centre-forward as Charlie Mulgrew had sustained a broken jaw in the semi-final victory over Monaghan. McHugh either contributed 0–6 (The Irish News, 2019) or 0–7 (Donegal Democrat, 2009) of Donegal's 1–14. However, he was denied the man of the match award (which instead went to clubmate Michael Carr in a repeat occurrence of the aftermath of the 1980 Donegal Senior Football Championship final). McHugh also may have had a part in the penalty which Cavan conceded when his flick to Pauric Carr resulted in Carr being brought to the ground (The Irish News, 2019). Yet Kieran Keeney was also brought to the ground to win the same penalty in an incident that appeared not to involve McHugh (Donegal Democrat, 2009). McHugh was substituted in the second half after sustaining a shoulder injury. He spent time in hospital with a punctured lung after the 1983 final. He won his first All Star Award later that year.
McHugh was a replacement All Star in 1990 and made the trip to both coasts of the United States. Shortly after his return, the 1990 Ulster Senior Football Championship got underway. McHugh had a groin injury and could not play in the quarter-final win over Cavan. He returned for the semi-final win over Derry. He then played against Armagh and scored four points (including two frees and one '45) in the 1990 Ulster final, won by Donegal. He then played in Donegal's All-Ireland semi-final defeat to Meath. He was so poor he was substituted. He later said himself: "That was a bad day… It was one of them games… It was one of them games where the game just bypassed me. I never got into the game, I don't exactly know what happened". In a restaurant in Cavan on the way back, someone came over and rubbed salt into his wounds by saying: "Where was your famous Martin McHugh today?", seemingly oblivious to McHugh's presence.
McHugh later became an All-Ireland winner with Donegal in 1992. He also won his second All Star Award that year and was voted 1992 Player of the Year.
In total he won three Ulster senior titles with Donegal: 1983, 1990 and 1992.
His brother, James, also played in the 1992 All-Ireland Final and received an All Star in 1992. His first-born son Mark also won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship while playing for Donegal in 2012. Mark was born the Wednesday after Martin McHugh's Donegal side were defeated by Meath in the semi-final of the 1990 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. McHugh's son Ryan has also played for Donegal.
Management career
McHugh wanted to take charge of Donegal after 1992 All-Ireland manager Brian McEniff left the job. However, he was prevented from doing so by the Donegal County Board in a snub that would later be echoed in Jim McGuinness's numerous later attempts to get the same job—McGuinness was, however, ultimately successful; after being rejected by the Donegal County Board on several occasions he would go on to be Donegal's most successful manager ever. McHugh was hurt by his rejection, saying: "I thought there was another All-Ireland in Donegal and that's why I went for that job. I thought there was another All-Ireland there, and there was a lot of good players coming too. But anyway, that's the way it worked out". Tony Boyle "selfishly" wanted McHugh to carry on playing.
McHugh had also received an offer to manage Cavan in 1994, which he took up shortly after being rejected by Donegal. He led them to the 1994–95 National Football League Division 3 title. In 1997, he helped Cavan win an Ulster Senior Football Championship for the first time in 28 years. He resigned in August 1997, citing his wish to put his family life first.
McHugh has also managed Sligo IT, leading the college to Sigerson Cup success.
He was managing his club's senior team in 2016.
He declined the Donegal job in 2008, telling BBC Sport "I don't have the time".
However, he told the Donegal News in January 2022: "I would still love to manage Donegal. I'd love to manage my own county… It would be something I'd like to do. There's a bucket list there when you get to my age, and I'd still like to have a crack with Donegal".
Media career
McHugh currently works as a GAA pundit for BBC Television and Radio and he writes for the Irish Daily Star newspaper. In 2012, as Donegal advanced towards their second All-Ireland success, McHugh started appearing on The Sunday Game on RTÉ. He was on the programme the night Donegal won the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.
At the end of the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, with McHugh on the sideline working for BBC television coverage of the game, his son Mark, part of the victorious Donegal team, ran to embrace him. Martin McHugh burst into tears as the full extent of what had happened hit him. The emotional moment, as Martin recalled the death of his father Jim the previous October and his mother Kathleen's Alzheimer's, was beamed around the globe and became one of the iconic images of the victory.
In 2013, he called for change to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and claimed that the back door only helped stronger counties such as his own.
In 2014, McHugh described the Kerry forward, Colm Cooper as a "two-trick pony". Many in The Kingdom received this badly.
During television coverage of the 2021 Ulster Senior Football Championship game between Donegal and Derry, McHugh said some of the players on the pitch were not of inter-county standard. At a press event ahead of the 2022 National Football League (which marked Allianz's long-term involvement with that competition), McHugh was asked about those remarks. He said: "I just felt — and I watched him last night again (in the Sigerson Cup) and he played very well — that Jason McGee was a player we needed off the bench. I said that we had players to come off the bench… I was very annoyed at half-time, and I was worried and I felt we needed to get players, who were on the bench, on the field, and we needed to get them on quickly because I could see that game slipping away. I think there was a lot made about that. I suppose when you have the passion for your county, maybe you say things on live TV, and you have to say it as you see it".
Other activities
McHugh owns Spirits and Liquor Limited.
He put himself forward for the role of Donegal's delegate to central Council in 2009 but, though he was ahead after the first count, he was ultimately rejected. It was the first time McHugh had sought a position on the county board. He expressed a lack of interest in any other roles on the Donegal board as the role he was pursuing would have allowed him into Croke Park, where he hoped to influence the development of club football.
Personal life
McHugh is a grandfather. He has two sons and a daughter. He is married to Patrice, sons Mark and Ryan are both All Star winners with Donegal, while he also has a daughter, Rachel.
Career statistics
Honours
Player
Donegal
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: 1992
Ulster Senior Football Championship: 1983, 1990, 1992
All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship: 1982
Ulster Under-21 Football Championship: 1982
Cill Chartha
Donegal Senior Football Championship: 1980, 1985, 1989, 1993
Individual
Texaco Footballer of the Year: 1992
All Star: 1983, 1992
In 2009, McHugh was voted as Donegal's best ever footballer in the 125-year history of the Gaelic Athletic Association in a poll carried out by the Donegal Democrat.
In May 2012, the Irish Independent'''s named McHugh in Donegal's "greatest team", spanning the previous 50 years.
Silver Jubilee Football Team of the Ulster GAA Writers Association (UGAAWA) nomination: 2012
In May 2020, the Irish Independent named McHugh as one of the "dozens of brilliant players" who narrowly missed selection for its "Top 20 footballers in Ireland over the past 50 years".
Manager
Cavan
Ulster Senior Football Championship: 1997
National Football League Division 3: 1995
Sligo IT
Sigerson Cup: 2004, 2005
References
External links
Martin McHugh at gaainfo.com
Martin & Mark McHugh on Miriam Meets...''
1961 births
Living people
BBC sports presenters and reporters
Donegal inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic football managers
Gaelic games commentators
Gaelic games writers and broadcasters
Kilcar Gaelic footballers
Martin
Ulster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Winners of one All-Ireland medal (Gaelic football)
Broadcasters from County Donegal | [
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1290480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary%20Under-Secretary%20of%20State%20for%20the%20Home%20Department | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | This article lists past and present Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State serving the Home Secretary of the United Kingdom at the Home Office.
Non-permanent and parliamentary under-secretaries, 1782–present
April 1782: Evan Nepean
April 1782: Thomas Orde
July 1782: Henry Strachey
April 1783: George North
February 1784: Hon. John Townshend
June 1789: Scrope Bernard
July 1794: The Hon. Thomas Brodrick
March 1796: Charles Greville
March 1798: William Wickham
February 1801: Edward Finch Hatton
August 1801: Sir George Shee, Bt
August 1803: Reginald Pole-Carew
July 1804: John Henry Smyth
February 1806: Charles Williams-Wynn
November 1807: Hon. Charles Jenkinson
February 1810: Henry Goulburn
August 1812: John Hiley Addington
April 1818: Henry Clive
January 1822: George Robert Dawson
April 1827: Spencer Perceval
July 1827: Thomas Spring Rice
January 1828: William Yates Peel
August 1830: Sir George Clerk
November 1830: Hon. George Lamb
January 1834: Viscount Howick
July 1834: Edward Stanley
January 1835: William Gregson
April 1835: Fox Maule
June 1841: Lord Seymour
September 1841: John Manners-Sutton
July 1846: Sir William Somerville, Bt
July 1847: Sir Denis Le Marchant, Bt
May 1848: Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bt
July 1850: Edward Pleydell-Bouverie
February 1852: Sir William Jolliffe, Bt
December 1852: Henry Fitzroy
February 1855: William Cowper
August 1855: William Nathaniel Massey
February 1858: Gathorne Hardy
June 1859: George Clive
November 1862: Henry Bruce
April 1864: Thomas Baring
May 1866: Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen
July 1866: The Earl Belmore
August 1867: Sir James Fergusson, Bt
August 1868: Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt
December 1868: Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen
January 1871: George Shaw-Lefevre
March 1871: Henry Winterbotham
February 1874: Sir Henry Selwin-Ibbetson, Bt
April 1878: Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bt
April 1880: Arthur Peel
January 1881: Leonard Courtney
August 1881: The Earl of Rosebery
June 1883: J. T. Hibbert
December 1884: Henry Fowler
June 1885: Charles Stuart-Wortley
February 1886: Henry Broadhurst
August 1886: Charles Stuart-Wortley
August 1892: Herbert Gladstone
March 1894: George W. E. Russell
June 1895: Jesse Collings
August 1902: Thomas Cochrane
December 1905: Herbert Samuel
July 1909: Charles Masterman
February 1912: Ellis Ellis-Griffith
February 1915: Cecil Harmsworth
May 1915: William Brace
January 1919: Sir Hamar Greenwood
April 1919: John Baird
October 1922: George Frederick Stanley
March 1923: Godfrey Locker-Lampson
January 1924: Rhys Davies
November 1924: Godfrey Locker-Lampson
December 1925: Douglas Hacking
November 1927: Sir Vivian Henderson
June 1929: Alfred Short
September 1931: Oliver Stanley
February 1933: Douglas Hacking
June 1935: Harry Crookshank
June 1934: Euan Wallace
November 1935: Geoffrey Lloyd
June 1939: Osbert Peake (check date)
October 1944: The Earl of Munster
August 1945: George Oliver
October 1947: Kenneth Younger
March 1950: Geoffrey de Freitas
November 1951: David Llewellyn (to Oct 1952)
February 1952: Sir Hugh Lucas-Tooth, Bt (to Dec 1955)
November 1952: The Lord Lloyd (to October 1954)
October 1954: The Lord Mancroft
January 1957: Patricia Hornsby-Smith (jointly) (to October 1959)
January 1957: Jocelyn Simon (jointly) (to January 1958)
January 1958: David Renton (jointly) (to June 1961)
October 1959: Dennis Vosper (jointly) (to October 1960)
February 1961: The Earl Bathurst (jointly) (to July 1962)
June 1961: Charles Fletcher-Cooke (jointly) (to February 1963)
July 1962: Christopher Montague Woodhouse (jointly) (to October 1964)
March 1963: Mervyn Pike (jointly) (to October 1964)
October 1964: The Lord Stonham (jointly) (to August 1967)
October 1964: George Thomas (jointly) (to April 1966)
April 1966: Maurice Foley (jointly) (to January 1967)
April 1966: Dick Taverne (jointly) (to April 1968)
January 1967: David Ennals (jointly) (to November 1968)
April 1968: Elystan Morgan (jointly) (to June 1970)
November 1968: Merlyn Rees (jointly) (to June 1970)
June 1970: Mark Carlisle
April 1972: David Lane
March 1974: Shirley Summerskill (to 1979)
May 1979: The Lord Belstead
April 1982: The Lord Elton (to September 1984)
January 1983: David Mellor (to September 1986)
March 1984: The Lord Glenarthur (to September 1986)
September 1986: The Hon. Douglas Hogg
July 1989: Peter Lloyd
April 1992: Charles Wardle
July 1994: Nicholas Baker
October 1995: Timothy Kirkhope (to May 1997)
November 1995: The Hon. Tom Sackville (jointly) (to May 1997)
May 1997: Lord Williams of Mostyn (jointly) (to July 1998)
May 1997: George Howarth (jointly) (to July 1999)
May 1997: Mike O'Brien (jointly) (to June 2001)
July 1998: Kate Hoey (jointly) (to July 1999)
July 1999: Lord Bassam (jointly) (to June 2001)
June 2001: Beverley Hughes (jointly) (to May 2002)
June 2001: Bob Ainsworth (jointly) (to June 2003)
June 2001: Angela Eagle (jointly) (to May 2002)
May 2002: Lord Filkin (jointly) (to June 2003)
June 2002: Michael Wills (jointly) (to July 2003)
May 2003: Paul Goggins (jointly) (to May 2005)
June 2003: Caroline Flint (jointly) (to April 2005)
June 2003: Fiona Mactaggart (jointly) (to April 2005)
May 2005: Andy Burnham (jointly) (to May 2006)
Joan Ryan - 5 May 2006 – 29 June 2007
Meg Hillier - 28 June 2007 – 12 May 2010
Victoria Atkins (Safeguarding) - from 9 November 2017
Kevin Foster (Future Borders and Immigration) -
Chris Philp (Immigration Compliance and the Courts, joint with Ministry of Justice) -
Parliamentary secretaries, 1940–1945
May 1940: William Mabane (to June 1942)
October 1940: Ellen Wilkinson (to May 1945)
See also
List of permanent under secretaries of state of the Home Office
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Undersecretary
Notes
Home Office (United Kingdom)
Home Department
Home Department
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55047256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiko%20%28album%29 | Taiko (album) | 太鼓 (pronounced Taiko) is the debut album by French musician Danger. It was released in 2017.
Track listing
1789 Records
7:17
11:02
11:03
22:41
19:00 feat. Tasha the Amazon
9:00
6:42
10:00
0:59
11:50 feat. Lil Brain
21:10
19:19
8:10
3:00
References
External links
2017 debut albums
Danger (musician) albums | [
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70041089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colby%20Fulfer | Colby Fulfer | Colby Fulfer is an American politician who served in the Arkansas Senate representing the Springdale area from 2022 to 2023.
Education
Fulfer graduated from the Shiloh Christian School.
Career
Fulfer worked at the Westfield Chapel Funeral Home and serves as chief of staff to Springdale Mayor Doug Sprouse. A Republican, he was narrowly elected to the Arkansas Senate in a 2022 special election to replace Lance Eads, who had resigned in 2021.
He assumed office on February 22, 2022 and served during the fiscal session of the 93rd Arkansas General Assembly, as well as a special session called by Governor Asa Hutchinson, and did not seek reelection.
He was succeeded by State Representative Clint Penzo.
Electoral history
Fulfer was elected to the Arkansas Senate in the Special Election held in February 2022.
In the Republican primary, he received the highest number of votes but because he did not break 50% of the vote went to a runoff election against first-time candidate Steve Unger. In the runoff election, he defeated Unger narrowly 52-48%.
In the special general election, he defeated Democrat Lisa Parks by just 32 votes, or 0.8%
References
Living people
Republican Party Arkansas state senators
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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30967559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medan%20Jaya | Medan Jaya | Medan Jaya or Penajam Medan Jaya (2008–09) or Medina Medan Jaya (2010-now) is an Indonesian football club based in Medan, North Sumatra. The club was founded in 1987 and currently competes in Liga 3.
Their home ground is Teladan Stadium.
History
Since Medan Jaya' establishment in 1987, it has become a well-respected club in the era of competition Galatama and the Premier Division as well. However, the achievements of the club started to decline in the late 1990s. Medan Jaya was relegated to the First Division during the 1999/2000 season. It returned to the top tier but was relegated again to the Second Division in 2004. Medan Jaya managed to win promotion to First Division the following season.
Name
PS Medan Jaya (1987-2008; original club name).
Penajam Medan Jaya (2008–2009; incorporating the name of the owner of the majority stake).
Medina Medan Jaya (2010-present; incorporating the name of the owner of the majority stake).
References
External links
Medina Medan Jaya at Liga-Indonesia.co.id
Football clubs in Indonesia
Football clubs in North Sumatra
Association football clubs established in 1987
1987 establishments in Indonesia | [
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38228545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Marriott%20Marquis | Washington Marriott Marquis | Marriott Marquis Washington, DC is a luxury hotel located on Massachusetts Avenue NW, in NW, Washington, D.C., United States. The hotel is connected to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center across 9th Street NW via an underground concourse and receives significant business from convention attendees.
The hotel has of meeting room space, which includes a main ballroom and two smaller ballrooms. The building is topped by a glass-encased penthouse, and a outdoor event terrace.
The hotel is owned by Capstone Development, the District of Columbia, ING Group, Marriott International, and Quadrangle Development Corporation. The operator is Marriott International. It opened on May 1, 2014, and has 1,175 rooms (which includes 49 suites), a lobby with multi-story atrium, and four dining outlets on the first floor. The hotel has 14 stories above ground, and four stories below.
New convention center
The Washington Convention Center, Washington, D.C.'s second convention center, opened on December 10, 1982. However, by 1990, the facility's small size and a nationwide boom in the construction of convention centers had caused the convention center to see a dramatic drop in business. In May 1990, the city unveiled plans for a new $685 million, convention center. Ground was broken for the new Walter E. Washington Convention Center on 2 October 1998, and it opened in 2003.
Proposed convention center headquarters hotel
Consultant studies
With few hotels near the new convention center, there was a need for a "convention headquarters hotel". In May 1999, Monument Realty proposed constructing a 1,000-room convention headquarters hotel on a lot it owned on a roughly triangular parcel bounded by New York Avenue NW, K Street NW, and 10th Street NW. Monument estimated the hotel would cost $206 million. In order to make the venture profitable, the cost would need to be reduced to $169 million. Monument sought $57.3 million in tax increment financing (TIF) but never received approval from the city for the funds. In late October 2000, Monument Realty sold the parcel for $43.2 million to Boston Properties. An office building, 901 New York Avenue, was built on the site. In fall 1999, the Washington Renaissance Hotel at 9th and I Streets NW applied for $25 million in TIF money to expand into a convention headquarters hotel. But city officials turned down this request, saying there was significant risk it would not produce the tax revenue to make the TIF financially viable. D.C. Councilmember Jack Evans introduced legislation to award the TIF to the Washington Renaissance Hotel, but it did not pass and the hotel's owner sold the land on which the expansion would have occurred. The hotel would have expanded onto an empty lot on the northwest corner of 7th and I Streets NW. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Building was constructed on this quarter-block site in 2004.
To decide if a convention center headquarters hotel was economically feasible, two studies were conducted in 2000. First, the city commissioned a study by the Chicago firm of C.H. Johnson Consulting. Assuming a 71% occupancy rate and average room rate of $215 a night on 1,500 rooms, the Johnson study found the hotel would generate $135 million in gross revenues in its first year, resulting in a $34 million deficit. Nevertheless, the Johnson study called the convention headquarters hotel a "necessary ingredient", citing the size of the new convention center, the distance (nearly ) to the largest hotel, and the small size of nearby hotels. The Johnson study did not attempt to account for the economic impact of the hotel on other businesses in the city. Another study by PricewaterhouseCoopers, commissioned by the Washington Convention and Sports Authority (WCSA), found that in its fourth year of operation, the convention center would generate a demand for 55,500 more room nights than the city's existing hotels could accommodate. In time, PricewaterhouseCoopers concluded, the new convention center would generate demand for 500,000 room nights a year. However, the study also warned that any convention headquarters hotel would have to rely on non-convention meetings for a substantial portion of its business—putting it in competition with the smaller hotels in the city.
Request for proposals for a new hotel
By November 2000, discussion by private developers and the city focused less on whether to build a convention headquarters hotel but how large it should be. The new hotel needed 1,200 to 1,500 rooms and at least of meeting room space. It also needed to be within walking distance of the new convention center. The city hired a consulting firm to determine if it would be financially viable to build a $400 million hotel on the following sites: the old convention center, along Massachusetts Avenue NW, or New York Avenue NW. Several large hotel operators expressed interest in building the new hotel, including the Hyatt and Marriott chains. However, no additional action was taken at that time.
Six months later, in April 2001, D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams announced he was issuing a request for proposals (RFPs) to build a 1,100-room, $200-million convention headquarters hotel near the site of the old convention center. Williams asked private developers to propose privately owned sites for the hotel. If no privately owned site was available, Williams offered to build the hotel on the site of the old convention center, even though a consultant's report said that would limit the development potential of that site. Williams said a decision on a proposal would be made by the end of the year, and left open the possibility that the city would subsidize the hotel's financing. Real estate developer Kingdon Gould III said he was willing to build a hotel on an lot he owned at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue NW and 9th Street NW. Similarly, developer Douglas Jemal offered a site he owned at 7th Street NW and New York Avenue NW.
Four proposals for the 1,000-plus room hotel, now priced at $300 million, were submitted by the August 2001 deadline. They included proposals by:
Hilton Hotels & Resorts, Douglas Jemal, and Landmark Organization Inc. (a development company based in Austin, Texas) for a hotel on the northeast corner of 7th Street NW and New York Avenue NW
Onyx International for a hotel on the north side of Massachusetts Avenue NW between 4th and 5th Streets NW
Monument Realty for a hotel on K Street NW between 4th and 5th Streets NW
Marriott International and Kingdon Gould III for a hotel along 9th Street NW between L Street NW and Massachusetts Avenue NW
Although the city targeted making a decision by December 2001, the September 11 attacks caused a severe economic downturn in Washington, D.C., which caused the city to delay its decision on the RFP for more than a year.
The award for the convention headquarters hotel went to Marriott International in October 2002. The award was not made until October 29, 2002. The mayor's office said the city would probably provide TIF financing to the project, which now was projected to have 1,500 rooms, of meeting room space, cost $500 million, and open in late 2006 or early 2007. The Marriott/Gould bid was chosen because the land parcel size, its location near the convention center, and the land, which was already owned by the partners. City officials said they intended to ask the Council for legislation to establish a nonprofit to sell TIF bonds and own the hotel. Marriott said it would buy $24 million of the bonds to create an ownership interest in the hotel, which it said would be built by JBG Smith. To keep interest on the bonds reasonable, the city stated it would also seek authority to divert up to $19 million in general sales tax revenue in the event the hotel didn't generate enough revenue to pay interest on the TIF bonds.
Initial financing proposal
The city's TIF financing proposal was controversial. Critics such as Charles W. McMillion, chief economist at the business consulting firm MBG Information Services, argued that the convention headquarters hotel would lead to lower sales tax revenue by reducing pressure on hotel room rates throughout the city and by keeping attendees away from local restaurants and retail businesses. The convention headquarters hotel, critics also noted, would not have enough attendance to make up the lost sales tax revenue. Executives at other hotel chains said the city's financing deal projected sales tax revenue of $40 million to $48 million a year, but a more reasonable estimate was $25 million to $30 million a year. City officials countered by pointing to the two studies conducted in 2000 which came to different conclusions, and by noting that the convention center had promised those booking large meetings at the site that a headquarters hotel would be open by 2007. Without the hotel, these groups could cancel completely, they said.
On March 29, 2003, the $600 million Walter E. Washington Convention Center officially opened.
It took more than a year for the city to work out its TIF proposal. On December 16, 2003, the mayor's office finally asked the Council to establish a nonprofit entity authorized to issue tax-exempt bonds and borrow $1 billion. Under the plan, $460 million of the bond issue would go toward building the convention headquarters hotel. The city said Tishman Realty & Construction, not JBG, would construct the hotel. The remaining bond issue would refinance the convention center's existing debt to take advantage of much lower interest rates. The bundled debt issue, the mayor's office said, made the bond issue more attractive to investors because it was backed by revenues from two entities rather than one. To further ensure that the bonds were accepted by Wall Street, the city agreed to guarantee a portion of bonds' interest with general sales tax revenue in case the hotel TIF did not cover the interest.
Siting the hotel
The Mariani controversy
The mayor and city council were still negotiating over the TIF deal in March 2004, although both hoped to have legislation passed by May. Even as the Center for Exhibition Industry Research said a headquarters hotel was important for the success of the convention center, there was concern by other hotels in the city that the convention center had not generated enough room nights to justify its construction. The Washington Post business columnist Steven Pearlstein questioned in April 2004 if such a large hotel, questionably financed by the city, was really needed to make the convention center profitable. Pearlstein argued that two 500-room hotels, built solely with private financing, would be adequate.
In April 2004, the D.C. City Council began debating whether the convention headquarters hotel should be built on the site of the old convention center. This proposal originated with local architect Ted Mariani, who proposed constructing a 1,500-room hotel with extensive meeting room space linked by a tunnel to the new convention center. Mariani convinced several members of the City Council that this would be the best use of the land. The Williams administration strongly opposed Mariani's plan. Over the next month, members of the Williams administration and city council staff met to discuss Mariani's proposal. Joe Sternlieb, head of the Downtown D.C. Business Improvement District; James A. Jemison, mayoral planning aide; and city development consultant Ron Kaplan met for two to three hours a day, three times a week, with council staff and offered to agree to a hotel and some meeting space so long as the council approved the deal by late June. But Council Chair Linda W. Cropp and Council Member Jack Evans (in whose ward the site was located) both favored the Mariani plan. On July 15, 2004, the two sides reached an agreement to proceed with the existing Williams plan. However, some city council members and WCSA opposed the agreement. Going a step further, WCSA commissioned a study of the old convention center site from the consulting firm Conventions, Sports & Leisure International (CSIL). WCSA said the report would be ready in August 2004.
The WCSA report
The CSIL report was complete in October 2004. The authority was to vote to accept the consultant's report on October 13, 2004, but delayed the vote after Mayor Williams asked for more time to negotiate a solution. The next day, Cropp, supported by the city's hospitality industry, again suggested that the old convention center site be used for a $450 million, 1,500-room convention headquarters hotel. With the two sides seemingly deadlocked, Greg Fazakerley, a local developer and former president of the D.C. Building Industry Association, stepped in at the end of October to assist the two sides in coming to an agreement. WCSA then scheduled a vote on the consultant's report for November 4.
WCSA again delayed its vote until December, but released CSIL's report on November 4 under pressure from the other parties in the dispute. The report analyzed six sites for the potential convention headquarters hotel as well as financing options. On December 3, the WCSA board voted in favor of the Williams site, but said it would continue to study placing a hotel somewhere on New York Avenue NW. WCSA said a third option would be to build the hotel on the northeast corner of the old convention center site. Cropp was unhappy with WCSA's action, and the city council continued to defer action on the TIF plan.
Resolution on the siting issue
Resolution to the dispute came in June 2005, after more than a year delay. By April 2005, a majority of the city council had come to support the Williams proposal, and the council planned to approve the Williams plan on May 4. But Cropp convinced the council to put off the vote, arguing that the bill still gave the mayor absolute discretion over where to build a convention headquarters hotel. Williams submitted a revised agreement on May 24, and the council unanimously approved a plan to redevelop the old convention center site on June 6, 2005. The agreement said that of land on the northeast corner of the old convention center site would remain undeveloped pending council resolution of what to do with the property. Under the plan, the council also retained authority to change the site of the convention headquarters hotel at any time.
Obtaining more land
Purchase of the Pipefitters building
Further complicating matters was a $30 million bid in August 2005 by Philadelphia-based real estate development company Lubert-Adler Management to purchase a parcel of land on the corner of 9th Street NW and Massachusetts Avenue NW. This land was owned by a trade union, the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry (the Pipefitters), and the union's American Federation of Labor Building, its historic, 90-year-old headquarters occupied the site. Marriott, Gould, and the city hoped to convince the Pipefitters to sell their building for the hotel development. To prevent the Lubert-Adler purchase, WCSA placed a $900,000 deposit on the Pipefitters' property, and pledged that the historic building would be incorporated into the new hotel rather than demolished. On August 22, the Pipefitters agreed to sell their parcel to WCSA for $30 million. This sale significantly strengthened the appeal of the Williams-preferred site.
The convention headquarters hotel proposal received a major boost on September 11, 2005, when a second report by CSIL concluded that a $417 million, 1,200-room hotel with of meeting space and 600 parking spaces would be financially viable. CSIL said that a hotel constructed on the old convention center site would take 12 to 15 months longer to build and cost $12 million more. The report appeared to quash any further attempt to build on the old convention site.
The Gould land swap
After council approval for Williams site, the city and Kingdon Gould III became locked in negotiations over Gould's land which would take nearly two years to resolve. The reason for the negotiations is not clear. Gould joined the original proposal by Marriott to build the hotel, and seemed willing to use his land for it. But at some point between October 2002 and January 2006, it became clear that private financing for the convention headquarters hotel could not be obtained with so many property owners. Gould was the smallest property holder and was not providing equity for the project, which led to negotiations to obtain his land.
Initially, the city and Gould discussed two options: buying Gould's land outright, or permitting Gould to swap his land for city-owned land elsewhere. The two sides settled on a land swap, but negotiations stalled after Gould argued that his parcel (valued at $72.6 million) was more valuable than the city-owned parcel on the northeast corner of the old convention center site (valued at $75.9 million). Furthermore, Gould wanted zoning changes made to the old convention center site. City zoning laws required that 200 units of housing be built on the site. Gould wanted guarantees that he would receive a waiver for this regulation.
On January 26, 2006, Gould agreed to swap a lot on the southeast corner of 9th Street NW and Massachusetts Avenue NW for a similar-sized city-owned lot at the site of the former convention center. The deal required city council approval, however. The agreement also said, in part, that the city would seek changes to restrictive zoning regulations on the old convention center site. Local zoning regulations required that 200 units of housing by built on the old convention site. The letter of intent signed by the two sides also made one of Gould's companies, PMI Parking, one of the largest parking lot and parking garage companies in the D.C. metro area, the manager of a parking garage at the new convention headquarters hotel and included late fee payments if the city did not act quickly to finalized the swap. Since the site preferred by Williams was not large enough for the planned hotel and the city-owned lots in the area not contiguous, Gould's land swap created a more unified site with fewer owners.
By February 2007, the land swap agreement still had not been finalized. The zoning changes had not occurred, although city officials pledged they were coming. No agreement over parking garage management had been signed, either. The city declined to get involved in operation of the hotel, and advised Gould to negotiate with Marriott about parking garage management. The long negotiations triggered the late-fee clause that required the city to pay Gould $2.2 million. This, too, delayed the swap, since payment of fees greater than $1 million required city council approval. In September, Gould and the city public accused each other of stalling the deal.
The Gould land swap deal was finally approved by the city council on November 1, 2007. It had taken 22 months to change local zoning regulations so Gould was exempted from building housing on the new site.
Miscellaneous other land parcels
The city had trouble obtaining title to other pieces of the hotel site as well. Two small parcels on 9th and L Streets NW still remained in their owners' hands in early 2007. Although the city could have used its eminent domain powers (approved in June 2006), it instead engaged in negotiations over the price of the land. These negotiations took nearly two years. It was not until December 2006 that the city used its eminent domain powers to secure the land.
First financing package
With council approval of the siting plan complete in June 2005, the council came under pressure to approve the financing package for the convention headquarters hotel. But with little movement on the issue, Marriott and RLJ Development, the development fund owned by billionaire cable executive hedge fund owner Robert L. Johnson, said on September 11, 2005, that they were working on a plan to privately finance the hotel and avoid the city council altogether. But no private financing fell into place, either.
In February 2006, Mayor Williams resubmitted to the city council his three-year-old proposal for public financing the convention headquarters hotel. With the likely cost of the hotel now at $650 million, Williams asked the city to sell $187 million in TIF bonds to WCSA, which in turn would sell WCSA bonds based on its own revenues as well as those of the TIF. WCSA would use its own bond sales to pay $187 million of the hotel's construction costs, with the remainder to be privately financed by Marriott and RLJ Development. The Williams proposal also leased the publicly owned land to Marriott and its partners for 99 years at a cost of $37 million. The deal permitted Marriott to build a 1,434-room hotel with of meeting space and 600 parking spaces. Additionally, Marriott would permit WCSA to build a meeting center on the site. (WCSA said it would finance this center separately from the WCSA bond sale.) Although city chief financial officer Natwar Gandhi doubted the hotel would generate enough tax revenue to meet TIF needs, Marriott consultant MuniCap estimated the hotel would generate $44.2 million in tax revenue three years after its completion. To ensure that construction began by 2008, the legislation also contained eminent domain language allowing the city to obtain title to two small properties within the parcel which it had not yet acquired.
Approval of this financing package was relatively swift. In June 2006, the council passed the Williams proposal. Only $135 million in TIF bonds were approved, but the eminent domain provisions were included as submitted.
In November 2006, Adrian Fenty was elected mayor of Washington, D.C., after Anthony Williams declined to seek a third term in office. Fenty was sworn into office in January 2007.
Second financing package and construction agreement
Financial viability and financing concerns
Concerns about the viability of the convention center headquarters hotel occurred again in 2007. Convention hotel room bookings in Washington, D.C., fell 13% in 2006 and were estimated to fall another 24% in 2007 and 29% in 2008, bringing into question the need for a headquarters hotel. In Baltimore, Maryland, a convention center headquarters hotel approved in 2006 failed to boost convention bookings. Furthermore, Gaylord Entertainment Company was constructing a 2,000-room hotel and meeting complex at its Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in Prince George's County, Maryland, just across the city line. The Gaylord complex, the Washington Post said, was likely to draw business away from the proposed D.C. convention headquarters hotel. Reviewing these developments, Heywood Sanders, a professor of public administration at the University of Texas at San Antonio concluded that "Putting in a hotel is no guarantee that it will improve the [Walter E. Washington Convention Center's] performance." But others defended the need for a convention headquarters hotel. Convention center officials and William Hanbury, president and chief executive officer of Washington Convention & Tourism Corp. (a nonprofit group promoting conventions and tourism in the city), blamed the bookings drop on the lack of a headquarters hotel. Hanbury estimated the loss of convention business at $200 million. Additionally, the Washington Post reported that hotel occupancy in the city was still so high that few hotels were willing to give conventions the significant rate discounts they usually received. This, too, was hurting convention center bookings.
Other issues threatened to raise the cost of the hotel and put its viability in question as well. A new sticking point was how many rooms the hotel would have to set aside each night for convention business. Marriott and its finance partners wanted fewer rooms dedicated to convention business so that its operating margins would be higher. Marriott also wanted to build multiple mid-size meeting rooms rather a few large ballrooms. No agreement had been reached on these issues by February 2007, despite several months of negotiations. However, the two sides did agree that the underground portion of the hotel would include a meeting center that would include at least one ballroom and multiple meeting rooms. The long negotiations were, according to RLJ Development executives, leading to higher costs and could lead Marriott and its partners to ask for more public money. The negotiations did not seem to impede construction, however. Construction on the hotel was scheduled to begin in early 2010 in time for a late 2011 opening.
Despite questions about the need for the hotel, private financing fell into place by February 2007. Marriott and RLJ Development announced that Quadrangle Development Corporation was joining the project as a financing partner for the hotel, whose cost had fallen to $550 million. Even though the city had not issued any approval for alley closures, historic building preservation, excavations down to below ground, or zoning changes, the addition of private equity investment in the hotel was considered a positive sign.
Request for more public funds
Not only did existing finance deals fall apart in 2008, but costs on the project rose. As the developers asked for additional public financing, the city's debt cap began to play a role in negotiations.
In February 2007, RLJ Development officials warned that the excessive delay in approving the project was leading to higher costs, and might lead Marriott and its partners to seek additional public funding. City CFO Natwar Gandhi warned in June 2007 that the project risked breaching the city's voluntary debt cap of 12% of total expenditures. Washington, D.C., had a legal debt limit of 17% of expenditures. To improve the city's dismal bond rating and low interest payments, the city adopted a voluntary debt cap of 12%.
Marriott asked for additional public financing in early September 2007. The cost of the facility had risen to $750 million, and a worsening economic climate made less credit available. Marriott and RLJ Development said that, without additional public funds, they would not turn a profit on the hotel. In response, council member Jack Evans (long a supporter of the hotel) suggested that the city cancel the project.
A side-issue involved construction of the meeting center, agreed to in February 2006. At that time, Marriott agreed to let the city build this meeting center on part of Marriott-owned land just north of the convention headquarters hotel site. Marriott would build zoning-required housing on the rest of the land. But Marriott changed its mind, and asked the city to buy the parcel for $50 million. The city declined to do so, which put the February 2006 construction agreement in jeopardy. Even if the city did purchase the land, Marriott would be forced to lease it back for the convention headquarters hotel. The city said it would do so for $5 million a year, but Marriott balked and offered to pay $500,000 to $600,000 a year.
Final construction agreement
To save the project, Marriott agreed to scale back the size of the hotel. Shortly after the request for more public funding, District asked Marriott to cut the cost of the facility by reducing the number of rooms to about 1,000. Marriott agreed to build only 1,150 rooms, and to scrap the underground ballroom and meeting space (saving an estimated $100 million). Marriott and the city also resolved their dispute over the room set-aside for convention business. This issue had been coming to a conclusion since early 2007, when Mayor Fenty gave Marriott a take-it-or-leave-it offer to reserve 80% of the rooms for the convention center, so long as convention center business was booked three years in advance. Marriott agreed to the 80% set-aside in September.
The concessions by Marriott worked. On September 24, 2007, Marriott, WCSA, and the city signed an agreement to jointly finance the 1,150-room hotel.
Design work
Marriott released details about the hotel's ongoing design effort in October 2008, more than a year after the structure's specifications had been agreed to by the city. The company said the convention headquarters hotel would break ground in 2009 and open in 2012. Marriott planned for the hotel to have six restaurants, five at street-level. These first floor restaurants would include a traditional restaurant, a "concept" restaurant, a cafe, a sports bar, and an upscale liquor bar. Marriott submitted its plans to the D.C. zoning commission for approval in November 2008.
The Marriott Marquis' design was submitted to the National Capital Planning Commission in late 2008. The designs outlined a 14-story, hotel with a glass and steel facade. The facade of the historic 1916 Pipefitters building would be incorporated into the facade. The design required digging below ground to build 1,000 parking spaces and two levels of usable space to accommodate of ballroom and meeting room space (which had been restored to the project). The plans also called for a tunnel beneath 9th Street NW to link the hotel and the convention center. The commission, which had approval authority over the development, reported favorably on February 4. The same month, WCSA announced the underwriters for its forthcoming $187 million bond issue (of which $134 million would go toward the hotel).
Third financing agreement
Collapse of private financing
As the recession deepened and the debt crisis worsened, the hotel's developers pleaded for yet more public funding. But in July 2008, city CFO Gandhi repeated his warning from June 2007 that the city would breach its debt cap by doing so. The city had already committed to public funding to redevelop the Southwest waterfront, the O Street Market mixed-use project, and the purchase of Skyland Shopping Center, and Gandhi warned that funding might need to be diverted from these and other projects or the city would be left with just $122 million to spend on development and infrastructure between 2008 and 2014. Marriott tried to calm the city's fears by saying it had not yet approached the capital markets to seek private financing, and would not do so until at least April 2009.
Private financing for the hotel collapsed in June 2009. RLJ Development dropped out of the project some time between September 2007 and June 2009, but Marriott added Capstone Development led by a former Marriott executive, as a new financing partner. However, Marriott, Capstone, and Quadrangle Development were unable to find the funds needed to begin construction. In an attempt to rescue the project, on May 29, WCSA authorized the sale of $750 million in bonds to pay for the hotel. To issue these bonds, WCSA needed city council approval. But with the city facing an $800 million budget deficit in fiscal 2010 and a $1 billion deficit in 2011, such approval seemed unlikely.
The city council began considering in June 2009 whether an additional $100 million in city financing might convince lenders or investors to join the project. On June 7, Capstone said it had $135 million in equity dollars in place, but needed $300 million in lending for that equity to be committed. In mid June, the city council considered transferring funding away from seven other city-backed development projects to fund the hotel, since the council refused to violate the city's debt cap. But several unnamed city council members were unwilling for the city to take a greater equity interest in the hotel after spending $700 million on constructing the new Nationals Park in March 2006.
Third financing package
On June 17, 2009, the city council and WCSA came to an agreement on a new financing plan crafted by city CFO Natwar Gandhi. Under the plan, the city would loan Marriott $80 million in return for Marriott, Capstone, and Quadrangle raising their equity contribution to $320 million from $135 million. To obtain the additional equity money, ING Clarion Real Estate Investment was added as a new partner in the project. The higher equity participation meant that Marriott would no longer need to seek private lending as part of the agreement—which meant construction could go forward without the long delay that would occur while seeking bank loans. The city's total contribution would be $267 million ($135 million in equity financing, $80 million in loans, and $52 million in WCSA bond refinancing), all to be raised by a joint city-WCSA bond issue.
The D.C. City Council voted unanimously on June 29, 2009, in favor of the new financing package. The deal was revised somewhat from the June 17 agreement. The city agreed to issue $225 million in bonds (down from $267 million) in order to give Marriott $159 million in equity financing (an increase from $135 million). TIF revenues from the hotel project itself would pay for $135 million in equity financing, while the other $24 million in equity money would come from other TIF revenue sources in the city. WCSA would contribute a $25 million loan (payable over 25 years) as well as a one-time $22 million grant to build the hotel. The city also agreed to eliminate the requirement that a parking garage be built near the hotel.
The June 29 financing deal passed a second and final vote by the council on July 14, 2009. A $2 million training program (to be paid for by the bond issue) was added to the city's bond issue. The money raised paid the construction contractor to train unemployed city workers in various skilled construction jobs while the hotel was built. Marriott officials said that, with the financing finally in place, groundbreaking would occur in late 2010 and the hotel to open 42 months later.
JBG lawsuit
Initiation of the lawsuit
A subsidiary of JBG Smith, Wardman Investor LLC, filed a notice with the city's Contract Appeals Board in early 2009 to have the entire project set aside for being an "invalid sole source procurement". JBG argued that the original proposal required the hotel to be built on private land and financed with private money. JBG did not submit a proposal because it could not meet these conditions. Subsequently, the city negotiated only with Marriott, eliminated the private investment requirement, added $272 million in public financing, and gave Marriott an "extraordinarily favorable" lease. JBG argued that these changes so altered the terms of the project that it should be put out for public bid again. The appeals board said in July 2009 that JBG lacked standing to protest the award since it never bid on the job. Even if the company did have standing, the appeals board said, it lost the right to protest after the council passed legislation removing the project from the regular contracting process in 2006.
JBG's motive for filing the lawsuit may not have been to contest the construction of the convention headquarters hotel, however. The lawsuit may have been prompted by a dispute between JBG and Marriott blocking the conversion of a portion of the Marriott Wardman Park, which JBG and CIM Group purchased from Thayer Lodging in 2005, into condominiums.
Construction of the Marriott Marquis was placed on hold on September 4, 2009.
The lawsuit continued through the fall of 2009 and into 2010. The D.C. Attorney General asked the court to dismiss the suit on October 11, but the court declined to do so on November 18. The city asked for a reconsideration of its motion on December 1, but the court declined to do so on January 6, 2010.
Counter-suits
Marriott counter-sued JBG on January 14, 2010, accusing JBG of tortious interference in its contractual relations. In support of its claim, Marriott told the court that JBG Cos. officials had threatened Marriott with a convention center lawsuit if it did not renegotiate its Wardman Park deal. The lawsuit significantly delayed financing of the project. No bonds were issued by mid-January 2010, and there were signs that ING Clarion might back out of the project if additional delays occurred. In an attempt to break the deadlock, Council member Jack Evans (a former real estate attorney) tried to mediate the dispute. On January 21, WCSA filed suit against JBG Cos. for tortious interference as well. The city followed suit with yet another tortious interference claim on February 18.
On March 29, 2010, D.C. Superior Court Judge Natalia Combs Greene granted partial summary judgment and a motion to dismiss to Marriott, the city, and WCSA. A partial out-of-court settlement had already been reached by the parties giving JBG Cos. some limited ability to move forward on the condo project, but that agreement now seemed unnecessary given the court's ruling. Public officials were pleased with the court's ruling, and believed the convention headquarters project would move ahead quickly. The amended order can be viewed here. City officials said groundbreaking on the hotel would occur in May or June 2010, and WCSA officials said the construction bonds could brought to the market within 60 to 75 days.
Resolution of the lawsuits
But by June 2010 there was still no agreement over the JBG Cos. lawsuit. All parties had suspended litigation against one another three weeks prior to the district court's decision to give negotiations a chance. But JBG could still appeal the district court's ruling, which brought a halt to talks. With no resolution in sight, the city said on June 3 that it would resume litigation in two days if an agreement was not forthcoming. No resolution was reached, and litigation resumed on June 8.
The parties in the various lawsuits resolved their legal dispute on July 1, 2010. The agreement permitted construction to go ahead on the convention headquarters hotel, but otherwise terms were not disclosed. The agreement precluded a legal appeal by all parties.
The legal dispute had delayed construction on the convention headquarters hotel by another nine months. To get the project restarted, WCSA said it would release its $22 million grant to Marriott and its partners by the end of August 2010 so that ground preparation could begin immediately.
Construction of the hotel
WCSA's bonds reached the market in November 2010. The bond issues included $66.5 million of tax-exempt Build America Bonds (BAB) recovery zone facility bonds, $90 million of taxable BAB recovery zone economic development bonds, and $20.1 million of BAB direct payment bonds—all of which went to fund the convention headquarters hotel. Another $71.8 million of taxable bonds refinanced existing WCSA debt.
Ground was broken for Marriott Marquis Washington, DC on November 10, 2010. Officials announced that the four-star hotel would open in the spring of 2014. Construction was expected to take a full year longer than usual due to the deep excavation needed for the underground levels and the connecting tunnel with the convention center. The cost of the structure was estimated at $520 million.
The business climate for the Marriott Marquis Washington, DC improved dramatically after ground was broken. On May 3, 2011, the hotel received its first convention-related business when the Association of the United States Army agreed to take space in the hotel for 2014, 2015, and 2016. By August 2012, the hotel secured 15 contracts for about 210,000 room nights through 2021. In September 2011, Marriott announced it and Capstone Development would build a Courtyard by Marriott and a Residence Inn by Marriott on Marriott-owned land north of the Marriott Marquis. Together, the hotels would provide 500 rooms. Marriott asked for $35 million in TIF funds from the city for the $172 million project, but the city, which was near its borrowing cap, said it was "not entertaining new TIF applications right now." In June 2012, Marriott signed a $210 million contract to operate four hotels owned by Gaylord Entertainment. The agreement gave Marriott control over the Gaylord Resort Hotel at National Harbor, helping to reduce the competitive impact of that hotel. PKF Hospitality Research reported in July 2012 that demand for hotel rooms in Washington, D.C., was projected to outpace supply through 2016, even with the addition of the Marriott Marquis Washington, DC and other planned and under-construction hotels.
Construction of the hotel began to rise above ground in August 2012, halfway through its construction schedule. Although engineers still had to dig, most of the foundations and below-ground ballroom and meeting room space were complete. Officials said the hotel had to dig a total of below ground. Construction officials said a platform would be built at grade which would support continuing construction below ground as well as construction above it. Marriott was given permission to place 17 mobile trailers on its unused lots north of the construction site in November 2012. The trailers served as temporary offices for the construction foremen and leaders. A grand opening date of May 1, 2014 was set.
The hotel reported booking the annual meetings of the American Academy of Family Physicians (6,500 total attendees) for October 2014, the Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (5,000 total attendees) for July 2015, and the American Dental Association (40,000 total attendees) for November 2015.
Design lawsuit
The hotel's general contractor, Hensel Phelps Construction Co., alleged that Cooper Carry, the hotel's architect of record, failed to properly design the structure. Hensel Phelps identified 20 areas of concern, which included below-grade structures, ceiling materials, door hardware, duct work, the gutter and downspout systems for entrance canopies, the smoke control system, stairwells, the tops of walls in guestrooms, windows, and more. Hensel Phelps also claimed that Cooper Carry failed to perform its work in a timely manner, forcing the contractor to miss deadlines, and violated basic "standard of care" obligations. The two parties engaged in mediation, but were unable to come to an agreement. In October 2015, Hensel Phelps filed an $8.5 million lawsuit against Cooper Carry in federal court.
Hotel opening and operation
The hotel opened on May 1, 2014, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony six weeks later. It was the 4,000th hotel for Marriott International, and with 1,175 rooms, the largest hotel in Washington, DC.
Exterior/structure
The 15-story building includes a 5,200 square-foot outdoor event terrace and seven below-grade levels housing event space, 400 parking spaces, and a tunnel to the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
The exterior of the Neomodern structure is glass and steel. It also incorporates the facade of the historic former headquarters of the American Federation of Labor Building, a Chicago school brick and limestone building built in 1916.
Interior/amenities
The hotel features an atrium with a glass skylight, and a -high lobby sculpture. Roughly of space on the mezzanine overlooks the atrium. Six hospitality suites exist on the mezzanine level. Other amenities include a concierge level lounge with outdoor patio, and a two-story fitness center. The hotel has 1,175 guest rooms, including 46 suites. Two suites are very large "Presidential suites" and six are medium-sized "Vice Presidential suites."
Dining
The lobby has a large bar and lounge area, and there are four separate restaurant spaces. At opening, the restaurants were Anthem, The Dignitary, and High Velocity, while the final restaurant space was vacant.
Anthem is a breakfast-and-lunch-only diner accessible from the hotel lobby serving burgers, sandwiches, and shakes inspired by the Hot Shoppes restaurants co-founded by J. Willard Marriott that preceded Marriott Corporation.
The Dignitary is a cocktail lounge housed in the old Pipefitters Union building with a menu focused on whiskey.
High Velocity is a sports bar with 36 flat-screen TVs and a ticker tape scrolling the latest sports scores visible from L Street and 9th Street.
Arroz was a Spanish restaurant that recently closed. Celebrity chef Mike Isabella signed a deal to open a restaurant in the Marquis in 2016. Upon opening, the restaurant received three stars from food critic Tom Sietsema in The Washington Post. The operators of the restaurant filed for bankruptcy in December 2018.
Meetings/events
Four meeting levels are located underground.
Meeting Level 1, just below the ground floor, contains small meeting rooms.
Meeting Level 2 below it contains the Marquis Ballroom, a room with no columns and high ceilings. The foyer of the ballroom receives natural light from the atrium above. A large delivery area in back permits large exhibits and automobiles to access the ballroom. The Walter E. Washington Convention Center is also accessible from this level via an underground concourse.
Meeting Level 3 contains additional meeting room space, although these rooms are larger than those on Meeting Level 1.
Meeting Level 4 contains two ballrooms, the Independence Ballroom and the Liberty Ballroom. Each ballroom has of column-free space, and -high ceilings. Numerous additional small meeting rooms are also located on this level.
The Marquis has hosted many events, including weddings, charity events, political forums, religious conferences, and an inaugural ball.
Employees
The Marquis had agreed to hire 51% of its employees from Washington, DC residents, and Marriott partnered with Goodwill of Greater Washington to create a hospitality jobs training program, hiring 178 District residents through the program by opening day.
The nearly 900 employees of the Marriott Marquis Washington, DC voted during their orientation, in a card check neutrality election, to join Local 25, UNITE Here which represents hotel workers in the Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Rating
In March 2017, Cvent, an event management company, ranked the Washington Marriott Marquis 72nd in its annual list of the top U.S. hotels for meetings.
References
External links
Marriott hotels
Marriott Marquis
Hotel buildings completed in 2014
Hotels established in 2014
2014 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Modernist architecture in Washington, D.C.
Chicago school architecture in the United States | [
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"-",
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"el",
".",
"If",
"no",
"priv",
"ately",
"owned",
"site",
"was",
"available",
",",
"Williams",
"offered",
"to",
"build",
"the",
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"el",
"on",
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"the",
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"con",
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"center",
",",
"even",
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"a",
"cons",
"ult",
"ant",
"'",
"s",
"report",
"said",
"that",
"would",
"lim",
"it",
"the",
"development",
"potential",
"of",
"that",
"site",
".",
"Williams",
"said",
"a",
"decision",
"on",
"a",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"would",
"be",
"made",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"year",
",",
"and",
"left",
"open",
"the",
"poss",
"ibility",
"that",
"the",
"city",
"would",
"sub",
"sid",
"ize",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"'",
"s",
"fin",
"ancing",
".",
"Real",
"estate",
"de",
"vel",
"oper",
"King",
"don",
"G",
"ould",
"III",
"said",
"he",
"was",
"will",
"ing",
"to",
"build",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"on",
"an",
"lot",
"he",
"owned",
"at",
"the",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"Massachusetts",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"9",
"th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
".",
"Sim",
"ilar",
"ly",
",",
"de",
"vel",
"oper",
"Dou",
"gl",
"as",
"J",
"em",
"al",
"offered",
"a",
"site",
"he",
"owned",
"at",
"7th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"New",
"York",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
".",
"Four",
"pro",
"pos",
"als",
"for",
"the",
"1",
",",
"000",
"-",
"pl",
"us",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"now",
"pr",
"iced",
"at",
"$",
"300",
"million",
",",
"were",
"sub",
"mitted",
"by",
"the",
"August",
"2001",
"dead",
"line",
".",
"They",
"included",
"pro",
"pos",
"als",
"by",
":",
"H",
"ilton",
"Hot",
"els",
"&",
"Res",
"or",
"ts",
",",
"Dou",
"gl",
"as",
"J",
"em",
"al",
",",
"and",
"Land",
"mark",
"Organ",
"ization",
"Inc",
".",
"(",
"a",
"development",
"company",
"based",
"in",
"Aust",
"in",
",",
"Texas",
")",
"for",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"on",
"the",
"nor",
"theast",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"7th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"New",
"York",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
"On",
"y",
"x",
"International",
"for",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"on",
"the",
"north",
"side",
"of",
"Massachusetts",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
"between",
"4th",
"and",
"5th",
"St",
"re",
"ets",
"N",
"W",
"Mon",
"ument",
"Re",
"alty",
"for",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"on",
"K",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"between",
"4th",
"and",
"5th",
"St",
"re",
"ets",
"N",
"W",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"International",
"and",
"King",
"don",
"G",
"ould",
"III",
"for",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"along",
"9",
"th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"between",
"L",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"Massachusetts",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
"Although",
"the",
"city",
"target",
"ed",
"making",
"a",
"decision",
"by",
"December",
"2001",
",",
"the",
"September",
"11",
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"caused",
"a",
"se",
"v",
"ere",
"economic",
"down",
"turn",
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"Washington",
",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".,",
"which",
"caused",
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"city",
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"del",
"ay",
"its",
"decision",
"on",
"the",
"R",
"F",
"P",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"year",
".",
"The",
"award",
"for",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"went",
"to",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"International",
"in",
"October",
"2002",
".",
"The",
"award",
"was",
"not",
"made",
"until",
"October",
"29",
",",
"2002",
".",
"The",
"mayor",
"'",
"s",
"office",
"said",
"the",
"city",
"would",
"probably",
"provide",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"fin",
"ancing",
"to",
"the",
"project",
",",
"which",
"now",
"was",
"pro",
"jected",
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"have",
"1",
",",
"500",
"room",
"s",
",",
"of",
"meeting",
"room",
"space",
",",
"cost",
"$",
"500",
"million",
",",
"and",
"open",
"in",
"late",
"2006",
"or",
"early",
"2007",
".",
"The",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"/",
"G",
"ould",
"b",
"id",
"was",
"ch",
"osen",
"because",
"the",
"land",
"par",
"cel",
"size",
",",
"its",
"location",
"near",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
",",
"and",
"the",
"land",
",",
"which",
"was",
"already",
"owned",
"by",
"the",
"part",
"ners",
".",
"City",
"officials",
"said",
"they",
"intended",
"to",
"ask",
"the",
"Council",
"for",
"legisl",
"ation",
"to",
"establish",
"a",
"non",
"prof",
"it",
"to",
"s",
"ell",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"and",
"own",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"said",
"it",
"would",
"bu",
"y",
"$",
"24",
"million",
"of",
"the",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"to",
"create",
"an",
"own",
"ership",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"which",
"it",
"said",
"would",
"be",
"built",
"by",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"Smith",
".",
"To",
"keep",
"interest",
"on",
"the",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"reason",
"able",
",",
"the",
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"stated",
"it",
"would",
"also",
"seek",
"author",
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"to",
"d",
"iver",
"t",
"up",
"to",
"$",
"19",
"million",
"in",
"general",
"sales",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"in",
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"event",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"did",
"n",
"'",
"t",
"gener",
"ate",
"enough",
"re",
"venue",
"to",
"pay",
"interest",
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"the",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
".",
"In",
"it",
"ial",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"The",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"was",
"controvers",
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".",
"Crit",
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"Charles",
"W",
".",
"Mc",
"Mill",
"ion",
",",
"chief",
"econom",
"ist",
"at",
"the",
"business",
"cons",
"ult",
"ing",
"firm",
"M",
"B",
"G",
"In",
"formation",
"Services",
",",
"arg",
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"that",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"lead",
"to",
"lower",
"sales",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"by",
"red",
"uc",
"ing",
"pressure",
"on",
"hot",
"el",
"room",
"r",
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"throughout",
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"and",
"by",
"keep",
"ing",
"att",
"en",
"de",
"es",
"away",
"from",
"local",
"restaur",
"ants",
"and",
"ret",
"ail",
"business",
"es",
".",
"The",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"critics",
"also",
"noted",
",",
"would",
"not",
"have",
"enough",
"attend",
"ance",
"to",
"make",
"up",
"the",
"lost",
"sales",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
".",
"Ex",
"ecut",
"ives",
"at",
"other",
"hot",
"el",
"ch",
"ains",
"said",
"the",
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"'",
"s",
"fin",
"ancing",
"deal",
"pro",
"jected",
"sales",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"of",
"$",
"40",
"million",
"to",
"$",
"48",
"million",
"a",
"year",
",",
"but",
"a",
"more",
"reason",
"able",
"est",
"imate",
"was",
"$",
"25",
"million",
"to",
"$",
"30",
"million",
"a",
"year",
".",
"City",
"officials",
"counter",
"ed",
"by",
"point",
"ing",
"to",
"the",
"two",
"studies",
"conducted",
"in",
"2000",
"which",
"came",
"to",
"different",
"concl",
"us",
"ions",
",",
"and",
"by",
"not",
"ing",
"that",
"the",
"con",
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"center",
"had",
"prom",
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"those",
"book",
"ing",
"large",
"meet",
"ings",
"at",
"the",
"site",
"that",
"a",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"be",
"open",
"by",
"2007",
".",
"With",
"out",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"these",
"groups",
"could",
"can",
"cel",
"complet",
"ely",
",",
"they",
"said",
".",
"On",
"March",
"29",
",",
"2003",
",",
"the",
"$",
"6",
"00",
"million",
"Walter",
"E",
".",
"Washington",
"Con",
"vention",
"Center",
"officially",
"opened",
".",
"It",
"took",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"year",
"for",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"work",
"out",
"its",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
".",
"On",
"December",
"16",
",",
"2003",
",",
"the",
"mayor",
"'",
"s",
"office",
"finally",
"asked",
"the",
"Council",
"to",
"establish",
"a",
"non",
"prof",
"it",
"ent",
"ity",
"author",
"ized",
"to",
"issue",
"tax",
"-",
"ex",
"empt",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"and",
"bor",
"row",
"$",
"1",
"billion",
".",
"Under",
"the",
"plan",
",",
"$",
"4",
"60",
"million",
"of",
"the",
"b",
"ond",
"issue",
"would",
"go",
"to",
"ward",
"building",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"The",
"city",
"said",
"T",
"ish",
"man",
"Re",
"alty",
"&",
"Con",
"struction",
",",
"not",
"J",
"B",
"G",
",",
"would",
"constru",
"ct",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"The",
"remaining",
"b",
"ond",
"issue",
"would",
"re",
"fin",
"ance",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"'",
"s",
"existing",
"deb",
"t",
"to",
"take",
"adv",
"ant",
"age",
"of",
"much",
"lower",
"interest",
"r",
"ates",
".",
"The",
"b",
"und",
"led",
"deb",
"t",
"issue",
",",
"the",
"mayor",
"'",
"s",
"office",
"said",
",",
"made",
"the",
"b",
"ond",
"issue",
"more",
"attr",
"active",
"to",
"invest",
"ors",
"because",
"it",
"was",
"back",
"ed",
"by",
"re",
"ven",
"ues",
"from",
"two",
"ent",
"ities",
"rather",
"than",
"one",
".",
"To",
"further",
"en",
"sure",
"that",
"the",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"were",
"accepted",
"by",
"Wall",
"Street",
",",
"the",
"city",
"agreed",
"to",
"gu",
"ar",
"an",
"tee",
"a",
"portion",
"of",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"'",
"interest",
"with",
"general",
"sales",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"in",
"case",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"did",
"not",
"cover",
"the",
"interest",
".",
"S",
"iting",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"The",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
"controvers",
"y",
"The",
"mayor",
"and",
"city",
"council",
"were",
"still",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ating",
"over",
"the",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"deal",
"in",
"March",
"2004",
",",
"although",
"both",
"hop",
"ed",
"to",
"have",
"legisl",
"ation",
"passed",
"by",
"May",
".",
"E",
"ven",
"as",
"the",
"Center",
"for",
"Ex",
"hib",
"ition",
"Industr",
"y",
"Research",
"said",
"a",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"was",
"important",
"for",
"the",
"success",
"of",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
",",
"there",
"was",
"concer",
"n",
"by",
"other",
"hot",
"els",
"in",
"the",
"city",
"that",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"had",
"not",
"gener",
"ated",
"enough",
"room",
"n",
"ights",
"to",
"just",
"ify",
"its",
"construction",
".",
"The",
"Washington",
"Post",
"business",
"column",
"ist",
"Ste",
"ven",
"P",
"ear",
"l",
"stein",
"quest",
"ioned",
"in",
"April",
"2004",
"if",
"such",
"a",
"large",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"quest",
"ion",
"ably",
"fin",
"an",
"ced",
"by",
"the",
"city",
",",
"was",
"re",
"ally",
"needed",
"to",
"make",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"prof",
"it",
"able",
".",
"P",
"ear",
"l",
"stein",
"arg",
"ued",
"that",
"two",
"500",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"els",
",",
"built",
"so",
"le",
"ly",
"with",
"private",
"fin",
"ancing",
",",
"would",
"be",
"ade",
"qu",
"ate",
".",
"In",
"April",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"City",
"Council",
"began",
"deb",
"ating",
"whether",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"should",
"be",
"built",
"on",
"the",
"site",
"of",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
".",
"This",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"origin",
"ated",
"with",
"local",
"architect",
"T",
"ed",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
",",
"who",
"proposed",
"constru",
"cting",
"a",
"1",
",",
"500",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
"with",
"ext",
"ensive",
"meeting",
"room",
"space",
"lin",
"ked",
"by",
"a",
"tun",
"nel",
"to",
"the",
"new",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
".",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
"con",
"vin",
"ced",
"several",
"members",
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"the",
"City",
"Council",
"that",
"this",
"would",
"be",
"the",
"best",
"use",
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"land",
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"The",
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"administration",
"strong",
"ly",
"op",
"posed",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
"'",
"s",
"plan",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"next",
"month",
",",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"Williams",
"administration",
"and",
"city",
"council",
"staff",
"met",
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"discuss",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
"'",
"s",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
".",
"Joe",
"S",
"tern",
"lie",
"b",
",",
"head",
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"the",
"Down",
"town",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"Business",
"Im",
"prov",
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"District",
";",
"James",
"A",
".",
"J",
"em",
"ison",
",",
"mayor",
"al",
"plann",
"ing",
"a",
"ide",
";",
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"city",
"development",
"cons",
"ult",
"ant",
"Ron",
"K",
"ap",
"lan",
"met",
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"two",
"to",
"three",
"hours",
"a",
"day",
",",
"three",
"times",
"a",
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",",
"with",
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"staff",
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"offered",
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"ag",
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"a",
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"el",
"and",
"some",
"meeting",
"space",
"so",
"long",
"as",
"the",
"council",
"ap",
"proved",
"the",
"deal",
"by",
"late",
"June",
".",
"But",
"Council",
"Chair",
"Lind",
"a",
"W",
".",
"C",
"rop",
"p",
"and",
"Council",
"Member",
"Jack",
"Ev",
"ans",
"(",
"in",
"whose",
"ward",
"the",
"site",
"was",
"located",
")",
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"the",
"Mar",
"ian",
"i",
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".",
"On",
"July",
"15",
",",
"2004",
",",
"the",
"two",
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"reached",
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"with",
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"Williams",
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".",
"However",
",",
"some",
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"council",
"members",
"and",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"op",
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"Go",
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"a",
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",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"commissioned",
"a",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"from",
"the",
"cons",
"ult",
"ing",
"firm",
"Con",
"vent",
"ions",
",",
"Sports",
"&",
"Le",
"is",
"ure",
"International",
"(",
"C",
"S",
"I",
"L",
").",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"said",
"the",
"report",
"would",
"be",
"ready",
"in",
"August",
"2004",
".",
"The",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"report",
"The",
"C",
"S",
"I",
"L",
"report",
"was",
"complete",
"in",
"October",
"2004",
".",
"The",
"author",
"ity",
"was",
"to",
"vote",
"to",
"accept",
"the",
"cons",
"ult",
"ant",
"'",
"s",
"report",
"on",
"October",
"13",
",",
"2004",
",",
"but",
"del",
"ayed",
"the",
"vote",
"after",
"May",
"or",
"Williams",
"asked",
"for",
"more",
"time",
"to",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ate",
"a",
"sol",
"ution",
".",
"The",
"next",
"day",
",",
"C",
"rop",
"p",
",",
"supported",
"by",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"hospital",
"ity",
"industry",
",",
"again",
"sugg",
"ested",
"that",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"be",
"used",
"for",
"a",
"$",
"4",
"50",
"million",
",",
"1",
",",
"500",
"-",
"room",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"With",
"the",
"two",
"sides",
"se",
"em",
"ing",
"ly",
"dead",
"lock",
"ed",
",",
"Greg",
"F",
"az",
"aker",
"ley",
",",
"a",
"local",
"de",
"vel",
"oper",
"and",
"former",
"president",
"of",
"the",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"Build",
"ing",
"Industr",
"y",
"Association",
",",
"step",
"ped",
"in",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"October",
"to",
"assist",
"the",
"two",
"sides",
"in",
"coming",
"to",
"an",
"agreement",
".",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"then",
"sched",
"uled",
"a",
"vote",
"on",
"the",
"cons",
"ult",
"ant",
"'",
"s",
"report",
"for",
"November",
"4",
".",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"again",
"del",
"ayed",
"its",
"vote",
"until",
"December",
",",
"but",
"released",
"C",
"S",
"I",
"L",
"'",
"s",
"report",
"on",
"November",
"4",
"under",
"pressure",
"from",
"the",
"other",
"parties",
"in",
"the",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
".",
"The",
"report",
"an",
"aly",
"z",
"ed",
"six",
"sites",
"for",
"the",
"potential",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"fin",
"ancing",
"opt",
"ions",
".",
"On",
"December",
"3",
",",
"the",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"board",
"voted",
"in",
"favor",
"of",
"the",
"Williams",
"site",
",",
"but",
"said",
"it",
"would",
"continue",
"to",
"study",
"plac",
"ing",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"some",
"where",
"on",
"New",
"York",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
".",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"said",
"a",
"third",
"opt",
"ion",
"would",
"be",
"to",
"build",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"on",
"the",
"nor",
"theast",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
".",
"C",
"rop",
"p",
"was",
"un",
"h",
"app",
"y",
"with",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"'",
"s",
"action",
",",
"and",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"continued",
"to",
"de",
"fer",
"action",
"on",
"the",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"plan",
".",
"Res",
"olution",
"on",
"the",
"sit",
"ing",
"issue",
"Res",
"olution",
"to",
"the",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
"came",
"in",
"June",
"2005",
",",
"after",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"year",
"del",
"ay",
".",
"By",
"April",
"2005",
",",
"a",
"majority",
"of",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"had",
"come",
"to",
"support",
"the",
"Williams",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
",",
"and",
"the",
"council",
"planned",
"to",
"appro",
"ve",
"the",
"Williams",
"plan",
"on",
"May",
"4",
".",
"But",
"C",
"rop",
"p",
"con",
"vin",
"ced",
"the",
"council",
"to",
"put",
"off",
"the",
"vote",
",",
"arg",
"u",
"ing",
"that",
"the",
"bill",
"still",
"gave",
"the",
"mayor",
"ab",
"sol",
"ute",
"dis",
"cret",
"ion",
"over",
"where",
"to",
"build",
"a",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Williams",
"sub",
"mitted",
"a",
"re",
"vised",
"agreement",
"on",
"May",
"24",
",",
"and",
"the",
"council",
"un",
"anim",
"ously",
"ap",
"proved",
"a",
"plan",
"to",
"red",
"ev",
"el",
"op",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"on",
"June",
"6",
",",
"2005",
".",
"The",
"agreement",
"said",
"that",
"of",
"land",
"on",
"the",
"nor",
"theast",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"would",
"remain",
"un",
"developed",
"p",
"ending",
"council",
"res",
"olution",
"of",
"what",
"to",
"do",
"with",
"the",
"property",
".",
"Under",
"the",
"plan",
",",
"the",
"council",
"also",
"re",
"tained",
"author",
"ity",
"to",
"change",
"the",
"site",
"of",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"at",
"any",
"time",
".",
"Ob",
"tain",
"ing",
"more",
"land",
"P",
"urch",
"ase",
"of",
"the",
"P",
"ipe",
"fit",
"ters",
"building",
"Further",
"com",
"plic",
"ating",
"mat",
"ters",
"was",
"a",
"$",
"30",
"million",
"b",
"id",
"in",
"August",
"2005",
"by",
"Philadelphia",
"-",
"based",
"real",
"estate",
"development",
"company",
"Lu",
"bert",
"-",
"Ad",
"ler",
"Management",
"to",
"purch",
"ase",
"a",
"par",
"cel",
"of",
"land",
"on",
"the",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"9",
"th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"Massachusetts",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
".",
"This",
"land",
"was",
"owned",
"by",
"a",
"trade",
"union",
",",
"the",
"United",
"Association",
"of",
"J",
"our",
"ney",
"men",
"and",
"Ap",
"pr",
"ent",
"ices",
"of",
"the",
"Pl",
"umb",
"ing",
"and",
"P",
"ipe",
"F",
"itting",
"Industr",
"y",
"(",
"the",
"P",
"ipe",
"fit",
"ters",
"),",
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"the",
"union",
"'",
"s",
"American",
"Federation",
"of",
"Labor",
"Build",
"ing",
",",
"its",
"historic",
",",
"90",
"-",
"year",
"-",
"old",
"head",
"quarters",
"occup",
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"the",
"site",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
",",
"G",
"ould",
",",
"and",
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"hop",
"ed",
"to",
"conv",
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"the",
"P",
"ipe",
"fit",
"ters",
"to",
"s",
"ell",
"their",
"building",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"development",
".",
"To",
"prevent",
"the",
"Lu",
"bert",
"-",
"Ad",
"ler",
"purch",
"ase",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"placed",
"a",
"$",
"9",
"00",
",",
"000",
"de",
"pos",
"it",
"on",
"the",
"P",
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"fit",
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"'",
"property",
",",
"and",
"pl",
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"ged",
"that",
"the",
"historic",
"building",
"would",
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"incorporated",
"into",
"the",
"new",
"hot",
"el",
"rather",
"than",
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"ol",
"ished",
".",
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"August",
"22",
",",
"the",
"P",
"ipe",
"fit",
"ters",
"agreed",
"to",
"s",
"ell",
"their",
"par",
"cel",
"to",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"for",
"$",
"30",
"million",
".",
"This",
"s",
"ale",
"significant",
"ly",
"str",
"eng",
"then",
"ed",
"the",
"appe",
"al",
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"Williams",
"-",
"pre",
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"red",
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".",
"The",
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"quarters",
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"el",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"received",
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"major",
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"ost",
"on",
"September",
"11",
",",
"2005",
",",
"when",
"a",
"second",
"report",
"by",
"C",
"S",
"I",
"L",
"concl",
"uded",
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"$",
"4",
"17",
"million",
",",
"1",
",",
"200",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
"with",
"of",
"meeting",
"space",
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"6",
"00",
"park",
"ing",
"sp",
"aces",
"would",
"be",
"fin",
"anc",
"ially",
"vi",
"able",
".",
"C",
"S",
"I",
"L",
"said",
"that",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"constructed",
"on",
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"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"would",
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"12",
"to",
"15",
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"longer",
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"build",
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"cost",
"$",
"12",
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".",
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"any",
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"attempt",
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"build",
"on",
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"old",
"con",
"vention",
"site",
".",
"The",
"G",
"ould",
"land",
"sw",
"ap",
"After",
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"ap",
"prov",
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"site",
",",
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"don",
"G",
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"III",
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"i",
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"'",
"s",
"land",
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"ol",
"ve",
".",
"The",
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"ne",
"got",
"i",
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".",
"G",
"ould",
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"pro",
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"al",
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"Mar",
"ri",
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"build",
"the",
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"el",
",",
"and",
"se",
"em",
"ed",
"will",
"ing",
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"use",
"his",
"land",
"for",
"it",
".",
"But",
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"some",
"point",
"between",
"October",
"2002",
"and",
"January",
"2006",
",",
"it",
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"fin",
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"head",
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"el",
"could",
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"many",
"property",
"own",
"ers",
".",
"G",
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"small",
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"hol",
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"project",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"to",
"ob",
"tain",
"his",
"land",
".",
"In",
"it",
"ially",
",",
"the",
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"G",
"ould",
"discuss",
"ed",
"two",
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":",
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"G",
"ould",
"'",
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"land",
"ou",
"tr",
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",",
"or",
"per",
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"G",
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"sw",
"ap",
"his",
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"-",
"owned",
"land",
"el",
"se",
"where",
".",
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"sides",
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"sw",
"ap",
",",
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"i",
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"G",
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"arg",
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"his",
"par",
"cel",
"(",
"val",
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"$",
"72",
".",
"6",
"million",
")",
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"more",
"val",
"u",
"able",
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"city",
"-",
"owned",
"par",
"cel",
"on",
"the",
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"corn",
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"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
"(",
"val",
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"at",
"$",
"75",
".",
"9",
"million",
").",
"Further",
"more",
",",
"G",
"ould",
"wanted",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"changes",
"made",
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"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
".",
"City",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"law",
"s",
"required",
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"200",
"units",
"of",
"housing",
"be",
"built",
"on",
"the",
"site",
".",
"G",
"ould",
"wanted",
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"ar",
"an",
"te",
"es",
"that",
"he",
"would",
"receive",
"a",
"wa",
"iver",
"for",
"this",
"reg",
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".",
"On",
"January",
"26",
",",
"2006",
",",
"G",
"ould",
"agreed",
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"sw",
"ap",
"a",
"lot",
"on",
"the",
"sou",
"theast",
"corn",
"er",
"of",
"9",
"th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"and",
"Massachusetts",
"Avenue",
"N",
"W",
"for",
"a",
"similar",
"-",
"s",
"ized",
"city",
"-",
"owned",
"lot",
"at",
"the",
"site",
"of",
"the",
"former",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
".",
"The",
"deal",
"required",
"city",
"council",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
",",
"however",
".",
"The",
"agreement",
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"said",
",",
"in",
"part",
",",
"that",
"the",
"city",
"would",
"seek",
"changes",
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"rest",
"r",
"ict",
"ive",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"reg",
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"on",
"the",
"old",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"site",
".",
"Loc",
"al",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
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"200",
"units",
"of",
"housing",
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"built",
"on",
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"old",
"con",
"vention",
"site",
".",
"The",
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"int",
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"signed",
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"G",
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"'",
"s",
"companies",
",",
"P",
"M",
"I",
"Park",
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",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"largest",
"park",
"ing",
"lot",
"and",
"park",
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"gar",
"age",
"companies",
"in",
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"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"met",
"ro",
"area",
",",
"the",
"manager",
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"park",
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"gar",
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"new",
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"fe",
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"pay",
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"city",
"did",
"not",
"act",
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"sw",
"ap",
".",
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"site",
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"red",
"by",
"Williams",
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"not",
"large",
"enough",
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"planned",
"hot",
"el",
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"-",
"owned",
"l",
"ots",
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"area",
"not",
"cont",
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"u",
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",",
"G",
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"'",
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"land",
"sw",
"ap",
"created",
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"more",
"un",
"ified",
"site",
"with",
"few",
"er",
"own",
"ers",
".",
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"February",
"2007",
",",
"the",
"land",
"sw",
"ap",
"agreement",
"still",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"final",
"ized",
".",
"The",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"changes",
"had",
"not",
"occurred",
",",
"although",
"city",
"officials",
"pl",
"ed",
"ged",
"they",
"were",
"coming",
".",
"No",
"agreement",
"over",
"park",
"ing",
"gar",
"age",
"management",
"had",
"been",
"signed",
",",
"either",
".",
"The",
"city",
"decl",
"ined",
"to",
"get",
"involved",
"in",
"operation",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"and",
"ad",
"vised",
"G",
"ould",
"to",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ate",
"with",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"about",
"park",
"ing",
"gar",
"age",
"management",
".",
"The",
"long",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"tr",
"ig",
"g",
"ered",
"the",
"late",
"-",
"fe",
"e",
"cl",
"ause",
"that",
"required",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"pay",
"G",
"ould",
"$",
"2",
".",
"2",
"million",
".",
"This",
",",
"too",
",",
"del",
"ayed",
"the",
"sw",
"ap",
",",
"since",
"pay",
"ment",
"of",
"fe",
"es",
"gre",
"ater",
"than",
"$",
"1",
"million",
"required",
"city",
"council",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
".",
"In",
"September",
",",
"G",
"ould",
"and",
"the",
"city",
"public",
"acc",
"used",
"each",
"other",
"of",
"st",
"all",
"ing",
"the",
"deal",
".",
"The",
"G",
"ould",
"land",
"sw",
"ap",
"deal",
"was",
"finally",
"ap",
"proved",
"by",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"on",
"November",
"1",
",",
"2007",
".",
"It",
"had",
"taken",
"22",
"months",
"to",
"change",
"local",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"reg",
"ulations",
"so",
"G",
"ould",
"was",
"ex",
"emp",
"ted",
"from",
"building",
"housing",
"on",
"the",
"new",
"site",
".",
"M",
"is",
"cell",
"ane",
"ous",
"other",
"land",
"par",
"c",
"els",
"The",
"city",
"had",
"tr",
"ou",
"ble",
"ob",
"tain",
"ing",
"title",
"to",
"other",
"pie",
"ces",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"site",
"as",
"well",
".",
"Two",
"small",
"par",
"c",
"els",
"on",
"9",
"th",
"and",
"L",
"St",
"re",
"ets",
"N",
"W",
"still",
"remained",
"in",
"their",
"own",
"ers",
"'",
"hand",
"s",
"in",
"early",
"2007",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"city",
"could",
"have",
"used",
"its",
"em",
"in",
"ent",
"dom",
"ain",
"p",
"owers",
"(",
"ap",
"proved",
"in",
"June",
"2006",
"),",
"it",
"instead",
"eng",
"aged",
"in",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"over",
"the",
"pr",
"ice",
"of",
"the",
"land",
".",
"These",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"took",
"nearly",
"two",
"years",
".",
"It",
"was",
"not",
"until",
"December",
"2006",
"that",
"the",
"city",
"used",
"its",
"em",
"in",
"ent",
"dom",
"ain",
"p",
"owers",
"to",
"sec",
"ure",
"the",
"land",
".",
"First",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pack",
"age",
"With",
"council",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
"of",
"the",
"sit",
"ing",
"plan",
"complete",
"in",
"June",
"2005",
",",
"the",
"council",
"came",
"under",
"pressure",
"to",
"appro",
"ve",
"the",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pack",
"age",
"for",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"But",
"with",
"little",
"movement",
"on",
"the",
"issue",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
",",
"the",
"development",
"fund",
"owned",
"by",
"billion",
"a",
"ire",
"c",
"able",
"executive",
"h",
"edge",
"fund",
"owner",
"Robert",
"L",
".",
"Johnson",
",",
"said",
"on",
"September",
"11",
",",
"2005",
",",
"that",
"they",
"were",
"working",
"on",
"a",
"plan",
"to",
"priv",
"ately",
"fin",
"ance",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"and",
"avo",
"id",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"al",
"together",
".",
"But",
"no",
"private",
"fin",
"ancing",
"fell",
"into",
"place",
",",
"either",
".",
"In",
"February",
"2006",
",",
"May",
"or",
"Williams",
"res",
"ub",
"mitted",
"to",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"his",
"three",
"-",
"year",
"-",
"old",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"for",
"public",
"fin",
"ancing",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"With",
"the",
"likely",
"cost",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"now",
"at",
"$",
"6",
"50",
"million",
",",
"Williams",
"asked",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"s",
"ell",
"$",
"187",
"million",
"in",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"to",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
",",
"which",
"in",
"turn",
"would",
"s",
"ell",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"based",
"on",
"its",
"own",
"re",
"ven",
"ues",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"those",
"of",
"the",
"T",
"I",
"F",
".",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"would",
"use",
"its",
"own",
"b",
"ond",
"sales",
"to",
"pay",
"$",
"187",
"million",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"'",
"s",
"construction",
"cost",
"s",
",",
"with",
"the",
"remain",
"der",
"to",
"be",
"priv",
"ately",
"fin",
"an",
"ced",
"by",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
".",
"The",
"Williams",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"also",
"le",
"ased",
"the",
"public",
"ly",
"owned",
"land",
"to",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"its",
"part",
"ners",
"for",
"99",
"years",
"at",
"a",
"cost",
"of",
"$",
"37",
"million",
".",
"The",
"deal",
"per",
"mitted",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"to",
"build",
"a",
"1",
",",
"4",
"34",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
"with",
"of",
"meeting",
"space",
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"6",
"00",
"park",
"ing",
"sp",
"aces",
".",
"Addition",
"ally",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"would",
"per",
"mit",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"to",
"build",
"a",
"meeting",
"center",
"on",
"the",
"site",
".",
"(",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"said",
"it",
"would",
"fin",
"ance",
"this",
"center",
"separ",
"ately",
"from",
"the",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"ale",
".)",
"Although",
"city",
"chief",
"financial",
"officer",
"Nat",
"war",
"G",
"and",
"hi",
"dou",
"b",
"ted",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"gener",
"ate",
"enough",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"to",
"meet",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"ne",
"eds",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"cons",
"ult",
"ant",
"Mun",
"i",
"Cap",
"estimated",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"gener",
"ate",
"$",
"44",
".",
"2",
"million",
"in",
"tax",
"re",
"venue",
"three",
"years",
"after",
"its",
"complet",
"ion",
".",
"To",
"en",
"sure",
"that",
"construction",
"began",
"by",
"2008",
",",
"the",
"legisl",
"ation",
"also",
"contain",
"ed",
"em",
"in",
"ent",
"dom",
"ain",
"language",
"allow",
"ing",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"ob",
"tain",
"title",
"to",
"two",
"small",
"proper",
"ties",
"within",
"the",
"par",
"cel",
"which",
"it",
"had",
"not",
"yet",
"acquired",
".",
"Ap",
"prov",
"al",
"of",
"this",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pack",
"age",
"was",
"rel",
"atively",
"sw",
"ift",
".",
"In",
"June",
"2006",
",",
"the",
"council",
"passed",
"the",
"Williams",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
".",
"On",
"ly",
"$",
"13",
"5",
"million",
"in",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"were",
"ap",
"proved",
",",
"but",
"the",
"em",
"in",
"ent",
"dom",
"ain",
"prov",
"isions",
"were",
"included",
"as",
"sub",
"mitted",
".",
"In",
"November",
"2006",
",",
"A",
"dr",
"ian",
"F",
"ent",
"y",
"was",
"elected",
"mayor",
"of",
"Washington",
",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".,",
"after",
"Anth",
"ony",
"Williams",
"decl",
"ined",
"to",
"seek",
"a",
"third",
"term",
"in",
"office",
".",
"F",
"ent",
"y",
"was",
"s",
"wor",
"n",
"into",
"office",
"in",
"January",
"2007",
".",
"Second",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pack",
"age",
"and",
"construction",
"agreement",
"Fin",
"ancial",
"vi",
"ability",
"and",
"fin",
"ancing",
"concer",
"ns",
"Con",
"cer",
"ns",
"about",
"the",
"vi",
"ability",
"of",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"occurred",
"again",
"in",
"2007",
".",
"Con",
"vention",
"hot",
"el",
"room",
"book",
"ings",
"in",
"Washington",
",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".,",
"fell",
"13",
"%",
"in",
"2006",
"and",
"were",
"estimated",
"to",
"fall",
"another",
"24",
"%",
"in",
"2007",
"and",
"29",
"%",
"in",
"2008",
",",
"bring",
"ing",
"into",
"quest",
"ion",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"a",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"In",
"Bal",
"tim",
"ore",
",",
"Maryland",
",",
"a",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"ap",
"proved",
"in",
"2006",
"failed",
"to",
"bo",
"ost",
"con",
"vention",
"book",
"ings",
".",
"Further",
"more",
",",
"G",
"ay",
"l",
"ord",
"Entertainment",
"Company",
"was",
"constru",
"cting",
"a",
"2",
",",
"000",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
"and",
"meeting",
"complex",
"at",
"its",
"G",
"ay",
"l",
"ord",
"National",
"Res",
"ort",
"&",
"Con",
"vention",
"Center",
"in",
"Prince",
"George",
"'",
"s",
"County",
",",
"Maryland",
",",
"just",
"across",
"the",
"city",
"line",
".",
"The",
"G",
"ay",
"l",
"ord",
"complex",
",",
"the",
"Washington",
"Post",
"said",
",",
"was",
"likely",
"to",
"draw",
"business",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"proposed",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Review",
"ing",
"these",
"develop",
"ments",
",",
"He",
"y",
"wood",
"Sand",
"ers",
",",
"a",
"professor",
"of",
"public",
"administration",
"at",
"the",
"University",
"of",
"Texas",
"at",
"San",
"Anton",
"io",
"concl",
"uded",
"that",
"\"",
"P",
"ut",
"ting",
"in",
"a",
"hot",
"el",
"is",
"no",
"gu",
"ar",
"an",
"tee",
"that",
"it",
"will",
"im",
"prove",
"the",
"[",
"Walter",
"E",
".",
"Washington",
"Con",
"vention",
"Center",
"'",
"s",
"]",
"performance",
".\"",
"But",
"others",
"def",
"ended",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"a",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Con",
"vention",
"center",
"officials",
"and",
"William",
"Han",
"bury",
",",
"president",
"and",
"chief",
"executive",
"officer",
"of",
"Washington",
"Con",
"vention",
"&",
"Tour",
"ism",
"Cor",
"p",
".",
"(",
"a",
"non",
"prof",
"it",
"group",
"promot",
"ing",
"con",
"vent",
"ions",
"and",
"tour",
"ism",
"in",
"the",
"city",
"),",
"bl",
"amed",
"the",
"book",
"ings",
"drop",
"on",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"a",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Han",
"bury",
"estimated",
"the",
"loss",
"of",
"con",
"vention",
"business",
"at",
"$",
"200",
"million",
".",
"Addition",
"ally",
",",
"the",
"Washington",
"Post",
"reported",
"that",
"hot",
"el",
"occup",
"ancy",
"in",
"the",
"city",
"was",
"still",
"so",
"high",
"that",
"few",
"hot",
"els",
"were",
"will",
"ing",
"to",
"give",
"con",
"vent",
"ions",
"the",
"significant",
"rate",
"dis",
"coun",
"ts",
"they",
"usually",
"received",
".",
"This",
",",
"too",
",",
"was",
"hur",
"ting",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"book",
"ings",
".",
"Other",
"issues",
"threat",
"ened",
"to",
"ra",
"ise",
"the",
"cost",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"and",
"put",
"its",
"vi",
"ability",
"in",
"quest",
"ion",
"as",
"well",
".",
"A",
"new",
"st",
"ick",
"ing",
"point",
"was",
"how",
"many",
"room",
"s",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"have",
"to",
"set",
"as",
"ide",
"each",
"night",
"for",
"con",
"vention",
"business",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"its",
"fin",
"ance",
"part",
"ners",
"wanted",
"few",
"er",
"room",
"s",
"dedicated",
"to",
"con",
"vention",
"business",
"so",
"that",
"its",
"operating",
"m",
"arg",
"ins",
"would",
"be",
"higher",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"also",
"wanted",
"to",
"build",
"multiple",
"mid",
"-",
"size",
"meeting",
"room",
"s",
"rather",
"a",
"few",
"large",
"ball",
"room",
"s",
".",
"No",
"agreement",
"had",
"been",
"reached",
"on",
"these",
"issues",
"by",
"February",
"2007",
",",
"despite",
"several",
"months",
"of",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"two",
"sides",
"did",
"ag",
"ree",
"that",
"the",
"under",
"ground",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"include",
"a",
"meeting",
"center",
"that",
"would",
"include",
"at",
"least",
"one",
"ball",
"room",
"and",
"multiple",
"meeting",
"room",
"s",
".",
"The",
"long",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"were",
",",
"according",
"to",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
"execut",
"ives",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"higher",
"cost",
"s",
"and",
"could",
"lead",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"its",
"part",
"ners",
"to",
"ask",
"for",
"more",
"public",
"money",
".",
"The",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"did",
"not",
"se",
"em",
"to",
"im",
"ped",
"e",
"construction",
",",
"however",
".",
"Con",
"struction",
"on",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"was",
"sched",
"uled",
"to",
"be",
"gin",
"in",
"early",
"2010",
"in",
"time",
"for",
"a",
"late",
"2011",
"opening",
".",
"Despite",
"quest",
"ions",
"about",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"private",
"fin",
"ancing",
"fell",
"into",
"place",
"by",
"February",
"2007",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
"announced",
"that",
"Qu",
"ad",
"ran",
"g",
"le",
"Development",
"Corporation",
"was",
"join",
"ing",
"the",
"project",
"as",
"a",
"fin",
"ancing",
"part",
"ner",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"whose",
"cost",
"had",
"fall",
"en",
"to",
"$",
"5",
"50",
"million",
".",
"E",
"ven",
"though",
"the",
"city",
"had",
"not",
"issued",
"any",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
"for",
"al",
"ley",
"clos",
"ures",
",",
"historic",
"building",
"preser",
"vation",
",",
"ex",
"c",
"av",
"ations",
"down",
"to",
"below",
"ground",
",",
"or",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"changes",
",",
"the",
"addition",
"of",
"private",
"equ",
"ity",
"invest",
"ment",
"in",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"was",
"considered",
"a",
"positive",
"sign",
".",
"Re",
"quest",
"for",
"more",
"public",
"fund",
"s",
"Not",
"only",
"did",
"existing",
"fin",
"ance",
"de",
"als",
"fall",
"apart",
"in",
"2008",
",",
"but",
"cost",
"s",
"on",
"the",
"project",
"ro",
"se",
".",
"As",
"the",
"develop",
"ers",
"asked",
"for",
"additional",
"public",
"fin",
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",",
"the",
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"'",
"s",
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"t",
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"began",
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"ne",
"got",
"i",
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".",
"In",
"February",
"2007",
",",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
"officials",
"war",
"ned",
"that",
"the",
"ex",
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"ive",
"del",
"ay",
"in",
"ap",
"prov",
"ing",
"the",
"project",
"was",
"leading",
"to",
"higher",
"cost",
"s",
",",
"and",
"might",
"lead",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"its",
"part",
"ners",
"to",
"seek",
"additional",
"public",
"fund",
"ing",
".",
"City",
"C",
"F",
"O",
"Nat",
"war",
"G",
"and",
"hi",
"war",
"ned",
"in",
"June",
"2007",
"that",
"the",
"project",
"ris",
"ked",
"bre",
"ach",
"ing",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"vol",
"unt",
"ary",
"deb",
"t",
"cap",
"of",
"12",
"%",
"of",
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"exp",
"end",
"it",
"ures",
".",
"Washington",
",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".,",
"had",
"a",
"legal",
"deb",
"t",
"lim",
"it",
"of",
"17",
"%",
"of",
"exp",
"end",
"it",
"ures",
".",
"To",
"im",
"prove",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"dis",
"mal",
"b",
"ond",
"r",
"ating",
"and",
"low",
"interest",
"pay",
"ments",
",",
"the",
"city",
"adopted",
"a",
"vol",
"unt",
"ary",
"deb",
"t",
"cap",
"of",
"12",
"%",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"asked",
"for",
"additional",
"public",
"fin",
"ancing",
"in",
"early",
"September",
"2007",
".",
"The",
"cost",
"of",
"the",
"fac",
"ility",
"had",
"ris",
"en",
"to",
"$",
"7",
"50",
"million",
",",
"and",
"a",
"wor",
"sen",
"ing",
"economic",
"cl",
"imate",
"made",
"less",
"cred",
"it",
"available",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
"said",
"that",
",",
"without",
"additional",
"public",
"fund",
"s",
",",
"they",
"would",
"not",
"turn",
"a",
"prof",
"it",
"on",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"In",
"response",
",",
"council",
"member",
"Jack",
"Ev",
"ans",
"(",
"long",
"a",
"sup",
"por",
"ter",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
")",
"sugg",
"ested",
"that",
"the",
"city",
"can",
"cel",
"the",
"project",
".",
"A",
"side",
"-",
"issue",
"involved",
"construction",
"of",
"the",
"meeting",
"center",
",",
"agreed",
"to",
"in",
"February",
"2006",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"agreed",
"to",
"let",
"the",
"city",
"build",
"this",
"meeting",
"center",
"on",
"part",
"of",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"-",
"owned",
"land",
"just",
"north",
"of",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"site",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"would",
"build",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"-",
"required",
"housing",
"on",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"land",
".",
"But",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"changed",
"its",
"m",
"ind",
",",
"and",
"asked",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"bu",
"y",
"the",
"par",
"cel",
"for",
"$",
"50",
"million",
".",
"The",
"city",
"decl",
"ined",
"to",
"do",
"so",
",",
"which",
"put",
"the",
"February",
"2006",
"construction",
"agreement",
"in",
"je",
"op",
"ard",
"y",
".",
"E",
"ven",
"if",
"the",
"city",
"did",
"purch",
"ase",
"the",
"land",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"would",
"be",
"forced",
"to",
"le",
"ase",
"it",
"back",
"for",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"The",
"city",
"said",
"it",
"would",
"do",
"so",
"for",
"$",
"5",
"million",
"a",
"year",
",",
"but",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"bal",
"ked",
"and",
"offered",
"to",
"pay",
"$",
"500",
",",
"000",
"to",
"$",
"6",
"00",
",",
"000",
"a",
"year",
".",
"Final",
"construction",
"agreement",
"To",
"s",
"ave",
"the",
"project",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"agreed",
"to",
"scale",
"back",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Short",
"ly",
"after",
"the",
"requ",
"est",
"for",
"more",
"public",
"fund",
"ing",
",",
"District",
"asked",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"to",
"cut",
"the",
"cost",
"of",
"the",
"fac",
"ility",
"by",
"red",
"uc",
"ing",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"room",
"s",
"to",
"about",
"1",
",",
"000",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"agreed",
"to",
"build",
"only",
"1",
",",
"150",
"room",
"s",
",",
"and",
"to",
"scr",
"ap",
"the",
"under",
"ground",
"ball",
"room",
"and",
"meeting",
"space",
"(",
"s",
"aving",
"an",
"estimated",
"$",
"100",
"million",
").",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"the",
"city",
"also",
"res",
"ol",
"ved",
"their",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
"over",
"the",
"room",
"set",
"-",
"as",
"ide",
"for",
"con",
"vention",
"business",
".",
"This",
"issue",
"had",
"been",
"coming",
"to",
"a",
"concl",
"usion",
"since",
"early",
"2007",
",",
"when",
"May",
"or",
"F",
"ent",
"y",
"gave",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"a",
"take",
"-",
"it",
"-",
"or",
"-",
"leave",
"-",
"it",
"offer",
"to",
"res",
"erve",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"room",
"s",
"for",
"the",
"con",
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"center",
",",
"so",
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"as",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"business",
"was",
"book",
"ed",
"three",
"years",
"in",
"adv",
"ance",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"agreed",
"to",
"the",
"80",
"%",
"set",
"-",
"as",
"ide",
"in",
"September",
".",
"The",
"con",
"cess",
"ions",
"by",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"worked",
".",
"On",
"September",
"24",
",",
"2007",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
",",
"and",
"the",
"city",
"signed",
"an",
"agreement",
"to",
"joint",
"ly",
"fin",
"ance",
"the",
"1",
",",
"150",
"-",
"room",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"Design",
"work",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"released",
"det",
"ails",
"about",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"'",
"s",
"ongo",
"ing",
"design",
"ef",
"fort",
"in",
"October",
"2008",
",",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"year",
"after",
"the",
"structure",
"'",
"s",
"specific",
"ations",
"had",
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"agreed",
"to",
"by",
"the",
"city",
".",
"The",
"company",
"said",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"would",
"break",
"ground",
"in",
"2009",
"and",
"open",
"in",
"2012",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"planned",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"to",
"have",
"six",
"restaur",
"ants",
",",
"five",
"at",
"street",
"-",
"level",
".",
"These",
"first",
"floor",
"restaur",
"ants",
"would",
"include",
"a",
"traditional",
"restaur",
"ant",
",",
"a",
"\"",
"concept",
"\"",
"restaur",
"ant",
",",
"a",
"c",
"af",
"e",
",",
"a",
"sports",
"bar",
",",
"and",
"an",
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"scale",
"li",
"qu",
"or",
"bar",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"sub",
"mitted",
"its",
"plans",
"to",
"the",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"z",
"on",
"ing",
"commission",
"for",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
"in",
"November",
"2008",
".",
"The",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"Mar",
"qu",
"is",
"'",
"design",
"was",
"sub",
"mitted",
"to",
"the",
"National",
"Cap",
"ital",
"Pl",
"anning",
"Commission",
"in",
"late",
"2008",
".",
"The",
"design",
"s",
"out",
"lin",
"ed",
"a",
"14",
"-",
"story",
",",
"hot",
"el",
"with",
"a",
"gl",
"ass",
"and",
"ste",
"el",
"fac",
"ade",
".",
"The",
"fac",
"ade",
"of",
"the",
"historic",
"1916",
"P",
"ipe",
"fit",
"ters",
"building",
"would",
"be",
"incorporated",
"into",
"the",
"fac",
"ade",
".",
"The",
"design",
"required",
"dig",
"ging",
"below",
"ground",
"to",
"build",
"1",
",",
"000",
"park",
"ing",
"sp",
"aces",
"and",
"two",
"levels",
"of",
"us",
"able",
"space",
"to",
"ac",
"comm",
"od",
"ate",
"of",
"ball",
"room",
"and",
"meeting",
"room",
"space",
"(",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"rest",
"ored",
"to",
"the",
"project",
").",
"The",
"plans",
"also",
"called",
"for",
"a",
"tun",
"nel",
"bene",
"ath",
"9",
"th",
"Street",
"N",
"W",
"to",
"lin",
"k",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"and",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
".",
"The",
"commission",
",",
"which",
"had",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
"author",
"ity",
"over",
"the",
"development",
",",
"reported",
"favor",
"ably",
"on",
"February",
"4",
".",
"The",
"same",
"month",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"announced",
"the",
"under",
"writers",
"for",
"its",
"for",
"th",
"coming",
"$",
"187",
"million",
"b",
"ond",
"issue",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"$",
"13",
"4",
"million",
"would",
"go",
"to",
"ward",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
").",
"Third",
"fin",
"ancing",
"agreement",
"C",
"oll",
"ap",
"se",
"of",
"private",
"fin",
"ancing",
"As",
"the",
"re",
"cess",
"ion",
"deep",
"ened",
"and",
"the",
"deb",
"t",
"cr",
"is",
"is",
"wor",
"sen",
"ed",
",",
"the",
"hot",
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"'",
"s",
"develop",
"ers",
"p",
"lead",
"ed",
"for",
"yet",
"more",
"public",
"fund",
"ing",
".",
"But",
"in",
"July",
"2008",
",",
"city",
"C",
"F",
"O",
"G",
"and",
"hi",
"repe",
"ated",
"his",
"war",
"ning",
"from",
"June",
"2007",
"that",
"the",
"city",
"would",
"bre",
"ach",
"its",
"deb",
"t",
"cap",
"by",
"do",
"ing",
"so",
".",
"The",
"city",
"had",
"already",
"commit",
"ted",
"to",
"public",
"fund",
"ing",
"to",
"red",
"ev",
"el",
"op",
"the",
"South",
"west",
"water",
"front",
",",
"the",
"O",
"Street",
"Mark",
"et",
"mixed",
"-",
"use",
"project",
",",
"and",
"the",
"purch",
"ase",
"of",
"Sk",
"y",
"land",
"Sh",
"opp",
"ing",
"Center",
",",
"and",
"G",
"and",
"hi",
"war",
"ned",
"that",
"fund",
"ing",
"might",
"need",
"to",
"be",
"d",
"iver",
"ted",
"from",
"these",
"and",
"other",
"projects",
"or",
"the",
"city",
"would",
"be",
"left",
"with",
"just",
"$",
"12",
"2",
"million",
"to",
"sp",
"end",
"on",
"development",
"and",
"in",
"fr",
"astr",
"u",
"cture",
"between",
"2008",
"and",
"2014",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"tr",
"ied",
"to",
"cal",
"m",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"f",
"ear",
"s",
"by",
"saying",
"it",
"had",
"not",
"yet",
"approach",
"ed",
"the",
"capital",
"mark",
"ets",
"to",
"seek",
"private",
"fin",
"ancing",
",",
"and",
"would",
"not",
"do",
"so",
"until",
"at",
"least",
"April",
"2009",
".",
"Pr",
"iv",
"ate",
"fin",
"ancing",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"coll",
"aps",
"ed",
"in",
"June",
"2009",
".",
"R",
"L",
"J",
"Development",
"drop",
"ped",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"project",
"some",
"time",
"between",
"September",
"2007",
"and",
"June",
"2009",
",",
"but",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"added",
"Cap",
"stone",
"Development",
"led",
"by",
"a",
"former",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"executive",
",",
"as",
"a",
"new",
"fin",
"ancing",
"part",
"ner",
".",
"However",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
",",
"Cap",
"stone",
",",
"and",
"Qu",
"ad",
"ran",
"g",
"le",
"Development",
"were",
"un",
"able",
"to",
"find",
"the",
"fund",
"s",
"needed",
"to",
"be",
"gin",
"construction",
".",
"In",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"res",
"c",
"ue",
"the",
"project",
",",
"on",
"May",
"29",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"author",
"ized",
"the",
"s",
"ale",
"of",
"$",
"7",
"50",
"million",
"in",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"to",
"pay",
"for",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"To",
"issue",
"these",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"needed",
"city",
"council",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
".",
"But",
"with",
"the",
"city",
"fac",
"ing",
"an",
"$",
"8",
"00",
"million",
"bud",
"get",
"def",
"ic",
"it",
"in",
"f",
"is",
"cal",
"2010",
"and",
"a",
"$",
"1",
"billion",
"def",
"ic",
"it",
"in",
"2011",
",",
"such",
"ap",
"prov",
"al",
"se",
"em",
"ed",
"un",
"likely",
".",
"The",
"city",
"council",
"began",
"consid",
"ering",
"in",
"June",
"2009",
"whether",
"an",
"additional",
"$",
"100",
"million",
"in",
"city",
"fin",
"ancing",
"might",
"conv",
"ince",
"l",
"end",
"ers",
"or",
"invest",
"ors",
"to",
"join",
"the",
"project",
".",
"On",
"June",
"7",
",",
"Cap",
"stone",
"said",
"it",
"had",
"$",
"13",
"5",
"million",
"in",
"equ",
"ity",
"d",
"oll",
"ars",
"in",
"place",
",",
"but",
"needed",
"$",
"300",
"million",
"in",
"l",
"ending",
"for",
"that",
"equ",
"ity",
"to",
"be",
"commit",
"ted",
".",
"In",
"mid",
"June",
",",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"considered",
"transfer",
"ring",
"fund",
"ing",
"away",
"from",
"seven",
"other",
"city",
"-",
"back",
"ed",
"development",
"projects",
"to",
"fund",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"since",
"the",
"council",
"ref",
"used",
"to",
"viol",
"ate",
"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"deb",
"t",
"cap",
".",
"But",
"several",
"un",
"named",
"city",
"council",
"members",
"were",
"un",
"will",
"ing",
"for",
"the",
"city",
"to",
"take",
"a",
"gre",
"ater",
"equ",
"ity",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"after",
"sp",
"ending",
"$",
"7",
"00",
"million",
"on",
"constru",
"cting",
"the",
"new",
"N",
"ation",
"als",
"Park",
"in",
"March",
"2006",
".",
"Third",
"fin",
"ancing",
"pack",
"age",
"On",
"June",
"17",
",",
"2009",
",",
"the",
"city",
"council",
"and",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"came",
"to",
"an",
"agreement",
"on",
"a",
"new",
"fin",
"ancing",
"plan",
"cr",
"af",
"ted",
"by",
"city",
"C",
"F",
"O",
"Nat",
"war",
"G",
"and",
"hi",
".",
"Under",
"the",
"plan",
",",
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"Mar",
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"$",
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"Mar",
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",",
"Cap",
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"Qu",
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"20",
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"$",
"13",
"5",
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".",
"To",
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"money",
",",
"IN",
"G",
"Clar",
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"Real",
"E",
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"In",
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"was",
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"The",
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"me",
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"Mar",
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"no",
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"private",
"l",
"ending",
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"part",
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"—",
"which",
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"bank",
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".",
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"26",
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"$",
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",",
"$",
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",",
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"C",
"SA",
"b",
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"),",
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"-",
"W",
"C",
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"The",
"D",
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"City",
"Council",
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",",
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",",
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"The",
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"17",
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"$",
"22",
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"26",
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"Mar",
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"$",
"15",
"9",
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"equ",
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"fin",
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"an",
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").",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"re",
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"ues",
"from",
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"el",
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"$",
"13",
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",",
"while",
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"$",
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"T",
"I",
"F",
"re",
"venue",
"sources",
"in",
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"city",
".",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"would",
"contr",
"ib",
"ute",
"a",
"$",
"25",
"million",
"loan",
"(",
"pay",
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"25",
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")",
"as",
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"a",
"one",
"-",
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"$",
"22",
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"gr",
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"to",
"build",
"the",
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"el",
".",
"The",
"city",
"also",
"agreed",
"to",
"elimin",
"ate",
"the",
"require",
"ment",
"that",
"a",
"park",
"ing",
"gar",
"age",
"be",
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"near",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"The",
"June",
"29",
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"deal",
"passed",
"a",
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"and",
"final",
"vote",
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"council",
"on",
"July",
"14",
",",
"2009",
".",
"A",
"$",
"2",
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"training",
"program",
"(",
"to",
"be",
"paid",
"for",
"by",
"the",
"b",
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"issue",
")",
"was",
"added",
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"the",
"city",
"'",
"s",
"b",
"ond",
"issue",
".",
"The",
"money",
"raised",
"paid",
"the",
"construction",
"contract",
"or",
"to",
"train",
"un",
"employ",
"ed",
"city",
"workers",
"in",
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"skill",
"ed",
"construction",
"job",
"s",
"while",
"the",
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"el",
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"built",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"officials",
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"that",
",",
"with",
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"fin",
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"finally",
"in",
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",",
"ground",
"bre",
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"would",
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"in",
"late",
"2010",
"and",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"to",
"open",
"42",
"months",
"later",
".",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"law",
"suit",
"In",
"it",
"iation",
"of",
"the",
"law",
"suit",
"A",
"sub",
"sid",
"i",
"ary",
"of",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"Smith",
",",
"W",
"ard",
"man",
"In",
"vest",
"or",
"L",
"L",
"C",
",",
"f",
"iled",
"a",
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"ice",
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"city",
"'",
"s",
"Contr",
"act",
"Ap",
"pe",
"als",
"Board",
"in",
"early",
"2009",
"to",
"have",
"the",
"entire",
"project",
"set",
"as",
"ide",
"for",
"being",
"an",
"\"",
"inv",
"al",
"id",
"so",
"le",
"source",
"pro",
"c",
"ure",
"ment",
"\".",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"arg",
"ued",
"that",
"the",
"original",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"required",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"to",
"be",
"built",
"on",
"private",
"land",
"and",
"fin",
"an",
"ced",
"with",
"private",
"money",
".",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"did",
"not",
"sub",
"mit",
"a",
"pro",
"pos",
"al",
"because",
"it",
"could",
"not",
"meet",
"these",
"conditions",
".",
"Sub",
"sequ",
"ently",
",",
"the",
"city",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ated",
"only",
"with",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
",",
"elimin",
"ated",
"the",
"private",
"invest",
"ment",
"require",
"ment",
",",
"added",
"$",
"27",
"2",
"million",
"in",
"public",
"fin",
"ancing",
",",
"and",
"gave",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"an",
"\"",
"ex",
"tra",
"ordin",
"arily",
"favor",
"able",
"\"",
"le",
"ase",
".",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"arg",
"ued",
"that",
"these",
"changes",
"so",
"al",
"ter",
"ed",
"the",
"terms",
"of",
"the",
"project",
"that",
"it",
"should",
"be",
"put",
"out",
"for",
"public",
"b",
"id",
"again",
".",
"The",
"appe",
"als",
"board",
"said",
"in",
"July",
"2009",
"that",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"lack",
"ed",
"standing",
"to",
"protest",
"the",
"award",
"since",
"it",
"never",
"b",
"id",
"on",
"the",
"job",
".",
"E",
"ven",
"if",
"the",
"company",
"did",
"have",
"standing",
",",
"the",
"appe",
"als",
"board",
"said",
",",
"it",
"lost",
"the",
"right",
"to",
"protest",
"after",
"the",
"council",
"passed",
"legisl",
"ation",
"re",
"moving",
"the",
"project",
"from",
"the",
"regular",
"contract",
"ing",
"process",
"in",
"2006",
".",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"'",
"s",
"mot",
"ive",
"for",
"f",
"il",
"ing",
"the",
"law",
"suit",
"may",
"not",
"have",
"been",
"to",
"contest",
"the",
"construction",
"of",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"however",
".",
"The",
"law",
"suit",
"may",
"have",
"been",
"prom",
"p",
"ted",
"by",
"a",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
"between",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"and",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"b",
"loc",
"king",
"the",
"con",
"version",
"of",
"a",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"W",
"ard",
"man",
"Park",
",",
"which",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"and",
"C",
"I",
"M",
"Group",
"purchased",
"from",
"Th",
"ay",
"er",
"L",
"od",
"ging",
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"2005",
",",
"into",
"cond",
"omin",
"ium",
"s",
".",
"Con",
"struction",
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"the",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"Mar",
"qu",
"is",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"hold",
"on",
"September",
"4",
",",
"2009",
".",
"The",
"law",
"suit",
"continued",
"through",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"2009",
"and",
"into",
"2010",
".",
"The",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"At",
"tor",
"ney",
"General",
"asked",
"the",
"court",
"to",
"dis",
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"the",
"suit",
"on",
"October",
"11",
",",
"but",
"the",
"court",
"decl",
"ined",
"to",
"do",
"so",
"on",
"November",
"18",
".",
"The",
"city",
"asked",
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"a",
"re",
"consider",
"ation",
"of",
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"mot",
"ion",
"on",
"December",
"1",
",",
"but",
"the",
"court",
"decl",
"ined",
"to",
"do",
"so",
"on",
"January",
"6",
",",
"2010",
".",
"Coun",
"ter",
"-",
"su",
"its",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"counter",
"-",
"su",
"ed",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"on",
"January",
"14",
",",
"2010",
",",
"acc",
"using",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"of",
"t",
"ort",
"ious",
"inter",
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"in",
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"contract",
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"relations",
".",
"In",
"support",
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"claim",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"told",
"the",
"court",
"that",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"C",
"os",
".",
"officials",
"had",
"threat",
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"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"with",
"a",
"con",
"vention",
"center",
"law",
"suit",
"if",
"it",
"did",
"not",
"r",
"ene",
"got",
"i",
"ate",
"its",
"W",
"ard",
"man",
"Park",
"deal",
".",
"The",
"law",
"suit",
"significant",
"ly",
"del",
"ayed",
"fin",
"ancing",
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"project",
".",
"No",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"were",
"issued",
"by",
"mid",
"-",
"January",
"2010",
",",
"and",
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"that",
"IN",
"G",
"Clar",
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"might",
"back",
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"if",
"additional",
"del",
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".",
"In",
"an",
"attempt",
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"break",
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"dead",
"lock",
",",
"Council",
"member",
"Jack",
"Ev",
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"a",
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"estate",
"att",
"or",
"ney",
")",
"tr",
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"medi",
"ate",
"the",
"dis",
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".",
"On",
"January",
"21",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"f",
"iled",
"suit",
"against",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"C",
"os",
".",
"for",
"t",
"ort",
"ious",
"inter",
"ference",
"as",
"well",
".",
"The",
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"followed",
"suit",
"with",
"yet",
"another",
"t",
"ort",
"ious",
"inter",
"ference",
"claim",
"on",
"February",
"18",
".",
"On",
"March",
"29",
",",
"2010",
",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".",
"Super",
"ior",
"Court",
"Jud",
"ge",
"N",
"atal",
"ia",
"Com",
"bs",
"Gre",
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"granted",
"part",
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"sum",
"m",
"ary",
"jud",
"g",
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"and",
"a",
"mot",
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"dis",
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"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
",",
"the",
"city",
",",
"and",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
".",
"A",
"part",
"ial",
"out",
"-",
"of",
"-",
"court",
"settlement",
"had",
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"been",
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"parties",
"giving",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"C",
"os",
".",
"some",
"limited",
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"move",
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"cond",
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",",
"but",
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"un",
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"'",
"s",
"rul",
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"Public",
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"'",
"s",
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",",
"and",
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"con",
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"head",
"quarters",
"project",
"would",
"move",
"a",
"head",
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".",
"The",
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"ended",
"order",
"can",
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"view",
"ed",
"here",
".",
"City",
"officials",
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"ground",
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"aking",
"on",
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"hot",
"el",
"would",
"occur",
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"May",
"or",
"June",
"2010",
",",
"and",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"officials",
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"b",
"ond",
"s",
"could",
"brought",
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"market",
"within",
"60",
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"75",
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".",
"Res",
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"law",
"su",
"its",
"But",
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"2010",
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"was",
"still",
"no",
"agreement",
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"the",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"C",
"os",
".",
"law",
"suit",
".",
"All",
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"had",
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"ended",
"l",
"it",
"ig",
"ation",
"against",
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"three",
"weeks",
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"court",
"'",
"s",
"decision",
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"give",
"ne",
"got",
"i",
"ations",
"a",
"ch",
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".",
"But",
"J",
"B",
"G",
"could",
"still",
"appe",
"al",
"the",
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"court",
"'",
"s",
"rul",
"ing",
",",
"which",
"brought",
"a",
"hal",
"t",
"to",
"tal",
"ks",
".",
"With",
"no",
"res",
"olution",
"in",
"s",
"ight",
",",
"the",
"city",
"said",
"on",
"June",
"3",
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"it",
"would",
"res",
"ume",
"l",
"it",
"ig",
"ation",
"in",
"two",
"days",
"if",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"not",
"for",
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"coming",
".",
"No",
"res",
"olution",
"was",
"reached",
",",
"and",
"l",
"it",
"ig",
"ation",
"res",
"umed",
"on",
"June",
"8",
".",
"The",
"parties",
"in",
"the",
"various",
"law",
"su",
"its",
"res",
"ol",
"ved",
"their",
"legal",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
"on",
"July",
"1",
",",
"2010",
".",
"The",
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"per",
"mitted",
"construction",
"to",
"go",
"a",
"head",
"on",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
",",
"but",
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"w",
"ise",
"terms",
"were",
"not",
"dis",
"closed",
".",
"The",
"agreement",
"pre",
"cl",
"uded",
"a",
"legal",
"appe",
"al",
"by",
"all",
"parties",
".",
"The",
"legal",
"dis",
"p",
"ute",
"had",
"del",
"ayed",
"construction",
"on",
"the",
"con",
"vention",
"head",
"quarters",
"hot",
"el",
"by",
"another",
"nine",
"months",
".",
"To",
"get",
"the",
"project",
"rest",
"art",
"ed",
",",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"said",
"it",
"would",
"release",
"its",
"$",
"22",
"million",
"gr",
"ant",
"to",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"its",
"part",
"ners",
"by",
"the",
"end",
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"August",
"2010",
"so",
"that",
"ground",
"prepar",
"ation",
"could",
"be",
"gin",
"immediately",
".",
"Con",
"struction",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"W",
"C",
"SA",
"'",
"s",
"b",
"ond",
"s",
"reached",
"the",
"market",
"in",
"November",
"2010",
".",
"The",
"b",
"ond",
"issues",
"included",
"$",
"66",
".",
"5",
"million",
"of",
"tax",
"-",
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"Build",
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"—",
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"Another",
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"71",
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"W",
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"Gr",
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"Mar",
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"Washington",
",",
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",",
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".",
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"was",
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"20",
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".",
"The",
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"Mar",
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"is",
"Washington",
",",
"DC",
"im",
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"dr",
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"at",
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"after",
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"was",
"bro",
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".",
"On",
"May",
"3",
",",
"2011",
",",
"the",
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"received",
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"-",
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"when",
"the",
"Association",
"of",
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"States",
"Army",
"agreed",
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"space",
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"hot",
"el",
"for",
"2014",
",",
"2015",
",",
"and",
"2016",
".",
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"2012",
",",
"the",
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"el",
"se",
"cur",
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"15",
"contr",
"acts",
"for",
"about",
"2",
"10",
",",
"000",
"room",
"n",
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"through",
"2021",
".",
"In",
"September",
"2011",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"announced",
"it",
"and",
"Cap",
"stone",
"Development",
"would",
"build",
"a",
"Cour",
"ty",
"ard",
"by",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"and",
"a",
"Res",
"idence",
"In",
"n",
"by",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"on",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"-",
"owned",
"land",
"north",
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"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"Mar",
"qu",
"is",
".",
"To",
"gether",
",",
"the",
"hot",
"els",
"would",
"provide",
"500",
"room",
"s",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"asked",
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"$",
"35",
"million",
"in",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"fund",
"s",
"from",
"the",
"city",
"for",
"the",
"$",
"17",
"2",
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"project",
",",
"but",
"the",
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",",
"which",
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"its",
"bor",
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"ing",
"cap",
",",
"said",
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"\"",
"not",
"enter",
"tain",
"ing",
"new",
"T",
"I",
"F",
"applic",
"ations",
"right",
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".\"",
"In",
"June",
"2012",
",",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"signed",
"a",
"$",
"2",
"10",
"million",
"contract",
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"oper",
"ate",
"four",
"hot",
"els",
"owned",
"by",
"G",
"ay",
"l",
"ord",
"Entertainment",
".",
"The",
"agreement",
"gave",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"control",
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"the",
"G",
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"l",
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"Res",
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"Hot",
"el",
"at",
"National",
"Har",
"bor",
",",
"help",
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"redu",
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"the",
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"of",
"that",
"hot",
"el",
".",
"P",
"K",
"F",
"Hospital",
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"Research",
"reported",
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"dem",
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"hot",
"el",
"room",
"s",
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",",
"D",
".",
"C",
".,",
"was",
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"p",
"ace",
"sup",
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"through",
"2016",
",",
"even",
"with",
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"addition",
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"Mar",
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"ott",
"Mar",
"qu",
"is",
"Washington",
",",
"DC",
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"and",
"under",
"-",
"construction",
"hot",
"els",
".",
"Con",
"struction",
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"the",
"hot",
"el",
"began",
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"r",
"ise",
"above",
"ground",
"in",
"August",
"2012",
",",
"half",
"way",
"through",
"its",
"construction",
"sched",
"ule",
".",
"Although",
"engine",
"ers",
"still",
"had",
"to",
"dig",
",",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"found",
"ations",
"and",
"below",
"-",
"ground",
"ball",
"room",
"and",
"meeting",
"room",
"space",
"were",
"complete",
".",
"Offic",
"ials",
"said",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"had",
"to",
"dig",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"below",
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".",
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"officials",
"said",
"a",
"platform",
"would",
"be",
"built",
"at",
"grade",
"which",
"would",
"support",
"continu",
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"construction",
"below",
"ground",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"construction",
"above",
"it",
".",
"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"was",
"given",
"per",
"mission",
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"place",
"17",
"m",
"obile",
"tr",
"ail",
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"on",
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"un",
"used",
"l",
"ots",
"north",
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"the",
"construction",
"site",
"in",
"November",
"2012",
".",
"The",
"tr",
"ail",
"ers",
"served",
"as",
"temporary",
"offic",
"es",
"for",
"the",
"construction",
"for",
"em",
"en",
"and",
"leaders",
".",
"A",
"grand",
"opening",
"date",
"of",
"May",
"1",
",",
"2014",
"was",
"set",
".",
"The",
"hot",
"el",
"reported",
"book",
"ing",
"the",
"annual",
"meet",
"ings",
"of",
"the",
"American",
"Academy",
"of",
"Family",
"Phys",
"ic",
"ians",
"(",
"6",
",",
"500",
"total",
"att",
"en",
"de",
"es",
")",
"for",
"October",
"2014",
",",
"the",
"Family",
",",
"Career",
"and",
"Community",
"Lead",
"ers",
"of",
"America",
"(",
"5",
",",
"000",
"total",
"att",
"en",
"de",
"es",
")",
"for",
"July",
"2015",
",",
"and",
"the",
"American",
"D",
"ental",
"Association",
"(",
"40",
",",
"000",
"total",
"att",
"en",
"de",
"es",
")",
"for",
"November",
"2015",
".",
"Design",
"law",
"suit",
"The",
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"el",
"'",
"s",
"general",
"contract",
"or",
",",
"H",
"ens",
"el",
"P",
"hel",
"ps",
"Con",
"struction",
"Co",
".,",
"alleg",
"ed",
"that",
"Co",
"oper",
"C",
"arry",
",",
"the",
"hot",
"el",
"'",
"s",
"architect",
"of",
"record",
",",
"failed",
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"ly",
"design",
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"structure",
".",
"H",
"ens",
"el",
"P",
"hel",
"ps",
"identified",
"20",
"areas",
"of",
"concer",
"n",
",",
"which",
"included",
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"-",
"grade",
"structures",
",",
"ce",
"il",
"ing",
"mater",
"ials",
",",
"door",
"hard",
"w",
"are",
",",
"du",
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"work",
",",
"the",
"g",
"ut",
"ter",
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"down",
"sp",
"out",
"systems",
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"can",
"op",
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",",
"the",
"sm",
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"control",
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",",
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"air",
"well",
"s",
",",
"the",
"top",
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"s",
"in",
"gu",
"est",
"room",
"s",
",",
"wind",
"ows",
",",
"and",
"more",
".",
"H",
"ens",
"el",
"P",
"hel",
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"also",
"claimed",
"that",
"Co",
"oper",
"C",
"arry",
"failed",
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"perform",
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"work",
"in",
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"tim",
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"man",
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",",
"for",
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"miss",
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",",
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"viol",
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"bas",
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"\"",
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"\"",
"ob",
"l",
"ig",
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".",
"The",
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",",
"but",
"were",
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"come",
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"an",
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"In",
"October",
"2015",
",",
"H",
"ens",
"el",
"P",
"hel",
"ps",
"f",
"iled",
"an",
"$",
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"5",
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"law",
"suit",
"against",
"Co",
"oper",
"C",
"arry",
"in",
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".",
"Hot",
"el",
"opening",
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"operation",
"The",
"hot",
"el",
"opened",
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"May",
"1",
",",
"2014",
",",
"with",
"a",
"r",
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"bon",
"-",
"cut",
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"cerem",
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"six",
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".",
"It",
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"4",
",",
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"el",
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"Mar",
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"International",
",",
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",",
"17",
"5",
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",",
"the",
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"el",
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"Washington",
",",
"DC",
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"Ex",
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"/",
"structure",
"The",
"15",
"-",
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"building",
"includes",
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",",
"200",
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"-",
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"seven",
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"-",
"grade",
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"housing",
"event",
"space",
",",
"400",
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",",
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"Walter",
"E",
".",
"Washington",
"Con",
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"Center",
".",
"The",
"ex",
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"ior",
"of",
"the",
"Ne",
"om",
"od",
"ern",
"structure",
"is",
"gl",
"ass",
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"ste",
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".",
"It",
"also",
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"former",
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"quarters",
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"Federation",
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"Labor",
"Build",
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",",
"a",
"Chicago",
"school",
"br",
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"lim",
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"one",
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"built",
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"Inter",
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"/",
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"The",
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"features",
"an",
"at",
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"sk",
"yl",
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",",
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"-",
"high",
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".",
"R",
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"ly",
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"space",
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"the",
"me",
"z",
"z",
"an",
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"over",
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"the",
"at",
"ri",
"um",
".",
"Six",
"hospital",
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"su",
"ites",
"exist",
"on",
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"me",
"z",
"z",
"an",
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"level",
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"Other",
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"include",
"a",
"con",
"c",
"ier",
"ge",
"level",
"l",
"oun",
"ge",
"with",
"out",
"door",
"pat",
"io",
",",
"and",
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"-",
"story",
"fit",
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".",
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"el",
"has",
"1",
",",
"17",
"5",
"gu",
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"room",
"s",
",",
"including",
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"su",
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".",
"Two",
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"very",
"large",
"\"",
"President",
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"su",
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"\"",
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"six",
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"ium",
"-",
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"\"",
"V",
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"President",
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".\"",
"D",
"in",
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"The",
"l",
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"l",
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"area",
",",
"and",
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".",
"At",
"opening",
",",
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"An",
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",",
"The",
"D",
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"High",
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",",
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"-",
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"-",
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"-",
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",",
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"Hot",
"Sh",
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"restaur",
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"co",
"-",
"founded",
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"Will",
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"Mar",
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"that",
"pre",
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"ed",
"Mar",
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"Corporation",
".",
"The",
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"hous",
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"P",
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"Union",
"building",
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"High",
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"fl",
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"-",
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"s",
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"scr",
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"scor",
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"Street",
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"Ar",
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".",
"C",
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"Mike",
"Is",
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"Tom",
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"Me",
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"/",
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"Me",
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"Le",
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"Le",
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"Ball",
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",",
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"2017",
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"ranked",
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"Mar",
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"7",
"2nd",
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"S",
".",
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"els",
"for",
"meet",
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"External",
"links",
"Mar",
"ri",
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"hot",
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"Mar",
"ri",
"ott",
"Mar",
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"is",
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"el",
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".",
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".",
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29129061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinerfe | Tinerfe | Tinerfe "the Great", legendary hero who was a guanche mencey (aboriginal king) of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It is estimated that he lived at the end of the 14th century.
He was the son of mencey Sunta, who ruled the island in the days before the conquest of the Canary Islands by Castile. Tinerfe the Great lived in Adeje (like all his predecessors), approximately hundred years before the conquest of 1494.
Upon Tinerfe's death, his sons divided the island into nine kingdoms. At the time of the conquest the kings of these kingdoms were:
Acaimo or Acaymo (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Tacoronte).
Adjona: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Abona).
Añaterve: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Güímar).
Bencomo: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Taoro).
Beneharo: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Anaga).
Pelicar: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Icode).
Pelinor: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Adeje).
Romen: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Daute).
Tegueste: (mencey (king) of Menceyato de Tegueste).
In the toponymy of the island
The eighteenth-century historians Juan Núñez de la Peña and Tomás Arias Marín de Cubas, among others, state that the name of the island of Tenerife could come from Tinerfe.
References
Bibliography
Abreu y Galindo, J. de, Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de Canarias, en A. Cioranescu (ed) Goya ediciones, Tenerife, 1977 .
Arias Marín de Cubas, T. Historia de las siete islas de Canaria, edición de Ángel de Juan Casañas y María Régulo Rodríguez; proemio de Juan Régulo Pérez; notas arqueológicas de Julio Cuenca Sanabría. Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1986
Bethencourt Alfonso, J. Historia del pueblo guanche: Tomo II. Etnografía y organización socio-política, Francisco Lemus Ed. La Laguna, 1991 .
Espinosa, Fray A. de, Historia de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, en A. Cioranescu (ed) Goya ediciones, santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1967 .
Torriani, L. Descripción e historia del reino de las Islas Canarias, en A. Cioranescu (ed) Goya ediciones, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1978 .
Viana, A. La Conquista de Tenerife, en A. Cioranescu (ed) Aula de Cultura de Tenerife, Cabildo Insular, 1968-1971.
People from Tenerife
Military personnel killed in action
Guanche
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4341963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Sundblad | Linda Sundblad | Linda Caroline Sundblad (born 5 July 1981, in Lidköping) is a Swedish singer, actress and model.
Career
Lambretta
Dropping out of school at the age of 15 to join the pop rock music band Lambretta, she experienced much success at a young age. After releasing three albums with Lambretta, she decided in Autumn 2005 to go solo.
Solo
Her first solo single, "Oh Father", was released in September 2006 and her debut album, Oh My God!, a couple of months later. "Oh Father" was nominated for a Grammis award. Musicwise it remained silent around Sundblad until the second part of 2009 when the new single "2 All My Girls" was released and a second album announced for 24 March 2010.
Other projects
She is also featured on the Reflections album by Apocalyptica, for which she sings the vocals to "Faraway Vol. 2". Sundblad works currently with House music artist Rasmus Faber; she sang for him on the single "Everything Is Alright", which was released on 22 November 2008 and on his second single "Always", which was released on 6 April 2009. Sundblad also features on Rasmus Faber's debut album Where We Belong.
Melodifestivalen 2011
Linda Sundblad participated in Melodifestivalen 2011, the Swedish selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. She competed in the third semi-final on 19 February 2011 in Cloetta Center, Linköping, with the song "Lucky You", which finished 6th and did not qualify for the final.
Model career
Sundblad has worked since 2005 as a model, presenting L'Oréal and Munthe plus Simonsen.
Radio career
Since 8 November 2006 Sunblad has worked as a radio announcer at Sveriges Radio, where she moderated the programme P3 Star.
Discography
Singles
"Oh Father" (2006, SE #1)
"Lose You" (2006, SE #2)
"Back in Time" (2007)
"Who (Q Boy)" (2007)
"Cheat" (2007)
"2 All My Girls" (2009, SE #50)
"Let's Dance" (2010, SE #7)
"Perfect Nobody" (2010)
"Lucky You" (2011)
Albums
Oh My God! (2006, SE #11)
Manifest (2010)
Öppna ditt hjärta så ska du få EP (2012)
Lambretta
Albums
Breakfast (July 1999)
Lambretta (June 2002)
The Fight (March 2005)
Singles
"Blow Up All My Fuses" (1999)
"Absolutely Nothing" (1999)
"And All The Roses" (1999)
"Bimbo" (April 2002)
"Creep" (August 2002)
"Perfect Tonight" (2002)
"Chemical" (2004)
"Anything" (2004)
"Kill Me" (2004)
Guest appearances
Singles
with Apocalyptica
"Faraway Vol. 2" (2003)
with Rasmus Faber
"Everything Is Alright" (2008)
"Always" (2009)
with Kleerup
"History" (2009)
TV appearances
"Sommarkrysset" (2007)
"FörKväll" (2006–2007)
"Nyhetsmorgon" (2006–2007)
"Bingolotto" (2006)
"Studio Virtanen" (2006)
"Vi i femman" (2005)
"Körslaget" (2010)
"Allsång på Skansen" (2010)
References
External links
Official site
Official MySpace
1981 births
Living people
Swedish pop singers
Swedish women singer-songwriters
Swedish singer-songwriters
Swedish female models
Swedish actresses
People from Lidköping Municipality
English-language singers from Sweden
21st-century Swedish singers
21st-century Swedish women singers
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2011 | [
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36381160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremont | Bremont | Bremont Watch Company is a luxury aviation-themed British watchmaker based in England. Annual production is approximately 10,000 pieces for an approximate annual revenue of £40 million.
History
Bremont was founded by brothers Nick and Giles English. The brothers had gained mechanical experience from their father Dr Euan English. This evolved from clock assembly, aeroplane- and yacht construction. On 4 March 1995 Euan English was killed and Nick was badly injured when their World War II-vintage Harvard aircraft crashed during a training flight for an air show. The crash spurred the brothers to purchase North Weald Flying Services and after working there together they decided to create their own watch company.
In 2021, the company opened the Bremont Manufacturing & Technology Centre, known as "The Wing", a 35,000-square-foot manufacturing facility where it machines components and assembles timepieces. At full capacity, the company expects The Wing can manufacture up to 50,000 watches annually, which would be five times their current output. The company estimates The Wing and the machinery cost more than £25 million ($34 million).
Awards
Since its founding, Bremont have received awards in various fields: Watch Pro ‘Watch Company Of The Year’ 2019; HSBC Global Connections, overall winner, 2013; UK Retail Jewellery Awards, Luxury Watch Brand Of The Year and Store Design Of The Year 2013; Watch Pro ‘Luxury Watch Of The Year’ 2012; Luxury Briefing Awards, ‘Breakthrough Brand’, 2012; UK Jewellery Awards, ‘Watch Brand of the Year Award’, 2011; Walpole British Luxury ‘Best Emerging British Luxury Brand’ 2008.
Military
Bremont has created a number of special-edition watches for serving or former members of the armed forces, based on its commercial models. Purchases of these watches are restricted to people who have flown in the subject aircraft, served in the military units commemorated or, in one case, served on board a particular warship.
Bremont have been a long-time supporter of the armed services through its work with Help for Heroes, The Royal British Legion and official supporter of the UK Team for the Invictus Games. This relationship culminated in the launch of a completely new HMAF range of watches following an agreement which sees Bremont given the license to use signs, symbols, and Heraldic Badges from all three branches of Britain’s Armed Forces.
References
External links
The Bremont Story
Watch manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
British brands
Watch brands
British companies established in 2002
Manufacturing companies established in 2002 | [
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"Lu",
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1914746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyric%20hemophilia | Porphyric hemophilia | Porphyric hemophilia may refer to:
Porphyria, a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up
Vampirism, a term describing being a vampire | [
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