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[ { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "By the mid-1940s he was serving as the pastor of a church in Enid, Oklahoma, but left to undertake a full-time healing revival ministry in 1947. Based in Tulsa, Roberts became the most successful of the healing evangelists of the 1950s. He founded his own magazine, Abundant Life, and cobbled together a radio network of over 500 stations. It was in television, however, that Roberts truly found his calling, beginning weekly broadcasts from his crusades in 1955. Buoyed by the financial gifts of his Pentecostal followers, Roberts was able to maintain and grow his own independent network of television stations which reached every part of the United States. The impact of Roberts’s broadcasts on the burgeoning charismatic movement among mainline Protestants and Catholics in the 1960s cannot be overestimated. Such was his success that by 1965 he was able to open his own four year-liberal arts college, Oral Roberts University (ORU) in Tulsa.", "precise_score": 6.318509578704834, "rough_score": 6.154350280761719, "source": "search", "title": "Oral Roberts | Wheaton" }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "More than a university, Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, was also the headquarters for evangelist Oral Roberts’s electronic church. The electronic church in America, dominated by Christian evangelicals, used technology to spread the Gospel over radio airways and television signals to a dispersed audience. Yet evangelicals like Roberts also constructed ambitious campuses in real space and time. The architecture of Oral Roberts University visualized a modern and “populuxe” image for the electronic church in the 1960s and 1970s. The university’s Prayer Tower purposely alluded to the Seattle Space Needle, aligning religion and the Space Age, and the campus’s white, gold, and black color palette on late modern buildings created an image of aspirational luxury, conveying Roberts’s health and wealth gospel. Oral Roberts University served as a sound stage for Roberts’s radio and television shows, a pilgrimage point for his audience, and a university dedicated to training evangelicals in the electronic church.", "precise_score": 5.382434368133545, "rough_score": 7.765880584716797, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The architecture of Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, reified the American electronic church of the 1960s and 1970s. It crafted a futuristic and luxurious image that spoke to technological optimism and material wealth embedded within the American evangelical tradition. Roberts created an institution that made real what was otherwise a disembodied experience of church over the airways, offering a pilgrimage point for the millions that his ministry reached. In 1969, a Kentucky steel mill worker and his wife drove to Tulsa specifically to visit the university. A chance encounter with Roberts himself on the campus became “the thrill of their vacation.” 92 By 1970, more than 100,000 people visited Oral Roberts University annually, making it the most visited tourist site in Tulsa. 93 Influenced by the Seattle World’s Fair, Roberts created a permanent religious fair, one that showcased what belief in Christ could mean.", "precise_score": 7.2732415199279785, "rough_score": 8.10948657989502, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "Western Swing, a musical genre with roots in Country Music, was made popular at Tulsa's Cain's Ballroom. The Tulsa Sound, a variation of Rockabilly, Blues, and Rock 'n' Roll, was started and largely developed by local musicians J. J. Cale and Leon Russell in the 1960s and 1970s. The Tulsa Sound heavily influenced musicians Eric Clapton and Jimmy Markham. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.753042221069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma" }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "Prayer Tower (center) and John D. Messick Learning Resources Center (left), Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, ca. 1960s. (Source: Beryl Ford Collection/Rotary Club of Tulsa, Tulsa City-County Library and Tulsa Historical Society, Tulsa, Oklahoma.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.527421474456787, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The architecture of Oral Roberts University reified the so-called electronic church in America—the collection of religious radio, television, and now online ministries dominated by Christian evangelicals. While the electronic church ostensibly existed in radio waves and satellite transmissions, radio evangelists and televangelists in the 1960s through the 1980s realized [End Page 381] ambitious architectural programs—including Robert Schuller’s Crystal Cathedral in California, Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker’s Heritage USA theme park in South Carolina, and Pat Robertson’s Regent University in Virginia—that located the electronic church in real space. 4 Oral Roberts University was a particularly successful realization of the electronic church in two principal ways. First, the campus was the site of the very production of Roberts’s electronic ministries, providing interior studio space and exterior stage sets. Second, the architecture of the campus itself symbolized the technological production and transmission of Roberts’s evangelical message.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.756998062133789, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The architectural image that Oral Roberts University employed to make the electronic church real reveled in fantasy. In 1973, the New York Times called the campus “an educational and spiritual Disneyland” for its world’s fair–like buildings imbued with overt religious imagery. 5 The 200-foot Prayer Tower, described by the university itself as a “twentieth-century cross” with a metal “crown of thorns,” also purposefully alluded to the Seattle Space Needle, trafficking in the architectural language of the Space Age in a frank alignment of technology and religion. 6 The other nearly twenty buildings of the campus constructed in the 1960s and 1970s (the campus is remarkable for few later constructions) were unified in their white, gold, and black palette 7 ( fig. 2 ). The campus architecture evoked a kind of popular luxury that was aspirational and reflective of Roberts’s health and wealth gospel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8466631174087524, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "Oral Roberts’s ministry participated in the electronic church both in radio and television formats at an early stage. By the early 1950s, his half-hour daily religious radio programs were heard on 300 to 500 stations in North America, including the American Broadcasting Company’s network, and 40 international stations by the 1960s. 18 Quickly, however, Roberts’s television ministry, begun in 1954, eclipsed his radio ministry. In 1959, the Roberts ministry quantified “souls won” in the past year by its electronic outreach efforts: 364,228 by radio compared to 532,880 by television. 19 The radio programs—which included listener testimonials, a short sermon by Roberts, and Roberts’s healing prayer—paled in comparison to the vividness of his televised tent revivals filmed in the mid- to late 1950s. The camera more faithfully conveyed Roberts’s charismatic persona, and he thrived on the interaction with an audience at times reaching [End Page 385] 15,000 people. These early black-and-white broadcasts featured Roberts’s sermons and the altar call for those wanting to accept Christ in their lives, but the most anticipated moment was the famed prayer line, where Roberts would lay his right hand on people and pray for God’s healing ( fig. 3 ). The ability to actually see Roberts’s physical touch in prayer generated belief in ways more powerful than radio could provide. 20", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2143325805664062, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "As successful as these early television programs were, Roberts understood that they did not take full advantage of the possibilities of television to reach the vast audiences who needed salvation. In the 1960s, he discarded the conventional tent revival in favor of a brand new format that fused Hollywood and religion and trod the line between secular and religious content. He created entertainment-driven, full-color programs filmed in a studio with stage sets and a live studio audience. Critics argued that the celebrities, entertainers, music, and choreography that created a lively and popular program—one of his specials even received Emmy nominations for art direction and production—crowded out Roberts’s own religious preaching, a point Roberts acknowledged but defended as strategy. He first needed to produce shows that the networks would broadcast, [End Page 386] and once he had proven the success of these shows he then devoted more time to his religious message. 21 Roberts’s frank use of Hollywood tactics strongly recalled those of Aimee Semple McPherson in 1920s Los Angeles, another Pentecostal evangelist well known for her sermons illustrated with props such as motorcycles and live animals. As Matthew Avery Sutton claimed, “McPherson found no contradiction between her rejection of Hollywood values and her use of show business techniques.” 22 Oral Roberts, too, made use of entertainment and theatricality in the service of saving souls, especially those of a younger generation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.075031757354736, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "Roberts’s entertainment-heavy format transformed televangelism. Harrell identifies the revamped Oral Roberts television programs of the late 1960s and early 1970s that infused religious broadcasts with entertainment and celebrity as the invention of the modern electronic church. 23 Importantly, these specials were televised in prime time to escape the “Sunday morning ghetto” of religious programming and to bring religion to a realm that had previously been reserved for secular entertainment. While very expensive to produce and air, Roberts’s television programs were quickly supported by mailed-in funds from viewers. Their popularity increased Roberts’s national notoriety and created dividends for other parts of his ministry. Roberts did not push inventions in broadcast technology itself—he bought airtime on existing networks, in contrast, for example, to Jim Bakker and Pat Robertson, who created the PTL (Praise the Lord) Television Network and Christian Broadcasting Network, respectively—but what he did do was pioneer the most popular format of televangelism and become one of its most prominent figures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.729548931121826, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The campus served as the interior and exterior stage for Roberts’s electronic church. In his reworked television programs of the 1960s, he filmed the first ones on the campus in 1969, then moved production to Hollywood, and in 1973 moved production back to the campus where Roberts felt more comfortable performing in front of a familiar audience often composed of university members. 35 Roberts initially filmed these Contact quarterly television specials and his weekly Sunday programs in the campus’s multipurpose auditorium, the Mabee Center (1970–72) ( fig. 4 ). The exterior of this elliptical-shaped building with its wide gold cornice, dark glass, and white vertical supports played on the imagery of a revival tent. In the late 1970s, an addition called the Baby Mabee—the Mabee Center’s architectural miniature—was constructed to hold a sophisticated television studio with state-of-the-art equipment, including a color camera named Evelyn II after Roberts’s wife (see figure 4 ). 36 Dick Ross, the Hollywood [End Page 389] producer who orchestrated the Oral Roberts specials, characterized the facilities as “the finest equipped television stage between New York and the West Coast.” 37", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3901935815811157, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The university’s non-profit KORU radio station was also on the Prayer Tower’s observation level 44 ( fig. 6 ). While Roberts’s radio shows were distributed nationally and internationally by a network of radio stations, KORU served a regional area of Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas. The station broadcast Roberts’s Sunday half-hour radio program, but it also filled its more than twelve hours of daily airtime with a mixture of classical, contemporary, and religious music along with some talk shows in an effort to evangelize in a different way. The target audience was “the non-Christian public.” As the station manager said in 1969, “Christian radio needs to stop being broadcast only to the three or four per cent of the public [End Page 391] who want strictly religious programming. … You can have the world’s greatest message, but if nobody hears it—if you can’t get anybody to listen to it … so what?” The station included short “fish hook” spots focusing on life’s meaning with a call to consider the role of Christ and God. This kind of “subliminal broadcasting” sought to “slip past the conscious mind and lodge persuasion in the subconscious.” 45 This fusion of secular and religious programming echoed the approach of Roberts’s television programs of the late 1960s and the 1970s. In its inclusion of the KORU radio station, the Prayer Tower further located the production and distribution of Roberts’s electronic message in real space and time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.102973937988281, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "The radio tower church, television studio church, and drive-in church began the visualization of the electronic church. When Roberts laid out his plans for a university in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the 1960s, he envisioned a space for an evangelical mission unapologetically dependent on technological communication. First employing architect Cecil Stanfield and then architect Frank Wallace, Roberts crafted a cohesive vision of the electronic church, the centerpiece of which was both literally and metaphorically the Prayer Tower.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7473092079162598, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." }, { "answer": "1960s", "passage": "Second, the visitors’ guess of Yamasaki and Pei also revealed just how derivative Wallace’s architecture was. Wallace, who counted Yamasaki and Frank Lloyd Wright among his architectural heroes, crafted an image for Oral Roberts University that echoed the work of Yamasaki, Wright, Stone, Eero Saarinen, and other architects working in the 1950s and 1960s. 82 This [End Page 404] softened version of modernism eschewed the stark modernist box in favor of graceful lines and luxurious aesthetic. This style appealed to a wider audience, and it became a symbol of good taste for its time. Cultural historian Thomas Hine has named this mid-century style “populuxe.” The populuxe Oral Roberts University campus presented a luxurious, aspirational image that embodied Roberts’s belief that Christ wants his followers to have material as well as spiritual wealth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1387956142425537, "source": "search", "title": "An Architecture for the Electronic Church: Oral Roberts ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Bath", "passage": "The Musée des Arts Décoratifs, located in the northwest wing of the Louvre's Pavillon de Marsan, is a museum devoted to interior design, furniture, objets d'arts, wallpaper, tapestries, ceramics, glassware, and toys from the Middle Ages to the present day. Notable on the first floor are the 1920s art deco boudoir, bath, and bedroom of courturier Jeanne Lanvin by designer Rateau. Decorative art from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance is on the second floor; rich collections from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries occupy the third and fourth floors. The fifth has centers on wallpaper and drawings and documentary centers detailing fashion, textiles, toys, crafts, and glass trends. The newer addition is a Musee de la Publicité (Museum of Advertising), with advertising posters from the 18th century and film, TV, and radio commercials from the 1930s to today. Architect Jean Nouvel designed a cutting edge interior that also displays avant-garde video techniques.", "precise_score": -9.593120574951172, "rough_score": -9.245105743408203, "source": "search", "title": "Doll & Toy Museums of Europe - Puppentour - Doll Tours ..." }, { "answer": "Bath", "passage": "Description: London, Unichrome (BATH) Limited, nd. VG PB. Booklet shows fashion dolls of about 1870 made of bisque with their bodies covered in kid and toys in different settings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92779541015625, "source": "search", "title": "Burrows Toy Museum. - UNKNOWN," } ]

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[ { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Capitol demanded a Beach Boys LP for the 1965 Christmas season, and to appease them, Brian conceived Beach Boys' Party!, a live-in-the-studio album consisting mostly of acoustic covers of 1950s rock and R&B songs, in addition to covers of three Beatles songs, Bob Dylan's \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\", and idiosyncratic rerecordings of the group's earlier hits. In December they scored an unexpected number two hit (number three in the UK) with \"Barbara Ann\", which Capitol released as a single with no band input. Originally by the Regents, it became one of the Beach Boys' most recognized hits.", "precise_score": 3.759810447692871, "rough_score": 6.444324016571045, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The Beach Boys in Concert, a double album documenting the 1972 and 1973 US tours, was another top-30 album and became the band's first gold record under Reprise. During this period the band established itself as one of America's most popular live acts. Chaplin and Fataar helped organize the concerts to obtain a high quality live performance, playing material off Surf's Up, Carl and the Passions and Holland and adding songs from their older catalog. This concert arrangement lifted them back into American public prominence. In late 1973, the 41-song soundtrack to American Graffiti was released including the band's early songs \"Surfin' Safari\" and \"All Summer Long\". The album was a catalyst in creating a wave of nostalgia that reintroduced the Beach Boys into contemporary American consciousness. In 1974, Capitol Records issued Endless Summer, the band's first major pre-Pet Sounds greatest hits package. The compilation surged to the top of the Billboard album charts and was the group's first multi-million selling record since \"Good Vibrations\". It remained on the charts for two years. Capitol followed with a second compilation, Spirit of America, which also sold well. With these compilations, the Beach Boys became one of the most popular acts in rock, propelling themselves from opening for Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young to headliners selling out basketball arenas in a matter of weeks. Rolling Stone named the Beach Boys the \"Band of the Year\" for 1974, solely on the basis of their juggernaut touring schedule and material written over a decade earlier.", "precise_score": 2.023651599884033, "rough_score": 7.05218505859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari . The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale , Jan & Dean , the Chantays , and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A. , hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock.", "precise_score": 4.715892314910889, "rough_score": 8.121866226196289, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer . Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na , American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America , hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings.", "precise_score": 4.435149192810059, "rough_score": 7.752159595489502, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari. The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale, Jan & Dean, the Chantays, and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A., hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock.", "precise_score": 4.715892314910889, "rough_score": 8.121866226196289, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer. Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na, American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America, hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings.", "precise_score": 4.435149192810059, "rough_score": 7.752159595489502, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari. The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale, Jan & Dean, the Chantays, and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A., hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock.", "precise_score": 4.715892314910889, "rough_score": 8.121866226196289, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer. Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na, American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America, hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings.", "precise_score": 4.435149192810059, "rough_score": 7.752160549163818, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari. The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale, Jan & Dean, the Chantays, and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A., hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock.", "precise_score": 4.715892314910889, "rough_score": 8.121866226196289, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer. Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na, American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America, hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings.", "precise_score": 4.435149192810059, "rough_score": 7.752160549163818, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "On June 4, the Beach Boys released their second single \"Surfin' Safari\" backed with \"409\". The release prompted national coverage in the June 9 issue of Billboard. The magazine praised Love's lead vocal and said the song had strong hit potential. On July 16, 1962—after being turned down by Dot and Liberty—the Beach Boys signed a seven-year contract with Capitol Records, based on the strength of the June demo session. This was at the urging of Capitol exec Nick Venet who signed the group, seeing them as the \"teenage gold\" he had been scouting for. By November, their first album was ready—Surfin' Safari, which reached 32 on the US Billboard charts. Their song output continued along the same commercial line, focusing on California youth lifestyle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.5379533767700195, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Following a successful Australasian tour in January and February 1964, the band returned home to face the British Invasion through the Beatles appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show. Also representing the Beatles, Capitol support for the Beach Boys immediately began waning. This caused Murry to fight for the band at the label more than before, often visiting their offices without warning to \"twist executive arms.\" Brian reacted to the Beatles bemusedly: \"I was flipping out. I couldn't understand how a group could be just yelled and screamed at. The music they made, 'I Want to Hold Your Hand' for example, wasn't even that great a record, but they just screamed at it. ... It got us off our asses in the studio. We started cutting – we said 'look, don't worry about the Beatles, we'll cut our own stuff.\" Reportedly, Brian wanted more time to complete their next album, yet Capitol insisted they finish recording swiftly to avoid being forgotten in the throes of the impending invasion. Satisfying these demands, the band hastily finished the sessions on February 20, 1964 and titled the album Shut Down Volume 2. \"Fun, Fun, Fun\" was released as a single from the album (backed with \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\") and was a major hit. The LP, while containing several filler tracks, was propelled by other songs such as the melancholic \"The Warmth of the Sun\" and the advanced production style of \"Don't Worry Baby\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.17529433965682983, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Today! established the Beach Boys as album artists and marked a maturation in their lyric content by abandoning themes related to surfing, cars, or teenage love. Some love songs remained, but with a marked increase in depth, along with introspective tracks accompanied by adventurous and distinct arrangements. While the band's contemporaries grew more intellectually aware, Capitol continued to bill them as \"America’s Top Surfin' Group!\" expecting Brian to write more surfing material for the yearly summer markets despite his disinterest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.090151786804199, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Released in May, Pet Sounds eventually peaked at number eleven in the US and number two in the UK. This helped the Beach Boys become the strongest selling album act in the UK for the final quarter of 1966, dethroning the three-year reign of native bands such as the Beatles. Met with a lukewarm critical reception in the US, Pet Sounds was indifferently promoted by Capitol and failed to become the major hit Wilson had hoped it would be. Its failure to gain a wider recognition in the US combined with Capitol's decision to issue Best of The Beach Boys in July dispirited Brian, who considered Pet Sounds an extremely personal work. Some assumed that the label considered the album a risk, appealing more to an older demographic than the younger, female audience the Beach Boys built their commercial standing on. Pet Sounds sales numbered approximately 500,000 units, a significant drop-off from the chain of million-selling albums that immediately preceded it. Best of The Beach Boys was quickly certified Gold by the RIAA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.210104942321777, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Many factors combined to put intense pressure on Brian Wilson as Smile neared completion: his mental instability, the pressure to create despite fierce internal opposition to his new music, the relatively unenthusiastic response to Pet Sounds in the United States, Carl Wilson's draft resistance, and a major dispute with Capitol Records. Furthermore, Wilson's reliance on both prescription drugs and amphetamines exacerbated his underlying mental health problems. Comparable to Brian Jones and Syd Barrett, Brian Wilson's use of psychedelic drugs—especially LSD—led to a nervous breakdown in the late-1960s. As his legend grew, the Smile period came to be seen as the pivotal episode in his decline, and he became tagged as a drug casualty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.534363746643066, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In 1966, the group had filed a lawsuit in the Los Angeles Superior Court against Capitol Records for over two million dollars, which briefly severed their relationship with the label. At this time the Beach Boys' management (Nick Grillo and David Anderle) created the band's own record label, Brother. One of the first labels owned by a rock group Brother Records was intended for releases of Beach Boys side projects, and as an invitation to new talent. The initial output of the label, however, was limited to Smiley Smile and two resulting singles from the album. The failure of \"Gettin' Hungry\" caused the band to shelve Brother until 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.045140266418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "For a short time in mid-1968, Brian Wilson sought psychological treatment in hospital. During his absence, other members began writing and producing material themselves. To complete their contract with Capitol, they produced one more album. 20/20 (1969) was one of the group's most stylistically diverse albums, including hard rock songs such as \"All I Want to Do\", the waltz-based \"Time to Get Alone\", and a cover of the Ronettes' \"I Can Hear Music\". The diversity of genres have been described as an indicator that the group was trying to establish an updated identity. The album performed strongly in the UK, reaching number three on the charts. In the US, the album reached a modest 68.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.636131286621094, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "On April 12, 1969, the band revisited their 1967 lawsuit against Capitol Records after they alleged an audit undertaken revealed the band were owed over US$2,000,000 (US$ today) for unpaid royalties and production duties. The band's contract with Capitol Records expired on June 30, 1969, after which Capitol Records deleted the Beach Boys' catalog from print, effectively cutting off their royalty flow. In November 1969, Murry Wilson sold Sea of Tunes, the Beach Boys' catalog, to Irving Almo Music, a decision that, according to Marilyn Wilson, devastated Brian. In late 1969, the Beach Boys reactivated their Brother label and signed with Reprise. Around this time, the band commenced recording a new album. By the time the Beach Boys tenure ended with Capitol in 1969, they had sold 65 million records worldwide, closing the decade as the most commercially successful American group in popular music. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.852596282958984, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Released from Landy's control, Brian Wilson sought different treatments for his illnesses that aided him in his solo career. He toured regularly with his backing band consisting of members of Wondermints and other LA/Chicago musicians. Marks also maintained a solo career. Their tours remained reliable draws, with Wilson and Jardine both remaining legal members of the Beach Boys organization and BRI. The surviving group members appeared as themselves for the 1998 documentary film Endless Harmony: The Beach Boys Story, directed by Alan Boyd. Following the success of 1997's The Pet Sounds Sessions, many compilations were then issued by Capitol containing new archival material: Endless Harmony Soundtrack (1998), Ultimate Christmas (1998), and Hawthorne, CA (2001).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5982542037963867, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "On June 13, 2006, the five surviving Beach Boys (Wilson, Love, Jardine, Johnston, and Marks) appeared together for the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds and the double-platinum certification of their greatest hits compilation, Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys, in a ceremony atop the Capitol Records building in Hollywood. Plaques were awarded for their efforts, with Wilson accepting on behalf of Dennis and Carl. Throughout the year, it was rumored that the band would reform to perform the Pet Sounds album live in its entirety in November. Ultimately, Wilson began a brief Pet Sounds tour with Jardine and no other group members. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.288500785827637, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "At first, Murry steered the Beach Boys' career, engineering their signing with Capitol Records in 1962. In 1964, Brian ousted his father after a violent confrontation in the studio. Over the next few years, they became increasingly estranged; when Murry died of a heart attack in 1973, Brian and Dennis did not attend the funeral.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.0989179611206055, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "On July 16, on the strength of the June demo session, the Beach Boys were signed to Capitol Records. By November, their first album was ready - \"Surfin' Safari\". Their song output continued along the same commercial line, focusing on California youth lifestyle. The early Beach Boys’ hits helped raise both the profile of the state of California and of surfing. The group also celebrated the Golden State’s obsession with hot-rod racing (\"Shut Down,\" \"409,\" \"Little Deuce Coupe\") and the pursuit of happiness by carefree teens in less complicated times (\"Be True to Your School,\" \"Fun, Fun, Fun,\" \"I Get Around\"). From 1962-65 they had sixteen hit singles during a period of time that included both a very competitive Top Forty but also saw the start of the British Invasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.219236850738525, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "1965 led to greater experimentation behind the soundboard with Wilson. The album Today! featured less focus on guitars, more emphasis on keyboards and percussion, as well as volume experiments and increased lyrical maturity. Side A of the album was devoted to sunny pop tunes, with darker ballads on the reverse side. In November 1965 the group followed up their #3 summer smash \"California Girls,\" with another top 20 single, \"The Little Girl I Once Knew.\" It is considered to be the band's most experimental statement prior to Pet Sounds, using silence as a pre-chorus, clashing keyboards, moody brass, and vocal tics. Perhaps too extreme an arrangement to go much higher than its modest #20 peak, it was only the band's second single not to reach the top 10 since their 1962 breakthrough. In December they would score an unexpected #2 hit (#3 in the UK) with the single \"Barbara Ann\", which Capitol Records released as a single without input from any of the Beach Boys. It has become one of their most recognized hits over the years and was a cover of a 1961 song by The Regents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6802892684936523, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The album's meticulously layered harmonies and inventive instrumentation (performed by the cream of Los Angeles session musicians known among themselves as The Wrecking Crew) set a new standard for popular music. It remains one of the more evocative releases of the decade, with distinctive strains of lushness, melancholy, and nostalgia for youth. The tracks \"Wouldn't It Be Nice\" and \"God Only Knows\", showcased Wilson's growing mastery as a composer, arranger and producer. \"Caroline, No,\" also taken from Pet Sounds, was issued as a Brian Wilson solo single, the only time Brian was credited as a solo artist during the early Capitol years. The album also included two sophisticated instrumental tracks, the quiet and wistful \"Let's Go Away for Awhile\" and the brittle brassy surf of the title track, \"Pet Sounds\". Despite the critical praise it received, the album was indifferently promoted by Capitol Records and failed to become the major hit Brian had hoped it would be (only reaching #10). Its failure to gain wider recognition hurt him deeply.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.301656723022461, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "On June 13, 2006, the major surviving Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, Bruce Johnston, and David Marks) all set aside their differences and reunited for a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the album Pet Sounds and the double-platinum certification of their greatest hits compilation, Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of the Beach Boys, in a ceremony atop the Capitol Records building in Hollywood. Plaques were awarded for their efforts to all major members, with Brian Wilson accepting for his late brothers Carl and Dennis. Wilson himself implied there was a chance that all the living members (not having performed together since September 1996) would reunite again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.230678558349609, "source": "search", "title": "The Official 60's Site-The Beach Boys" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian , Dennis , and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian 's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's . Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian 's high-school football teammate Al Jardine . His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike . The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray , also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons, David Marks , replaced him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.607145309448242, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party . The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian 's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today . When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys ' most effective musical statement yet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6749303340911865, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul . Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds , more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian 's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds , but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, worldwide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles , hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.453433513641357, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.52180814743042, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds ( Pet Sounds Live ) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE . The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds . Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson 's estate over the use of the Beach Boys ' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.71234130859375, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | Biography & History | AllMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Beginning their career as the most popular surf band in the nation, the Beach Boys finally emerged by 1966 as America's preeminent pop group, the only act able to challenge (for a brief time) the overarching success of the Beatles with both mainstream listeners and the critical community. From their 1961 debut with the regional hit \"Surfin',\" the three Wilson brothers -- Brian, Dennis, and Carl -- plus cousin Mike Love and friend Al Jardine constructed the most intricate, gorgeous harmonies ever heard from a pop band. With Brian's studio proficiency growing by leaps and bounds during the mid-'60s, the Beach Boys also proved one of the best-produced groups of the '60s, exemplified by their 1966 peak with the Pet Sounds LP and the number one single \"Good Vibrations.\" Though Brian's escalating drug use and obsessive desire to trump the Beatles (by recording the perfect LP statement) eventually led to a nervous breakdown after he heard Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, the group soldiered on long into the '70s and '80s, with Brian only an inconsistent participant. The band's post-1966 material is often maligned (if it's recognized at all), but the truth is the Beach Boys continued to make great music well into the '70s. Displayed best on 1970's Sunflower, each member revealed individual talents never fully developed during the mid-'60s -- Carl became a solid, distinctive producer and Brian's replacement as nominal bandleader, Mike continued to provide a visual focus as the frontman for live shows, and Dennis developed his own notable songwriting talents. Though legal wranglings and marginal oldies tours during the '90s often obscured what made the Beach Boys great, the band's unerring ability to surf the waves of commercial success and artistic development during the '60s made them America's first, best rock band. The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian, Dennis, and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian's high-school football teammate Al Jardine. His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike. The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray, also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons, David Marks, replaced him. Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari. The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale, Jan & Dean, the Chantays, and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A., hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock. By the end of 1963, the Beach Boys had recorded three full LPs, hit the Top Ten as many times, and toured incessantly. Also, Brian began to grow as a producer, best documented on the third Beach Boys LP, Surfer Girl. Though surf songs still dominated the album, \"Catch a Wave,\" the title track, and especially \"In My Room\" presented a giant leap in songwriting, production, and group harmony -- especially astonishing considering the band had been recording for barely two years. Brian's intense scrutiny of Phil Spector's famous Wall of Sound productions was paying quick dividends and revealed his intuitive, unerring depths of musical knowledge. The following year, \"I Get Around\" became the first number one hit for the Beach Boys. Riding a crest of popularity, the late-1964 LP Beach Boys Concert spent four weeks at the top of the album charts, just one of five Beach Boys LPs simultaneously on the charts. The group also undertook promotional tours of Europe, but the pressures and time constraints proved too much for Brian. At the end of the year, he decided to quit the touring band and concentrate on studio productions. (Glen Campbell toured with the group briefly, then friend and colleague Bruce Johnston became Brian's permanent replacement.) With the Beach Boys as his musical messengers to the world, Brian began working full-time in the studio, writing songs and enlisting the cream of Los Angeles session players to record instrumental backing tracks before Carl, Dennis, Mike, and Al returned to add vocals. The single \"Help Me, Rhonda\" became the Beach Boys' second chart-topper in early 1965. On the group's seventh studio LP, The Beach Boys Today!, Brian's production skills hit another level entirely. In the rock era's first flirtation with an extended album-length statement, side two of the record presented a series of downtempo ballads, arranged into a suite that stretched the group's lyrical concerns beyond youthful infatuation and into more adult notions of love. Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party. The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today. When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys' most effective musical statement yet. In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul. Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds, more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds, but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, worldwide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles, hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver. The Beach Boys' next single, \"Good Vibrations,\" had originally been written for the Pet Sounds sessions, though Brian removed it from the song list to give himself more time for production. He resumed working on it after the completion of Pet Sounds, eventually devoting up to six months (and three different studios) to the single. Released in October 1966, \"Good Vibrations\" capped off the year as the group's third number one single and still stands as one of the best singles of all time. Throughout late 1966 and early 1967, Brian worked feverishly on the next Beach Boys LP -- a project named Dumb Angel, but later titled SMiLE, that promised to be as great an artistic leap beyond Pet Sounds as that album had been from Today. He drafted Van Dyke Parks, an eccentric lyricist and session man, as his songwriting partner, and recorded reams of tape containing increasingly fragmented tracks that grew ever more speculative as the months wore on. Already wary of Brian's increasingly artistic leanings and drug experimentation, the other Beach Boys grew hostile when called in to the studio to add vocals for Parks lyrics like, \"A blind class aristocracy/Back through the opera glass you see/The pit and the pendulum drawn/Columnaded ruins domino/Canvas the town and brush the backdrop\" (from \"Surf's Up\"). A rift soon formed between the band and Brian; they felt his intake of marijuana and LSD had clouded his judgment, while he felt they were holding him back from the coming psychedelic era. As recording for SMiLE dragged on into spring 1967, Brian began working fewer hours. For the first time in the Beach Boys' career, he appeared unsure of his direction. If SMiLE ever appeared salvageable, those hopes were dashed in May, when Brian officially canceled the project -- just a few weeks before the release of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. In August, the group finally released a new single, \"Heroes and Villains.\" Very similar to the fragmentary style of \"Good Vibrations,\" though a distinctly inferior follow-up, it missed the Top Ten. That fall, the group convened at Brian's Bel Air mansion-turned-studio and recorded new versions of several SMiLE songs plus a few new recordings and re-emerged with Smiley Smile. Carl summed up the LP as \"a bunt instead of a grand slam,\" and its near-complete lack of cohesiveness all but destroyed the group's reputation for forward-thinking pop. As the Beatles were ushering in the psychedelic age, the Beach Boys stalled with the all-important teen crowd, who quickly began to see the group as conservative, establishment throwbacks. The perfect chance to stem the tide, a headlining spot at the pioneering Monterey Pop Festival in summer 1967, was squandered. Though the Beach Boys regrouped quickly -- the back-to-basics Wild Honey LP appeared before the end of 1967 -- their hopes of becoming the world's preeminent pop group with both hippies and critics had fizzled in a matter of months. All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise. The first LP for Brother/Reprise was 1970's Sunflower, a surprisingly strong album featuring a return to the gorgeous harmonies of the mid-'60s and many songs written by different members of the band. Surf's Up, titled after a reworked song originally intended for SMiLE, followed in 1971. Though frequently lovable, the wide range of material on Surf's Up displayed not a band but a conglomeration of individual interests. During sessions for the album, Dennis put his hand through a plate glass window and was unable to play drums. Early in 1972, the band hired drummer Ricky Fataar and guitarist Blondie Chaplin, two members of a South African rock band named the Flame (Carl had produced their self-titled debut for Brother Records the previous year). Carl and the Passions: So Tough, the first album released with Fataar and Chaplin in the band, descended into lame early-'70s AOR. For the first time, a Beach Boys album retained nothing of their classic sound. Brian's mental stability wavered from year to year, and he spent much time in his mansion with no wish to even contact the outside world. He occasionally contributed to the songwriting and session load, but was by no means a member of the band anymore (he rarely even appeared on album covers or promotional shots). Though it's unclear why Reprise felt ready to take such a big risk, the label authorized a large recording budget for the next Beach Boys album. After shipping most of the group's family and entourage (plus an entire studio) over to Amsterdam, the Beach Boys re-emerged in 1973 with Holland. The LP scraped the bottom rungs of the Top 40, and the single \"Sail on, Sailor\" (with vocals by Chaplin) did receive some FM radio airplay. Still, Holland's muddy sound did nothing for the aging band, and it earned scathing reviews. Perhaps a bit gun-shy, the Beach Boys essentially retired from recording during the mid-'70s. Instead, the band concentrated on grooming their live act, which quickly grew to become an incredible experience. It was a good move, considering the Beach Boys could lay claim to more hits than any other '60s rock act on the road. The Beach Boys in Concert, their third live album in total, appeared in 1973. Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer. Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na, American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America, hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings. Trumpeted by the barely true marketing campaign \"Brian's Back!,\" 1976's 15 Big Ones balanced a couple of '50s oldies with some justifiably exciting Brian Wilson oddities like \"Had to Phone Ya.\" It also hit the Top Ten and went gold, despite many critical misgivings. Brian took a much more involved position for the following year's The Beach Boys Love You (it was almost titled Brian Loves You and released as a solo album). In marked contrast to the fatalistic early-'70s pop of \"Til I Die\" and others, Brian sounded positively jubilant on gruff proto-synth pop numbers like \"Let Us Go on This Way\" and \"Mona.\" However idiosyncratic compared to what oldies fans expected of the Beach Boys, Love You was the group's best album in years. (A suite of beautiful, tender ballads on side two was quite reminiscent of 1965's Today.) After 1979's M.I.U. Album, the group signed a large contract with CBS that stipulated Brian's involvement on each album. However, his brief return to the spotlight ended with two dismal efforts, L.A. (Light Album) and Keepin' the Summer Alive. The Beach Boys began splintering by the end of the decade, with financial mismanagement by Mike Love's brothers Stan and Steve fostering tension between him and the Wilsons. By 1980, both Dennis and Carl had left the Beach Boys for solo careers. (Dennis had already released his first album, Pacific Ocean Blue, in 1977, and Carl released his eponymous debut in 1981.) Brian was removed from the group in 1982 after his weight ballooned to over 300 pounds, though the tragic drowning death of Dennis in 1983 helped bring the group back together. In 1985, the Beach Boys released a self-titled album that returned them to the Top 40 with \"Getcha Back.\" It would be the last proper Beach Boys album of the '80s, however. Brian had been steadily improving in both mind and body during the mid-'80s, though the rest of the group grew suspicious of his mentor, Dr. Eugene Landy. Landy was a dodgy psychiatrist who reportedly worked wonders with the easily impressionable Brian but also practically took over his life. He collaborated with Brian on the autobiography Wouldn't It Be Nice and wrote lyrics for Brian's first solo album, 1988's Brian Wilson. Critics and fans enjoyed Wilson's return to the studio, but the charts were unforgiving, especially with attention focused on the Beach Boys once more. The single \"Kokomo,\" from the soundtrack to Cocktail, hit number one in the U.S. late that year, prompting a haphazard collection named Still Cruisin'. The group also sued Brian, more to force Landy out of the picture than anything, and Mike Love later sued Brian for songwriting royalties (Brian had frequently admitted Love's involvement on most of them). Despite the many quarrels, the Beach Boys kept touring during the early '90s, and Mike and Brian actually began writing songs together in 1995. Instead of a new album, though, the Beach Boys returned with Stars and Stripes, Vol. 1, a collection of remade hits with country stars singing lead and the group adding backing vocals. Also, a Brian Wilson documentary titled I Just Wasn't Made for These Times aired on the Disney Channel, with an accompanying soundtrack featuring spare renditions of Beach Boys classics by Brian himself. Just as the band appeared to be pulling together for a proper studio album, though, Carl died of cancer in 1998. Ten years after his first solo album, Brian became aware of his immense influence on the alternative rock community; he worked with biggest fans Sean O'Hagan (of the High Llamas) and Andy Paley on a series of recordings. Again, good intentions failed to carry through as the recordings were ditched in favor of another overly produced, mainstream-slanted work, Imagination. By early 1999, no less than three Beach Boys-connected units were touring the country -- a Brian Wilson solo tour, the \"official\" Beach Boys led by Mike Love, and the \"Beach Boys Family\" led by Al Jardine. In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds (Pet Sounds Live) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE. The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson's estate over the use of the Beach Boys' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band). Regardless of legal actions and strained relations, all of the band's surviving members were on hand in June 2011 for a special announcement: forthcoming were new live dates, reissues (including the first-ever release of The Smile Sessions; it appeared at the end of 2011), new recordings, and a spate of planned releases for 2012 that would feature all of the surviving members of the band who contributed the most to their '60s prime: Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, Bruce Johnston, and even David Marks. The new recordings included a version of their 1968 hit \"Do It Again\" and, by June 2012, a full album, including 12 original songs produced by Wilson and given the title of its first single, That's Why God Made the Radio; the album generated generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. Just before their 50th anniversary tour ended, in late September, Love announced that additional tour dates for the rest of 2012 would not include Brian Wilson, Jardine, or Marks. The brief reunion was commemorated on the May 2013 live album The Beach Boys Live: The 50th Anniversary Tour. Three years later a couple of archival releases appeared: a 50th anniversary reissue of Pet Sounds and a compilation of their earliest recordings called Becoming the Beach Boys: The Complete Hite & Dorinda Morgan Sessions. ~ John Bush", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.782005548477173, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian, Dennis, and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian's high-school football teammate Al Jardine. His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike. The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray, also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons, David Marks, replaced him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.607145309448242, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party. The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today. When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys' most effective musical statement yet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6749303340911865, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul. Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds, more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds, but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, worldwide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles, hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.453433513641357, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.52180814743042, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds (Pet Sounds Live) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE. The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson's estate over the use of the Beach Boys' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.71234130859375, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys Bio | The Beach Boys Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian, Dennis, and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian's high school football teammate, Al Jardine. His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike. The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray, also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons', David Marks, replaced him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.595063209533691, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party. The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today. When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys' most effective musical statement yet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6749305725097656, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul. Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds, more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds, but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, world-wide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles, hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.844598770141602, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.521807909011841, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds (Pet Sounds Live) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE. The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson's estate over the use of the Beach Boys' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.71234130859375, "source": "search", "title": "Beach Boys | Download Music, Tour Dates & Video | eMusic" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian, Dennis, and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian's high-school football teammate Al Jardine. His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike. The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray, also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons, David Marks, replaced him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.607145309448242, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party. The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today. When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys' most effective musical statement yet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6749305725097656, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul. Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds, more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds, but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, worldwide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles, hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.453433513641357, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.521807909011841, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds (Pet Sounds Live) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE. The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson's estate over the use of the Beach Boys' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.71234130859375, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Capitol", "passage": "Beginning their career as the most popular surf band in the nation, the Beach Boys finally emerged by 1966 as America's preeminent pop group, the only act able to challenge (for a brief time) the overarching success of the Beatles with both mainstream listeners and the critical community. From their 1961 debut with the regional hit \"Surfin',\" the three Wilson brothers -- Brian, Dennis, and Carl -- plus cousin Mike Love and friend Al Jardine constructed the most intricate, gorgeous harmonies ever heard from a pop band. With Brian's studio proficiency growing by leaps and bounds during the mid-'60s, the Beach Boys also proved one of the best-produced groups of the '60s, exemplified by their 1966 peak with the Pet Sounds LP and the number one single \"Good Vibrations.\" Though Brian's escalating drug use and obsessive desire to trump the Beatles (by recording the perfect LP statement) eventually led to a nervous breakdown after he heard Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, the group soldiered on long into the '70s and '80s, with Brian only an inconsistent participant. The band's post-1966 material is often maligned (if it's recognized at all), but the truth is the Beach Boys continued to make great music well into the '70s. Displayed best on 1970's Sunflower, each member revealed individual talents never fully developed during the mid-'60s -- Carl became a solid, distinctive producer and Brian's replacement as nominal bandleader, Mike continued to provide a visual focus as the frontman for live shows, and Dennis developed his own notable songwriting talents. Though legal wranglings and marginal oldies tours during the '90s often obscured what made the Beach Boys great, the band's unerring ability to surf the waves of commercial success and artistic development during the '60s made them America's first, best rock band. The origins of the group lie in Hawthorne, California, a southern suburb of Los Angeles situated close to the Pacific coast. The three sons of a part-time song plugger and occasionally abusive father, Brian, Dennis, and Carl grew up a just few miles from the ocean -- though only Dennis had any interest in surfing itself. The three often harmonized together as youths, spurred on by Brian's fascination with '50s vocal acts like the Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's. Their cousin Mike Love often joined in on the impromptu sessions, and the group gained a fifth with the addition of Brian's high-school football teammate Al Jardine. His parents helped rent instruments (with Brian on bass, Carl on guitar, and Dennis on drums) and studio time to record \"Surfin',\" a novelty number written by Brian and Mike. The single, initially released in 1961 on Candix and billed to \"the Pendletones\" (a musical paraphrase of the popular Pendleton shirt), prompted a little national chart action and gained the renamed Beach Boys a contract with Capitol. The group's negotiator with the label, the Wilsons' father, Murray, also took over as manager for the band. Before the release of any material for Capitol, however, Jardine left the band to attend college in the Midwest. A friend of the Wilsons, David Marks, replaced him. Finally, in mid-1962 the Beach Boys released their major-label debut, Surfin' Safari. The title track, a more accomplished novelty single than its predecessor, hit the Top 20 and helped launch the surf rock craze just beginning to blossom around Southern California (thanks to artists like Dick Dale, Jan & Dean, the Chantays, and dozens more). A similarly themed follow-up, Surfin' U.S.A., hit the Top Ten in early 1963 before Jardine returned from school and resumed his place in the group. By that time, the Beach Boys had recorded their first two albums, a pair of 12-track collections that added a few novelty songs to the hits they were packaged around. Though Capitol policy required the group to work with a studio producer, Brian quickly took over the sessions and began expanding the group's range beyond simple surf rock. By the end of 1963, the Beach Boys had recorded three full LPs, hit the Top Ten as many times, and toured incessantly. Also, Brian began to grow as a producer, best documented on the third Beach Boys LP, Surfer Girl. Though surf songs still dominated the album, \"Catch a Wave,\" the title track, and especially \"In My Room\" presented a giant leap in songwriting, production, and group harmony -- especially astonishing considering the band had been recording for barely two years. Brian's intense scrutiny of Phil Spector's famous Wall of Sound productions was paying quick dividends and revealed his intuitive, unerring depths of musical knowledge. The following year, \"I Get Around\" became the first number one hit for the Beach Boys. Riding a crest of popularity, the late-1964 LP Beach Boys Concert spent four weeks at the top of the album charts, just one of five Beach Boys LPs simultaneously on the charts. The group also undertook promotional tours of Europe, but the pressures and time constraints proved too much for Brian. At the end of the year, he decided to quit the touring band and concentrate on studio productions. (Glen Campbell toured with the group briefly, then friend and colleague Bruce Johnston became Brian's permanent replacement.) With the Beach Boys as his musical messengers to the world, Brian began working full-time in the studio, writing songs and enlisting the cream of Los Angeles session players to record instrumental backing tracks before Carl, Dennis, Mike, and Al returned to add vocals. The single \"Help Me, Rhonda\" became the Beach Boys' second chart-topper in early 1965. On the group's seventh studio LP, The Beach Boys Today!, Brian's production skills hit another level entirely. In the rock era's first flirtation with an extended album-length statement, side two of the record presented a series of downtempo ballads, arranged into a suite that stretched the group's lyrical concerns beyond youthful infatuation and into more adult notions of love. Two more LPs followed in 1965, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) and Beach Boys' Party. The first featured \"California Girls,\" one of the best fusions of Brian's production mastery, infectious melodies, and gorgeous close harmonies (it's still his personal favorite song). However, dragging down those few moments of brilliance were novelty tracks like \"Amusement Parks USA,\" \"Salt Lake City,\" and \"I'm Bugged at My Old Man\" that appeared to be a step back from Today. When Capitol asked for a Beach Boys record to sell at Christmas, the live-in-the-studio vocal jam session Beach Boys' Party resulted, and sold incredibly well after the single \"Barbara Ann\" became a surprise hit. In a larger sense though, both of these LPs were stopgaps as Brian prepared for production on what he hoped would be the Beach Boys' most effective musical statement yet. In late 1965, the Beatles released Rubber Soul. Amazed at the high song quality and overall cohesiveness of the album, Brian began writing songs -- with help from lyricist Tony Asher -- and producing sessions for a song suite charting a young man's growth to emotional maturity. Though Capitol was resistant to an album with few obvious hits, the group spent more time working on the vocals and harmonies than any other previous project. The result, released in May 1966 as Pet Sounds, more than justified the effort. It's still one of the best-produced and most influential rock LPs ever released, the culmination of years of Brian's perfectionist productions and songwriting. Critics praised Pet Sounds, but the new direction failed to impress American audiences. Though it reached the Top Ten, Pet Sounds missed a gold certificate (the first to do so since the group's debut LP). Conversely, worldwide reaction was not just positive but jubilant. In England, the album hit number two and earned the Beach Boys honors for best group in year-end polls by NME -- above even the Beatles, hardly slouches themselves with the releases of \"Paperback Writer\"/\"Rain\" and Revolver. The Beach Boys' next single, \"Good Vibrations,\" had originally been written for the Pet Sounds sessions, though Brian removed it from the song list to give himself more time for production. He resumed working on it after the completion of Pet Sounds, eventually devoting up to six months (and three different studios) to the single. Released in October 1966, \"Good Vibrations\" capped off the year as the group's third number one single and still stands as one of the best singles of all time. Throughout late 1966 and early 1967, Brian worked feverishly on the next Beach Boys LP -- a project named Dumb Angel, but later titled SMiLE, that promised to be as great an artistic leap beyond Pet Sounds as that album had been from Today. He drafted Van Dyke Parks, an eccentric lyricist and session man, as his songwriting partner, and recorded reams of tape containing increasingly fragmented tracks that grew ever more speculative as the months wore on. Already wary of Brian's increasingly artistic leanings and drug experimentation, the other Beach Boys grew hostile when called in to the studio to add vocals for Parks lyrics like, \"A blind class aristocracy/Back through the opera glass you see/The pit and the pendulum drawn/Columnaded ruins domino/Canvas the town and brush the backdrop\" (from \"Surf's Up\"). A rift soon formed between the band and Brian; they felt his intake of marijuana and LSD had clouded his judgment, while he felt they were holding him back from the coming psychedelic era. As recording for SMiLE dragged on into spring 1967, Brian began working fewer hours. For the first time in the Beach Boys' career, he appeared unsure of his direction. If SMiLE ever appeared salvageable, those hopes were dashed in May, when Brian officially canceled the project -- just a few weeks before the release of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. In August, the group finally released a new single, \"Heroes and Villains.\" Very similar to the fragmentary style of \"Good Vibrations,\" though a distinctly inferior follow-up, it missed the Top Ten. That fall, the group convened at Brian's Bel Air mansion-turned-studio and recorded new versions of several SMiLE songs plus a few new recordings and re-emerged with Smiley Smile. Carl summed up the LP as \"a bunt instead of a grand slam,\" and its near-complete lack of cohesiveness all but destroyed the group's reputation for forward-thinking pop. As the Beatles were ushering in the psychedelic age, the Beach Boys stalled with the all-important teen crowd, who quickly began to see the group as conservative, establishment throwbacks. The perfect chance to stem the tide, a headlining spot at the pioneering Monterey Pop Festival in summer 1967, was squandered. Though the Beach Boys regrouped quickly -- the back-to-basics Wild Honey LP appeared before the end of 1967 -- their hopes of becoming the world's preeminent pop group with both hippies and critics had fizzled in a matter of months. All this incredible promise wasted made fans, critics, and radio programmers undeniably bitter toward future product. Predictably, both Wild Honey and 1968's Friends suffered with all three audiences. They survive as interesting records nevertheless; deliberately under-produced, with song fragments and recording-session detritus often left in the mix; the skeletal blue-eyed soul of Wild Honey and the laid-back orchestral pop of Friends made them favorites only after fans realized the Beach Boys were a radically different group in 1968 than in 1966. Sparked by the Top 20 hit \"Do It Again\" -- a song that saw the first shades of the group as an oldies act -- 1969's 20/20 did marginally better. Still, Capitol dropped the band soon after. One year later, the Beach Boys signed to Reprise. The first LP for Brother/Reprise was 1970's Sunflower, a surprisingly strong album featuring a return to the gorgeous harmonies of the mid-'60s and many songs written by different members of the band. Surf's Up, titled after a reworked song originally intended for SMiLE, followed in 1971. Though frequently lovable, the wide range of material on Surf's Up displayed not a band but a conglomeration of individual interests. During sessions for the album, Dennis put his hand through a plate glass window and was unable to play drums. Early in 1972, the band hired drummer Ricky Fataar and guitarist Blondie Chaplin, two members of a South African rock band named the Flame (Carl had produced their self-titled debut for Brother Records the previous year). Carl and the Passions: So Tough, the first album released with Fataar and Chaplin in the band, descended into lame early-'70s AOR. For the first time, a Beach Boys album retained nothing of their classic sound. Brian's mental stability wavered from year to year, and he spent much time in his mansion with no wish to even contact the outside world. He occasionally contributed to the songwriting and session load, but was by no means a member of the band anymore (he rarely even appeared on album covers or promotional shots). Though it's unclear why Reprise felt ready to take such a big risk, the label authorized a large recording budget for the next Beach Boys album. After shipping most of the group's family and entourage (plus an entire studio) over to Amsterdam, the Beach Boys re-emerged in 1973 with Holland. The LP scraped the bottom rungs of the Top 40, and the single \"Sail on, Sailor\" (with vocals by Chaplin) did receive some FM radio airplay. Still, Holland's muddy sound did nothing for the aging band, and it earned scathing reviews. Perhaps a bit gun-shy, the Beach Boys essentially retired from recording during the mid-'70s. Instead, the band concentrated on grooming their live act, which quickly grew to become an incredible experience. It was a good move, considering the Beach Boys could lay claim to more hits than any other '60s rock act on the road. The Beach Boys in Concert, their third live album in total, appeared in 1973. Then, in mid-1974, Capitol Records went to the vaults and issued a repackaged hits collection, Endless Summer. Both band and label watched, dumbfounded, as the double LP hit number one, spent almost three years on the charts, and went gold. Endless Summer capitalized on a growing fascination with oldies rock that had made Sha Na Na, American Graffiti, and Happy Days big hits. Rolling Stone, never the most friendly magazine to the group, named the Beach Boys its Band of the Year at the end of the year. Another collection, Spirit of America, hit the Top Ten in 1974, and the Beach Boys were hustled into the studio to begin new recordings. Trumpeted by the barely true marketing campaign \"Brian's Back!,\" 1976's 15 Big Ones balanced a couple of '50s oldies with some justifiably exciting Brian Wilson oddities like \"Had to Phone Ya.\" It also hit the Top Ten and went gold, despite many critical misgivings. Brian took a much more involved position for the following year's The Beach Boys Love You (it was almost titled Brian Loves You and released as a solo album). In marked contrast to the fatalistic early-'70s pop of \"Til I Die\" and others, Brian sounded positively jubilant on gruff proto-synth pop numbers like \"Let Us Go on This Way\" and \"Mona.\" However idiosyncratic compared to what oldies fans expected of the Beach Boys, Love You was the group's best album in years. (A suite of beautiful, tender ballads on side two was quite reminiscent of 1965's Today.) After 1979's M.I.U. Album, the group signed a large contract with CBS that stipulated Brian's involvement on each album. However, his brief return to the spotlight ended with two dismal efforts, L.A. (Light Album) and Keepin' the Summer Alive. The Beach Boys began splintering by the end of the decade, with financial mismanagement by Mike Love's brothers Stan and Steve fostering tension between him and the Wilsons. By 1980, both Dennis and Carl had left the Beach Boys for solo careers. (Dennis had already released his first album, Pacific Ocean Blue, in 1977, and Carl released his eponymous debut in 1981.) Brian was removed from the group in 1982 after his weight ballooned to over 300 pounds, though the tragic drowning death of Dennis in 1983 helped bring the group back together. In 1985, the Beach Boys released a self-titled album that returned them to the Top 40 with \"Getcha Back.\" It would be the last proper Beach Boys album of the '80s, however. Brian had been steadily improving in both mind and body during the mid-'80s, though the rest of the group grew suspicious of his mentor, Dr. Eugene Landy. Landy was a dodgy psychiatrist who reportedly worked wonders with the easily impressionable Brian but also practically took over his life. He collaborated with Brian on the autobiography Wouldn't It Be Nice and wrote lyrics for Brian's first solo album, 1988's Brian Wilson. Critics and fans enjoyed Wilson's return to the studio, but the charts were unforgiving, especially with attention focused on the Beach Boys once more. The single \"Kokomo,\" from the soundtrack to Cocktail, hit number one in the U.S. late that year, prompting a haphazard collection named Still Cruisin'. The group also sued Brian, more to force Landy out of the picture than anything, and Mike Love later sued Brian for songwriting royalties (Brian had frequently admitted Love's involvement on most of them). Despite the many quarrels, the Beach Boys kept touring during the early '90s, and Mike and Brian actually began writing songs together in 1995. Instead of a new album, though, the Beach Boys returned with Stars and Stripes, Vol. 1, a collection of remade hits with country stars singing lead and the group adding backing vocals. Also, a Brian Wilson documentary titled I Just Wasn't Made for These Times aired on the Disney Channel, with an accompanying soundtrack featuring spare renditions of Beach Boys classics by Brian himself. Just as the band appeared to be pulling together for a proper studio album, though, Carl died of cancer in 1998. Ten years after his first solo album, Brian became aware of his immense influence on the alternative rock community; he worked with biggest fans Sean O'Hagan (of the High Llamas) and Andy Paley on a series of recordings. Again, good intentions failed to carry through as the recordings were ditched in favor of another overly produced, mainstream-slanted work, Imagination. By early 1999, no less than three Beach Boys-connected units were touring the country -- a Brian Wilson solo tour, the \"official\" Beach Boys led by Mike Love, and the \"Beach Boys Family\" led by Al Jardine. In 2000, Capitol instituted a long-promised reissue campaign, focusing on the group's long out of print '70s LPs, and updated remastering of the '60s LPs followed soon after. Brian Wilson continued his solo career into the 2000s with a string of popular albums, including a live run-though of Pet Sounds (Pet Sounds Live) and, in 2004, a concert tour as well as a re-recording around SMiLE. The surviving members next united in 2006 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. Two years later, however, Jardine was forced to settle a lawsuit brought by Love and Carl Wilson's estate over the use of the Beach Boys' name in his touring band (which was renamed the Endless Summer Band). Regardless of legal actions and strained relations, all of the band's surviving members were on hand in June 2011 for a special announcement: forthcoming were new live dates, reissues (including the first-ever release of The Smile Sessions; it appeared at the end of 2011), new recordings, and a spate of planned releases for 2012 that would feature all of the surviving members of the band who contributed the most to their '60s prime: Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, Bruce Johnston, and even David Marks. The new recordings included a version of their 1968 hit \"Do It Again\" and, by June 2012, a full album, including 12 original songs produced by Wilson and given the title of its first single, That's Why God Made the Radio; the album generated generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. Just before their 50th anniversary tour ended, in late September, Love announced that additional tour dates for the rest of 2012 would not include Brian Wilson, Jardine, or Marks. The brief reunion was commemorated on the May 2013 live album The Beach Boys Live: The 50th Anniversary Tour. Three years later a couple of archival releases appeared: a 50th anniversary reissue of Pet Sounds and a compilation of their earliest recordings called Becoming the Beach Boys: The Complete Hite & Dorinda Morgan Sessions. ~ John Bush", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.782005548477173, "source": "search", "title": "The Beach Boys on Apple Music - iTunes" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Philomel, a serial composition composed in 1964, combines synthesizer with both live and recorded soprano voice. It is Milton Babbitt’s best-known work and was planned as a piece for performance at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, funded by the Ford Foundation and commissioned for soprano Bethany Beardslee. Babbitt created Philomel in the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, of which he was a founding member. ", "precise_score": 4.833375930786133, "rough_score": 6.785003662109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Philomel (Babbitt)" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "In 1958, Columbia-Princeton developed the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer, the first programmable synthesizer. This device was actually a special-purpose, digitally controlled analogue computer, it was the first electronic music synthesizer in which a large range of sounds could not only be produced and sequenced but also be programmed by the user. This programming feature had a profound influence on the nature of Babbitt's electronic music. Prominent composers such as Vladimir Ussachevsky, Otto Luening, Milton Babbitt, Charles Wuorinen, Halim El-Dabh, Bülent Arel and Mario Davidovsky used the RCA Synthesizer extensively in various compositions. One of the most influential composers associated with the early years of the studio was Egypt's Halim El-Dabh who, after having developed the earliest known electronic tape music in 1944, became more famous for Leiyla and the Poet, a 1959 series of electronic compositions that stood out for its immersion and seamless fusion of electronic and folk music, in contrast to the more mathematical approach used by serial composers of the time such as Babbitt. El-Dabh's Leiyla and the Poet, released as part of the album Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center in 1961, would be cited as a strong influence by a number of musicians, ranging from Neil Rolnick, Charles Amirkhanian and Alice Shields to rock musicians Frank Zappa and The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band. ", "precise_score": -9.402168273925781, "rough_score": -2.739802598953247, "source": "wiki", "title": "Electronic music" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt composed his first electronic work using the synthesizer—his Composition for Synthesizer (1961)—which he created using the RCA synthesizer at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.", "precise_score": -5.9925360679626465, "rough_score": -1.3605105876922607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Electronic music" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Babbitt writes both electronic music and music for conventional musical instruments, and often combines the two. He has great talent and an instinct for jazz and other American popular music. In addition to teaching at Princeton, he has also taught at The Juilliard School. He founded the Committee of Direction for the Electronic Music Center of Columbia-Princeton Universities. He has been awarded many honors including a MacArthur Fellowship in 1986 (sometimes called the “Genius Award”) and a Pulitzer Prize Citation for his “life’s work as a distinguished and seminal American composer.” Milton Babbitt is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a part of the American Academy of Arts. He was the recipient of the Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters Award for music composition in 1988. He has had a major impact on the works of contemporary musicians. (Schirmer, G.). Babbitt once said, “I want a piece of music to be literally as much as possible (“Smith Archives”).", "precise_score": -5.9788618087768555, "rough_score": -5.4762091636657715, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Babbitt is a great composer and accomplished man who still works with serialization today (see update below). Milton Babbitt once said, “I am concerned with stating an attitude towards the indisputable facts of the status and condition of the composer of what we will, for the moment, designate as ‘serious,’ ‘advanced,’ contemporary music. This composer expends an enormous amount of time and energy — and, usually, considerable money — on the creation of a commodity which has little, no, or negative commodity value. He is, in essence, a ‘vanity’ composer. The general public is largely unaware of and uninterested in his music. The majority of performers shun it and resent it. Consequently, the music is little performed, and then primarily at poorly-attended concerts before an audience consisting in the main of fellow professionals. At best, the music would appear to be for, of, and by specialists.” (Arnold, C.). Nevertheless, the compositional and intellectual wisdom of Milton Babbitt has influenced a wide range of contemporary musicians.  His All Set, for jazz ensemble, reveals an extraordinary compositional flexibility, uniquely American and vintage Babbitt.", "precise_score": -7.499319553375244, "rough_score": -4.776235103607178, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "2011 UPDATE: Milton Babbitt died on January 29, 2011, at the age of 94 in Princeton, New Jersey. The Associated Press stated that Babbitt was known for his complex orchestral compositions and credited with developing the first electronic synthesizer. Babbitt had earned degrees from Princeton and New York University and joined Princeton’s faculty in 1938. He became a professor emeritus of music there in 1984. In the 1950s, RCA hired Babbitt as a consultant while it was developing the Mark II synthesizer. The synthesizer was installed at Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Cente,r and Babbitt became a founder and director. He was best known for electronic music blended with vocal performances in compositions such as Vision and Prayer and Philomel in the 1960s and Reflections in 1975.", "precise_score": -3.754365921020508, "rough_score": -3.6753385066986084, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "In the United States the production of electronic music, until 1958, was much more sporadic. The only continuing effort of this sort was the project undertaken by two composers at Columbia University , Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky , to create a professional tape studio and to compose music illustrating the musical possibilities of the tape medium. Luening and Ussachevsky often collaborated on joint compositions. They gained particular attention for the composition of several concerto-like works for tape recorder and orchestra. In 1959 Luening and Ussachevsky joined with another U.S. composer, Milton Babbitt, to organize, on a much larger scale, the Columbia–Princeton Electronic Music Center, in which an impressive number of composers of professional repute have worked.", "precise_score": 0.10188304632902145, "rough_score": 4.807206630706787, "source": "search", "title": "electronic music | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "The composer whose name became particularly associated with the RCA synthesizer was Milton Babbitt . He had developed a precisely defined compositional technique involving total serialization (i.e., of every musical element). When he became aware of the synthesizer, he was anxious to use it, because it gave him the opportunity to realize his music more precisely than had hitherto been the case. Among Babbitt’s compositions created with this machine were Composition for Synthesizer (1961), Vision and Prayer (1961), Ensembles for Synthesizer (1963), Philomel (1964), and Phonemena (1974).", "precise_score": 0.7727081775665283, "rough_score": 3.9377472400665283, "source": "search", "title": "electronic music | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "NEW YORK –– The 32nd annual Focus! festival, Milton Babbitt’s World: A Centennial Celebration, is devoted to composer, teacher, and writer, the late Milton Babbitt, who was a longtime member of Juilliard’s composition faculty (1971 to 2008) and remained an emeritus faculty member. The festival, which will include the world premiere of Babbitt’s Concerti for Violin, Orchestra, and Synthesized Sound, opens with the New Juilliard Ensemble, conducted by Joel Sachs, on Friday, January 22, 2016, at 7:30pm in Juilliard’s Peter Jay Sharp Theater in a program with works by Milton Babbitt, Juilliard faculty member and composer Jonathan Dawe, Alexander Goehr, Stefan Wolpe, and Ursula Mamlok. The festival continues with four chamber music concerts, Monday, January 25 through Thursday, January 28, 2016, and closes with a concert by the Juilliard Orchestra, conducted by Jeffrey Milarsky, on Friday, January 29, 2016, at 7:30pm in Alice Tully Hall. The closing program features works by some of Milton Babbitt’s favorite composers — Brahms, Stravinsky, and Schoenberg — and Babbitt’s Piano Concerto No.2 with Juilliard alumnus, pianist Conor Hanick.", "precise_score": -1.8062249422073364, "rough_score": 4.09684944152832, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton BABBITT Concerti for Violin, Orchestra, and Synthesized Sound (1975-6, world premiere) (electronics completed by Jonathan Dawe and Nathan Prillaman)", "precise_score": -3.3901398181915283, "rough_score": -3.953946352005005, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton BABBITT Philomel (1964) for soprano, recorded soprano, and synthesized sound", "precise_score": 0.10386373847723007, "rough_score": 3.91978120803833, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "According to Milton Babbitt himself, \"I could produce things faster than any pianist could play or any listener could hear. We were able to work with greater speeds. That was one of the things that interested me the most – the timbre, the rhythmic aspect. And we learned a great deal. It was an analog device and it was given digital information and switching instructions...passing over very expensive gold wires that scanned the information and then recorded it on tape. I could change certain qualities of a tone while keeping other qualities, like the pitch, consistent.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.180636405944824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Philomel (Babbitt)" }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies at 94 - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.637702941894531, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Music |Milton Babbitt, a Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies at 94", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.276481628417969, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt , an influential composer, theorist and teacher who wrote music that was intensely rational and for many listeners impenetrably abstruse, died on Saturday. He was 94 and lived in Princeton, N.J.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.042351722717285, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt at Carnegie Hall in 1998. Credit Steve J. Sherman", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977666854858398, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "In 1938, Sessions invited Mr. Babbitt to join the Princeton composition faculty, and Mr. Babbitt succeeded him as the William Shubael Conant Professor of Music in 1965. Mr. Babbitt was also on the faculty of the Juilliard School, where he began teaching in 1973, as well as at the Salzburg Seminar in American Studies; the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood ; the new-music academy at Darmstadt, Germany; and the New England Conservatory in Boston. A series of six lectures he gave at the University of Wisconsin was published as “Words About Music” in 1987. Mr. Babbitt’s articles about music were published as “The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt” by Princeton University Press in 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.314706802368164, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "A version of this article appears in print on January 30, 2011, on Page A24 of the New York edition with the headline: Milton Babbitt, a Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies at 94. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.100434303283691, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, Composer Who Gloried in Complexity, Dies ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson, Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.889837265014648, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Byron Babbitt was born on May 10, 1916, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  His father was a mathematician.  Milton Babbitt grew up in Jackson, Mississippi, learning to play the violin at age four and later he learned to play the clarinet and saxophone. When he was just fifteen years old, he graduated high school, and he became a jazz musician and pop music composer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.479575157165527, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "In 1931, Babbitt enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania with the intention of studying mathematics as his father did.  However, music interested him more, so he transferred to New York University where he studied composition. Babbitt earned his degree from New York University in music in 1935 and later from Princeton in music in 1942 “Symposium in Honor of Milton Babbitt”).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.523688316345215, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "His early influences included Webern and Schoenberg. Babbitt wanted to have control of every aspect of his compositions in a serialization of 12 tones, 12 dynamic levels, 12 note values, 12 instrumental timbres, and 12 time intervals. He compares the 20th century serialization of music as a revolution equal to the 20th century revolution in physics. Milton Babbitt wrote the article, “Who Cares If You Listen?” dealing with the composer as a writer of music that the general public does not understand or even want to understand (Arnold, C.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.348799228668213, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "In May, 1998, there was a symposium in honor of Milton Babbitt in the Coolidge Auditorium of the Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress. Babbitt has been a friend of the Music Division in the Library of Congress for many years and has served on the Coolidge Foundation Committee.  Some of his works have been shown at the Library and show  insight into many of the most important developments in music. The purpose of the symposium in his honor was to acknowledge those developments (“Symposium in Honor of Milton Babbitt”).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.934206008911133, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt’s wife Sylvia died in 2005. Together they had one daughter, Betty Anne Duggan. Babbitt’s brother Albert E. Babbitt, Jr., a mathematician who died in 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424052238464355, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "1998- Symposium in Honor of Milton Babbitt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305054664611816, "source": "search", "title": "Milton Babbitt, musician and composer from Jackson ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Focus! 2016 Presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial Celebration\" in January 2016 | The Juilliard School", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256142616271973, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Focus! 2016 Presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial Celebration\" in January 2016", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26790714263916, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409656524658203, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "About Milton Babbitt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398462295532227, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton Babbitt was one of the most influential composers and music theorists of the 20th century. He passed away on January 29, 2011, in Princeton, New Jersey where he had resided for many years. He was a member of the Juilliard composition faculty from 1971 to 2008 and remained an emeritus faculty member.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.652162551879883, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Born on May 10, 1916, in Philadelphia, Milton Babbitt grew up in Jackson, Mississippi. He began playing the violin at age 4, and was playing jazz gigs as a teenage clarinetist. When he was 16, he became interested in serialism and Arnold Schoenberg’s music, which became a major influence on his work as a composer. Mr. Babbitt received his bachelor’s degree from N.Y.U., his master’s degree and PhD from Princeton University where he was on the faculty from 1938 to 1984 and remained an emeritus professor of composition. He received a special Pulitzer citation in 1982; he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1986. Juilliard presented Milton Babbitt with an honorary Doctor of Music degree in 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.723198413848877, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "MILTON BABBITT’S WORLD: A CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438729286193848, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton BABBITT The Crowded Air (1988)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361943244934082, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Jonathan DAWE Déploration sur la mort de Milton Babbitt (2011, world premiere)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229439735412598, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 2016 presents \"Milton Babbitt's World: A Centennial ..." }, { "answer": "Milton Babbit", "passage": "Milton BABBITT Three Compositions for Piano (1947)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.624150276184082, "source": "search", "title": "Focus! 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[ { "answer": "Oklahoma", "passage": "**Through warfare, the Iroquois drove several tribes to migrate west to what became known as their historically traditional lands west of the Mississippi River. Tribes originating in the Ohio Valley who moved west included the Osage, Kaw, Ponca and Omaha people. By the mid-17th century, they had resettled in their historical lands in present-day Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Osage warred with Caddo-speaking Native Americans, displacing them in turn by the mid-18th century and dominating their new historical territories.", "precise_score": -10.627796173095703, "rough_score": -10.063118934631348, "source": "wiki", "title": "History of the United States" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The 2004 Summer Olympic Games (, ), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries. There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. 2004 marked the return of the games to the city where they began.", "precise_score": 11.102462768554688, "rough_score": 8.180635452270508, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Athens was chosen as the host city during the 106th IOC Session held in Lausanne on 5 September 1997. Athens had lost its bid to organize the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta nearly seven years before on 18 September 1990, during the 96th IOC Session in Tokyo. 1996 coincided with the 100th Anniversary of the first modern Olympics, which were also held in Athens. Under the direction of Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, Athens pursued another bid, this time for the right to host the Summer Olympics in 2004. The success of Athens in securing the 2004 Games was based largely on Athens' appeal to Olympic history and the emphasis that it placed on the pivotal role that Greece and Athens could play in promoting Olympism and the Olympic Movement. Furthermore; unlike their bid for the 1996 Games which was largely criticized for its overall disorganization and arrogance – wherein the bid lacked specifics and relied largely upon sentiment and the notion that it was Athens' right to organize the Centennial Games; the bid for the 2004 Games was lauded for its humility and earnestness, its focused message, and its detailed bid concept. The 2004 bid addressed concerns and criticisms raised in its unsuccessful 1996 bid – primarily Athens' infrastructural readiness, its air pollution, its budget, and politicization of Games preparations. Athens' successful organization of the 1997 World Championships in Athletics the month before the host city election was also crucial in allaying lingering fears and concerns among the sporting community and some IOC members about its ability to host international sporting events. Another factor which also contributed to Athens' selection was a growing sentiment among some IOC members to restore the values of the Olympics to the Games, a component which they felt was lost during the heavily criticized over-commercialization of Atlanta 1996 Games. Subsequently, the selection of Athens was also motivated by a lingering sense of disappointment among IOC members regarding the numerous organizational and logistical setbacks experienced during the 1996 Games.", "precise_score": 5.379325866699219, "rough_score": 2.2736597061157227, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The demonstration sport of wheelchair racing was a joint Olympic/Paralympic event, allowing a Paralympic event to occur within the Olympics, and for the future, opening up the wheelchair race to the able-bodied. The 2004 Summer Paralympics were also held in Athens, from 17 to 28 September.", "precise_score": 6.943296909332275, "rough_score": 4.549943923950195, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Games were concluded on 29 August 2004. The closing ceremony was held at the Athens Olympic Stadium, where the Games had been opened 16 days earlier. Around 70,000 people gathered in the stadium to watch the ceremony.", "precise_score": 8.401041030883789, "rough_score": 7.380488872528076, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The United States has hosted eight Olympic Games, four Summer and four Winter, more than any other nation. The British capital London holds the distinction of hosting three Olympic Games, all Summer, more than any other city. The other nations hosting the Summer Games twice are Germany, Australia, France and Greece. The other cities hosting the Summer Games twice are Los Angeles, Paris and Athens. With the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, Japan and Tokyo, respectively, will hold these statuses.", "precise_score": 4.633588790893555, "rough_score": 1.9102208614349365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s preeminent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years.", "precise_score": 2.4314260482788086, "rough_score": 1.7784559726715088, "source": "search", "title": "The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the VIII Games were held in Paris. Some 3,000 athletes (with more than 100 women among them) from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympics debuted that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from a record 201 countries competed. In a gesture that joined both ancient and modern Olympic traditions, the shotput competition that year was held at the site of the classical Games in Olympia.", "precise_score": 6.704484939575195, "rough_score": 4.393092632293701, "source": "search", "title": "The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The 2004 Summer Olympics are officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad (the 28th Summer Olympic Games). The Games were held in Athens over 17 days, from August 13 to August 29, 2004. Planners expected 10,500 athletes (in fact 11,099 competed) and 5,500 team officials from 202 countries. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. There were a total of 301 medal events from 28 different sports.", "precise_score": 10.660926818847656, "rough_score": 8.298792839050293, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Athens was chosen as the host city during the 106th IOC Session held in Lausanne in 05 September 1997, after surprisingly losing the bid to organize the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta nearly seven years before, on 18 September 1990, during the 96th IOC Session in Tokyo. Athens, under the direction of Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, pursued another bid, this time for the right to organize the 2004 games. The success of Athens in securing the 2004 Games were based largely on first, the Athens bids' appeal to Olympic history and the emphasis that it placed on the pivotal role that Greece and Athens played in the promotion of the Olympic Movement, and second, the apparent failure of Atlanta in successfully staging the symbolically significant Centennial Olympic Games in 1996.", "precise_score": 6.832610130310059, "rough_score": 5.909202575683594, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Games were concluded on August 29, 2004. The closing ceremony was held at the Athens Olympic Stadium, where the Games had been opened 16 days earlier. Around 70,000 people gathered in the stadium to watch the ceremony.", "precise_score": 8.273625373840332, "rough_score": 7.269315719604492, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The demonstration sport of wheelchair racing was a joint Olympic/Paralympic event, allowing a Paralympic event to occur within the Olympics, and for the future, opening up wheelchair racing to the able-bodied. The 2004 Summer Paralympics were also held in Athens, from September 17 to 28.", "precise_score": 7.0387725830078125, "rough_score": 4.456422805786133, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "In the summer of 2004 all roads lead to Athens. The 2004 summer Olympics were held in Athens is the sports spectacle that Olympic enthusiasts will be looking forward to. The extravaganza that is the Modern Olympics is conducted on a larger-than-life scale. Come on an Olympic expedition that will trace the history of the games and bring you abreast with the preparations for the Greece Olympics. Find out about the Summer Olympics mascots, sports categories and much more.", "precise_score": 9.99995231628418, "rough_score": 7.008066654205322, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "It seems fitting that the 2004 summer Olympics will be held at Athens as this signifies a return to origins – the home of the first Modern Olympics. Athens was chosen by the IOC in preference over Buenos Aires, Cape Town, Rome and Stockholm. The 2004 Summer Olympics will be held from August 13 – 29 2004. The lighting ceremony of the Olympic Flame in Ancient Olympia prior to the Greece Olympics will be held on 25 March 2004.", "precise_score": 10.288237571716309, "rough_score": 7.393153190612793, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "On April 6, 1896, the first modern Olympic Games are held in Athens, Greece, with athletes from 14 countries participating.", "precise_score": 1.3698843717575073, "rough_score": 2.672900676727295, "source": "search", "title": "First modern Olympics is held - Apr 06, 1896 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Starting in 1992, the summer and winter games, which had traditionally been held in the same year every four years, took place two years apart. The Summer Games returned to Athens in 2004, with 10,625 athletes (4,329 women and 6,296 men) from 201 nations participating in 301 events.", "precise_score": 7.051938533782959, "rough_score": 6.505688190460205, "source": "search", "title": "First modern Olympics is held - Apr 06, 1896 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "From the 241 participants from 14 nations in 1896, the Games grew to nearly 11,100 competitors from 202 countries at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The number of competitors at the Winter Olympics is much smaller than at the Summer Games; at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin Italy, 2,633 athletes from 80 countries competed in 84 events.", "precise_score": 6.959573268890381, "rough_score": 4.904364109039307, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Traditionally (starting at the 1928 Summer Olympics ) Greece marches first, because of its historical status as the origin of the Olympics, while the host nation marches last. (In 2004, when the Games were held in Athens, Greece marched last as host nation rather than first, although the flag of Greece was carried in first.) Between these two nations, all other participating nations march in alphabetical order of the dominant language of the host country,{{ safesubst:ifsubst |{{subst:Unsubst|Citation needed| name|¬|reason|¬| date|November 2007 }}| Template:Fix or in French or English alphabetical order if the host country does not write its dominant language in an alphabet which has a set order. In the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , both Spanish and Catalan were official languages of the games, but due to politics surrounding the use of Catalan, the nations entered in French alphabetical order. The XVIII Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan saw nations entering in English alphabetical order since the Japanese language grouped both China and Chinese Taipei together in the Parade of Nations.", "precise_score": 3.913311243057251, "rough_score": 4.228357791900635, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games, replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games. This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue. The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium. The 2004 summer games were hailed as \"unforgettable, dream games\" by IOC President Jacques Rogge, and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure, including a new airport, ring road, and subway system. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.276942253112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "After leading all voting rounds, Athens easily defeated Rome in the 5th and final vote. Cape Town, Stockholm, and Buenos Aires, the three other cities that made the IOC shortlist, were eliminated in prior rounds of voting. Six other cities submitted applications, but their bids were dropped by the IOC in 1996. These cities were Istanbul, Lille, Rio de Janeiro, San Juan, Seville, and Saint Petersburg. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.853882789611816, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The 2004 Summer Olympic Games cost the Government of Greece €8.954 billion to stage. According to the cost-benefit evaluation of the impact of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games presented to the Greek Parliament in January 2013 by the Minister of Finance Mr. Giannis Stournaras, the overall net economic benefit of the games for Greece was positive. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3389555215835571, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Athens 2004 Organizing Committee (ATHOC), responsible for the preparation and organisation of the games, concluded its operations as a company in 2005 with a surplus of €130.6 million. ATHOC contributed €123.6 million of the surplus to the Greek State to cover other related expenditures of the Greek State in organizing of the games. As a result, ATHOC reported in its official published accounts a net profit of €7 million. The State’s contribution to the total ATHOC budget was 8% of its expenditure against an originally anticipated 14%.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.625176429748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "It was in this sense that the Greek Ministry of Finance reported in 2013 that the expenses of the Greek state for the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, including both infrastructure and organizational costs, reached the amount of €8.5 billion. The same report further explains that €2 billion of this amount was covered by the revenue of the ATHOC (from tickets, sponsors, broadcasting rights, merchandise sales etc.) and that another €2 billion was directly invested in upgrading hospitals and archaeological sites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.378455638885498, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Therefore, the net infrastructure costs related to the preparation of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games was €4.5 billion, substantially lower than the reported estimates, and mainly included long-standing fixed asset investments in numerous municipal and transport infrastructures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7220325469970703, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "On the revenue side, the same report estimates that incremental tax revenues of approximately €3.5 billion arose from the increased activities caused by the Athens 2004 Olympic Games during the period 2000 to 2004. These tax revenues were paid directly to the Greek state specifically in the form of incremental social security contributions, income taxes and VAT tax paid by all the companies, professionals, and service providers that were directly involved with the Olympic Games. Moreover, it is reported that the Athens 2004 Olympic Games have had a great economic growth impact on the tourism sector, one of the pillars of the Greek economy, as well as in many other sectors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.233804702758789, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The final verdict on the cost of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, in the words of the Greek Minister of Finance, is that \"as a result from the cost-benefit analysis, we reach the conclusion that there has been a net economic benefit from the Olympic Games\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.524362564086914, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Infrastructure, such as the tram line linking venues in southern Athens with the city proper, and numerous venues were considerably behind schedule just two months before the games. The subsequent pace of preparation, however, made the rush to finish the Athens venues one of the tightest in Olympics history. The Greeks, unperturbed, maintained that they would make it all along. By July/August 2004, all venues were delivered: in August, the Olympic Stadium was officially completed and opened, joined or preceded by the official completion and openings of other venues within the Athens Olympic Sports Complex (OAKA), and the sports complexes in Faliro and Helliniko.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.295128583908081, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Late July and early August witnessed the Athens Tram become operational, and this system provided additional connections to those already existing between Athens and its waterfront communities along the Saronic Gulf. These communities included the port city of Piraeus, Agios Kosmas (site of the sailing venue), Helliniko (the site of the old international airport which now contained the fencing venue, the canoe/kayak slalom course, the 15,000-seat Helliniko Olympic Basketball Arena, and the softball and baseball stadia), and the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex (site of the taekwondo, handball, indoor volleyball, and beach volleyball venues, as well as the newly reconstructed Karaiskaki Stadium for football). The upgrades to the Athens Ring Road were also delivered just in time, as were the expressway upgrades connecting Athens proper with peripheral areas such as Markopoulo (site of the shooting and equestrian venues), the newly constructed Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport, Schinias (site of the rowing venue), Maroussi (site of the OAKA), Parnitha (site of the Olympic Village), Galatsi (site of the rhythmic gymnastics and table tennis venue), and Vouliagmeni (site of the triathlon venue). The upgrades to the Athens Metro were also completed, and the new lines became operational by mid-summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.180130004882812, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "EMI released Unity, the official pop album of the Athens Olympics, in the leadup to the Olympics. It features contributions from Sting, Lenny Kravitz, Moby, Destiny's Child, and Avril Lavigne. EMI has pledged to donate US$180,000 from the album to UNICEF's HIV/AIDS program in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202777862548828, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Mascots have been a tradition at the Olympic Games since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. The Athens games had two official mascots: Athiná and Phévos (pronounced in Greek, Athina and Fivos). The sister and brother were named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom, strategy and war, and Phoebus, the god of light and music, respectively. They were inspired by the ancient daidala, which were dolls that had religious connotations as well as being toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.625391006469727, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The widely praised Opening Ceremony Directed by avant garde choreographer Dimitris Papaioannou and Produced by Jack Morton Worldwide led by Project Director David Zolkwer was held on 13 August 2004. It began with a twenty eight (the number of the Olympiads up to then) second countdown paced by the sounds of an amplified heartbeat. As the countdown was completed, fireworks rumbled and illuminated the skies overhead. After a drum corps and bouzouki players joined in an opening march, the video screen showed images of flight, crossing southwest from Athens over the Greek countryside to ancient Olympia. Then, a single drummer in the ancient stadium joined in a drum duet with a single drummer in the main stadium in Athens, joining the original ancient Olympic games with the modern ones in symbolism. At the end of the drum duet, a single flaming arrow was launched from the video screen (symbolically from ancient Olympia) and into the reflecting pool, which resulted in fire erupting in the middle of the stadium creating a burning image of the Olympic rings rising from the pool. The Opening Ceremony was a pageant of traditional Greek culture and history hearkening back to its mythological beginnings. The program began as a young Greek boy sailed into the stadium on a 'paper-ship' waving the host nation's flag to aethereal music by Hadjidakis and then a centaur appeared, followed by a gigantic head of a cycladic figurine which eventually broke into many pieces symbolising the Greek islands. Underneath the cycladic head was a Hellenistic representation of the human body, reflecting the concept and belief in perfection reflected in Greek art. A man was seen balancing on a hovering cube symbolising man's eternal 'split' between passion and reason followed by a couple of young lovers playfully chasing each other while the god Eros was hovering above them. There followed a very colourful float parade chronicling Greek history from the ancient Minoan civilization to modern times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.350615501403809, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Opening Ceremony culminated in the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron by 1996 Gold Medalist Windsurfer Nikolaos Kaklamanakis. Many key moments in the ceremony, including the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron, featured music composed and arranged by John Psathas from New Zealand. The gigantic cauldron, which was styled after the Athens 2004 Olympic Torch, pivoted down to be lit by the 35-year-old, before slowly swinging up and lifting the flame high above the stadium. Following this, the stadium found itself at the centre of a rousing fireworks spectacular.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8585004806518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "All National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Athens Games, as was the case in 1996. Two new NOCs had been created since 1996 and made their debut at these Games (Kiribati and Timor-Leste). Therefore, with the re-appearance of Afghanistan (missing the 2000 Summer Olympics) the number of participating nations increased from 199 to 202. Also since 2000, Yugoslavia had changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro and its code from YUG to SCG. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants each NOC contributed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.95332932472229, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athenai", "passage": "* The shot put event was held in ancient Olympia, site of the ancient Olympic Games (that is the very first time women athletes competed in Ancient Olympia), while the archery competition was held in the Panathenaic Stadium, in which the 1896 games were held.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.615405559539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "* The marathon was held on the same route as the 1896 games, beginning in the site of the Battle of Marathon to the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.315918922424316, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "A significant part of the closing ceremony was the exchange of the Olympic flag of the Antwerp games between the mayor of Athens and the mayor of Beijing, host city of the next Olympic games. After the flag exchange a presentation from the Beijing delegation presented a glimpse into Chinese culture for the world to see. Beijing University students (who were at first incorrectly cited as the Twelve Girls Band) sang Mo Li Hua (Jasmine Flower) and the medal ceremony for the last event of the Olympics, the men's marathon, was conducted, with Stefano Baldini from Italy as the winner. The bronze medal winner, Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima of Brazil, was simultaneously announced as a recipient of the Pierre de Coubertin medal for his bravery in finishing the race despite being attacked by a rogue spectator while leading with 7 km to go.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.026716232299805, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Short speeches were presented by Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, President of the Organising Committee, and by President Dr. Jacques Rogge of the IOC, in which he described the Athens Olympics as \"unforgettable, dream Games\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.516983032226562, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Dr. Rogge had previously declared he would be breaking with tradition in his closing speech as President of the IOC and that he would never use the words of his predecessor Juan Antonio Samaranch, who used to always say 'these were the best ever games'. Dr. Rogge had described Salt Lake City 2002 as \"superb games\" and in turn would continue after Athens 2004 and describe Turin 2006 as \"truly magnificent games.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.355022430419922, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The national anthems of Greece and China were played in a handover ceremony as both nations' flags were raised. The Mayor of Athens, Dora Bakoyianni, passed the Olympic Flag to the Mayor of Beijing, Wang Qishan. After a short cultural performance by Chinese actors, dancers, and musicians directed by eminent Chinese director Zhang Yimou, Rogge declared the 2004 Olympic Games closed. The Olympic flag was next raised again on 10 February 2006 during the opening ceremony of next Winter Olympic games in Torino.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0640053749084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "* Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre – diving, swimming, synchronized swimming, water polo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.847769737243652, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "* Athens Olympic Tennis Centre – tennis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.983222007751465, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "* Athens Olympic Velodrome – cycling (track)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.797586441040039, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "* Karaiskakis Stadium (Athens)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450531959533691, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athenai", "passage": "* Panathenaic Stadium – archery, athletics (marathons finish)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45350456237793, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Preparations to stage the Olympics led to a number of positive developments for the city's infrastructure. These improvements included the establishment of Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport, a modern new international airport serving as Greece's main aviation gateway; expansions to the Athens Metro system; the \"Tram\", a new metropolitan tram (light rail) system system; the \"Proastiakos\", a new suburban railway system linking the airport and suburban towns to the city of Athens; the \"Attiki Odos\", a new toll motorway encircling the city, and the conversion of streets into pedestrianized walkways in the historic center of Athens which link several of the city's main tourist sites, including the Parthenon and the Panathenaic Stadium (the site of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896). All of the above infrastructure is still in use to this day, and there have been continued expansions and proposals to expand Athens' metro, tram, suburban rail and motorway network, the airport, as well as further plans to pedestrianize more thoroughfares in the historic center of Athens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.574007987976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The table below delineates the current status of the Athens Olympic facilities:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.940247535705566, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "On 6 December 2012, the IOC stripped medals from four athletes caught doping at the 2004 Athens Olympics including one gold medalist and postponed a decision to revoke Lance Armstrong's bronze from the 2000 Sydney Games. The IOC also disqualified four athletes whose Athens doping samples were retested earlier in the year and came back positive, including shot put gold medalist Yuriy Bilonog of Ukraine. The others are hammer throw silver medalist Ivan Tskikhan of Belarus and two bronze medalists, women's shot putter Svetlana Krivelyova of Russia and discus thrower Irina Yatchenko of Belarus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.156881809234619, "source": "wiki", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Between 1862 and 1867, Liverpool held an annual Grand Olympic Festival. Devised by John Hulley and Charles Melly, these games were the first to be wholly amateur in nature and international in outlook, although only 'gentlemen amateurs' could compete. The programme of the first modern Olympiad in Athens in 1896 was almost identical to that of the Liverpool Olympics. In 1865 Hulley, Brookes and E.G. Ravenstein founded the National Olympian Association in Liverpool, a forerunner of the British Olympic Association. Its articles of foundation provided the framework for the International Olympic Charter. In 1866, a national Olympic Games in Great Britain was organized at London's Crystal Palace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.111725330352783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Greek interest in reviving the Olympic Games began with the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1821. It was first proposed by poet and newspaper editor Panagiotis Soutsos in his poem \"Dialogue of the Dead\", published in 1833. Evangelos Zappas, a wealthy Greek-Romanian philanthropist, first wrote to King Otto of Greece, in 1856, offering to fund a permanent revival of the Olympic Games. Zappas sponsored the first Olympic Games in 1859, which was held in an Athens city square. Athletes participated from Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Zappas funded the restoration of the ancient Panathenaic Stadium so that it could host all future Olympic Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.755343437194824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The stadium hosted Olympics in 1870 and 1875. Thirty thousand spectators attended that Games in 1870, though no official attendance records are available for the 1875 Games. In 1890, after attending the Olympian Games of the Wenlock Olympian Society, Baron Pierre de Coubertin was inspired to found the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Coubertin built on the ideas and work of Brookes and Zappas with the aim of establishing internationally rotating Olympic Games that would occur every four years. He presented these ideas during the first Olympic Congress of the newly created International Olympic Committee. This meeting was held from 16 to 23 June 1894, at the University of Paris. On the last day of the Congress, it was decided that the first Olympic Games to come under the auspices of the IOC would take place in Athens in 1896. The IOC elected the Greek writer Demetrius Vikelas as its first president.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.798370838165283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The first Games held under the auspices of the IOC was hosted in the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens in 1896. The Games brought together 14 nations and 241 athletes who competed in 43 events. Zappas and his cousin Konstantinos Zappas had left the Greek government a trust to fund future Olympic Games. This trust was used to help finance the 1896 Games. George Averoff contributed generously for the refurbishment of the stadium in preparation for the Games. The Greek government also provided funding, which was expected to be recouped through the sale of tickets and from the sale of the first Olympic commemorative stamp set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.724695682525635, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Greek officials and the public were enthusiastic about the experience of hosting an Olympic Games. This feeling was shared by many of the athletes, who even demanded that Athens be the permanent Olympic host city. The IOC intended for subsequent Games to be rotated to various host cities around the world. The second Olympics was held in Paris. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1566970348358154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "After the success of the 1896 Games, the Olympics entered a period of stagnation that threatened their survival. The Olympic Games held at the Paris Exposition in 1900 and the World's fair at St. Louis in 1904 were side shows. The Games in Paris did not have a stadium, but were notable for being the first time women took part in the Games. When the St. Louis Games were celebrated roughly 650 athletes participated, but 580 were from the United States. The homogeneous nature of these celebrations was a low point for the Olympic Movement. The Games rebounded when the 1906 Intercalated Games (so-called because they were the second Games held within the third Olympiad) were held in Athens. These Games were, but are not now, officially recognized by the IOC and no Intercalated Games have been held since. The Games attracted a broad international field of participants and generated great public interest. This marked the beginning of a rise in both the popularity and the size of the Olympics. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9233949184417725, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Olympics have been commercialized to various degrees since the initial 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, when a number of companies paid for advertizing, including Kodak. In 1908, Oxo, Odol mouthwash and Indian Foot Powder became official sponsors of the London Olympic Games. Coca Cola sponsored the 1928 Summer Olympics, and has subsequently remained a sponsor to the current time. Before the IOC took control of sponsorship, national organizing committees were responsible for negotiating their own contracts for sponsorship and the use of the Olympic symbols.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.485555410385132, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation. Greece is traditionally the first nation to enter in order to honor the origins of the Olympics. Nations then enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's chosen language, with the host country's athletes being the last to enter. During the 2004 Summer Olympics, which was hosted in Athens, Greece, the Greek flag entered the stadium first, while the Greek delegation entered last. Speeches are given, formally opening the Games. Finally, the Olympic torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches the final torch carrier, often a successful Olympic athlete from the host nation, who lights the Olympic flame in the stadium's cauldron.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2912018299102783, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Other notable examples include Kenyan runner Bernard Lagat, who became a United States citizen in May 2004. The Kenyan constitution requires that one renounce their Kenyan citizenship when they become a citizen of another nation. Lagat competed for Kenya in the 2004 Athens Olympics even though he had already become a United States citizen. According to Kenya, he was no longer a Kenyan citizen, jeopardizing his silver medal. Lagat said he started the citizenship process in late 2003 and did not expect to become an American citizen until after the Athens games. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.12314510345459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The athletes or teams who place first, second, or third in each event receive medals. The winners receive gold medals, which were solid gold until 1912, then made of gilded silver and now gold-plated silver. Every gold medal however must contain at least six grams of pure gold. The runners-up receive silver medals and the third-place athletes are awarded bronze medals. In events contested by a single-elimination tournament (most notably boxing), third place might not be determined and both semifinal losers receive bronze medals. At the 1896 Olympics only the first two received a medal; silver for first and bronze for second. The current three-medal format was introduced at the 1904 Olympics. From 1948 onward athletes placing fourth, fifth, and sixth have received certificates, which became officially known as victory diplomas; in 1984 victory diplomas for seventh- and eighth-place finishers were added. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the gold, silver, and bronze medal winners were also given olive wreaths. The IOC does not keep statistics of medals won, but National Olympic Committees and the media record medal statistics as a measure of success. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.673150062561035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Olympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The 1896 Games featured the first Olympic marathon, which followed the 25-mile route run by the Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. Fittingly, Greece's Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in the event. In 1924, the distance would be standardized to 26 miles and 385 yards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.415707111358643, "source": "search", "title": "The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. In the opening ceremony, King Georgios I and a crowd of 60,000 spectators welcomed 280 participants from 13 nations (all male), who would compete in 43 events, including track and field, gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, shooting and fencing. All subsequent Olympiads have been numbered even when no Games take place (as in 1916, during World War I , and in 1940 and 1944, during World War II ). The official symbol of the modern Games is five interlocking colored rings, representing the continents of North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia. The Olympic flag, featuring this symbol on a white background, flew for the first time at the Antwerp Games in 1920.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.437629222869873, "source": "search", "title": "The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "In the last round of voting, Athens defeated Rome, Italy, 66 votes to 41. Cape Town, South Africa; Stockholm, Sweden; and Buenos Aires, Argentina, the three other cities that made the IOC shortlist, were eliminated in prior rounds of voting. Six other cities submitted applications, but their bids were dropped by the IOC in 1996. These cities were: Istanbul, Turkey; Lille, France; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; San Juan, Puerto Rico, Seville, Spain ; and Saint Petersburg, Russia [1].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.389993667602539, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, concerns about terrorism were much higher. Greece increased the budget for security at the Olympics to €970 million (US$1.2 billion). Approximately 70,000 police officers patrolled Athens and the Olympic venues during the Olympics. NATO and the European Union also provided minor support, after Athens asked for co-operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.811686515808105, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "When the International Olympic Committee expressed its concern over the progress of construction work of the new Olympic venues, a new Organizing Committee was formed under President Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki. Athens was transformed into a city that uses state-of-the-art technology in transportation and urban development. Some of the most modern sporting venues in the world were built to host the 2004 Olympic Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3916478157043457, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "By late March 2004, some Olympic projects were still behind schedule, and Greek authorities announced that a roof would no longer be constructed over the main swimming venue. The main Olympic Stadium, the designated facility for the opening and closing ceremonies, was completed only two months before the games opened, with the sliding over of a futuristic glass roof designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava . Other facilities, such as the streetcar line linking the airport, the stadium and the city, were largely unfinished just two months before the games. The subsequent pace of preparation, however, made the rush to finish the Athens venues one of the tightest in Olympics history. The Greeks, unperturbed, maintained that they would make it all along. By August 2004, the Olympic Stadium was officially completed and opened, and the Athens Tram and Light Rail became operational. The upgrades to the Athens Ring Road were also delivered just in time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.36603179574012756, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "EMI released Unity, the official pop album of the Athens Olympics, in the leadup to the Olympics. It features contributions from Sting, Lenny Kravitz, Moby, Destiny's Child and Avril Lavigne. EMI has pledged to donate US$180,000 from the album to UNICEF's HIV/AIDS program in Sub-Saharan Africa. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216840744018555, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athina", "passage": "Since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France it has been the tradition to have a mascot for the games; for 2004, the official mascots were sister and brother, Athiná and Phévos (pronounced in Greek, Athina and Fivos), named after the goddess of wisdom, strategy and war and Phoebos the god of light and music, respectively. They were inspired by the ancient daidala which were dolls that had religious links as well as being toys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.343232154846191, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Opening Ceremony culminated in the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron by 1996 Gold Medalist Windsurfer Nikolaos Kaklamanakis . The gigantic cauldron, which was styled after the Athens 2004 Olympic Torch, pivoted down to be lit by the 35 year-old, before slowly swinging up and lifting the flame high above the stadium. Following this, the stadium found itself at the centre of a rousing fireworks spectacular.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.41834068298339844, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "After short speeches by Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, chief Greek organizer of the Games, and by President Dr. Jacques Rogge of the IOC, in which he describes the Athens Olympics as \"unforgettable, dream Games\", the national anthems of Greece and China were played in a handover ceremony as both nations' flags were raised. The Mayor of Athens, Dora Bakoyianni, passed the Olympic Flag to the Mayor of Beijing, Wang Qishan. After a short cultural performance by Chinese actors, dancers, and musicians directed by eminent Chinese director Zhang Yimou, Rogge declared the 2004 Olympic Games closed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.268379211425781, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics - mlahanas.de" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Dora Bakoyiannis was the mayor of Athens when Greece hosted the games of the 28th Olympiad in 2004. In a speech in Washington, D.C., she explained the historic and symbolic significance of the return of the Olympics to Greece:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.193762302398682, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "As you all know, Greece in general, and Athens in particular, has a number of unique historic and cultural advantages in staging the Olympics. After all, the games originated in Greece near[ly] 2,800 years ago, and were then revived again in Athens in 1896. As a result, visitors to Greece can still see the original ancient stadium of ancient Olympia, where the Olympics were first organized in 776 BCE.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.502697944641113, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The 2004 games not only sparked curiosity in the specific history of ancient Greece, but also impressed students more generally with the relevance of history as a discipline. The Athens Olympics presented such a valuable educational moment because they showed students how historical analysis can help us critically re-examine the world we live in today. The juxtaposition of the modern games against an ancient backdrop, the Athens Olympics still encourages us to reflect on the ways in which Greek civilization continues to reverberate (or not) through our contemporary world. Thus, the activities and prompts described in this Feature all revolve around this core question:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.336248397827148, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The official Athens 2004 mascots were a pair of brother and sister named Phevos and Athena. According to the International Olympic Committee website, “their creation was inspired by an ancient Greek doll and their names are linked to ancient Greece, yet the two siblings are children of modern times … Phevos and Athena represent the link between Greek history and the modern Olympic Games.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.793879508972168, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athenian", "passage": "Of course, the battle at Marathon remains significant not only in Olympic history, but in the history of warfare and military strategy. It is difficult for us to conceptualize how ancient wars were actually fought—what sort of tactical maneuvers won or lost campaigns. But EDSITEment has created a schematic animation that portrays the design and success of the Athenians’ battle strategy at Marathon. After showing this animation to your students, have them read about the Athenian strategy in a summary of The Histories, a text by the Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the fifth century BCE. If desired, you can explore Herodotus’ text using the following discussion questions:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05930233001709, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athenian", "passage": "What was the source of the Persians’ advantage at Marathon? What advantages did the Athenians enjoy?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.545672416687012, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "What does the commentary on the text say about the legend of the run from Marathon to Athens? What does Herodotus’ text say about the run?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.569405555725098, "source": "search", "title": "When the Games Were Held at Olympia | EDSITEment" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Started in the year 1896 in Athens. IOC organizes the olympics. With 7 months to go for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics, the 2nd phase ticket application period will end on Dec 30.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7754723429679871, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Athens 2004 Olympics – Torch Relay", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.99664831161499, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Olympic flame has always been symbolic of the Olympic ideals of noble competition, friendship and peaceful coexistence. The Olympic torch is first lit in Ancient Olympia and then passed on to the stadium of the city hosting the Opening Ceremony of the Games. The Athens 2004 Olympics torch relay will be the first to travel the globe and return to the country that gave us the Olympics Games. The journey of the Athens 2004 Olympics flame will cover a distance of about 78, 000 km. The flame will pass the hands of about 3,600 torchbearers and will provide an opportunity for nearly 260 million people to view it in their own cities. For the first time, the Athens 2004 Olympics flame will travel to Africa and Latin America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.495186686515808, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The torch for the Athens 2004 Olympics has been inspired from an olive leaf and was chosen to enhance the Flame with its upward dynamic shape. The Olive tree is a powerful tree in the Mediterranean regions and has been held sacred for thousands of years. Since the olive branch is the global symbol of peace and freedom, it is a fitting choice for the Athens 2004 Olympics torch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.435934066772461, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Athens Olympics Mascot", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290742874145508, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The bell-shaped cartoons Phevos and Athena have been selected as the Athens Olympics mascots. The Athens Olympics mascots were inspired by two Greek Gods. They represent two children of today – a brother and sister. Phevos represents the God of light and music also known as Apollo while Athena is the Goddess of wisdom and is the patron of Athens. The Olympics mascots were created to symbolize a bond between Greek history and modern Olympic games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.555496215820312, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The Modern Olympics can be traced to the religious festival held in dedication of Zeus, the supreme Greek God. Olympia in Greece was the symbolic site where the ancient games were held. These ancient games were then revived due to the efforts of the French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The first Modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896 where 14 nations sent nearly 250 athletes to compete in the ancient Panathenaic Stadium. Greece led the medals tally with 47 medals. The Modern Olympics were seen as an instrument to promote understanding and friendship among nations and uphold the true spirit of sportsmanship. Participants from all over the world live in an Olympic village at the site of the games. The Olympic games are organized and developed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC chooses the venue of each Modern Olympics and the games that are to be held.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.823962211608887, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "Modern Olympics include track and field athletics that comprise decathlon and heptathlon. Other games and sports like archery, badminton, baseball, softball, canoeing and kayaking have also been added to the list. Modern Olympics are now open to professionals as well as amateurs. Modern Olympics have seen many an instance where intense rivalry between nations has sometimes threatened the foundations as well as the very survival of the games. Nations assign political significance to the sporting feats of their teams resulting in antagonism. Modern Olympics have also been besieged with the problem of athletes resorting to illegal competitive advantages through the use of performance enhancing drugs. Gross commercialization in the form of licensing of the games to television networks is also part of the Modern Olympics scenario. But the spirit of the Modern Olympics has survived political boycotts and threats of modern terrorism. The Panathinaic marble stadium where the first Modern Olympics took place is being refurbished to stage the biggest sporting event in recent times – Summer Olympics 2004 at Athens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.910584926605225, "source": "search", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics : Modern Olympics, Paralympic Games" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "After the initial success, the Olympics struggled. The celebrations in Paris (1900) and St. Louis (1904) were overshadowed by the World's Fair exhibitions in which they were included. The 1906 Intercalated Games (so-called because of their off-year status, as 1906 is not divisible by four) were held in Athens, as the first of an alternating series of Athens-held Olympics. Although originally the IOC recognised and supported these games, they are currently not recognised by the IOC as Olympic Games, which has given rise to the explanation that they were intended to mark the 10th anniversary of the modern Olympics. The 1906 Games again attracted a broad international field of participants—in 1904, 80% had been American—and great public interest, thereby marking the beginning of a rise in popularity and size of the Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8644843101501465, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Athens", "passage": "The athletes (or teams) who place first, second, or third in each event receive medals. The winners receive \"gold medals\". (Though they were solid gold until 1912, they are now made of gilded silver.) The runners-up receive silver medals, and the third-place athletes bronze medals. In some events contested by a single-elimination tournament (most notably boxing ), third place might not be determined, in which case both semi-final losers receive bronze medals. The practice of awarding medals to the top three competitors was introduced in 1904; at the 1896 Olympics only the first two received a medal, silver and bronze, while various prizes were awarded in 1900 . However, the 1904 Olympics also awarded silver trophies for first place, which makes Athens 1906 the first games that awarded the three medals only. In addition, from 1948 onward athletes placing fourth, fifth and sixth have received certificates which became officially known as \"victory diplomas;\" since 1976 the medal winners have received these also, and in 1984 victory diplomas for seventh- and eighth-place finishers were added, presumably to ensure that all losing quarter-finalists in events using single-elimination formats would receive diplomas, thus obviating the need for consolation (or officially, \"classification\") matches to determine fifth through eighth places (though interestingly these latter are still contested in many elimination events anyway). Certificates were awarded also at the 1896 Olympics, but there they were awarded in addition to the medals to first and second place. Commemorative medals and diplomas — which differ in design from those referred to above — are also made available to participants finishing lower than third and eighth respectively. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the first three were given wreaths as well as their medals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.394306659698486, "source": "search", "title": "Olympic Games - Olympics Wiki - Wikia" } ]

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[ { "answer": "A wooden cross", "passage": "appointed beforehand, before even time began; God’s eternal purpose was to provide salvation of your soul. Peter says, “so that at the end of time”—the last days (a time it seems in which we now live) God’s redemption through Christ was for all who would believe. It is in His resurrection that we have our faith and hope. We should never lose our awareness of the high cost of our salvation and as we acknowledge it, it should motivate and move us to live as the redeemed. Arthur Blessitt physically walked a wooden cross around the world; it took him 40 years. He was beaten, put in prison and suffered many hardships.", "precise_score": -0.30029791593551636, "rough_score": -5.135180950164795, "source": "search", "title": "A Word From God by Becky Oswald pdf by Marilyn Orton - issuu" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": "A four-generation family saga�featuring one of the world�s sexiest movie stars�would usually signal a fluffy beach read, but the story of the Brynner patriarchs is too historically complex and fascinating to fall into that genre. Great-grandson Rock Brynner opens by introducing Swiss-born Jules, who started in the import-export business out of Shanghai and then Yokohama, before establishing himself in Vladivostok in the 1870s. Jules took advantage of the city�s Wild West character and the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad to expand from shipping into mining and forestry, and created an extraordinary commercial empire. It was Jules�s son Boris who had to negotiate the socialization of the family businesses in the newly created Soviet Union. Boris�s �migr� son Yul learned show business in France before turning his much-touted Genghis Khan genes�and his Russian method acting�into American box office gold. Yul�s American son Rock concludes the volume with his own adventures in the counterculture before becoming an academic. The odyssey comes full circle in 2003 when the city of Vladivostok invites Rock to come and celebrate as a native son. An enthralling family chronicle, the Brynner perspective on Far East Russian history should be important for Pacific Rim historians as well. 165 Photos.", "precise_score": 1.4128174781799316, "rough_score": 3.884310483932495, "source": "search", "title": "Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East" }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": "Starred Review. A four-generation family saga—featuring one of the world's sexiest movie stars—would usually signal a fluffy beach read, but the story of the Brynner patriarchs is too historically complex and fascinating to fall into that genre. Great-grandson Rock Brynner opens by introducing Swiss-born Jules, who started in the import-export business out of Shanghai and then Yokohama, before establishing himself in Vladivostok in the 1870s. Jules took advantage of the city's Wild West character and the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad to expand from shipping into mining and forestry, and created an extraordinary commercial empire. It was Jules's son Boris who had to negotiate the socialization of the family businesses in the newly created Soviet Union. Boris's émigré son Yul learned show business in France before turning his much-touted Genghis Khan genes—and his Russian method acting—into American box office gold. Yul's American son Rock concludes the volume with his own adventures in the counterculture before becoming an academic. The odyssey comes full circle in 2003 when the city of Vladivostok invites Rock to come and celebrate as a native son. An enthralling family chronicle, the Brynner perspective on Far East Russian history should be important for Pacific Rim historians as well. Photos. (Apr.)Look for PW's upcoming q&a with Rock Brynner.", "precise_score": 1.9977445602416992, "rough_score": 2.1460752487182617, "source": "search", "title": "Empire and Odyssey: The Brynners in Far East Russia and ..." }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": ". . . with a formal event at the historic Vladivostok train station, last stop of the Trans-Siberian Express.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.440324783325195, "source": "search", "title": "Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East" }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": "This view of the statue will greet every visitor arriving from Moscow on the Trans-Siberian -- the longest railroad in the world -- on their way to the city center. The house built by my great-grandfather is just a block from the railway station where Jules Bryner helped Tsar Nicholas II lay the corner-stone in 1891. The wall above the street is currently being re-faced in granite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.947660446166992, "source": "search", "title": "Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East" }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": ". . . after we flew from New York to Seoul and (skirting North Korea) landed in Vladivostok, the last stop on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, six thousand miles from Moscow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22635555267334, "source": "search", "title": "Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East" }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": "Vladivostok Station Last stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.575505256652832, "source": "search", "title": "Yul Brynner Statue - Rock Brynner in the Russian Far East" }, { "answer": "Siberia", "passage": "World’s Largest Diamond Mine: The Mirny Diamond Mine in Siberia may be one of the scariest mines in the world. It is over a thousand feet deep and thousands of feet wide. It is so large it actually creates its own local weather patterns and the space above it has had to be designated a no-fly zone for helicopters (after this problem was identified the hard way). Gigantic trucks (like the small dot pointed to above) can haul over 200 tons of material out of the mine at a time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438725471496582, "source": "search", "title": "for the Russian part of me on Pinterest | Russia, Yul ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "32", "passage": "By the time she was 24, Karen Carpenter was already famous, having released more than a dozen hit records with her brother, Richard, including \"Close to You,\" \"We've Only Just Begun,\" \"Rainy Days and Mondays,\" \"Superstar\" and \"Top of the World.\" Less than 10 years later, she'd be gone, the victim of heart failure brought on by anorexia nervosa. Karen Carpenter died 30 years ago Monday at age 32, and her legacy as one-half of the singing duo The Carpenters is a source of some disagreement.", "precise_score": 8.239385604858398, "rough_score": 8.281049728393555, "source": "search", "title": "Remembering Karen Carpenter, 30 Years Later : NPR" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "Karen Carpenter died 33 years ago on 1983-02-04. She was only 32 years old.", "precise_score": 10.112499237060547, "rough_score": 10.063190460205078, "source": "search", "title": "Dead or alive? How old was Karen Carpenter when she died" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "Nine months ago singer Karen Carpenter fell victim to heart failure after an eight-year battle with anorexia nervosa. She seemed to be on the verge of recovery when she died at the age of 32. After spending almost all of 1982 undergoing treatment for the eating disorder, the 5’4½” Carpenter had managed to pump her weight from a frail 80 pounds to a nearly normal 110.", "precise_score": 9.013652801513672, "rough_score": 8.270349502563477, "source": "search", "title": "A Brother Remembers : People.com" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "Carpenter suffered from anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder that was little known at the time. She died at age 32 from heart failure caused by complications related to her illness.VH1, Behind the Music: Carpenters (1998). Carpenter's death led to increased visibility and awareness of eating disorders. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.81263542175293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Karen Carpenter" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "Shortly afterward, she and brother Richard were back in the recording studio, where they recorded their hit single \"Touch Me When We're Dancing\". However, Karen was unable to shake her depression as well as her eating disorder, and after realizing she needed help, she spent most of 1982 in New York City undergoing treatment. By 1983, Karen was starting to take control of her life and planning to return to the recording studio and to make public appearances again. In February of 1983, she went to her parents' house to sort through some old clothes she kept there when she collapsed in a walk-in closet from cardiac arrest. She was only 32. Doctors revealed that her long battle with anorexia nervosa had stressed her heart to the breaking point.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9314308166503906, "source": "search", "title": "Karen Carpenter - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD - SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.036232903599739075, "source": "search", "title": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD - SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER ..." }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.338414669036865, "source": "search", "title": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD - SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER ..." }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD; SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5162015557289124, "source": "search", "title": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD - SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER ..." }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "The pop singer Karen Carpenter, who with her brother Richard sold more than 30 million records as the Carpenters, died Friday of cardiac arrest at Downey Community Hospital in Downey, Calif. The 32-year-old singer was found unconscious by her mother, Agnes Carpenter, at her parents' home in Downey, a suburb of Los Angeles, and was taken to the hospital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.24981689453125, "source": "search", "title": "KAREN CARPENTER, 32, IS DEAD - SINGER TEAMED WITH BROTHER ..." }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "Feb. 4, 1983: Musician Karen Carpenter dies at 32 from health complications related to anorexia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.20131778717041, "source": "search", "title": "Karen Carpenter: How Did She Die? - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "The lead singer of The Carpenters, the Grammy-winning band she’d formed with her brother, died on this day, Feb. 4, in 1983, of heart failure related to her years-long struggle with anorexia. She was 32. In her TIME obituary, the magazine called her the “dulcet-voiced singing half, opposite her pianist-arranger brother Richard, of the squeaky-clean Carpenters.” By that point, the duo—having released their first album in 1969—had sold 80 million records and won three Grammy Awards for hits like “Close to You,” “We’ve Only Just Begun” and “Rainy Days and Mondays.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5019344091415405, "source": "search", "title": "Karen Carpenter: How Did She Die? - TIME.com" }, { "answer": "32", "passage": "In pictures printed in Rolling Stone magazine in late 1974, when the Carpenters were one of the most successful acts in all of pop music, Karen looks fit and healthy. Yet by mid-1975, the Carpenters were forced to cancel tours of Japan and Europe after Karen collapsed on stage in Las Vegas. Her weight had plummeted to only 90 lbs., and though it would rebound somewhat after a brief hospitalization, the next seven years were a repeating cycle of dramatic weight loss, collapse and then hospitalization. The name of Karen’s condition was virtually unknown to the public at this time, but all that was about to change. Early on the morning of February 4, 1983, while staying in her parents home in Downey, Karen suffered a deadly heart attack, brought on by the physiological stresses placed on her system by the disease whose name soon entered the public consciousness: anorexia nervosa. She was only 32 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.2674560546875, "source": "search", "title": "Karen Carpenter dies of anorexia - Feb 04, 1983 - History.com" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Fighting well", "passage": "The first-ever modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896. The founder of the International Olympic Committee Baron Pierre de Coubertin once said “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part, the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.”", "precise_score": 7.753913402557373, "rough_score": 7.387968063354492, "source": "search", "title": "Controversy within the Olympics | The MediaPlex" }, { "answer": "Fighting well", "passage": "But are we, as nations, fighting well? Being fair to all athletes? Controversy in the Olympics dates to the early 20th century. In 1916 the Summer Olympics were scheduled to be in Berlin but because of the outbreak of World War 1 they were cancelled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.368247985839844, "source": "search", "title": "Controversy within the Olympics | The MediaPlex" }, { "answer": "Fighting well", "passage": "“The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part; the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well” – Baron Pierre de Coubertin, International Olympic Committee founder and father of the modern Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.324449062347412, "source": "search", "title": "Eric Moussambani’s solo race in the 2000 Olympics" }, { "answer": "Fighting well", "passage": "The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part. The essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9315104484558105, "source": "search", "title": "Rio 2016: Where does India stand? | debooWORKS" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who had Norwegian heritage. His uncle called him \"Sparky\" after the horse Spark Plug in Billy DeBeck's comic strip, Barney Google. ", "precise_score": 7.418052673339844, "rough_score": 5.142188549041748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles M. Schulz was born on November 26, 1922 in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA as Charles Monroe Schulz. He was a writer and producer, known for A Charlie Brown Christmas (1965), The Peanuts Movie (2015) and Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!) (1980). He was married to Jeannie Forsyth and Joyce Halverson. He died on February 12, 2000 in Santa Rosa, California, USA.", "precise_score": 8.921307563781738, "rough_score": 9.083206176757812, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Schulz, born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 26, 1922, launched his comic strip Peanuts in 1950. Featuring hero Charlie Brown, over the years the strip would run in more than 2,000 newspapers and in many languages. Peanuts also expanded into TV specials like the Emmy-winning A Charlie Brown Christmas, as well as books and a huge merchandise collection. Schulz died on February 12, 2000.", "precise_score": 7.65595006942749, "rough_score": 7.496048927307129, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz - Illustrator, Writer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Monroe Schulz was born on November 26, 1922, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The only child of dad Carl, a German immigrant and barber, and mom Dena, a waitress turned homemaker, Schulz spent most of his childhood in the Twin Cities, outside of a two-year stint in Needles, California, after the onset of the Great Depression.", "precise_score": 9.185077667236328, "rough_score": 8.598628044128418, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz - Illustrator, Writer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Monroe Schulz was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 26, 1922, the son of Carl and Dena Halverson Schulz. His father was a barber. Charles loved to read the comics section of the newspaper with his father and was given the nickname \"Sparky\" after Sparkplug, the horse in the Barney Google comic strip. He began to draw pictures of his favorite cartoon characters at age six. At school in St. Paul, Minnesota, he was bright and allowed to skip two grades, which made him often the smallest in his class. Noting his interest in drawing, his mother encouraged him to take a correspondence course (in which lessons and exercises are mailed to students and then returned when completed) from Art Instruction, Inc., in Minneapolis after he graduated from high school.", "precise_score": 8.007974624633789, "rough_score": 7.886760234832764, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Monroe Schulz was born at home at 919 Chicago Avenue South, #2, Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Dena Bertina (nee Halverson) Schulz and Carl Fredrich Augustus Schulz.", "precise_score": 8.154913902282715, "rough_score": 8.62159538269043, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "After meeting through mutual friends at Art Instruction Schools and dating for several months, Charles Schulz married Joyce Steele Halverson of Minneapolis. They honeymooned in Colorado Springs, Colorado and lived with Carl Schulz and his fiancé, Annabelle, on Edgerton Street in St. Paul. Before long, Charles Schulz adopted Joyce’s one year old daughter Meredith, her child from a previous marriage, born February 5, 1950. Carl married Annabelle Anderson shortly after Charles and Joyce’s wedding.", "precise_score": 3.7679619789123535, "rough_score": 6.271907806396484, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Monroe “Monte” Schulz was born in Colorado Springs, bringing the young and quickly growing Schulz family to a total of four members. The following month, a little less than a year after moving to Colorado, the Schulz family packed their belongings and moved back to Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "precise_score": 8.167276382446289, "rough_score": 8.166918754577637, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "As Peanuts grew in popularity, the Schulz family also grew. A second son, Craig Frederick Schulz, was born in Minneapolis and brought the total children in the family now to one girl and two boys. Just as Charles Schulz needed an office away from home in Colorado Springs, he also needed one back in the Twin Cities. His former employers at the Art Instruction Schools offered him use of their penthouse office at the bureau of Engravers Building and Schulz happily accepted the offer. It not only allowed him the space to be able to focus on his art and meet his deadlines, he could easily also meet up with his former colleagues at Art Instruction for lunch, conversation, or a round of billiards.", "precise_score": 4.508896350860596, "rough_score": 6.000060558319092, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Land of 10,000 Lakes", "passage": "By the spring of 1958, the Schulz family unit was complete with the birth of Jill Marie on April 20. Jill joined her siblings, listed eldest to youngest: Meredith, Monte, Craig, and Amy. Charles and Joyce Schulz had already started planning a move to California, traveling out west to view homes in early 1958. They viewed several properties around the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, but weren’t sure exactly what town they’d end up in. Just as they were about to leave the “Golden State” to return home to the “Land of 10,000 Lakes” the Schulzes were taken to Sonoma County to view a 28-acre property in Sebastopol that would soon become their home for nearly 15 years, Coffee Grounds. MORE >", "precise_score": 4.658526420593262, "rough_score": 5.163334369659424, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "In 1951, Schulz moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado. In April the same year, Schulz married Joyce Halverson. His son, Monte, was born the following year, with their three further children being born later, in Minnesota. He painted a wall in that home for his adopted daughter Meredith Hodges, featuring Patty, Charlie Brown, and Snoopy. The wall was removed in 2001 and donated to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in Santa Rosa, California.", "precise_score": 6.959825038909912, "rough_score": 7.62742805480957, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minn.", "passage": "Schulz loved drawing and sometimes drew his family dog, Spike, who ate unusual things, such as pins and tacks. In 1937, Schulz drew a picture of Spike and sent it to Ripley's Believe It or Not!; his drawing appeared in Robert Ripley's syndicated panel, captioned, \"A hunting dog that eats pins, tacks, and razor blades is owned by C. F. Schulz, St. Paul, Minn.\" and \"Drawn by 'Sparky'\" (C.F. was his father, Carl Fred Schulz). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6737141609191895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "After being discharged in late 1945, Schulz returned to Minneapolis. He did lettering for a Roman Catholic comic magazine, Timeless Topix, and then, in July 1946, took a job at Art Instruction, Inc., reviewing and grading lessons submitted by students. Schulz himself had been a student of the school, taking a correspondence course from it before he was drafted. He worked at the school for a number of years while he developed his career as a comic creator, until he was making enough money from comics to be able to do that full-time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.223145961761475, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "* References to Snoopy's brother Spike living outside of Needles, California, were likely influenced by the few years (1928–1930) that the Schulz family lived there; they had moved to Needles to join other family members who had relocated from Minnesota to tend to an ill cousin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.378913402557373, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "In April 1951, Schulz married Joyce Halverson (no relation to Schulz's mother Dena Halverson Schulz). Later in the same year, Schulz and Joyce moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado. Their first child, a son named Monte, was born in February 1952, and three further children were born later, in Minnesota. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.397610664367676, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "Schulz and his family returned to Minneapolis and stayed until 1958. They then moved to Sebastopol, California, where Schulz built his first studio. (Until then, he'd worked at home or in a small rented office room.) It was here that Schulz was interviewed for the unaired television documentary A Boy Named Charlie Brown. Some of the footage was eventually used in a later documentary, Charlie Brown and Charles Schulz. Schulz's father died while visiting him in 1966, the same year Schulz's Sebastopol studio burned down. By 1969, Schulz had moved to Santa Rosa, California, where he lived and worked until his death. While briefly living in Colorado Springs, Schulz painted a mural on the bedroom wall of his adopted daughter Meredith Hodges, featuring Patty with a balloon, Charlie Brown jumping over a candlestick, and Snoopy playing on all fours. The wall was removed in 2001, donated and relocated to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in Santa Rosa, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.459489107131958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "When the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota opened in 1992, the amusement park in the center of the mall was themed around Schulz's Peanuts characters, until the mall lost the rights to use the brand, in 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.571163654327393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Peanuts on Parade has been St. Paul, Minnesota’s tribute to its favorite native cartoonist. It began in 2000 with the placing of 101 5 ft statues of Snoopy throughout the city of St. Paul. Every summer for the following four years, statues of a different Peanuts character were placed on the sidewalks of St. Paul. In 2001, there was Charlie Brown Around Town, 2002 brought Looking for Lucy, in 2003 along came Linus Blankets St. Paul, ending in 2004 with Snoopy lying on his doghouse. The statues were auctioned off at the end of each summer, so some remain around the city, but others have been relocated. The auction proceeds were used for artist's scholarships and for permanent, bronze statues of the Peanuts characters. These bronze statues are in Landmark Plaza and Rice Park in downtown St. Paul.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419220924377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "The poetry of Schulz’s life began two days after he was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 26, 1922, when an uncle nicknamed him “Sparky” after the horse Spark Plug from the Barney Google comic strip.  Sparky’s father, Carl, was of German heritage and his mother, Dena, came from a large Norwegian family; the family made their home in St. Paul, where Carl worked as a barber.  Throughout his youth, father and son shared a Sunday morning ritual reading the funnies; Sparky was fascinated with strips like Skippy, Mickey Mouse, and Popeye.  In his deepest desires, he always knew he wanted to be a cartoonist, and seeing the 1937 publication of his drawing of Spike, the family dog, in the nationally-syndicated Ripley’s Believe it or Not newspaper feature was a proud moment in the young teen’s life.  He took his artistic studies to a new level when, as a senior in high school and with the encouragement of his mother, he completed a correspondence cartoon course with the Federal School of Applied Cartooning (now Art Instruction Schools).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.346469521522522, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz Biography - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Was the only child of Carl and Dena Schulz of St. Paul, Minnesota. His father owned a barbershop in St. Paul. His mother died of cancer in 1943.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.408710479736328, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Attended Richards Gordon Elementary School and St. Paul Central High School. Later, he enrolled in an extension class for cartooning with the University of Minnesota.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426856994628906, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "In honor of his love of hockey, the board of supervisors in Ramsey County, Minnesota voted to change the name of the Highland Park Ice Arena in Saint Paul to the \"Charles M. Schulz - Highland Arena\" in 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5172806978225708, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "Late in his senior year at St. Paul’s Central High School, Schulz enrolled in a correspondence course at the Federal School of Applied Cartooning in Minneapolis. He worked odd jobs as he began submitting his cartoons to publications, but his career plans were halted when he was drafted into the U.S. Army in the fall of 1942. Shortly after he left for basic training, his mom passed away at age 50 from cervical cancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.924556732177734, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz - Illustrator, Writer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Peanuts earned Schulz the Reuben Award for Outstanding Cartoonist of the Year in 1955 (and again in 1964), and soon developed an appeal that transcended the boundaries of the funny pages. Exhibits of Peanuts originals were displayed at the Rhode Island School of Design and the University of Minnesota, and Schulz was honored by Yale University as its Humorist of the Year. By 1960, Charlie Brown, Snoopy and the crew were being featured in Hallmark greeting cards and advertisements for Ford automobiles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.855996608734131, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz - Illustrator, Writer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "During World War II (1939–45; a war fought between the Axis: Italy, Japan, and Germany—and the Allies: France, England, the Soviet Union, and the United States), Schulz was drafted into the army and sent to Europe, rising to the rank of sergeant. After the war he returned to Minnesota as a young man with strong Christian beliefs. For a while he worked part-time for a Catholic magazine and taught for Art Instruction, Inc. Some of", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.832947850227356, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles lived in 1880, at address , Minnesota.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.941281318664551, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Shulz - Historical records and family trees ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles lived in 1880, at address , Minnesota.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.941281318664551, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Shulz - Historical records and family trees ..." }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "Charles Shulz was born circa 1891, at birth place , Illinois, to Gustav Shulz and Minnie Shulz.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.621646881103516, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Shulz - Historical records and family trees ..." }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "“It all started, of course, with a childhood memory of being unable to resist the temptation to pull away the football at the kickoff.  We all did it, we all fell for it.  In fact, I was told by a professional football player that he actually saw it happen in a college game at the University of Minnesota.  The Gophers were leading by a good margin, everyone was enjoying himself, and the man holding the football, like the kids in the neighborhood, could not resist the temptation to pull it away.  I wish I had been there to see it.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463663101196289, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "The Schulz family moved from Minneapolis to a rented apartment at 1662 James Avenue in St. Paul, which was much closer to Carl’s business, The Family Barbershop. The barbershop, located at the corner of Selby Avenue and Snelling Avenue, was a place that Charles Schulz spent a great deal of time while growing up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.0682622566819191, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "After a little over a year in Needles, the Schulz family drove back across the country to Minnesota to resume life in the Twin Cities. Charles Schulz was enrolled in Richards Gordon Elementary School on Dayton Avenue in St. Paul and he attended this school through grade 8. The Schulz family lived across the street from the school at the Mayfair Apartments and Carl Schulz re-established The Family Barbershop at its location a few blocks away on the corner of Selby and Snelling Avenues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.403442859649658, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "“When I was growing up, the three main forms of entertainment were the Saturday afternoon serials at the movie houses, the late afternoon radio programs and the comic strips. My dad was always a great comic strip reader, and he and I made sure that all four newspapers published in Minneapolis – St. Paul were brought home. I grew up with only one real career desire in life, and that was to someday draw my own comic strip.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.509995460510254, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "“I am really a comic strip fanatic and always have been. When I was growing up in St. Paul, Minnesota, we subscribed to both local newspapers and always made sure that we went to the drugstore on Saturday night to buy the Minneapolis Sunday papers so that we would be able to read every comic published in the area. At that time, I was a great fan of Buck Rogers, Popeye, and Skippy.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518451690673828, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "During his junior year in high school, Charles Schulz’s teacher, Minnette Paro, assigned the class the task of “drawing anything you can think of, in sets of three on one sheet of paper.” The “Drawing of Threes” that Schulz created that day is particularly interesting because it is clear that Charles Schulz was keenly aware of domestic and world events at the time. MORE >", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1921906471252441, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "It was during his senior year at Central High School when Charles Schulz’s mother, Dena, showed him an advertisement which asked, “Do you like to draw?” The ad was for Federal Schools, now known as Art Instruction Schools, Inc., a correspondence school that was a division of the Bureau of Engraving in Minneapolis. Schulz’s parents enrolled him in the correspondence program that spring. Schulz later cited choosing the Federal Schools over other resident art schools in the Twin Cities area as due to the fact that, “it was this correspondence course’s emphasis upon cartooning that won me.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.11244407296180725, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "Within days of leaving for induction into the army at Fort Snelling in Minneapolis, Schulz’s mother, Dena, died at the age of 50. Dena had been ill for several years at this point, and likely succumbed to cervical cancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.911268711090088, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "While at Camp Campbell, Schulz became friends with many of his fellow soldiers from Minnesota as well as Elmer Hagemeyer, a police officer from St. Louis, Missouri. Hagemeyer served as staff sergeant and leader of a mortar squad in the Twentieth Armored Infantry Division.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.75297212600708, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "On October 2, 1950, the first Peanuts comic strip debuted in a four-panel format in seven newspapers nationwide – The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, The Minneapolis Star-Tribune, The Allentown Call-Chronicle, The Bethlehem Globe-Times, The Denver Post, and The Seattle Times. Schulz was paid $90 for his first month of strips, which consisted of a six day per week, Monday through Saturday, format until 1952.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8068413734436035, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "After they moved back to Minnesota from Colorado, the Schulz family lived in a simple ranch home at 5521 Oliver St. South in Minneapolis for about six months. With another child on the way, the Schulzes moved again to a larger home a few miles away, located at 6228 Wentworth Ave. South in the Richfield area of Minneapolis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9975433349609375, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "With the success of five years of Peanuts strips behind him and a new five-year contract between Charles Schulz and United Feature Syndicate solidified, the Schulz family purchased an impressive home at 112 West Minnehaha Parkway in the desirable Tangletown neighborhood of Minneapolis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4006123542785645, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Schulz’s alma mater, Central High in St. Paul, Minnesota, honors him by including him in the school’s “Hall of Fame.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.572400093078613, "source": "search", "title": "Timeline Archive - Charles M. Schulz Museum" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Nov 26 1922 - Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, United States", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.872386932373047, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Nov 26 1922 - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261466979980469, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Nov 26 1922 - Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, United States", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.872386932373047, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who was Norwegian. His uncle called him \"Sparky\" after the horse Spark Plug in Billy DeBeck's comic strip, Barney Google.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.0667724609375, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minn.", "passage": "Schulz loved drawing and sometimes drew his family dog, Spike, who ate unusual things, such as pins and tacks. Schulz drew a picture of Spike and sent it to Ripley's Believe It or Not!; his drawing appeared in Robert Ripley's syndicated panel, captioned, \"A hunting dog that eats pins, tacks and razor blades is owned by C. F. Schulz, St. Paul, Minn.\" and \"Drawn by 'Sparky'\" (C.F. was his father, Carl Fred Schulz.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8619513511657715, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "After being discharged in late 1945, Schulz returned to Minneapolis. He did lettering for a Roman Catholic comic magazine, Timeless Topix, and then, in July 1946, took a job at Art Instruction, Inc., reviewing and grading lessons submitted by students.[8]:164 Schulz himself had been a student of the school, taking a correspondence course from it before he was drafted. He worked at the school for a number of years while he developed his career as a comic creator, until he was making enough money from comics to be able to do that full time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7399468421936035, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "References to Snoopy's brother Spike living outside of Needles, California were likely influenced by the few years (1928–1930) that the Schulz family lived there; they had moved to Needles to join other family members who had relocated from Minnesota to tend to an ill cousin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7248446941375732, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minn", "passage": "Schulz and his family returned to Minneapolis and stayed until 1958. They then moved to Sebastopol, California, where Schulz built his first studio. It was here that Schulz was interviewed for the unaired television documentary A Boy Named Charlie Brown. Some of the footage was eventually used in a later documentary, Charlie Brown and Charles Schulz. Schulz's father died while visiting him in 1966, the same year his Sebastopol studio burned down. By 1969, Schulz had moved to Santa Rosa, California, where he lived and worked until his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6876699328422546, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "When the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota opened in 1992, the Amusement Park in the center of the Mall was themed around Schulz' \"Peanuts\" characters, until the Mall lost the rights to use the branding in 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7463202476501465, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Peanuts on Parade has been St. Paul, Minnesota’s tribute to its favorite native cartoonist. It began in 2000 with the placing of 101 5-foot-tall (1.5 m) statues of Snoopy throughout the city of St. Paul. Every summer for the next four years, statues of a different Peanuts character were placed on the sidewalks of St. Paul. In 2001, there was Charlie Brown Around Town, 2002 brought Looking for Lucy, then in 2003 along came Linus Blankets St. Paul, ending in 2004 with Snoopy lying on his doghouse. The statues were auctioned off at the end of each summer, so some remain around the city, but others have been relocated. The auction proceeds were used for artists' scholarships and for permanent, bronze statues of the Peanuts characters. These bronze statues are in Landmark Plaza and Rice Park in downtown St. Paul. Santa Rosa, CA celebrated the 60th anniversary of the strip in 2005 by continuing the Peanuts on Parade tradition beginning with It's Your Town Charlie Brown (2005), Summer of Woodstock (2006), Snoopys Joe Cool Summer (2007) & Look Out For Lucy (2008)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378798484802246, "source": "search", "title": "Charles M. Schulz - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Birthplace: Minneapolis, Minnesota", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433449745178223, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz Biography (Cartoonist) - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Minnesota", "passage": "Charles Schulz created and drew the long-running comic strip Peanuts. By all accounts a shy child while growing up in Minnesota, Schulz took a correspondence art course, served in the U.S. Army during WWII, and then doggedly pursued a career as a cartoonist. His Minneapolis comic panel Li'l Folks was renamed Peanuts and syndicated nationwide in 1950. By the mid-1960s it had become one of the best-known cartoon strips in the world. Schulz's characters, including the wishy-washy Charlie Brown and his fantastical dog Snoopy , also starred in a popular series of holiday TV specials and in the stage show You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown. Late in 1999 Schulz announced he had colon cancer and would retire after nearly 50 years of drawing Peanuts. He died on February 12, 2000, one day before his final Sunday strip appeared. Schulz did not pass the strip to another artist, but many newspapers continue to publish daily reruns of Schulz's past Peanuts strips.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.670477032661438, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Schulz Biography (Cartoonist) - Infoplease" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "WH Davies", "Wh davies", "W H Davies", "William H. Davies", "W.H. Davies", "W. H. Davies" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "wh davies", "william h davies", "w h davies" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "w h davies", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "W H Davies" }

[ { "answer": "W H Davies", "passage": "W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem animation - YouTube", "precise_score": 2.877351999282837, "rough_score": 5.119762420654297, "source": "search", "title": "W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem ..." }, { "answer": "W H Davies", "passage": "W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem animation", "precise_score": 3.100154161453247, "rough_score": 5.74191951751709, "source": "search", "title": "W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem ..." }, { "answer": "W. H. Davies", "passage": "\"Leisure\" is a poem by Welsh poet W. H. Davies, appearing originally in his Songs Of Joy and Others, published in 1911 by A. C. Fifield and then in Davies' first anthology Collected Poems, by the same publisher in 1916.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.637913703918457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Leisure (poem)" }, { "answer": "W H Davies", "passage": "Heres a virtual movie of Welsh poet William Henry Davies or W H Davies (1871 - 1940) reading his much loved and universally well known poem \"Leisure\" . William Henry Davies or W H Davies (3 July 1871[1] 26 September 1940) was a Welsh poet and writer. William Henry Davies was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, the son of a publican. After an apprenticeship as a picture-frame maker and a series of labouring jobs, he travelled to America, first to New York and then to the Klondike. He returned to England after having lost a foot jumping a train in Canada, where he led a penurious life in London lodging houses and as a pedlar in the country. He married in 1923, Emma, who was much younger than he. His first poems were published when he was 34. Most of his poetry is on the subject of nature or life on the road and exhibits a natural simple, earthy style. He also wrote two novels and autobiographical works, his best known being Autobiography of a Super-Tramp. Brief biography 2 ........... William Henry Davies (1871-1940), poet and author, was born in Pillgwenlly, Newport, Monmouthshire. After leaving school he trained as a carver and gilder, but remained dissatisfied with his life. He left his work and spent a period working and begging his way across the United States of America and Canada, but in March 1899 he lost his foot while jumping from a train. He returned to Britain and resolved to make his mark as a poet. After experiencing many setbacks he eventually published his first book, 'The Soul's Destroyer and Other Poems' in March 1905. Subsequent volumes included 'New Poems' (1907), 'Nature Poems' (1908), 'Farwell to Poesy' (1910), 'Songs of Joy' (1911), 'Foliage' (1913), and 'The Bird of Paradise' (1914). He also wrote prose and his 'Autobiography of a Super-Tramp' (1908) was based on his experiences of living hand-to-mouth in England and north America. In 1923 he married Helen Payne, a prostitute who was thirty years his junior. They settled in Sussex and later Gloucestershire. He was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Wales in 1929 and a plaque in his honour was unveiled at the Church House Inn, Newport, in 1938.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.345720291137695, "source": "search", "title": "W H Davies \"Leisure\" - \"No time to stand and stare\" Poem ..." }, { "answer": "W. H. Davies", "passage": "William Henry Davies or W. H. Davies (3 July 1871 – 26 September 1940) was a Welsh poet and writer. Davies spent a significant part of his life as a tramp or hobo, in the United Kingdom and United States, but became one of the most popular poets of his time. The principal themes in his work are observations about life's hardships, the ways in which the human condition is reflected in nature, his own tramping adventures and the various characters he met. Davies is usually considered one of the Georgian Poets, although much of his work is atypical of the style and themes adopted by others of the genre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.051928520202637, "source": "search", "title": "William Henry Davies - William Henry Davies Poems - Poem ..." }, { "answer": "W. H. Davies", "passage": "W. H. Davies | poetryarchive.org", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904314994812012, "source": "search", "title": "W. H. Davies | poetryarchive.org" }, { "answer": "W. H. Davies", "passage": "About W. H. Davies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.961996078491211, "source": "search", "title": "W. H. Davies | poetryarchive.org" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1946", "passage": "Oliver William Stone was born on September 15, 1946, in New York City, the only child of Louis and Jacqueline Goddet Stone. His father was a successful stockbroker. Stone's childhood was marked by all the privileges of wealth—private schooling, summer vacations in France, and most importantly, a sense of patriotism. Stone's father was strongly conservative (one who believes in maintaining social and political traditions and who opposes change). When Stone was a junior at the Hill School, a Pennsylvania college prep academy, his parents decided to divorce. He discovered that his father was actually deeply in debt, which led him to question the values he had been taught. Stone entered Yale University in 1965, but he quit after only one year.", "precise_score": 9.614253997802734, "rough_score": 9.806392669677734, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone Biography - life, childhood, parents, story ..." }, { "answer": "1946", "passage": "William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 9.609472274780273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Oliver Stone" }, { "answer": "1946", "passage": "Shares the exact same birthday as good friend and star of some his films, Tommy Lee Jones . Both were born on September 15, 1946.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.530524253845215, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1946", "passage": "In the 1992 Sight & Sound poll, Oliver Stone listed these as his top ten films of all time: The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), 1900 (1976), Raging Bull (1980), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), On the Waterfront (1954), Paths of Glory (1957), Citizen Kane (1941), The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather: Part II (1974).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.246911525726318, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "1946", "passage": "Parallels with Steven Spielberg : Both directors were born in 1946, to fathers who had served in World War II. Both frequently make historical films, often about U.S. Presidents ( JFK (1991), Nixon (1995), Amistad (1997), W. (2008), Lincoln (2012)). They have both directed Tommy Lee Jones in an Oscar-nominated performance (JFK and Lincoln). They have both earned an Oscar nomination for the actor playing the President ( Daniel Day-Lewis and Anthony Hopkins once each). They have cast David Paymer and Bruce McGill as members of a President's cabinet. They both frequently use John Williams to score their films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.902132034301758, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "William Bailey", "Billy Bailey (disambiguation)", "Bill Bailey (disambiguation)", "Bailey, William", "William Bailey (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "bailey william", "billy bailey disambiguation", "william bailey disambiguation", "william bailey", "bill bailey disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "william bailey", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "William Bailey" }

[ { "answer": "William Bailey", "passage": "Depending who you ask, Guns N' Roses vocalist Axl Rose is either considered a rock music icon who is worshipped by millions as an almost Christ-like figure, or hated as a homophobic, misogynistic, and woefully self-indulgent \"rock star\" (in his defense, Rose has denied that he's a homophobe or a misogynist), as well as thought of as a tyrant by his ex-bandmates. William Bruce Rose was born on February 6, 1962, in Lafayette, IN, and suffered sexual abuse from his biological father and physical abuse from his eventual stepfather at an early age (Rose changed his name to William Bailey after his mother remarried). Rose was also an outcast in school, where he was picked on for being \"different,\" but found solace in singing with his school and church vocal choir and eventually rock music. His rough teenage years were eased a bit when he befriended a Keith Richards-worshipping chap by the name of Jeff Isbell, who shared Rose's interest in music. Isbell left Indiana for the streets of Los Angeles in the early '80s with hopes of forming a rock band, and Rose followed shortly thereafter, changing his name to W. Axl Rose (while Isbell soon adopted the name Izzy Stradlin).", "precise_score": 5.855820178985596, "rough_score": 6.72848653793335, "source": "search", "title": "Axl Rose Bio | Axl Rose Career | MTV" }, { "answer": "William Bailey", "passage": "Was born William Bruce Rose, but when his parents split his mother changed his name to William Bruce Bailey, taking his step-father's last name. Axl claims that when he was 17 he learned of his real father and changed it back to William Bruce Rose, but this is disputed. One of Rose's first music managers in L.A. claims that in the early 1980s Rose was still legally William Bailey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.134122371673584, "source": "search", "title": "Axl Rose - Biography - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "He was blind", "passage": "Active in the civil rights movement, Hibbler led demonstrators in desegregation marches in 1963 in downtown Birmingham, Ala. But while others in the protest march were jailed by the city's public safety commissioner, Eugene \"Bull\" Conner, Hibbler was detained briefly and released because he was blind.", "precise_score": -0.956142008304596, "rough_score": -7.681123733520508, "source": "search", "title": "Al Hibbler - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "He was blind", "passage": "*Takeichi Nishi - Colonel in the Imperial Japanese Army During World War II. Commander of the 26th Tank Regiment in the Battle of Iwo Jima. He was blinded during battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514386177062988, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of blind people" }, { "answer": "He was blind", "passage": "*Homer - Ancient Greek orator of the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. According to legend, he was blind either at birth or due to disease or injury. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.365087509155273, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of blind people" }, { "answer": "He was blind", "passage": "Ray Charles was born into poverty and  began to lose his sight at an early age.  By the age of seven he was blind. Ray attended the Florida School for the Blind where he learned  the basics in music.  His studies surrounded Classical music.  With this base and his growing interest in Jazz and Blues he began to develop his musical style.  That style was heavily influenced by the great Nat King Cole.  Ray finally came out on his own with the recordings of \"I Got A Woman\" and \"What'd I Say\".  Ray never let his blindness stand in his way. He went on to become one of the greatest recording artist of all time. In the era of Rock and Pop Soul he still believed in the Big Band and Pop Standards.  He was also a pitch man for Pepsi and did several jingles for the cola brand. His recording career included Big Band, Pop Standards, Jazz, R&B and Country. He loved how music allowed him complete freedom of expression. Some of his hits are \"I can't Stop Loving You\", \"Your Cheatin' Heart\", \"You Are My sunshine\", \"Busted\", \"Born To Lose\", \"I'm Movin' On\", \"What i'd Say\", \"Unchain My Heart\", \"You Don't Know Me\", \"Crying Time\", \"Together Again\", \"Booty Butt\", \"Yesterday\", \"Eleanor Rigby\", \"Lets Go Get Stoned\", \"Here We Go Again\", \"Take These Chains From My Heart\", \"Ruby\" and \"Sticks and Stones\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83980941772461, "source": "search", "title": "Musicians With Disabilities Top 25 Americans" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "John Scantlebury Blenkiron", "Buchan, John, Sir", "Buchanesque", "John Blenkiron", "John Buchan, Baron Tweedsmuir", "John Buchan", "John, Sir Buchan", "Sir John Buchan", "Buchan, John", "Lord Tweedsmuir", "John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir", "Baron Tweedsmuir of Elsfield", "John S. Blenkiron" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "buchan john", "buchan john sir", "sir john buchan", "john scantlebury blenkiron", "lord tweedsmuir", "john buchan 1st baron tweedsmuir", "john buchan", "baron tweedsmuir of elsfield", "john buchan baron tweedsmuir", "john sir buchan", "buchanesque", "john s blenkiron", "john blenkiron" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "john buchan", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "John Buchan" }

[ { "answer": "John Buchan", "passage": "John Buchan (1875-1940), Canadian-born British government administrator in South Africa, member of Parliament, governor general of Canada, and a popular novelist whose most famous book, The Thirty Nine Steps, was filmed by HitchcocK.", "precise_score": -8.148717880249023, "rough_score": -11.053281784057617, "source": "search", "title": "THE QUOTABLE ATHEIST Ammunition for nonbelievers political ..." }, { "answer": "John Buchan", "passage": "John Buchan (1875-1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138336181640625, "source": "search", "title": "Quotations - Cheriton School of Computer Science" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia also known as Ansett-ANA and Ansett was a major Australian airline group, based in Melbourne. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. The airline was placed into administration in 2001 after suffering financial collapse, and subsequent organised liquidation in 2002, subject to deed of company arrangement. Ansett became an icon and greatly contributed to the advancement of aviation within Australia during its 66-year life.", "precise_score": 6.8255615234375, "rough_score": 8.121572494506836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Following the takeover of ANA, Reg Ansett lobbied the government to block TAA's purchase of Sud Aviation Caravelle jet aircraft. He was concerned about his airline's ability to finance equivalent jet aircraft, and the major engineering leap required to go from an all-piston fleet direct to pure jet aircraft, TAA had been operating prop-jet Vickers Viscounts since 1954, and so had expertise in jet technology. Ansett was successful in convincing the government to authorize the importation of more Viscounts and the new Lockheed L-188 Electra. This action delayed the introduction of pure jet aircraft to Australian skies until 1964, when the Boeing 727–100 began flying.", "precise_score": 2.034376621246338, "rough_score": 5.525546550750732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett lost control of the company to Peter Abeles' TNT and Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation in 1979, with Abeles taking operational control of the airline. The airline prospered in the 1980s, however a number of substantial investments performed badly, including a share in the US airline America West Airlines (which filed for bankruptcy, but survived) and its Hamilton Island resort (which went into receivership). Ansett also paid millions of dollars for the right to be official airline of the Sydney 2000 Olympics, an investment generally regarded as unwise. This destabilised the financial position of the company considerably. In 1984, Ansett was embroiled in controversy after it banned HIV-positive individuals from travelling on their planes in order to protect their staff. The Australian Flight Attendants Association ultimately rejected the bans. ", "precise_score": 3.199181318283081, "rough_score": 7.362658500671387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Australian government then changed the rules to allow foreign airlines to fly domestic routes. Competition from Qantas and a succession of start-up airlines (Impulse Airlines and Virgin Blue), top-heavy and substantially overpaid staff, an aging fleet and grounding of the Boeing 767 fleet due to maintenance irregularities left Ansett seriously short of cash, losing $1.3 million a day.", "precise_score": 3.457284450531006, "rough_score": 5.066242218017578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In November 2001, Ansett creditors voted to allow the Tesna consortium, led by Melbourne businessmen Solomon Lew and Lindsay Fox, to purchase Ansett's mainline assets. The plan involved creating a whole \"new\" Ansett out of the ashes of the old (with the \"Australia\" dropped from the name as per Ansett Mark II), but the trademark font and \"Star Mark\" logo re-instated. It would be a full-service, two-class single-fleet-type domestic airline. It included very reduced staff numbers and an all new Airbus A320 fleet. The new Ansett would operate out of the old Ansett terminals, and temporarily lease the former Ansett's A320 fleet until younger replacements arrived. Loyalty products such as the Golden Wing Club and Frequent Flyer program would be relaunched.", "precise_score": 3.933234214782715, "rough_score": 5.391770839691162, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The two Boeing 747s that were leased from Singapore Airlines were reclaimed within weeks of the collapse and returned to Singapore Airlines, where they were repainted back into the colours of their owner. They subsequently found new lives and were leased to Fiji's national carrier Fiji Airways. The more modern Boeing 767–300, of which Ansett had two, were reclaimed by the lessors in the following months, while two new Boeing 767–300 aircraft which arrived too late to enter service with Ansett, departed soon after. One aircraft was wet leased on a short term basis by Qantas to bring additional aircraft to cover the loss of Ansett, but the aircraft retained its Ansett registration while under lease to them. Another new 767-300 which was halfway through its ferry from Canada never made it to Australia and returned to Canada. The Kendell CRJ-200 jets departed back from Canada within twelve months of the initial collapse.", "precise_score": 3.5138463973999023, "rough_score": 5.84531307220459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia operated to many destinations in Australia and Asia prior to its collapse in 2001. This list does not include destinations only served by subsidiaries Aeropelican, Ansett New Zealand, Kendell Airlines, Skywest Airlines and Hazelton Airlines. ", "precise_score": 5.87820291519165, "rough_score": 7.460807800292969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "On 30 March 1999 Ansett Australia joined the Star Alliance, a global network of carriers, opening up interline agreements with a dozen different carriers connecting to over 100 countries across the world. Reciprocal rights for certain Star Alliance membership tiers was offered, including earning frequent flyer points and a wide selection of lounge access. The Star Alliance logo was added to every aircraft in the Ansett fleet, as well as its regional subsidiary airlines. Other Star member carriers like United Airlines benefited greatly by Ansett's membership, with seamless feeder connections from its trans-Pacific services.", "precise_score": 4.952585697174072, "rough_score": 6.2028398513793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Global Rewards was Ansett Australia's Frequent Flyer Program from 1991 to 2001. It was formerly known as \"Ansett Frequent Flyer\". Points could be used for services from Ansett Australia and their partners including flights, upgrades, holidays, hotel stays and car rentals. Diners Club was a significant financial services partner in Global Rewards. Points held at the time of the airline's collapse lost their value as no other airline took over the program as had taken place with the collapse of some other airlines. ", "precise_score": 2.9415316581726074, "rough_score": 6.145630359649658, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett ran a scheduled terminal transfer service at Sydney Airport, which offered seamless connection from its Domestic terminal to the International terminal for Ansett Australia services connecting to Ansett International. An Ansett bus operated the shuttle service which departed from a transfer lounge located between its two domestic concourses. The shuttle would route across the airside tarmac and runways and arrive near customs at Terminal 1.", "precise_score": 3.528904438018799, "rough_score": 5.071688652038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Since Qantas's Take over of Australian Airlines in 1992, Ansett acquired the rights to selective sponsorship of various teams involved in the Australian Touring Car Championship and Seven Networks commentary team between various airports close to racing venues around Australia from 1994 to Ten Network's takeover of V8 Supercar Series AVESCO (V8 Supercars Australia) launched the new series in 1997, but the insignia remained on various cars until Ansett folded in 2001.", "precise_score": 3.9939422607421875, "rough_score": 5.273752689361572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Worldwide Aviation Services or simply Ansett Worldwide is one of the world's largest commercial jet aircraft leasing companies. It was Ansett Australia's subsidiary and leasing arm from 1985 until February 2000. ", "precise_score": 3.9781010150909424, "rough_score": 5.630049228668213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "With the demise of Ansett airline operations in 2002, the engineering services business, formerly known as the Ansett Australia Maintenance Base located at Melbourne Airport, was retained under the name of Ansett Aviation Engineering Services (AAES), primarily to care for the Ansett aircraft held in storage having mandatory ongoing maintenance, and also for other airlines supplying third party maintenance. Through five years of administration, AAES continued to operate despite Ansett Australia no longer trading. ", "precise_score": 2.901944637298584, "rough_score": 7.08571720123291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Ansett New Zealand, a defunct airline, originally a subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": 5.380743980407715, "rough_score": 7.353861331939697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Kendell Airlines, subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": 3.025840997695923, "rough_score": 5.460910797119141, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Skywest Airlines, former subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": 3.1342413425445557, "rough_score": 5.562899112701416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In September 1996, Air New Zealand announced a conditional agreement to purchase 50% of Ansett Holdings for a total outlay of A$475 million. The purchase was completed in October 1996. Ansett Holdings owned 100% of Ansett Australia (the domestic airline) and 49% of Ansett International.", "precise_score": 4.909445285797119, "rough_score": 5.635448932647705, "source": "search", "title": "History - About Air New Zealand - Company Information ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "At this time, the Australian domestic airline travel sector was dominated by Australian National Airways (ANA), established in 1936 by a consortium of British-financed Australian shipowners. The Chifley Federal Government was determined to establish a state-owned airline to operate all domestic and international services. It was eventually thwarted in this aim by the High Court of Australia, and so it established Trans Australia Airlines (TAA) to operate in competition with ANA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.796189785003662, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Menzies government, while supporting TAA, because of the excellent dividends it paid to the government, wanted to avoid TAA having a monopoly on domestic services if ANA collapsed, as seemed likely. The only alternative, as it transpired, was for Ansett to buy the ANA operation. Ansett's bid had a number of financial supporters, most prominent of these being the Shell Oil Company. Douglas Aircraft Company was also concerned about ANA's demise, as TAA had ceased to be a customer for their aircraft. The ANA directors fiercely resisted this initially, but in October 1957 succumbed to Ansett's offer of £3.3 million for their airline. The new entity was called Ansett-ANA, the name it retained until 1 November 1968, when it became Ansett Airlines of Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.737485408782959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Reg Ansett then set out to ensure no other competitors could rise up to challenge his airline. He took control of Adelaide based Guinea Airways (renamed Airlines of South Australia) and Sydney based Butler Air Transport (renamed Airlines of New South Wales). The takeover of Butler was achieved with covert support from the Menzies government and by Ansett engineering his employees' purchases of Butler shares (in a similar way as had just been attempted by Butler). He then flew the employees to a general meeting in Sydney and forced a vote in favour of selling out to Ansett.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.763880252838135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett expanded into New Zealand in 1987 through its subsidiary Ansett New Zealand after the Government of New Zealand opened its skies to the airline. After the Government of Australia reneged on an agreement to reciprocate, Air New Zealand tried to acquire a share of Qantas when it was floated in 1995, but was not allowed. Instead it bought a 50% stake in Ansett Australia for A$540 million in 1996, though managerial control remained in the hands of News Corporation. Ansett Australia then had to divest itself of Ansett New Zealand to avoid creating a monopoly. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.851101875305176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In early September 2001, as the trouble worsened, the New Zealand government prepared to rescue Air New Zealand (eventually buying 83% of the company for NZ$885 million) but cut Ansett adrift. Despite public pleas, the Australian government refused to bail out Ansett. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.937699794769287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Everyone had been told in the days leading up to 14 September that flights would continue on schedule, and most Ansett employees did not find out until they showed up for work at dawn that day. Thousands of passengers were left stranded and more than 16,000 people found themselves out of a job, making this the largest mass job loss event in Australian history. Widespread protests were held by workers, including the blockade of an Air New Zealand plane about to carry New Zealand's Prime Minister Helen Clark home from Melbourne. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.234388589859009, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "After receiving a federal government guarantee, Ansett resumed limited services between major cities on 1 October 2001, utilising only the Airbus A320 fleet. This was referred to as Ansett Mark II, an operation run and financed by Ansett Australia under administration. The purpose of getting Ansett back into the air was aimed directly at attracting a buyer for the business and generating positive cash flow. Attempts by Ansett's Voluntary Administrators to re-engage Singapore Airlines to consider a role in resurrecting Ansett through a meeting on 6 October 2001 resulted in it agreeing to play a consultancy role in this effort. [http://www.aph.gov.au/LIBRARY/Pubs/online/ansettchron_PartA.htm ansett chronology] The scaled-back operation ran on a tight budget, and its product reflective of that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7672154903411865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "It consisted of single class seating with no catering, interlining baggage, valet parking or frequent flyer points. After a month back in the air, the Golden Wing Club Lounges re-opened, however like the scaled-back flying operation, provided no refreshments or other amenities apart from coffee and water. Ansett was essentially in \"lock down\" mode, while the administrators tried to source buyers in a very challenging market. Ansett Mark II traded only as \"Ansett\" (minus the Australia) in a different font to separate it from the former operation. It traded from Ansett terminals, with Ansett ground staff, crew and baggage handlers working around the clock to make it a success with limited resources. Designated gates at each of Ansett's terminals were used for the operation, while aircraft not being utilised were moved away to more distant gates, with the disused concourses being sealed off.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8658671379089355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "By this point, the administration of the company had transferred to newly formed insolvency firm KordaMentha. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) began an investigation of whether Ansett had traded while insolvent, and eventually determined in July 2002 that it would be too expensive and difficult to proceed with an action which would in any case, need to be many separate actions on behalf of individual creditors rather than just one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.931519031524658, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Laid-off Ansett workers were eventually paid most of their entitlements, partly from an A$150 million compensation package offered by Air New Zealand in return for having the ASIC inquiry dropped, but mostly through asset sales and leasing revenue. The Federal Government did provide a A$350 million loan which is being repaid by the Administrators at the same time as the staff are being repaid however, to ensure that there is no exposure to taxpayers, a $10 per seat levy was imposed by the Federal Government on Australian airline passengers. Employees ended up receiving 96% of their entitlements. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8575383424758911, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The disposal of the former fleet did not progress quickly, given the depressed aviation market and the subsequent lack of demand by other carriers around the world whose operations had been crippled by the 9/11 attacks only months before. Following the final flight, nearly all of the A320 fleet was ferried back empty to Melbourne, where they sat at abandoned gates in storage. The Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 fleets ultimately found new owners first, and departed Australia between March 2002 and December 2006 as the banks finally reclaimed them, or as new owners were found.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.355006217956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Ansett Australia fleet as of 13 September 2001 (last day of trading) was made up of the following aircraft: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.393545627593994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Several of the defunct fleet types did operate ferry flights back to Melbourne from wherever they ended up across Australia in the months after the collapse, and operated the occasional test flight around Melbourne to retain currency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.764663696289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "At various times Ansett Australia and its predecessors and partnering carriers operated the Boeing 727, -100, -200 Advanced and the purpose built 727 LR, Bristol Freighter, Cessna 550, Convair 340, Convair 440, de Havilland Dragon, de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, de Havilland Canada Dash 7, de Havilland Heron, Douglas DC-3 and C-47 Skytrain, Douglas DC-4, Douglas DC-6, Fokker F-27, Fokker F-28, Fokker Universal, Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Lockheed L-188 Electra, Douglas DC-9, Mohawk 298, Piaggio P.166 and Vickers Viscount.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.34525588154792786, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia offered up to three cabin classes (First, Business and Economy Classes) in varied seat configurations throughout its 66-year run. At the time of its collapse, this had reverted to just two travel classes (Business and Economy), both domestically and internationally:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1027042865753174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett International's last business class was introduced with the arrival of the Boeing 747-400. It offered 42 single recliner seats in a 2-2-2 configuration on the main deck, with around 160 degrees of recline. Ansett Australia's retrofitted two Boeing 747-400 series aircraft equipped with these recliner seats mostly served the Australia-Asia (Hong Kong and Osaka) international flights. The recliner seats were equipped with inflight entertainment including personal televisions/touch screens with AVOD, personal telephones in every seat and laptop 110 V AC power outlets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.917392253875732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Originally launched as BusinessFirst in 1997, and then reverting to just Business Class in 1999, Ansett Domestic's last business class offered 24 single lounge chair seats grouped in groups of two allowing a more spacious area on its domestic configured 767-300ER and 200ER/200 fleet in a 2-2-2 configuration. Ansett Australia's domestic business class seats were also installed on the Airbus A320-200 series, the Boeing 737-300 series, and the BAe-146 fleet in a 2–2 layout. These aircraft mostly served Australian domestic flights, however select 767-200ER, A320 and 737 services were also used on the Australia-Asia/Fiji (Denpasar, Hong Kong and Nadi) international flights as demand dictated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.724912166595459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The new international economy class was introduced with the arrival of the Boeing 747-400. It offered 398 seats equipped with adjustable wings in the headrest and an adjustable footrest to provide extra comfort. Ansett Australia's international economy class seats were also installed on some of the Boeing 767-200s, and some of the Boeing 767-300s. Seat rows were in a 3-4-3 configuration on the Boeing 747-400s lower deck and mostly a 3–3 configuration on the upper deck, a 2-3-2 configuration on the Boeing 767-200 and Boeing 767-300s. The Airbus A320 and Boeing 737s retained their domestic configuration for international service. These aircraft mostly served Australian domestic flights and some of the Australia-Asia/Fiji (Denpasar, Hong Kong, Osaka and Nadi) international flights. The seats were equipped with inflight entertainment including personal televisions and personal telephones in every seat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.13207367062568665, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The new domestic economy class was also introduced with the arrival of the Boeing 767-300ER, offering 224 seats. Ansett Australia's domestic economy class seats were also installed on some of the Airbus A320s, some of the BAe-146 series, some of the Boeing 737-300 series, some of the Boeing 767-200 series and some of the Boeing 767-300 series aircraft. Seat rows were in a 3–3 configuration on the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-300s, a 2–2 configuration on the BAe 146 series aircraft and a 2-3-2 configuration on the Boeing 767-200 and Boeing 767-300s. These aircraft mostly served Australian domestic flights and some of the Australia-Asia/Fiji (Denpasar, Hong Kong and Nadi) international flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.22724986076355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "* Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335969924926758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "**Australian Capital Territory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280935287475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "**South Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386089324951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "**Western Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311551094055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia offered travellers a range of services up to the time of 14 September 2001:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6157552003860474, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Golden Wing Club was the airport lounge service owned and operated by Ansett. Members received a bi-monthly magazine called \"Travelling Life\", as well as many other features. Golden Wing Club Lounges were located throughout Australia in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Alice Springs, and Hamilton Island. Ansett also ran international Golden Wing Clubs at Sydney and Perth, with an added \"First Class\" section of the Sydney Club for those travelling International First Class from 1994–1998. Access was available to Golden Wing Club members travelling on an Ansett or subsidiary service (e.g. – Kendell, Aeropelican and Skywest) on the day of travel. Complimentary access was granted for Global Rewards Diamond and Sapphire members, as well as Star Alliance Gold (and above) members.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8900843858718872, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Following Ansett's final flights in March 2002, the lounges permanently closed. In the weeks that followed they were emptied of their expensive artwork and other items of value in subsequent auctions, leaving behind furniture and a variety of fittings, most of which was purchased by the various airport owners who bought the terminals back from Ansett's administrators. Today, many of the former Golden Wing Clubs in Australia live on as new lounges, occupied by Virgin Australia as its member lounge in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane, through leases secured with the airport owners. The former Golden Wing in Cairns was used by Qantas as a temporary Qantas Club while the Cairns terminal underwent redevelopment, before being demolished in the terminal redevelopment. The Perth Golden Wing was used firstly by charter airline Alliance and became Virgin's sixth lounge, before being vacated in late 2015 when Virgin relocated to the new Domestic T1 terminal. The Canberra Lounge was used by Virgin Blue and eventually closed and demolished to make way for the new Canberra Terminal redevelopment. The Adelaide and Gold Coast lounges have both, in the process of terminal redevelopments, been demolished.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5407263040542603, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Ansett Executive Lounge, also known as \"Ansett Pass\" and \"Ansett Managers Lounge\" was an exclusive airport lounge service owned and operated by Ansett. Membership was via invitation only, and offered opulence and luxury to that of the world's finest five-star hotels. As membership was quite select, the lounges were significantly smaller than that of Golden Wing Clubs. Executive Lounges were located throughout Australia (Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Canberra and Perth) and New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.28377044200897217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett offered a valet parking service in major Australian and New Zealand airports. This also offered the convenience of kerbside check-in, and car cleaning for additional cost.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2983652353286743, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia was one of the major sponsors of the Australian Football League, holding the naming rights to the AFL pre-season competition, the Ansett Australia Cup. It was also a major sponsor of Waverley Park. The logo was visible around the stadium.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.462841272354126, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett was also a Major Sponsor of Australian Cricket, with the Ansett Australia Test Series a prominent fixture of the Australian summer. Ansett's logo (called the StarMark) appeared on all players' training and game shirts, as well as around the boundary and on the field during Test Series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3942539691925049, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The airline was the official airline of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Boeing 767-300 ER VH-BZF carried the Olympic Flame from Athens to Guam for the start of the torch relay through Oceania. An A320-211 carried the Olympic Torch from Auckland to Uluru, to commence the Olympic Torch relay in Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.836852073669434, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia sponsored the soap opera Neighbours in the late 1980s, having previously received publicity when its aircraft were used in the filming of another production by Reg Grundy — 1977's ABBA: The Movie. Ansett often sponsored Channel 9's Nightline late night news program from 1994–1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5771148204803467, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Documentaries about Ansett and the company's background include Air Australia: War in suites and The Ansett Story. Books have also been written, including Ansett: The Collapse and Ansett: The Story Of The Rise And Fall Of Ansett 1936–2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2636720538139343, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The Ansett Australia Flight Simulator Centre located in Melbourne had continued trading under administration, following the company's insolvency as it was one of the few Ansett businesses that could operate profitably, independent of the airline. An agreement was reached by the Deed Administrators in October 2004 for its sale to Aviation Training Australasia Pty Ltd. The sale included the business, related buildings, land and the Ansett owned Flight Simulators. Nineteen former Ansett Australia employees jobs were saved in the sale, and Aviation Training Australasia elected to operate the centre under the trading name of Ansett Flight Simulator Centre and later Ansett Aviation Training, dropping the \"Australia\" off the end of Ansett, but retaining the well recognised Ansett Star Mark logo, reflective of Ansett's last livery.[http://businesssunday.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.682893753051758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Hazelton Airlines, subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.014459609985352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Both of Kendell & Hazelton were merged each other and became Regional Express Airlines after collapse of Ansett Australia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.34968900680542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Aeropelican Air Services, former subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5842479467391968, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*East-West Airlines, former subsidiary of Ansett Australia ceased October 1993", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.661632537841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand Engineering Services Limited", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8977019190788269, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Ansett Worldwide Aviation Services, an aircraft leasing organisation which used to be a subsidiary of Ansett Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4481775760650635, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "*Diners Club Australia, credit card provider. 68.2% share owned, was sold back to Diners Club USA in 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.506763458251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ansett Australia" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "If you want the exact date, this Wednesday, September 14, will be the 10th anniversary of the greatest crisis the Australian travel industry has ever faced, which was masked by the other great disaster America is commemorating today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136807441711426, "source": "search", "title": "The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australia travel guide", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329303741455078, "source": "search", "title": "The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "On the other side of the world, the bankruptcy of Ansett – mismanaged in the 1990s by its lazy Australian management, then taken over by greedy New Zealand raiders in 2000 – not only collapsed the Australian domestic market, but initially gifted more than 90 per cent of what was left to Qantas, whose domestic division in the 1990s had more often than not been the straggler to Ansett’s market leader.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0798003673553467, "source": "search", "title": "The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "The fact that the renamed Virgin Australia did not even have a business-class product until three months ago gave Qantas a 10-year free ride as the airline of choice for corporate Australia, a goldmine that still subsidises the disaster that Qantas International has become.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.399369239807129, "source": "search", "title": "The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett had had more than a decade to get its sky-high operating costs under control after the Australian industry was deregulated in 1989. It cost Ansett and Australian Airlines (the government-owned domestic carrier taken over by Qantas in 1993) hundreds of millions of dollars in losses to outlast Australia’s first generation of budget carriers, Compass Mark I and II between 1990 and 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.101194381713867, "source": "search", "title": "The other 10th anniversary: Ansett's demise - Traveller.com.au" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Air New Zealand's story began in April 1940 when its forerunner airline, Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL) was incorporated. TEAL began its first trans-Tasman services with flying boats, and over the years steadily expanded the size and scope of its operations and the extent of its international network. The route network was expanded from Australia and the Pacific to Asia, the USA, the UK and Europe. In October 1953 TEAL became jointly owned by the New Zealand and Australian Governments, and in April 1961 the New Zealand Government assumed full ownership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.904519081115723, "source": "search", "title": "History - About Air New Zealand - Company Information ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Air New Zealand and Ansett Australia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1348907947540283, "source": "search", "title": "History - About Air New Zealand - Company Information ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett had an extensive network throughout Australia and provided Air New Zealand customers with a greatly enhanced offering.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.945003032684326, "source": "search", "title": "History - About Air New Zealand - Company Information ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "In September 2010, Air New Zealand debuted ‘Seats to Suit’ which offers customers the choice of Seat, Seat + Bag, The Works and Works Deluxe on flights between New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Islands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.42587947845459, "source": "search", "title": "History - About Air New Zealand - Company Information ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass | eBay", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7119786739349365, "source": "search", "title": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass | eBay" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.154666781425476, "source": "search", "title": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass | eBay" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass0 results. You may also like", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7144393920898438, "source": "search", "title": "Ansett Australia Boarding Pass | eBay" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to know | News | theguardian.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437586784362793, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to know", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463356971740723, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Where do Australia's asylum seekers come from – and how does the country compare with the rest of the world?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.794267654418945, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Asylum seekers from Sri Lanka at a police station in Colombo, after being arrested for attempting to sail to Australia by boat. Photograph: Dinuka Liyanawatte / Reuters/REUTERS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.238471031188965, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Does Australia have a problem with refugees ? Both major parties believe it does, agreeing that offshore processing is necessary to deter asylum seekers arriving by boat. In 2007 Labor dismantled the previous Coalition government's policies, but has progressively hardened its stance over the past five years. The Coalition promises to \"stop the boats\" by turning them back on the high seas, where possible, and by denying boat arrivals any hope of ever gaining permanent residency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23294448852539, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "So what are the facts about people seeking asylum in Australia? The latest data from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship for year-on-year numbers shows that applications for asylum in Australia have never been higher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371167182922363, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australia divides its refugees into two groups: those that arrive by boat, defined as \"irregular maritime arrivals\" (IMA), and those that arrive by air (non-IMA). This data, which covers 2011-12, shows that, for the first time, boat refugees outnumber asylum seekers arriving at airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903739929199219, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Australia compared with other countries", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98269271850586, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Even with recent increases in the numbers of asylum seekers, Australia takes a very small percentage of the world's refugees: just 3% in the latest figures for 2012, although that is up from 1% in 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31417465209961, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "But how does that really compare? According to the UN high commission for refugees , there are 30,083 refugees living in Australia. Relative to the country's geographical size, that gives Australia one of the lowest rates in the industrialised world (although this does not take into account that large areas of the country are uninhabitable). Australia, incidentally, produced 39 refugees of its own in 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.892621040344238, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "If we look at the figures in relation to population, they show that for every 1,000 Australian citizens, there are 1.4 refugees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.315031051635742, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Update: for information about the distinction between asylum seekers and refugees, see the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship's fact sheet or the Australian Human Rights Commission's FAQ on the subject.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368276596069336, "source": "search", "title": "Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to ..." }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "South African Airways is a full member of the Star Alliance and has direct flights from New York, London, Dubai, Sydney, Sao Paolo and Beijing. This is what keeps the South African economy going-the accessibility of the world. The only drawback with South African Airways is it is far from just about everywhere. But the same can be said for Australia and they seem to manage pretty well!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.074602127075195, "source": "search", "title": "The 5 Best Airlines in Africa - Lee Abbamonte" }, { "answer": "Australia", "passage": "Our coverage of global flights is the best in the industry. We cover more commercial passenger flights than anyone in the world. In addition to our complete coverage of North American flights, we cover flights operating in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and just about everywhere else. Our coverage varies from continent to continent. But we are continually seeking data sources to help us fill in the gaps. Our coverage spans the globe and we show you more in-depth information than anyone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.490938186645508, "source": "search", "title": "Airport Tracker - FlightStats" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Saratoga Springs, New York", "Saratoga Springs", "Saratoga Springs, NY", "UN/LOCODE:USSGA", "Saratoga Springs (NY)", "Maple Avenue Middle School" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "un locode ussga", "saratoga springs new york", "saratoga springs ny", "maple avenue middle school", "saratoga springs" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "saratoga springs", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Saratoga Springs" }

[ { "answer": "Saratoga Springs", "passage": "The College is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Empire State College administrative offices are located in Saratoga Springs, New York.", "precise_score": 9.202779769897461, "rough_score": 7.579769134521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Empire State College" }, { "answer": "Saratoga Springs", "passage": "Several U.S. national sports halls of fame are or have been situated in New York. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Cooperstown, Otsego County. The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, honors achievements in the sport of thoroughbred horse racing. The physical facility of the National Soccer Hall of Fame in Oneonta, also in Otsego County, closed in 2010, although the organization itself has continued inductions. The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.806848526000977, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York" }, { "answer": "Saratoga Springs", "passage": "Take your pick. SUNY Empire offers more than 500 online courses, 35 learning centers across New York state, and collaborative three-day residencies in Albany and Saratoga Springs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9251941442489624, "source": "search", "title": "Where to Study | SUNY Empire State College" }, { "answer": "Saratoga Springs", "passage": "Founded in 1971, SUNY Empire State College is a non-profit public higher education institution located in the the suburban setting of the medium-sized town of Saratoga Springs (population range of 10,000-49,999 inhabitants), New York. Officially accredited/recognized by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, SUNY Empire State College (ESC) is a large (enrollment range: 15,000-19,999 students) coeducational higher education institution. SUNY Empire State College (ESC) offers courses and programs leading to officialy recognized higher education degrees such as associate degrees, bachelor degrees, master degrees in several areas of study. This 45 years old HE institution has a selective admission policy based on students' past academic record and grades. The admission rate range is 60-70% making this US higher education organization a somewhat selective institution. International students are welcome to apply for enrollment. ESC also provides several academic and non-academic facilities and services to students including a library, financial aids and/or scholarships, online courses and distance learning opportunities, as well as administrative services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.098921298980713, "source": "search", "title": "SUNY Empire State College | Ranking & Review" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Tripartite alliance", "African national Congress", "African National", "African National Congress", "South African Native National Congress", "ANC", "Flag of the African National Congress", "ANC flag", "South African National Native Congress", "African National Congress of South Africa", "National Democratic Revolution" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "south african national native congress", "south african native national congress", "tripartite alliance", "african national congress", "anc", "flag of african national congress", "anc flag", "african national congress of south africa", "national democratic revolution", "african national" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "anc", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "ANC" }

[ { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed resistance - Telegraph", "precise_score": 3.5650105476379395, "rough_score": 4.913456916809082, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed resistance", "precise_score": 4.056986331939697, "rough_score": 5.043623447418213, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela set up the African National Congress' armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), in 1961 when he lost hope that passive and non-violent resistance to the apartheid government would bear fruit.", "precise_score": 6.3858795166015625, "rough_score": 7.8396759033203125, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).", "precise_score": -0.9915090799331665, "rough_score": -1.9878108501434326, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Umkhonto weSizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\") or 'MK' as it was more commonly known, was launched on the 16th December 1961. On the same day in 1838, the Afrikaners had defeated the Zulus at the Battle of the Blood River and it was perhaps significant that the armed struggle was launched on this particular day, more than one hundred years later. The formation of MK followed a series of events that made it necessary for the national liberation movements in South Africa to move towards a more significant challenge to the white minority government. The African National Congress (ANC) , together with the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the members of the Congress Alliance, the South African Indian Congress, the Coloured People’s Congress and the Congress of the Democrats, had been engaged in peaceful acts of resistance which aimed at forcing the government to eventually recognise the rights of Black people in South Africa. However, the 1950s and the early 1960s, showed the intension by the South African government to further isolate the country’s black people through various laws and severe repressive measures. In addition, in the face of repressive measures by the state, came the need to change tactics in the manner in which the ANC, SACP and the Congress Alliance had been approaching the struggle for freedom and equality.", "precise_score": 1.7500401735305786, "rough_score": 2.569791555404663, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "Umkhonto we Sizwe, Spear of the Nation, was arguably the last of the great liberation armies of the twentieth century—but it never got to “march triumphant into Pretoria.” MK—as it was known—was the armed wing of the African National Congress, South Africa’s liberation movement, that challenged the South African apartheid government. A small group of revolutionaries committed to the seizure of power, MK discovered its principal members engaged in negotiated settlement with the enemy and was disbanded soon after.", "precise_score": 6.77533483505249, "rough_score": 7.49697208404541, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Spear of the Nation" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In 1961, Nelson Mandela co-founded and became the first leader of Umkhonto  we Sizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\"), also known as MK, a new armed wing of the ANC. Under Mandela's leadership, MK launched a sabotage campaign against the government, which had recently declared South Africa a republic and withdrawn from the British Commonwealth. In January 1962, Mandela traveled aboard illegally to attend a conference of African nationalist leaders in Ethiopia, visit the exiled Oliver Tambo in London and undergo guerilla training in Algeria. On August 5, shortly after his return, he was arrested and subsequently sentenced to five years in prison for leaving the country and inciting a 1961 workers strike. The following July, police raided an ANC hideout in Rivonia, a suburb on the outskirts of Johannesburg, and arrested a racially diverse  group of MK leaders who had gathered to debate the merits of a guerilla insurgency. Evidence eas found implicating Mandela and other activists, who were brought to stand trial for sabotage, treason and violent conspiracy alongside their associates.Mandela and other seven defendants narrowly escaped the gallows and were instead sentenced to life imprisonment during the so-call Rivonia Trial, which lasted eight months and attracted substantial international attention. In a stirring opening statement that sealed his iconic status around the world, Mandela admitted to some of the charges against him while defending the ANC's actions and denouncing the injustices of apartheid.  ", "precise_score": 4.237751007080078, "rough_score": 5.73049259185791, "source": "search", "title": "Armed Resistance Movement - Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In 1961, Nelson Mandela co-founded and became the first leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), also known as MK, a new armed wing of the ANC. Several years later, during the trial that would put him behind bars for nearly three decades, he described the reasoning for this radical departure from his party’s original tenets: “[I]t would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and nonviolence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle.”", "precise_score": 5.593588829040527, "rough_score": 6.706849098205566, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Umkhonto we Sizwe, Spear of the Nation, was arguably the last of the great liberation armies of the twentieth century-but it never got to \\u201cmarch triumphant into Pretoria.\\u201d MK-as it was known-was the armed wing of the African National Congress, South Africa's liberation movement, that challenged the South African apartheid government. A small group of revolutionaries committed to the seizure of power, MK discovered its principal members engaged in negotiated settlement with the enemy and was disbanded soon after. The history of MK is one of paradox and contradiction, of successes and failures. In this short study, which draws widely on the personal experiences of-and commentary by-MK soldiers, Janet Cherry offers a new and nuanced account of the Spear of the Nation. She presents in broad outline the various stages of MK's thirty-year history, considers the difficult strategic and moral problems the revolutionary army faced, and argues that its operations are likely to be remembered as a just war conducted with considerable restraint. show more", "precise_score": 6.92659854888916, "rough_score": 7.533614635467529, "source": "search", "title": "Spear of the Nation : Janet Cherry : 9780821420263" }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "Curiously, the Government's public pressure on the African National Congress has coincided with private progress reported at talks on the fate of Spear of the Nation.", "precise_score": -0.17730416357517242, "rough_score": -7.070148468017578, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "The agreement reached between the Government and the African National Congress in Pretoria in 1990 stipulated that \"no further armed actions and related activities by the A.N.C. and its military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe will take place.\" The Government defines \"related activities\" to include the stockpiling of arms and the recruitment of new guerrillas. The congress says these fall outside the agreement's scope.", "precise_score": -7.203827857971191, "rough_score": -6.491261959075928, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "For many black South Africans, the armed struggle symbolizes their resistance to apartheid, and it has been accorded near mythic dimensions in the rhetoric of the African National Congress. If the congress disbanded its military wing to accommodate the Government, it would lose support in the townships, particularly among militant youth, and would become vulnerable to criticism from more radical groups like the Pan-Africanist Congress.", "precise_score": -4.545461654663086, "rough_score": -5.711851119995117, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "A veteran of the pre-liberation African National Congress armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK, Spear of the Nation), General Siphiwe 'Gebuza' Nyanda doesn't scare easily. Yet when a well armed hijacker decided on 23 March to make off with his Porsche luxury car, he didn't offer any resistance. Nyanda survived without a scratch and the car was found without serious damage a few hours later. Another random hijacking? Perhaps, but it has emerged that Nyanda is the spokesman for a group known as Senior Commanders and Commissars of the ANC's former military wing.", "precise_score": 5.2831573486328125, "rough_score": 7.710064888000488, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "...of their white sympathizers came to the conclusion that apartheid could never be overcome by peaceful means alone. PAC established an armed wing called Poqo, and the ANC set up its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), in 1961. Although their military units detonated several bombs in government buildings during the next few years, the ANC and PAC did not pose a...", "precise_score": 5.885756492614746, "rough_score": 5.702118873596191, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "...However, from the 1970s an increasing number of black troops were recruited. Compulsory military service, formerly for white males only, ended in 1994. Guerrillas of the ANC’s military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), and of the PAC’s military have been incorporated into a renamed South African National Defence Force. This integration has not been entirely...", "precise_score": 3.7366013526916504, "rough_score": 2.971018075942993, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "...the PAC. Denied legal avenues for political change, the ANC first turned to sabotage and then began to organize outside of South Africa for guerrilla warfare. In 1961 an ANC military organization, Umkhonto we Sizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\"), with Mandela as its head, was formed to carry out acts of sabotage as part of its campaign against apartheid. Mandela and other ANC leaders were sentenced...", "precise_score": 1.5705606937408447, "rough_score": -5.233713626861572, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "...acts of sabotage against the South African regime. He went underground (during which time he became known as the Black Pimpernel for his ability to evade capture) and was one of the founders of Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), the military wing of the ANC. In 1962 he went to Algeria for training in guerrilla warfare and sabotage, returning to South Africa later that...", "precise_score": 4.081577301025391, "rough_score": -0.1841667890548706, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "With no military training himself, and in hiding from the government, Mr Mandela travelled abroad where he was offered financial and practical help by countries including Ethiopia and Algeria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925322532653809, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela's Spear of the Nation: the ANC's armed ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Changing tactics was not going to be a simple and easy thing for the ANC, because for a long time it had embraced the ‘non-violence’ approach, an approach favored by Chief Albert Luthuli , President of the ANC at that time. Apart from the ‘non-violence’ stance that the ANC embraced, there were other issues that did not support the idea of an armed struggle, for instance at the time when the decision was made to form the MK, the ANC was banned under the Unlawful Organisations Bill of 1960 therefore, if the decision to take up arms became the decision of the ANC as the organisation, that would have put its Congress Alliance in danger of being banned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888219833374023, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Events leading to the decision to take up arms by the ANC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423624992370605, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In the 1950s it became clear to some members of the ANC and the SACP that passive resistance and non-violence were not working. A factor that undoubtedly had an influence on the thinking of the ANC and the SACP, and which probably had a bearing on their shift towards political violence in 1961, was the general failure of the ANC directed campaigns of the 1950s to bring about meaningful political changes based on the policy of non-violence and moderation, following the moderate successes of the Defiance Campaign of 1952 and the Western Areas Campaign.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10368824005127, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Some sources site that the reason for these ‘moderate’ successes were due to unproductive and unfocused meetings. The ANC also showed a shift in its policies during the Annual National Congress on 26 June 1955 in Kliptown where the Freedom Charter was adopted. The significance of the Freedom Charter, was that the perception of the ANC as an African-only organisation shifted to one that embraces a growing unity amongst all Black peoples. However this multi-racial ideology did lead to a split within the ANC by those members like Robert Sobukwe who espoused the Pan-Africanist view of “Africa for Africans”. He went on to form the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.975086212158203, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The most significant catalyst that led to the taking up of arms was the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March 1960 , where the government violently crushed a peaceful anti-pass demonstration organised by the Pan African Congress. This demonstration lead to the deaths of 69 people, with 186 wounded. Also in the Western Cape Township, Langa, 3 people were killed and 27 injured in clashes with police over the burning of passes. The states’ heavy-handed response to the peaceful demonstrations and the subsequent banning of the ANC and SACP the following month, dealt a serious blow to the ANC and its allies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.008597373962402, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Therefore, in 1960 after the Sharpeville massacre and the banning of liberation organisations many more ANC and SACP members were convinced. The time had come to rethink the approach towards the struggle and move from ‘passive resistance’ to the ‘armed struggle’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.434741973876953, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "By the end of 1960, popular resistance seemed to be crushed. The flames of the burning passes had been put out by the bullets of Sharpeville and Langa. The week long stay-away called for the 19 April 1960 failed to raise the spirit of a dejected people. Those liberation leaders who escaped the massive state clampdown slipped out of the country to begin re-organising resistance from abroad. For Mandela, this was the turning point. \"If the government reaction is to crush by naked force our non-violent struggle,\" he told a gathering of local and foreign press in a safe house, \"we will have to reconsider our tactics. In my mind we are closing a chapter on this question of a non-violent policy.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.85384750366211, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Various suggestions have been given on who and how the idea and the decision to take up arms came into being. One is that the proposal was first made to the ANC by Mandela in June, but Ben Turok suggests that it was in one private meeting between April and May 1960, which comprised of a handful of SACP activists, Yusuf Dadoo , Jack Hugson , Joe Matthews , Michael Hermal, Moses Kotane , Ben Turok, and Ruth First . Bram Fischer and Bartholomew Hlapane. At this meeting Michael Hermel presented a proposal of a move towards armed struggle. The proposal, according to Ben Turok, suggested that:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.903383255004883, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "This proposal was later presented to individuals within the ANC, and it therefore pre-dates the 1961 decision of the ANC to begin the armed struggle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.560356140136719, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "At an ANC Working Committee meeting in June 1961 Mandela presented the proposal for a military wing, initially Moses Kotane disagreed. He argued that: \"There is still room for the old methods if we are imaginative and determined enough.\" Eventually, however, Kotane agreed to the matter being raised with the National Executive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.72298812866211, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Later that month the National Executive met in Durban. Like all ANC meetings at the time, the meeting was secret and held at night in order to avoid the police. Mandela anticipated difficulties. There was no doubt that the timing was poor. At the Treason Trial, the ANC had contended that non-violence was an inviolate principle of the movement, not simply a tactic. He knew, furthermore, that Chief Luthuli's commitment to non-violence was deeply moral and feared his opposition. However, Luthuli was ultimately persuaded. \"If anyone thinks I am a pacifist\", he said, \"let him try to take my chickens, and he will know how wrong he is!\" Luthuli’s suggestion was that the military movement should be a separate and independent organ, linked and under the overall control of the ANC but fundamentally autonomous. In this way the legality of the unbanned allies would not be jeopardised. The NEC agreed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.125301361083984, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The following night, the Joint Executive met in Durban including representatives from the Indian Congress, the Coloured People's Congress, the South African Congress of Trade Unions and the Congress of Democrats. Chief Luthuli opened the meeting by saying that even though the ANC had endorsed the decision on violence, \"it is a matter of such gravity, I would like my colleagues here tonight to consider the issue afresh”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136920928955078, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "For Mandela, this was a sign that the chief was not one hundred percent convinced by his proposal. However, when the session opened at 8pm, Mandela presented his arguments once again. Maulvi Cachalia pleaded with the ANC not to take up arms, arguing that the state would slaughter the whole liberation movement. \"Non-violence has not failed us, we have failed non-violence\", pleaded JN Singh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234335899353027, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela of the ANC and Joe Slovo of the SACP were mandated to form the new military organisation and its high command, separate from the ANC. The policy of the ANC would still be that of non-violence. They were authorised to join with whomever they wanted or needed to create this organisation and they would not be under the direct control of the mother organisation (ANC).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.99842643737793, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "“At the time when MK was formed a decision was taken that it should be an independent organisation. There is however, no certainty as to the precise terms in which the decision was formulated. This enabled the ANC and any of its leaders to deny any involvement in armed activity, while allowing those organising MK to do so in the ANC’s name”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.960356712341309, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In the six or so months between making the decision to form the organisation (June) and the first acts of sabotage (December), the MK high command set up regional commands in the main centres. The people chosen to be part of these commands were chosen either because they had the necessary technical or military skills or because they were members of the Congress Alliance organisations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.178269386291504, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "\"Sacks of permanganate of potash were brought\", wrote Slovo, \"and we spent days with pestles and mortars grinding this substance to a fine powder\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44625186920166, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "• ANC official website (history and documents section). anc.org.za", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513653755187988, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "• African National Congress (undated). The History of Umkhonto weSizwe, timeline. anc.org.za (accessed 12 December 2003).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275690078735352, "source": "search", "title": "uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) | South African History Online" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The history of MK is one of paradox and contradiction, of successes and failures. In this short study, which draws widely on the personal experiences of—and commentary by—MK soldiers, Janet Cherry offers a new and nuanced account of the Spear of the Nation. She presents in broad outline the various stages of MK’s thirty-year history, considers the difficult strategic and moral problems the revolutionary army faced, and argues that its operations are likely to be remembered as a just war conducted with considerable restraint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.086089611053467, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Spear of the Nation" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Following the Wankie and Sipolilo campaigns, the ANC held a decisive national conference at Morogoro in Tanzania in 1969 to deal with the unprecedented level of criticism and dissatisfaction within the organisation. Survivors of the Rhodesian campaigns were...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175223350524902, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Spear of the Nation" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The 1980s, the third decade of the armed struggle, opened up greater opportunities for MK and the ANC than ever before and, at the same time, greater challenges. The new decade began with exciting developments inside South...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.785829544067383, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - Spear of the Nation" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Armed Resistance Movement -  Nelson Mandela", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.138678550720215, "source": "search", "title": "Armed Resistance Movement - Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Armed Resistance Movement", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.875164985656738, "source": "search", "title": "Armed Resistance Movement - Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "After learning that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him, Mandela fled to Johannesburg and worked first as a night watchman and then as a law clerk while completing his bachelor’s degree by correspondence. He studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became involved in the movement against racial discrimination and forged key relationships with black and white activists. In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and worked with fellow party members, including Oliver Tambo, to establish its youth league, the ANCYL. That same year, he met and married his first wife, Evelyn Ntoko Mase (1922-2004), with whom he had four children before their divorce in 1957.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2283935546875, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190061569213867, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela’s commitment to politics and the ANC grew stronger after the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party, which introduced a formal system of racial classification and segregation—apartheid—that restricted nonwhites’ basic rights and barred them from government while maintaining white minority rule. The following year, the ANC adopted the ANCYL’s plan to achieve full citizenship for all South Africans through boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and other nonviolent methods. Mandela helped lead the ANC’s 1952 Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws, traveling across the country to organize protests against discriminatory policies, and promoted the manifesto known as the Freedom Charter, ratified by the Congress of the People in 1955. Also in 1952, Mandela and Tambo opened South Africa’s first black law firm, which offered free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75294303894043, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "On December 5, 1956, Mandela and 155 other activists were arrested and went on trial for treason. All of the defendants were acquitted in 1961, but in the meantime tensions within the ANC escalated, with a militant faction splitting off in 1959 to form the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). The next year, police opened fire on peaceful black protesters in the township of Sharpeville, killing 69 people; as panic, anger and riots swept the country in the massacre’s aftermath, the apartheid government banned both the ANC and the PAC. Forced to go underground and wear disguises to evade detection, Mandela decided that the time had come for a more radical approach than passive resistance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996088027954102, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Nelson Mandela and the Armed Resistance Movement", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.303728103637695, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Under Mandela’s leadership, MK launched a sabotage campaign against the government, which had recently declared South Africa a republic and withdrawn from the British Commonwealth. In January 1962, Mandela traveled abroad illegally to attend a conference of African nationalist leaders in Ethiopia, visit the exiled Oliver Tambo in London and undergo guerilla training in Algeria. On August 5, shortly after his return, he was arrested and subsequently sentenced to five years in prison for leaving the country and inciting a 1961 workers’ strike. The following July, police raided an ANC hideout in Rivonia, a suburb on the outskirts of Johannesburg, and arrested a racially diverse group of MK leaders who had gathered to debate the merits of a guerilla insurgency. Evidence was found implicating Mandela and other activists, who were brought to stand trial for sabotage, treason and violent conspiracy alongside their associates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.668815612792969, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Mandela and seven other defendants narrowly escaped the gallows and were instead sentenced to life imprisonment during the so-called Rivonia Trial, which lasted eight months and attracted substantial international attention. In a stirring opening statement that sealed his iconic status around the world, Mandela admitted to some of the charges against him while defending the ANC’s actions and denouncing the injustices of apartheid. He ended with the following words: “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33304500579834, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "These restrictions and conditions notwithstanding, while in confinement Mandela earned a bachelor of law degree from the University of London and served as a mentor to his fellow prisoners, encouraging them to seek better treatment through nonviolent resistance. He also smuggled out political statements and a draft of his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” published five years after his release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405376434326172, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In 1982 Mandela was moved to Pollsmoor Prison on the mainland, and in 1988 he was placed under house arrest on the grounds of a minimum-security correctional facility. The following year, newly elected president F. W. de Klerk (1936-) lifted the ban on the ANC and called for a nonracist South Africa, breaking with the conservatives in his party. On February 11, 1990, he ordered Mandela’s release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406241416931152, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "After attaining his freedom, Nelson Mandela led the ANC in its negotiations with the governing National Party and various other South African political organizations for an end to apartheid and the establishment of a multiracial government. Though fraught with tension and conducted against a backdrop of political instability, the talks earned Mandela and de Klerk the Nobel Peace Prize in December 1993. On April 26, 1994, more than 22 million South Africans turned out to cast ballots in the country’s first multiracial parliamentary elections in history. An overwhelming majority chose the ANC to lead the country, and on May 10 Mandela was sworn in as the first black president of South Africa, with de Klerk serving as his first deputy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819381713867188, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "On his 80th birthday in 1998, Mandela wed the politician and humanitarian Graça Machel (1945-), widow of the former president of Mozambique. (His marriage to Winnie had ended in divorce in 1992.) The following year, he retired from politics at the end of his first term as president and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki (1942-) of the ANC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34968090057373, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "After leaving office, Nelson Mandela remained a devoted champion for peace and social justice in his own country and around the world. He established a number of organizations, including the influential Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Elders, an independent group of public figures committed to addressing global problems and easing human suffering. In 2002, Mandela became a vocal advocate of AIDS awareness and treatment programs in a culture where the epidemic had been cloaked in stigma and ignorance. The disease later claimed the life of his son Makgatho (1950-2005) and is believed to affect more people in South Africa than in any other country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825363159179688, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Treated for prostate cancer in 2001 and weakened by other health issues, Mandela grew increasingly frail in his later years and scaled back his schedule of public appearances. In 2009, the United Nations declared July 18 “Nelson Mandela International Day” in recognition of the South African leader’s contributions to democracy, freedom, peace and human rights around the world. Nelson Mandela died on December 5, 2013 from a recurring lung infection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173591613769531, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "JOHANNESBURG, March 26— The policy of armed struggle against white minority rule that the African National Congress suspended more than 19 months ago, has re-emerged as the latest obstacle to negotiations between the Government and the congress.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.621500015258789, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "The Government of President F. W. de Klerk has intensified its insistence that the African National Congress renounce armed struggle altogether, disband its guerrillas and disclose its arms caches before an interim government now under discussion can be achieved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.564847946166992, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "African national Congress", "passage": "The African National Congress began its armed struggle from exile in 1961 under conditions that did not favor a war of liberation. Its bases lay far beyond South Africa's borders, and guerrillas infiltrating back were routinely intercepted by South African security forces. Many guerrillas ended up fighting for the congress's friends in Angola and Zimbabwe, as the campaign inside South Africa turned to random terror bombings. The armed struggle, in effect, died out long before the congress announced its suspension.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.029254913330078, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "At its national conference last July, the African National Congress vowed to keep its guerrillas \"combat ready\" until they were integrated into South Africa's armed forces and a nonracist constitution was enacted. Several thousand guerrillas remain in Uganda, Tanzania and several other African countries, where they are being retrained as a conventional army. Symbol of Resistance", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.617281913757324, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The Government has not made clear why it is hammering publicly at an issue that is under private discussion with the congress. President de Klerk may want to show whites, who gave him an overwhelming mandate in a national referendum last week to negotiate change, that he is not giving in to the African National Congress. Or the Government may have adopted a more aggressive stance to counteract the congress's threat last week to unleash crippling new \"mass action\" -- strikes, boycotts and other protests -- unless the Government repeals a tax on basic foodstuffs and yields to an interim government in the next few months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3514404296875, "source": "search", "title": "Pretoria Presses Mandela's Group To Disband Army and Yield ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Increasing surveillance of ANC dissidents and burglaries of journalists and activists point to paranoia at the top", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467530250549316, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Just days before the attack, this group published a memorandum highly critical of President Jacob Zuma 's style of government (AC Vol 57 No 6, Gordhan and Zuma slug it out ). It ran through the familiar charge sheet: December's damaging and arbitrary sacking of Nhlanhla Nene as Finance Minister; the orchestrated harassment of current and previous Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan by the Hawks, the specialist police unit. Then the group declared its support for Mcebisi Jonas, who said that the Gupta family had offered him the post of Finance Minister before Zuma sacked Nene (AC Vol 55 No 11, A loyalist cabinet  and Vol 57 No 4, Zupta Inc. ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245124816894531, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Then came the coup de grâce which removed any ambiguity about the group's intentions. The memo concluded, '…in the light of the many challenges facing the ANC and the state, we further call for the leadership of the ANC to urgently convene a special National Conference.' In today's febrile political climate, the idea of a special ANC conference would have but one aim: to sack Zuma from the presidency, a rerun of the recall of ex-President Thabo Mbeki at the Polokwane National Elective Conference of 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.128554344177246, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "As Ntlemeza is a key ally of Zuma's and has played a leading role in the Hawks' bizarre pursuit of Gordhan for setting up an 'illegal fiscal monitoring unit' at the South African Revenue Service, the Foundation's application has great resonance currently. This month's robbers padlocked the Foundation's security guard to the railings outside the building, then carried away several computers, hard disk drives and paper files. They seemed to have a clear objective.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463263511657715, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Accusations and suspicions extend far beyond these two cases. Senior ANC officials have told Africa Confidential that their telephones are bugged. Some National Executive Committee members said they believed conversations were being monitored by State Security Agency (SSA) officials who pass the information to Zuma's office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389963150024414, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "'Senior ANC members are so paranoid that Number One [Zuma] is listening to them that they prefer not to have conversations on their cell phones,' said a former intelligence officer. An ANC provincial leader said that 'the preferred communication is via WhatsApp. That is the safest. No one can really monitor that.' There is also a long-held belief that state security officers have been used as proxies to settle internal battles in the governing party. Several senior South African Communist Party members, including Blade Nzimande , have complained bitterly that their telephones are being monitored.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22333812713623, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The State Security Minister, David Mahlobo, insists that that the interception of citizens' phone calls 'is lawful and South Africa's intelligence services can only bug people when there is good reason to do so'. Having headed the ANC intelligence organisation during the struggle against apartheid, Zuma knows a lot about surveillance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362110137939453, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The training and assistance ANC intelligence operatives received from East Germany's State Security Ministry, the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, commonly known as the Stasi, instilled a lasting ethic. Zuma takes a close interest in the intelligence chiefs: he ensures they are part of his inner circle, either from KwaZulu-Natal or people who owe him politically.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185895919799805, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Accordingly and at the last minute, the ANC Chief Whip withdrew the Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence's report supporting the appointment. Earlier, the Speaker, Baleka Mbete , had written to all parties, pleading with the opposition to put aside their differences and fill the important post.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38355827331543, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "This was the ANC's third attempt to have the report adopted and the second to end in a withdrawal. The IGI oversees the SSA as well as military and police criminal intelligence, investigates illegal espionage and keeps a check on intelligence operatives both at home and abroad. The post has been vacant for a year and the list of uninvestigated complaints is piling up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.319253921508789, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "State Security Minister Mahlobo had left it to Mbete and the new acting Chief Whip, Dorris Eunice Dlakude, to get cross-party support for their candidate as he has been too busy keeping tabs on the President's detractors before next year's bruising ANC leadership battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46054458618164, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "In January. it emerged that Zuma had met members of the parliamentary Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence and had made it clear he wanted to see former ANC MP Cecil Burgess appointed as IGI. While the Committee recommends a candidate for this powerful post to the President, Zuma has the final say before the recommendation goes to Parliament for ratification or rejection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331664085388184, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Zuma is set on appointing Burgess, who showed his loyalty to him and the ANC when he used his lawyer's wit to steamroll the controversial Protection of State Information Bill – widely derided as the 'secrecy bill' – through Parliament in 2013 (AC Vol 55 No 16, Jobs for the boys – and girls ). Burgess is a former ally of the Cape Town Mayor, Patricia de Lille, and was an MP for her now-defunct party, The Independent Democrats.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375540733337402, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Burgess defected to the ANC in 2005 and rose quickly up the ranks, chairing Parliament's special ad hoc committee on the Information Bill. He also chaired the ad hoc committee that found no wrongdoing on the part of the President when it looked into the spending of taxpayers' money on upgrading his homestead at Nkandla (AC Vol 56 No 5, No-fly zone for legal eagles ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335173606872559, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Burgess is Zuma's favourite for the post on a shortlist of eight that included former MK veterans such as Clinton Davids. In June, the ANC could not get Parliament's approval. Not everyone in the party was happy with the choice: some saw Burgess as a pro-Zuma hawk and others said he had no history in the ANC's underground structures. The Intelligence Committee denied that Zuma has applied pressure over the appointment. Zuma's special pleading was reported in the Committee's confidential proceedings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337372779846191, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The Intelligence Committee is one of the few that meets behind closed doors. Cornelia 'Connie' September, the veteran trades unionist and former Human Settlements Minister who chairs the Committee, argues that opposition politicians don't understand the sensitive nature of the Committee's work. The Democratic Alliance's John Steenhuisen lambasts the selection process, arguing that Burgess isn't qualified for the job. He wants legislation to ensure the post is filled by a retired judge. That would 'prohibit the back-alley lobbying, cadre deployment and political interference', he says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34846019744873, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "The sudden resignation on 2 March of the ANC Chief Whip, Stone Sizani, pointed to the high stakes in the row over the IGI. He was seen as not supporting Burgess's appointment and therefore as hostile to Zuma. The ANC has now referred the matter back to the Committee to 'ensure there is sufficient consultation around the candidate'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348980903625488, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "Politicians across the political divide were shocked by the 2014 appointment of Mahlobo, an unknown civil servant from Mpumalanga who was parachuted in to head the powerful SSA and who, says the SSA website, 'was sent by the ANC to China for Political Education'. In the past, senior ANC National Executive members, such as Lindiwe Sisulu and Ronnie Kasrils, held the portfolio. Mahlobo worked under Kasrils as a Director at the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry from 2002 until Kasrils left in 2004, and for two years thereafter. He is now seen as one of Zuma's closest lieutenants and staunch defenders on the National Executive Committee and shielding Zuma from the Nkandla homestead fiasco. Mhlobo has been vocal about the ANC leadership battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.968497276306152, "source": "search", "title": "Night of the generals | Article | Africa Confidential" }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "in South Africa: Resistance to apartheid", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386234283447266, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "in African National Congress (ANC): Move toward militancy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209559440612793, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." }, { "answer": "ANC", "passage": "...of the African National Congress (banned since 1960). He was actively engaged in the defiance campaign against apartheid in 1952 and was a founder (Nov. 1961) of the sabotage organization known as Umkonto we Ziswe (“Spear of the Nation”). Mandela was one of the accused in the South African treason trial which, with preliminary hearings, lasted from Dec. 1956 to March 1961. He...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.129242897033691, "source": "search", "title": "Umkhonto we Sizwe | South African military organization ..." } ]

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He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime,  In 1979 his remains were laid to rest in his hometown of El Vendrell, Catalonia.", "precise_score": 7.332396030426025, "rough_score": 8.424745559692383, "source": "search", "title": "| Master The Cello" }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "After Pablo's father died, his mother, Dona Pilar, lived for a time in Bonastre, then in an apartment in Barcelona. But she was homesick for Puerto Rico, and nostalgic for earlier, happier years, and she asked Pablo to find a place for her, and for him, to live near the sea. Casals bought a piece of land at the farthest end of the empty beach in San Salvador (and later bought more, until he eventually owned fourteen acres there on the beach). 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He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish government under King Juan Carlos I which, in 1976, issued a commemorative postage stamp to Pau Casals in honour of the centenary of his birth. [17] In 1979 his remains were laid to rest in his hometown of El Vendrell, Catalonia. In 1989, Casals was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . [18]", "precise_score": 7.149291038513184, "rough_score": 7.732743263244629, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "In 1888 his mother, Pilar Defilló de Casals, who was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico of Catalonian ancestry, took him to Barcelona, where he enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música. There he studied cello, theory, and piano. In 1890, when he was 13, he found in a second-hand sheet music store in Barcelona a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites. 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After marrying his third wife in 1957, 20-year-old Marta Montañez y Martinez from Puerto Rico, he resided in the town of Ceiba making an impact in the Puerto Rican music scene, by founding the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra in 1958, and the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.31257152557373, "source": "search", "title": "| Master The Cello" }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "PUERTO RICO HERALD: Celebrating The Legacy Of Casals In His Beachfront Villa", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.593897819519043, "source": "search", "title": "PUERTO RICO HERALD: Celebrating The Legacy Of Casals In ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "In 1888 his mother, Pilar Defilló de Casals, who was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico of Catalonian ancestry, took him to Barcelona , where he enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música. There he studied cello, theory, and piano. He made prodigious progress as a cellist; on February 23, 1891 he gave a solo recital in Barcelona at the age of fourteen. He graduated from the Escola with honours two years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.964360475540161, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals - tititudorancea.net" }, { "answer": "Puerto Rica", "passage": "In 1952, Casals met Marta Montañez Martínez, a young Puerto Rican student that had gone to Spain to participate in the Festival. 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He graduated from the Escola with honours five years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8625195622444153, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rica", "passage": "In 1952, Casals met Marta Angélica Montañez y Martinez , a 17-year-old Puerto Rican student who had gone to Spain to participate in the Festival. Casals was very impressed with her and encouraged her to return to Mannes College of Music in New York to continue her studies. He continued leading the Prades Festivals until 1966.[ citation needed ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3250749111175537, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "  Puerto Rico", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398494720458984, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "Casals first traveled to Puerto Rico in 1955, inaugurating the annual Casals Festival the next year. In 1955 Casals married as his second wife long-time associate Francesca Vidal de Capdevila, who died that same year. On April 3, 1957 (or August 3), at 80, Casals married 20-year-old Marta Montañez y Martinez. [11] They made their permanent residence in the town of Ceiba , and lived in a house called \"El Pesebre\" (The Manger). [12] He made an impact in the Puerto Rican music scene, by founding the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra in 1958, and the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico in 1959.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0621051788330078, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." }, { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "passage": "In Puerto Rico , the Casals Festival is still celebrated annually. There is also a museum dedicated to the life of Casals located in Old San Juan . On October 3, 2009, Sala Sinfonica Pablo Casals, a symphony hall named in Casals' honor, opened in San Juan, Puerto Rico . The $34 million building, designed by Rodolfo Fernandez, is the latest addition to the Centro de Bellas Artes complex. It is the new home of the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.076063871383667, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Casals : definition of Pablo Casals and synonyms of ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Accounting", "passage": "Financial managers can be involved in a range of activities, including planning directing or coordinating the accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities and other financial concerns of a branch, office or department, according to the BLS. Financial managers must usually have a bachelor’s degree and more than five years of experience in another business or financial occupation, such as loan officer, accountant, auditor, securities sales agent or financial analyst. The areas with the highest employment of financial managers per 1,000 jobs are the District of Columbia (10.59 per 1,000), Connecticut (7.54 per 1000), Massachusetts (5.86 per 1,000), New Jersey (5.73 per 1,000) and Rhode Island (5.70 per 1,000).", "precise_score": -7.69735860824585, "rough_score": -9.990655899047852, "source": "search", "title": "The highest paid careers in America today - NBC News" }, { "answer": "Accounting", "passage": "Accounting & Legal fees = $500 per year", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471528053283691, "source": "search", "title": "How Much Money Can A Counselor in Private Practice Make?" }, { "answer": "Accounting", "passage": "1. The “final net revenue” above does not include the cost of health insurance, retirement planning, accounting services, or taxes, which are often partially covered by an employer. These items will detract from your expendable income.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41858196258545, "source": "search", "title": "How Much Money Can A Counselor in Private Practice Make?" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Santander Airport is an international airport near Santander, Spain and the only airport in Cantabria. In 2012 the airport handled 1,117,617 passengers and 17,070 flights, far more than in 1995 when it handled only 180,000 passengers. Since then, the traffic has declined following the trend in Spanish airports and the decrease in operations by some of the companies. ", "precise_score": 8.030326843261719, "rough_score": 8.807562828063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander Airport" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Santander (Seve Ballesteros) Airport, Spain (SDR) - Guide & Flights", "precise_score": 6.355581283569336, "rough_score": 6.710622310638428, "source": "search", "title": "Europe Airports - Santander (SDR)" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Santander Airport, otherwise known as Seve Ballesteros Airport, is located 5Km South of Santander on the Costa verde, in the Cantabria region, northern Spain.", "precise_score": 7.529006481170654, "rough_score": 7.423281192779541, "source": "search", "title": "Europe Airports - Santander (SDR)" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Santander Airport is in the North of Spain and is the only airport in the Cantabria Region. Great for travelling to Bilbao, Gijon, Oviedo, Burgos etc. Should you decide to travel around this wonderful region of Spain, well know for its gastronomy, Im sure you will not be disappointed. Santander is located on the northern coast of Spain between beautiful Asturias and the Basque Country which overlooks the Cantabrian Sea. This part of Spain is beautiful and there is so many historical sites that you must go and see along with wonderful beaches too. So a great place for a weekend away or main holiday.", "precise_score": 7.065098762512207, "rough_score": 5.817741394042969, "source": "search", "title": "Santander Airport Guide - Spanish Airports Guide to ..." }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "The port city of Santander (,; ) is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. Located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao, the city has a population of 178,465 (2013). Santander houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, and is the location of the founding of the namesake company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9958633184432983, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Santander fell victim to a great fire in 1941. Fanned by a strong south wind, the fire burned for two days. The fire started in Cádiz Street, next to the harbour, the Cathedral and the medieval quarter. The fire destroyed the Old Town Hall, Jesús de Monasterio and Vargas streets and Atarazanas square buildings. It led to a major change in the architecture of Santander, away from the older small stone and wood buildings with balconies to the enormous blocks of flats built during the reconstruction. In 1942 the old stations (Estación del Norte and Estación de Bilbao) were demolished and the new station was built, so in the zone affected by the fire, only the old Bank of Spain, the Porticada Square, the Market of La Esperanza, the Post Office, the New Town Hall and some small streets with old buildings survived. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.331534385681152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "In the early 20th century Santander became the favoured summer residence of King Alfonso XIII, who built the Palacio de la Magdalena as the residence of the royal family during the holidays. The city gained great popularity from this and from the 19th century enthusiasm for sea bathing, and it remains popular with the Spanish for beach holidays today. During this period, Santander was (like the rest of the northern cities) a very important economic centre. It had one of the biggest harbours and was connected by rail to the rest of Spain. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.167174816131592, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Humidity is quite high throughout the year and sometimes reaches more than 90%. Average daily maximum temperatures vary from 24 °C in summer down to 13 °C in winter. Summer temperatures are much cooler than in the more southern large cities of Spain, but are typical of the Atlantic coastline. In general however, summers are warmer than further west on the northern coastline. The damp, mild winters are more typical of the mediterranean climate but the frequent precipitation in summer prevents Santander and the northern coast being classified as cool-summer mediterranean, despite having similar temperatures to many such areas. As regards to daytime temperatures, summers in Santander are similar to areas of Northern France, Southern Britain, and continental Northern Europe, and comparable to spring-like conditions along the Spanish mediterranean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.722990989685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Sunshine hours are very low by comparison with the rest of mainland and southern Spain. With just around 1650 hours of sunshine, Santander is about as sunny as London and Paris, and quite a bit less sunny than most of England's south coastal regions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.048218250274658, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Banco Santander, Spain's largest bank and corporation, is headquartered here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.236497163772583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": ", Santander has a population of 183,800. The number has remained fairly steady since 1981. Spain's low fecundity rate and aging population have combined with rising immigration figures to keep the population growth fairly stagnant. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.666767597198486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "España", "passage": "* Santander has many times hosted a finish of stage of the Vuelta a España.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.001232624053955, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander, Spain" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Until 2003 the premises were considered underused due to the limited number of flights and their high fees, which made a shift in potential passengers to the airport of Bilbao, 100 km away. From this date, following an agreement signed between the Government of Cantabria and the budget airline Ryanair, the airport experimented an increase in the number of destinations (national and international), passengers and airlines operating. In 2005 the airport reached 644,662 passengers, growing by 88% over the previous year and having a user balance between domestic and international flights. This increase was the largest proportion of all airports in Spain in that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.434871673583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander Airport" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "The road access by car is from the S-10 highway, exit 3 and then taking the road N-636 that leads to the airport facilities. There is also a regular bus line from Santander's main bus station in the city centre. The line buses from ALSA also stop in the airport prior booking in the routes that connect Santander with other towns in northern Spain like Bilbao, Gijón, Oviedo or Laredo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4959633350372314, "source": "wiki", "title": "Santander Airport" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Apple Pay now available to Banco Santander customers in Spain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3192360401153564, "source": "search", "title": "Santander - Corporate website" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Banco Santander today brings its customers Apple Pay, an easy, secure and private way to pay that’s fast and convenient. Santander is the first Spanish financial institution to offer Apple Pay to its customers. Redsys and Mastercard collaborated in the initiative. “Apple Pay shows we are committed to collaborate and to bring innovation and new technology to our customers to make their payments easier, faster and more secure,” said Rami Aboukhair, country head of Santander Spain. \"We are convinced our customers will love it.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.916475534439087, "source": "search", "title": "Santander - Corporate website" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "28660 Boadilla del Monte MADRID-SPAIN", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175324440002441, "source": "search", "title": "Contact - Santander" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Phone from Spain:  902 11 22 11", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06966781616211, "source": "search", "title": "Contact - Santander" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "28660 Boadilla del Monte MADRID-SPAIN", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175324440002441, "source": "search", "title": "Contact - Santander" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Phone from Spain: 902 11 17 11", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97531509399414, "source": "search", "title": "Contact - Santander" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Nigel Ernest James Mansell, (; born 8 August 1953) is a British former racing driver who won both the Formula One World Championship (1992) and the CART Indy Car World Series (1993). Mansell was the reigning F1 champion when he moved over to CART, becoming the first person to win the CART title in his debut season, and making him the only person to hold both the World Drivers Championship and the American open-wheel National Championship simultaneously.", "precise_score": 9.165502548217773, "rough_score": 9.377613067626953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "There were three video games endorsed by Mansell: Nigel Mansell's Grand Prix (1988, Martech), Nigel Mansell's World Championship (1993, Gremlin Graphics), and Newman/Haas IndyCar (1994). Mansell also appeared as a playable driver for Williams in Codemasters' F1 2013.", "precise_score": 7.280604362487793, "rough_score": 7.771639347076416, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship", "precise_score": 8.806424140930176, "rough_score": 7.813776016235352, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship", "precise_score": 8.806424140930176, "rough_score": 7.813776016235352, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Nigel Ernest James Mansell, CBE (born 8 August 1953 in Upton-upon-Severn, Worcestershire, England) is a British racing driver who won both the Formula One World Championship ( 1992 ) and the CART Indy Car World Series ( 1993 ). Mansell was the reigning F1 champion when he moved over to CART, being the first person to win the CART title in his debut season, making him the only person to hold both titles simultaneously.", "precise_score": 9.181007385253906, "rough_score": 9.100787162780762, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Nigel Mansell driving in the 1993 CART IndyCar World Series", "precise_score": 6.557371139526367, "rough_score": 6.465192794799805, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "1993 was a remarkable year for Newmann Haas Racing. With Michael Andretti leaving the team to drive in F1, Newman Haas brought in defending World Champion Nigel Mansell to fill the open seat... he did not disappoint, winning his first ever Indy Car race in the season opener at Surfers Paradise. A practice crash at Phoenix kept him from making his oval debut, but team mate Mario Andretti became the oldest person to ever win an Indy car race at age 53. At Indy Mario looked like he might get the pole position but was beat late in the day by Arie Luyendyk. Nevertheless, Mario dominated the race, leading a race high 72 laps, but it was Mansell who contended for the win, bringing the car home in third. At Michigan the team mates were untouchable: After setting world closed course speed records, the team swept the race, with Mansell claiming victory in what he called his toughest win ever. Mansell went on to capture the championship before the 1993 F1 Championship was decided - as a result Mansell was concurently the F1 and Indy Car champion!", "precise_score": 6.873345375061035, "rough_score": 7.825125694274902, "source": "search", "title": "1993 Newman-Haas Lola - Indycals Decals" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell was inducted to the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2005. He is the current president of one of the UK's largest Youth Work Charities, UK Youth. He is also President of the IAM (Institute of Advanced Motorists). In September 2014, it was announced that Mansell would be opening a Mitsubishi franchise on Jersey later in the month. In September 2015 the organisers of the Mexican Grand Prix (which was returning to Formula One after a 23-year absence) announced that the final corner of the redesigned Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez circuit would be named after the 1992 Formula One World Champion and winner of the final race at the Mexico City circuit before it was dropped from the Formula One calendar for the 1993 season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.054792881011963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Williams had neglected to tell Mansell that Prost had signed for 1993 at only the second race of the 1992 season in Mexico, a position that Mansell felt would be similar to their days together at Ferrari. To boot, Ayrton Senna had expressed a strong desire to drive for Williams and even offered to drive for them at no salary (only to later be rebuffed as Prost, whose rivalry with the Brazilian was just as intense as the one he had with Mansell, had a clause written into his contract which enabled him to block Senna's effort). Williams decided that there was little sense in paying the high fees Mansell went on to demand. With the original offer revoked, and with the premiere teams already committed to their incumbent drivers, Mansell decided to move on. An eleventh hour offer was made to him at the Italian Grand Prix, but by then the damage was done; Mansell retired from F1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4929704666137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell then signed with Newman/Haas Racing to pair with Mario Andretti in the CART series, replacing Mario's son Michael who moved to F1 and McLaren. At the season opener at Surfers Paradise, Australia, he became the first \"rookie\" to take pole position and win his first race. A few weeks later however, he suffered a substantial crash at the Phoenix International Raceway, severely injuring his back. At the 1993 Indianapolis 500, Mansell would lead the race only to finish third after losing the lead to Emerson Fittipaldi and Arie Luyendyk after a poor restart. On his 40th birthday, however, Mansell would avenge his loss at Indianapolis to score a 500-mile race victory at Michigan, considered by many a tougher 500 mile race to win. He would go on to score five wins for the 1993 CART season, which, with more high-placed finishes, was good enough to earn him the championship. This enabled Mansell to become the only driver in history to hold both the Formula One and CART championships at the same time, because when he won the 1993 CART championship he was still the reigning F1 world champion, with the 1993 F1 championship not yet having been decided.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9586367607116699, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Following this successful season in CART, Mansell received several awards, including a Gold Medal from the Royal Automobile Club and the 1993 ESPY Award for Best Driver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.817461967468262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "In , after the CART season ended, Mansell returned to F1 and rejoined the Williams team. Since he had left it in 1993, the team had undergone some significant changes. Damon Hill had been promoted from test driver and was running full-time in one Renault. Prost, Mansell's replacement, won the 1993 driver's championship and then retired after the season. This allowed Williams and Ayrton Senna to finally work out an agreement, and the team received a new sponsor in Rothmans International for a season in which they were expected to repeat as champions. However, Senna struggled early in the season and then was killed in a crash at Imola.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.14113187789917, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell took part in the 1993 TOCA Shootout, held at Donington Park. Mansell drove a Ford Mondeo with his usual red number 5. The race ended in disaster for Mansell; he was knocked unconscious following a crash with 6 laps remaining. He lost control of his car through the exit of the Old Hairpin, over-corrected the slide and collided with Tiff Needell's Vauxhall Cavalier, resulting in a spin and a heavy impact with the tyre wall under the bridge. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5212901830673218, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Although teams in motor racing series are generally allocated numbers, for many years Mansell has been associated with the number 5. This began when he joined Williams in 1985 and was allocated car number 5. For the first four races of the 1985 season, both Williams cars had white numbers, but from a distance the numerals \"5\" and \"6\" resembled each other. As a consequence, it was decided to give Mansell's car a red number to make it more distinctive. While this was initially just for recognition, BBC F1 commentator Murray Walker began describing Mansell's car as \"Red Five\", leading to Mansell retaining the red coloured number throughout his first spell at Williams. On his return to the team in 1991, Williams had retained the number 5 car, allowing Mansell to race as \"Red Five\" once again. After his departure to Indy Car Racing in 1993 to drive for Newman/Haas, he again retained the red number 5. When he returned to Williams for four races in 1994 the team's numbers were 0 and 2 as they had won the Drivers' and Constructors' titles in 1993 but would not run #1 as Alain Prost had retired. Damon Hill drove car #0 while Mansell raced the #2 with the number on the nose of the car painted red. So associated with the red 5 is Mansell that, in 2004, he purchased a yacht from Sunseeker, one of his longtime sponsors, which he named Red 5. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.888906478881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nigel Mansell" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Only three other drivers managed to reign both series and all of them come close to being or just simply are stuff of legend - Mario Andretti, Emerson Fittipaldi and Jacques Villeneuve, but Mansell was the only one winning the two championships back to back, resulting in being champion at both at once with the 1993 F1 World Championship not being decided yet by the time he already won the IndyCar title the same year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.965750217437744, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Frank Williams is not an easy man to deal with, nor Nigel Mansell. Together they were like mixing two different, highly explosive material. Still, both are quite magnificent in their own way, which ultimately lead to Mansell winning the 1992 Formula One World Championship with the team (helped by the super-gizmo active suspension system ) after having spent 12 years in the series. But push comes to shove, the two people eventually fell out and Mansell left Williams’ team as the latter wished to sign Alain Prost as his team mate. These two have already been together at Ferrari in 1990 and having had a quite strained relationship back then, Mansell decided to bow out. [Note: Ironically, after Prost joined Williams and won the championship in 1993, he, too, left Williams for the same reason as Senna was signed for 1994. Their earlier, stressful relationship at McLaren is widely documented and is one of the most cited periods of all F1's history.]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.403544902801514, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "While Senna was driving the 1992 Penske Chevy just for kicks against Emerson Fittipaldi’s car for the 1993 season, Mansell was testing the 1993 Lola Ford hard for the upcoming season. A season that included drivers like Mario Andretti, A.J. Foyt, Eddie Cheever, Emerson Fittipaldi, Paul Tracy, Al Unser, Jr., Bobby Rahal, Jimmy Vasser, etc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.411639213562012, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Securing the 1993 title in IndyCar, he was now double champion, but unfortunately he was never able to repeat his success. Although he scored a few pole positions and fastest laps, he never won a race again. He returned to Formula One to help out Williams at the French Grand Prix following Senna’s death, just between the Oregon and Cleveland races, and once the Indy season was done, he bid farewell to the series and raced in the last three Formula One races, winning the Australian Grand Prix, his last ever victory. He had a brief comeback in 1995 with McLaren, but the legend of the “Red 5\" was already a thing of the past, yet an unrepeatable stuff of legend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2646384239196777, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell's 1993 IndyCar Championship - Oppositelock" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "His 1989 debut with Ferrari began with a win in Rio and throughout the season he flogged his Ferrari for all it was worth, endearing himself to the fanatical Italian tifosi who called their moustachioed British hero 'Il Leone' (The Lion). At the Hungaroring, where overtaking is supposed to be impossible and where he had qualified a seemingly hopeless 12th, Mansell stormed through the field, scraped past Senna's McLaren in a breathtaking manoeuvre and won the race. In 1990 the wheels came off Mansell's Ferrari bandwagon when Prost became his team mate and out-manoeuvred him politically. At Silverstone the 'British Bulldog' theatrically threw his gloves into the adoring crowd and announced he was retiring at the end of the season. A couple of months later he made a U-turn and announced he was returning to Williams. In 1991 he won five times in the Williams-Renault but lost out on reliability to McLaren's Senna, who took the title. The next year Mansell dominated, winning nine of the 16 races in his Williams-Renault FW14B, but shortly after he was declared the 1992 World Champion he again announced his retirement. His grievances with Williams included a dispute over money and anger that the despised Prost might be his 1993 team mate. Williams offered a last-minute incentive of whatever conditions he wanted but Mansell stalked off to IndyCar racing in America, where he immediately dominated, even on the unfamiliar high speed ovals, and became the 1993 IndyCar champion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.723316192626953, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - 1992 - Formula 1" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell has driven with the Williams-Renault team the last two seasons, but did not reach an agreement with the owner, FRANK WILLIAMS, on a new contract for 1993. (AP)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.494259357452393, "source": "search", "title": "SPORTS PEOPLE - AUTO RACING - Mansell Is Switching To Indy ..." }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "1985 was the year when the story about the 'Red 5' began. It was the number which has been associated with Mansell for many years in his F1 career. He got the car number 5 when he joined Williams; to make it more distinctive from car number 6, it was decided that Mansell would be given a red number. BBC F1 commentator Murray Walker was the first who described Mansell's car as the \"Red Five\", and the legend was born. Upon his return to the team in 1991, Williams had retained the number 5 car, allowing Mansell to race as the \"Red Five\" once again. After his departure to Indy Car Racing in 1993 to drive for Newman/Haas, he still retained the signature red number 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.538909912109375, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell profile on SnapLap" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Despite being the world champion, Mansell left the championship because of a disagreement with Williams. The main reason was the fact that Williams signed Alain Prost for the 1993 season. Mansell still had a bitter taste in his mouth from their bad days in Ferrari and didn't want to drive with Prost as the team-mate. Mansell then signed with Newman/Haas Racing to pair up with Mario Andretti in the CART Indy Car World series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.595211029052734, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell profile on SnapLap" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "His debut was fantastic; at the season opener at Surfers Paradise, Australia, he became the first \"rookie\" to take pole position and win his first race. He scored five wins in the 1993 CART season and clinched the title, ahead of Emerson Fittipaldi .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.379557609558105, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell profile on SnapLap" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "In 1994, after the CART season ended, Mansell returned to Williams one more time. In the meantime, Alain prost won the 1993 drivers' championship and then retired after the season. Mansell took over Ayrton Senna's car, who was, unfortunately, killed earlier in the season. Mansell's team-mate was Damon Hill . Mansell's return was aided by Bernie Ecclestone, who wanted the world champion in the series to increase worldwide TV viewing. Mansell was a superstar and he was paid like a superstar, approximately £900,000 per race, compared to his teammate Hill, who was being paid £300,000 for the entire season. 40-year-old Mansell participated in four races and scored his last F1 victory, at Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.106298446655273, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell profile on SnapLap" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.960077285766602, "source": "search", "title": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series - champcarstats.com" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.960077285766602, "source": "search", "title": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series - champcarstats.com" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Most race fans know that I was F1 world champion in 1992 and IndyCar champion in 1993, but there’s so much more to tell you about my career. This is why we started The Mansell Collection on the Island of Jersey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.6303791999816895, "source": "search", "title": "The Mansell Collection - Nigel Mansell CBE" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Most race fans know that I was F1 world champion in 1992 and IndyCar champion in 1993, but there’s so much more to tell you about my career. This is why we started The Mansell Collection on the Island of Jersey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.6303791999816895, "source": "search", "title": "The Mansell Collection - Nigel Mansell CBE" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Williams had neglected to tell Mansell that Prost had signed for 1993 at only the second race of the 1992 season in Mexico, a position that Mansell felt would be similar to their days together at Ferrari. To boot, Williams had Senna offering to drive the second car for free (although Senna found later he couldn't because of Prost's clause in his contract allowing him to veto the move) and decided that there was little sense in paying the high fees Mansell went on to demand. With the original offer revoked, Mansell with no teams near the competitiveness of Williams decided that enough was enough. An eleventh hour offer was handed to him during a televised press conference at the Italian Grand Prix, but by then the damage was done; Mansell ignored the document and announced that he had retired from F1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0710883140563965, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell consequently left to join the Newman/Haas CART team in 1993. He took over the seat of Michael Andretti , who coincidentally had left CART to race in Formula One for McLaren . At the season opener at Surfers Paradise , Australia, he became the first \"rookie\" to take pole position and win his first race. A few weeks later however, he suffered a substantial crash at the Phoenix International Raceway , severely injuring his back. At the 1993 Indianapolis 500 , Mansell would lead the race only to finish third after losing the lead to Emerson Fittipaldi and Arie Luyendyk after a poor restart. On his 40th birthday, however, Mansell would avenge his loss at Indianapolis to score a 500-mile race victory at Michigan, considered by many a tougher 500 mile race to win. He would go on to score five wins for the 1993 CART season, which, with more high-placed finishes, was good enough to earn him the championship. This enabled Mansell to become the only driver in history to hold both the Formula One and CART championships at the same time, because when he won the 1993 CART championship he was still the reigning F1 world champion, with the 1993 F1 championship not yet having been decided.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.07924169301986694, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Following this successful season in CART, Mansell received several awards, including a Gold Medal from the Royal Automobile Club and the 1993 ESPY Award for Best Driver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.817461967468262, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "Mansell took part in the 1993 TOCA Shootout, held at Donington Park. Mansell drove a Ford Mondeo with his usual red number 5. The race ended in disaster for Mansell; he was knocked unconscious following a crash with 6 laps remaining. [24] He lost control of his car through the exit of the Old Hairpin, over-corrected the slide and collided with Tiff Needell 's Nissan , resulting in a spin and a heavy impact with the tyre wall under the bridge. [25]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3242650628089905, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "There were two video games endorsed by Mansell: Nigel Mansell's Grand Prix (1988, Martech) and Nigel Mansell's World Championship (1993, Gremlin Graphics).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.9956841468811035, "source": "search", "title": "Nigel Mansell - Autopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "1993", "passage": "1993 Newman Haas Lola decals", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317304611206055, "source": "search", "title": "1993 Newman-Haas Lola - Indycals Decals" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 28th Vice President of the United States (1913–21) under Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Indiana Democratic Party by stumping across the state for other candidates and organizing party rallies that later helped him win election as the 27th Governor of Indiana. In office, he proposed a controversial and progressive state constitution and pressed for other progressive era reforms. The Republican minority used the state courts to block the attempt to change the constitution.", "precise_score": 4.632506370544434, "rough_score": 1.1796855926513672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Thomas R. Marshall, (born March 14, 1854, North Manchester, Ind., U.S.—died June 1, 1925, Washington, D.C.), 28th vice president of the United States (1913–21) in the Democratic administration of President Woodrow Wilson . He was the first vice president in almost a century to serve two terms in office. A popular public official, he was heard to make the oft-quoted remark: “What this country needs is a really good five-cent cigar.”", "precise_score": 7.2932024002075195, "rough_score": 5.4840087890625, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall | vice president of United States ..." }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Thomas Riley Marshall, U.S. vice president and oft-quoted wit, served two terms in office under President Woodrow Wilson. Born in North Manchester, Indiana, Marshall practiced law in Columbia City, became active in the Indiana Democratic Party, and in 1908 was elected governor. During the next several years, Marshall's extensive program for social and labor reform attracted national attention. In 1912 he was elected 28th vice president. Marshall's irreverent and self-deprecating humor made him one of America's most popular vice presidents, and he was the first holder of that office in 80 years to be elected to a second term. Although his most famous quote was not original to him, it remains the one for which he has been immortalized: \"What this country needs is a really good five-cent cigar.\" [1]", "precise_score": 5.935311317443848, "rough_score": 1.2322345972061157, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Senate: Marshall, Thomas R." }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 28th Vice President of the United States (1913–1921) under Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Indiana Democratic Party by stumping across the state for other candidates and organizing party rallies that later helped him win election as the 27th Governor of Indiana. In office, he proposed a controversial and progressive state constitution and pressed for other progressive era reforms. The Republican minority used the state courts to block the attempt to change the constitution.", "precise_score": 4.72769832611084, "rough_score": 0.9765501022338867, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Thomas Riley Marshall was an American Democratic politician who served as the 28th Vice President of the United States (1913–1921) under Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Indiana Democratic Party by stumping across the state for other candidates and organizing party rallies that later helped him win election as the 27th Governor of Indiana.…  Read More", "precise_score": 5.662726402282715, "rough_score": 1.5897842645645142, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall (Vice President) - Pics, Videos, Dating ..." }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "For many years, the vice president was given few responsibilities. Garret Hobart, the first vice president under William McKinley, was one of the very few vice presidents at this time who played an important role in the administration. A close confidant and adviser of the president, Hobart was called \"Assistant President.\" However, until 1919, vice presidents were not included in meetings of the President's Cabinet. This precedent was broken by President Woodrow Wilson when he asked Thomas R. Marshall to preside over Cabinet meetings while Wilson was in France negotiating the Treaty of Versailles. President Warren G. Harding also invited his vice president, Calvin Coolidge, to meetings. The next vice president, Charles G. Dawes, did not seek to attend Cabinet meetings under President Coolidge, declaring that \"the precedent might prove injurious to the country.\" Vice President Charles Curtis was also precluded from attending by President Herbert Hoover.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6118464469909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vice President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "The Indiana constitution prevented Marshall from serving a consecutive term as governor. He made plans to run for a United States Senate seat after his term ended, but another opportunity presented itself during his last months as governor. Although he did not attend the 1912 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, his name was put forward as Indiana's choice for president. He was suggested as a compromise nominee, but William Jennings Bryan and his delegates endorsed Woodrow Wilson over Champ Clark, securing the nomination for Wilson. Indiana's delegates lobbied to have Marshall named the vice presidential candidate in exchange for supporting Wilson. Indiana was an important swing state, and Wilson hoped that Marshall's popularity would help him carry it in the general election. He had his delegates support Marshall, giving him the vice presidential nomination. Marshall privately turned down the nomination, assuming the job would be boring given its limited role. He changed his mind after Wilson assured him that he would be given plenty of responsibilities. During the campaign, Marshall traveled across the United States delivering speeches. The Wilson–Marshall ticket easily won the 1912 election because of the division between the Republican Party and the Progressive Party.Gugin 2006, p. 240.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.419032096862793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "The Marshalls never officially adopted Morrison because they believed that to go through the procedure while his parents were still living would appear unusual to the public. Wanting to keep the situation private, they instead made a special arrangement with his parents. President Wilson felt obliged to acknowledge the boy as theirs and sent the couple a note that simply said, \"With congratulations to the baby. Wilson\". Morrison lived with the Marshalls for the rest of his life. In correspondence they referred to him as Morrison Marshall, but in person they called him Izzy. Lois took him to see many doctors and spent all her available time trying to nurse him back to health, but his condition worsened and he died in February 1920, just before his fourth birthday. His death devastated Marshall, who wrote in his memoir that Izzy \"was and is and ever will be so sacred to me ...\".Bennett 2007, p. 298.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121002197265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "President Wilson experienced a mild stroke in September 1919. On October 2, he was struck by a much more severe stroke that left him partially paralyzed and almost certainly incapacitated. Gray 1977, p. 302. Wilson's closest adviser, Joseph Tumulty, did not believe Marshall would be a suitable president and took precautions to prevent him from assuming the presidency. Wilson's wife Edith strongly disliked Marshall because of what she called his \"uncouthed\" disposition, and also opposed his assumption of the presidency.Feerick 1992, p. 13. Tumulty and the First Lady believed that an official communication from Wilson's staff on his condition would allow Marshall to trigger the constitutional mechanism allowing him to become acting president, and made sure no such communication occurred. After Marshall demanded to know Wilson's status so that he could prepare for the possibility of becoming president, they had a reporter from the Baltimore Sun brief Marshall and inform him that Wilson was near death. Marshall later said that \"it was the first great shock of my life\", but without an official communication on Wilson's condition, he didn't believe he could constitutionally assume the presidency.Bennett 2007, p. 243. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.26366138458252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Marshall was known for his quick wit and a good sense of humor. On hearing of his nomination as vice president, he announced that he was not surprised, as \"Indiana is the mother of Vice Presidents; home of more second-class men than any other state\".Boller 2004, p. 198. One of his favorite jokes was about a woman with two sons, one of whom went to sea and one of whom was elected vice president; neither was ever heard of again. On his election as vice president, he sent Woodrow Wilson a book, inscribed \"From your only Vice\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6426215171813965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "The situation that arose after the incapacity of President Wilson, for which Marshall's vice-presidency is most remembered, revived the national debate on the process of presidential succession. The topic was already being discussed when Wilson left for Europe, which influenced him to allow Marshall to conduct cabinet meetings in his absence. Wilson's incapacity during 1919 and the lack of action by Marshall made it a major issue. The constitutional flaws in the process of presidential succession had been known since the death of President William Henry Harrison in 1841, but little progress had been made passing a constitutional amendment to remedy the problem. Nearly fifty years later, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed, allowing the vice president to assume the presidential powers and duties any time the president was rendered incapable of carrying out the powers and duties of the office. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1093854904174805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Woodrow Wilson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047515869140625, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall | vice president of United States ..." }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Vice - President under Woodrow Wilson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.562128782272339, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Marshall: Vice-President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Born on March 14, 1854, in North Manchester, Indiana, Thomas R. Marshall worked as a lawyer for more than three decades before being elected as his home state’s governor in 1908. He then served as vice president under the Woodrow Wilson administration from 1913 to 1921 for two terms, though the two didn’t have a close rapport. Marshall later returned to law. He died on June 1, 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.723993301391602, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall - U.S. Vice President, Governor, Lawyer ..." }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "In October 1919, President Wilson suffered a paralytic stroke that left him virtually incapacitated. Because the Constitution did not yet specify exactly how the vice president was to assume the duties of the president in such cases, Marshall feared that any actions he took would appear overly ambitious or disloyal, so he passively allowed others to provide leadership for the nation in Wilson's stead. At the end of his term, Marshall returned to Indiana and served on the Federal Coal Commission. He died while visiting Washington, D.C., in 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.744117736816406, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Senate: Marshall, Thomas R." }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "The Indiana constitution prevented Marshall from serving a consecutive term as governor. He made plans to run for a United States Senate seat after his term ended, but another opportunity presented itself during his last months as governor. Although he did not attend the 1912 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, his name was put forward as Indiana's choice for president. He was suggested as a compromise nominee, but William Jennings Bryan and his delegates endorsed Woodrow Wilson over Champ Clark, securing the nomination for Wilson. Indiana's delegates lobbied to have Marshall named the vice presidential candidate in exchange for supporting Wilson. Indiana was an important swing state, and Wilson hoped that Marshall's popularity would help him carry it in the general election. He had his delegates support Marshall, giving him the vice presidential nomination. Marshall privately turned down the nomination, assuming the job would be boring given its limited role. He changed his mind after Wilson assured him that he would be given plenty of responsibilities. During the campaign, Marshall traveled across the United States delivering speeches. The Wilson–Marshall ticket easily won the 1912 election because of the division between the Republican Party and the Progressive Party.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.500767707824707, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "The Marshalls never officially adopted Morrison because they believed that to go through the procedure while his parents were still living would appear unusual to the public. Wanting to keep the situation private, they instead made a special arrangement with his parents. President Wilson felt obliged to acknowledge the boy as theirs and sent the couple a note that simply said, \"With congratulations to the baby. Wilson.\" Morrison lived with the Marshalls for the rest of his life. In correspondence they referred to him as Morrison Marshall, but in person they called him Izzy. Lois took him to see many doctors and spent all her available time trying to nurse him back to health, but his condition worsened and he died in February 1920, just before his fourth birthday. His death devastated Marshall, who wrote in his memoir that Izzy \"was and is and ever will be so sacred to me ...\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.142414093017578, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "President Wilson experienced a mild stroke in September 1919. On October 2, he was struck by a much more severe stroke that left him partially paralyzed and almost certainly incapacitated. Wilson's closest adviser, Joseph Tumulty, did not believe Marshall would be a suitable president and took precautions to prevent him from assuming the presidency. Wilson's wife Edith strongly disliked Marshall because of what she called his \"uncouthed\" disposition, and also opposed his assumption of the presidency. Tumulty and Edith believed that an official communication from Wilson's staff on his condition would allow Marshall to trigger the constitutional mechanism allowing him to become acting president, and made sure no such communication occurred.[88][89] After Marshall demanded to know Wilson's status so that he could prepare for the possibility of becoming president, they had a reporter from the Baltimore Sun brief Marshall and inform him that Wilson was near death. Marshall later said that \"it was the first great shock of my life\", but without an official communication on Wilson's condition, he didn't believe he could constitutionally assume the presidency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35202407836914, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "Marshall was known for his quick wit and a good sense of humor. On hearing of his nomination as vice president, he announced that he was not surprised, as \"Indiana is the mother of Vice Presidents; home of more second-class men than any other state.\" One of his favorite jokes was about a woman with two sons, one of whom went to sea and one of whom was elected vice president; neither was ever heard of again. On his election as vice president, he sent Woodrow Wilson a book, inscribed \"From your only Vice.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.686173439025879, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "President wilson", "passage": "The situation that arose after the incapacity of President Wilson, for which Marshall's vice-presidency is most remembered, revived the national debate on the process of presidential succession. The topic was already being discussed when Wilson left for Europe, which influenced him to allow Marshall to conduct cabinet meetings in his absence. Wilson's incapacity during 1919 and the lack of action by Marshall made it a major issue. The constitutional flaws in the process of presidential succession had been known since the death of President William Henry Harrison in 1841, but little progress had been made passing a constitutional amendment to remedy the problem. Nearly fifty years later, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed, allowing the vice president to assume the presidency any time the president was rendered incapable of carrying out the duties of the office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.143105983734131, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President of the USA" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "MARSHALL, Thomas Riley, a Vice President of the United States; born in North Manchester, Wabash County, Ind., March 14, 1854; attended the common schools and graduated from Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., in 1873; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1875 and commenced practice in Columbia City, Ind.; Governor of Indiana 1909-1913; elected, as a Democrat, Vice President of the United States on the ticket with Woodrow Wilson in 1912 and inaugurated on March 4, 1913; reelected in 1916 and served until March 3, 1921; resumed the practice of law and literary work in Indianapolis, Ind.; member of the Federal Coal Commission 1922-1923; died in Washington, D.C., June 1, 1925; interment in Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.06491626799106598, "source": "search", "title": "MARSHALL, Thomas Riley - Biographical Information" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "That young man became a successful attorney, Indiana governor and two-term vice president under Woodrow Wilson. Thomas R. Marshall reminisced about the Lincoln-Douglas debate experience in his 1925 autobiography Recollections: A Hoosier Salad, noting that it pleased him “to think that perhaps in a small way something of the love of Lincoln and of Douglas for the Union, the constitution and the rights of the common man flowed into my childish veins.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2728095054626465, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall — Indiana Historical Society" }, { "answer": "Woodrow Wilson", "passage": "As he had been during the fight between Indiana Democrats for governor, Marshall was in the right place at the right time at the Democratic National Convention in 1912. New Jersey Gov. Woodrow Wilson had captured the party’s presidential nomination after 46 ballots. Wilson’s two opponents – Champ Clark and Oscar Underwood – refused offers to run for vice president, and Wilson agreed to Marshall’s selection as his running mate. The Democrats themselves took advantage of a split in the GOP, defeating incumbent President William Howard Taft and “Bull Moose” candidate Theodore Roosevelt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.60188627243042, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas R. Marshall — Indiana Historical Society" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1987", "passage": "Held at The Belfry in Europe, the 1989 Ryder Cup saw the rising of tensions in the series. After holding the cup for more than two decades, the United States team lost both the 1985 and 1987 matches. At the 1989 matches, the pressure was on the United States team and its captain, Raymond Floyd. At a pre-match opening celebration, Floyd slighted the European team by introducing his United States team as \"the 12 greatest players in the world.\"", "precise_score": 0.27790117263793945, "rough_score": 2.144639253616333, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryder Cup" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "After a touch and go encounter in 1983, the Europeans recorded a famous victory in 1985 at The Belfry, then won for the first time on American soil in 1987 and retained the trophy after a tie in 1989. Fortunes swung to the Americans in 1991 and 1993 but back to the Europeans in 1995 and 1997. The Americans won at home in 1999 by the narrowest of margins but Europe regained the trophy at The Belfry in 2002.", "precise_score": 0.7663425803184509, "rough_score": -2.5818426609039307, "source": "search", "title": "Ryder Cup Facts - PGAs of Europe | Home of the PGAE" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "In the United States, the Ryder Cup was not televised live until the 1983 matches in Florida, which was covered by ABC Sports for the singles matches only. Additionally, only the final four holes were covered. A highlight package of the 1985 singles matches was produced by ESPN, but no live coverage aired from England. In 1987, with the matches back in the United States, ABC covered both weekend days, but only in the late afternoon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.521144866943359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryder Cup" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "5th (3%) - Olazabal's jig of delight as Europe win in the USA for the first time - 1987", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.28685188293457, "source": "search", "title": "Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you - BBC Sport" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "1987: Europe claim first win in US", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.091739654541016, "source": "search", "title": "Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you - BBC Sport" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "1987", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123023986816406, "source": "search", "title": "Ryder Cup History, History of the Ryder Cup - Ryder Cup 2014" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "Spanish matadors – Severiano Ballestereros hugs his youthful Spanish compatriot Jose Maria Olazabal as their incredible partnership got underway during the 1987 match at Muirfield Village.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416061401367188, "source": "search", "title": "The Ryder Cup: Nothing to play for but pride - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "When rookie Jose Maria Olazabal and Ballesteros led from the front to help Europe to their first win on U.S. soil in the 1987 match at Muirfield Village, the transformation of the event into a clash like no other was finally complete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.76922082901001, "source": "search", "title": "The Ryder Cup: Nothing to play for but pride - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "1987", "passage": "\"That 1987 Ryder Cup was very special to me -- it made me realize how special the event was and I fell in love with it straight away,\" he told CNN.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.570714950561523, "source": "search", "title": "The Ryder Cup: Nothing to play for but pride - CNN.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Cabin crew member", "Air Hostess", "Air steward", "Flight attendent", "Flight Attendant", "Flight attendants", "Air hostess", "Airhostess", "Airline hostess", "Flight Attendance", "Flight attendant", "Cabin attendant", "Airline stewardess", "Inflight crew", "Cabin Service Director", "Airline steward", "Air stewardess", "Cabin Service Manager", "Flight steward", "Cabin crew", "Stewardess", "Stewardesses" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "flight attendants", "flight attendent", "flight attendant", "cabin service director", "cabin crew", "flight attendance", "airline stewardess", "stewardesses", "air stewardess", "cabin service manager", "airline steward", "cabin crew member", "air steward", "air hostess", "stewardess", "cabin attendant", "airhostess", "airline hostess", "inflight crew", "flight steward" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "air hostess", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Air Hostess" }

[ { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Ellen Church (September 22, 1904 – August 22, 1965) was the first female flight attendant.", "precise_score": 7.748452663421631, "rough_score": 8.68368148803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Airline stewardess", "passage": "On this day, May 15, 1930, Ellen Church became the first the world’s first airline stewardess, aboard a Boeing Air Transport (the precursor to the modern United Airlines) flight from Oakland, California, to Chicago, Illinois.", "precise_score": 3.850280284881592, "rough_score": 5.760915279388428, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church, first stewardess - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Ellen Church: America's First Stewardess", "precise_score": 4.973390102386475, "rough_score": 5.501646041870117, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church: America's First Stewardess" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Ellen Church (1904-1965) of Cresco, Iowa, became the nation's first stewardess. While working as a registered nurse in San Francisco, Church was also learning to fly. The desire to combine her two loves led her to meet with Steve Stimpson, traffic manager for Boeing Air Transport (predecessor to United Air Lines). Stimpson thought it would be a good idea to have a nurse on board for emergencies.", "precise_score": 5.291308879852295, "rough_score": 5.107631683349609, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church: America's First Stewardess" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "A year later, 1930, a local girl, Ellen Church, was instrumental in organizing a Stewardess Service with the Boeing Company. Miss Church felt that institutional training should be combined with aviation. The Boeing Company was the first in the history of aviation to employ women as members of their flying force, and it was also the first to engage institutionally trained women as a third member of their crew.", "precise_score": 5.2377729415893555, "rough_score": 6.88267707824707, "source": "search", "title": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Ellen Church (September 22, 1904 – August 22, 1965) was the first female flight attendant", "precise_score": 7.741334438323975, "rough_score": 8.704354286193848, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Marshall (Church) (1904 - 1965) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "May 15, 1930: Ellen Church, America’s first stewardess, works her first flight", "precise_score": 4.8945393562316895, "rough_score": 5.932984352111816, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Church was born in Cresco, Iowa. After graduating from Cresco High School, Church studied nursing and worked in a San Francisco hospital. She was a pilot and a registered nurse. Steve Stimpson, the manager of the San Francisco office of Boeing Air Transport (BAT), would not hire her as a pilot, but did pass along her suggestion to put nurses on board airplanes to calm the public's fear of flying. In 1930, BAT hired Church as head stewardess, and she recruited seven others for a three-month trial period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.661538124084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "The stewardesses, or \"sky girls\" as BAT called them, had to be registered nurses, \"single, younger than 25 years old; weigh less than 115 pounds [52 kg]; and stand less than 5 feet, 4 inches tall [1.63 m]\". In addition to attending to the passengers, they were expected to, when necessary, help with hauling luggage, fueling and assisting pilots to push the aircraft into hangars. However, the salary was good: $125 a month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277262687683105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Church became the first stewardess to fly (though not the first flight attendant, as German Heinrich Kubis had preceded her in 1912). On May 15, 1930, she embarked on a Boeing 80A for a 20-hour flight from Oakland/San Francisco to Chicago with 13 stops and 14 passengers. According to one source, the pilot was another aviation pioneer, Elrey Borge Jeppesen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.026763916015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "A hero is someone you admire, someone with many accomplishments, someone ambitious. Ellen Church fulfills all of these qualities. A hero should be someone strong who strives to achieve their goals. Ellen Church persevered and ended up creating job opportunities for many people. By starting �sky girls,� now known as flight attendants, Ellen Church changed the world, giving the public a new calm when flying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.43605363368988037, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "In 1930 Ellen Church began �sky girls� to promote air travel, and in the process, helped young girls earn much needed pay. �It was the beginning of the Depression, and a job was a job. Flying was a new thing. People would line up to see us come in,� said Margaret Arnott, 83, one of the original eight flight attendants. With the help of Boeing Air Transport�s (BAT) Stephen Stimpson, this idea became the new reality and trend of all airlines. However when Ellen Church first approached Stephen Stimpson, being a �sky girl� wasn�t exactly what she had in mind. �Church actually wanted to become a pilot,� said Claudia Oakes, curator of aeronautics at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.068207263946533, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Church did not become discouraged by being rejected, and immediately proposed her idea of starting to place nurses on planes to ease the public�s fear of flying. Stephen Stimpson agreed to this and decided to give �sky girls� a three month trial run. On May 15, 1930, Ellen Church and seven other registered nurses boarded the first flight ever to have flight attendants. The plane traveled from San Francisco to Chicago in 20 hours, stopping in 13 airports to collect more passengers and re-fuel. The sky girls were a hit. Within the next few years almost every airline followed BAT�s lead and introduced their passengers to flight attendants. Although it may seem to have been glamorous being able to travel all the time, it was not an easy job at all. It required dedication and attention to detail to make sure that their passengers were as comfortable and safe as possible. They not only assisted passengers, but they also hauled luggage on board, screwed down loose seats, fueled the planes, and helped pilots to push planes into hangers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.326343536376953, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "At this time flight attendants were required to retire by age 31, however, this is not why Ellen Church stopped just after 18 months. She was grounded from an auto accident. During this time she completed her Bachelors Degree from the University of Minnesota and resumed her nursing career. In 1936 she became the supervisor of pediatrics at Milwaukee County Hospital. She left her job in 1942 to become a captain in the Army Nurse Corps, Air Evacuation Service for WWII. Ellen Church was eager to serve her country and thus earned an Air Medal for her wartime heroics in North Africa, Sicily, England, and France. She resumed her nursing career after the war, becoming nursing director at Terre Haute Union Hospital, and went on to be a hospital administrator. She finally married in 1964 to a man named Leonard B. Marshall. After many years as a nurse, she retired from nursing and took up the hobby of horseback riding. Just a year after her wedding, though, she was killed in a horseback riding accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.2882673442363739, "source": "search", "title": "The My Hero Project - Ellen Church" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Ellen Church, first stewardess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.929020404815674, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church, first stewardess - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Ellen Church, first stewardess", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.929020404815674, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church, first stewardess - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Given a 90-day trial period, Church was named chief stewardess and hired seven other nurses and helped design the uniforms. The women began working on May 15, 1930, and were paid $125 per month for 100 hours of flying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.493828773498535, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church: America's First Stewardess" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Church remained chief stewardess for 18 months and then returned to her nursing career after being injured in an auto accident. She stated that the stewardess experiment survived only because women regarded it as a worthwhile service that demanded their best efforts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.351794719696045, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church: America's First Stewardess" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422250747680664, "source": "search", "title": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "First Stewardess from Howard County", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202654838562012, "source": "search", "title": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "According to Miss Church, the duties of the stewardesses were to look after the interests and comforts of air passengers and to take complete charge of such to the passengers' destinations. While enroute the stewardesses pointed out places of interest in cities, towns, rivers, mountains, passes, altitudes, etc. She was a licensed pilot and approached the Boeing Company with the idea that she could serve as a nurse and substitute pilot on their planes. Early specifications for flight attendants were that they be no taller than 5 foot 4 inches and must weigh less than 115 pounds. With these specificaitons they would be able to manuever around the plane with the lowe celings and narrow aisles. Attendants other duties were to take tickets, load luggage, gas the plane and help push the machine into the hanger. Ellen Church was instrumental in hiring the first team of attendants. Through her work and calming presence, she helped convince the public of the safety in flying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.026092529296875, "source": "search", "title": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "Cresco constructed a new air landing strip in 1959. This landing strip was located west and south of Cresco. The airport today is on this same site and is named \"Ellen Church Field\" after the first stewardess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.585054397583008, "source": "search", "title": "First Stewardess from Howard County | Howard County" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Aviation Boeing Air Transport , Ellen Church , Flight Attendant , Nurse , Sky Girls , Stewardess , United Air Lines , Women in Aviation Bryan Swopes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.365285396575928, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church Archives - This Day in Aviation" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "15 May 1930: Ellen Church (1904–1965) became the first airline stewardess, now more commonly titled Flight Attendant, on a Boeing Air Transport flight from Oakland to Chicago. A registered nurse and licensed pilot, Miss Church had approached Steve Sampson at Boeing Air Transport (later, United Air Lines) to inquire about being hired as a pilot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.475427150726318, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church Archives - This Day in Aviation" }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "When her request was denied, she suggested that the airline put registered nurses aboard BAT’s airplanes to care for the passengers. She was hired to recruit and train seven additional women as stewardesses. Because of the cabin size and weight-carrying limitations of those early airliners, they were limited to a height of 5’4″ and 115 pounds. They were to be registered nurses, but not to be more than 25 years old. The salary was $125.00 per month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277587890625, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church Archives - This Day in Aviation" }, { "answer": "Airline stewardess", "passage": "The first eight airline stewardesses, from left to right, Jessie Carter, Cornelia Peterman, Ellen Church, Inez Keller, Alva Johnson, Margaret Arnott, Ellis Crawford and Harriet Fry. The airliner is a Boeing Model 80A. (National Air and Space Museum)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.768925905227661, "source": "search", "title": "Ellen Church Archives - This Day in Aviation" }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got Her Job", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.055768966674805, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "AP Photo Ellen Church and Virginia Schroeder, another flight attendant, pose in front of a modern 12-ton United Mainliner on May 14, 1940.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.153970718383789, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." }, { "answer": "Flight Attendant", "passage": "Officials with Boeing Air Transport, the predecessor of United Airlines, went for her pitch, and agreed to hire eight women, conditionally, for a three-month experiment. On this day, May 15, in 1930, Church and seven others began their first day of work as the country’s first flight attendants. Four flew from San Francisco to Cheyenne, Wyo., and the other four flew from Cheyenne to Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.141376972198486, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "After the three months had ended, the original eight stayed on — and other airlines began recruiting their own stewardesses. According to TIME’s 1938 analysis , the jobs were highly competitive, and the hiring process was steeped in sexism. “To get their $100-to-$120-a-month jobs, applicants for the 300 stewardess posts [since 1930] had to be pretty, petite, single, graduate nurses, 21 to 26 years old, 100 to 120 lbs,” TIME notes. “Many of them found husbands right after they found jobs; few married pilots.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425069808959961, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." }, { "answer": "Stewardess", "passage": "The work itself was much more than pouring drinks and looking pretty, however. Stewardesses cleaned the cabin, helped fuel the planes and bolted down the seats before takeoff. And while they normally drew on their medical training only minimally, in assisting airsick and panicked passengers, they occasionally played the part of first responders in an emergency — as when 22-year-old TWA stewardess Nellie Granger ministered to critically injured passengers and then stumbled through snowy mountains in search of help after her flight crashed in Pennsylvania in 1936. (TWA rewarded her heroism with a paid cruise in the West Indies, along with a promotion.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093326568603516, "source": "search", "title": "Flight Attendants of History: How the First Stewardess Got ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Avensa (Aerovías Venezolanas Sociedad Anonima) was a Venezuelan airline headquartered in Caracas. It is in the process of financial restructuring, after it went into bankruptcy due to poor management in 2002. It operated from its hub at Simon Bolivar International Airport in Maiquetía.", "precise_score": 6.835617542266846, "rough_score": 6.066234111785889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Technically Avensa still exists, with a single Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia aircraft keeping the name alive. But for all intents and purposes the company is defunct. Around Venezuela's airports, Avensa relics can be seen everywhere: old check-in signs, rusted luggage carts, derelict airplane stairways, the name still visible through cracked blue paint around Venezuela’s airports. ", "precise_score": 4.478641510009766, "rough_score": 2.765289068222046, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "Avensa was created on May 13, 1943, as a cargo airline by the Venezuelan businessman, Andres Boulton Pietri, and Pan American World Airways. Its first flights occurred in December 1943, flying cargo to Venezuela's oil-rich Carteru region with Ford Trimotors and Stinson Reliants. By 1944, Avensa had started passenger flights with Lockheed 10A twins. After World War II, DC-3 Dakotas were added to the fleet. These were the backbone of the fleet until 1955 when Convair 340 twins were introduced for a new service to Miami. Avensa had set up an extensive domestic route network by the beginning of the 1960s. The airline also flew internationally to Miami, Aruba, Jamaica and New Orleans. Avensa merged its international routes with the international routes of LAV (Aeropostal) and the resulting network was the basis for a new international Venezuelan airline called Viasa, in which Avensa had a 45% holding. Avensa purchased jet equipment in the form of a single Sud Caravelle jet in 1964. Turboprop aircraft were introduced in 1966 when the airline purchased Convair 580s. Douglas DC9s were also introduced to give the airline a more competitive edge. Pan Am sold its 30% holding of Avensa to the Venezuelan government in 1976, making it completely state-owned. Later, Avensa introduced Boeing 727-100 and 727-200 jets. Two Boeing 737-200s were later introduced. A fleet renewal program was set in motion at the end of the 1980s and new Boeing 737-300s were added. Boeing 757s were also introduced as part of the renewal program. These new aircraft were returned during the 1990s when Avensa fell into financial difficulties and had to make cut backs. This left the fleet with eleven aging Boeing 727s, five Douglas DC9s and two Boeing 737-200s at the end of the 1990s. Avensa took over many of the international routes formerly flown by Viasa after that airline collapsed in 1997. Avensa operated a smaller low-cost airline called Servivensa, which operated mainly Boeing 727 aircraft. Avensa is currently serving only a domestic network of three cities as it attempts to re-structure due to continuing financial difficulties.", "precise_score": 4.994304180145264, "rough_score": 5.299833297729492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Before ceasing operations Avensa had a fleet of Douglas DC-9, DC-10, Boeing 727 and 737-200 aircraft. After ceasing operations, two Boeings 727-200 were leased to Santa Barbara Airlines, as well as both DC-10s. The rest of the fleet was derelict and scrapped in 2007.", "precise_score": 0.24759504199028015, "rough_score": 1.1446173191070557, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "This is the list of places to which Avensa flew:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2176547050476074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "*On 21 March 1968, an Avensa Convair CV-440 was hijacked to Cuba by three passengers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.405486822128296, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "Venezuela", "passage": "*On 22 December 1974, Avensa Flight 358 Douglas DC-9-14 crashed in Maturín, Venezuela, shortly after take off due to a double engine failure. 77 passengers and crew were killed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3627939224243164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Avensa" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Migration cards must be carried at all times while in Russia. A “migration card” is the white paper document given by the border police on first entry to Russia. If you lose your migration card you should ask your sponsor to assist you in reporting it to FMS and request a replacement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402379035949707, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Do not enter before the date shown on your visa, and do not remain in Russia beyond the date your visa expires. Violations of even an hour have led to penalties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.497818946838379, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Minors who also have Russian citizenship and are traveling alone or in the company of adults who are not their parents, must carry a Russian passport as well as their parents’ notarized consent for the trip, which can be obtained at  a Russian embassy or consulate, or a U.S. notary public. A consent  obtained in the United States from a U.S. notary public must be apostilled, translated into Russian, and properly affixed. Authorities will prevent such minors from entering or leaving Russia if they cannot present this consent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205374717712402, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction and customs regulations on our websites.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468137741088867, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "In the last decade, Moscow and St. Petersburg have been the targets of terrorist attacks. Bombings have occurred at Russian government buildings, airports, hotels, tourist sites, markets, entertainment venues, schools, residential complexes, and on public transportation (subways, buses, trains, and scheduled commercial flights). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.850151062011719, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Bomb threats against public venues are common. If you are at a location that receives a bomb threat, follow all instructions from the local police and security services. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483973503112793, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Criminal Penalties: You are subject to all Russian laws. If you violate these laws, even unknowingly, you may be arrested, fined, imprisoned, or expelled and may be banned from re-entering Russia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.525484085083008, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "You can be arrested for attempting to leave the country with antiques, even if they were legally purchased from licensed vendors. Cultural value items like artwork, icons, samovars, rugs, military medals and antiques, must have certificates indicating they do not have historical or cultural value. You may obtain certificates from the  Russian Ministry of Culture .  For further information, please contact the  Russian Customs Committee .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362545013427734, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "Faith-Based Travelers: Russian authorities have detained, fined, and in some cases deported travelers for engaging in religious activities. Russian officials have stated that Russia recognizes four “historic” religions: Orthodox Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism. The Russian government places restrictions on so-called “missionary activity” and defines it broadly – travelers engaging in certain types of religious work may risk harassment, detention, fines, or deportation for administrative violations if they do not have proper authorization from a registered religious group.  The Russian government has detained U.S. citizens for religious activities that they contend are not permitted under a tourist visa.  Even speaking at a religious service, traditional or non-traditional, has resulted in immigration violations. See the Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173074722290039, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" }, { "answer": "VEN", "passage": "U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.538846969604492, "source": "search", "title": "Russia : U.S. Department of State - Country Travel Information" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Operation junction city", "Operation Junction City" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "operation junction city" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "operation junction city", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Operation Junction City" }

[ { "answer": "Operation Junction City", "passage": "Operation Junction City was an 82-day military operation conducted by United States and Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam) forces begun on February 22, 1967 lasting until May 14, 1967. It was the largest U.S. airborne operation since Operation Market Garden during World War II, the only major airborne operation of the Vietnam War, and one of the largest U.S. operations of the Southeast Asian conflict.", "precise_score": 6.681319236755371, "rough_score": 7.3122711181640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "1967 in the Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Operation Junction City", "passage": "In one of the largest air-mobile assaults ever, 240 helicopters sweep over Tay Ninh province, beginning Operation Junction City. The goal of Junction City is to destroy Vietcong bases and the Vietcong military headquarters for South Vietnam, all of which are located in War Zone C, north of Saigon. Some 30,000 U.S. troops take part in the mission, joined by 5,000 men of the South Vietnamese Army. After 72 days, Junction City ends. American forces succeed in capturing large quantities of stores, equipment and weapons, but there are no large, decisive battles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3964091539382935, "source": "search", "title": "Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline - PBS" }, { "answer": "Operation Junction City", "passage": "Counteroffensive, Phase III, 1 June 1967-29 January 1968. The conflict in South Vietnam remains basically unchanged. As Operation JUNCTION CITY ended, elements of the U.S. 1st and 25th Infantry Divisions, the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, and the forces of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam swung back toward Saigon to conduct another clearing operation, MANHATTAN. This took peace in the Long Nguyen base area just north of the previously cleared \"Iron Triangle.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8323246836662292, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Campaigns - U.S. Army Center of Military History" }, { "answer": "Operation Junction City", "passage": "February 22-May 14 - The largest U.S. military offensive of the war occurs. Operation Junction City involves 22 U.S. and four South Vietnamese battalions attempting to destroy the NVA's Central Office headquarters in South Vietnam. The offensive includes the only parachute assault by U.S. troops during the entire war. During the fighting at Ap Gu, U.S. 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry is commanded by Lt. Gen. Alexander M. Haig who will later become an influential White House aide. Junction City ends with 2728 Viet Cong killed and 34 captured. American losses are 282 killed and 1576 wounded. NVA relocate their Central Office headquarters inside Cambodia, thus avoiding capture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.345534324645996, "source": "search", "title": "The History Place - Vietnam War 1965-1968" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Nightshift", "Nightshift (TV series)", "Night Shift (disambiguation)", "Night Shift", "Night shift" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "night shift disambiguation", "nightshift", "night shift", "nightshift tv series" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "night shift", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Night Shift" }

[ { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, comedian, producer, and director. Keaton first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift (1982), Mr. Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984) and Beetlejuice (1988), and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton's Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). Since then, he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films; such as Clean and Sober (1988), The Dream Team (1989), Pacific Heights (1990), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), My Life (1993), The Paper (1994), Multiplicity (1996), Jackie Brown (1997), The Other Guys (2010), Need for Speed (2014), RoboCop (2014), Birdman (2014) and Spotlight (2015), and he also provided voices for characters in the animated films Cars (2006), Toy Story 3 (2010) and Minions (2015).", "precise_score": 7.6199798583984375, "rough_score": 8.897239685058594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Keaton" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Quirky, inventive and handsome US actor, Michael Keaton first achieved major fame with his door busting performance as fast talking, ideas man \"Bill Blazejowski\" alongside nerdish morgue attendant Henry Winkler in Night Shift (1982). Keaton was born Michael John Douglas on September 5, 1951 in Coraopolis, Pennsylvannia, to Leona Elizabeth (Loftus),... See full bio »", "precise_score": 7.186746597290039, "rough_score": 7.833293914794922, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Michael Keaton is an American actor. He is currently a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University. Keaton first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift (1982), Mr. Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984) and Beetlejuice (1988), and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton 's Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). Since then, he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films; such as Clean and Sober (1988), The Dream Team (1989), Pacific Heights (1990), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), My Life (1993), The Paper (1994), Multiplicity (1996), Jackie Brown (1997), The Other Guys (2010), Need for Speed (2014), RoboCop (2014) and Spotlight (2015), and he also provided voices for characters in the animated films Cars (2006), Toy Story 3 (2010) and Minions (2015).", "precise_score": 7.481904983520508, "rough_score": 8.877406120300293, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "His next break was working alongside James Belushi in the short-lived comedy series Working Stiffs, which showcased his comedic talent and led to a co-starring role in the comedy Night Shift directed by Ron Howard. His role as the fast-talking schemer Bill \"Blaze\" Blazejowski earned Keaton some critical acclaim, and he scored leads in the subsequent comedy hits Mr. Mom, Johnny Dangerously and Gung Ho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.743083477020264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Keaton" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "While he couldn't find fame on television, Keaton was starting to experience success in films. He starred with Henry Winkler and Shelley Long in Night Shift (1982), a comedy directed by Ron Howard . The film told the story of two morgue workers who start using their workplace as a brothel. The film was met with critical success; co-star Winkler earned a Golden Globe for his performance, and Keaton was recognized with a Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Box office attendance, however, was low.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.20893648266792297, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Quirky, inventive and handsome US actor, Michael Keaton first achieved major fame with his door busting performance as fast talking, ideas man \"Bill Blazejowski\" alongside nerdish morgue attendant Henry Winkler in Night Shift (1982).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.196768760681152, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Keaton first appeared on TV in several episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968). He left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for TV. He began cropping up in popular TV shows including Maude (1972) and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour (1979). Around this time, Keaton decided to use an alternative surname to remove confusion with better-known actor Michael Douglas . After reading an article on actress Diane Keaton , he decided that Michael Keaton sounded good. His next break was scoring a co-starring role alongside Jim Belushi in the short-lived comedy series Working Stiffs (1979), which showcased his comedic talent and led to his co-starring role in Night Shift (1982). Keaton next scored the lead in the comedy hits Mr. Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984) , Gung Ho (1986) and the Tim Burton horror-comedy Beetlejuice (1988).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.509839057922363, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "One of his favorite hobbies is fly-fishing, a hobby he shares with his Night Shift (1982) co-star Henry Winkler .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464972496032715, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "He was directed by Ron Howard in three films: Night Shift (1982), Gung Ho (1986) and The Paper (1994). Same goes with Tim Burton : Beetlejuice (1988), Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.472075462341309, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "[2011, on Night Shift (1982)] The character I invented was a combination of some people I knew and some things I made up, and afterward there [were other projects and offers] that would have meant trying to repeat that over and over, to be the \"glib young man\", whatever that is, but that held no interest for me. I literally thought the idea of all this, when you do it for a living, is to play a lot of different things. If you do the same thing over and over, that will eventually start to close in on you.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39633846282959, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Night Shift", "passage": "Following this realization, Keaton duly moved out to Los Angeles, where he joined the L.A. Branch of Second City and began auditioning. When he started getting work he changed his last name to avoid being confused with the better-known actor of the same name, taking the name \"Keaton\" after seeing a newspaper article about Diane Keaton . He began acting on and writing for a number of television series, and he got his first big break co-starring with old friend Jim Belushi on the sitcom Working Stiffs (1979). Three years later, he made an auspicious film debut as the relentlessly cheerful owner of a morgue/brothel in Night Shift. The raves he won for his performance carried over to his work the following year in Mr. Mom, and it appeared as though Keaton was on a winning streak. Unfortunately, a series of such mediocre films as Johnny Dangerously (1984) and Gung Ho (1985) followed, and by the time Tim Burton cast him as the titular Beetlejuice in 1988, Keaton's career seemed to have betrayed its early promise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2468928098678589, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Keaton Biography - Fandango" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Karunā", "Karuna", "Karuna (disambiguation)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "karunā", "karuna disambiguation", "karuna" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "karuna", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Karuna" }

[ { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Following early roles in films such as Dangerous Liaisons (1988), she rose to international prominence in 1994 following her role in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction for which she was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award. She starred in several more films throughout the 1990s such as The Truth About Cats & Dogs, Batman & Robin, Gattaca and Les Misérables.", "precise_score": 4.603464126586914, "rough_score": 5.4164557456970215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uma Thurman" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "Uma Karuna Thurman was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a highly unorthodox and Eurocentric family. She is the daughter of Nena Thurman (née Birgitte Caroline von Schlebrügge), a fashion model and socialite who now runs a mountain retreat, and of Robert Thurman (Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman), a professor and academic who is one of the nation's foremost Buddhist scholars. Uma's mother was born in Mexico City, Mexico, to a German father and a Swedish mother (who herself was of Swedish, Danish, and German descent). Uma's father, a New Yorker, has English, Scots-Irish, Scottish, and German ancestry. Uma grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts, where her father worked at Amherst College.", "precise_score": 4.817404747009277, "rough_score": 5.805928707122803, "source": "search", "title": "Uma Thurman - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "On May 1, 1998, she married actor Ethan Hawke, whom she met on the set of their 1997 film Gattaca. Hawke's novel Ash Wednesday is dedicated to \"Karuna\", Thurman's middle name. She acknowledged that they had married because she was pregnant – seven months at their wedding. The marriage produced two children: daughter Maya Ray, born in 1998, and son Levon, born in 2002. The couple separated in 2003, and the divorce was finalized in August 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.270992755889893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Uma Thurman" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "Uma's middle name, Karuna, is one of the four sublime abodes in Buddhism. It means \"compassion.\" The other 3 sublime abodes are Metta (Loving kindness), Mudita (Sympathetic joy), and Upekkha (Equanimity).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.525827646255493, "source": "search", "title": "Uma Thurman - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "Former husband Ethan Hawke 's book was dedicated to her (\"For Karuna\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42457103729248, "source": "search", "title": "Uma Thurman - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "Uma Karuna Thurman - Genealogy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.64669942855835, "source": "search", "title": "Uma Karuna Thurman - Genealogy - geni family tree" }, { "answer": "Karuna", "passage": "On May 1, 1998, Thurman married actor Ethan Hawke, whom she met on the set of Gattaca. Hawke's novel Ash Wednesday is dedicated to \"Karuna\", Thurman's middle name. Thurman acknowledged that they had married because she was pregnant – seven months at their wedding. The marriage produced two children, daughter Maya Ray Thurman-Hawke (b. July 8, 1998) and son Levon Roan Thurman-Hawke (b. January 15, 2002).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6374974250793457, "source": "search", "title": "Uma Karuna Thurman - Genealogy - geni family tree" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Queen Mary (disambiguation)", "Mary (queen consort)", "Queen Mary of England", "Her Majesty Queen Mary", "Mary Regina", "Queen Marie", "Queen Mary", "Queen Maria" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "queen mary", "queen marie", "queen mary of england", "queen mary disambiguation", "queen maria", "mary queen consort", "her majesty queen mary", "mary regina" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "queen mary", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Queen Mary" }

[ { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Some 200,000 spectators gathered at the John Brown Shipyard in Clydebank for the christening of \"Hull 534\", when the Queen Mary was launched in 1934. As well as the largest and fastest liner of her time, she was the last word in ocean-going luxury and Art Deco interior design.", "precise_score": 9.367384910583496, "rough_score": 8.885605812072754, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "On this day, September 26, in 1934, the RMS Queen Mary, one of the largest ships of its time, was launched. In attendance at the official ceremony were His Majesty, King George V, and his consort, Queen Mary, who allowed her name to be used for the ship.", "precise_score": 5.732028007507324, "rough_score": 6.952339172363281, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Please note: There is a huge difference between an Atlantic liner and a cruise ship. The latter are made for calm seas and pure entertainment. The former were made to tackle rough north Atlantic weather and purpose-built to carry ocean-going passengers. For more information, read Thomas Maxtone-Graham’s magnificent “The Only Way to Cross.” Also note that the years correspond to launch date, not service-entry date. For example, Queen Mary went down the quays in 1934 but didn’t enter service until two years later.", "precise_score": -0.9235084652900696, "rough_score": -3.192112922668457, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "If you have ever seen old posters of 1930s-era travel, you might have seen ads of a looming Normandie profiled head-on with her sleek, clipper-like bow. She was ultra-modern, with a steam turbo-electric power-plant, a clean upper deck and luxurious appointments throughout. Yet the celebrated ocean liner struggled to consistently make a profit during the 1930s. When war began anew in 1939, Normandie wound up in New York, and stayed there after the fall of France. (A great picture taken in 1940 shows the Normandie, the Queen Mary and the Queen Elizabeth berthed side by side in New York for the first and only time.) U.S. officials seized her after American entry into the war and renamed her USS Lafayette. But she never sailed again. She caught fire in early 1942 during her refitting, and the lopsided nature of the firefighting efforts caused her to capsize. Despite an expensive salvage operation, she was scrapped in 1946.", "precise_score": -5.401956558227539, "rough_score": -1.9619086980819702, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Four days - that was how long it took. When the Queen Mary launched on the River Clyde in Scotland in 1934, an ocean liner was the only way for most people to get across the Atlantic.", "precise_score": 3.155034065246582, "rough_score": 5.700850009918213, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "By the time of the Queen Mary's maiden voyage in 1936, the Normandie, after a refit, had retaken the title of world's biggest passenger ship. However the Cunard vessel snatched the Blue Riband with a crossing of three days, 21 hours and 48 minutes, and held on to it until 1952.", "precise_score": 0.04101264476776123, "rough_score": -0.5380733013153076, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "27th May 1936: The Cunard White Star liner, 'Queen Mary' leaving Southampton on her maiden voyage. (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -1.429149866104126, "rough_score": -3.8294427394866943, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "27th May 1936: Crowds wave goodbye to the Cunard White Star liner 'Queen Mary' as she leaves Southampton, England, on her maiden voyage to New York. (Photo by W. G. Phillips/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -1.6417754888534546, "rough_score": -3.2760331630706787, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The ocean liner Queen Mary passes the Statue of Liberty as she enters New York Harbor after completing her first voyage to the United States on June 1, 1936. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -2.5693531036376953, "rough_score": -1.4118916988372803, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Large crowds watched the Queen Mary being maneuvered by large tugs in the Clyde River shortly after launch Sept. 26, 1934 The ship was launched from the Yard of John Brown & Son. Ltd. in Clydebank, Scotland.", "precise_score": 1.0913690328598022, "rough_score": 4.08164644241333, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "New Cunard liner, the Queen Mary, slides down the slipway during her launch at the John Brown Shipyard, Clydebank, Scotland, Sept. 26, 1934. The liner was launched by Her Majesty Queen Mary and was previously known just as Cunarder 534. (AP Photo/Sid Beadel)", "precise_score": 5.1429219245910645, "rough_score": 6.425207138061523, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Crowds gather to watch the launch of the RMS Queen Mary the world?s largest liner, John Brown's yard at Clydebank, Scotland on Sept. 26, 1934. Britain's King George V can be seen on a special balcony on right, saluting the multitude of people on arrival for the launching ceremony. (AP Photo/Staff/Putnam)", "precise_score": 7.932493686676025, "rough_score": 7.976925373077393, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "New Cunard liner, the Queen Mary, slips into the water during her launch at the John Brown Shipyard at Clydebank, Scotland, Sept. 26, 1934. The liner was launched by Her Majesty Queen Mary and was previously known only as Cunarder 534. (AP Photo/Len Putnam)", "precise_score": 5.095361232757568, "rough_score": 6.414465427398682, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "9/15/94 - This photo taken the day the Queen Mary was launched (Sept. 26, 1934) shows the launching brakes or drag chains, the ends of which were clamped to the hull of the ship. They were positioned on either side of the ship to slow and control the speed of the launch. It took squads of men weeks to haul and coerce these gigantic brakes into position; yet the weight of every drag chain was calculated to a half-a-hundredweight. Now on the National Register of Historic Places, the Queen Mary is permanently berthed in Long Beach, California, as a popular attraction and hotel.", "precise_score": -0.4062332510948181, "rough_score": -1.7558342218399048, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "9/15/94 - The RMS Queen Mary gets its first taste of water sliding down the \"ways\" into the River Clyde. The ship was the largest passenger ship ever launched and to this day remains the largest Ocean Liner afloat.", "precise_score": 1.2193591594696045, "rough_score": -2.115414619445801, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Well-wishers tip their hats as the grand luxury liner Queen Mary, new flagship of the Cunard-White Star Line, slips into the water during launch ceremonies at the shipyards of John Brown & Co., Ltd., in Clydebank, Scotland, September 26, 1934. Previously known only as \"Hull No. 534,\" as the name of the ship was kept secret, the vessel was baptized by Her Majesty Queen Mary of England herself before moving to a nearby fitting out pier for interior installations. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": 1.8390237092971802, "rough_score": 0.6006467938423157, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The liner Queen Mary, weighing 73,000 tons, is shown at her berth in Clyde Bank, Glasgow, Scotland, Feb. 1, 1936. The luxury liner is structurally complete, needing interior fittings and public rooms which will be added before the initial runs set for March 24. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -0.23103055357933044, "rough_score": -2.896437644958496, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Amid the cheers of a million spectators the giant liner Queen Mary, towed by tugs, leaves her fitting out basin at Clydebank, Scotland, March 24, 1936, on her maiden voyage down river to Greenock. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": 1.064900517463684, "rough_score": 1.606239676475525, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The huge liner Queen Mary as she headed for her pier in New York July 11, 1945 with over 15,000 American and Canadian troops returning from Europe. The Queen Mary was one of eight transports that brought back a record group of 35,000 troops to the port of New York from the European theater. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -2.149998903274536, "rough_score": -1.2201714515686035, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Cunard Liner Queen Mary (foreground) passes a tanker as she makes her way majestically up Southampton water to dock at Southampton, Hampshire August 29, 1966 after completing her fastest crossing from New York since winning the Blue Riband 1938. The 30-year-old British liner took four days on the crossing-ninehours ahead of schedule. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -5.271946430206299, "rough_score": -1.2078220844268799, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "This photo shows a view of the Queen Mary ship in Long Beach, CA, 13 December 2002. The 1019.5 foot-long ship built by John Brown & Co. in Scotland first launched in September 1934 as one of the biggest cruise ships of its time with a 1,957 passenger capacity. The ship, owned today by the city of Long Beach after it was turned over in December 1967, serves as a tourist attraction and a floating hotel. (HECTOR MATA/AFP/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 4.556941032409668, "rough_score": 3.8493354320526123, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Built in the United Kingdom in the 1930s, the Queen Mary sailed through the Great Depression, World War II, the heyday of transatlantic travel in the late ’40s and ’50s and the eventual decline of ocean liners in the 1960s. The behemoth, art deco ship — hundreds of feet longer and almost twice the weight of the Titanic — was relocated to Long Beach, California, in 1967. Reborn as a hotel and attraction, the ship has become a world-renowned Southern California landmark.", "precise_score": -6.496992588043213, "rough_score": -3.159679412841797, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Four days - that was how long it took. When the Queen Mary launched on the River Clyde in Scotland in 1934, an ocean liner was the only way for most people to get across the Atlantic.", "precise_score": 3.155034065246582, "rough_score": 5.700850009918213, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "By the time of the Queen Mary's maiden voyage in 1936, the Normandie, after a refit, had retaken the title of world's biggest passenger ship. However the Cunard vessel snatched the Blue Riband with a crossing of three days, 21 hours and 48 minutes, and held on to it until 1952.", "precise_score": 0.04101264476776123, "rough_score": -0.5380733013153076, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Not to be outdone in any manner Queen Mary 2, launched by Cunard on January 12, 2004, is 1,132 ft (345 metres) long, displaces 150 000 tonnes and accommodates 1 253 crew members at the service of 2 620 passengers in the grandest luxury. Queen Mary 2 was the world’s largest, longest, tallest ocean liner… until Royal Caribbean International’s Freedom of the Seas was launched in April 2006. Although QM2 is 20 ft (6m) longer, Freedom of the Seas comes in at 160,000 tonnes, is 1,112 ft (339m) long, 184 ft (56m) wide and has a cruising speed of 21.6 knots. She is 50 ft (15m) wider than QM2 and pampers 4,375 lucky passengers in her 1,800 rooms across 15 decks. Her sister ship, Liberty of the Seas, was launched a year later, then being considered the largest ocean liner. She features a water park, cantilevered whirlpools, and onboard surfing. The third liner in the famous Freedom Class, the magnificent Independence of the Seas, was launched in April 2008.", "precise_score": 1.6058379411697388, "rough_score": -2.215622901916504, "source": "search", "title": "Largest cruise ships in the world - Did you know?" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "However, like her rival Cunard ships - the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth - she could not compete with the fast and cheap commercial jet aircraft that soared overhead. After just 17 years at sea, she was withdrawn from service in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01364517211914, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption The Queen Mary and her sister ship the Queen Elizabeth provided a twice weekly transatlantic service for Cunard between the 1940s and 1960s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.209589004516602, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "One of the world's most famous transatlantic liners, the RMS Queen Mary had a glittering career. She won the Blue Riband, counted Elizabeth Taylor, Bob Hope and Winston Churchill among her passengers and carried thousands of troops across the globe during World War Two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.965270042419434, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption The Queen Mary was sold to the City of Long Beach, California for $3,450,000 in 1967, and is pictured here with Cunard's RMS Queen Mary 2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304158210754395, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption The QE2 replaced the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth in 1968 and went on to serve as a troop-carrying ship in the Falklands War", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.279932975769043, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The QE2 replaced the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth on the North Atlantic route in 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357134819030762, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "RMS Queen Mary, Cunard Line", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.475756645202637, "source": "search", "title": "What do you do with an old ocean liner? - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.556179523468018, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.556179523468018, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Airplanes were still a novelty in the early decades of the 1900s, and the future of transatlantic travel, at least for a little longer, was thought to belong to the ship. International shipbuilding competition was in full swing, as Germany had made two ocean liners, Bremen and Europa, and in response Britain’s White Star Line laid down the keel for a 60,000 ton ship to rival the German two, while Cunard planned an even larger one — a 75,000 ton craft that would be called the Queen Mary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.950767517089844, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "A couple more years would pass for the finishing touches on the ship, and finally by summer of 1936 The Queen Mary was ready for her maiden voyage to New York May. With every space on it booked long in advance, the passenger list was a who’s who of European society: knights, ladies, dignitaries, entertainments stars, and even a couple of stowaways who were quickly remanded to Southampton to face justice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.680925369262695, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary ocean liner launched - Famous Daily" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "RMS Queen Mary II", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418290138244629, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "For almost 30 years, it seemed as if the Queen Elizabeth 2 was to be the only thread to the bygone era of the superliners, but the QE2’s continual transatlantic and cruising success convinced Cunard to build another one. Queen Mary 2 holds the record as the largest Atlantic superliner ever built (although one Caribbean cruise ship, the Freedom of the Seas, is bigger, and the first Queen Mary actually weighed more). QM2 looks like a cross between an Atlantic liner and a cruise ship, but she was built primarily for Atlantic crossings in mind, even though she can—and does—go practically to any sea in the world. Hey, if you have about $2,000 (about 1,000 pounds), you can hitch a ride on the QM2 and check it out for yourself. (And if you’re wondering why QM2 is #10 instead of #1, it’s because she hasn’t been around that long.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.73222017288208, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "RMS Queen Mary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435684204101562, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The first Queen Mary was designed to recapture British glory on the seas, and also replace the aged Mauritania and Aquitania. While very traditional in her appointments, she was more popular than the more-modern looking Normandie. Like her sister ship (loosely defined) the Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mary was a highly sought prize by German U-Boats in WWII. They never caught either. In the post-war years, the two Cunard queens ruled the seas as originally designed. Today, the Queen Mary is gutted and laid up in Long Beach, Calif., as a hotel and tourist attraction, while her sister ship was burned to a hulk in the 1970s during an attempt to make her a floating university.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991179466247559, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Atlantic Ocean Liners - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships - BBC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.024874687194824, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.041953086853027, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Eighty years ago the launch of the RMS Queen Mary helped define an era of luxury liners. Did it presage the monster cruise ships of today?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.297368049621582, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Four days at sea to reach New York had its consolations. The Queen Mary had two swimming pools, tennis courts, libraries, and nurseries for all three classes of passenger. There were games of deck quoits and bridge. Afternoon tea was an occasion. Then it was time to dress for dinner, where even third class passengers got a choice of hors d'oeuvres.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418512344360352, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Cunard, the ship's operator, had been synonymous with discreet comfort, says John Graves, curator of ship history at the National Maritime Museum in London. \"But with the Queen Mary there was a nod to modernity, particularly to art deco.\" The first class dining room had a chart of the North Atlantic, tracking its position and that of its sister ship the Queen Elizabeth - their meeting in the mid Atlantic was highly anticipated. Ladies' furs were stored in a cold room. The Verandah Grill had a sundeck where one could dance the night away. And first class cabins were equipped with a telephone that could call anywhere in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317944526672363, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary was Britain's great hope. The shipyard workers in Clydebank created a behemoth - it had the biggest hull in the world, and 12 decks housing 2,139 passengers and 1,101 crew. As it slid into the Clyde in 1934, radio announcer George Blake said Cunard's grandest ship resembled a \"great white cliff, terrific and overwhelming\". Using today's standard unit of measurement - Wembley Stadium - it was taller than the new Wembley's roof and three times the length of its pitch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.863853454589844, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "But the golden age couldn't last. By 1958 more people flew across the Atlantic than sailed. Today there is only one transatlantic liner left, the Queen Mary 2, which makes 20 scheduled trips a year between Southampton and New York. But the QM2 is slower than its predecessor, taking a week to cross the Atlantic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.99298095703125, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption The art deco-style swimming pool aboard the Queen Mary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531524658203125, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Today, passenger ships are about cruising rather than transport. The biggest - the Allure of the Seas - is more than 164ft (50m) longer than the Queen Mary, has nearly three times its gross tonnage and accommodates more than 6,000 passengers. It has a 1,380-seat theatre, ice skating rink, seven themed \"neighbourhoods\", including a tree-lined Central Park and the first Starbucks at sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.694971084594727, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "There is clearly a big demand for cruises, says Simon Calder, travel editor of the Independent. But the real successor of the ocean liner was the jet aircraft. \"When the Queen Mary sailed, her purpose was to get people from A to B.\" After passenger aircraft took away their market, big ships had to change tack. \"Once they started sending people round in circles on cruises, they'd invented a new industry,\" Calder says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.261231422424316, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Today, no cruise ships have class distinctions. Cunard, now an upmarket division of Carnival, comes closest to having a social hierarchy - dinner in the Grill is available only to passengers in the most exclusive cabins. On the other hand, class was built into the Queen Mary's design. She was carved up into three distinct sections, each with its own cabins, decks and dining rooms. \"To show we were not peasants we put on black ties each evening,\" wrote Turner, who travelled second class on the Queen Mary. \"It was, I suppose, a comical sight to see four male strangers, who never normally dressed for dinner, struggling and elbowing in a tight-fitting cabin as they fumbled with dress studs.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335354804992676, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption Actors Laurel and Hardy and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor aboard the Queen Mary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418722152709961, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Cruise ships have eclipsed ocean liners in scale and facilities. But what they can't compete with is the glamour that came from having Marlene Dietrich, Charlie Chaplin, Elizabeth Taylor, Winston Churchill and the Windsors on board, as the Queen Mary did.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40582275390625, "source": "search", "title": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of maiden voyage - Pasadena Star-News Media Center", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.17548656463623, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "RMS Queen Mary ship being swung round by tugs on leaving the ocean dock at Southampton, England on May 27, 1936 for her maiden voyage. Vast crowds cheered the RMS Queen Mary on to her maiden voyage. Bands played and sirens shrieked as she made her way down Southampton water under her own power. It took 15 minutes for her to leave her berth. (AP Photo/Staff/Putnam)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.009604454040527, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The new Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary pulls away from Southampton at the start of her maiden voyage across the Atlantic to New York. (Photo by Hudson/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.57720947265625, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "RMS Queen Mary ship after being freed from tugs on leaving the ocean dock at Southampton, England on May 27, 1936 for her maiden voyage. Vast crowds cheered the RMS Queen Mary on to her maiden voyage. Bands played and sirens shrieked as she made her way down Southampton water under her own power. It took 15 minutes for her to leave her berth. (AP Photo/Staff/Putnam)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.840940475463867, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "27th May 1936: The maiden voyage of the Queen Mary from Southampton. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.362465858459473, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The new Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary pulls away from Southampton at the start of her maiden voyage across the Atlantic to New York. (Photo by Barker/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.660608291625977, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The launch of the new Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary from the John Brown & Co shipyard, Clydebank. A large crowd huddle under their umbrellas whilst watching the spectacle. (Photo by Lock/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.221982955932617, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Her Majesty Queen Mary of England in London, England on May 11, 1932. The namesake of the RMS Queen Mary. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.447892189025879, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary splashes into the water at her launching ceremony from the John Brown & Co shipyard, Clydebank. Crowds line the water's edge to witness the great occasion. (Photo by Topical Press/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.246498107910156, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "9/15/94 - Officials and dignitaries await the launch of the RMS Queen Mary at the John Brown Shipyard on Sept. 26, 1934 on the banks of the Clyde River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.999799728393555, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "9/15/94 - The RMS Queen Mary in the Clyde River -- being maneuvered by tugs into the \"fitting out\". basin for completion at the John Brown & Co. yard in Clydesdale, Scotland. (London Times Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070517539978027, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "9/15/94 - Workers are shown preparing the wooden \"ways\" which would allow the RMS Queen Mary to slip gracefully into the River Clyde. The actual launch would last 67 seconds -- accompanied by cheers from both sides of the River Clyde and whistles of all sorts sounding from both land and water.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.725934028625488, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "6/27/45 - The S. S. Queen Mary Trans-Atlantic luxury liner moves up New York Bay to her pier in the North River. On board are 14,000 American soldiers returning fron the battlefields of World War II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.24876880645752, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "02/23/06- The Queen Mary 2, the world's largest ocean liner, left, rests near its historic namesake the Queen Mary, docked at right, Thursday, February 23, 2006, in Long Beach Harbor. .Photo by Kevin Chang/ For the Press Telegram", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.365277290344238, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The mighty Queen Mary shown as she edged up lower New York Harbor, with the skyline of Manhattan in the background, toward her pier and the completion of her first voyage to the United States, June 1, 1936. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.517147541046143, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The French liner Normandie, left, and Britain's Queen Mary are berthed side by side in the North River, New York on Sept. 14, 1939. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2501373291015625, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "British liner Queen Mary is moved away from the dock by tugs at Southampton, on Feb. 4, 1939, as she prepares to sail to New York. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.035206317901611, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Serving as a transport, the big British liner Queen Mary, seen here loaded with troops in Rio de Janeiro in March 1942, carried thousands of allied troops to battlefronts throughout the world. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.188698768615723, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Serving as a transport, the giant British liner, Queen Mary, carried thousands of allied troops to battlefronts throughout the world in 1942. Here the liner is seen at Rio De Janeiro, Brazil on Nov. 4, 1943, loaded with U.S. troops. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.75588846206665, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "In this image provided by the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. troops returning from Europe pack the decks of the British luxury liner-turned-troopship HMS Queen Mary as she steams into New York Harbor June 20, 1945 with some 14,000 troops aboard. This was the ship's first voyage to America since V-E Day. (AP Photo/U.S. Coast Guard)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6918134689331055, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "British liner Queen Mary steams along the North River, New York, on Aug. 10, 1945, bringing home thousands of American servicemen. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.097815036773682, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Three ships who have contributed much to the history of the sea are seen together at adjoining berths in the Hudson River at New York City, U.S.A., on Nov. 9, 1945. They are left to right: Queen Mary, holder of the Blue Riband of the Atlantic; the U.S. battleship Missouri, on whose quarterdeck the Japanese surrender was signed and the Europa, former German luxury liner and onetime holder of the Atlantic record now being used as an American troopship. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.070449829101562, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "With the Manhattan skyline in the background, small tugboats draw the Queen Mary into its berth on the Hudson River pier, December 22, 1948, in New York Harbor, placing the British ocean liner alongside its sister ship, the Queen Elizabeth. The two luxury liners are in New York for the first time together in their \"peacetime\" dress. Both vessels were in New York during World War II while serving as troop transport ships. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.927877902984619, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The grand luxury liner Queen Mary is hauled into a dry dock at Southampton, England, October 30, 1952. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.526626586914062, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Spectators line the waterfront at New York Harbor to watch the tricky maneuvering of the giant luxury liner Queen Mary as the vessel moves into its berth without the aid of tugboats, February 6, 1953. The big ship, ussually assisted by a fleet of tugs, is forced to inch its way into the Midtown pier due to a recent tugboat strike. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.73564338684082, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "With the skyline of lower Manhattan in the background, the grand luxury liner Queen Mary steams along in New York Harbor, accompanied by several small tugboats, in this 1958 photograph. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.597548484802246, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The luxury liner Queen Mary leaves lower Manhattan in New York City on June 12, 1963. (AP Photo/Dave Pickoff)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.617595672607422, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary ship entering New York Harbor in 1967. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310627937316895, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Sightseers line the waterfront at Southampton, England, to wave farewell to the legendary ocean liner Queen Mary, September 16, 1967. The former flagship of the Cunard-White Star Line is en route to Long Beach, Calif., where it will find a permanent berth as a floating hotel and maritime museum. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.322371482849121, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The legendary Queen Mary is seen in February 1971 en route to its final berth at Long Beach, Calif., where the former British luxury liner will open as a floating hotel and maritime museum. (AP Photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.140767097473145, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary, the most famous cruise ship of her time, now berths permanently at Long Beach, Calif. (AP Photo/HO)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762978553771973, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The famous luxury liner Queen Mary sits docked in the Port of Long Beach, California Friday, July 11, 1992 next to the dome that covers Howard Hughes’ Spruce Goose plane in Long Beach, California. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.899064064025879, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The veteran Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary, now converted to a floating museum, hotel and shopping centre at Long Beach, California. The Americans purchased the vessel in 1967 and spent $16,500,000 transforming it into a luxury entertainment centre. (Photo by Central Press/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.988521575927734, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The veteran Cunard White Star liner Queen Mary, now converted to a floating museum, hotel and shopping centre at Long Beach, California. The Americans purchased the vessel in 1967 and spent $16,500,000 transforming it into a luxury entertainment centre. (Photo by Marti Coale/Getty Images)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.132509231567383, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "02/23/06- The Queen Mary 2, the world's largest ocean liner, left, rests near its historic namesake the Queen Mary, docked at right, Thursday, February 23, 2006, in Long Beach Harbor. .Photo by Kevin Chang/ For the Press Telegram", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.365277290344238, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary in Long Beach on August 28, 2010. (Photo: Scott Varley, Los Angeles Newspaper Group)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314889907836914, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary in Long Beach on August 28, 2010. (Photo: Scott Varley, Los Angeles Newspaper Group)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314889907836914, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "3/3/11 - The HMS Queen Victoria, the third largest Cunard ocean liner, left, waits off the coast near the HMS Queen Mary, right, in Long Beach. Photo by Steven Georges/Press-Telegram", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.2850923538208, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The youngest Cunard Line ship, Queen Elizabeth, left, visits the Queen Mary, in Long Beach (Calif.) Harbor on March 12, 2013. The Queen Mary was built by Cunard in 1947 and retired in 1967. The Queen Mary, now a permanently berthed, is a hotel and special events venue. The two ships exchanged whistle blows. Photo by Jeff Gritchen / Los Angeles Newspaper Group", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.718804359436035, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary in Long Beach on February 18, 2013. (Photo: Scott Varley, Los Angeles Newspaper Group)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30478572845459, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "A fireboat sprays water with the Queen Mary in the background during the Long Beach Marathon in Long Beach, CA on Sunday, October 13, 2013. (Photo by Scott Varley, Daily Breeze)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40092945098877, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "LONG BEACH - 08/13/2013 (Photo: Scott Varley, Los Angeles News Group) Long Beach's iconic Queen Mary is in the midst of a renovation of the ship to bring it back to it's 1936 art deco glory days. Artwork, furniture and other artifacts are being restored, cataloged and displayed either in the part of the ship where they were originally located or moved to other areas where they can be seen. Visitors peer over the railing near the bow of the ship.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.212015151977539, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "LONG BEACH - 08/13/2013 (Photo: Scott Varley, Los Angeles News Group) Long Beach's iconic Queen Mary is in the midst of a renovation of the ship to bring it back to it's 1936 art deco glory days. Artwork, furniture and other artifacts are being restored, cataloged and displayed either in the part of the ship where they were originally located or moved to other areas where they can be seen. The Main Hall has been restored with wood veneers that lead guests past shops and towards the observation bar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.275033950805664, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Guests view the ship model gallery aboard the Queen Mary. The gallery was dedicated Thursday morning. Along with the opening the Queen is celebrating 80years of public life and her niece the youngest in the Cunard fleet, the Queen Elizabeth is docked beside the Queen Mary for the day. February 5, 2014. (Photo by Brittany Murray / Daily Breeze)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.033943176269531, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary is celebrating 80years of public life and her niece the youngest in the Cunard fleet, the Queen Elizabeth is docked beside the Queen Mary for the first time ever. Other Cunard ships have come into Long Beach but this is the first to dock. February 5, 2014. (Photo by Brittany Murray / Daily Breeze)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911099433898926, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Elizabeth next to the Queen Mary in Long Beach, as the the luxury ship departed, after docking for the day in celebration of the Queen Mary's 80th birthday. Long Beach Calif., Thursday, February 5, 2015. (Photo by Stephen Carr / Daily Breeze)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.211141586303711, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Fireworks explode over the Queen Elizabeth, docked next to the Queen Mary in Long Beach, as the the luxury ship departed after docking for the day, in celebration of the Queen Mary's 80th birthday. Long Beach Calif., Thursday, February 5, 2015. (Photo by Stephen Carr / Daily Breeze)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328739166259766, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "On May 27, 1936, the Queen Mary departed from Southampton, England embarking on her maiden voyage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.007700443267822, "source": "search", "title": "PHOTOS: Queen Mary ocean liner - 80th anniversary of ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships - BBC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.024874687194824, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster cruise ships", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.041953086853027, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Eighty years ago the launch of the RMS Queen Mary helped define an era of luxury liners. Did it presage the monster cruise ships of today?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.297368049621582, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Four days at sea to reach New York had its consolations. The Queen Mary had two swimming pools, tennis courts, libraries, and nurseries for all three classes of passenger. There were games of deck quoits and bridge. Afternoon tea was an occasion. Then it was time to dress for dinner, where even third class passengers got a choice of hors d'oeuvres.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418512344360352, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Cunard, the ship's operator, had been synonymous with discreet comfort, says John Graves, curator of ship history at the National Maritime Museum in London. \"But with the Queen Mary there was a nod to modernity, particularly to art deco.\" The first class dining room had a chart of the North Atlantic, tracking its position and that of its sister ship the Queen Elizabeth - their meeting in the mid Atlantic was highly anticipated. Ladies' furs were stored in a cold room. The Verandah Grill had a sundeck where one could dance the night away. And first class cabins were equipped with a telephone that could call anywhere in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317944526672363, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "The Queen Mary was Britain's great hope. The shipyard workers in Clydebank created a behemoth - it had the biggest hull in the world, and 12 decks housing 2,139 passengers and 1,101 crew. As it slid into the Clyde in 1934, radio announcer George Blake said Cunard's grandest ship resembled a \"great white cliff, terrific and overwhelming\". Using today's standard unit of measurement - Wembley Stadium - it was taller than the new Wembley's roof and three times the length of its pitch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.863853454589844, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "But the golden age couldn't last. By 1958 more people flew across the Atlantic than sailed. Today there is only one transatlantic liner left, the Queen Mary 2, which makes 20 scheduled trips a year between Southampton and New York. But the QM2 is slower than its predecessor, taking a week to cross the Atlantic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.99298095703125, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption The art deco-style swimming pool aboard the Queen Mary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531524658203125, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Today, passenger ships are about cruising rather than transport. The biggest - the Allure of the Seas - is more than 164ft (50m) longer than the Queen Mary, has nearly three times its gross tonnage and accommodates more than 6,000 passengers. It has a 1,380-seat theatre, ice skating rink, seven themed \"neighbourhoods\", including a tree-lined Central Park and the first Starbucks at sea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.694971084594727, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "There is clearly a big demand for cruises, says Simon Calder, travel editor of the Independent. But the real successor of the ocean liner was the jet aircraft. \"When the Queen Mary sailed, her purpose was to get people from A to B.\" After passenger aircraft took away their market, big ships had to change tack. \"Once they started sending people round in circles on cruises, they'd invented a new industry,\" Calder says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.261231422424316, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Today, no cruise ships have class distinctions. Cunard, now an upmarket division of Carnival, comes closest to having a social hierarchy - dinner in the Grill is available only to passengers in the most exclusive cabins. On the other hand, class was built into the Queen Mary's design. She was carved up into three distinct sections, each with its own cabins, decks and dining rooms. \"To show we were not peasants we put on black ties each evening,\" wrote Turner, who travelled second class on the Queen Mary. \"It was, I suppose, a comical sight to see four male strangers, who never normally dressed for dinner, struggling and elbowing in a tight-fitting cabin as they fumbled with dress studs.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335354804992676, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Image caption Actors Laurel and Hardy and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor aboard the Queen Mary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418722152709961, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Cruise ships have eclipsed ocean liners in scale and facilities. But what they can't compete with is the glamour that came from having Marlene Dietrich, Charlie Chaplin, Elizabeth Taylor, Winston Churchill and the Windsors on board, as the Queen Mary did.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40582275390625, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News - Queen Mary: Liner that helped launch monster ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Cunard’s Queen Mary 2, featuring 17 decks and towering 62 metres (200 ft) above the waterline. At 72m (236.2 ft) from keel to the top of her funnel, she is one and half times higher than the Statue of Liberty.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.879963874816895, "source": "search", "title": "Largest cruise ships in the world - Did you know?" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "For more than a century and a half, Cunard dominated the Atlantic passenger trade and was one of the world's most important companies, with the majority of their liners being built at the John Brown Shipyard in Clydebank, Scotland. Today the Line still operates two classic passenger liners the RMS QUEEN ELIZABETH II and the RMS QUEEN MARY II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.257704734802246, "source": "search", "title": "West Sea Co. OCEAN LINER Catalog Page 17" }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "On 28th March 1934, Royal assent was given to the North Atlantic Shipping Bill by which Cunard - White Star was formed, and registered on 10th May. The was the Government's solution to two difficult problems. The Cunard Line required financial assistance to complete the QUEEN MARY and to build her consort, the QUEEN ELIZABETH, The White Star Line was in a similar situation with three ageing liners operating on the same route as the Cunard Line. It, too, would need cash to replace its fleet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0230231285095215, "source": "search", "title": "The BRITANNIC and the GEORGIC were the last liners built ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "Left to right: The MAURETANIA, the QUEEN MARY and the BRITANNIC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395654678344727, "source": "search", "title": "The BRITANNIC and the GEORGIC were the last liners built ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "QUEEN MARY is assisted into her berth at Pier 90 by Matson tugs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08172607421875, "source": "search", "title": "The BRITANNIC and the GEORGIC were the last liners built ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": " The QUEEN MARY and the MAURETANIA are berthed at Pier 90, and", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305573463439941, "source": "search", "title": "The BRITANNIC and the GEORGIC were the last liners built ..." }, { "answer": "Queen Mary", "passage": "the road from the QUEEN MARY's bow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410236358642578, "source": "search", "title": "The BRITANNIC and the GEORGIC were the last liners built ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "List of manned Mercury flights", "Mercury Space Project", "Mercury program", "Mercury-Atlas 11", "Mercury-Atlas 12", "Project Mercury", "Mercury space program", "Mercury Capsule", "Mercury spacecraft", "List of unmanned Mercury flights", "McDonnell Mercury Capsule", "Mercury flights", "Summary of Project Mercury manned missions", "Mercury space capsule" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "mercury space project", "mercury atlas 12", "mercury capsule", "mercury flights", "summary of project mercury manned missions", "list of unmanned mercury flights", "mercury space capsule", "mercury program", "project mercury", "mcdonnell mercury capsule", "mercury atlas 11", "list of manned mercury flights", "mercury spacecraft", "mercury space program" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "project mercury", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Project Mercury" }

[ { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "When NASA was created that same year, the Air Force program was transferred to it and renamed Project Mercury. The first seven astronauts were selected among candidates from the Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilot programs. On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard Freedom 7, launched by a Redstone booster on a 15-minute ballistic (suborbital) flight. John Glenn became the first American to be launched into orbit by an Atlas launch vehicle on February 20, 1962 aboard Friendship 7. Glenn completed three orbits, after which three more orbital flights were made, culminating in L. Gordon Cooper's 22-orbit flight Faith 7, May 15–16, 1963. ", "precise_score": 5.102463722229004, "rough_score": 8.046191215515137, "source": "wiki", "title": "NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "Based on studies to grow the Mercury spacecraft capabilities to long-duration flights, developing space rendezvous techniques, and precision Earth landing, Project Gemini was started as a two-man program in 1962 to overcome the Soviets' lead and to support the Apollo manned lunar landing program, adding extravehicular activity (EVA) and rendezvous and docking to its objectives. The first manned Gemini flight, Gemini 3, was flown by Gus Grissom and John Young on March 23, 1965. Nine missions followed in 1965 and 1966, demonstrating an endurance mission of nearly fourteen days, rendezvous, docking, and practical EVA, and gathering medical data on the effects of weightlessness on humans. ", "precise_score": 0.5358451008796692, "rough_score": 6.217912197113037, "source": "wiki", "title": "NASA" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "On April 9, 1959, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) introduces America’s first astronauts to the press: Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Walter Schirra Jr., Alan Shepard Jr., and Donald Slayton. The seven men, all military test pilots, were carefully selected from a group of 32 candidates to take part in Project Mercury, America’s first manned space program. NASA planned to begin manned orbital flights in 1961.", "precise_score": 8.452020645141602, "rough_score": 8.802356719970703, "source": "search", "title": "First astronauts introduced - Apr 09, 1959 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "The ladder NASA climbed to reach the Moon had three rungs of achievement -- the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs. The first program, Project Mercury, was initiated on Oct. 7, 1958, just six days after the founding of NASA. Its objective was to orbit and retrieve a manned Earth satellite.", "precise_score": 3.6295502185821533, "rough_score": 6.862573146820068, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "NASA's first high-profile program involving human spaceflight was Project Mercury, an effort to learn if humans could survive the rigors of spaceflight. On May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard Jr. became the first American to fly into space, when he rode his Mercury capsule on a 15-minute suborbital mission. John H. Glenn Jr. became the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962. With six flights, Project Mercury achieved its goal of putting piloted spacecraft into Earth orbit and retrieving the astronauts safely.", "precise_score": 5.321346759796143, "rough_score": 7.49662971496582, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of NASA" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "Project Mercury (1959–63)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2569518089294434, "source": "wiki", "title": "NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury Capsule", "passage": "Program builders - Charles Donlan, deputy head, and Robert Gilruth, head, Space Task Group, with Langley Research Center engineers, eye a Mercury capsule scale model.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.420757293701172, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - Leaders Visionaries and Designers" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "Glennan found an able second in Dryden, the technical director of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) who stayed on as NASA’s deputy administrator until his death in 1965. In that capacity Dryden handled the day-to-day operations of the agency and oversaw its technical efforts while Glennan handled politics and larger strategic issues. Dryden threw himself into the intricacies of spaceflight. The conception and planning of Project Mercury, for instance, bore his mark from the very beginning, because it emphasized the scientific component. His quiet oversight of the agency helped immeasurably in keeping it on track.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7260056734085083, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - Leaders Visionaries and Designers" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "Working closely with Gilruth, first at Langley and later at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, engineering iconoclast Max Faget designed the Mercury spacecraft in the latter 1950s and maintained a guiding hand on every human spaceflight vehicle built through the space shuttle. A Cajun from Louisiana, Faget was known throughout the space community for his cantankerousness, his eccentricities, his commitment to spacefaring and his genius. No one could underestimate his impact on NASA’s engineering culture and pattern of success through more than three decades at the space agency. When he left NASA, Faget began working on private-sector spaceflight technology to expand opportunities to reach beyond Earth. He remained committed to the human exploration and development of flight until his death in 2004. In the aftermath of the Columbia accident, he told journalists it was time to move beyond the space shuttle that he had done so much to help make a reality, giving it an honorable retirement and building a new human spaceflight vehicle. If Americans were unwilling as a people to make that investment, Faget flatly stated, “we ought to be ashamed of ourselves.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.035365104675293, "source": "search", "title": "NASA - Leaders Visionaries and Designers" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "The rocket chosen to carry the Mercury payload into orbit was an Atlas IntercontinentaI Ballistic Missile (ICBM). \"Big Joe\" was one such missile, capped with a full-scale Mercury spacecraft. Launched on Sept. 9, 1959, it tested the heat shield which protected the capsule from the searing temperatures endured during re-entry. The capsule survived, and an autopsy on the heat shield proved its structural integrity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.727130651473999, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury program", "passage": "Other early developmental flights in the Mercury program were not so successful. Mercury-Atlas 1 exploded one minute into its flight-causing the program a six-month delay. Mercury-Redstone 1 had a very short liftoff. It rose 4 or 5 inches (10 to 13 centimeters) before settling back on its fins, while the escape tower launched-without its attached capsule. On a manned mission, the tower was supposed to carry an astronaut to safety if the flight were aborted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.07168960571289, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury Capsule", "passage": "The Redstone rocket, though not powerful enough to place the Mercury capsule in orbit, was selected for two suborbital manned flights. On May 5, 1961, astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. became America's first man in space. Inclement weather, a faulty inverter in the electrical system and a computer problem caused slight delays in the launch. But the mission of Mercury-Redstone 3 went smoothly after it finally left the pad, with Shepard demonstrating no ill effects from either weightlessness or gravitational stresses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.546520233154297, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury program", "passage": "M. Scott Carpenter flew three orbits in Aurora 7 in May 1962, with more pilot control of the mission, including inverted flight (pilot's head oriented toward Earth). Walter M. Schirra Jr. completed six orbits in Sigma 7 in October 1962. And in May 1963, L. Gordon Cooper made the last flight of the Mercury program, called the \"daylong\" mission, in Faith 7. He orbited 22 times and splashed down 34 hours and 20 minutes after liftoff.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.681886672973633, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury Capsule", "passage": "Built on the foundations Mercury had already established, the Gemini program was the next major step to the Moon. Gemini, as the name reflects, was a two-man spacecraft, far more sophisticated than the Mercury capsule, although they looked much alike. For a while it was known as the Mercury Mark II. Gemini was launched by a Titan II missile, developed by the Air Force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.1100077629089355, "source": "search", "title": "John F. Kennedy Space Center - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury Capsule", "passage": "21 Jul. 1961 The second piloted flight of a Mercury spacecraft took place on this date when astronaut \"Gus\" Grissom undertook a sub-orbital mission. The flight had problems. The hatch blew off prematurely from the Mercury capsule, Liberty Bell 7, and it sank into the Atlantic Ocean before it could be recovered. In the process the astronaut nearly drowned before being hoisted to safety in a helicopter. These suborbital flights, however, proved valuable for NASA technicians who found ways to solve or work around literally thousands of obstacles to successful space flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.72493314743042, "source": "search", "title": "CHRONOLOGY OF DEFINING EVENTS IN NASA HISTORY" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "3 Oct. 1962 On this date astronaut Wally Schirra flew six orbits in the Mercury spacecraft Sigma 7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9293127059936523, "source": "search", "title": "CHRONOLOGY OF DEFINING EVENTS IN NASA HISTORY" }, { "answer": "Project Mercury", "passage": "15-16 May 1963 The capstone of Project Mercury took place on this date with the flight of astronaut L. Gordon Cooper, who circled the Earth 22 times in 34 hours aboard the Mercury capsule Faith 7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.03361177444458, "source": "search", "title": "CHRONOLOGY OF DEFINING EVENTS IN NASA HISTORY" }, { "answer": "Mercury program", "passage": "NASA announced the selection of seven pilots for the Mercury program. NASA created a Research Steering Committee on Manned Space Flight. Over the next several months this committee examined long-term human-in-space problems to recommend future missions and coordination of research programs at the NASA centers. At its May 25-26 meeting the committee recommended the manned lunar landing as a focal point for studies in propulsion, vehicle configuration, structure, and guidance requirements, since a lunar landing would constitute an end objective that did not have to be justified in terms of its contribution to a more useful goal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.653130829334259, "source": "search", "title": "Where No Man Has Gone Before, Appendix 4 - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "The United States launched its first human into space, Lt. Cmdr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who rode a Mercury spacecraft (", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.976836204528809, "source": "search", "title": "Where No Man Has Gone Before, Appendix 4 - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "John C. Houbolt and others at Langley Research Center presented to the Large Launch Vehicle Planning Group a study on the use of lunar-orbit rendezvous in a manned lunar landing. November: After evaluation of proposals from five companies, NASA selected the Space and Information Division of North American Aviation, Inc., Downey, California, to design and build the Apollo spacecraft. December: MSC announced a new manned program using a two-man version of the Mercury spacecraft, which would test techniques of rendezvous in earth orbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.29597708582878113, "source": "search", "title": "Where No Man Has Gone Before, Appendix 4 - NASA" }, { "answer": "Mercury spacecraft", "passage": "The first American to orbit the earth, Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr., USMC, completed three orbits in a Mercury spacecraft and returned safely to earth. February-June: Several groups within NASA were intensively studying the various modes of going to the moon (direct ascent, rendezvous in earth orbit, rendezvous in lunar orbit). The third method required a separate spacecraft to detach itself, land on the moon, and return to lunar orbit to rendezvous with the Apollo spacecraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.005839824676514, "source": "search", "title": "Where No Man Has Gone Before, Appendix 4 - NASA" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in 1969 first dipped her toe into the acting profession, taking a few small roles in her father's movies. However, in that year her mother died in a car accident, at 39, and Huston relocated to the United States, where the tall, exotically beautiful young woman modeled for several years.", "precise_score": 8.97356128692627, "rough_score": 8.735723495483398, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Born into a powerful artistic family, the second child of larger-than-life writer-director John Huston and his fourth wife, ballerina Enrica Soma, Anjelica was a very innocent, quiet child. Her dad, a gambler, sportsman and lady's man, moved the family to an estate in Ireland when she was a year old. Spending most of his time on locations around the world and coming home for holidays, Anjelica learned to dress up, mimic and make people laugh in order to gain approval from him. She sensed a tension between herself and one year older brother Tony, vying for dad's attention. Always conscious of his disapproval, he wasn't abusive, just tough on the children. Dad's little girl, she wouldn't dream of answering back. Her parents were atheists, but she was sent to convent school at eight to mix with other children. She rode horses and went antique shopping with her mom. Enrica and her three children lived on the estate in what was called \"the Little House\" and when John was home he brought his guests to \"the Big House.\" At about 11 she realized he father had other women as more than friends and her parents separated about that time. Anjelica, older brother Tony and younger brother Danny moved to London with their mother. She attended the Lycee Francaise, St. Mary's Town and Country and Holland Park Comprehensive schools. During her stormy adolescence when she was attending anti-war rallies in 1966 her dad pulled her out of school, awarding her a part in his film \"A Walk With Love and Death\" in order to play the role of a 14th century French heroine. The film was considered ponderous and archaic. Shortly before its release her mom, at 39 years old, died in a car crash. She felt loss and emptiness as her world turned upside down. Afraid her dad would put her in a convent, she ran to New York with the Tony Richardson company of Hamlet understudying the role of Ophelia. Becoming statuesque, her luminously pale skin, black coffee hair, green eyes and chiseled patrician face were a natural combination for fashion modeling on the runways of London, Paris, Milan and Germany. She appeared on the cover of \"Vogue\" and in other noted publications.", "precise_score": 4.659943580627441, "rough_score": 4.952057838439941, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston, horoscope for birth date 8 July 1951 ..." }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in ... See full bio »", "precise_score": 8.937984466552734, "rough_score": 8.83025074005127, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "She spent much of her childhood in Ireland, particularly near Craughwell, County Galway, and England, where she attended Holland Park School. In the late 1960s, she began taking a few small roles in her father's movies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.331729888916016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anjelica Huston" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Huston thereafter worked prolifically, including notable roles in Francis Ford Coppola 's - Gardens of Stone (1987), Barry Sonnenfeld 's film versions of the Charles Addams cartoons The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), in which she portrayed Addams matriarch Morticia, Wes Anderson 's The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Probably her finest performance on-screen, however, was as Lilly, the veteran, iron-willed con artist in Stephen Frears ' The Grifters (1990), for which she received another Oscar nomination, this time for Best Actress. A sentimental favorite is her performance as the lead in her father's final film, an adaptation of James Joyce 's The Dead (1987) -- with her many years of residence in Ireland, Huston's Irish accent in the film is authentic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.524435997009277, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Lived in Ireland when she was young.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304360389709473, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "Attended Kylemore Abbey High School in Connemara, Ireland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456657409667969, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "She was born in Santa Monica, Calif., but grew up on a country estate in Ireland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.876009941101074, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Photo 1 - Pictures - CBS News" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "A Huston family portrait in Ireland, 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4253666400909424, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Photo 1 - Pictures - CBS News" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "An undated portrait of Anjelica Huston, at the Peggy Carty School in Ireland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.598797082901001, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - Photo 1 - Pictures - CBS News" }, { "answer": "Ireland", "passage": "    High School: Kylemore Abbey International School, Connemara, Galway, Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530374526977539, "source": "search", "title": "Anjelica Huston - NNDB" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Hammond Innes", "passage": "The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes", "precise_score": 5.204257011413574, "rough_score": -0.9436466693878174, "source": "search", "title": "The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes - Fantastic Fiction" }, { "answer": "Hammond Innes", "passage": "A novel by Hammond Innes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.521759033203125, "source": "search", "title": "The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes - Fantastic Fiction" }, { "answer": "Hammond Innes", "passage": "Used availability for Hammond Innes's The Delta Connection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.131426811218262, "source": "search", "title": "The Delta Connection by Hammond Innes - Fantastic Fiction" }, { "answer": "Hammond Innes", "passage": "Hammond Innes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402872085571289, "source": "search", "title": "The delta connection (Book, 1997) [WorldCat.org]" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article", "precise_score": -1.3059170246124268, "rough_score": -8.546006202697754, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "George Lee MBE on Gliding", "precise_score": -1.3174957036972046, "rough_score": -7.02051305770874, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Three times World Gliding Champion and ex GSA member George Lee MBE talks to www.rafgsa.org about his exploits in gliding, competition flying and his love for silent flight.", "precise_score": 3.257558822631836, "rough_score": -3.0772719383239746, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.432458877563477, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Just over a year into the training, I heard about the RAFGSA Centre at Bicester and I decided to try gliding to show motivation towards becoming a pilot. My first flight in a glider was in March 1963; a three minute circuit in light rain off a winch launch in a T21. I was enthralled by the experience, completely hooked; whatever happened in my professional life, I would continue gliding! I did continue gliding for the remainder of my apprenticeship and during my years working as an electrical fitter on the Hastings aircraft at RAF Colerne, during the course of which I became an instructor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057559967041016, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Against the odds, I was selected for pilot and officer training in 1967 and I did very little gliding over the next two years. When I completed my basic flying training there was a backlog in the system and I was faced with the prospect of spending a year away from flying training before commencing advanced training. I contacted Andy Gough, CFI of the RAFGSA Centre, and he arranged for me to spend that year on the staff at Bicester. Apart from running courses and building a lot of tugging hours, I flew a KA6CR in my first competition in 1970, the Inter-Services. I won the competition and, as with my first flight in a glider, I was hooked. Competition gliding is exciting!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.944955825805664, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Gliding again took a back seat from when I commenced advanced flying training until I was established on a Phantom squadron at RAF Coningsby. I flew a KA6E in my first Nationals at Dunstable in 1972, coming second. I then flew in various competitions over the next three years, winning the Open Class Nationals in 1974. I was selected to the British Team for the World Championships in Finland in 1976, winning in an ASW17. I was successful in retaining my title during the following two World Championships, becoming the first pilot to ever win three consecutive world titles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.920982360839844, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "I left the RAF in 1983 and joined Cathay Pacific Airways to fly 747s out of Hong Kong for the next fifteen years. They were rewarding years professionally but my gliding really suffered and I just managed to stay in touch with the sport that I loved. I retired in 1999 to Australia with the first glider that I had ever owned, a Nimbus 4DM. The pipedream was to conduct advanced coaching courses for junior pilots of different nationalities who had shown talent and motivation. The vision was fully realised and I have now coached more than fifty pilots from the UK, Australia, USA, Austria and South Africa. The coaching courses will finish this year (2010) and I hope to do more of my own flying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.370342254638672, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Gliding, particularly competition flying, has meant a great deal to me over the last forty seven years. Gliding was my first flying love and it is now my last flying love. I have always had a competitive nature and, for me, World Championships flying was the ultimate challenge. To fly for Great Britain against the top pilots who I had read so much about was a great privilege. It also gave rise to a very high level of stress and the management of that stress was an extremely important part of my success. I was pretty well stressed out during the practice period before my first World Championships in Finland, but a private chat with the Team Manager got that sorted out. I was then able to relax and it was such a thrill to go from a high level of self-imposed stress to the sheer joy of victory. As far as the next World Championships were concerned, I reasoned that nobody expected a newcomer to the scene to win a consecutive title. For the third championships I reasoned that nobody, but nobody, expected me to pull off the hat trick as it had never been done before! When I was flying in World Championships pairs flying was not a part of the scene and I am thankful for that as I enjoyed flying as an individual!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.231689453125, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "Gliders and instrumentation have changed significantly over the years. The best glide angle of the ASW17 that I flew in the seventies with its wingspan of 20.5metres is now being matched by gliders with 15metres wingspan. The use of GPS has made an enormous impact on the sport and en-route navigation and final glides can be flown today with a degree of accuracy that could not have been envisaged in the seventies. Handling has also been transformed, an important factor that reduces pilot fatigue and therefore contributes towards improved performance. Although glider performance has improved markedly over the decades, the improvements have been incremental rather than dramatic. The next major step forward in performance may be associated with boundary layer control. Whatever the changes, we must remember that gliding is not all about technical advances. The late Philip Wills wrote beautifully about gliding, capturing the sheer romance and enjoyment of the sport as few have done. I hope that we glider pilots will never lose sight of the beauty and unpredictability of our wonderful sport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.656204223632812, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "I have been honoured to receive many awards over the years, the most prestigious gliding award being the Lilienthal Medal which was awarded following my third WGC victory in 1981. It was also a very great honour to take Prince Charles up for his first flights in a glider in 1978.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.796981811523438, "source": "search", "title": "RAF Gliding & Soaring Association - George Lee Article" }, { "answer": "Gliding", "passage": "They called him ‘The Gentle Tiger,’ though his opposition post-1971 would likely object to the moniker; it was at about that time that Padukone dramatically augmented the aggressiveness of his game. But he always moved with a ballerina's grace on the court, and when he lifted the All England Championships cup in 1980, he put India in the same league with the game’s superpowers. Mild mannered, dignified, focused and still actively paying back the sport he loves, Padukone can still be seen gliding gingerly on the court at his Bangalore sports academy, playing against youngsters who look on in awe and admiration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.8135347366333, "source": "search", "title": "Asia's Greatest Sports Heroes | CNN Travel" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat", "Anwar al-Sadat", "Anwar as-Sādāt", "Muhammad Anwar El-Sadat", "Anwar sadat", "Anwar Sedat", "Anwar El-Sadat", "Anwar es-Sadat", "'Anwar as-Sadat", "Anouar El-Sadate", "President El-Sadat", "Anwar Al-Sadat", "Anwar as-Sadat", "Saddat", "Anvar Sadat", "Mohammed el-Sadat", "Anwar Al Sadat", "Anwar Sādāt", "السادات", "Anwar es Sadat", "ʼAnwar as-Sadāt", "Anwar el Sadat", "Muḥammad Anwar as-Sādāt", "أنور السادات", "Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat", "Anwar al- Sadat", "Mohammed Sadat", "ʼAnwar as-Sadat", "Anwar El Sadat", "Anwar Sadat", "Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat", "Mohammed al-Sadat", "Anwar el-Sadat", "Muhammad Anwar as-Sadat" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "president el sadat", "muhammad anwar el sadat", "anwar as sādāt", "السادات", "mohamed anwar al sadat", "anvar sadat", "mohammed el sadat", "saddat", "ʼanwar as sadat", "anwar sedat", "muhammad anwar al sadat", "mohammed al sadat", "anwar el sadat", "muhammad anwar as sadat", "anwar as sadat", "أنور السادات", "anwar es sadat", "muhammed anwar al sadat", "ʼanwar as sadāt", "mohammed sadat", "anouar el sadate", "muḥammad anwar as sādāt", "anwar sadat", "anwar sādāt", "anwar al sadat" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "anwar el sadat", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Anwar El-Sadat" }

[ { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "Muhammad Hosni Mubarak was the president of the Arab Republic of Egypt for 30 years, from 1981 until he was forced to resign by mass protests on 11 February 2011. Hosni Mubarak was trained as a pilot and rose in the ranks of Egypt's air force during the 1960s and '70s. President Anwar Sadat named Mubarak to be his vice president in 1975, and in 1978 Mubarak became the vice chairman of the National Democratic Party (NDP), the governing political party in Egypt. When Anwar Sadat was assassinated on 14 October 1981, Mubarak succeeded him and became the chairman of the NDP as well. Mubarak quickly became an old-style strongman with full control of the government. Running uncontested, Mubarak won the presidency in national referenda in 1987, 1993 and 1999; after a change in laws, he won running against token opposition in 2005. He focused on economic growth and inched toward political reform, but any economic gains in the 1990s were offset by criticisms that Egypt was a near-dictatorship; indeed, Mubarak never lifted the state of emergency imposed after Sadat's assassination. In February of 2005, Hosni Mubarak announced plans for a September 2005 election that would be Egypt's first-ever multi-candidate contest for the presidency. On 7 September 2005 he handily won his fifth consecutive term in those elections, but the victory was clouded by low voter turnout, reports of fraud and the imprisonment of his political rival, Ayman Nour. The next years were dominated by pressures for political reform and by Mubarak's love/hate relationship with the United States, a steady provider of military aid. Mubarak was rebuked for his lack of commitment to democracy by American leaders, including President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice , but he remained an important U.S. ally in the region, especially during the U.S. war in Iraq. Egyptians took to the streets in January of 2011 to protest his rule; more than 900 protesters were killed in February of that year by Mubarak forces, and he was forced to resign. He was detained in April and held on charges of corruption and complicity in the killing of the protesters. Acquitted on the corruption charges, Mubarak was found guilty for his role in the protesters' deaths and sentenced to life in prison.", "precise_score": 5.813484191894531, "rough_score": 7.721304416656494, "source": "search", "title": "Hosni Mubarak Biography (President of Egypt) - Infoplease" }, { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "It could be worse for the Mubaraks, but of course, it once was much better. Hosni Mubarak, after all, dominated Egypt from his ascension to president in 1981, shortly after the assassination of Anwar Sadat, right up until early 2011.", "precise_score": 6.536803722381592, "rough_score": 7.629824161529541, "source": "search", "title": "Egyptian court: Hosni Mubarak can go free - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He served as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rose to the rank of air chief marshal in 1973. Some time in the 1950s, he returned to the Air Force Academy as an instructor, remaining there until early 1959. He was appointed Vice President of Egypt by President Anwar Sadat in 1975 and assumed the presidency on 14 October 1981, eight days after Sadat's assassination. Mubarak's presidency lasted almost thirty years, making him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha, who ruled the country from 1805 to 1848, a reign of 43 years. Mubarak stepped down after 18 days of demonstrations during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. On 11 February 2011, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned as president and transferred authority to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.083207130432129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hosni Mubarak" }, { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "Image caption Mubarak (left) became Egypt's fourth president after the assassination of Anwar Sadat (right)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.780862808227539, "source": "search", "title": "Profile: Hosni Mubarak - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "Few expected that the little-known vice-president who was elevated to the presidency in the wake of Anwar Sadat's 1981 assassination would hold on to the country's top job for so long.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68483829498291, "source": "search", "title": "Profile: Hosni Mubarak - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Anwar El-Sadat", "passage": "Born in the Nile River delta, Mubarak graduated from the Egyptian military academy at Cairo (1949) and the air academy at Bilbays (1950), receiving advanced flight and bomber training in the Soviet Union . He held command positions in the Egyptian air force and from 1966 to 1969 was director of the air academy. In 1972 President Anwar el-Sadat appointed Mubarak chief commander of the air force, and in this capacity he was credited with the successful performance of the Egyptian air force in the opening days of the war with Israel in October 1973. He was promoted to the rank of air marshal in 1974. In April 1975 Sadat named him vice president, and in subsequent years Mubarak was active in most of the negotiations involving Middle Eastern and Arab policy. He served as the chief mediator in the dispute between Morocco , Algeria , and Mauritania over the future of Western (Spanish) Sahara .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.8918938636779785, "source": "search", "title": "Hosni Mubarak | president of Egypt | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Anwar sadat", "passage": "Mubarak through the years – Then-Vice President Mubarak, left, joins President Anwar Sadat at a military parade on October 6, 1981, the day Islamic fundamentalists from within the army assassinated Sadat. Mubarak succeeded Sadat as Egypt's president, maintaining power for nearly three decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.8030595779418945, "source": "search", "title": "Conflicting reports about whether Mubarak has died - CNN.com" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "John Lewis was born in La Grange, Illinois, and raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and began learning classical music and piano at the age of seven. His family was musical and had a family band that allowed him to play frequently and he also played in a Boy Scout music group.Lyons, p. 77. Even though he learned piano by playing the classics, he was exposed to jazz from an early age because his aunt loved to dance and he would listen to the music she played. He attended the University of New Mexico, where he led a small dance band that he formedGiddins, p. 378. and double majored in Anthropology and Music. Eventually, he decided not to pursue Anthropology because he was advised that careers from degrees in Anthropology did not pay well. In 1942, Lewis entered the army and played piano alongside Kenny Clarke, who influenced him to move to New York once their service was over.Lyons, p. 76. Lewis moved to New York in 1945 to pursue his musical studies at the Manhattan School of Music and eventually graduated with a master's degree in music in 1953. Although his move to New York turned his musical attention more towards jazz, he still frequently played and listened to classical works and composers such as Chopin, Bach and Beethoven.", "precise_score": 2.0998802185058594, "rough_score": 6.424892902374268, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "In 1981, the Modern Jazz Quartet re-formed for a tour of Japan and the United States, although the group did not plan on performing regularly together again. Since the MJQ was no longer his primary career, Lewis had time to form and play in a sextet called the John Lewis Group. A few years later, in 1985, Lewis collaborated with Gary Giddins and Roberta Swann to form the American Jazz Orchestra. Additionally, he continued to teach jazz piano to aspiring jazz students, which he had done throughout his career. His teaching style involved making sure the student was fluent in \"three basic forms: the blues, a ballad, and a piece that moves\". He continued teaching late into his life.", "precise_score": -3.6490397453308105, "rough_score": -5.337836265563965, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Lewis performed a final concert at Lincoln Center in New York and played a repertoire that represented his full musical ability—from solo piano to big-band and everything in between. John Lewis died in New York City on March 29, 2001, at the age of 80, after a long battle with prostate cancer.", "precise_score": -3.040480375289917, "rough_score": -5.885064601898193, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "* The John Lewis Piano (Atlantic, 1957) ", "precise_score": 0.29205167293548584, "rough_score": -4.636150360107422, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Once Lewis moved to New York, he and Clarke tried out for Dizzy Gillespie's bop-style big band by playing a song called \"Bright Lights\" that Lewis had written for the band they played for in the army. They both were asked to join Gillespie's band, and the tune they originally played for Gillespie, renamed \"Two Bass Hit\", became an instant success. Lewis composed, arranged and played piano for the band from 1945 until 1948 after the band made a concert tour of Europe. When Lewis returned from the tour with Gillespie's band, he left it to work individually. Lewis was an accompanist for Charlie Parker and played on some of Parker's famous recordings, such as \"Parker's Mood\" (1948) and \"Blues for Alice\" (1951), but also collaborated with other prominent jazz artists such as Lester Young, Ella Fitzgerald and Illinois Jacquet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.94008731842041, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "The MJQ disbanded in 1974 because Jackson felt that the band was not getting enough money for the level of prestige the quartet had in the music scene.Lyons, pp. 81–82. During this break, Lewis taught at the City College of New York and at Harvard University. Lewis was also able to travel to Japan, where CBS commissioned his first solo piano album.Lyons, p. 80. While in Japan, Lewis also collaborated with Hank Jones and Marian McPartland, with whom he performed piano recitals on various occasions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.589881896972656, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Piano style", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438092231750488, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Len Lyons depicts Lewis's piano, composition and personal style when he introduces Lewis in Lyons' book The Great Jazz Pianists: \"Sitting straight-backed, jaw rigid, presiding over the glistening white keyboard of the grand piano, John Lewis clearly brooks no nonsense in his playing, indulges in no improvisational frvolity, and exhibits no breach of discipline nor any phrase that could be construed as formally incorrect. Lewis, of course, can swing, play soulful blues and emote through his instrument, but it is the swing and sweat of the concert hall, not of smoke-filled, noisy nightclubs.\" Although Lewis is considered to be a bebop pianist, he is also considered to be one of the more conservative players. Instead of emphasizing the intense, fast tempoed bebop style, his piano style was geared towards emphasizing jazz as an \"expression of quiet conflict\". His piano style, bridging the gap between classical, bop, stride and blues, made him so \"it was not unusual to hear him mentioned in the same breath with Morton, Ellington, and Monk\". On the piano, his improvisational style was primarily quiet and gentle and understated. Lewis once advised three saxophonists who were improvising on one of his original compositions: \"You have to put yourself at the service of the melody.... Your solos should expand the melody or contract it\".Davis, p. 234. This was how he approached his solos as well. He proved in his solos that taking a \"simple and straightforward... approach to a melody could... put [musicians] in touch with such complexities of feeling\", which the audience appreciated just as much as the musicians themselves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.308928489685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Similarly to his personal piano playing style, Lewis was drawn in his compositions to minimalism and simplicity. Many of his compositions were based on motifs and relied on few chord progressions. Francis Davis comments: \"I think too, that the same conservative lust for simplicity of forms that draws Lewis to the Renaissance and the Baroque draws him inevitably to the blues, another form of music permitting endless variation only within the logic of rigid boundaries\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.631497859954834, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "* An Evening with Two Grand Pianos (Little David, 1979) with Hank Jones", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.003929138183594, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "* Piano Play House (Toshiba, 1979) with Hank Jones", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417659759521484, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Lewis (pianist)" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "Piano", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320239067077637, "source": "search", "title": "History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ..." }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "created a style based on ragtime and stride, but goes further and demonstrates that the piano can be a strong solo instrument. Made it sound like a trumpet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.807543754577637, "source": "search", "title": "History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ..." }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "-Amazing technique and veolicty at the piano", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.208573341369629, "source": "search", "title": "History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ..." }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "piano player for Classic Miles Davis Quintet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53836727142334, "source": "search", "title": "History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ..." }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "-more diverse piano compling an bebop", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.455705642700195, "source": "search", "title": "History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And ..." }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "He was born Milton Jackson, and began learning guitar at the age of seven. He added violin, piano, drums, tympani, xylophone and vibes to his accomplishments before leaving school, and sang in a gospel group called The Evangelist Singers while simultaneously playing jazz with local groups on the Detroit scene, including working with saxophonist Lucky Thompson, an association which enabled him to make his recording debut with Dinah Washington.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.820622444152832, "source": "search", "title": "Milt Jackson: 1923-1999 - Jazz Journalists Association" }, { "answer": "Piano", "passage": "He accompanied Gillespie and Charlie Parker to Los Angeles in 1945, partly as insurance against the notoriously unreliable Parker not turning up for gigs, to fulfil a famous engagement at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles, the first time that New York bebop had been featured on the West Coast. On their return (minus Parker) to New York, he remained part of Gillespie's Sextet, playing both piano and vibes at that time, before choosing to concentrate on the latter instrument.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.63775634765625, "source": "search", "title": "Milt Jackson: 1923-1999 - Jazz Journalists Association" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "Miller Reese Hutchison (1876–1944) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He developed some of the first portable electric devices, such as a vehicle horn and a hearing aid.", "precise_score": 0.8767575025558472, "rough_score": -2.630028486251831, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "Hutchison was the inventor of the first electrical hearing aid, called the Akoulathon when it was first developed around 1895. It was also known as the microtelephone since it was essentially a self-contained version of the early telephone as invented by Alexander Graham Bell in the 1870s. His hearing aid was an electrical analog of the ear trumpet: a large carbon microphone called the \"transmitter\" ", "precise_score": -2.811917304992676, "rough_score": -6.137535095214844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "The development of the modern hearing aid might not have been possible had it not been for the contributions of two of the greatest inventors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Alexander Graham Bell electronically amplified sound in his telephone using a carbon microphone and battery -- a concept that was adopted by hearing aid manufacturers. In 1886, Thomas Edison invented the carbon transmitter, which changed sounds into electrical signals that could travel through wires and be converted back into sounds. This technology was used in the first hearing aids.", "precise_score": -0.23749250173568726, "rough_score": -4.0053606033325195, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "The Industrial Revolution allowed for the mass production of hearing aids and created a new middle class that could afford the technology. In the 1800s, several companies, including George P. Pilling and Sons of Philadelphia , and Kirchner and Wilhelm of Stuttgart, Germany, produced their own versions of hearing aids. In 1898, the Dictograph Company introduced the first commercial carbon-type hearing aid. A year later, Miller Reese Hutchison, of the Akouphone company in Alabama, patented the first practical electrical hearing aid, which used a carbon transmitter and battery. It was so large that it had to sit on a table, and it sold for $400.", "precise_score": -1.4095426797866821, "rough_score": -2.859156847000122, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "Hearing aids", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445876121520996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "After the Spanish–American War Hutchison went to Europe to promote his hearing aids. Several members of royal families were known to suffer from hereditary hearing loss. Queen Alexandra of Denmark was so happy with the results, she invited Hutchison to the coronation ceremony in 1902 when her husband became King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973166465759277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "By 1902, he had refined the hearing aid into a more portable form powered by batteries, which he then called the Acousticon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.830696105957031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "In 1905 Hutchison turned over the rights for the Acousticon to Kelley Monroe Turner (1859–1927). Turner would improve hearing aids (such as adding a volume control ) and apply the technology to other products. One was the dictograph, which was an early hands-free inter-office intercom system. Turner's General Acoustic Company was renamed Dictograph Products Company because of the market success of the dictograph.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.269481658935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "The carbon technology for hearing aids was used until the miniature vacuum tube replaced it in the 1940s. Advertisements in 1947 still carried the Acousticon brand name, and invoked Queen Alexandra's coronation image of 45 years earlier; model names were \"Coronation\" and \"Imperial\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.267110824584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miller Reese Hutchison" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124486923217773, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "Hearing Aid History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.751592636108398, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "The first hearing aids were enormous, horn-shaped trumpets with a large, open piece at one end that collected sound. The trumpet gradually tapered into a thin tube that funneled the sound into the ear.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3491849899292, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "In the 1920s, vacuum tubes were introduced to hearing aids, which made sound amplification more efficient, but enormous batteries still made them cumbersome.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.344359397888184, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "1952 ushered in the age of the transistor hearing aids. The addition of these simple on/off switches finally enabled the advent of a smaller hearing aid. Early transistor hearing aids were designed to fit within the frames of eyeglasses . Later, they were adapted to fit behind the ear. The first transistor hearing aid to hit the market in late 1952 was sold by Sonotone for $229.50.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.86336612701416, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "In the 1990s, hearing aids went digital. Sound quality improved and became more adjustable. Also during this time, programmable hearing aids were introduced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.877547264099121, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "At the turn of the 21st century, computer technology made hearing aids smaller and even more precise, with settings to accommodate virtually every type of listening environment. The newest generation of hearing aids can continually adjust themselves to improve sound quality and reduce background noise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.89028263092041, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" }, { "answer": "Hearing Aid", "passage": "For more information on hearing aids and related topics, check out the links on the following page.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55278205871582, "source": "search", "title": "Hearing Aid History - Hearing Aid Basics | HowStuffWorks" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "Charles Schulz said: \"My whole life has been one of rejection. Women. Dogs. Comic strips.\"", "precise_score": 9.503604888916016, "rough_score": 9.995834350585938, "source": "search", "title": "Any Morning by William Stafford | The Writer's Almanac ..." }, { "answer": "Charles Schulz", "passage": "It's the birthday of cartoonist Charles Schulz ( books by this author ), born in Minneapolis, Minnesota (1922). His parents left school after third grade, and his father was a barber who supported the family on 35 cent haircuts. Every Sunday, Schulz and his father read the \"funny pages\" together, and the boy hoped to become a cartoonist someday. But he had a tough time in school — he felt picked on by teachers and other students. He was smart enough to skip ahead a couple of grades, but that only made it worse. He wished someone would recognize his artistic talent, but his cartoons weren't even accepted by the high school yearbook.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.681697845458984, "source": "search", "title": "Any Morning by William Stafford | The Writer's Almanac ..." }, { "answer": "Charles M. Schulz", "passage": "Peanuts is a comic strip drawn by Charles M. Schulz from 1950 until 2000. It was also developed into several TV animated specials and four animated theatrical features. The strip's most recognizable icons are born-loser Charlie Brown and his anthropomorphic dog Snoopy, who always sleeps on top of his dog house instead of inside it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.858985900878906, "source": "search", "title": "Peanuts - Wikiquote" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist, considered the \"leading portrait painter of his generation\" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings. His oeuvre documents worldwide travel, from Venice to the Tyrol, Corfu, the Middle East, Montana, Maine, and Florida.", "precise_score": 4.469336032867432, "rough_score": 4.897700786590576, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "In 1874, on the first attempt, Sargent passed the rigorous exam required to gain admission to the École des Beaux-Arts, the premier art school in France. He took drawing classes, which included anatomy and perspective, and gained a silver prize. He also spent much time in self-study, drawing in museums and painting in a studio he shared with James Carroll Beckwith. He became both a valuable friend and Sargent's primary connection with the American artists abroad. Sargent also took some lessons from Léon Bonnat.", "precise_score": 2.2288219928741455, "rough_score": -0.30637112259864807, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "By the time Sargent finished his portrait of John D. Rockefeller in 1917, most critics began to consign him to the masters of the past, \"a brilliant ambassador between his patrons and posterity.\" Modernists treated him more harshly, considering him completely out of touch with the reality of American life and with emerging artistic trends including Cubism and Futurism. Sargent quietly accepted the criticism, but refused to alter his negative opinions of modern art. He retorted, \"Ingres, Raphael and El Greco, these are now my admirations, these are what I like.\" In 1925, soon before he died, Sargent painted his last oil portrait, a canvas of Grace Curzon, Marchioness Curzon of Kedleston. The painting was purchased in 1936 by the Currier Museum of Art, where it is on display. ", "precise_score": -0.6254335641860962, "rough_score": -1.309988260269165, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painters", "passage": "In 1922 Sargent co-founded New York City's Grand Central Art Galleries together with Edmund Greacen, Walter Leighton Clark, and others.\"Painters and Sculptors' Gallery Association to Begin Work\", New York Times, December 19, 1922. Sargent actively participated in the Grand Central Art Galleries and their academy, the Grand Central School of Art, until his death in 1925. The Galleries held a major retrospective exhibit of Sargent's work in 1924. He then returned to England, where he died on April 14, 1925 of heart disease. Sargent is interred in Brookwood Cemetery near Woking, Surrey. ", "precise_score": 2.1110291481018066, "rough_score": 2.9147865772247314, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent's friends and supporters Henry James, Isabella Stewart Gardner (who commissioned and purchased works from Sargent, and sought his advice on other acquisitions), and Edward VII., and Paul César Helleu His associations also included Prince Edmond de Polignac and Count Robert de Montesquiou. Other artists Sargent associated with were Dennis Miller Bunker, James Carroll Beckwith, Edwin Austin Abbey (who also worked on the Boston Public Library murals), Francis David Millet and Claude Monet, whom Sargent painted. Between 1905 and 1914, Sargent's frequent traveling companions were the married artist couple Wilfrid de Glehn and Jane Emmet de Glehn. The trio would often spend summers in France, Spain or Italy and all three would depict one another in their paintings during their travels. ", "precise_score": -0.7688767910003662, "rough_score": 0.0765269547700882, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "* John Singer Sargent's paintings ", "precise_score": 1.1483935117721558, "rough_score": 4.843502998352051, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was the most successful portrait painter of his era, as well as a gifted landscape painter and watercolorist. Sargent was born in Florence, Italy to American parents.", "precise_score": 3.7966220378875732, "rough_score": 6.38276481628418, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent - The complete works" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "A popular society portraitist and landscape painter, John Singer Sargent was born in Florence to wealthy American parents. He studied painting in France, where he enjoyed both critical acclaim and important patronage. Although he spent most of his time in Europe, he frequently accepted commissions from collectors in the United States. Whether rendered in oil, watercolor, or charcoal, Sargent’s works are characterized by naturalism, lively mark-making, and a sense of immediacy. Influenced by his friendship with Claude Monet , Sargent loved working en plein air , depicting the various places he traveled, including Italy, rural England, Giverny, the Mediterranean, northern Africa, and the Alps. During his later years, Sargent completed several mural projects, as well as working as an artist-correspondent during World War I.", "precise_score": 3.971696376800537, "rough_score": 4.989975929260254, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent | The Sketchers (1913) | Artsy" }, { "answer": "Painters", "passage": "Often derided as staidly traditional, John Singer Sargent in fact provided a glimpse of the modern world. Ahead of a major new exhibition, Sarah Chuchwell surveys the sensational portraits that caught the imagination of painters and authors alike", "precise_score": 0.707056999206543, "rough_score": 3.806447982788086, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "In 1893, Henry James wrote an essay praising his friend, the painter John Singer Sargent, in which he declared: “There is no greater work of art than a great portrait,” because of the empathetic vision it required. Sargent was remarkable, said James, for the “extraordinarily immediate” translation of his perception into a picture, “as if painting were pure tact of vision, a simple manner of feeling”. In particular, he admired Sargent’s “faculty of taking a fresh, direct, independent, unborrowed impression”. This admiration was widely shared: after seeing The Misses Hunter in 1902, Rodin called Sargent “the Van Dyck of our times”. But after Sargent’s death, his realism was viewed increasingly as anachronistic and facile, the work of a society painter, a careerist happy to pander to aristocratic privilege. One of the most successful and esteemed painters of his day was rapidly dismissed as virtuosic but lightweight, a slick craftsman rather than an innovative creator, superseded by Matisse and Picasso. He was a Gilded Age flatterer, “not an enthusiast,” sniffed Pissarro, “but rather an adroit performer”.", "precise_score": 1.698596715927124, "rough_score": 2.7530124187469482, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "“To live with Sargent’s water-colours is to live with sunshine captured and held,” according to the painter’s first biographer. Presenting more than 90 of Sargent’s dazzling works, this exhibition, co-organized with the Brooklyn Museum, combines for the first time the two most significant collections of watercolor paintings by John Singer Sargent (1856–1925), images created by a consummate artist with daring compositional strategies and a complex technique. “John Singer Sargent Watercolors” also celebrates a century of Sargent watercolors at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.", "precise_score": 1.599043607711792, "rough_score": 1.3423497676849365, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Watercolors | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "“John Singer Sargent Watercolors” offers visitors an unprecedented opportunity to view the magnificent works Sargent produced between 1902 and 1911, when he was at the height of his artistic powers and internationally recognized as the greatest American painter of his age. His bold and experimental approach to the medium caused a sensation in Britain and great excitement in America. The Brooklyn and Boston holdings (never before explored in a focused exhibition) were purchased by the two museums straight from Sargent’s only two American watercolor exhibitions, held at Knoedler Gallery in New York. (Brooklyn acquired its collection in 1909, and the MFA in 1912.) These daringly conceived compositions (along with a select group of oils), made in Spain and Portugal, Greece, Switzerland and the Alps, regions of Italy, Syria and Palestine, demonstrate the unity of Sargent’s artistic vision after the turn of the 20th century, when he sought to liberate himself from the burden of portrait commissions and to devote himself instead to painting scenes of landscape, labor, and leisure.", "precise_score": 2.2005562782287598, "rough_score": 5.522038459777832, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Watercolors | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork | JohnSingerSargent.net", "precise_score": 0.16138969361782074, "rough_score": 1.6935373544692993, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork ..." }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "John Singer Sargent was a breathtaking American portrait painter whose career spanned the late 19th to early 20th centuries", "precise_score": 3.4160895347595215, "rough_score": 6.004165172576904, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork ..." }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "BY the time John Singer Sargent reached his mid-40s at the beginning of the 20th century, he had long been saluted as the best society portrait painter of the Gilded Age. But he was having a midlife career crisis.", "precise_score": 1.265058994293213, "rough_score": 5.628263473510742, "source": "search", "title": "New Appreciation for the Watercolor Works of Sargent - The ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Richard Ormond, John Singer Sargent: Paintings, Drawings, Watercolors (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), p. 75.", "precise_score": 0.9756166338920593, "rough_score": 4.913582801818848, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris prior to moving to London. Sargent enjoyed international acclaim as a portrait painter, although not without controversy and some critical reservation; an early submission to the Paris Salon, his \"Portrait of Madame X\", was intended to consolidate his position as a society painter, but it resulted in scandal instead. From the beginning his work was characterized by remarkable technical facility, particularly in his ability to draw with a brush, which in later years inspired admiration as well as criticism for a supposed superficiality. His commissioned works were consistent with the grand manner of portraiture, while his informal studies and landscape paintings displayed a familiarity with Impressionism. In later life Sargent expressed ambivalence about the restrictions of formal portrait work, and devoted much of his energy to mural painting and working en plein air. He lived most of his life in Europe. Art historians generally ignored the society artists such as Sargent until the late 20th century. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.948897361755371, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "At thirteen, his mother reported that John \"sketches quite nicely, & has a remarkably quick and correct eye. If we could afford to give him really good lessons, he would soon be quite a little artist.\" At the age of thirteen, he received some watercolor lessons from Carl Welsch, a German landscape painter. Although his education was far from complete, Sargent grew up to be a highly literate and cosmopolitan young man, accomplished in art, music, and literature. He was fluent in French, Italian, and German. At seventeen, Sargent was described as \"willful, curious, determined and strong\" (after his mother) yet shy, generous, and modest (after his father). He was well-acquainted with many of the great masters from first hand observation, as he wrote in 1874, \"I have learned in Venice to admire Tintoretto immensely and to consider him perhaps second only to Michelangelo and Titian.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0440731048583984, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Carolus-Duran's atelier was progressive, dispensing with the traditional academic approach, which required careful drawing and underpainting, in favor of the alla prima method of working directly on the canvas with a loaded brush, derived from Diego Velázquez. It was an approach that relied on the proper placement of tones of paint. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206219673156738, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent's early enthusiasm was for landscapes, not portraiture, as evidenced by his voluminous sketches full of mountains, seascapes, and buildings. Carolus-Duran's expertise in portraiture finally influenced Sargent in that direction. Commissions for history paintings were still considered more prestigious, but were much harder to get. Portrait painting, on the other hand, was the best way of promoting an art career, getting exhibited in the Salon, and gaining commissions to earn a livelihood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.543393611907959, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent's first major portrait was of his friend Fanny Watts in 1877, and was also his first Salon admission. Its particularly well-executed pose drew attention. His second salon entry was the Oyster Gatherers of Cançale, an impressionistic painting of which he made two copies, one of which he sent back to the United States, and both received warm reviews. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8954315185546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "After leaving Carolus-Duran's atelier, Sargent visited Spain. There he studied the paintings of Velázquez with a passion, absorbing the master's technique, and in his travels gathered ideas for future works. He was entranced with Spanish music and dance. The trip also re-awakened his own talent for music (which was nearly equal to his artistic talent), and which found visual expression in his early masterpiece El Jaleo (1882). Music would continue to play a major part in his social life as well, as he was a skillful accompanist of both amateur and professional musicians. Sargent became a strong advocate for modern composers, especially Gabriel Fauré. Trips to Italy provided sketches and ideas for several Venetian street scenes genre paintings, which effectively captured gestures and postures he would find useful in later portraiture. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8956174850463867, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "His most controversial work, Portrait of Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau) (1884) is now considered one of his best works, and was the artist's personal favorite; he stated in 1915, \"I suppose it is the best thing I have done.\" when unveiled in Paris at the 1884 Salon, it aroused such a negative reaction that it likely prompted Sargent's move to London. Sargent's self-confidence had led him to attempt another risky experiment in portraiture—but this time it unexpectedly back-fired. The painting was not commissioned by her and he pursued her for the opportunity, quite unlike most of his portrait work where clients sought him out. Sargent wrote to a mutual acquaintance:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.853569984436035, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "It took well over a year to complete the painting. The first version of the portrait of Madame Gautreau, with the famously plunging neckline, white-powdered skin, and arrogantly cocked head, featured an off-the-shoulder dress strap which made the overall effect more daring and sensual. Sargent changed the strap to try to dampen the furor, but the damage had been done. French commissions dried up and he told his friend Edmund Gosse in 1885 that he contemplated giving up painting for music or business. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.759940147399902, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Prior to the Madame X scandal of 1884, Sargent had painted exotic beauties such as Rosina Ferrara of Capri, and the Spanish expatriate model Carmela Bertagna, but the earlier pictures had not been intended for broad public reception. Sargent kept the painting prominently displayed in his London studio until he sold it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1916, a few months after Gautreau's death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.967408657073975, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Before arriving in England, Sargent began sending paintings for exhibition at the Royal Academy. These included the portraits of Dr. Pozzi at Home (1881), a flamboyant essay in red and his first full-length male portrait, and the more traditional Mrs. Henry White (1883). The ensuing portrait commissions encouraged Sargent to complete his move to London in 1886. Notwithstanding the Madame X scandal, he had considered moving to London as early as 1882; he had been urged to do so repeatedly by his new friend, the novelist Henry James. In retrospect his transfer to London may be seen to have been inevitable. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.338048934936523, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent spent much time painting outdoors in the English countryside when not in his studio. On a visit to Monet at Giverny in 1885, Sargent painted one of his most Impressionistic portraits, of Monet at work painting outdoors with his new bride nearby. Sargent is usually not thought of as an Impressionist painter, but he sometimes used impressionistic techniques to great effect. His Claude Monet Painting at the Edge of a Wood is rendered in his own version of the impressionist style. In the 1880s, he attended the Impressionist exhibitions and he began to paint outdoors in the plein-air manner after that visit to Monet. Sargent purchased four Monet works for his personal collection during that time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.541751384735107, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent was similarly inspired to do a portrait of his artist friend Paul César Helleu, also painting outdoors with his wife by his side. A photograph very similar to the painting suggests that Sargent occasionally used photography as an aid to composition. Through Helleu, Sargent met and painted the famed French sculptor Auguste Rodin in 1884, a rather somber portrait reminiscent of works by Thomas Eakins. Although the British critics classified Sargent in the Impressionist camp, the French Impressionists thought otherwise. As Monet later stated, \"He is not an Impressionist in the sense that we use the word, he is too much under the influence of Carolus-Duran.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.821570873260498, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent's first major success at the Royal Academy came in 1887, with the enthusiastic response to Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, a large piece, painted on site, of two young girls lighting lanterns in an English garden in Broadway in the Cotswolds. The painting was immediately purchased by the Tate Gallery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.277893543243408, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "His first trip to New York and Boston as a professional artist in 1887–88 produced over twenty important commissions, including portraits of Isabella Stewart Gardner, the famed Boston art patron. His portrait of Mrs. Adrian Iselin, wife of a New York businessman, revealed her character in one of his most insightful works. In Boston, Sargent was honored with his first solo exhibition, which presented twenty-two of his paintings. Here he became friends with painter Dennis Miller Bunker who traveled to England in the summer of 1888 to paint with him en plein air and is the subject of Sargents painting 'Dennis Miller Bunker Painting at Calcot' 1888.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.553175926208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Back in London, Sargent was quickly busy again. His working methods were by then well-established, following many of the steps employed by other master portrait painters before him. After securing a commission through negotiations which he carried out, Sargent would visit the client's home to see where the painting was to hang. He would often review a client's wardrobe to pick suitable attire. Some portraits were done in the client's home, but more often in his studio, which was well-stocked with furniture and background materials he chose for proper effect. He usually required eight to ten sittings from his clients, although he would try to capture the face in one sitting. He usually kept up pleasant conversation and sometimes he would take a break and play the piano for his sitter. Sargent seldom used pencil or oil sketches, and instead lay down oil paint directly. Finally, he would select an appropriate frame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.856033802032471, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent had no assistants; he handled all the tasks, such as preparing his canvases, varnishing the painting, arranging for photography, shipping, and documentation. He commanded about $5,000 per portrait, or about $130,000 in current dollars. Some American clients traveled to London at their own expense to have Sargent paint their portrait.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.770521640777588, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "Around 1890, Sargent painted two daring non-commissioned portraits as show pieces—one of actress Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth and one of the popular Spanish dancer La Carmencita. Sargent was elected an associate of the Royal Academy, and was made a full member three years later. In the 1890s, he averaged fourteen portrait commissions per year, none more beautiful than the genteel Lady Agnew of Lochnaw, 1892. His portrait of Mrs. Hugh Hammersley (Mrs. Hugh Hammersley, 1892) was equally well received for its lively depiction of one of London's most notable hostesses. As a portrait painter in the grand manner, Sargent had unmatched success; he portrayed subjects who were at once ennobled and often possessed of nervous energy. Sargent was referred to as \"the Van Dyck of our times.\" Although Sargent was an American expatriate, he returned to the United States many times, often to answer the demand for commissioned portraits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.243403911590576, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Asher Wertheimer, a wealthy Jewish art dealer living in London, commissioned from Sargent a series of a dozen portraits of his family, the artist's largest commission from a single patron. The paintings reveal a pleasant familiarity between the artist and his subjects. Wertheimer bequeathed most of the paintings to the National Gallery. In 1888, Sargent released his portrait of Alice Vanderbilt Shepard, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Many of his most important works are in museums in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.082006931304932, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "By 1900, Sargent was at the height of his fame. Cartoonist Max Beerbohm completed one of his seventeen caricatures of Sargent, making well-known to the public the artist's paunchy physique. Although only in his forties, Sargent began to travel more and to devote relatively less time to portrait painting. His An Interior in Venice (1900), a portrait of four members of the Curtis family in their elegant palatial home, Palazzo Barbaro, was a resounding success. But, Whistler did not approve of the looseness of Sargent's brushwork, which he summed up as \"smudge everywhere.\" One of Sargent's last major portraits in his bravura style was that of Lord Ribblesdale, in 1902, finely attired in an elegant hunting uniform. Between 1900 and 1907, Sargent continued his high productivity, which included, in addition to dozens of oil portraits, hundreds of portrait drawings at about $400 each. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0300493240356445, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "In 1907, at the age of fifty-one, Sargent officially closed his studio. Relieved, he stated, \"Painting a portrait would be quite amusing if one were not forced to talk while working…What a nuisance having to entertain the sitter and to look happy when one feels wretched.\" In that same year, Sargent painted his modest and serious self-portrait, his last, for the celebrated self-portrait collection of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.194197654724121, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "As Sargent wearied of portraiture he pursued architectural and landscapes subjects . During a visit to Rome in 1906 Sargent made an oil painting and several pencil sketches of the exterior staircase and balustrade in front of the Church of Saints Dominic and Sixtus, now the church of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. The double staircase built in 1654 is the design of architect and sculptor Orazio Torriani (fl.1602–1657). In 1907 he wrote: \"I did in Rome a study of a magnificent curved staircase and balustrade, leading to a grand facade that would reduce a millionaire to a worm....\" The painting now hangs at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University and the pencil sketches are in the collection of the Harvard University art collection of the Fogg Museum. Sargent later used the architectural features of this stair and balustrade in a portrait of Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University from 1869 to 1909. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9648756980895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent's fame was still considerable and museums eagerly bought his works. That year he declined a knighthood and decided instead to keep his American citizenship. From 1907 on, Sargent largely forsook portrait painting and focused on landscapes in his later years. He made numerous visits to the United States in the last decade of his life, including a stay of two full years from 1915 to 1917. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8924596309661865, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "During Sargent's long career, he painted more than 2,000 watercolors, roving from the English countryside to Venice to the Tyrol, Corfu, the Middle East, Montana, Maine, and Florida. Each destination offered pictorial stimulation and treasure. Even at his leisure, in escaping the pressures of the portrait studio, he painted with restless intensity, often painting from morning until night.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0168538093566895, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "With his watercolors, Sargent was able to indulge his earliest artistic inclinations for nature, architecture, exotic peoples, and noble mountain landscapes. And it is in some of his late works where one senses Sargent painting most purely for himself. His watercolors were executed with a joyful fluidness. He also painted extensively family, friends, gardens, and fountains. In watercolors, he playfully portrayed his friends and family dressed in Orientalist costume, relaxing in brightly lit landscapes that allowed for a more vivid palette and experimental handling than did his commissions (The Chess Game, 1906). His first major solo exhibit of watercolor works was at the Carfax Gallery in London in 1905. In 1909, he exhibited eighty-six watercolors in New York City, eighty-three of which were bought by the Brooklyn Museum. Evan Charteris wrote in 1927:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.644821643829346, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painters", "passage": "As a concession to the insatiable demand of wealthy patrons for portraits, Sargent dashed off hundreds of rapid charcoal portrait sketches, which he called \"Mugs.\" Forty-six of these, spanning the years 1890–1916, were exhibited at the Royal Society of Portrait Painters in 1916. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8011674880981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent worked on the murals from 1895 through 1919; they were intended to show religion's (and society's) progress, from pagan superstition up through the ascension of Christianity, concluding with a painting depicting Jesus delivering the Sermon on the Mount. But Sargent's paintings of \"The Church\" and \"The Synagogue,\" installed in late 1919, inspired a debate about whether the artist had represented Judaism in a stereotypical, or even an anti-Semitic, manner. Drawing upon iconography that was used in medieval paintings, Sargent portrayed Judaism and the synagogue as a blind, ugly hag, and Christianity and the church as a lovely, and radiant young woman. He also failed to understand how these representations might be problematic for the Jews of Boston; he was both surprised and hurt when the paintings were criticized. The paintings were objectionable to Boston Jews since they seemed to show Judaism defeated, and Christianity triumphant. The Boston newspapers also followed the controversy, noting that while many found the paintings offensive, not everyone was in agreement. In the end, Sargent abandoned his plan to finish the murals, and the controversy eventually died down.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3851065635681152, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Upon his return to England in 1918 after a visit to the United States, Sargent was commissioned as a war artist by the British Ministry of Information. In his large painting Gassed and in many watercolors, he depicted scenes from the Great War. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.975938320159912, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "It has been suggested that Sargent's reputation in the 1890s as \"the painter of the Jews\" may have been due to his empathy with, and complicit enjoyment of their mutual social otherness. One such client, Betty Wertheimer, wrote that when in Venice Sargent \"was only interested in the Venetian gondoliers\". The painter Jacques-Émile Blanche, who was one of his early sitters, said after Sargent's death that his sex life \"was notorious in Paris, and in Venice, positively scandalous. He was a frenzied bugger.\" The truth of this may never be established.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.686583995819092, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "In December 2004, Group with Parasols (A Siesta) (1905) sold for $US 23.5 million, nearly double the Sotheby's estimate of $12 million. The previous highest price for a Sargent painting was $US 11 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.293976783752441, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "File:John D. Rockefeller 1917 painting.jpg|John D. Rockefeller, 1917", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.411857604980469, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "*Claude Monet Painting by the Edge of a Wood (1885) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214381217956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "*[http://www.jssgallery.org/Paintings/10218.html Portrait of Edwin Booth] (1890), formerly hanging at The Players Club, now in the collection of the Amon Carter Museum of American Art", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132827758789062, "source": "wiki", "title": "John Singer Sargent" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent studied with Carolus-Duran, whose influence would be pivotal, from 1874-1878. Carolus-Duran's atelier was progressive, dispensing with the traditional academic approach which required careful drawing and underpainting, in favor of the alla prima method of working directly on the canvas with a loaded brush, derived from Diego Velázquez. It was an approach which relied on the proper placement of tones of paint.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.490348815917969, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent - The complete works" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The forthcoming exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery aims to end that assessment for good by crediting the texture and inventiveness of Sargent’s realism. It is not a full retrospective, focusing instead on Sargent’s interactions in artistic and intellectual circles, but it certainly makes the case for a show that would reveal all of Sargent’s range – not only the many magnificent portraits on display in this exhibition, but also his landscapes, watercolours, sketches and murals, as well as the extraordinary Gassed, the colossal late painting of soldiers blinded on the western front that anticipates “proletarian realism”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.200933456420898, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "This notion of art as perfect empathy is also the novelist’s art; it is no coincidence that James and Sargent have so often been paired. They had much in common, not least as Americans raised across the European continent by affluent parents on a kind of permanent grand tour. Sargent was born in Florence in 1856, and spent his formative years travelling around France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Spain. This “Baedeker education” made Sargent multilingual, “civilised to his fingertips”, in James’s words. But their affinities ran much deeper than being well-travelled cosmopolitans who focused largely on high-society subjects. Both brought to an apparently conventional realism an experimental sensibility, exploring psychology, narrative and identity. Sargent is the novelist’s painter, his portraits intimating entire worlds, dramas or what James always called “scenes”. Like James, Sargent had an instinctive appreciation for what it meant to “make a scene”. Sargent’s first biographer, his friend Evan Charteris, wrote in 1927 that Sargent’s best portraits reveal “Jamesian perplexities, the play of social type against personality, of the sitter’s inner nature against fashion’s constantly shifting ideals”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.492931842803955, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "A celebrity in his day, Sargent was notoriously publicity-shy, avoiding interviews and ferociously guarding his privacy. The artist William Rothenstein recalled: “I think of his huge frame, of his superb appetite, his constant consumption of cigars; of his odd shyness too, and his self-consciousness, of his decided opinions expressed with a Jamesian defensiveness.” Just over 6ft tall, he was affable, urbane and social, and devoted to the creation of beauty. Sargent told his cousin that his earliest memory was of a deep red cobblestone in a gutter in Florence that obsessed him. Drawing from a young age, he studied painting in Paris with Carolus-Duran, who became the subject of his first major portrait in 1879. His paintings elicited praise from the start and began to win prizes, his virtuosity of technique recognised almost immediately. At just 26, he painted both El Jaleo and The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, as well as the beautiful Lady with the Rose. James called El Jaleo “astonishing” for “the sense it gives of assimilated secrets and instinct and knowledge”. The famous Daughters of Edward Darley Boit offers a salute to Velázquez’s Las Meninas , but daringly composes its apparently conventional Edwardian subject around empty space, giving the painting a dark, enigmatic edge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.603681564331055, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "RAM Stevenson, a cousin of Robert Louis Stevenson who studied with Sargent in Paris, wrote of his classmate’s remarkable talent: “Sargent’s painting is strict painting, as Bach’s fugues are strict music.” An accomplished musician himself, Sargent was known for talking constantly while he painted, and would walk around the room (he once estimated that he walked four miles every day going back and forth around his model and the easel) and interrupt his work to play the piano. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, painted in the late summer of 1885 and 1886, was named for a popular song; its style “is poised”, the exhibition catalogue notes, “between several aesthetics: French impressionism, English pre-Raphaelitism and aestheticism”. Sargent’s chief aim in this portrait, all who watched him create it agreed, was to capture en plein air the transient quality of “fugitive evening light”. It took him two years to achieve, for he could only paint for 25 minutes each night in late summer: every evening at 6:45 Sargent “would drop his tennis racquet”, remembered a friend, and “lug out the big canvas” from his 70ft-long studio into the garden, where he would paint for as long as “the effect lasted”. He had almost certainly been to Giverny by then, and had watched Monet paint out of doors. He came to share Monet’s preoccupation with the play of natural light, but he never fully embraced impressionism’s subordination of subject to technique, its willingness to dissolve representation into paint, colour and light.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.863961696624756, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Although Sargent’s subjects were often posed, his oeuvre suggests the painter as flaneur, strolling through metropolitan cities and capturing the personalities he encountered, the scenes he saw. His own coterie was stylish, knowing, chic: he portrayed other painters, sculptors, musicians, actors, dancers, including WB Yeats, Eleonora Duse, Edwin Booth, Edmund Gosse, George Meredith, Antonio Mancini (whom Sargent once described as “the best living painter”), the collector and hostess Isabella Stewart Gardner. There is the famous portrait of Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth, raising the crown on to her head, and the 1885 picture of Robert Louis Stevenson and his wife, Fanny, who said their portrait was “like an open box of jewels”. He painted a Chilean mining heiress, formidable and stylishly dressed, who became a lay nun and had her habit designed by Coco Chanel . There is An Interior of Venice, depicting the Palazzo Barbaro on the Grand Canal, where James wrote The Wings of the Dove, and which some have speculated may have helped inspire The Aspern Papers. Sargent presented the painting as a gift to his hostess, but, offended by her appearance and her son’s informal pose, she rejected it, to the dismay of James, who wrote to her that he “absolutely and unreservedly adored” the painting. She did not change her mind. There is Sargent’s first double portrait, from 1881, of the Pailleron children. They are in a claustrophobic, dark but richly furnished space, and seem to have a knowing gaze; viewers have since been reminded of the doubtful children in James’s Turn of the Screw, written more than 15 years after the picture was first shown. There is the scarlet Dr Pozzi, painted as a handsome, louche aesthete, whose dressing gown slyly evokes cardinals: contemporary British reviewers found it objectionably Parisian, too insolent, too en vogue. Sargent’s paintings may look staidly traditional now, but they were seen as modern when he painted them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.495230674743652, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Celebrity and theatricality were central to Sargent’s style, and his success. It is the portrait of Amélie Gautreau, titled Madame X, for which he remains best known. Working on the painting, he told his friend the writer Vernon Lee that he was “struggling with the unpaintable beauty and hopeless laziness” of his sitter, but eventually, fusing techniques from Velázquez, Titian and Manet, as well as Sargent’s then fashionable interest in Japanese art, he produced a painting now seen as a masterpiece, but which first inspired outrage, creating a succes de scandale when it was exhibited at the 1884 Paris Salon. Reviews either objected to Madame Gautreau’s appearance (some complaining at the powder-blue pallor of her skin, others at the depth of her decolletage or the shockingly wanton shoulder strap allowed to fall suggestively loose) or hailed the modernity of Sargent’s technique.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.780302047729492, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "When he sold Madame X to the New York Metropolitan Museum years later, Sargent admitted to feeling it might have been the best work he had ever done, but at the time he was unnerved by the malice it elicited. He beat a retreat to London, where James had promised him a more sympathetic reception. British critics did not, in fact, instantly embrace Sargent: The Misses Vickers was voted the worst painting of 1886 by the Royal Academy, for example, while the Spectator demanded: “Could we fancy anyone a hundred years hence caring to possess such a picture as this?” Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose might strike some viewers as prettily pre-Raphaelite (although they would have to ignore its spectacular luminescence), but it provoked controversy when it was purchased through the Chantrey Bequest, one journal reporting that “artists [had] almost come to blows over this picture”. Modern, too, are the expressionist portrait of Lee, who appears to be chattering away, and a lovely impressionist evocation of one of Sargent’s touchstones, Monet, characteristically painting outside, sur le motif. There is the famous 1913 portrait of James for his 70th birthday, which, as the catalogue notes, delighted the Master: “Sargent at his very best and poor old HJ not at his worst; in short a living breathing likeness and a masterpiece of painting.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.67714262008667, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "Of Sargent’s private life, little is known. He never married; although twice he was suspected of being on the verge of an engagement, nothing came of it. Many have come to believe that his extreme privacy was a sign on the closet door, signalling a life kept carefully secret to hide desires deemed unacceptable (and illegal). Certainly Sargent executed many – very beautiful – drawings of male nudes, which he did not exhibit during his life. It is also true that a number of men with similarly suppressed or hidden desires, including James, were among his close circle of friends. But so were married couples, and heterosexual philanderers. The painter Jacques-Émile Blanche, who once sat for Sargent, claimed after his death that Sargent was “notorious in Paris, and in Venice, positively scandalous. He was a frenzied bugger.” But no other affirmation of this claim has come to light, and Sargent’s private papers were destroyed. Many scholars believe he had an affair with Louise Burckhardt, who sat for Lady with the Rose, while some of his female nudes have struck viewers as being as erotic as his males.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.681946754455566, "source": "search", "title": "How John Singer Sargent made a scene | Art and design ..." }, { "answer": "Painter", "passage": "In May 1874, Sargent entered the teaching atelier of a youthful, stylish painter, Carolus-Duran, a leading portraitist in Third Republic France who encouraged his students to paint immediately (rather than make preliminary drawings), to exploit broad planes of viscous pigment, and to preserve the freshness of the sketch in completed works. He also exhorted them to study artists who demonstrated painterly freedom: Frans Hals and Rembrandt ; Sir Anthony van Dyck and Sir Joshua Reynolds; and, above all others, the Spanish master Diego Velázquez . The young American moved close to his teacher stylistically and became his protégé. There is almost no work by Sargent, beginning with his successful submissions to the Paris Salons as early as 1877, that does not reflect the manner of Carolus-Duran or the old masters of the painterly tradition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.270954132080078, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent at the Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Sargent’s most ambitious Broadway canvas was the ravishing Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose (Tate Britain, London). The painting’s display at the Royal Academy in 1887 assuaged the doubts of English critics, and its acquisition for the British nation augured well for his career in London. Although English patrons still hesitated to sit for Sargent during the late 1880s, Americans were eager to do so during his visits to the United States between 1887 and 1889. Reassured by the conspicuous quality of Sargent’s portraits, British patrons finally responded with numerous commissions during the 1890s. While his subjects included businessmen and their families, artists, and performers, Sargent flourished particularly as a purveyor of likenesses to the English aristocracy. He maintained a dialogue with tradition, creating grand-manner pendants to family heirlooms by van Dyck, Reynolds, and others. American patrons also continued to call upon Sargent’s skills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.811608791351318, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent at the Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "After the turn of the century, Sargent grew tired of the demands of portrait painting. He was constantly preoccupied with mural paintings for the Boston Public Library, Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts, and the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, for which he had received a series of commissions beginning in 1890. Travel studies in watercolor also came to occupy more of his time and became a new source of critical and financial support. Beginning in 1903, he showed such pictures to acclaim in London and New York, stimulating a great demand for them. Sargent engineered his career so astutely that by 1907, when he pledged not to accept any more portrait commissions, he had established a solid reputation as a watercolorist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.943905830383301, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent at the Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The exhibition is accompanied by a full-color catalogue exploring Sargent’s engagement with watercolor painting and examining the technical mastery that led to such brilliant work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.915083885192871, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Watercolors | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston" }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The best known portrait painting by the artist could be Theodore Roosevelt when considering the status of this subject, but there are also many other significant portrait paintings which technically are just as impressive. Check out more on Singer Sargent here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0022759437561035, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork ..." }, { "answer": "Painters", "passage": "Sargent also produced many charcoal drawings too, and these help us to appreciate his raw technical skills that lay behind his work in all different mediums. Sketches play in a significant part in the work of many portrait painters, such as Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, as they looked to hone their skills.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5640668869018555, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The artists's travels progressed his development as an artist beyond all recognition, such as his spell in Spain where he was to study in detail the wor of Diego Velazquez. This was a different approach to painting which he found exciting and more original than the academically approved methods which he had been taught previously.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.979180335998535, "source": "search", "title": "John Singer Sargent Paintings, Prints & Artwork ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The lush results are not only “very beautiful,” Ms. Carbone said, but also innovative in ways that are just now being appreciated — even by her and Erica E. Hirshler, senior curator of American paintings at the Boston museum, who collaborated on the exhibition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121739387512207, "source": "search", "title": "New Appreciation for the Watercolor Works of Sargent - The ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Then, in 1908, his friend, the Boston artist Edward Darley Boit — whose family was the subject of Sargent’s renowned 1882 painting “The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit” — wrote to him. Boit proposed a joint exhibition at the Knoedler & Company gallery in New York. Sargent eventually agreed, probably to help his old friend’s career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.421360969543457, "source": "search", "title": "New Appreciation for the Watercolor Works of Sargent - The ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Art Institute of Chicago, Twenty-fifth Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture, November 5-December 8, 1912, cat. 228.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.244546890258789, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "State Fair of Texas, Art Department, 1933 Exhibition Showing the Changes in Painting for the Last Hundred Years in Europe and America, 1933, cat. 76.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2147855758667, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Indiana, South Bend Art Association, American Painting in the Manner of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, February 10-March 31, 1948, cat. 46.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099952697753906, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Durand Art Institute, Lake Forest College, A Century of American Painting: Masterpieces Loaned by The Art Institute of Chicago, June 10-16, 1957, cat. 16, as The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08332633972168, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "General Catalogue of Paintings, Sculpture and Other Objects in the Museum, (Chicago, 1914), p. 158, ill.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.150280952453613, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "The Art Institute of Chicago Handbook of Paintings and Drawings (Chicago, 1920), p. 45.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065549850463867, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "A Guide to the Paintings in the Permanent Collection (Chicago, 1925), p. 152.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.226424217224121, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "A Guide to the Paintings in the Permanent Collection (Chicago, 1932), p. 170.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266315460205078, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, 1961), p. 411.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937219619750977, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painting", "passage": "James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein, The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture (Chicago / Hudson Hills Press, 1996), p. 15.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.108132362365723, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." }, { "answer": "Painters", "passage": "Lance Mayer et al., \"American Painters on Technique: 1860-1945\" (J. Paul Getty Museum/Getty Publications, 2013), cover (ill.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.044103622436523, "source": "search", "title": "The Fountain, Villa Torlonia, Frascati, Italy | The Art ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) in the San Salvador area, El Salvador", "precise_score": 8.44021987915039, "rough_score": 8.287450790405273, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "When you search for hotels near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), El Salvador.", "precise_score": 6.801603317260742, "rough_score": 7.888233661651611, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) is situated in the San Salvador area, El Salvador", "precise_score": 8.842894554138184, "rough_score": 8.417996406555176, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "If visiting Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) is a must, then be sure to check out our detailed location mapping to find the best hotel closest to Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL), El Salvador.", "precise_score": 7.295372009277344, "rough_score": 8.00411605834961, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero) , previously known as Comalapa International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Comalapa); previous Official name El Salvador International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional El Salvador). is an airport located about 50 km from San Salvador in El Salvador. With 2,076,258 passengers in 2008, it is the busiest airport in El Salvador and third-busiest in Central America by passenger traffic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6838555335998535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "On 16 January 2014, El Salvador President Mauricio Funes announced in San Salvador 's Presidential House the renaming of El Salvador International Airport to Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero. The Comalapa name will remain until the phase or renaming is complete which is expected to be completed before his presidential term ends. The Legislature of El Salvador approved the name change on 19 March 2014 without the vote of ARENA and PDC, to Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport. El Salvador's former President Mauricio Funes on 24 March 2014 unveiled a ceremonial plaque with the renaming of the airport as Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.083931922912598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Expanding the International Airport of El Salvador (AIES) will cost $492.7 million and will occur in four phases from 2014-2032, as provided by new master plan for development of the terminal, which was presented by the CEPA in December 2013. The autonomous values first choice for funding expanded Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Unlike the Master Plan 2007 of Airports of Paris, this new proposal by Kimley Horn does not include building a new passenger terminal. Instead, it will restore and rehabilitate and expand the terminal. The new renovated terminal will have a three-story building where it will separate the traffic flows of passengers arriving and departing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.064995765686035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "Salvadorean", "passage": "There are several drug enforcement agents conducting random security checks and interviews of travelers at the airport. These agents can be identified due to the items they wear such as a fanny pack, either around the waist or over the shoulder. They also carry an airport access identification card around the neck. One side of the badge carrier shows the airport identification and access card with their photo, the other side of the carrier has the Salvadorean drug enforcement agency official badge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.883164405822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Also Claro El Salvador has free Wifi throughout the whole airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994688034057617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "The International Airport of El Salvador, based in the town of San Luis Talpa, La Paz, received an international certification from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), after an investment of $8 million and a process of four years and two extensions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.258093357086182, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "Salvadorian", "passage": "The document credits the Salvadorian airport terminal compliance with all safety regulations issued under the Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), on fire control and health care, removal of rubber from the runways, lights and safety signs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.194680213928223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "The certification will enable El Salvador to keep the category 1ante Federal Aviation Administration United States. \"From the start of operations of the airport in January 1980, the terminal has been characterized by its safety,\" said Ricardo Sauerbrey, head of the Salvadorian terminal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.298847198486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "*In 2001, El Salvador experienced an earthquake (7.6 in the Richter scale). El Salvador International Airport (SAL) closed several hours due to airport damage, all damage was successfully repaired.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46611499786377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "* November 2013, A Copa Airlines Flight from Los Angeles with destination to Panama City, Panama, had to perform an emergency landing at El Salvador Intl. Airport due to technical problems.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.852038383483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport" }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) in San Salvador, El Salvador | Hotels.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.38159704208374, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) and refine your search within San Salvador or El Salvador based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.032846450805664, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) in San Salvador, El Salvador | Hotels.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.38159704208374, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." }, { "answer": "El Salvador", "passage": "Our map based hotel search can be accessed from the above map image on this page (or via standard search results) and with the locations of each hotel shown clearly around Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL) you're able to refine your search within San Salvador or El Salvador based upon other nearby landmarks and neighbourhoods as well as transport options to help you get around. If you're driving be sure to also check the hotels for onsite parking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.530431747436523, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Hotels Near Cuscatlan International Airport (SAL ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Albino Luciani", "Albino Luciano", "Albino Cardinal Luciani", "263rd pope", "Pope john paul 1", "Ioannes Paulus PP. I", "The September Pope", "John Paul I", "The Smiling Pope", "Pope John Paul I", "The smile of God", "John Paul I of Rome", "John-Paul I", "Edoardo Luciani", "September Pope" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "smiling pope", "pope john paul 1", "263rd pope", "john paul i", "albino luciano", "smile of god", "pope john paul i", "john paul i of rome", "albino luciani", "september pope", "ioannes paulus pp i", "edoardo luciani", "albino cardinal luciani" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "john paul i", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "John Paul I" }

[ { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "In more recent times, John Paul I was elected Pope August 26, 1978, and died of a heart attack September 28th of that same year. Though many believe his death was due to something far m0re sinister , the Church officially lists his death as being from a heart attack. His immediate successor became John Paul II in tribute, and went on to record the third-longest Papacy of all time.", "precise_score": -3.0337159633636475, "rough_score": -4.4543538093566895, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Popes With The Shortest Reigns Ever - Toptenz.net" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Pope John Paul I had one of the shortest reigns in the history of the papacy - and his death is a matter of some speculation among conspiracy theorists. Many believe that he was murdered in order to prevent him from learning or revealing embarrassing facts about the Church.", "precise_score": 4.017336845397949, "rough_score": 2.9182491302490234, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 20th Century - About.com Religion & Spirituality" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "The currently reigning pope, Pope John Paul II is also one of the longest reigning popes in the history of the Church. John Paul as tried to steera course between reform and tradition, often siding more strongly with the forces of tradition, much to the dismay of progressive Catholics.", "precise_score": -0.20802445709705353, "rough_score": -4.206750869750977, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 20th Century - About.com Religion & Spirituality" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Pope John Paul I had one of the shortest reigns in the history of the papacy - and his death is a matter of some speculation among conspiracy theorists. Many believe that he was murdered in order to prevent him from learning or revealing embarrassing facts about the Church.", "precise_score": 4.017336845397949, "rough_score": 2.9182491302490234, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 21st Century: History of the Roman Catholic ..." }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "The currently reigning pope, Pope John Paul II is also one of the longest reigning popes in the history of the Church. John Paul as tried to steera course between reform and tradition, often siding more strongly with the forces of tradition, much to the dismay of progressive Catholics.", "precise_score": -0.20802445709705353, "rough_score": -4.206750869750977, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 21st Century: History of the Roman Catholic ..." }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Laid down the seeds of Catholic social teaching through his encyclical, Rerum Novarum (On Capital and Labor) and supported Christian democracy as against communism; he is the third-longest reigning pope after Pius IX (reigned for 31 years) and John Paul II (reigned for 26 years", "precise_score": -2.1749727725982666, "rough_score": -4.666643142700195, "source": "search", "title": "Chronological List of Popes - e-Catholic 2000" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "For centuries, from 1378 on, those elected to the papacy were predominantly Italians. Prior to the election of the Polish cardinal Karol Wojtyla as Pope John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was Pope Adrian VI of the Netherlands, elected in 1522. John Paul II was followed by election of the German-born Pope Benedict XVI, who was in turn followed by Argentine-born Pope Francis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.327465534210205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum—that is, a sede vacante (\"vacant seat\")—were promulgated by Pope John Paul II in his 1996 document Universi Dominici Gregis. During the \"sede vacante\" period, the College of Cardinals is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church; however, canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the Holy See. Any decision that requires the assent of the pope has to wait until the new pope has been elected and accepts office. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.355855941772461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "In recent centuries, when a pope was judged to have died, it was reportedly traditional for the Cardinal Camerlengo to confirm the death ceremonially by gently tapping the pope's head thrice with a silver hammer, calling his birth name each time. This was not done on the deaths of popes John Paul I and John Paul II. The Cardinal Camerlengo retrieves the Ring of the Fisherman and cuts it in two in the presence of the Cardinals. The pope's seals are defaced, to keep them from ever being used again, and his personal apartment is sealed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9862589836120605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "This title \"Vicar of Christ\" is thus not used of the pope alone and has been used of all bishops since the early centuries. The Second Vatican Council referred to all bishops as \"vicars and ambassadors of Christ\", and this description of the bishops was repeated by Pope John Paul II in his encyclical [http://www.vatican.va/edocs/ENG0221/__PT.HTM Ut unum sint,] 95. The difference is that the other bishops are vicars of Christ for their own local churches, the pope is vicar of Christ for the whole Church. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.706828117370605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Papal bulls are headed N. Episcopus Servus Servorum Dei (\"Name, Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God\"). In general, they are not signed by the pope, but Pope John Paul II introduced in the mid-1980s the custom by which the pope signs not only bulls of canonization but also, using his normal signature, such as \"Benedictus PP. XVI\", bulls of nomination of bishops. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.695125579833984, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "* Sedia gestatoria, a mobile throne carried by twelve footmen (palafrenieri) in red uniforms, accompanied by two attendants bearing flabella (fans made of white ostrich feathers), and sometimes a large canopy, carried by eight attendants. The use of the flabella was discontinued by Pope John Paul I. The use of the sedia gestatoria was discontinued by Pope John Paul II. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775337219238281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "# St. John Paul II (1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.954466819763184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "#John Paul I (26 August – 28 September 1978): reigned for 34 calendar days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.924007415771484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pope" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "10. Benedict V and John Paul I (tied at 33 days)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.357169151306152, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Popes With The Shortest Reigns Ever - Toptenz.net" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "264. Pope John Paul I : August 26, 1978 - September 28, 1978 (33 days)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.675485134124756, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 20th Century - About.com Religion & Spirituality" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "265. Pope John Paul II : October 16, 1978 - April 2, 2005", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3513712882995605, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 20th Century - About.com Religion & Spirituality" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Pope John Paul I (1978) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.230124473571777, "source": "search", "title": "Pope John Paul I (1978) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Pope John Paul I (1978)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8377909660339355, "source": "search", "title": "Pope John Paul I (1978) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "264. Pope John Paul I : August 26, 1978 - September 28, 1978 (33 days)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.675485134124756, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 21st Century: History of the Roman Catholic ..." }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "265. Pope John Paul II : October 16, 1978 - April 2, 2005", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3513712882995605, "source": "search", "title": "Popes of the 21st Century: History of the Roman Catholic ..." }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "In the 17th century, the Vatican's standards for sainthood were formalized. A non-martyr would need to have performed four posthumous miracles, usually spontaneous healings. (Today, the church requires a team of doctors to verify their veracity and prove that miraculous healings were not the result of modern medicine.) The process included two major steps: beatification, the pope's recognition that a person is worthy of consideration, which begins a lengthy investigation process; and canonization, the pope's formal recognition that a person is truly a saint. In each case the argument for sainthood would be rebutted by a Devil's Advocate, a person appointed by the Church to argue against the case for sainthood. Before becoming pontiff, Pope Benedict XIV was one of the foremost Devil's Advocates of the 18th century. It wasn't until 1983 that a revised Code of Canon Law was published that included reforms to the canonization process begun in 1913. Under Pope John Paul II the procedures for investigating and recognizing a saint were streamlined, the Devil's Advocate position was eliminated and the number of miracles required for beatification and canonization was reduced to two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.929920196533203, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of Sainthood - TIME" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Over his 27-year tenure, Pope John Paul II named more saints than all his predecessors combined, beatifying more than 1,300 people and canonizing nearly 500. He fast-tracked Mother Theresa's canonization, and made a distinct effort to identify saints in Africa and Asia. In 2000, much to the chagrin of the communist government there, John Paul II canonized the first saints in China, naming 87 Chinese citizens and 33 foreign missionaries who had died in the country between 1648 and 1930. He also named the first saint from Brazil, home to more Catholics than any other country. Many within the Catholic church disapproved of the mass canonizations, which one critic calling the pope's actions \"Vatican marketing decisions.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.700261116027832, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of Sainthood - TIME" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "But at Pope John Paul II's funeral in 2005, those gathered at St. Peter's Basilica shouted \"Santo subito!\" — Sainthood now! The current pope, Benedict XVI, began the beatification process for John Paul II within a month of his death, waiving the five-year waiting period usually required between a candidate's death and the beatification process.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.74956226348877, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of Sainthood - TIME" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "The only Dutch pope. Last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. The tutor of Emperor Charles V", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.347354412078857, "source": "search", "title": "Chronological List of Popes - e-Catholic 2000" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Servant of God John Paul I Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518759727478027, "source": "search", "title": "Chronological List of Popes - e-Catholic 2000" }, { "answer": "Albino Luciani", "passage": "Albino Luciani", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495780944824219, "source": "search", "title": "Chronological List of Popes - e-Catholic 2000" }, { "answer": "John Paul I", "passage": "Ven. John Paul II (John Paul the Great) Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22218132019043, "source": "search", "title": "Chronological List of Popes - e-Catholic 2000" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Eugene Curran \"Gene\" Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996) was an American dancer, actor, singer, film director, producer and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks, and the likeable characters that he played on screen.", "precise_score": 4.886559009552002, "rough_score": 4.705063819885254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gene Kelly" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Gene’s parents were James Patrick Joseph Kelly and Harriet Curran.  They married in 1906.", "precise_score": 2.947584390640259, "rough_score": 1.2042261362075806, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Finding in-laws is a bonus, and a great way to discover maiden names.  If I didn’t already know that Harriet’s maiden name was Curran (from Gene’s biography – and it is also Gene’s middle name), I would have discovered it on the 1930 census since her brother Frank Curran was living with the Kelly family.  Also, I knew Harriet’s mother’s maiden name was “Eckhart” from the biography, and the 1880 census of the Curran family lists her brother and sisters – James, Jennie, and Josephine Eckerd.", "precise_score": 5.3821258544921875, "rough_score": 5.416155815124512, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Kelly was born in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh. He was the third son of James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman, and his wife Harriet Catherine Curran. His father was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, to an Irish Canadian family. His maternal grandfather was an immigrant from Derry, Northern Ireland, and his maternal grandmother was of German ancestry. When he was eight, Kelly's mother enrolled him and his brother James in dance classes. They both rebelled, as recalled by Kelly: \"We didn't like it much and were continually involved in fistfights with the neighborhood boys who called us sissies...I didn't dance again until I was fifteen.\" At one time his childhood dream was to play shortstop for the hometown Pittsburgh Pirates. By the time he decided to dance, he was an accomplished sportsman and able to defend himself. He attended St. Raphael Elementary School in the Morningside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Peabody High School at age sixteen. He entered Pennsylvania State College as a journalism major, but the 1929 crash forced him to work to help his family. He created dance routines with his younger brother Fred to earn prize money in local talent contests. They also performed in local nightclubs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.307248115539551, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gene Kelly" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Harriet’s father, Billy Curran, “had emigrated to New York from Londonderry in 1845…via Dunfermline in Scotland.”  Billy met “Miss Eckhart”, of German descent, married and moved to Houtzdale, PA.  They later moved to Pittsburgh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22878646850586, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "There were 9 Curran children, and 4 who died, but only 7 are named: Frank, Edward, Harry, John, Lillian, Harriet, and Gus.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293964385986328, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "In addition to Gene’s parents’ info were the basics about their children.  In birth order, the Kelly family included Harriet, James, Eugene Curran, Louise, and Frederic.  Gene was born on August 23, 1912.  This is plenty of information to begin a search.  But, don’t believe everything you read or everything your family members tell you – sometimes the “facts” can be wrong, and only research will find the truth!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9334113597869873, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Back in 1989, my research began at the National Archives with the U.S. Federal Census records.  Of course, back then the first available census was from 1910, and none of the records were digitized.  Today, I still think census records are the best place to start researching a family.   I used Ancestry.com and began with the 1930 census.  Despite many “James Kelly” families in Pittsburgh, PA, it was relatively easy to find the entire Kelly clan.  As I continued backward with earlier census records and Harriet Kelly’s Curran family, I found some similarities to issues I had in my own family research:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.063403129577637, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Names can be misspelled.  I expected this with Zawodny and Piontkowski, but not with Curran!  The Curran family is listed as “Curn” on the 1900 census.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22601318359375, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Ages are not necessarily correct.  It seems that Harriet Curran Kelly has a similar condition to many of my female ancestors – she ages less than ten years every decade and grows younger!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.716882705688477, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "In the few hours of research on census records alone, I was able to trace Gene’s father only to 1910 after his marriage to Harriet.  In 1900 he was single, and I was unable to find a recent Canadian immigrant named James Kelly.  Gene’s maternal line ran dry with the Curran’s in 1880.  William Curran and Mary Elizabeth “Eckhart” married after 1870.  There are too many William Curran’s from Ireland to determine the correct one, and I was unable to locate the Eckhart family prior to 1880.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.626436233520508, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Census records can only get you so far before you need vital records.  While many states also have these records online, Gene Kelly’s ancestors settled in the same state as mine, Pennsylvania, which is not one of the “friendlier” states when it comes to accessing vital records.  If I were to continue with the Kelly research, vital records would have to be obtained offline.  It would be useful to obtain the marriage record for William Curran and Mary Elizabeth Eckhart, which may have occurred in Clearfield County since that was their residence in 1880.  Finding this record would reveal both sets of parents’ names and possibly birth information for William and Mary Elizabeth.  For the Kelly side of the family, I would likely attempt to obtain James Kelly’s birth record in Peterborough.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.807707786560059, "source": "search", "title": "Climbing up Gene Kelly’s Family Tree | What's Past is Prologue" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Eugene Curran Kelly was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on August 23, 1912, the middle son of five children. His father was Canadian-born and loved sports, especially hockey. Every winter Kelly Sr. would flood the family backyard and make an ice rink for hockey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6868046522140503, "source": "search", "title": "Gene Kelly Biography - life, family, childhood, children ..." }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Eugene Curran Kelly was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the third son of Harriet Catherine (Curran) and James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman. His father was of Irish descent and his mother was of Irish and German ancestry. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the largest and most powerful studio in Hollywood when Gene Kelly arrived in town in ... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6596567630767822, "source": "search", "title": "Gene Kelly - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Curran", "passage": "Eugene Curran Kelly was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the third son of Harriet Catherine (Curran) and James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman. His father was of Irish descent and his mother was of Irish and German ancestry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.627837657928467, "source": "search", "title": "Gene Kelly - Biography - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "William Eugene Smith Photographer - All About Photo", "precise_score": 1.885905385017395, "rough_score": 4.094899654388428, "source": "search", "title": "William Eugene Smith Photographer - All About Photo" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "    William Eugene Smith was born in Witchita, Kansas, in 1918.  He was raised Catholic by Nettie Smith, his mother, who was a photographer who had a darkroom at home.  William Eugene Smith wanted to fly, and ordered pictures of airplanes through the mail - his mother refused to pay, suggesting that he take her camera to the airfield and get his own pictures.  A photographer was born!  William Eugene Smith became a local Witchita, Kansas, news photographer at the age of 15. ", "precise_score": 4.78162145614624, "rough_score": 3.847562313079834, "source": "search", "title": "Minolta Photography - William Eugene Smith 1918-1978" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "    William Eugene Smith personified the concerned photographer, one for whom the medium was more a means of expressing his own fears and misgivings about the world than of simply creating effective images.  He was invariably extremely involved with his subject and often spent periods of a year or more working on a particular story. ", "precise_score": 6.007288932800293, "rough_score": 6.106668472290039, "source": "search", "title": "Minolta Photography - William Eugene Smith 1918-1978" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "William Eugene Smith was born on December 30, 1918, in Wichita, Kansas. His mother was a photographer and his father was a businessman working in the Wichita area.", "precise_score": 3.3214151859283447, "rough_score": 6.632614612579346, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "Today, Smith's legacy lives on through the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund to promote \"humanistic photography\". Since 1980, the fund has awarded photographers for exceptional accomplishments in the field.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.116692543029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "W. Eugene Smith" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "*\"The Walk to Paradise Garden\" (1946) single photo of his two children walking hand in hand towards a clearing in woods. It was the closing image in the groundbreaking 1955 MOMA exhibition, \"The Family of Man,\" organized by Edward Steichen with 503 photographs, by 273 photographers from 68 countries, that he recognized as picturing \"the essential oneness of mankind throughout the world [showing] the gamut of life from birth to death.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2451810836792, "source": "wiki", "title": "W. Eugene Smith" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The American Society of Media Photographers recently discovered the transcript of an interview of Mr. Smith, conducted by the great portraitist Philippe Halsmann and the society’s first president. The interview apparently took place in New York during an American Society of Media Photographers meeting in 1956, although the organization is unsure of the date. The transcript has been lightly edited. photo: W. Eugene Smith - SPAIN. Extremadura. Province of Caceres. Deleitosa. - 1951", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.000302314758301, "source": "search", "title": "William Eugene Smith on Pinterest | Eugene O'neill ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "William Eugene Smith was an American photojournalist known for his refusal to compromise professional standards and his brutally vivid World War II photographs. Smith graduated from Wichita North High School in 1936. He began his career by taking pictures for two local newspapers, The Wichita Eagle (morning circulation) and the Beacon (evening circulation). He moved to New York City and began work for Newsweek and became known for his incessant perfectionism and thorny personality. Smith was fired from Newsweek for refusing to use medium format cameras and joined Life Magazine in 1939 using a 35mm camera. In 1945 he was wounded while photographing battle conditions in the Pacific theater of World War II. As a correspondent for Ziff-Davis Publishing and then Life again, Smith entered World War II on the front lines of the island-hopping American offensive against Japan, photographing U.S. Marines and Japanese prisoners of war at Saipan, Guam, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. On Okinawa, Smith was hit by mortar fire. After recovering, he continued at Life and perfected the photo essay from 1947 to 1954. In 1950, he was sent to the United Kingdom to cover the General Election, in which the Labour Party, under Clement Attlee, was narrowly victorious. Life had taken an editorial stance against the Labour government. In the end, a limited number of Smith's photographs of working-class Britain were published, including three shots of the South Wales valleys. In a documentary made by BBC Wales, Professor Dai Smith traced a miner who described how he and two colleagues had met Smith on their way home from work at the pit and had been instructed on how to pose for one of the photos published in Life. Smith severed his ties with Life over the way in which the magazine used his photographs of Albert Schweitzer. Upon leaving Life, Smith joined the Magnum photo agency in 1955. There he started his project to document Pittsburgh. This project was supposed to take him three weeks, but spanned three years and tens of thousands of negatives. It was too large ever to be shown, although a series of book-length photo essays were eventually produced. From 1957 to 1965 he took photographs and made recordings of jazz musicians at a Manhattan loft shared by David X. Young, Dick Cary and Hall Overton. In January 1972, Smith was attacked by Chisso employees near Tokyo, in an attempt to stop him from further publicizing the Minamata disease to the world.Although Smith survived the attack, his sight in one eye deteriorated. Smith and his Japanese wife lived in the city of Minamata from 1971 to 1973 and took many photos as part of a photo essay detailing the effects of Minamata disease, which was caused by a Chisso factory discharging heavy metals into water sources around Minamata. One of his most famous works, Tomoko Uemura in Her Bath, taken in December 1971 and published a few months after the 1972 attack, drew worldwide attention to the effects of Minamata disease. Complications from his longterm consumption of drugs, notably amphetamines (taken to enable his workaholic tendencies), and alcohol led to a massive stroke, from which Smith died in 1978. He is buried in Crum Elbow Cemetery, Pleasant Valley, New York. Smith was perhaps the originator and arguably the master of the photo-essay. In addition to Pittsburgh, these works include Nurse Midwife, Minamata, Country Doctor, and Albert Schweitzer - A Man of Mercy. Today, Smith's legacy lives on through the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund to promote \"humanistic photography.\" Since 1980, the fund has awarded photographers for exceptional accomplishments in the field.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.788017988204956, "source": "search", "title": "William Eugene Smith Photographer - All About Photo" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "    William Eugene Smith took this photo, and together with the help of Aileen Mioko Sprauge Smith and Ishikawa Takeshi, a local photographer, many other photos were taken of the effects of long term environmental industrial mercury poisoning on the local population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4196135103702545, "source": "search", "title": "Minolta Photography - William Eugene Smith 1918-1978" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "     He won a scholarship to learn photography at Notre Dame University , Notre Dame, Indiana US.  Unsatisfied, he went to New York Institute of Photography in New York City, New York US, and invited his mother to join him as his assistant - she agreed.  He become a photographer for Newsweek magazine.  During World War II he was a correspondent photographer and covered numerous invasions and combat missions.  He was badly wounded taking photographs of US soldiers during a Japanese mortar attack in which he refused to protect himself, hoping to get authentic images of war and spent a year recuperating, although his left hand was severely crippled the rest of his life, making it difficult for him to handle his cameras.  He joined Life magazine in 1947, but after a series of differences over the way his many successful pictures were used, he resigned in 1955 to join the international photographic agency Magnum Photography Agency .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192935943603516, "source": "search", "title": "Minolta Photography - William Eugene Smith 1918-1978" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "     His final assignment, typical of his anguish and concern over man's inhumanity to man, was a series of pictures taken over three years on the effects of industrial waste on the life of a small fishing community of Japan.  More than 100,000 people had eaten poisoned fish, and more then 10,000 people had gotten ill, a story still in the news 30 years later.  The third year, 1974, he received support money from various sources, including doing TV commercials for Minolta Camera, Japan.  His involvement led to him being badly beaten up by men from the chemical company as the men attacked a group of demonstrators of which he was a participating photographer.  He never fully recovered.  After returning to America, be gave up photojournalism and devoted the rest of his life to photography through lecturing and exhibiting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321195602416992, "source": "search", "title": "Minolta Photography - William Eugene Smith 1918-1978" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The village of Deleitosa, a place of about 2,300 peasant people, sits on the high, dry, western Spanish tableland called Estramadura, about halfway between Madrid and the border of Portugal. Its name means “delightful,” which it no longer is, and its origins are obscure, though they may go back a thousand years to Spain’s Moorish period. In any event it is very old and LIFE photographer Eugene Smith, wandering off the main road into the village, found that its ways had advanced little since medieval times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466172218322754, "source": "search", "title": "William Eugene Smith - facebook.com" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The village of Deleitosa, a place of about 2,300 peasant people, sits on the high, dry, western Spanish tableland called Estramadura, about halfway between Madrid and the border of Portugal. Its name means “delightful,” which it no longer is, and its origins are obscure, though they may go back a thousand years to Spain’s Moorish period. In any event it is very old and LIFE photographer Eugene Smith, wandering off the main road into the village, found that its ways had advanced little since medieval times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466172218322754, "source": "search", "title": "William Eugene Smith - facebook.com" }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The Center for Creative Photography in Arizona holds the largest collection of W. Eugene Smith, which includes 3,000 master prints, thousands of negatives, contact sheets, proof and study prints, book dummies, magazine layouts, letters, cameras, darkroom equipment and records. The Smith family has founded the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund, a grant-giving organization recognizing photographers who demonstrate a commitment to humanitarian photography.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5051474571228027, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith - International Photography Hall of Fame ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The “Spanish Village” essay showed Smiths hatred for un-fair rule. Smith went to Spain to “try and show what living is like under the heel and police of a dictator.”  Talking about the death scene in the “Spanish Village” essay Smith said: “In the death scene in the “Spanish Village,” I did not want to intrude into the morning scene. But as the picture came about, the day before I had been quite ill with an upset stomach in the field just at the edge of the village. A man offered me some wine, which I didn’t want but I drank it anyway just because of the gesture of kindness. Then the next day he came to me and said his father had died that night. He had gangrene and they wanted to bury him as quickly as possible, so he asked me if I could take him to the county seat so he could get the necessary papers registered. When we came back, he went to his house. I could see into the house, it was a very moving scene that was happening in the back of the room, but I could not bring myself to go in, just walk in; I just couldn’t do it. I paced back and forth outside storming at myself because I knew it was an important picture, and it was important to the whole story. But yet I did not feel I had the right to intrude, and I knew that a great number of photographers would have just gone in. Whether they would have come out with a great picture I don’t know, because they probably would have disturbed the people in there. Well, I stayed outside for awhile. Then I saw the son of the man come to the door, and I suddenly went up to him and said, ‘sir, I do not wish to dishonor your father, but would it be permissible for me to enter your house and to photograph?’ and he said, ‘please come in, I would be honored.’ So I went in with one assistant. The only light in there was a candle about three feet over his head, and with all that black they were wearing, it was very difficult. But I wanted to hold the same mood of lighting, so it was one of the few times I used a flashbulb. I took the reflector off and just used the bare bulb. By hand signals alone I motioned my assistant to work his way around behind the people to a position where he could hold the bulb over the candle so that it would simulate the candle lighting. I made one exposure and immediately realized that it was not good, that the picture was all out of rhythm. I made one more and thought I had at least a good picture. I would have loved to have stayed there and photographed a couple of rolls, but then I saw the son standing in the doorway peering in. I again motioned without words for my assistant to go through the other doorway so that the mourners in the other room and the son in the doorway could be seen, made one more exposure, and then very reluctantly I left. All this time never having said a word, hoping I never created much of a disturbance.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.692817687988281, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "During this time Smith was recognized as one of the worlds 10 greatest photographers by an international poll conducted by Popular Photography Magazine. Also about this time Smith began an essay on a Haitian Mental Clinic. The essay was finished, but never published in its entirety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.914318084716797, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "In 1971 Smith and his new Japanese/American wife, Aileen, moved back to Japan to begin his final and probably greatest work, “Minamata”.  Smith and his wife moved to a small Japanese fishing village called Minamata. The people of the village were suffering from a strange disease later named, Minamata disease. This disease was proved to be coming from a local chemical company who was dumping mercury into the bay by the village. Smith and his wife spent four years in the village documenting the struggle by the disease victims to gain compensation from the chemical company for their destroyed lives. Smith and his wife, who was also a photographer, created many articles, essays, and traveling exhibitions that showed the struggle of the victims. In 1975 Smith and his wife published the book, Minamata . An overview of their work in Minamata. This book had a world – wide impact on the public awareness of this disease and pollution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.338264465332031, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "The reason I wanted to do this paper on W. Eugene Smith is because he is probably the photographer who has influenced me and my work the most. While studying Smith’s life and philosophy about photography I realized that photography has an unseen power beyond  recording an event and freezing life. Photography has the power to destroy as well as build the photographer. Smith was so dedicated to his work that photography, in a way, destroyed his life. When Smith died in 1978, he died like many other creative people. He died alone and without much money.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3641884326934814, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "Smith’s photographs have a special quality that draw people to them. Technically I don’t think Smith was any better then other photographers of the time, but one quality that set Smith apart was his use of light and the quality of light that he consistently had in his photographs. Smith was a master of light and the electronic flash.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.108564376831055, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." }, { "answer": "Photographer", "passage": "4- Time – Life Books, Great Photographers 1983, Publ. by Time – Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, © 1983, Pg. 176.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44866943359375, "source": "search", "title": "W. Eugene Smith – A Complicated Life | The Gallery of ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "The carrier saw the incorporation of both the Potez 62 and the Douglas DC-2 into its fleet in the early 1940s, the latter acquired from the U.S. government. Following the outbreak of World War II, PLUNA was forced to suspend operations between 1942 and 1944 due to the lack of spare parts. The delicate position PLUNA was in at this time led the Uruguayan Government to aid the company by boosting its stake to 85% on . The first Douglas DC-3 entered PLUNA's fleet in February 1946. The airline launched regular services to Porto Alegre, Brazil, in May 1948. The carrier later added the cities of Santa Cruz in Bolivia and Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba in Argentina to its network.", "precise_score": 3.0677809715270996, "rough_score": 4.464898109436035, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "The airline became a wholly government-owned company on . After World War II, PLUNA's fleet included two Douglas DC-2s which were operated on the Montevideo–Paysandú–Salto route until they were retired by 1951. In the same year, a Douglas DC-3 and four de Havilland Herons were added to the fleet. The Herons only stayed in PLUNA's fleet for a short time and by 1957 they had been sold. The DC-3s remained in service much longer, and in 1971 the last four of them were sold to the Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya.", "precise_score": 0.8720520734786987, "rough_score": 4.949957847595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "In early , PLUNA's then CEO, Matías Campiani, disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of  million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the protectionism of the government of Argentina —where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of Aerolíneas Argentinas in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the Brazilian economy in the preceding months. Later on, with losses totalling  million, Leadgate disposed of their 75% stake in the airline, transferring it back to the Uruguayan government. By that time, that percentage of PLUNA's stock was owned by LARAH, which was in turn 75% owned by Leadgate and 25% by Jazz Air. Despite it being initially disclosed that Jazz Air was not interested in taking over the entire 75% stock, and that it was later informed that the Canadian airline was actually evaluating the acquisition, the government suspended PLUNA's operations on —following a strike that started two days earlier, after failing to find new investors for the company.", "precise_score": 1.9860180616378784, "rough_score": 4.525010585784912, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. was the flag carrier of Uruguay. It was headquartered in Carrasco, Montevideo and operated scheduled services within South America, as well as scheduled cargo and charter services from its hub at Carrasco International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.009569432586431503, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "On , only two days after the carrier's employees went on strike amid mounting financial difficulties, the Uruguayan government decided to close the airline down and to liquidate it. The carrier was wholly owned by the government at the time of its closure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988165855407715, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "The airline was established in September 1936 and started operations the following month, on . It was set up by Jorge and Alberto Márquez Vaesa, two brothers who had obtained the necessary financial and technical support through the ambassador of the United Kingdom to Uruguay at the time, Sir Eugen Millington-Drake. He writes in his memoirs that he suggested the airline be named using a memorable acronym, taking SABENA as an example. It was then decided on \"PLUNA\", an acronym for Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea (). Millington-Drake knew De Havilland's representative in Buenos Aires at the time, which helped in the acquisition of the airline's first aircraft. The airline flew two five-seater de Havilland Dragonflys from Montevideo to Salto and Paysandú. The two planes were christened Churrinche and San Alberto, the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.3216328620910645, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "The 1990s saw financial trouble loom for PLUNA. In 1995, the company was transformed into a public–private partnership and the government sold 51% of the shares to a holding formed by an Argentine consortium named Tevycom and Uruguayan businessmen; the holding later sold half of its participation in PLUNA to Varig. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.26203444600105286, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "At , the airline had employees. At this time the fleet consisted of Boeing 737-200 Advanced and McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 to serve a network that included Asunción, Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Florianopolis, Madrid, Montevideo, Punta del Este, Rio de Janeiro, Rosario, Salvador, Santiago and São Paulo. By late , the airline's major shareholders were the Government of Uruguay (49%) and Varig (49%), and private investors held the balance. When Varig entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on , it sought a bidder for its 49% stake in PLUNA. For almost a year, it looked as if it might go to Venezuela's state-run Conviasa, but the deal officially fell through in .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1289222240448, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "On , the Government of Uruguay started negotiations to sell 75% of it shares to a private consortium of investors from Germany, United States, Uruguay and Argentina called Leadgate Investment, a subsidiary of Latin American Regional Aviation Holding Corporation (LARAH), that committed to inject  million in the company. In July the same year, the government awarded 75% of PLUNA's stock to LARAH, and the acquisition of seven Bombardier CRJ-900s in a deal worth  million was announced. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0908308029174805, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "In late , PLUNA presented its new corporate image, developed by Australian design company Cato Partners. This new image is based on the interpretation of the name \"Uruguay\" as meaning \"river of the painted birds\" or \"river of the colorful birds\" (). The first of seven brand new CRJ900s that would be incorporated into the fleet during 2008 arrived in that year; these new aircraft permitted increasing frequencies to existing routes, as well as expanding services to new destinations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0061159133911133, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "In , the Canadian airline holding company Jazz Air Income Fund invested  million in LARAH. The move gave this holding an indirect control of 25% of the Uruguayan flag carrier, as LARAH had a participation of 75% into PLUNA at that time; the Government of Uruguay held the balance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.23474237322807312, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": ", PLUNA linked Uruguay with two destinations in Argentina, one in Chile, one in Paraguay, and eight in Brazil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1996164321899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" }, { "answer": "Uruguay", "passage": "*: A Douglas DC-2-124, registration CX-AEG, was destroyed during a thunderstorm in Uruguay. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420321464538574, "source": "wiki", "title": "PLUNA" } ]

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[ { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "A Passage to India is a 1984 drama film written and directed by David Lean. The screenplay is based on the 1924 novel of the same title by E. M. Forster and the 1960 play by Santha Rama Rau that was inspired by the novel.", "precise_score": 10.928816795349121, "rough_score": 10.620701789855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "The initial script by Santha Rama Rau pleased neither the producer, John Brabourne, nor David Lean. They considered it too worldly and literary, the work of a playwright, and unsuitable for a film. Most of the scenes took place indoors and in offices while Lean had in mind to film outdoor as much as possible. With India in the title of the film, he reasoned, audiences would expect to see many scenes filmed of the Indian landscape. Lean commented: \"We are blessed with a fine movie title, A Passage to India. But it has built in danger; it holds out such a promise. The very mention of India conjures up high expectations. It has sweep and size and is very romantic\". Lean did not want to present a poor man's India when for the same amount of money he could show the country's visual richness.", "precise_score": 5.436237335205078, "rough_score": 6.213700771331787, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "On 15 April 2008, Sony released A Passage To India (2-Disc Collector's Edition). In addition to Reflections of David Lean from the 2001 release, bonus features included commentary with producer Richard B. Goodwin; E.M. Forster: A Profile of an Author, covering some of the main themes of the original book; An Epic Takes Shape, in which cast and crew members discuss the evolution of the film; An Indian Affair, detailing the primary production period; Only Connect: A Vision of India, detailing the final days of shooting at Shepperton Studios and the post-production period; Casting a Classic, in which casting director Priscilla John discusses the challenges of bringing characters from the book to life; and David Lean: Shooting with the Master, a profile of the director.", "precise_score": 7.832911491394043, "rough_score": 8.390172958374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean, the Director of \"Doctor Zhivago\", \"Lawrence of Arabia\" and \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\", invites you on . . .[A Passage to India]", "precise_score": 7.046338081359863, "rough_score": 6.933759689331055, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "‎A Passage to India (1984) directed by David Lean • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd", "precise_score": 10.591018676757812, "rough_score": 10.8568696975708, "source": "search", "title": "‎A Passage to India (1984) directed by David Lean ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "A Passage to India (Widescreen) DVD (1984) Directed by David Lean; Starring Alec Guinness, Judy Davis, James Fox & Peggy Ashcroft; Sony Pictures | OLDIES.com", "precise_score": 10.311552047729492, "rough_score": 10.882278442382812, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Widescreen) DVD (1984) Directed by ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "\"A Passage to India\" was David Lean's last film.", "precise_score": 8.536080360412598, "rough_score": 8.347909927368164, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Widescreen) DVD (1984) Directed by ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "A Passage to India (Blu-ray, Collector's Edition) (1984) Directed by David Lean; Starring Judy Davis & Peggy Ashcroft; Sony Pictures | OLDIES.com", "precise_score": 10.371346473693848, "rough_score": 10.768011093139648, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Blu-ray, Collector's Edition) (1984 ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "\"A Passage to India\" was David Lean's last film.", "precise_score": 8.536080360412598, "rough_score": 8.347909927368164, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Blu-ray, Collector's Edition) (1984 ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean had read the novel and saw the play in London in 1960, and, impressed, attempted to purchase the rights at that time, but Forster, who rejected Santha Rama Rau's suggestion to allow Indian film director Satyajit Ray to make a film, said no. Forster, however, allowed a television production of the play by the BBC in 1965. This production was directed by Waris Hussein, an Indian working for the BBC. Zia Mohyeddin was cast as Aziz and Sybil Thorndike played Mrs Moore. The television play was well received. However, having given this limited permission, Forster remained adamant in his denial on anyone making a film from his novel. Following Forster's death in 1970, the governing board of fellows of King's College at Cambridge inherited the rights to his books. However, Donald A Parry, chief executor, turned down all approaches, including those of Joseph Losey, Ismail Merchant and James Ivory, and Waris Hussein, who after adapting Santha Rama Rau's play now wanted to make a feature film. Ten years later, when Professor Bernard Williams, a film enthusiast, became chief executor, the rights for a film adaptation became available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.291342258453369, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Brabourne, an admirer of the film Doctor Zhivago, wanted David Lean to direct the film. Lean was ready to break his 14-year hiatus from filmmaking following mostly negative reviews received for Ryan's Daughter in 1970. Since then, Lean had fought to make a two-part epic telling the true story of the mutiny on the Bounty, for which he could not obtain financing, and had given some thought about doing a film adaptation of Out of Africa, from the book by Isak Dinesen, which Sydney Pollack ultimately directed in 1985. By September 1981, Lean was approved as director and Santha Rama Rau completed a draft of the script.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.149764060974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed, \"Forster's novel is one of the literary landmarks of this century, and now David Lean has made it into one of the greatest screen adaptations I have ever seen . . . [He] is a meticulous craftsman, famous for going to any length to make every shot look just the way he thinks it should. His actors here are encouraged to give sound, thoughtful, unflashy performances . . . and his screenplay is a model of clarity.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.598616600036621, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Directing: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.978358268737793, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Writing (Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium): David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.590664863586426, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Film Editing: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122957229614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing - Feature Film (David Lean, nominee)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.718568801879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director (David Lean, winner)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.022883415222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*National Board of Review Award for Best Director (David Lean, winner)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.976426124572754, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director (David Lean, winner)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.913166046142578, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (David Lean, nominee)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.721722602844238, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953178405761719, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Screenplay: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.570233345031738, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "*Best Adapted Screenplay: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.66864013671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the first DVD on 20 March 2001. It was in anamorphic widescreen format with audio tracks and subtitles in English, French, and Spanish. Bonus features included Reflections of David Lean, an interview with the screenwriter/director, cast biographies, and production notes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.785063743591309, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "On 9 September 2003, Columbia Pictures released the box set The David Lean Collection, which included Lawrence of Arabia, The Bridge on the River Kwai, and A Passage to India.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.053077697753906, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India (film)" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "* The 1984 film version directed by David Lean, and starring Judy Davis, Victor Banerjee, James Fox, Peggy Ashcroft and Alec Guinness, won two Oscars and numerous other awards. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.272902488708496, "source": "wiki", "title": "A Passage to India" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Director: David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532437324523926, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Directors: Noël Coward, David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141767501831055, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Sometimes, what you don't see can be of equal importance to what you do see in a film. David Lean's film is no exception ... but more on that later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.212944030761719, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean's swansong is a crushing disappointment. Is this the same director who made Lawrence of Arabia and Bridge on The River Kwai? Visually gorgeous but it never amounts to anything memorable plus it drags around a lot. The casting of Alec Guinness falls flat on it's face. Even the courtroom finale is a joke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.699068069458008, "source": "search", "title": "‎A Passage to India (1984) directed by David Lean ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "Alec Guinness' role (physically and symbolically) notwithstanding, this is a remarkable portrait of codes of conduct and conflicting (to put it mildly) relations between colonizer and colonized. David Lean's decision to make the central narrative incident less ambiguous than in the novel (reportedly) doesn't bother me at all. Instead, it gives the Adela character a richly contradictory identity in the context of the themes explored. Judy Davis is quite good as her, too. And Dr. Aziz reminds me of several people I know. Simultaneously grand and understated storytelling, beautiful to see and with a pointed acidic tone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104965209960938, "source": "search", "title": "‎A Passage to India (1984) directed by David Lean ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "In an India seething with anti-colonial fervor versus colonial superiority and \"duty\", a young Englishwoman accuses an Indian doctor of \"the worst\". David Lean does everything but star and score the music, in this his final bow. Beyond the obvious politics and racism he leaves us with a human story, one of hopes and aspirations for a better world ... and then he casts a white man as an Indian brahmin. Revealing hypocrisy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.834522724151611, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (1984) - Rotten Tomatoes" }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141571044921875, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Widescreen) DVD (1984) Directed by ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean returned to filmmaking after a 14-year absence to direct this award-winning adaptation of E.M. Forster's novel. Adela Quested (Judy Davis), a young and spirited Englishwoman, travels to India alongside the somewhat older Mrs. Moore (Peggy Ashcroft). Mrs. Moore's hope is that her son, an administrator in the British Raj, and Adela will wed. Once in India, the two women pay scant heed to the customs followed by English society. They even agree to accompany a \"native\"--the charming and educated Dr. Aziz (Victor Banerjee)--on a tour of the mystical, ancient Marabar Caves. But their innocent outing turns ugly when Adela emerges from the cave's darkness accusing Aziz of rape. British authorities eagerly pursue--even pressure--Adela to go to court. The truth, however, is not as clear as the bigoted colonial government believes it is.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.89833927154541, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Widescreen) DVD (1984) Directed by ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141571044921875, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Blu-ray, Collector's Edition) (1984 ..." }, { "answer": "David Lean", "passage": "David Lean returned to filmmaking after a 14-year absence to direct this award-winning adaptation of E.M. Forster's novel. Adela Quested (Judy Davis), a young and spirited Englishwoman, travels to India alongside the somewhat older Mrs. Moore (Peggy Ashcroft). Mrs. Moore's hope is that her son, an administrator in the British Raj, and Adela will wed. Once in India, the two women pay scant heed to the customs followed by English society. They even agree to accompany a \"native\"--the charming and educated Dr. Aziz (Victor Banerjee)--on a tour of the mystical, ancient Marabar Caves. But their innocent outing turns ugly when Adela emerges from the cave's darkness accusing Aziz of rape. British authorities eagerly pursue--even pressure--Adela to go to court. The truth, however, is not as clear as the bigoted colonial government believes it is.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.89833927154541, "source": "search", "title": "A Passage to India (Blu-ray, Collector's Edition) (1984 ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck was born on April 5, 1916, in La Jolla, San Diego, California, the son of Gregory Pearl Peck, a New York-born chemist and pharmacist, and his Missouri-born wife Bernice Mary \"Bunny\" (née Ayres). His father was of English (paternal) and Irish (maternal) heritage and his mother of English and Scots ancestry. She converted to her husband's religion, Roman Catholicism, when she married his father, and Peck was raised as a Catholic. Through his Irish-born paternal grandmother Catherine Ashe, Peck was related to Thomas Ashe, who participated in the Easter Rising less than three weeks after Peck's birth and died while on hunger strike in 1917.", "precise_score": 4.557625770568848, "rough_score": 4.288361549377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gregory Peck" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Birth Name: Eldred Gregory Peck", "precise_score": 6.089132785797119, "rough_score": 5.566447734832764, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ..." }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003), born Eldred Gregory Peck, was an Oscar-winning American film actor. He was one of 20th Century Pictures most popular film stars, from the 1940s to the 1960s, and played important roles well into the 1990s.", "precise_score": 6.1693196296691895, "rough_score": 5.2553911209106445, "source": "search", "title": "Eldred Gregory Peck (1916 - 2003) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor who was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck continued to play major film roles until the late 1970s. His performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor. He had also been nominated for an Oscar for the same category for The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), The Yearling (1946), Gentleman's Agreement (1947) and Twelve O'Clock High (1949). Other notable films he appeared in include Spellbound (1945), The Paradine Case (1947), The World in His Arms (1952), Roman Holiday (1953), Moby Dick (1956, and its 1998 miniseries), The Guns of Navarone (1961), Cape Fear (1962, and its 1991 remake), How the West Was Won (1962), The Omen (1976) and The Boys from Brazil (1978).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5217680931091309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gregory Peck" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "After graduating from Berkeley with a BA degree in English, Peck dropped the name \"Eldred\" and headed to New York City to study at the Neighborhood Playhouse with the legendary acting teacher Sanford Meisner. He was often broke and sometimes slept in Central Park. He worked at the 1939 World's Fair and as a tour guide for NBC's television broadcasting. In 1940, Peck learned more of the acting craft, working in exchange for food, at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, appearing in five plays including Family Portrait and On Earth As It Is. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.208686828613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gregory Peck" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck was born in La Jolla, California, to Bernice Mary (Ayres) and Gregory Pearl Peck, a chemist and druggist in San Diego. He had Irish (from his paternal grandmother), English, and some German, ancestry. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a stable childhood. His fondest memories are of his grandmother taking him to the movies every week and of his dog, which followed him everywhere. He studied pre-med at UC-Berkeley and, while there, got bitten by the acting bug and decided to change the focus of his studies. He enrolled in the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and debuted on Broadway after graduation. His debut was in Emlyn Williams ' play \"The Morning Star\" (1942). By 1943 he was in Hollywood, where he debuted in the RKO film Days of Glory (1944).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6272032260894775, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Strongly disliked his first name of Eldred, a name his mother insisted on giving him because she felt it was distinct and would distinguish him with its uniqueness, but to him it felt like an awkward and difficult name to use casually. Early in adulthood he made it a point of using his middle name of Gregory, which he used for the rest of his life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.544231414794922, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "[on preferring his middle name to his first name] There's no nickname for Eldred.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.513269424438477, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck (1916 - 2003) - Genealogy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.407133102416992, "source": "search", "title": "Eldred Gregory Peck (1916 - 2003) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.51279878616333, "source": "search", "title": "Eldred Gregory Peck (1916 - 2003) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "After graduating from Berkeley with a BA degree in English, Peck dropped the name \"Eldred\" and headed to New York City to study at the Neighborhood Playhouse. He was often broke and sometimes slept in Central Park. He worked at the 1939 World's Fair and as a tour guide for NBC's television broadcasting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.21265172958374, "source": "search", "title": "Eldred Gregory Peck (1916 - 2003) - Genealogy - Geni" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck was born in La Jolla, California, to Bernice Mary (Ayres) and Gregory Pearl Peck, a chemist and druggist in San Diego. He had Irish (from his paternal grandmother), English, and some German, ancestry. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a... See full bio »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.2794270515441895, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "Eldred Gregory Peck was born in 1916, and spent most of his early life in and around La Jolla, California. By the time he was six, his parents had divorced. His mother married a travelling salesman and was often away with her new husband, while his father, a local pharmacist, spent much of the time working the night-shift. For a number of years he lived with his maternal grandmother, but at the age of ten was sent to St. John’s Military Academy in Los Angeles. The four years he spent there were important in forming his sense of personal discipline. There he also began to acquire a sensitivity to the social importance of authority figures – a topic that remained important throughout his career. After the Academy, he returned to live with his father, and to attend public high school.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.868408441543579, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck | About Gregory Peck | American Masters | PBS" }, { "answer": "Eldred", "passage": "After graduating, Peck enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. Greatly influenced by his father’s desires for him to be a doctor, Peck began as a pre-med student. By the time he was a senior, however, he found his real interests to be in writing and acting. Initially drawn to the communal, almost familial, aspects of the theater, Peck soon realized that he had a natural gift as both an expressive actor and a storyteller. After graduating in 1939, he changed his name from Eldred to Gregory and moved to New York. There, his abilities were almost immediately recognized. Within a year he began to fill small roles in travelling shows and in 1942, made his debut on Broadway with “The Morning Star.” Though many of his early plays were doomed to short runs, it seemed clear that Peck was destined for something bigger. In 1944 that “something bigger” arrived in the form of his first two Hollywood roles, as Vladimir in DAYS OF GLORY and Father Francis Chisholm in THE KEYS TO THE KINGDOM.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.690330982208252, "source": "search", "title": "Gregory Peck | About Gregory Peck | American Masters | PBS" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Jones battled health issues as a young boy, and golf was prescribed to strengthen him. Encouraged by his father, \"Colonel\" Robert Purmedus Jones, an Atlanta lawyer, Jones loved golf from the start. He developed quickly into a child prodigy, who won his first children's tournament at the age of six at his home course at East Lake Golf Club. In 1916, Jones won his first major golf event when he claimed the inaugural Georgia Amateur Championship conducted by the Georgia State Golf Association at the Capital City Club, in Brookhaven, at age 14. His victory at this event put him in the national spotlight for the first time. The Georgia Amateur win caught the eye of the United States Golf Association which awarded Jones his first invitation to the U.S. Amateur at Merion near Philadelphia. Jones advanced to the quarterfinals in his first playing in the event. ", "precise_score": 5.5268144607543945, "rough_score": 3.4616663455963135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Robert Tyre Jones Jr. (named for his grandfather) was born on St. Patrick's Day, 1902, in Atlanta. His father was a star outfielder at the University of Georgia, and the youngster's first love was baseball. He also tried tennis. At the age of 9 he settled down to golf.", "precise_score": 2.7774264812469482, "rough_score": 3.009917736053467, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones, Golf Master, Dies ; Only Player to Win Grand Slam" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Golfing legend Bobby Jones was born to Robert Purmedus Jones and Clara Thomas in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 17th, 1903. Bobby Jones was named after his grandfather, a popular businessman from Canton. In 1907, his father joined Atlanta Athletic Club, which also owned the East Lake Country Club, where the family spent each summer. It was at East Lake Country Club that Jones learned how to play golf, mainly by imitating the swing of the club’s professional Stewart Maiden.", "precise_score": 8.449780464172363, "rough_score": 8.76084041595459, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones Facts & Biography | Famous Golfers" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "On March 17, 1902, Robert Tyre Jones, Jr. is born in Atlanta, Georgia. Jones, the first great American golfer, was a hero of the so-called “Golden Age of Sports” in America along with baseball player Babe Ruth, boxer Jack Dempsey, tennis player Bill Tilden and football player Red Grange.", "precise_score": 5.767857551574707, "rough_score": 7.567589282989502, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones is born - Mar 17, 1902 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Robert Tyre Jones, Jr., better known as Bobby Jones, was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 17, 1902. By the time he was 6 years old, he had already won his first tournament and was thought of as a golf prodigy. By the time he was 20 years old, he had already won his three Southern Open titles and was well on his way to becoming the most famous golfer who ever lived. Most interesting about him was that he remained an amateur throughout his career, which lasted until he was 28 years old and he chose to retire from the game.", "precise_score": 8.01218032836914, "rough_score": 7.776374816894531, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Bobby Jones | GolfLink.com" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones is considered one of the five giants of the 1920s American sports scene, along with baseball's Babe Ruth, boxing's Jack Dempsey, football's Red Grange, and tennis player Bill Tilden. He was the first recipient of the AAU's Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. He is the only sports figure to receive two ticker-tape parades in New York City, the first in 1926 and the second in 1930. Jones is memorialized in Augusta, Georgia at the Golf Gardens and has the Bobby Jones Expressway, also known as Interstate 520, named for him.", "precise_score": 1.7885465621948242, "rough_score": 1.9193377494812012, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Golfing legend Bobby Jones was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 17, 1903. He began playing golf as a young child, and won his first tournament when he was nine years old. In 1916, at age 14, he made it to the third round of the US National Amateur tournament. Golf was not just a passion with him but almost an obsession, and while he was attending the Georgia School of Technology--from which he graduated in 1922--he continued playing golf, and his astonishing skill at the game resulted in his becoming one of the most admired sports stars of the 1920s and widely credited with making golf one of the most popular sports in the country. He won the US Open in 1923--his first major tournament win--and again in 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928 and 1930. He took the US Amateur title in 1924, 1925, 1927 and 1928 and the British Open championship in 1926, 1927 and 1930. In 1930 he took the US Open and US Amateur titles and British Open and British Amateur titles, a feat that has never been duplicated. He won a total of 13 major championships. He was a member of the US Walker Cup teams in 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928 and 1930.", "precise_score": 7.746770858764648, "rough_score": 8.163629531860352, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world. The Masters has been played at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, since its inception in 1934. It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year. The U.S. Open and PGA Championship are played at courses around the United States, while the Open Championship is played at courses around the United Kingdom. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.877975463867188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Golf" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones is considered one of the five giants of the 1920s American sports scene, along with baseball's Babe Ruth, boxing's Jack Dempsey, football's Red Grange, and tennis player Bill Tilden. He was the first recipient of the AAU's Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. He is the only sports figure to receive two ticker-tape parades in New York City, the first in 1926 and the second in 1930. Jones is memorialized in Augusta, Georgia, at the Golf Gardens and has the Bobby Jones Expressway, also known as Interstate 520, named for him. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.604026436805725, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones had a unique relationship with the town of St Andrews, Scotland. On his first appearance on the Old Course in The Open Championship of 1921, he withdrew after 11 holes in the third round, when he failed to complete the hole (in effect disqualifying himself), and tore up his scorecard, although he finished the round and indeed played the fourth round as well. He firmly stated his dislike for The Old Course and the town reciprocated, saying in the press, \"Master Bobby is just a boy, and an ordinary boy at that.\" Later, he came to love the Old Course and the town like few others. When he won the Open at the Old Course in 1927, he wowed the crowd by asking that the trophy remain with his friends at the Royal and Ancient Golf Club rather than return with him to Atlanta. He won the British Amateur over The Old Course in 1930, and scored a double eagle 2 on the fourth hole (then a par-5, now a par-4), by holing a very long shot from a fairway bunker. In 1958, he was named a Freeman of the City of St Andrews, becoming only the second American to be so honored, the other being Benjamin Franklin in 1759. As Jones departed Younger Hall with his honor, the assembly spontaneously serenaded him off to the traditional tune of Will Ye No Come Back Again? in a famously moving tribute. Today, a scholarship exchange bearing the Jones name exists between the University of St Andrews and Emory University, Queen's University, The University of Western Ontario and the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. At Emory, four students are sent to St Andrews for an all-expenses-paid year of study and travel. In return, Emory accepts four students from St Andrews each year. The program, the Robert T. Jones Scholarship, is among the most unusual scholarships offered by any university. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.68931245803833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones was highly successful outside of golf as well. He earned his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 1922 and played for the varsity golf team, lettering all four years. Jones was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and the Georgia Phi chapter house at Georgia Tech is named in his honor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0634398460388184, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "He then earned an A.B. in English Literature from Harvard College in 1924, where he was a member of the Owl Club. In 1926 he entered Emory University School of Law and became a member of Phi Delta Phi. After only three semesters he passed the Georgia bar exam and subsequently joined his father's law firm, Jones, Evins, Moore and Powell, (predecessor to Alston & Bird), in Atlanta, Georgia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.73532772064209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones married Mary Rice Malone in 1924, whom he met in 1919 while a freshman at Georgia Tech. They had three children — Clara Malone (1925–1994), Robert Tyre III (1926–1973), and Mary Ellen (b. 1931).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.8922758102417, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Following his retirement from competitive golf in 1930, and even in the years leading up to that, Jones had become one of the most famous sports figures in the world, and was recognized virtually everywhere he went in public. While certainly appreciative of the enormous adulation and media coverage, this massive attention caused Jones to lose personal privacy in golf circles, and he wished to create a private golf club where he and his friends could play golf in peace and quiet. For several years, he searched for a property near Atlanta where he could develop his own golf club. His friend Clifford Roberts, a New York City investment dealer, knew of Jones's desire, became aware of a promising property for sale in Augusta, Georgia, where Jones's mother-in-law had grown up, and informed Jones about it. Jones first visited Fruitlands, an Augusta arboretum and indigo plantation since the Civil War era, in the spring of 1930, and he purchased it for $70,000 in 1931, with the plan to design a golf course on the site. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.415128707885742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.746370315551758, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "His career is all the more remarkable considering that he competed as an amateur rather than as a professional. Always displaying a sense of modesty, Jones regularly reminded his fans that some things were more important than winning. He became famous, for example, for calling penalty strokes on himself, even when it cost him a championship. Moreover, Jones never accepted prize money, did not play as often as most professionals, and chose to focus on the national championships. Those choices allowed him time to pursue other priorities, including his education and family. In 1922 Jones graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in engineering. Two years later he added a second bachelor's degree, this one in English literature from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Then in the fall of 1926, Jones enrolled in Emory University 's law program. After just three semesters, he passed the Georgia bar exam and began practicing law at his father's firm early in 1928.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.623893737792969, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "His handling of his illness, the memory of his competitive career, and his Masters Tournament established Jones as one of sports' most outstanding and admirable heroes. In 1963 he was one of the first three professional athletes inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame . The Atlanta Gas Light Company awarded its Shining Light Award to Jones in 1978. A permanent exhibition entitled Down the Fairway with Bobby Jones is on display at the Atlanta History Center , and Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004), a feature film chronicling the Jones's life and career, was partially filmed in Georgia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.488217830657959, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones (1902-1971) | New Georgia Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "All this time, golf was a sidelight to education. Jones wanted to be an engineer, and he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering at Georgia Tech. Then he decided to become a lawyer. He went to Harvard and earned another bachelor's degree, then to Emory University in Atlanta for a Bachelor of Laws degree. In 1928, he joined his father's law firm in Atlanta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.113234519958496, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones, Golf Master, Dies ; Only Player to Win Grand Slam" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "A few years later, Jones and the late architect, Alister Mackensie, designed the Augusta National Golf Course in Georgia. In 1934 the Masters tournament was started there, and in Jones's lifetime many golf people considered it the most important tournament of all.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4231085777282715, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones, Golf Master, Dies ; Only Player to Win Grand Slam" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "A short-tempered, club-throwing youth, Jones turned into an even-dispositioned and unruffled champion. In the Golden Age of Sport, Jones took his place alongside such giants as Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Red Grange and Bill Tilden. From 1923 to 1929, the Georgia gentleman dominated golf, birdieing his way into this country's heart by winning nine major championships.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.996548175811768, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Bobby Jones was golf's fast study" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones, who had graduated from Georgia Tech and Harvard and was a lawyer in Atlanta, played lots of friendly golf, but he emerged from his retirement only once a year to play The Masters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.1166911125183105, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Bobby Jones was golf's fast study" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Bobby Jones graduated from Georgia Tech in 1922 with a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering. He then attended Harvard and received a second degree, this one in English Literature. Then he returned to Georgia to receive his law degree from Emory University after only one year. He practiced law until his death in 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.057274103164673, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Bobby Jones | GolfLink.com" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "When he was 14 years old, he won the Georgia State Amateur Championship and also made it to the third round of the U.S. Amateur Championship. In 1917 and 1918, he was invited to play a number of exhibition matches to raise money for the U.S. war effort. He qualified for the U.S. Open Championship for the first time when he was 18 years old in 1920. Between 1923--when he won his first U.S. Open Championship--and 1930, he won a total of 13 major championships in 20 attempts. At the time, the major tournaments were the Open and Amateur of both the United States and Great Britain, and he was the first player in history to win both the U.S. and British Opens and is still the only golfer in history to win all four majors in a single calendar year. He was the first person to win the coveted Sullivan Award from the AAU as the athlete of the year, and was the only individual athlete honored with a New York ticker-tape parade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.163565635681152, "source": "search", "title": "The Life of Bobby Jones | GolfLink.com" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones accomplished all this while playing competitive golf no more than three months in a year at any point in his life. The rest of the time was dedicated to academics, and later, the workaday world of the law. He studied mechanical engineering at Georgia Tech, graduating in three years, received a degree in English Literature from Harvard and attended law school at Emory University, withdrawing in his third semester to pass the bar. He would go on to become one of the game’s most lucid and enlightening writers. Besides his record and character, Jones’ greatest legacy is Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament, which he founded in 1934. He played in the tournament several times, never finishing better than 13th. In 1948, he developed syringomyelia, a fluid-filled cavity in his spinal cord causing first pain, then paralysis. Jones never played golf again and was eventually restricted to a wheelchair until his death Dec. 18, 1971. As Wind wrote, “As a young man he was able to stand up to just about the best that life can offer, which isn’t easy, and later he stood up with equal grace to just about the worst.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.229560375213623, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones - World Golf" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended the Georgia Institute of Technology where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2836507558822632, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones battled health issues as a young boy, and golf was prescribed to strengthen him. Encouraged by his father, Jones loved golf from the start. He developed quickly into a child prodigy, who won his first children's tournament at the age of six, and made the third round of the U.S. Amateur Championship at 14. That same year, 1916, he won the Georgia State Amateur Championship for his first important title, at the Capital City Club, in Brookhaven, where he became an active member later in life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3783321380615234, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones had a unique relationship with the town of St Andrews, Scotland. On his first appearance on the Old Course in The Open Championship of 1921, he withdrew after 11 holes in the third round, when he failed to complete the hole (in effect disqualifying himself), and tore up his scorecard, although he finished the round and indeed played the fourth round as well. He firmly stated his dislike for The Old Course and the town reciprocated, saying in the press, \"Master Bobby is just a boy, and an ordinary boy at that.\" Later, he came to love the Old Course and the town like few others. When he won the Open at the Old Course in 1927, he wowed the crowd by asking that the trophy remain with his friends at the Royal and Ancient Golf Club rather than return with him to Atlanta. He won The Amateur Championship (British Amateur Championship) over The Old Course in 1930, and scored a double eagle 2 on the fourth hole (then a par-5, now a par-4), by holing a very long shot from a fairway bunker. In 1958, he was named a Freeman of the City of St Andrews, becoming only the second American to be so honored, the other being Benjamin Franklin in 1759. Today, a scholarship exchange bearing the Jones name exists between the University of St Andrews and both Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta. At Emory, four students are sent to St Andrews for an all-expenses-paid year of study and travel. In return, Emory accepts four students from St Andrews each year. The program, the Robert T. Jones Scholarship, is among the most prestigious scholarships offered by any university.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.784646034240723, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Jones was highly successful outside of golf as well. He earned his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 1922, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and played for the golf team. He then earned a B.A. in English Literature from Harvard College in 1924, where he was a member of the Owl Club. After only one year in law school at Emory University, he passed the Georgia bar exam. While attending Emory University, Jones became a member of Phi Delta Phi. After passing the Georgia bar exam, Jones joined his father's law firm in Atlanta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.181768894195557, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Following his retirement from competitive golf in 1930, and even in the years leading up to that, Jones had become one of the most famous athletes in the world, and was recognized virtually everywhere he went in public. While certainly appreciative of the enormous adulation and media coverage, this massive attention caused Jones to lose personal privacy in golf circles, and he wished to create a private golf club where he and his friends could play golf in peace and quiet. For several years, he searched for a property near Atlanta where he could develop his own golf club. His friend Clifford Roberts, a New York City investment dealer, knew of Jones's desire, became aware of a promising property for sale in Augusta, Georgia, where Jones's wife had grown up, and informed Jones about it. Jones first visited Fruitlands, an Augusta arboretum and indigo plantation since the Civil War era, in the spring of 1930, and he purchased it for $70,000 in 1931, with the plan to design a golf course on the site.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.993078708648682, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "In 1948, Jones was diagnosed with syringomyelia, a fluid-filled cavity in his spinal cord which caused first pain, then paralysis. He was eventually restricted to a wheelchair. He died in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 18, 1971, about a week after converting to Catholicism. Jones was baptized on his death bed by Monsignor John D. Stapleton, pastor of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Atlanta, the church attended by the Jones family and was buried in Atlanta's historic Oakland Cemetery. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.467928409576416, "source": "search", "title": "Robert Tyre \"Bobby\" Jones, Jr (1902 - 1971) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "In 1931 he began making a series of short instructional films, titled \"How I Play Golf\", for Warner Brothers Pictures, which were tremendously successful. Directed by veteran filmmaker--and duffer-- George Marshall , these shorts featured many Hollywood golfing enthusiasts such as Leon Errol , Joe E. Brown and W.C. Fields , who appeared in them for the opportunity to be instructed by a man many believed to be the finest golfer in the history of the game. Jones retired from golf shortly after starting these films--since he was being paid for them he could no longer claim amateur status--and, since he was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1928 after obtaining his law degree from Emory University in 1927, he opened a law practice in Atlanta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.846319675445557, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Georgia", "passage": "Bobby Jones died in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 18, 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.078584909439087, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Jones - Biography - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "N. Lenin", "Vladimir Lennon", "Vladimir lenin", "Vladimir Lenin", "VI Lenin", "V I Lenin", "Vladimir lennon", "Vladimir Il'ich Lenin", "Lenin, V. I.", "Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov", "Comrade Lenin", "Nikolay Lenin", "Vladimir Ilyich Ulianov", "Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin", "Lennin", "Lenin, V.I.", "Владимир Ленин", "V.I. Ulyanov", "Vladimir Ilyich", "Vladimir Ulyanov", "Владимир Ильич Ленин", "V. Lenin", "Nicolai Lenin", "Vladimir I. Lenin", "V.I. Lenin", "Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин", "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", "Ленина", "V. I. Lenin", "Ленин", "Влади́мир Ильи́ч Улья́нов", "Vladmir Lenin", "Vladimir Ilich Lenin", "Lenin", "Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov", "Vladimir Illich Lenin", "Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov", "V. I. Ulyanov", "Nikolai Lenin", "Ле́нин" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "влади́мир ильи́ч улья́нов", "comrade lenin", "vladimir ilyich", "vladimir illich lenin", "v i lenin", "влади́мир ильи́ч ле́нин", "vi lenin", "vladimir ilich lenin", "lenin v i", "vladimir ilyich ulyanov lenin", "vladimir lenin", "nicolai lenin", "ленина", "vladimir il ich lenin", "vladimir ulyanov", "vladimir ilyich ulianov", "vladmir lenin", "lenin", "nikolay lenin", "vladimir ilich ulyanov", "владимир ильич ленин", "v lenin", "n lenin", "ле́нин", "nikolai lenin", "lennin", "владимир ленин", "v i ulyanov", "vladimir lennon", "vladimir ilyich ulyanov", "vladimir ilyich lenin", "vladimir ilych ulyanov", "ленин", "vladimir i lenin" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "lenin", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Lenin" }

[ { "answer": "Lenin", "passage": "NS Savannah was the first nuclear-powered merchant ship. Built in the late 1950s at a cost of $46.9 million, including a $28.3 million nuclear reactor and fuel core, funded by United States government agencies, Savannah was a demonstration project for the potential use of nuclear energy. Launched on 21 July 1959 and named for , the first steamship to cross the Atlantic ocean, she was in service between 1962 and 1972 as one of only four nuclear-powered cargo ships ever built. (Soviet ice-breaker Lenin launched on 5 December 1957, was the first nuclear-powered civil ship.) Savannah has been moored at Pier 13 of the Canton Marine Terminal in Baltimore, Maryland since 2008. ", "precise_score": 3.668734073638916, "rough_score": 3.915442943572998, "source": "wiki", "title": "NS Savannah" }, { "answer": "Lenin", "passage": "The icebreaker Lenin was the world's first nuclear-powered surface vessel (20,000 dwt), commissioned in 1959.  It remained in service for 30 years to 1989, and was retired due to the hull being worn thin from ice abrasion. It initially had three 90 MWt OK-150 reactors, but these were badly damaged during refueling in 1965 and 1967. In 1970 they were replaced by two 171 MWt OK-900 reactors providing steam for turbines which generated electricity to deliver 34 MW at the propellers. Lenin is now a museum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2505476474761963, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships - World Nuclear Association" }, { "answer": "Lenin", "passage": "Since 1959 Russia has used five types of PWRs in its civil; fleet: OK-150 in the Lenin until 1966 (3x90 MW), OK-900 subsequently in the Lenin (2x159 MW), OK-900A in the main Arktika class icebreaker fleet (2x171 MW), KLT-40M in two Tamyr class icebreakers (1x171 MW), and KLT-40 in the Sevmorput (1x135 MW).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.708086967468262, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships - World Nuclear Association" }, { "answer": "Lenin", "passage": "Russia's large Arktika class icebreakers launched 1975-2007 use two OK-900A (essentially KLT-40M) nuclear reactors of 171 MW each with 241 or 274 fuel assemblies of 45-75% enriched fuel as U-Zr alloy and 3-4 year refuelling interval. They drive steam turbines and each produces up to 33 MW at the propellers, though overall propulsive power is about 54 MW. The two Tamyr class icebreakers have a single 171 MW KLT-40 reactor giving 35 MW propulsive power. Sevmorput uses one 135 MW KLT-40 unit producing 32.5 MW propulsive, and all those use 90% enriched fuel. (The now-retired Lenin's first OK-150 reactors used 5% enriched fuel but were replaced by OK-900 units with 45-75% enriched fuel.) Most of the Arktika-class vessels have had operating life extensions based on engineering knowledge built up from experience with Arktika itself. It was originally designed for 100,000 hours of reactor life, but this was extended first to 150,000 hours, then to 175,000 hours. In practice this equated to a lifespan of eight extra years of operation on top of the design period of 25. In that time, Arktika covered more than 1 million nautical miles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.069086074829102, "source": "search", "title": "Nuclear-Powered Ships - World Nuclear Association" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Dallas", "passage": "---\"SALT LAKE 2002,\" Cathy Harasta, The Dallas Morning News, October 28, 2001, Pg. 4B", "precise_score": -11.21180534362793, "rough_score": -11.371166229248047, "source": "search", "title": "The Food Timeline history notes--state foods" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Philip Cortelyou Johnson", "Philip Johnson", "Philip Johnson (architect)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "philip johnson", "philip cortelyou johnson", "philip johnson architect" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "philip johnson", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Philip Johnson" }

[ { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The integral plaza, building, stone faced lobby and distinctive glass and bronze exterior were designed by German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Philip Johnson designed the interior of The Four Seasons and Brasserie restaurants. Severud Associates were the structural engineering consultants.", "precise_score": 10.42914867401123, "rough_score": 10.208163261413574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seagram Building" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Designed by the architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, the Seagram Building was an instant classic upon its 1959 dedication and was once described by the critic Herbert Muschamp in The New York Times as “the millennium’s most important building.”", "precise_score": 10.040675163269043, "rough_score": 9.144022941589355, "source": "search", "title": "‘Building Seagram,’ Phyllis Lambert’s New Architecture ..." }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Seagram Building, high-rise office building in New York City (1958). Designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson , this sleek Park Avenue skyscraper is a pure example of a rectilinear prism sheathed in glass and bronze . It took the International Style to its zenith. Despite its austere and forthright use of the most modern materials, it demonstrates Mies’s exceptional sense of proportion and concern for detail.", "precise_score": 9.665523529052734, "rough_score": 8.853546142578125, "source": "search", "title": "Seagram Building | building, New York City, New York ..." }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Design: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Architect; Philip Johnson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.002140998840332, "source": "search", "title": "Seagram Building New York - e-architect" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Philip Johnson became an associate for architect Mies van der Rohe on the Seagram Building in 1955: he worked on interiors such as the Four Seasons Restaurant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.1552934646606445, "source": "search", "title": "Seagram Building New York - e-architect" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Building was a pioneer in its time. Designed by well-known German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in collaboration with American Philip Johnson, this building was to become a model for the next forty years of NYC skyscrapers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8117637634277344, "source": "search", "title": "Seagram Building, New York City - A View On Cities" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "The office spaces above the lobby, furnished by Philip Johnson, have flexible floor plans lit with luminous ceiling panels. These floors also get maximum natural lighting with the exterior being glass panes of gray topaz that provide floor-to-ceiling windows for the office spaces. The gray topaz glass was used for sun and heat protection, and although there are Venetian blinds for window coverings they could only be fixed in a limited number of positions so as to provide visual consistency from the outside.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.914649963378906, "source": "search", "title": "AD Classics: Seagram Building / Mies van der Rohe | ArchDaily" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Manhattan 1958 , 375 Park Avenue , commercial , International Style , Kahn & Jacobs , landmark , Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Manhattan , midtown , New York City , Philip Johnson .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.849122524261475, "source": "search", "title": "New York Architecture Photos: Seagram Building" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson, design architects with Kahn & Jacobs, associate architects", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.293197154998779, "source": "search", "title": "New York Architecture Photos: Seagram Building" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "She got her chance and eventually won the title director of planning for the project, along with a $20,000 salary. Determined to choose an architect who would “make the greatest contribution to architecture,” she recalled, she was referred to Philip Johnson, who was leaving his post as director of the architecture department at the Museum of Modern Art to devote himself fully to his fledgling architectural practice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.723572731018066, "source": "search", "title": "‘Building Seagram,’ Phyllis Lambert’s New Architecture ..." }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "Ms. Lambert with Philip Johnson, left, and Mies van der Rohe in 1955. Credit United Press International/Canadian Center For Architecture", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.561260223388672, "source": "search", "title": "‘Building Seagram,’ Phyllis Lambert’s New Architecture ..." }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "The building is on the east side of Park Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets. It is open to the public, with public spaces inside including the Four Seasons Restaurant (designed by Philip Johnson) and the Seagram Gallery on the Fourth Floor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.651123523712158, "source": "search", "title": "New York Architecture Images- THE SEAGRAM BUILDING" }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "The Seagram Building, New York City, by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, 1956–58.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.266079902648926, "source": "search", "title": "Seagram Building | building, New York City, New York ..." }, { "answer": "Philip Johnson", "passage": "It was at this exhibition that the term \"International Style\" was born. Rather than emphasizing the social, art historical and technological aspects of architecture the curators, Philip Johnson (who later collaborated with Mies on the Seagram Building) and Henry-Russel Hitchcock, emphasized pure appearance. The exhibition was critiqued by architects and writers for clumping everyone from Frank Lloyd Wright to Walter Gropius under the same genre and overlooking crucial differences, and even crucial similarities, for the sake of categorization. The show ultimately proved to be an important moment in architecture's history, if only because of this controversy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1048145294189453, "source": "search", "title": "Mies van der Rohe Society | Projects" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Louella Parsons", "passage": "1881 - Louella Parsons (Oettinger) (gossip columnist: competed in print and on radio with nemesis Hedda Hopper; died Dec 9, 1972)", "precise_score": -5.195383548736572, "rough_score": -5.020106792449951, "source": "search", "title": "Those Were the Days, Today in History - August 6" }, { "answer": "Louella Parsons", "passage": "1881 Louella Parsons - Gossip columnist who competed in print and on radio with her nemesis, Hedda Hopper", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7775115966796875, "source": "search", "title": "Mysteries and More: This Day in History – August 6" } ]

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[ { "answer": "1942", "passage": "The decade of the 1940s was arguably Copland's most productive, and it firmly established his worldwide fame. His two ballet scores for Rodeo (1942) and Appalachian Spring (1944) were huge successes. His pieces Lincoln Portrait and Fanfare for the Common Man have become patriotic standards (See Popular works, below). Also important was the Third Symphony. Composed in a two-year period from 1944 to 1946, it became Copland's best-known symphony. ", "precise_score": 4.954322814941406, "rough_score": 5.984245300292969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Continuing his string of successes, in 1942 Copland composed the ballet Rodeo, a tale of a ranch wedding, written around the same time as Lincoln Portrait. Rodeo is another enduring composition for Copland and contains many recognizable folk tunes, well-blended with Copland's original music. Notable in the final movement, is the striking \"Hoedown\". This was a recreation of Appalachian fiddler W. H. Stepp's version of the square-dance tune \"Bonypart\" (\"Bonaparte's Retreat\"), which had been transcribed for piano by Ruth Crawford Seeger and published in Alan Lomax and Seeger's book, Our Singing Country (1941). For the \"Hoedown\" in Rodeo Copland borrowed note for note from Seeger's piano transcription of Stepp's tune. This fragment (lifted from Ruth Crawford Seeger) is now one of the best-known compositions by any American composer, having been used numerous times in movies and on television, including commercials for the American beef industry. \"Hoedown\" was given a rock arrangement by Emerson, Lake & Palmer in 1972. The ballet, originally titled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", was choreographed by Agnes de Mille, niece of film giant Cecil B. DeMille. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on October 16, 1942, with de Mille dancing the principal \"cowgirl\" role and the performance received a standing ovation. A reduced score is still popular as an orchestral piece, especially at \"Pops\" concerts.", "precise_score": 4.704180717468262, "rough_score": 5.72180700302124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Rodeo is a ballet scored by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", the ballet consists of five sections: \"Buckaroo Holiday\", \"Ranch House Party\", \"Corral Nocturne\", \"Saturday Night Waltz\", and \"Hoe-Down\". The symphonic version omits \"Ranch House Party\", leaving the other sections relatively intact.", "precise_score": 6.758357524871826, "rough_score": 6.220229148864746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Few nights in the history of the arts in America can rival October 30, 1944, when the ballet Appalachian Spring received its first performance, at the Library of Congress in Washington DC. That the music was by Aaron Copland and the choreography was by Martha Graham speaks for the consummate level of creativity that was put before the audience. By the time Appalachian Spring appeared, Copland had already won his place in the hearts of balletomanes through his scores for Billy the Kid (1938) and Rodeo (1942), and Graham’s name had become synonymous with the new direction of modern dance. But others who were involved in the project were as eminent in their own ways. Erick Hawkins and Merce Cunningham, both of whom would go on to lead their own dance companies to renown, shared the stage with Graham in the performance, and the acclaimed artist Isamu Noguchi designed the set.", "precise_score": 7.311764717102051, "rough_score": 7.301846504211426, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Symphony - COPLAND: Appalachian Spring" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Copland was no stranger to Americana and adventure. His 1942 score for the ballet �Rodeo� captivated audiences and critics alike with vivid images of life in the American west. We hear �Saturday Night Waltz� and the rambunctious �Hoedown� from �Rodeo,� with the composer conducting the London Symphony Orchestra.", "precise_score": 6.159599304199219, "rough_score": 6.454187870025635, "source": "search", "title": "Appalachian Spring by Aaron Copland - National Public Radio" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "In the early 1940s, Copland produced two important works intended as national morale boosters. Fanfare for the Common Man, scored for brass and percussion, was written in 1942 at the request of the conductor Eugene Goossens, conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. It would later be used to open many Democratic National Conventions, and to add dignity to a wide range of other events. Even musical groups from Woody Herman's jazz band to the Rolling Stones adapted the opening theme. Emerson, Lake & Palmer recorded a \"progressive rock\" version of the composition in 1977. The fanfare was also used as the main theme of the fourth movement of Copland's Third Symphony, where it first appears in a quiet, pastoral manner, then in the brassier form of the original. In the same year, Copland wrote A Lincoln Portrait, a commission from conductor André Kostelanetz, leading to a further strengthening of his association with American patriotic music. The work is famous for the spoken recitation of Lincoln's words, though the idea had been previously employed by John Alden Carpenter's \"Song of Faith\" based on George Washington's quotations. \"Lincoln Portrait\" is often performed at national holiday celebrations. Many Americans have performed the recitation, including politicians, actors, and musicians and Copland himself, with Henry Fonda doing the most notable recording.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.126235485076904, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "* Fanfare for the Common Man (1942)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179586410522461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "* Lincoln Portrait (1942)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.923845291137695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "* Rodeo (ballet) (1942)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1310112476348877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "* Danzon Cubano (1942)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.098947525024414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "* Music for the Movies (1942)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123291969299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aaron Copland" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "De Mille herself played the lead, and the premiere at the Metropolitan Opera House on 16 October 1942 received 22 curtain calls. The other principal dancers in the cast included Frederic Franklin and Casimir Kokitch. Though de Mille herself was not entirely pleased with the premiere, it was attended by Rodgers and Hammerstein, who approached de Mille afterward to request that she choreograph their upcoming production of Oklahoma!.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.22634506225586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rodeo (ballet)" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "1942—Completes A Lincoln Portrait, commissioned by conductor Andre Kostelanetz, and Fanfare for the Common Man, and composes the ballet Rodeo, commissioned by Agnes de Mille; elected to the Music Department of the National Institute of Arts and Letters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.172583103179932, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House …where America's ..." }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "1984—First volume of memoirs appears (Copland: 1900 Through 1942, written with Vivian Perlis)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.113034248352051, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland / Timeline // Copland House …where America's ..." }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Aaron Copland's life spanned most of the twentieth century, yet he is best-known for music that he wrote during a very short period, from 1938 to 1944. It was during this six years that he wrote his three ballets Billy the Kid (1938), Rodeo (1942) and Appalacian Spring (1943-44) as well as Fanfare for the Common Man and A Lincoln Portrait.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.937658309936523, "source": "search", "title": "Copland - Appalachian Spring - A Good-Music-Guide Review" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, doyenne of Washington's cultural patrons, demurred when initially approached to finance a collaboration. She wanted her money to support composers who were not yet well known. But Harold Spivacke, head of the Music Division of the Library of Congress, convinced her to make an exception in this case. On July 23, 1942, Mrs. Coolidge wrote to Copland, “allowing myself the pleasure of asking you if you would accept a commission of $500, to be applied to the writing of a music score for a new dance program for Martha Graham.” She expressed the wish that the new work would be ready to be unveiled in September 1943, at the Pittsfield Festival in Massachusetts. In fact, Copland and Graham had flirted with the idea of collaborating as early as 1941, when Graham was envisioning a ballet provisionally titled Daughter of Colchis that might be described as Medea set in New England. When Copland didn’t evince much enthusiasm, Graham turned her thoughts instead to something that would reflect the sort of gentle spirit that had made such an impact in Thornton Wilder’s 1938 play Our Town. This would be the emotional heart of Appalachian Spring.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.237362384796143, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Symphony - COPLAND: Appalachian Spring" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Danzón Cubano (1942, rev. 1945) In 1941, when it seemed likely that the U.S. might become directly involved in the armed conflicts in Europe and Asia, our government embarked on a scheme to strengthen the ties which already existed with our neighbors to the south. As part of this effort, Copland was dispatched as a kind of cultural ambassador on a friendship tour of nine Latin-American countries. In 1937 he had happily visited Cuba on the way home from the première of El Salón Mexico in Mexico City, and the fond memories he had of that country made him eager to return to Havana. While there in 1941, he went to a large dance hall (rather like a Cuban version of Salón Mexico) in which there were two orchestras playing at both ends of the hall. Copland decided to sit right in the middle so he could hear both ensembles at the same time, an arrangement which Charles Ives", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2743916511535645, "source": "search", "title": "Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin - Copland ..." }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "would have loved! During this visit Copland made quite a number of sketches of popular Cuban dance music. What eventually became the Danzón Cubano resulted from a commission from the League of American Composers for a concert in 1942 marking that organization’s 20th birthday. The original, two-piano version of the piece was given its première by the composer and Leonard Bernstein in December of that year in New York’s famous Town Hall. Copland came up with several titles for the work before settling on Danzón Cubano for the première of the orchestral version given by Reginald Stewart and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra in February of 1946. Just as he had done with El Salón Mexico, Copland wanted to utilize authentic native forms, rather than the commercialized Cuban ballroom dances of the day. Again, to quote Copland from the Vivian Perlis biography, “[the work] is based on Cuban dance rhythms, particularly the Danzón, a stately dance quite different from the rhumba, conga and tango, and one that fulfills a function rather similar to that of the waltz in our own music, providing contrast to some of the more animated dances. The special charm of the Danzón is a certain naïve sophistication. Its mood alternates between passages of rhythmic precision and a kind of non-sentimental sweetness under a nonchalant guise. Its success depends on being executed with precise rhythmic articulation.” Because of the demands of the orchestral version, Copland asked for a slower tempo than that of the two-piano original, and in so doing brought into sharper focus many of the intricacies and rhythmic complexities which make the work so fascinating. As to the overall concept of the piece, Copland has written, “I did not attempt to reproduce an authentic Cuban sound, but felt free to add my own touches of displaced accents and unexpected silent beats. In fact, I arranged one of the tunes in the traditional ‘blues rhythm,’ giving the final product something of an inter-American flavor.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.852985382080078, "source": "search", "title": "Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin - Copland ..." }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Charles Greenwell All of the quotations reproduced in these notes are taken from Copland: 1900 Through 1942, Aaron Copland and Vivian Perlis (St. Martin’s/Marek, New York, 1984). Used with permission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.539732456207275, "source": "search", "title": "Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin - Copland ..." }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "On October 16, 1942, the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo premiered Agnes de Mille's Rodeo at the Metropolitan Opera House. Frederic Franklin was cast as the Champion Roper in the original production opposite Agnes de Mille as the Cowgirl.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.142385482788086, "source": "search", "title": "Aaron Copland's <i>Rodeo</i> at American Ballet Theatre" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Miss de Mille's 1942 Americana classic remains spankingly fresh in the Joffrey production. The visual impact is unusually striking. Oliver Smith's backdrop of a ranch corral glows against a red-orange sky that Thomas Skelton's lighting sets seemingly ablaze. Unlike American Ballet Theater's production, the Joffrey version uses the original Kermit Love costume designs, and they make a difference in brightness and contrast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.811380386352539, "source": "search", "title": "BALLET - JOFFREY'S 'RODEO' - NYTimes.com - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "1942", "passage": "Aaron Copland�s \"Appalachian Spring� captures the essence of an ideal America, one of open fields and endless possibilities. But when Copland began his Pulitzer Prize-winning ballet score in 1942, he couldn�t have foreseen that it would become one of the most inspiring and symbolic works of the century. In fact, he wasn�t even sure what the title would be. On this edition of Milestones of the Millennium, we examine the story behind this American masterpiece and hear commentator and composer Robert Kapilow dissect its deceptively simple harmonies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.457471251487732, "source": "search", "title": "Appalachian Spring by Aaron Copland - National Public Radio" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Budapest Airport international departures. We are at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD) or formerly called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport or just Ferihegy, located in Budapest Hungary. We are on our way home back to Copenhagen after a long weekend stay in Budapest the capital of Hungary.", "precise_score": 6.437632083892822, "rough_score": 7.498802661895752, "source": "search", "title": "Inside Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD ..." }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "This airport footage is filmed at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD) or formerly called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport or just Ferihegy, located in Budapest Hungary.", "precise_score": 7.088876724243164, "rough_score": 7.652116775512695, "source": "search", "title": "Inside Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD ..." }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt Airport (IATA: BUD, ICAO: LHBP) also commonly known as Ferihegy, is the international airport that serves Budapest, the capital of Hungary. The airport is located 16 km southeast of Budapest city centre. The airport serves as a base for Ryanair and Wizzair.", "precise_score": 8.249028205871582, "rough_score": 7.7041239738464355, "source": "search", "title": "Budapest Airport (BUD)" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Building 18/A of the Terminal 1 compound houses the head office of the Transportation Safety Bureau of Hungary (TSB). The Directorate for Air Transport of the National Transport Authority (NKH), which governs commercial aviation in Hungary, has its head office inside Building 13 at the Terminal 1 compound. The head office of the predecessor agency of the TSB, the Civil Aviation Safety Bureau, was in Building 13. In addition Civil Aviation Authority, the predecessor of the NKH, also had its head office in Building 13. The terminal compound formerly housed the head office of ABC Air Hungary. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.895365715026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "* Wizz Air has its head office in Building 221. Wizz Air signed the lease agreement in October 2010 and moved there in June 2011 with 150 employees. The airline occupies over 2000 sqm of space in an office building refurbished after the airline's arrival. The facility, with open plan offices, houses about 150 employees. In addition, Farnair Hungary has its head office on the airport property. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.256204605102539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Several companies operate airport shuttles taking passengers to any destination in the city. Other shuttles and coach services exist to outlying towns in Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Serbia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.302005767822266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Nemzetközi Repülőtér, 1185 Budapest, Hungary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306132316589355, "source": "search", "title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Guide (BUD)" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Wiki writes about Budapest, \"Budapest /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ (Hungarian: [ˈbudɒpɛʃt] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and the largest city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union. It is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre, sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary...Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the river Danube with its unification on 17 November 1873 of Buda and Óbuda, on the west bank, with Pest, on the east bank.[", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.669729232788086, "source": "search", "title": "Inside Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD ..." }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "(IATA: BUD) is the busiest airport in Hungary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4616169929504395, "source": "search", "title": "Budapest Airport (BUD)" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "Address: Budapest Airport, Budapest, 1185 Hungary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.401762008666992, "source": "search", "title": "Budapest Airport (BUD)" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "passage": "airport in Budapest, Hungary", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.439681053161621, "source": "search", "title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport - Wikidata" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Chrissie Evert", "Chris Evert-Lloyd", "Christine Marie Evert", "Chris Evert", "Chris Evert Lloyd", "Christine Marie %22Chris%22 Evert", "Christine Evert", "Christine M. Evert" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "chris evert", "chrissie evert", "chris evert lloyd", "christine m evert", "christine evert", "christine marie 22chris 22 evert", "christine marie evert" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "chris evert", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Chris Evert" }

[ { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "Wade won at Wimbledon, in 1977. It was the sixteenth year in which Wade had played at Wimbledon, and she made her first appearance in the final by beating the defending champion Chris Evert in a semifinal 6–2, 4–6, 6–1. In the final, she faced Betty Stöve. Not only was 1977 the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Wimbledon Championships, but it was also the 25th year of the reign (the Silver Jubilee) of Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen attended the Wimbledon championships for the first time in a quarter-century to watch the final. Wade beat Stöve in three sets to claim the championship, nine days before her 32nd birthday. Wade received the trophy from Queen Elizabeth, and the audience at Centre Court burst out into a chorus of \"For She's a Jolly Good Fellow!\" to celebrate her triumph.", "precise_score": 6.843803882598877, "rough_score": 7.745296001434326, "source": "wiki", "title": "Virginia Wade" }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "It was the 16th year in which Wade had played at Wimbledon, and she made her first appearance in the final by beating the defending champion Chris Evert in a semifinal 6–2, 4–6, 6–1. In the final, she faced Betty Stöve. Read Less", "precise_score": 6.927307605743408, "rough_score": 7.424537658691406, "source": "search", "title": "Virginia Wade (Tennis Player) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "Prior to 2009 female players were referred to by the title \"Miss\" or \"Mrs\" on scoreboards. As dictated by strict rule of etiquette, married female players are referred to by their husbands' names: for example, Chris Evert-Lloyd appeared on scoreboards as \"Mrs. J. M. Lloyd\" during her marriage to John Lloyd, since \"Mrs. X\" essentially designates the wife of X. This tradition has continued at least to some extent. For the first time during the 2009 tournament, players were referred to on scoreboards by both their first and last names. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.236855506896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Championships, Wimbledon" }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "The film features John McEnroe, Chris Evert, Mary Carillo and John Barrett in the commentary box, and while Kirsten Dunst cuts an unlikely figure on the baseline, Paul Bettany who plays the lead most certainly benefitted from the coaching of 1987 Wimbledon winner Pat Cash, who trained the actors in the art of swinging the catgut.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.638442039489746, "source": "search", "title": "History - 2000s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2016 ..." }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "Inducted into International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1989...Voted WTA Tour Player of the Year for 1977 after fulfilling lifetime goal by winning Wimbledon...Won 1977 Wimbledon on 17th try under the most dramatic of circumstances for a Briton, as she played before Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of the QueenÆs Silver Jubilee marking 25 years of reign, and it was also the Wimbledon Centenary; defeated defending champion Chris Evert in semifinals and Betty Stove in finalàNo. 4 on Open Era match wins list with 839àRanked in Top 10 continuously from 1967-1979...In 1982, became first woman ever elected to Wimbledon Committee; remains very active...Won US Open in first year of Open Tennis in 1968; defeated Billie Jean King 64 64...As an amateur, won first Open Era tournament, held in Bournmouth, England, in 1968...Played Fed Cup 18 years for Great Britain and Wightman Cup 21 years...Recipient of 2002 Fed Cup Award of Excellence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.837053656578064, "source": "search", "title": "Virginia Wade - Women's Tennis Association" }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "Dark green and purple (sometimes also referred as mauve) are the traditional Wimbledon colours. Green apparel is worn by the chair umpire, linesmen, ball boys, and ball girls. The All England Club requires players to wear \"predominantly white\" clothing during matches. No other Grand Slam tournament has such a strict dress code for players. During matches, female players are always referred to with the title \"Miss\" or \"Mrs\". (Formerly, married female players were referred to by their husband's names: for example, Chris Evert-Lloyd appeared on scoreboards as \"Mrs. J. M. Lloyd\" during her marriage to John M. Lloyd. However, this custom has been abandoned.) On the other hand, the title \"Mr\" is never used for male players.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.564818382263184, "source": "search", "title": "WIMBLEDON - SOLAR NAVIGATOR" }, { "answer": "Chris Evert", "passage": "Wade triumphed in the centenary year of the competition in front of the Queen in her Silver Jubilee year. It was Wade’s 16th appearance at Wimbledon and her first singles final, courtesy of defeating, Chris Evert in the semi-finals. Wade beat Betty Stöve in three sets to claim the championship, nine days before her 32nd birthday with the crowd chorusing ‘For She’s a Jolly Good Fellow’ in celebration as she received the trophy from the Queen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.743654727935791, "source": "search", "title": "Wimbledon 2012: the greatest 25 moments - in pictures ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Tracy Austin", "passage": "Not so long ago, women’s tennis was chock-full of teenage champions. A 16-year-old Tracy Austin threatened the Evert-Navratilova duopoly in the late 1970s. Monica Seles won the French Open at the same age in 1990. Martina Hingis broke countless “youngest ever” records and won five Grand Slam titles before she turned 19.", "precise_score": 7.591181755065918, "rough_score": 8.512720108032227, "source": "search", "title": "The ten youngest tennis players in the WTA top 100 - Steve ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "80", "passage": "In fact, Richthofen's victories are unusually well documented. A full list of the aircraft the Red Baron was credited with shooting down was published as early as 1958 —with documented RFC/RAF squadron details, aircraft serial numbers, and the identities of Allied airmen killed or captured—73 of the 80 listed match recorded British losses. A study conducted by British historian Norman Franks with two colleagues, published in Under the Guns of the Red Baron in 1998, reached the same conclusion about the high degree of accuracy of Richthofen's claimed victories. There were also unconfirmed victories that would put his actual total as high as 100 or more. ", "precise_score": 4.484645843505859, "rough_score": 6.308910846710205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "The Red Baron - Top Ace of WWI, 80 victories", "precise_score": 4.722909927368164, "rough_score": 4.887972354888916, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "The Red Baron was one of those heroes whose life seems almost scripted. Discipline, pride, hunting skills, and Teutonic patriotism all combined in this man, bringing him to the pinnacle of fame which long outlasted the man himself. \"Curse you, Red Baron,\" cried Snoopy, the Mitty-esque canine ace of Charles Schultz' Peanuts comic strip. But Richthofen was no caricature, methodically claiming 80 aerial victories, before falling himself, in a Wagnerian finale.", "precise_score": 5.82525110244751, "rough_score": 4.617876052856445, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Von Richthofen's eighty victories have been as well-researched as any fighter pilot's claim. See this detailed list of The Red Baron's Kills . A surprisingly large percentage of his 80 kills can be matched to specific British loss records.", "precise_score": 5.40725564956665, "rough_score": 5.096848964691162, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace" }, { "answer": "eighty", "passage": "Studio portrait of German aviator Baron Manfred Von Richthofen (1882 - 1918) holding a cigarette while wearing a military uniform. Known as 'The Red Baron,' he won eighty aerial victories before he was killed in action over France during WWI.  (Photo by Nicola Perscheid/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 5.825156211853027, "rough_score": 2.611257791519165, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron: Manfred von Richthofen Biography" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during the First World War. He is considered the ace-of-aces of the war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.009371146559715271, "source": "wiki", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "He returned to his Albatros D.III on 2 April 1917 and scored 22 victories in it before switching to the Albatros D.V in late June. From late July, following his discharge from hospital, Richthofen flew the celebrated Fokker Dr.I triplane, the distinctive three-winged aircraft with which he is most commonly associated, although he did not use the type exclusively until after it was reissued with strengthened wings in November. Despite the popular link between Richthofen and the Fokker Dr. I, only 19 of his 80 kills were made in this type of aircraft. It was his Albatros D.III Serial No. 789/16 that was first painted bright red, in late January 1917, and in which he first earned his name and reputation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.931665420532227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "For decades after World War I, some authors questioned whether Richthofen had achieved 80 victories, insisting that his record was exaggerated for propaganda purposes. Some claimed that he took credit for aircraft downed by his squadron or wing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8393659591674805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "At 100 mph faster, the MiG-15 was more than a match for the U.S. P-80 Shooting Star, using the same dive and shoot tactic that the Americans found so useful against Japan. The U.S. jets had inferior weaponry, and suffered from problems with production and parts. The U.S. resorted to using mainly the more maneuverable propeller driven fighters during the war, such as the P-51 Mustang which was carried over from World War II. The P-47 Thunderbolt was not used in Korea. Used mainly in the close air support role, Mustangs were more vulnerable to being shot down (and many were lost due to anti-aircraft fire). Some former P-47 pilots suggested the more durable Thunderbolt should have been sent to Korea; however, the P-51D was available in greater numbers in the USAF and ANG inventories. (See footnote [27] under Wikipedia article on P-47 Thunderbolt.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.034745216369629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dogfight" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "The Arab–Israeli conflicts were a series of wars between the country of Israel and its surrounding Arab neighbors. Those that involved dogfighting occurred between 1948 and 1985. The wars escalated on 14 May 1948, the day Israel declared its sovereignty from Britain. The War of Independence was followed by the Suez-Sinai War in 1956, the Six-Day War in 1967, the War of Attrition, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the First Lebanon War in the early 1980s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.196735382080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dogfight" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "The IAF was able to conduct a wide range of missions – troop support; air combat; deep penetration strikes; para-dropping behind enemy lines; feints to draw enemy fighters away from the actual target; bombing; and reconnaissance. In contrast, the Pakistan Air Force, which was solely focused on air combat, was blown out of the subcontinent’s skies within the first week of the war. Those PAF aircraft that survived took refuge at Iranian air bases or in concrete bunkers, refusing to offer a fight. Hostilities officially ended at 14:30 GMT on 17 December, after the fall of Dacca on 15 December. India claimed large gains of territory in West Pakistan (although pre-war boundaries were recognised after the war), and the independence of Pakistan's East wing as Bangladesh was confirmed. The IAF had flown over 16,000 sorties on both East and West fronts; including sorties by transport aircraft and helicopters. while the PAF flew about 30 and 2,840. More than 80 percent of the IAF's sorties were close-support and interdiction, and according to neutral assessments about 45 IAF aircraft were lost while, Pakistan lost 75 aircraft. Not including any F-6s, Mirage IIIs, or the six Jordanian F-104s which failed to return to their donors. But the imbalance in air losses was explained by the IAF's considerably higher sortie rate, and its emphasis on ground-attack missions. On the ground Pakistan suffered most, with 9,000 killed and 25,000 wounded while India lost 3,000 dead and 12,000 wounded. The loss of armoured vehicles was similarly imbalanced. This represented a major defeat for Pakistan. Towards the end of the war, IAF's transport planes dropped leaflets over Dhaka urging the Pakistani forces to surrender, demoralising Pakistani troops in East Pakistan. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.163779258728027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dogfight" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "In the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988 (also known as first Gulf War) many dogfights happened between Iranian Air Force and Saddam Hussein's Iraq Air Force. At early years of the war IRIAF had the superiority (see for example Operation Sultan 10 and Operation Morvarid); however, at the end of the war, Iranian Air Force lost its superiority due to the lack of their western made aircraft spare parts and outdated equipment, while Iraq was introducing new French and Soviet weapons in its air force.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8448896408081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dogfight" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Richthofen's last victory was number 80; Lt. D. E. Lewis walked away from his wreck.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.830810070037842, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft: 1914-1980, by Enzio Angelucci, The Military Press, 1983", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9801025390625, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen - Top WW1 German Ace" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "With 80 confirmed kills, Baron Manfred von Richthofen was World War One's highest scoring combat pilot and its most famous flyer. He began his military career as a cavalryman but switched to the air corps in 1915 first as an observer and then as a fighter pilot. He scored his first combat kill in September of 1916.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.910097122192383, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron Scores Two Victories, 1917" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "By the spring of 1918 the Red Baron had shot down 80 victims. His luck was about to run out. On April 21 he chased what would have been kill number 81 far behind the British lines. The grim ballet between hunter and hunted brought both planes closer and closer to the ground. With his quarry firmly in his sights, the Red Baron was suddenly felled by a single bullet coming either from troops on the ground or from a Canadian pilot flying in hot pursuit and desperately trying to save his comrade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3132624924182892, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron Scores Two Victories, 1917" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Historians dispute the final flight of Red Baron. After several grueling months of escorting bombers, some theorize that combat stress had caused him to become too reckless in his piloting. Others claim he was gunned down by unexpected ground fire. In any case, on October 29, the Red Baron was shot down and killed. Some of the craziest historians argue that the person responsible for finally ending the Baron's reign over the sky was none other than Snoopy , possibly after also being sent forward in time. Others claim that the Allies did not possess time travel technology until the 1950s, and thus Snoopy simply waited the 22 years between the wars for his revenge. This theory is not widely supported, as the time between the wars is actually 280 dog years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.019148111343384, "source": "search", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "↑ This death-count of 80 kills accounts strictly for pilots Richthofen killed via machine gun, and would doubtless be much higher if historians agreed on the number of his early kills as another pilot's wingman, the countless spineless enemy pilots who intentionally flew their planes into the ground upon sighting his terrifying tri-winged airplane ; the pilots who killed themselves with laudinum overdoses before taking to the air to avoid fight him, or the dozens of girls dredged from rivers or confined to mental asylums after Richthofen rejected their love.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.681642532348633, "source": "search", "title": "Manfred von Richthofen - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "eighty", "passage": "France's most successful pilots included Rene Fonck (75), Georges Guynemer (53) and Charles Nungesser (43). However, it was the German pilot, Manfred von Richthofen, the 'Red Baron', with eighty victories, who achieved the highest figure during the First World War.  The publication of these figures helped to build up morale during the war. They were also used to persuade young men to join the armed forces and to encourage experienced pilots to compete with their comrades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.427570343017578, "source": "search", "title": "MANFRED Von RICHTHOFEN - THE RED BARON - SPEEDACE.INFO" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 � 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkr�fte) during World War I. He is considered the top ace of that war, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6878649592399597, "source": "search", "title": "MANFRED Von RICHTHOFEN - THE RED BARON - SPEEDACE.INFO" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "Manfred von Richthofen was killed when he was was brought down by ground fire on 21st April 1918. Richthofen had been responsible for shooting down 80 allied aircraft, the highest score of any fighter pilot during the First World War .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.521124839782715, "source": "search", "title": "MANFRED Von RICHTHOFEN - THE RED BARON - SPEEDACE.INFO" }, { "answer": "80", "passage": "His achievements made him both a hero and a propaganda tool. With 80 credited victories , Baron Manfred von Richthofen, the \"Red Baron,\" defied the odds and became a legend in the air.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.007924506440758705, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Baron: Manfred von Richthofen Biography" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "T–Bone Walker", "T Bone Walker", "Aaron Thibeaux Walker", "T. Bone Walker", "T-bone Walker", "Aaron T-Bone Walker", "T-Bone Walker" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "t–bone walker", "aaron thibeaux walker", "t bone walker", "aaron t bone walker" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "t bone walker", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "T-Bone Walker" }

[ { "answer": "T-Bone Walker", "passage": "Slim hit New Orleans to little fanfare. He hung out in a booth at a bar in the French Quarter playing guitar for wine, tips, and whatever else he could scrounge up. One story has him dressed in a black suit and a white hat playing on a bridge in the 9th Ward, practicing and trying to get noticed. Singer Geri Hall first heard Slim playing electric guitar at top volume on his front step at six o�clock in the morning, much to his neighbors� dismay. He soon met 15-year-old piano player Huey Smith, and they started playing together. They made their formal debut on August 26, 1950, at the Dew Drop Inn. Also on the bill that night were a female impersonator and a shake dancer. Slim�s repertoire at the time was heavy on covers of Clarence \"Gatemouth\" Brown and probably T-Bone Walker. Brown was probably his greatest influence as Slim was learning his craft as both a guitarist and a performer. But, as legend tells us, Slim took things up a notch. What he lacked in chops, he made up for with his flamboyant style.", "precise_score": -8.025032043457031, "rough_score": -7.704063415527344, "source": "search", "title": "Perfect Sound Forever: Guitar Slim- The Things That He ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Thomas Kuhn", "Kuhn, Thomas", "Thomas Samuel Kuhn", "Samuel Kuhn", "Thomas Khun", "Thomas S. Kuhn", "T. Kuhn", "T.S. Kuhn", "TS Kuhn", "Kuhn, Thomas S.", "T. S. Kuhn", "Kuhnian" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "thomas kuhn", "t kuhn", "thomas s kuhn", "kuhnian", "kuhn thomas", "ts kuhn", "thomas khun", "t s kuhn", "samuel kuhn", "kuhn thomas s", "thomas samuel kuhn" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "ts kuhn", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "TS Kuhn" }

[ { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "The Oxford English Dictionary defines the basic meaning of the term paradigm as \"a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model\". The historian of science Thomas Kuhn gave it its contemporary meaning when he adopted the word to refer to the set of concepts and practices that define a scientific discipline at any particular period of time. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (first published in 1962), Kuhn defines a scientific paradigm as: \"universally recognized scientific achievements that, for a time, provide model problems and solutions for a community of practitioners, i.e.,", "precise_score": 2.369086503982544, "rough_score": -2.0848426818847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "T. Kuhn", "passage": "Paradigm shifts tend to appear in response to the accumulation of critical anomalies as well as the proposal of a new theory with the power to encompass both older relevant data and explain relevant anomalies. New paradigms tend to be most dramatic in sciences that appear to be stable and mature, as in physics at the end of the 19th century. At that time, a statement generally attributed to physicist Lord Kelvin famously claimed, \"There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.\" Five years later, Albert Einstein published his paper on special relativity, which challenged the set of rules laid down by Newtonian mechanics, which had been used to describe force and motion for over two hundred years. In this case, the new paradigm reduces the old to a special case in the sense that Newtonian mechanics is still a good model for approximation for speeds that are slow compared to the speed of light. Many philosophers and historians of science, including Kuhn himself, ultimately accepted a modified version of Kuhn's model, which synthesizes his original view with the gradualist model that preceded it. Kuhn's original model is now generally seen as too limited .", "precise_score": -1.0177158117294312, "rough_score": -0.4337271451950073, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "Opaque Kuhnian paradigms and paradigm shifts do exist. A few years after the discovery of the mirror-neurons that provide a hard-wired basis for the human capacity for empathy, the scientists involved were unable to identify the incidents that had directed their attention to the issue. Over the course of the investigation, their language and metaphors had changed so that they themselves could no longer interpret all of their own earlier laboratory notes and records. ", "precise_score": -1.5827882289886475, "rough_score": -2.138108491897583, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "Another use of the word paradigm is in the sense of \"worldview\". For example, in social science, the term is used to describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception. Social scientists have adopted the Kuhnian phrase \"paradigm shift\" to denote a change in how a given society goes about organizing and understanding reality. A \"dominant paradigm\" refers to the values, or system of thought, in a society that are most standard and widely held at a given time. Dominant paradigms are shaped both by the community's cultural background and by the context of the historical moment. The following are conditions that facilitate a system of thought to become an accepted dominant paradigm:", "precise_score": -1.5176774263381958, "rough_score": 0.6869987845420837, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Fifty years ago this month, one of the most influential books of the 20th century was published by the University of Chicago Press. Many if not most lay people have probably never heard of its author, Thomas Kuhn, or of his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , but their thinking has almost certainly been influenced by his ideas. The litmus test is whether you've ever heard or used the term \"paradigm shift\", which is probably the most used – and abused – term in contemporary discussions of organisational change and intellectual progress. A Google search for it returns more than 10 million hits, for example. And it currently turns up inside no fewer than 18,300 of the books marketed by Amazon . It is also one of the most cited academic books of all time . So if ever a big idea went viral, this is it.", "precise_score": -0.10873576253652573, "rough_score": -4.034927845001221, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "The most intriguing idea, however, is to use Kuhn's thinking to interpret his own achievement. In his quiet way, he brought about a conceptual revolution by triggering a shift in our understanding of science from a Whiggish paradigm to a Kuhnian one, and much of what is now done in the history and philosophy of science might be regarded as \"normal\" science within the new paradigm. But already the anomalies are beginning to accumulate. Kuhn, like Popper, thought that science was mainly about theory, but an increasing amount of cutting-edge scientific research is data- rather than theory-driven . And while physics was undoubtedly the Queen of the Sciences when Structure… was being written, that role has now passed to molecular genetics and biotechnology. Does Kuhn's analysis hold good for these new areas of science? And if not, isn't it time for a paradigm shift?", "precise_score": -0.6411230564117432, "rough_score": -3.0888760089874268, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "TS Kuhn", "passage": "If, as in the standard picture, scientific revolutions are like normal science but better, then revolutionary science will at all times be regarded as something positive, to be sought, promoted, and welcomed. Revolutions are to be sought on Popper's view also, but not because they add to positive knowledge of the truth of theories but because they add to the negative knowledge that the relevant theories are false. Kuhn rejected both the traditional and Popperian views in this regard. He claims that normal science can succeed in making progress only if there is a strong commitment by the relevant scientific community to their shared theoretical beliefs, values, instruments and techniques, and even metaphysics. This constellation of shared commitments Kuhn at one point calls a ‘disciplinary matrix’ (1970a, 182) although elsewhere he often uses the term ‘paradigm’. Because commitment to the disciplinary matrix is a pre-requisite for successful normal science, an inculcation of that commitment is a key element in scientific training and in the formation of the mind-set of a successful scientist. This tension between the desire for innovation and the necessary conservativeness of most scientists was the subject of one of Kuhn's first essays in the theory of science, “The Essential Tension” (1959). The unusual emphasis on a conservative attitude distinguishes Kuhn not only from the heroic element of the standard picture but also from Popper and his depiction of the scientist forever attempting to refute her most important theories.", "precise_score": -4.383046627044678, "rough_score": -3.0822131633758545, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "In 1962, Thomas Kuhn wrote The Structure of Scientific Revolution, and fathered, defined and popularized the concept of \"paradigm shift\" (p.10). Kuhn argues that scientific advancement is not evolutionary, but rather is a \"series of peaceful interludes punctuated by intellectually violent revolutions\", and in those revolutions \"one conceptual world view is replaced by another\".", "precise_score": 1.8806467056274414, "rough_score": 0.7184363603591919, "source": "search", "title": "Paradigm Shift - Defined" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy attributes the following description of the term to Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.135022163391113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "Mechanisms similar to the original Kuhnian paradigm have been invoked in various disciplines other than the philosophy of science. These include: the idea of major cultural themes, worldviews (and see below), ideologies, and mindsets. They have somewhat similar meanings that apply to smaller and larger scale examples of disciplined thought. In addition, Michel Foucault used the terms episteme and discourse, mathesis and taxinomia, for aspects of a \"paradigm\" in Kuhn's original sense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.589579105377197, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "However, both Kuhn's original work and Dogan's commentary are directed at disciplines that are defined by conventional labels (e.g., \"sociology\"). While it is true that such broad groupings in the social sciences are usually not based on a Kuhnian paradigm, each of the competing sub-disciplines may still be underpinned by a paradigm, research programme, research tradition, and/ or professional imagery. These structures will be motivating research, providing it with an agenda, defining what is - and what is not - anomalous evidence, and inhibiting debate with other groups that fall under the same broad disciplinary label. (A good example is provided by the contrast between Skinnerian behaviourism and Personal Construct Theory, PCT, within psychology. The most significant of the many ways these two sub-disciplines of psychology differ concerns meanings and intentions. In PCT, these are seen as the central concern of psychology; in behaviourism, they are not scientific evidence at all, because they cannot be directly observed.) These considerations explain the conflict between the Kuhn/ Dogan view, and the views of others (including Larry Laudan, see above), who do apply these concepts to social sciences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.746569633483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paradigm" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science | Science | The Guardian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.64185905456543, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Kuhn: the man who changed the way the world looked at science", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25861930847168, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Fifty years ago, a book by Thomas Kuhn altered the way we look at the philosophy behind science, as well as introducing the much abused phrase 'paradigm shift'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.227025508880615, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "T. Kuhn", "passage": "What Kuhn had run up against was the central weakness of the Whig interpretation of history. By the standards of present-day physics, Aristotle looks like an idiot. And yet we know he wasn't. Kuhn's blinding insight came from the sudden realisation that if one is to understand Aristotelian science, one must know about the intellectual tradition within which Aristotle worked. One must understand, for example, that for him the term \"motion\" meant change in general – not just the change in position of a physical body, which is how we think of it. Or, to put it in more general terms, to understand scientific development one must understand the intellectual frameworks within which scientists work. That insight is the engine that drives Kuhn's great book.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.279523849487305, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Rebekah Higgitt: A recent lecture by Prof Greg Radick questions our scientific inheritance, through textbook histories of genetics and Thomas Kuhn's legacy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.432114601135254, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn’s sense of the term - theguardian.com" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97237777709961, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Kuhn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338957786560059, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Samuel Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996) is one of the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century, perhaps the most influential. His 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most cited academic books of all time. Kuhn's contribution to the philosophy of science marked not only a break with several key positivist doctrines, but also inaugurated a new style of philosophy of science that brought it closer to the history of science. His account of the development of science held that science enjoys periods of stable growth punctuated by revisionary revolutions. To this thesis, Kuhn added the controversial ‘incommensurability thesis’, that theories from differing periods suffer from certain deep kinds of failure of comparability.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.386085510253906, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Thomas Kuhn's academic life started in physics. He then switched to history of science, and as his career developed he moved over to philosophy of science, although retaining a strong interest in the history of physics. In 1943, he graduated from Harvard summa cum laude. Thereafter he spent the remainder of the war years in research related to radar at Harvard and then in Europe. He gained his master's degree in physics in 1946, and his doctorate in 1949, also in physics (concerning an application of quantum mechanics to solid state physics). Kuhn was elected to the prestigious Society of Fellows at Harvard, another of whose members was W. V. Quine. At this time, and until 1956, Kuhn taught a class in science for undergraduates in the humanities, as part of the General Education in Science curriculum, developed by James B. Conant, the President of Harvard. This course was centred around historical case studies, and this was Kuhn's first opportunity to study historical scientific texts in detail. His initial bewilderment on reading the scientific work of Aristotle was a formative experience, followed as it was by a more or less sudden ability to understand Aristotle properly, undistorted by knowledge of subsequent science.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.09394645690918, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "T. Kuhn", "passage": "A collection of Kuhn's essays in the philosophy and history of science was published in 1977, with the title The Essential Tension taken from one of Kuhn's earliest essays in which he emphasizes the importance of tradition in science. The following year saw the publication of his second historical monograph Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, concerning the early history of quantum mechanics. In 1983 he was named Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy at MIT. Kuhn continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s to work on a variety of topics in both history and philosophy of science, including the development of the concept of incommensurability, and at the time of his death in 1996 he was working on a second philosophical monograph dealing with, among other matters, an evolutionary conception of scientific change and concept acquisition in developmental psychology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.448997497558594, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "T. Kuhn", "passage": "In the 1950s, when Kuhn began his historical studies of science, the history of science was a young academic discipline. Even so, it was becoming clear that scientific change was not always as straightforward as the standard, traditional view would have it. Kuhn was the first and most important author to articulate a developed alternative account. Since the standard view dovetailed with the dominant, positivist-influenced philosophy of science, a non-standard view would have important consequences for the philosophy of science. Kuhn had little formal philosophical training but was nonetheless fully conscious of the significance of his innovation for philosophy, and indeed he called his work ‘history for philosophical purposes’ (Kuhn 2000, 276).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.220790863037109, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "T. Kuhn", "passage": "According to Kuhn the development of a science is not uniform but has alternating ‘normal’ and ‘revolutionary’ (or ‘extraordinary’) phases. The revolutionary phases are not merely periods of accelerated progress, but differ qualitatively from normal science. Normal science does resemble the standard cumulative picture of scientific progress, on the surface at least. Kuhn describes normal science as ‘puzzle-solving’ (1962/1970a, 35–42). While this term suggests that normal science is not dramatic, its main purpose is to convey the idea that like someone doing a crossword puzzle or a chess problem or a jigsaw, the puzzle-solver expects to have a reasonable chance of solving the puzzle, that his doing so will depend mainly on his own ability, and that the puzzle itself and its methods of solution will have a high degree of familiarity. A puzzle-solver is not entering completely uncharted territory. Because its puzzles and their solutions are familiar and relatively straightforward, normal science can expect to accumulate a growing stock of puzzle-solutions. Revolutionary science, however, is not cumulative in that, according to Kuhn, scientific revolutions involve a revision to existing scientific belief or practice (1962/1970a, 92). Not all the achievements of the preceding period of normal science are preserved in a revolution, and indeed a later period of science may find itself without an explanation for a phenomenon that in an earlier period was held to be successfully explained. This feature of scientific revolutions has become known as ‘Kuhn-loss’ (1962/1970a, 99–100).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.180933952331543, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "At the same time, by making revisionary change a necessary condition of revolutionary science, Kuhn ignores important discoveries and developments that are widely regarded as revolutionary, such as the discovery of the structure of DNA and the revolution in molecular biology. Kuhn's view is that discoveries and revolutions come about only as a consequence of the appearance of anomalies. Yet it is also clear that a discovery might come about in the course of normal science and initiate a ‘revolution’ (in a non-Kuhnian sense) in a field because of the unexpected insight it provides and the way it opens up opportunities for new avenues of research. The double-helical structure of DNA was not expected but immediately suggested a mechanism for the duplication of genetic information (e.g. in mitosis), which had enormous consequences for subsequent biological research.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.87122917175293, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "The status as genuine sciences of what we now call the social and human sciences has widely been held in doubt. Such disciplines lack the remarkable track record of established natural sciences and seem to differ also in the methods they employ. More specifically they fail by pre-Kuhnian philosophical criteria of sciencehood. On the one hand, positivists required of a science that it should be verifiable by reference to its predictive successes. On the other, Popper's criterion was that a science should be potentially falsifiable by a prediction of the theory. Yet psychoanalysis, sociology and even economics have difficulty in making precise predictions at all, let alone ones that provide for clear confirmation or unambiguous refutation. Kuhn's picture of a mature science as being dominated by a paradigm that generated sui generis puzzles and criteria for assessing solutions to them could much more easily accommodate these disciplines. For example, Popper famously complained that psychoanalysis could not be scientific because it resists falsification. Kuhn's account argues that resisting falsification is precisely what every disciplinary matrix in science does. Even disciplines that could not claim to be dominated by a settled paradigm but were beset by competing schools with different fundamental ideas could appeal to Kuhn's description of the pre-paradigm state of a science in its infancy. Consequently Kuhn's analysis was popular among those seeking legitimacy as science (and consequently kudos and funding) for their new disciplines. Kuhn himself did not especially promote such extensions of his views, and indeed cast doubt upon them. He denied that psychoanalysis is a science and argued that there are reasons why some fields within the social sciences could not sustain extended periods of puzzle-solving normal science (1991b). Although, he says, the natural sciences involve interpretation just as human and social sciences do, one difference is that hermeneutic re-interpretation, the search for new and deeper intepretations, is the essence of many social scientific enterprises. This contrasts with the natural sciences where an established and unchanging interpretation (e.g. of the heavens) is a pre-condition of normal science. Re-intepretation is the result of a scientific revolution and is typically resisted rather than actively sought. Another reason why regular reinterpretation is part of the human sciences and not the natural sciences is that social and political systems are themselves changing in ways that call for new interpretations, whereas the subject matter of the natural sciences is constant in the relevant respects, permitting a puzzle-solving tradition as well as a standing source of revolution-generating anomalies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.172202110290527, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "TS Kuhn", "passage": "Kuhn himself, however, showed only limited sympathy for such developments. In his “The Trouble with the Historical Philosophy of Science” (1992) Kuhn derides those who take the view that in the ‘negotiations’ that determine the accepted outcome of an experiment or its theoretical significance, all that counts are the interests and power relations among the participants. Kuhn targeted the proponents of the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge with such comments; and even if this is not entirely fair to the Strong Programme, it reflects Kuhn's own view that the primary determinants of the outcome of a scientific episode are to be found within science. External history of science seeks causes of scientific change in social, political, religious and other developments of science. Kuhn sees his work as “pretty straight internalist” (2000: 287). First, the five values Kuhn ascribes to all science are in his view constitutive of science. An enterprise could have different values but it would not be science (1977c, 331; 1993, 338). Secondly, when a scientist is influenced by individual or other factors in applying these values or in coming to a judgment when these values are not decisive, those influencing factors will typically themselves come from within science (especially in modern, professionalized science). Personality may play a role in the acceptance of a theory, because, for example, one scientist is more risk-averse than another (1977c, 325)—but that is still a relationship to the scientific evidence. Even when reputation plays a part, it is typically scientific reputation that encourages the community to back the opinion of an eminent scientist. Thirdly, in a large community such variable factors will tend to cancel out. Kuhn supposes that individual differences are normally distributed and that a judgment corresponding to the mean of the distribution will also correspond to the judgment that would, hypothetically, be demanded by the rules of scientific method, as traditionally conceived (1977c, 333). Moreover, the existence of differences of response within the leeway provided by shared values is crucial to science, since it permits “rational men to disagree” (1977c, 332) and thus to commit themselves to rival theories. Thus the looseness of values and the differences they permit “may . . . appear an indispensable means of spreading the risk which the introduction or support of novelty always entails” (Ibid.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.16505765914917, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "Assessing Kuhn's significance presents a conundrum. Unquestionably he was one of the most influential philosophers and historians of science of the twentieth century. His most obvious achievement was to have been a major force in bringing about the final demise of logical positivism. Nonetheless, there is no characteristically Kuhnian school that carries on his positive work. It is as if he himself brought about a revolution but did not supply the replacement paradigm. For a period in the 1960s and 1970s it looked as if there was a Kuhnian paradigm ‘historical philosophy of science’, flourishing especially in newly formed departments of history and philosophy of science. But as far as the history of science and science studies more generally are concerned, Kuhn repudiated at least the more radical developments made in his name. Indeed part of Kuhn's fame must be due to the fact that both his supporters and his detractors took his work to be more revolutionary (anti-rationalist, relativist) than it really was.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.792779445648193, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Kuhnian", "passage": "The explanation of scientific development in terms of paradigms was not only novel but radical too, insofar as it gives a naturalistic explanation of belief-change. Naturalism was not in the early 1960s the familiar part of philosophical landscape that it has subsequently become. Kuhn's explanation contrasted with explanations in terms of rules of method (or confirmation, falsification etc.) that most philosophers of science took to be constitutive of rationality. Furthermore, the relevant disciplines (psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence) were not then advanced enough to to support Kuhn's contentions concerning paradigms, or those disciplines were antithetical to Kuhn's views (in the case of classical AI). Now that naturalism has become an accepted component of philosophy, there has recently been interest in reassessing Kuhn's work in the light of developments in the relevant sciences, many of which provide corroboration for Kuhn's claim that science is driven by relations of perceived similarity and analogy. It may yet be that a characteristically Kuhnian thesis will play a prominent part in our understanding of science.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.586972713470459, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Books by Thomas Kuhn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136276245117188, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Selected papers of Thomas Kuhn", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.286483764648438, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "1993, “Afterwords” in World Changes. Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science, edited by P. Horwich, Cambridge MA: MIT Press: 311–41.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.371623039245605, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Bird, A., 2000, Thomas Kuhn, Chesham: Acumen and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.686563491821289, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Fuller, S. 2000, Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for our Times, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35948371887207, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Horwich, P. (ed.), 1993, World Changes. Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.090222358703613, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas S. Kuhn", "passage": "Hoyningen-Huene, P., 1989, Die Wissenschaftsphilosophie Thomas S. Kuhns: Rekonstruktion und Grundlagenprobleme, translated as Hoyningen-Huene, P., 1993, Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.516133308410645, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Thomas Kuhn", "passage": "Nickles, T., 2003a (ed.), Thomas Kuhn, Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.531661987304688, "source": "search", "title": "Thomas Kuhn (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" }, { "answer": "Kuhn, Thomas", "passage": "Reference: Kuhn, Thomas, S., \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\", Second Edition, Enlarged, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1970(1962)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.600760459899902, "source": "search", "title": "Paradigm Shift - Defined" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Northern irish", "passage": "Nigel John Dermot Neill (born 14 September 1947), known professionally as Sam Neill, is a Northern Irish–born New Zealand actor who first achieved leading roles in films such as Omen III: The Final Conflict and Dead Calm and on television in Reilly, Ace of Spies. He won a broad international audience in 1993 for his roles as Alisdair Stewart in The Piano and Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park, a role he reprised in 2001's Jurassic Park III. Neill also had notable roles in Merlin, The Hunt for Red October and The Tudors. In 2016, he starred in Hunt for the Wilderpeople alongside Julian Dennison, to great acclaim. He holds New Zealand, British and Irish nationality, but identifies primarily as a New Zealander. ", "precise_score": 7.850094795227051, "rough_score": 8.8930025100708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sam Neill" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Sam Neill was born in Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to army parents, an English-born mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), and a New Zealand-born father, Dermot Neill. His family moved to the South Island of New Zealand in 1954. He went to boarding schools and then attended the universities at Canterbury and Victoria. He has a BA in English Literature. Following his graduation, he worked with the New Zealand Players and other theater groups. He also was a film director, editor and scriptwriter for the New Zealand National Film Unit for 6 years.", "precise_score": 8.860501289367676, "rough_score": 9.469927787780762, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Sam Neill was born in Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to army parents, an English-born mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), and a New Zealand-born father, Dermot Neill. His family moved to the South Island of New Zealand in 1954. He went to boarding schools and then attended the universities at Canterbury and Victoria. He has a BA in English ... See full bio »", "precise_score": 9.04965591430664, "rough_score": 9.400155067443848, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Neill was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, the second son of Dermot Neill, a Harrow- and Sandhurst-educated British Army officer and third-generation New Zealander, and his English wife, Priscilla Beatrice (née Ingham). At the time of Neill's birth, his father was stationed in Northern Ireland, serving with the Irish Guards. His father's family owned Neill and Co., the largest liquor retailers in New Zealand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.7037553787231445, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sam Neill" }, { "answer": "Northern irish", "passage": "Born to Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), who was English, and Dermot Neill, a New Zealand army officer. His ancestry includes English, Anglo-Irish (Northern Irish), and Irish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.0843823105096817, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Born in Northern Ireland, Neill was raised in the country he still calls home—New Zealand. And being far away from the Hollywood spotlight is just the way he likes it. \"The one thing I find sad when I come to Los Angeles,\" he says, \"is that the world here is populated by millions of people who want to be actors and never will be. And it's a particularly American thing, I think, to advise people to follow their dreams. You ought to be very careful about advising such things, because people have all kinds of entirely unrealistic dreams. As a result, so many people here think of themselves as losers, which is the worst thing you can be called in America.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.595688819885254, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill biography and filmography | Sam Neill movies" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "9/14/1947, Omagh, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, U.K.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.754257202148438, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Sam Neill was born to New Zealand Army parents, Dermot and Priscilla Neill, while they were stationed in Northern Ireland. He has an older brother and a younger sister. The family returned to New Zealand in 1954, where he attended boarding school at Christchurch's Christ College, and participated… more", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.877607345581055, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Omagh, Northern Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43173599243164, "source": "search", "title": "SAM NEILL at THESPIAN NET" }, { "answer": "N Ireland", "passage": "      Nigel Neill was seven when his New Zealand parents returned home from their Ireland postings, and like most Army siblings, spent much of his boyhood in boarding schools before graduating from Canterbury University with a BA in literature. (The nickname Sam started when he was a youngster in Ireland).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.184781551361084, "source": "search", "title": "SAM NEILL at THESPIAN NET" }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Place of Birth: Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.296924591064453, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ..." }, { "answer": "Northern irish", "passage": "Ethnicity: English, Anglo-Irish (Northern Irish), Irish", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.171347618103027, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ..." }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "He was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. His mother, Priscilla Beatrice (Ingham), was English, and his father, Dermot Neill, was from New Zealand, and was stationed with the Irish Guards in Northern Ireland when Sam was born. His ancestry includes English, Anglo-Irish (Northern Irish), and Irish. Sam was raised mostly in New Zealand, around Christchurch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.093559265136719, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ..." }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Sam’s paternal grandfather was Sydney Edmund Dermot Neill (the son of Percival Clay Neill and Gertrude Emeline Fyans). Percival was born in Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, the son of Robert Neill and Margaret Riddle. Gertrude was born in Australia, the daughter of Irish parents, Foster Fyans and Elizabeth Alice Cane.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.882955074310303, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill — Ethnicity of Celebs | What Nationality ..." }, { "answer": "Northern ireland", "passage": "Birthplace: Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12833023071289, "source": "search", "title": "Sam Neill - NNDB" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Jewcy.com | Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild", "precise_score": 4.270187854766846, "rough_score": 6.237276554107666, "source": "search", "title": "Jewcy.com | Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild", "precise_score": 5.237988471984863, "rough_score": 7.135990142822266, "source": "search", "title": "Jewcy.com | Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild" }, { "answer": "Rothchild", "passage": "In 1917 Dorothy met and married Edwin Pond Parker II, a stockbroker. Dorothy was only too happy to marry and rid herself of the Rothchild name. She dealt with strong feelings about her Jewish heritage, most of them negative because of the raging anti-Semitism of the time. She said that she married to escape her name. However, the marriage did not last long. The couple was separated when Edwin Parker was sent to fight during World War I . Edwin was seriously injured after only a few months of service. This injury, along with the pains and memories of the war, led Edwin to a life long addiction to alcohol and morphine. The relationship was not a positive one, and it ended in divorce in 1919. But Dorothy would never revert back to her maiden name. She kept the last name of Parker for the rest of her life, even when she married again. When she was asked if there was a Mr. Parker, she casually responded: \"There used to be.\"", "precise_score": 5.485167980194092, "rough_score": 6.7509942054748535, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Also known as Dot or Dottie, Parker was born Dorothy Rothschild to Jacob Henry and Eliza Annie Rothschild (née Marston) at 732 Ocean Avenue in Long Branch, New Jersey, where her parents had a summer beach cottage. Dorothy's mother was of Scottish descent, and her father was of German Jewish descent. Parker wrote in her essay \"My Hometown\" that her parents got her back to their Manhattan apartment shortly after Labor Day so she could be called a true New Yorker. Her mother died in West End in July 1898, when Parker was a month shy of turning five. Her father remarried in 1900 to a woman named Eleanor Francis Lewis. Parker hated her father and stepmother, accusing her father of being physically abusive and refusing to call Eleanor either \"mother\" or \"stepmother\", instead referring to her as \"the housekeeper\". She grew up on the Upper West Side and attended a Roman Catholic elementary school at the Convent of the Blessed Sacrament on West 79th Street with sister Helen, despite having a Jewish father and Protestant stepmother. (Mercedes de Acosta was a classmate.) Parker once joked that she was asked to leave following her characterization of the Immaculate Conception as \"spontaneous combustion\". Her stepmother died in 1903, when Parker was nine. Parker later went to Miss Dana's School, a finishing school in Morristown, New Jersey. She graduated from Miss Dana's School in 1911, at the age of 18. Following her father's death in 1913, she played piano at a dancing school to earn a living while she worked on her verse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6504266858100891, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dorothy Parker" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "It didn’t hurt that she was very pretty, very sexy, and had a somewhat checkered personal life. She had married a good-looking, not very interesting (to others) young WASP businessman named Edwin Parker—she liked to say she did it in order to legitimately shed her maiden name of Rothschild (no, not the Rothschilds). He went into the army in 1917, and she followed him around army bases in the States, but when he came back from overseas, it was over; apart from anything else, he had become seriously addicted to morphine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1217777729034424, "source": "search", "title": "Brilliant, Troubled Dorothy Parker by Robert Gottlieb ..." }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "On August 22, 1893, Dorothy Parker was born to J. Henry and Elizabeth Rothschild, at their summer home in West End, New Jersey. Growing up on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, her childhood was an unhappy one. Both her mother and step-mother died when she was young; her uncle, Martin Rothschild, went down on the Titanic in 1912; and her father died the following year. Young Dorothy attended a Catholic grammar school, then a finishing school in Morristown, NJ. Her formal education abruptly ended when she was 14.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.809038758277893, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker | Academy of American Poets" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "If you’re a certain type of bitter, intellectual female, you like Dorothy Parker. The smart-ass 20's writer is an all ages tonic- consoling you through bad love affairs and high-school unpopularity. Originally born Dorothy Rothschild (not those Rothschilds!), Dottie claimed … Read More", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.088105201721191, "source": "search", "title": "Jewcy.com | Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "If you’re a certain type of bitter, intellectual female, you like Dorothy Parker. The smart-ass 20's writer is an all ages tonic- consoling you through bad love affairs and high-school unpopularity. Originally born Dorothy Rothschild (not those Rothschilds!), Dottie claimed to have married just to acquire a waspy last name. Without ever offing herself, she made suicide stylish way before Kurt Cobain. So, imagine my glee when I discovered there was a whole society devoted to resurrecting Dorothy Parker. The Dorothy Parker Society throws drunken parties throughout the year, including the Gin Bowl and Parkerfest! I met president Kevin Fitzpatrick at the NY Comiccon, where he won my heart on his choice of convention sketch. Instead of topless WonderWoman, he wanted St. Dottie in a suit. The Society is also working on returning Dorothy's ashes from Baltimore to New York City. Who wants the provinces as their eternal resting place? Check out the Dottie Parker Society at www.dorothyparker.com . And, if attending their parties, remember that, even in the 1920’s, Alexander Wolcott got booted for vomiting in the Ming vase.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5542417168617249, "source": "search", "title": "Jewcy.com | Her Maiden Name was Dorothy Rothschild" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Dorothy Rothschild, (Dot or 'Dottie), was the fourth and final child born to Jacob Henry and Annie Eliza (Marston) Rothschild. The family had an apartment in Manhattan and a summer house in the West End district of Long Branch, New Jersey . Dorothy spent her first few weeks of life in the summer home, but claimed that her parents brought her back to the city right after Labor Day , so she could claim to be a true New Yorker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9294610023498535, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "The Rothchild family was not part of the famous Rothschilds' banking dynasty. Her father worked as a garment manufacturer and the small family was happy and content for the next four years, living on the Upper West Side. On July 20, 1898, Annie died suddenly, leaving behind the four children and a single father to care for them. Jacob was remarried two years later to Eleanor Francis Lewis. However, tragedy struck again when Eleanor died just three short years later from a heart-attack. Although Dorothy never particularly warmed to her stepmother in the short three years, it still caused a deep sense of sadness to be motherless once again. The children all suffered from these losses, as well as Jacob, himself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.855820655822754, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker - New World Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Dorothy Rothschild was born on August 22, 1893 into a family of comfortable financial means. Raised by her father and Stepmother after her mother's death, she was given an excellent education for the times. Highly intelligent, she pursued a career after her formal education and proved herself to be one of the early feminists. She started writing poems early and her witty remarks are still alive today. In 1917 she was asked to join the staff at Vanity Fair magazine and to marry Edward Pond Parker II, both of which she agreed to gladly. Eddie Parker soon was stationed overseas and Dorothy became one of the founding members of the Algonquin Hotel \"Round Table\". Eddie arrived back from the war with an unfortunate drinking problem, and Dorothy decided she loved her new life more than she did him. They were separated far more than together and divorced in 1928. She spent a very dramatic period of time in New York City, doing theater reviews, spending time with her Algonquin friends, drinking far too much. She published poems and short stories and in 1929 won the national O. Henry Prize for the short story \"Big Blonde\". This established her as a serious writer. She married Alan Campbell when she was forty and he was twenty-nine. He encouraged her to go Hollywood where they became a very successful screenwriting team. Beginning in 1933 they received screen credits for fifteen films, most notably A Star Is Born (1937) which was nominated for an Academy Award. The time spent in Hollywood were the most lucrative years of her career, yet she spent every dime of it. She divorced and remarried Alan Campbell and in 1963 he died. She spent her last years in New York City, in very poor health due to heavy drinking and making do on very little money. Often, she would have to call on friends like Lillian Hellman to help her financially. Dorothy Parker died in 1967 at seventy-three years old in her New York hotel room, all alone. Time magazine devoted an entire page to her obituary, which was considered an amazing tribute. Her estate was left in full to Martin Luther King and the NAACP.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2637600898742676, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "Dorothy's uncle, Martin Rothschild, and his wife Lizzie, were aboard the Titanic in 1912. Lizzie survived, but Martin Rothschild did not. Martin's death was particularly hard for Dorothy's father, Henry Rothschild, and he died shortly thereafter in 1913.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.587147235870361, "source": "search", "title": "Dorothy Parker - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rothschild", "passage": "On August 22, 1893, Dorothy Parker was born to J. Henry and Elizabeth Rothschild, at their summer home in West End, New Jersey. Growing up on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, her childhood was an unhappy one. Both her mother and step-mother died when she was young; her uncle, Martin Rothschild, went down on the Titanic in 1912; and her father died the following year. Young Dorothy attended a Catholic grammar school, then a finishing school in Morristown, NJ. Her formal education abruptly ended when she was 14.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.809038758277893, "source": "search", "title": "The Passionate Freudian to His Love | Academy of American ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News", "precise_score": 8.365768432617188, "rough_score": 6.176169395446777, "source": "search", "title": "March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "{\"id\":13084580,\"title\":\"3/9/97: Notorious B.I.G. Killed\",\"duration\":\"3:00\",\"description\":\"East Coast rapper Biggie Smalls is gunned down in a drive-by shooting in L.A.\",\"url\":\"/Archives/video/march-1997-notorious-big-killed-13084580\",\"section\":\"Archives\",\"mediaType\":\"default\"}", "precise_score": 6.421267509460449, "rough_score": 6.6352057456970215, "source": "search", "title": "March 9, 1997: Notorious B.I.G. Killed Video - ABC News" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Christopher “Notorious B.I.G.” Wallace (pictured) was gunned down on March 9, 1997, just two months shy of his 25th birthday. With fame and all the perks that came along with his stellar rapping ability, he was destined to achieve so much more. On Wednesday, Biggie Smalls, as he also known, would have been 42 years of age. NewsOne takes a look back at the life and legacy of the heavyweight Brooklyn rap legend.", "precise_score": 9.466431617736816, "rough_score": 8.43212890625, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Legacy of Christopher ‘Notorious B.I.G ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "On the night of March 9th 1997, Christopher Wallace aka The Notorious B.I.G. was gunned down in Los Angeles. To date his murder remains a mystery. His life was not. NOTORIOUS, the film and soundtrack is his story. Through determination and raw talent, Wallace transformed himself from a Brooklyn hustler to become one of the greatest rappers of all time; The Notorious B.I.G. As it was ingrained in his head �Mo� Money begets �Mo� Problems.� At the height of his short career, Wallace found himself (along with his mentor and Executive Producer) Sean �Diddy� Combs, in the middle of an �east coast-west coast� hip hop feud. This feud ultimately triggered a series of events over a six month period that brought down two of the legends of the game: First (Death Row recording artist) Tupac Shakur was shot on the Las Vegas strip (September 13, 1996), and then The Notorious B.I.G. was gunned down in Los Angeles six months later (March 9, 1997).", "precise_score": 9.469948768615723, "rough_score": 9.22907829284668, "source": "search", "title": "E-monthly | Notorious - Inside the Music Business" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. Hip-hop's tale of two cities—New York and Los Angeles—came to a tragic conclusion in the early morning hours of March 9, 1997, when Christopher Wallace aka The Notorious B.I.G. was gunned down while sitting in an SUV shortly after leaving a Soul Train Awards after-party hosted by Vibe magazine at L.A.'s Petersen Automotive Museum. Biggie's murder at age 25 came just six months after his friend turned rival Tupac Shakur was killed in another car-to-car drive-by shooting. In the blink of an eye, hip-hop's two biggest, brightest lights were snuffed out. Biggie's funeral procession on March 19 caused unruly cathartic celebration in the streets of Brooklyn as throngs came out to pay their last respects to the assassinated King of New York. Less than a week later his double album Life After Death was unleashed on a still shell-shocked hip-hop nation.", "precise_score": 8.734127044677734, "rough_score": 7.154289245605469, "source": "search", "title": "March 1997 - The 30 Greatest Months in Rap History | Complex" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "B.I.G. was sitting in the passenger side of his GMC Suburban following a music industry party shortly after midnight on March 9, 1997. He was listening to a tape of his second album, which was to be released in two weeks. A dark-colored car—which police believe had been waiting for the rapper—pulled up beside the Suburban. Several shots from a nine-millimeter handgun were fired into B.I.G.’s upper body; he was shot in the head at least once. Then the car raced away. Notorious B.I.G. was pronounced dead on arrival at Los Angeles’s Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. “The way it went down,” said a police official, “it was a targeted hit.” Police and music industry insiders quickly speculated that B.I.G.’s killing may have resulted from a volatile, vicious rift in the rap music world—conjecture that was not proven.", "precise_score": 7.101502895355225, "rough_score": 3.6019530296325684, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "With the Notorious B.I.G.'s success Bad Boy challenged Los Angeles–based Death Row Records as hip-hop's dominant label, sowing the seeds for an intense East Coast/West Coast rivalry. In November 1994 the Death Row artist—and former friend of the Notorious B.I.G.—Tupac Shakur was shot several times in the lobby of a Manhattan recording studio. Shakur accused the Notorious B.I.G. and Combs of masterminding the attack. Although the two denied this, Shakur held a grudge and in 1996 recorded \"Hit 'Em Up,\" a scathing, personal attack on the Notorious B.I.G., Bad Boy, and the entire East Coast scene. In September 1996 Shakur was murdered in an unsolved drive-by shooting in Las Vegas . Speculation linked the Notorious B.I.G. to Shakur's death. Six months later, on March 9, 1997, the Notorious B.I.G. was gunned down in Los Angeles. The two deaths rocked the hip-hop community, leading to an extensive, long-term soul-searching regarding the violence permeating rap music and the rap industry.", "precise_score": 5.475127696990967, "rough_score": 4.696566104888916, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "More than 15 years after Notorious B.I.G. was killed in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles, one of music's most famous homicides remains unsolved, but police officials have released the slain rapper's autopsy report hoping to generate new leads. The Los Angeles Police Department unsealed the report, which had been on a security hold, on Friday, revealing the graphic details of how the Brooklyn-bred rapper, born Christopher Wallace, died in March 1997. But as The Times' L.A. Now blog reported in its coverage of the autopsy report's release, the LAPD has released no new information about the investigation, and it's still unclear whether the release was prompted by new leads on the unsolved slaying.", "precise_score": 4.728146076202393, "rough_score": 2.5763027667999268, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The investigation of Notorious B.I.G.'s slaying is focusing on the likelihood that the rapper was gunned down over a personal dispute with a Compton gang member, law enforcement sources say. Investigators have found no evidence that the March 9 slaying after a Los Angeles record industry party was linked to either a bicoastal feud in the rap community or Los Angeles street gang rivalries.", "precise_score": 4.626987457275391, "rough_score": 5.345851421356201, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The FBI has released hundreds of pages of records from their investigation into the 1997 slaying of rapper Notorious B.I.G. The records, which contain FBI files spanning eight years, come from a civil rights probe the bureau launched into the killing. The records were posted on the FBI's website and are heavily redacted. The New York rapper, whose real name was Christopher Wallace, was gunned down outside the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997, as he was leaving a music industry party.", "precise_score": 7.474200248718262, "rough_score": 6.6161298751831055, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "A federal judge has dismissed a wrongful-death suit filed eight years ago by the family of rapper Notorious B.I.G. against the city of Los Angeles charging that officials covered up police involvement in the rapper's slaying. The rapper Christopher Wallace, also known as Biggie Smalls, was gunned down outside the Petersen Automotive Museum on March 9, 1997, as he was leaving a music industry party. The criminal investigation surrounding Wallace's slaying remains open. The lawsuit was dismissed April 5 by U.S. District Judge Jacqueline H. Nguyen after lawyers on both sides of the case said they had reached an agreement allowing for the lawsuit to be filed at a later date.", "precise_score": 7.624286651611328, "rough_score": 4.841933250427246, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Another song, \"Dead Wrong,\" was sent to radio last month to preview the sound of \"Born Again,\" the second posthumous album from B.I.G., whose last record, \"Life After Death,\" was released less than a month after the rapper was killed in March 1997 (see [article id=\"1425838\"]\"Notorious B.I.G. Gunned Down In Los Angeles\"[/article]).", "precise_score": 7.668702602386475, "rough_score": 7.342459678649902, "source": "search", "title": "Lil’ Kim, Puff Daddy Guest On New “Notorious” B.I.G ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), better known by his stage names The Notorious B.I.G, Biggie, or Biggie Smalls, was an American rapper. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.332454204559326, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "On March 9, 1997, Wallace was killed by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles. His double-disc album Life After Death, released 16 days later, rose to No. 1 on the U.S. album charts and was certified Diamond in 2000, one of the few hip hop albums to receive this certification. Wallace was noted for his \"loose, easy flow\", dark semi-autobiographical lyrics and storytelling abilities. Two more albums have been released since his death. He has certified sales of 17 million units in the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.49687671661377, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "In March 1992, Wallace was featured in The Source Unsigned Hype column, dedicated to aspiring rappers, and made a recording off the back of this success. The demo tape was heard by Uptown Records A&R and record producer Sean Combs, who arranged for a meeting with Wallace. He was signed to Uptown immediately and made an appearance on label mates, Heavy D & the Boyz' \"A Buncha Niggas\" (from the album Blue Funk). Soon after signing his recording contract, Combs was fired from Uptown and started a new label. Wallace followed and in mid-1992, signed to Combs' new imprint label, Bad Boy Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.191288948059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "On March 23, 1996, Wallace was arrested outside a Manhattan nightclub for chasing and threatening to kill two autograph seekers, smashing the windows of their taxicab and then pulling one of the fans out and punching them. He pleaded guilty to second-degree harassment and was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. In mid-1996, he was arrested at his home in Teaneck, New Jersey, for drug and weapons possession charges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.95871353149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Wallace traveled to Los Angeles in February 1997, to promote his upcoming second studio album and film a music video for its lead single, \"Hypnotize\". The album, Life After Death, was scheduled for release on March 25, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.947519779205322, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "On March 7, he presented an award to Toni Braxton at the 1997 Soul Train Music Awards in Los Angeles and was booed by some of the audience. The following evening, March 8, Wallace attended an after party hosted by Vibe magazine and Qwest Records at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles. Other guests included Faith Evans, Aaliyah, Sean Combs, and members of the Bloods and Crips gangs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.46420955657959, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "On March 9, Wallace left in a GMC Suburban SUV at 12:30 a.m. (PST). By 12:45 a.m. (PST), the streets were crowded with people leaving the event. Wallace's SUV stopped at a red light at the corner of Wilshire Blvd & South Fairfax Ave 50 yards (46 m) from the museum. A dark colored Chevrolet Impala SS pulled up alongside Wallace's SUV. The driver of the Impala, a black male dressed in a blue suit and bow tie, rolled down his window, drew a 9mm blue-steel pistol and fired at the SUV. Four bullets hit Wallace. His entourage rushed him to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where doctors performed an emergency thoracotomy, but he was pronounced dead at 1:15 a.m. (PST), six months after Tupac Shakur was killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.633223533630371, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Biggie's funeral was held on March 18, 1997 at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel in Manhattan. There were among 350 mourners at the funeral, including Queen Latifah, Flava Flav, Mary J. Blige, Lil' Kim, Lil' Cease, Run–D.M.C., DJ Kool Herc, Busta Rhymes, Salt-N-Pepa, DJ Spinderella, Foxy Brown, Sister Souljah and others. After the funeral, his body was cremated and the ashes were given to his family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.332309722900391, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Lateef of Latyrx notes that Wallace had, \"intense and complex flows\", Fredro Starr of Onyx says, \"Biggie was a master of the flow\", and Bishop Lamont states that Wallace mastered \"all the hemispheres of the music\". \"Notorious B.I.G. also often used the single-line rhyme scheme to add variety and interest to his flow\". Big Daddy Kane suggests that Wallace didn't need a large vocabulary to impress listeners – \"he just put his words together a slick way and it worked real good for him\". Wallace was known to compose lyrics in his head, rather than write them down on paper, in a similar way to Jay-Z. Andrea Duncan (March 9, 2006). [http://xxlmag.com/online/?p=408 The Making of Ready to Die: Family Business] XXL. Retrieved March 18, 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.685137748718262, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Notorious B.I.G." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The tape made its way to the hands of Mister Cee, a popular DJ who worked with another Brooklyn legend, rapper Big Daddy Kane.  Mister Cee played the tape for editors at hip-hop magazine The Source who were so wowed that they featured Biggie in its “Unsigned Hype” column in a March 1992 issue and reportedly invited him to record more music. The demo caught the ears of Uptown Records producer and A&R Sean “Diddy” Combs who rushed to sign the hefty MC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.356891632080078, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Legacy of Christopher ‘Notorious B.I.G ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The “Life After Death” album was released posthumously on March 25, 1997. It was a double-disc album, marking the progression of Wallace’s style, and highlighted his amazing ability to adapt to the times. It has gone on to become one of hip-hop’s best-selling albums and was certified Diamond (10 million sold) in 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.821242332458496, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Legacy of Christopher ‘Notorious B.I.G ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 15, 2007 | Geoff Boucher, Times Staff Writer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373425483703613, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Notorious B I G - Page 5 - latimes" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 26, 1997 | CHEO HODARI COKER, TIMES STAFF WRITER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.218012809753418, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Notorious B I G - Page 5 - latimes" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The cover of \"Life After Death,\" the posthumous double album from the Notorious B.I.G., is enough to send chills up the spine of even the most cynical hip-hop critic. The 24-year-old rapper, who was fatally shot March 9 in Los Angeles, is shown leaning on an old-fashioned hearse, not unlike the one that carried his body in a funeral procession through his old Brooklyn neighborhood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.538562536239624, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Notorious B I G - Page 5 - latimes" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 17, 2006 | Richard Winton and Patrick McGreevy, Times Staff Writers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.318769454956055, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Notorious B I G - Page 5 - latimes" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The mother of late rap star Notorious B.I.G. has decided to dismiss from a wrongful-death lawsuit the man she accused of shooting her son, raising new questions about theories surrounding the entertainer's slaying seven years ago. In her suit, Voletta Wallace had named Southland resident Harry Billups, also known as Amir Muhammad, as the triggerman who ambushed her son on March 9, 1997, in the mid-Wilshire district.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1943676471710205, "source": "search", "title": "Featured Articles about Notorious B I G - Page 5 - latimes" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 1997 - The 30 Greatest Months in Rap History | Complex", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.498184680938721, "source": "search", "title": "March 1997 - The 30 Greatest Months in Rap History | Complex" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Born Christopher G. Wallace, in Brooklyn, New York; shot to death March 9, 1997, in Los Angeles , CA; son of Voletta Wallace; married Faith Evans (a singer); children: T’Yanna, Christopher, Jr, Known by the street name Biggie Smalls and the stage name Notorious B.I.G.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.419324517250061, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "B.I.G. was sitting in the passenger side of his GMC Suburban following a music industry party in Los Angeles shortly after midnight on March 9, 1997, listening to a tape of his second album which was to be released in two weeks. A dark-colored car—which police believe had been waiting for the rapper—pulled up beside the Suburban. Several shots from a nine-millimeter handgun were fired into B.I.G.’s upper body before the car raced away. Notorious B.I.G. was pronounced dead when his body arrived at Los Angeles’s Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. “The way it went down,” said a police official, “it was a targeted hit.” Police and music industry insiders quickly speculated that B.I.G.’s murder may have been a retaliation killing for the death of Shakur. But in spite of the very public nature of the murder, committed in front of dozens of witnesses that included several off-duty police officers who were acting as security guards, there were no arrests in the case and the investigation seemed permanently stalled. Family and friends of B.I.G. accused the police of dragging their feet because the death of a young black man does not take high priority. The death of Tupac Shakur has likewise been unsolved. “The deaths of Shakur and (B.I.G.) have forced official America to peer into the world of the leading rappers, who have made millions and surrounded themselves with armed heavies,” wrote a London Times contributor. In 1998, Vibe magazine reported that Orlando Anderson, who was a suspect in Shakur’s murder, was also questioned in B.I.G.’s murder. The car used in B.I.G.’s drive-by shooting had been found and belonged to Anderson’s cousin. Anderson had reportedly also been at the same industry party as B.I.G. Orlando Anderson was murdered in a shooting unrelated to both Shakur’s and B.I.G.’s murders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9231113195419312, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Associated Press, March 10, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.984299182891846, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Facts on File, March 13, 1997, p. 170.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.226747035980225, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "London Times, March 11, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.33024787902832, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Los Angeles Times, March 10, 1997, p. A1; March 11, 1997, p. B1; March 19, 1997, p. B1.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.13253116607666, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Newsweek, March 24, 1997, p. 74.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.919281482696533, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "New York Times, March 10, 1997, p. A8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.421675682067871, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "People, March 24, 1997, p. 69; March 31, 1997, p.108.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.593865871429443, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Born Christopher G. Wallace, in Brooklyn, New York ; shot to death March 9, 1997, in Los Angeles , CA; son of Voletta Wallace; married Faith Evans (a singer); children: T’yanna, Christopher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.503411293029785, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Associated Press, March 10, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.984299182891846, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Facts on File, March 13, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.606680870056152, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "London Times, March 11, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.33024787902832, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Los Angeles Times, March 10, 1997; March 11, 1997; March 19, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9864044189453125, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Newsweek, March 24, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.22513484954834, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "New York Times, March 10, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.321603775024414, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "People, March 24, 1997; March 31, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3577489852905273, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Born: Christopher Wallace; Brooklyn , New York , 21 May 1972; died Los Angeles , California , 9 March 1997", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.773110866546631, "source": "search", "title": "Notorious B.I.G Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 12, 2013 | By Gerrick D. Kennedy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.826824188232422, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 28, 1997 | MATT LAIT, TIMES STAFF WRITER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.91076135635376, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Police on Thursday released a composite sketch of the gunman suspected of killing rap star Notorious B.I.G. in a drive-by shooting and disclosed that they believe he may have conspired with others before carrying out the attack. Los Angeles Police Lt. Ross Moen characterized the March 9 slaying as \"a targeted hit\" by a gunman described as an African American man in his early 20s, wearing a bow tie and driving a dark, late-model sedan at the time of the shooting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.637410640716553, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 18, 1997 | CHUCK PHILIPS and MATT LAIT, TIMES STAFF WRITERS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.833459854125977, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 10, 1997 | ERIC LICHTBLAU and CHUCK PHILIPS and CHEO HODARI COKER, TIMES STAFF WRITERS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.389060974121094, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 20, 2004 | Chuck Philips, Times Staff Writer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366524696350098, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 27, 1997 | CHUCK PHILIPS, TIMES STAFF WRITER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.845993995666504, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "The Inglewood police chief said Wednesday that his department is investigating whether one of its officers was working as a bodyguard for Notorious B.I.G. on the evening he was killed in a drive-by shooting. Inglewood Police Chief Alex Perez said the 24-year-old rapper's record company may have hired at least one off-duty officer on March 9 to work security--in violation of department policy. \"A personnel investigation into the matter is underway,\" Perez said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.897062301635742, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "March 19, 1997 | JOHN J. GOLDMAN, TIMES STAFF WRITER", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.659250259399414, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "March", "passage": "Several law enforcement officers may have witnessed the March 9 slaying of rap star Notorious B.I.G., according to law enforcement sources close to the investigation and associates of the rapper. The revelation comes at a time when the investigation is reportedly stymied by a lack of reliable witnesses. One off-duty Inglewood police officer, working security for the rap star's entourage, was in a car directly behind Notorious B.I.G.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.852388381958008, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Notorious B I G - latimes - Los Angeles Times" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO, from 1956 to 1979, was a leading British art historian who in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, confessed to having been a Soviet spy. He had been a member of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. A closely held secret for many years, his status was revealed publicly by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979, and he was stripped of his knighthood immediately thereafter.", "precise_score": 7.633390426635742, "rough_score": 9.900557518005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907, Bournemouth, Hampshire – 26 March 1983, Westminster, London), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO between 1956 and 1979, was a British spy, art historian, Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London (1947-74), and Surveyor of the King’s Pictures (1945-72).", "precise_score": 5.347740173339844, "rough_score": 8.092028617858887, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt | Bletchley Park" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983) [1] , known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO from 1956 - 1979, when he was stripped of his honours, was a British art historian who was exposed as a Soviet spy late in his life.", "precise_score": 6.235615253448486, "rough_score": 9.300273895263672, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Blunt was Professor of the History of Art at the University of London , director of the Courtauld Institute of Art , Surveyor of the King's Pictures and London. He was exposed as a member of the Cambridge Five , a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s.", "precise_score": 2.4231910705566406, "rough_score": 4.55012321472168, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "British art historian Sir Anthony Blunt, who was exposed in November 1964 as being a Russian spy Photo: CAMERA PRESS", "precise_score": 3.2587060928344727, "rough_score": 6.329720497131348, "source": "search", "title": "Did Queen Elizabeth suspect Cambridge Spy a decade before ..." }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "A brilliant art historian, at the same time Soviet spy, Blunt was born the son of a clergyman in Bournemouth in 1907. Still young, his family moved to Paris, where happy childhood years nurtured a lifelong affection for all things French. Educated at Marlborough College, Blunt then attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read Mathematics and Modern Languages. Elected a Fellow in 1932, he tutored in French language and literature and dedicated himself to the study of French and Italian art. While the university did not acknowledge History of Art as an official subject then (it only introduced Part II of the History of Art Tripos in 1970 and Part I of the History of Art Tripos in 1999), he nonetheless established himself as an acknowledged expert on French art and Poussin, in particular. It was in these years that Blunt joined the Cambridge Apostles, a secret society which was Marxist at the time. Here he met Guy Burgess (1911-1963) and Kim Philby (1912-1988), both of whom he recruited as agents for the NKVD/KGB. Donald Maclean (1913-1983) he recruited later, but by the outbreak of World War II the Cambridge Five, the infamous spy ring, was complete.", "precise_score": 1.3223769664764404, "rough_score": 4.7911272048950195, "source": "search", "title": "The Fitzwilliam Museum : Hidden Histories Home" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Appointed Surveyor of the King’s Pictures in 1945 (a post he held until 1973, serving Queen Elizabeth II from 1952) and director of the Courtauld Institute of Art in 1947 (a post he held until 1974), Blunt was awarded a knighthood in 1956. By this time, he had assisted Burgess and Maclean to defect to Moscow, but had also distanced himself from the KGB. Appointed Professor of the History of Art in London in 1960 and seemingly at the top of his career, one of his recruits, the American Michael Straight (1916-2004), exposed him to M15. Blunt confessed on 23 April 1964, but was granted immunity from prosecution and a promise of secrecy in return for information. As years passed, however, and Blunt continued to lunch with the Queen, some M15 officers set out to expose the traitor. They leaked the story to Andrew Boyle, a British author with an intelligence background, and in 1979 his Climate of Treason sparked the question: could ‘Maurice’ be Sir Anthony Blunt? Finally, asked in Parliament on 16 November 1979, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher named Blunt as the ‘fourth man’ of the Cambridge Five. He was promptly stripped of his knighthood and removed from the Fellowship of Trinity College, Cambridge. He died in disgrace and shunned in London in 1983.", "precise_score": 1.5816924571990967, "rough_score": 5.132040977478027, "source": "search", "title": "The Fitzwilliam Museum : Hidden Histories Home" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907, Bournemouth , Hampshire – 26 March 1983, Westminster , London), [1] , (Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO between 1956 and 1979), was a British spy , art historian , Professor of the History of Art at the University of London , director of the Courtauld Institute of Art , London (1947-74), and Surveyor of the King's Pictures (1945-72).", "precise_score": 4.606707572937012, "rough_score": 8.205046653747559, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Blunt was an acclaimed art historian and the \"Fourth Man\" of the Cambridge Five , a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s.", "precise_score": 2.237450122833252, "rough_score": 4.185580730438232, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Blunt was Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures. His monograph on the French Baroque painter Nicolas Poussin (1967) is still widely regarded as a watershed book in art history. His teaching text and reference work Art and Architecture in France 1500–1700, first published in 1953, reached its fifth edition in a slightly revised version by Richard Beresford in 1999, when it was still considered the best account of the subject. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.438390731811523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "He won a scholarship in mathematics to Trinity College, Cambridge. At that time, scholars in Cambridge University were allowed to skip Part I of the Tripos and complete Part II in two years. However, they could not earn a degree in less than three years, and hence Blunt spent four years at Trinity and switched to Modern Languages, eventually graduating in 1930 with a first class degree. He taught French at Cambridge and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1932. His graduate research was in French art history and he travelled frequently to continental Europe in connection with his studies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.055474281311035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "For weeks after Thatcher’s announcement, Blunt was hunted by the press. Once found, he was besieged by photographers. Blunt had recently given a lecture at the invitation of Francis Haskell, Oxford University's professor of art history. Haskell had a Russian mother and wife and had graduated from King’s College, Cambridge. To the press this made him an obvious suspect. They repeatedly telephoned his home in the early hours of the morning, using the names of his friends and claiming to have an urgent message for \"Anthony\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.032806396484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "\"I do know he was really worried about upsetting his family,\" said Sewell. \"I think he was being absolutely straight with me when he said that if he could not verify the facts there was no point in going on.\" Blunt stopped writing in 1983, leaving his memoirs to his partner, John Gaskin, who kept them for a year and then gave them to Blunt's executor, John Golding, a fellow art historian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.553509712219238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Career as an art historian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469127655029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Throughout the time of his activities in espionage, Blunt's public career was in the History of Art, a field in which he gained prominence. In 1940, most of his fellowship dissertation was published under the title of Artistic Theories in Italy, 1450–1600. In 1945, he was given the esteemed position of Surveyor of the King's Pictures, and later the Queen’s Pictures (after the death of King George VI in 1952), one of the largest private collections in the world. He held the position for 27 years, was knighted as a KCVO in 1956 for his work in the role, and his contribution was vital in the expansion and cataloguing of the Queen’s Gallery, which opened in 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9982149600982666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "In 1947, Blunt became both Professor of the History of Art at the University of London, and the director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, where he had been lecturing since the spring of 1933, and where his tenure in office as director lasted until 1974. This position included the use of a live-in apartment on the premises. During his 27 years at the Courtauld Institute, Blunt was respected as a dedicated teacher, a kind superior to his staff. His legacy at the Courtauld was to have left it with a larger staff, increased funding, and more space, and his role was central in the acquisition of outstanding collections for the Courtauld's Galleries. He is often credited for making the Courtauld what it is today, as well as for pioneering art history in Britain, and for training the next generation of British art historians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6600751876831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Notable students who have been influenced by Blunt include Aaron Scharf, photography historian and author of 'Art and Photography' (whom Blunt assisted, along with Scharf's wife, in escaping McCarthy condemnation for their support of communism), Brian Sewell (an art critic for the Evening Standard), Ron Bloore, Sir Oliver Millar (his successor at the Royal Collection and an expert on Van Dyck), Nicholas Serota, Neil Macgregor, the former editor of the Burlington magazine, former director of the National Gallery and the current director of the British Museum who paid tribute to Blunt as \"a great and generous teacher\", John White (art historian), Sir Alan Bowness (who ran the Tate Gallery), John Golding (who wrote the first major book on Cubism), Reyner Banham (an influential architectural historian), John Shearman (the \"world expert\" on Mannerism and the former Chair of the Art History Department at Harvard University), Melvin Day (former Director of National Art Gallery of New Zealand and Government Art Historian for New Zealand ), Christopher Newall (an expert on the Pre-Raphaelites), Michael Jaffé (an expert on Rubens), Michael Mahoney (former Curator of European Paintings at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., and former Chair of the Art History Department at Trinity College, Hartford), Lee Johnson (an expert on Eugène Delacroix), and Anita Brookner (an art historian and novelist).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6999592781066895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "After Margaret Thatcher had exposed Blunt's espionage, he continued his art historical work by writing and publishing a Guide to Baroque Rome (1982). He intended to write a monograph about the architecture of Pietro da Cortona but he died before realising the project. His manuscripts were sent to the intended co-author of this work, German art historian Jörg Martin Merz by the executors of his will. Merz published a book, Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture in 2008 incorporating a draft by the late Anthony Blunt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.405792236328125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "Many of his publications are still seen today by scholars as integral to the study of art history. His writing is lucid, and is based largely on art and architecture in the context of their place in history. In his book Art and Architecture in France, for example, he begins each section with a brief depiction of the social, political and/or religious contexts in which works of art and art movements are emerging. In Blunt’s Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600, he explains the motivational circumstances involved in the transitions between the High Renaissance and Mannerism.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.171904563903809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "*Anthony Blunt, 'Roman Baroque Architecture: the Other Side of the Medal,' Art history, no. 1, 1980, pp. 61–80 (includes bibliographical references).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.768386363983154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anthony Blunt" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "From the archive, 17 November 1979: Art historian who spied for the Soviet Union | From the Guardian | The Guardian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9462738037109375, "source": "search", "title": "From the archive, 17 November 1979: Art historian who ..." }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "From the archive, 17 November 1979: Art historian who spied for the Soviet Union", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.608945369720459, "source": "search", "title": "From the archive, 17 November 1979: Art historian who ..." }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "He won a scholarship in mathematics to Trinity College, Cambridge . At that time, scholars in Cambridge University were allowed to skip Part I of the Tripos and complete Part II in two years. However, they could not earn a degree in less than three years, [5] and hence Blunt spent four years at Trinity and switched to Modern Languages, eventually graduating in 1930 with a first class degree . He taught French at Cambridge and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1932. His graduate research was in French art history and he traveled frequently to continental Europe in connection with his studies. [3] Like Guy Burgess , Blunt was known to be homosexual, [6] which was a criminal activity at that time in Britain. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione society), a Cambridge clandestine discussion group of 12 undergraduates, mostly from Trinity and King's Colleges who considered themselves to be the brightest minds in the university. Many were homosexual and Marxist at that time. Amongst other members, also later accused of being part of the Cambridge spy ring, were the American Michael Whitney Straight and Victor Rothschild who later worked for MI5 . [7] Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase \"Eliezer and Rebecca\" by Nicholas Poussin . [8] The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500 with tax remission [9] ) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum . [10]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.022465705871582, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "For weeks after Thatcher’s announcement, Blunt was hunted by the press. Once found, he was besieged by photographers. Blunt had recently given a lecture at the invitation of Francis Haskell , Oxford University's professor of art history. Haskell had a Russian mother and wife and had graduated from King’s College, Cambridge . To the press this made him an obvious suspect. They repeatedly telephoned his home in the early hours of the morning, using the names of his friends and claiming to have an urgent message for \"Anthony\". [30]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.048480033874512, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Blunt withdrew from society and seldom went out after his exposure. His friend Tess Rothschild suggested that he occupy his time writing his memoirs. Brian Sewell , his former pupil, said they remained unfinished because he had to consult the newspaper library in Colindale, Edgware North London, to check facts. He was unhappy at being recognised. \"I do know he was really worried about upsetting his family,\" suggests Sewell. \"I think he was being absolutely straight with me when he said that if he could not verify the facts there was no point in going on.\" Blunt stopped writing in 1983 leaving his memoirs to his partner John Gaskin, who kept it for a year and gave it to Blunt's executor John Golding, a fellow art historian. [2]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.666223526000977, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Career as an art historian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469127655029297, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Throughout the time of his activities in espionage, Blunt's public career was in the History of Art, a field in which he gained prominence. In 1940, most of his fellowship dissertation was published under the title of Artistic Theories in Italy, 1450–1600. In 1945, he was given the esteemed position of Surveyor of the King's Pictures, and later the Queen’s Pictures (after the death of King George VI in 1952), one of the largest private collections in the world. He held the position for 27 years, was knighted as a KCVO in 1956 for his work in the role, and his contribution was vital in the expansion and cataloguing of the Queen’s Gallery, which opened in 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9982149600982666, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "In 1947 he became both Professor of the History of Art at the University of London , and the director of the Courtauld Institute of Art , University of London, where he had been lecturing since the spring of 1933, [37] and where his tenure in office as director lasted until 1974. This position included the use of a live-in apartment on the premises. [38] During his 27 years at the Courtauld Institute, Blunt was respected as a dedicated teacher, a kind superior to his staff. His legacy at the Courtauld was to have left it with a larger staff, increased funding, and more space, and his role was central in the acquisition of outstanding collections for the Courtauld's Galleries. He is often credited for making the Courtauld what it is today, as well as for pioneering art history in Britain, and for training the next generation of British art historians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.534084320068359, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Notable students who have been influenced by Blunt include Brian Sewell (an art critic for the Evening Standard ), [41] Ron Bloore , Sir Oliver Millar (his successor at the Royal Collection and an expert on Van Dyck ), Nicholas Serota , Neil Macgregor , the former editor of the Burlington magazine, former director of the National Gallery and the current director of the British Museum , John White (art historian), Sir Alan Bowness (who ran the Tate Gallery ), John Golding (who wrote the first major book on Cubism ), Reyner Banham (an influential architectural historian), John Shearman (the \"world expert\" on Mannerism and the former Chair of the Art History Department at Harvard University ), Melvin Day (former Director of National Art Gallery of New Zealand and Government Art Historian for New Zealand ), Christopher Newall (an expert on the Pre-Raphaelites ), Michael Jaffé (an expert on Rubens ), Michael Mahoney (former Curator of European Paintings at the National Gallery of Art , Washington, D.C., and former Chair of the Art History Department at Trinity College, Hartford), Lee Johnson (an expert on Eugène Delacroix ), and Anita Brookner (an art historian and novelist).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5012078285217285, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "After Margaret Thatcher announced Blunt's espionage, he continued his art historical work by writing and publishing a Guide to Baroque Rome (1982). He intended to write a monograph about the architecture of Pietro da Cortona but he died before realizing the project. His manuscripts were sent to the intended co-author of this work, German art historian Jörg Martin Merz by the executors of his will. Merz published a book, Pietro da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture in 2008 incorporating a draft by the late Anthony Blunt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.317147731781006, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "Many of his publications are still seen today by scholars as integral to the study of art history. His writing is lucid, and is based largely on art and architecture in the context of their place in history. In his book Art and Architecture in France, for example, he begins each section with a brief depiction of the social, political and/or religious contexts in which works of art and art movements are emerging. In Blunt’s Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600, he explains the motivational circumstances involved in the transitions between the High Renaissance and Mannerism .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.171904563903809, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "Anthony Blunt, 'Roman Baroque Architecture: the Other Side of the Medal,' Art history, no. 1, 1980, pp. 61–80 (includes bibliographical references).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.542073726654053, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - Covert History Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "He later read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge , and earned his first degree in that subject, [5] but he switched to Modern Languages, eventually graduating in 1930 with a First Class degree, and became a teacher of French. He became a Fellow of the college in 1932, and was a member of the Cambridge Apostles , a secret society which at that time was largely Marxist, formed from members (students, alumni, and professors) of Cambridge University. Blunt pursued graduate research in art history while a Cambridge don, and traveled frequently to continental Europe in connection with his studies. [3]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.525083541870117, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Career as an art historian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469127655029297, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "History of Art", "passage": "Throughout the time of his activities in espionage , Blunt's public career was in the History of Art, a field in which he gained prominence. In 1940, most of his fellowship dissertation was published under the title of Artistic Theories in Italy, 1450-1600. In 1945, he was given the esteemed position of Surveyor of the King's Pictures, and later the Queen’s Pictures (after the death of King George VI in 1952), one of the largest private collections in the world. He held the position for 27 years, was knighted as a KCVO in 1956 for his work in the role, and his contribution was vital in the expansion and cataloguing of the Queen’s Gallery, which opened in 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.059561252593994, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "In 1947 he became both Professor of the History of Art at the University of London , and the director of the Courtauld Institute of Art , University of London , where he had been lecturing since the spring of 1933, [18] and where his tenure in office as director lasted until 1974. This position included the use of a live-in apartment on the premises. [19] During his 27 years at the Courtauld Institute, Blunt was respected as a dedicated teacher, a kind superior to his staff. His legacy at the Courtauld was to have left it with a larger staff, increased funding, and more space, and his role was central in the acquisition of outstanding collections for the Courtauld's Galleries. He is often credited for making the Courtauld what it is today, as well as for pioneering art history in Britain, and for training the next generation of British art historians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.537898063659668, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "Notable students who have been influenced by Anthony Blunt include Brian Sewell (an art critic for the Evening Standard ), [21] Ron Bloore , Nicholas Serota , Neil Macgregor , the former editor of the Burlington magazine, former director of the National Gallery and the current director of the British Museum , John White (art historian), Sir Alan Bowness (who ran the Tate Gallery ), John Golding (who wrote the first major book on Cubism ), Reyner Banham (an influential architectural historian), John Shearman (the ‘world expert’ on Mannerism and the former Chair of the Art History Department at Harvard University ), Melvin Day (former Director of National Art Gallery of New Zealand and Government Art Historian for New Zealand ), Christopher Newall (an expert on the Pre-Raphaelites ), Michael Jaffé (an expert on Rubens ), Michael Mahoney (former Curator of European Paintings at the National Gallery of Art , Washington, D.C. , and former Chair of the Art History Department at Trinity College, Hartford), Lee Johnson (an expert on Eugène Delacroix ), and Anita Brookner (an art historian and novelist).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.751686096191406, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "After Mrs Thatcher announced Blunt’s espionage, he continued his art historical work by writing and publishing a Guide to Baroque Rome (1982) and completing a manuscript (apparently lost by the publisher after they sent it to a German art historian) on the architecture of Pietro da Cortona .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.675754070281982, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "Many of his publications are still seen today by scholars as integral to the study of art history. His writing is lucid, and is based largely on art and architecture in context of their place in history. In his book Art and Architecture in France, for example, he begins each section with a brief depiction of the social, political and/or religious contexts in which works of art and art movements are emerging. And in Blunt’s Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450-1600, he clearly explains the motivational circumstances involved in the transitions between the High Renaissance and Mannerism . His ground-breaking work and logical method to art history have served as resources for many scholars, including Todd P. Olson and John Beldon Scott.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.300984382629395, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "Anthony Blunt, 'Roman Baroque Architecture: the Other Side of the Medal,' Art history, no. 1, 1980, pp. 61–80 (includes bibliographical references).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.542073726654053, "source": "search", "title": "Anthony Blunt - The Full Wiki" }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "FOR THE RECORD - (Published Sunday, February 15, 2004) Due to a production problem, two sentences on page D4 in the Feb. 8 article by Richard Kepler Brunner, \"In from the cold,\" were obscured. The affected sentences should have read. \"(Michael) Straight gave (Michael) Green a memorandum 'setting forth my views on teh Nazi-Soviet pact.' A decade later, Straight was told by an FBI official that sometime in 1942 Green had been summoned to Moscow.\" Also, \"It was on that day, unknown to (Sir Anthony) Blunt, surveyor of the queen's pictures, renowned art historian, respected scholar and a third cousin to the Queen Mother, that Blunt's reputation and brillant career were about to be forever tarnished.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8777763843536377, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Straight, the last of five Cold War spies ..." }, { "answer": "Art Historian", "passage": "During the 1930′s, in the years preceding World War II, four young Englishmen known as “the Cambridge Spies” were used by the KGB to infiltrate British intelligence. They had been recruited from the university’s Trinity College, chosen for their keen minds and their Marxist sensibilities. Their names: Donald Maclean, Harold Adrian Russell “Kim” Philby, Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess, and Anthony F. Blunt, the man this article is concerned with. All but one of them – Philby – was a homosexual. It was Blunt who was recruited first, and he soon began recruiting other alumni, (although he was not responsible for recruiting the other three Cambridge Spies). He and Burgess had been members of a Marxist secret society called “the Cambridge Apostles.” Blunt has been described as “tall, charming, arrogant, somewhat cold, and a dedicated communist.” Of the four, Blunt’s espionage career lasted the longest. After establishing himself as a French tutor, art historian, and advisor to Queen Elizabeth (for which he was knighted), he joined MI5, Britain’s domestic intelligence service, in 1939. Burgess and Maclean became secretaries to the British Foreign Office, and Philby, who would become the ringleader of the Cambridge Spies, served the Communists as a member of MI6, Britain’s CIA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7397770881652832, "source": "search", "title": "TRACY R. TWYMAN | Anthony Blunt and the Cambridge Spies" }, { "answer": "Art History", "passage": "The reason why we here have an interest in Anthony Blunt is because of his unusual expertise in the field of art history, for he was actually acknowledged as the world’s foremost expert on the works of Nicholas Poussin. This was the famous French artist whose painting The Shepherds of Arcadia is so central to the thesis of this magazine and the whole issue of the Holy Grail. Poussin was one of the names mentioned in the parchments found at the parish in Rennes-le-Chateau, France, which stated:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.973606109619141, "source": "search", "title": "TRACY R. TWYMAN | Anthony Blunt and the Cambridge Spies" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "Winnie Mandela", "Nomzano Zaniewe", "Winnie Nomzamo Mandela", "Nomzamo Winnie Mandela", "Mandela, Winnie", "Winnie Madikizela Mandela", "Winnie Madikizela", "Winnifred Mandela" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "winnie mandela", "nomzamo winifred zanyiwe madikizela", "nomzamo winnie mandela", "winnifred mandela", "winnie madikizela mandela", "mandela winnie", "winnie nomzamo mandela", "nomzano zaniewe", "winnie madikizela" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "winnie mandela", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Winnie Mandela" }

[ { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "James Seipei (1974–1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the Mandela United football club. Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. ", "precise_score": 5.61514949798584, "rough_score": 5.726387023925781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "James Seipei (1974–1988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, was a teenage African National Congress (ANC) activist from Parys in South Africa. He was kidnapped and murdered on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the Mandela United football club.", "precise_score": 5.751776695251465, "rough_score": 5.946667194366455, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "passage": "Further tarnishing her reputation were accusations by her bodyguard, Jerry Musivuzi Richardson, that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ordered kidnapping and murder. On 29 December 1988, Richardson, coach of the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) -- which acted as Mrs. Mandela's personal security detail -- abducted 14-year-old James Seipei (also known as Stompie Moeketsi ) and three other youths from the home of Methodist minister Rev. Paul Verryn. Mrs. Mandela claimed that she had the youth taken to her home because she suspected the reverend was sexually abusing them. The four were beaten in order to get them to admit to sex with the reverend and Seipei was also accused of being an informer. Seipei's body was found in a field with stab wounds to the throat on 6 January 1989. This incident became a cause célèbre for the apartheid government. In 1991, she was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory to assault in connection with the death of Seipei. Her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal. ", "precise_score": 5.888540267944336, "rough_score": 5.878206729888916, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Stompie Seipei was a child activist and member of the infamous Mandela Football Club established by Winnie Mandela as a front for the political mobilisation of township youths to stand against apartheid. Jerry Richardson abducted Seipei and three other boys near the Methodist Church (Manse), Soweto and took him to Winnie Mandela’s home. Richardson alleged that Winnie Mandela initiated the torture of Seipei, who was sjamboked and bounced on the floor by Richardson.", "precise_score": 5.695755958557129, "rough_score": 4.523624420166016, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Seipei was allegedly tortured and killed for sexual misconduct with a Methodist reverend Paul Verryn who was accused by some of the boys for having homosexual practices with young boys. Winnie Mandela also accused Seipei for being a police informer, a charge that carried a death penalty in terms of township mob justice.", "precise_score": 3.3855979442596436, "rough_score": 2.7331953048706055, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Mandela denied any involvement in the death of Stompie Seipei and accused Richardson for lying. However, the judge implicated Winnie Mandela in Stompie Seipei’s death by ruling that she was present when Stompie Seipei was tortured. The death of Seipei continued to haunt Winnie Mandela until some closure was reached when Winnie Mandela accepted, before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, some responsibility for the death of Seipei. Winnie Mandela had already apologised to Seipei’s mother for the loss of her son, but maintained her innocence.", "precise_score": 3.4386796951293945, "rough_score": 4.974455833435059, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Today, Stompie Moeketsi, whose real name was James Seipei, was buried in a field near his home in Thumahole, a ramshackle black township in the farmland of Orange Free State. He had become the anti-apartheid movement's newest martyr and one of its most unusual, because his death has been blamed not on the police but on bodyguards of Winnie Mandela, two of whom have been charged with his murder. 'He Found Little Enough Peace'", "precise_score": 3.268540382385254, "rough_score": 4.090443134307861, "source": "search", "title": "SOUTH AFRICANS BURY SLAIN YOUTH - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "passage": "JOHANNESBURG, South Africa -- The confessed killer of Stompie Seipei, the teen-age member of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's \"football club\" who was beaten and murdered after being accused of being a police informer, was a police spy himself, South Africa's police chief told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission yesterday.", "precise_score": 4.217370986938477, "rough_score": 5.809202671051025, "source": "search", "title": "S. African teen was killed by police spy Testimony in case ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Mandela will not testify in the Rand Supreme Court where Jerry Richardson, the Mandela football team coach, is charged with the murder of teenage activist Stompie Seipei. Mandela had been mentioned on numerous occasions in the evidence. Richardson also faces four charges of abduction, five counts of assault and a charge of attempted murder. He has pleaded not guilty to all charges. LCJ van Vuuren, for the state, told the Weekly Mail: “Mrs Mandela is not on the state’s list of witnesses. And she will not be called by the state.” ", "precise_score": 3.074798107147217, "rough_score": 4.743540287017822, "source": "search", "title": "Winnie won't be called for Stompie trial | News | National ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Moeketsi, together with Kenny Kgase, Pelo Mekgwe and Thabiso Mono, were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 from the Methodist manse in Orlando, Soweto. Moeketsi was accused of being a police informer and after the 4 boys were kidnapped they were pleading and saying that Stompie isn't a police informer. Jerry Richardson, one of the members of Winnie Mandela's Football Club, was carrying a samurai-like sword before he closed the door and screams were heard as Stompie Moeketsi was murdered at the age of 14. His body was found on waste ground near Winnie Mandela's house on 6 January 1989, and recovered by the police. His throat had been cut. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. He claimed that she had ordered him, with others, to abduct the four youths from Soweto, of whom Moeketsi was the youngest. The four were severely beaten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6883811354637146, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Involvement of Winnie Mandela", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480491638183594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "In 1991, Winnie Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory to assault, but her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine and a two-year suspended sentence on appeal. In 1992 she was accused of ordering the murder of Dr. Abu-Baker Asvat, a family friend who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted but before he had been killed. Mandela's role was later probed as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, in 1997. She was said to have paid the equivalent of $8,000 and supplied the firearm used in the killing, which took place on 27 January 1989. The hearings were later adjourned amid claims that witnesses were being intimidated on Winnie Mandela's orders. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0456358194351196, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "This incident became a cause célèbre for the apartheid government and opponents of the ANC, and Winnie Mandela's iconic status was dealt a heavy blow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.976017951965332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Appearing before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1997, she said allegations that she was involved in at least 18 human rights abuses including eight murders were \"ridiculous\" and claimed that her main accuser, former comrade Katiza Cebekhulu, was a former \"mental patient\" and his allegations against her were \"hallucinations\". The Commission found that the abduction had been carried out on Winnie Mandela's instructions, and that she had \"initiated and participated in the assaults\". However, with regard to the actual murder the Commission found Mandela only \"negligent\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.856215000152588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Stompie Moeketsi" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Moeketsi was kidnapped on 29 December 1988 after a school rally, accused of being a police informer and murdered at the age of 14. His body was found in Soweto with his throat slit. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.262744903564453, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Involvement of Winnie Mandela", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480491638183594, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Madikizelza; 26 September 1936) is a South AfricanAfrican National Congress Women's League. She is currently a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Although still married to Nelson Mandela at the time of his becoming president of South Africa in May 1994, she was never the first lady of South Africa, as the couple had separated two years earlier after it was revealed that Winnie had been unfaithful during Nelson's incarceration. Their divorce was finalized on 19 March 1996, with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Winnie Mandela's attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5 million, half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth, was dismissed when she failed to appear at court for a financial settlement hearing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.030516624450684, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21036434173584, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela Mandela", "passage": "The final report of the South African Truth and Reconciliation commission, issued in 1998, found \"Ms Winnie Madikizela Mandela politically and morally accountable for the gross violations of human rights committed by the MUFC.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225632667541504, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "In June 2007, the Canadian High Commission in South Africa declined to grant Winnie Mandela a visa to travel to Toronto, Canada, where she was scheduled to attend a gala fundraising concert organised by arts organization MusicaNoir, which included the world premiere of The Passion of Winnie, an opera based on her life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47397518157959, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": " In 1991, Winnie Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory to assault but her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine and a two-year suspended sentence on appeal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.3377103805542, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "On 14 March 2010 a statement was issued on behalf of Winnie Mandela claiming that the interview was a \"fabrication\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47641658782959, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "My husband had been reluctant to come here but then he had followed his instinct and it had brought us to the Soweto door of the mystifying Winnie Mandela, a much celebrated and reviled woman of our times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348020553588867, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Can Winnie Mandela's Heroism Outshine her Crimes? by BBC News , January 25, 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449200630187988, "source": "search", "title": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "One article states that the \"Mandela United soccer team\" was formed by Winnie Mandela in 1986 and its members acted as her bodyguards (The Globe and Mail 16 Feb. 1989). Another article indicates that the club exerted a \"reign of terror\" over Soweto since 1986, when Winnie Mandela returned to that township after eight years of exile in the Orange Free State (The Daily Telegraph 14 May 1991).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190262794494629, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "The club reportedly wore orange and green track suits, accompanied Mandela as personal bodyguards and set up a \"kangaroo court\" at the back of her home \"where judgement was pronounced and punishment meted out to opponents and anyone they regarded as traitors\" (Ibid.). The article adds that the club members did not play soccer but were involved, between 1987 and 1989, in more than twelve murders, several abductions and at least two rapes (Ibid.). The club reportedly kept a \"black book\" of prospective victims to be taken before their court, where punishment \"invariably involved beatings,\" and has been held responsible for \"throwing grenades into a shebeen, shootings, blowing up houses and, after one kidnap, carving `Viva ANC' into the flesh of two teenagers and pouring battery acid on their wounds\" (Ibid.). The source adds that Winnie Mandela claimed ignorance about the club's \"nefarious activities\" although it operated from her home and several people reportedly testified that she was a party to the violence and presided over the \"kangaroo courts\" (Ibid.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.512049674987793, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Another news article describes the Football Club as \"a group of tough youths who live with Mrs. Mandela, and act as her private security force\" (Ibid. 30 Jan. 1989). The report adds that the team was accused of \"exploiting their links with the Mandela name to terrorise local people, and are alleged to have abducted and abused teenage girls\" (Ibid.). According to the source, Soweto activists formed a \"Mandela Crisis Committee\" that urged Winnie Mandela to disband the team. Four youths who were staying at a Soweto Methodist church were reportedly abducted by the team in what some activists stated was a \"retaliation for the Methodist minister's involvement with the Mandela Crisis Committee\" (Ibid.). One of the youths reportedly suffered serious throat injuries caused by a pair of garden shears while another went missing (Ibid.). The missing youth, \"Stompie\" Seipei, was later found dead (see below and Response to Information Request 10811 of 15 May 1992 and its attachments).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.043381690979004, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "An oral source consulted by the IRBDC described the Mandela United Football Club as not being a sports club, but rather a group of black youths gathered around Winnie Mandela and organizaed by Jerry Richardson (Private Consultant 6 May 1992). The source added that this group invariably posed as Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, adding that the black community in South Africa has accused it of employing intimidation tactics and being involved in \"questionable dealings\" (Ibid.).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819535255432129, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "The Associated Press (AP). 8 August 1990, AM Cycle. \"Winnie Mandela's Bodyguard Sentenced to Death.\" (NEXIS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.107072830200195, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "The Christian Science Monitor. 9 October 1990. John Battersby. \"Winnie Mandela Stages Comeback Despite Court Challenges Ahead.\" (NEXIS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510974884033203, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "The Christian Science Monitor. 9 October 1990. John Battersby. \"Winnie Mandela Stages Comeback Despite Court Challenges Ahead.\" (NEXIS)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510974884033203, "source": "search", "title": "Refworld | South Africa: Information on the Mandela United ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "passage": "Former Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda on Friday said he had assumed that a request to imprison a key witness in Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's kidnapping trial had been made by then ANC president Oliver Tambo on behalf of President Nelson Mandela.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12956428527832, "source": "search", "title": "KAUNDA CLARIFIES STATEMENT ON CEBEKHULU ABDUCTION" }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's most famous speech, in which she said anti-apartheid activists would use the gruesome \"necklace\" method of killing to liberate South Africa, was in effect a call to kill police collaborators in black townships, one of her former colleagues said Friday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.41520881652832, "source": "search", "title": "WINNIE'S FAMOUS SPEECH \"A CALL FOR ... - justice.gov.za" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Mandela Boyfriend | Winnie Mandela made me kill, says murderer Multiple killer blames violent career on her - tribunedigital-baltimoresun", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18552017211914, "source": "search", "title": "Winnie Mandela made me kill, says murderer Multiple killer ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Winnie Mandela made me kill, says murderer Multiple killer blames violent career on her", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991106033325195, "source": "search", "title": "Winnie Mandela made me kill, says murderer Multiple killer ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela", "passage": "JOHANNESBURG, South Africa -- Jerry Richardson, coach of the notorious Mandela United Football Club, told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission yesterday that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ordered all the murders and assaults he committed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.964509010314941, "source": "search", "title": "Winnie Mandela made me kill, says murderer Multiple killer ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "The other is that the Government appears ready to encourage the dissension by allowing an unusual amount of publicity about Stompie's abduction and death. Justice Minister Kobie H. Coetsee even waived the rules to let Tom Sebena, a spokesman for the outlawed African National Congress, be interviewed by state-run television for a documentary about the Winnie Mandela affair that was broadcast Thursday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.627018690109253, "source": "search", "title": "SOUTH AFRICANS BURY SLAIN YOUTH - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "Stompie refused and was battered bloody and into unconsciousness. No Mention of Winnie Mandela", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.116204738616943, "source": "search", "title": "SOUTH AFRICANS BURY SLAIN YOUTH - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "S. African teen was killed by police spy Testimony in case of Winnie Mandela reveals official link - tribunedigital-baltimoresun", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.916475296020508, "source": "search", "title": "S. African teen was killed by police spy Testimony in case ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "S. African teen was killed by police spy Testimony in case of Winnie Mandela reveals official link", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.92253303527832, "source": "search", "title": "S. African teen was killed by police spy Testimony in case ..." }, { "answer": "Winnie Mandela", "passage": "According to the boys Winnie Mandela’s lawyer, Krish Naidoo, also visited the house and Richardson instructed them to tell Naidoo that they were at Mandela’s house because of sexual misconduct in Verryn’s home. Later that day Mandela did order Richardson and Xoliswa to take the boys to Ayob’s place, Mono said. But Richardson wanted to remain with the boys at Ayob’s place. Ayob said they should return with the boys if they were not prepared to leave them there. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14395523071289, "source": "search", "title": "Winnie won't be called for Stompie trial | News | National ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Brigadier General", "passage": "In 1954, Lindbergh was honored with the rank of brigadier general. The same year, he won the Pulitzer Prize for his memoir The Spirit of St. Louis.", "precise_score": 4.963879108428955, "rough_score": 3.0811619758605957, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Lindbergh - World Famous Aviator" }, { "answer": "Brigadier General", "passage": "After World War II, Lindbergh lived in Darien, Connecticut and served as a consultant to the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force and to Pan American World Airways. With most of Eastern Europe having fallen under Communist control, Lindbergh believed most of his prewar assessments were correct all along. But Berg reports after witnessing the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust firsthand shortly after his service in the Pacific, \"he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions.\" In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower restored Lindbergh's assignment with the U.S. Air Force and made him a Brigadier General. In that year, he served on the Congressional advisory panel set up to establish the site of the United States Air Force Academy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.367893934249878, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Lindbergh" }, { "answer": "Brigadier General", "passage": "After World War II, Lindbergh lived in Darien, Connecticut and served as a consultant to the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force and to Pan American World Airways. With most of Eastern Europe having fallen under Communist control, Lindbergh believed most of his pre-war assessments were correct all along. But Berg reports after witnessing the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust firsthand shortly after his service in the Pacific, \"he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions.\" In 1954 President Dwight D. Eisenhower restored Lindbergh's assignment with the U.S. Air Force and made him a Brigadier General . In that year, he served on the Congressional advisory panel set up to establish the site of the United States Air Force Academy .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4687840938568115, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Lindbergh - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Brigadier General", "passage": "1954: Named a brigadier general in the United States Air Force Reserves for his long-term service to the U.S. government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23404312133789, "source": "search", "title": "Charles A. Lindbergh - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Brigadier General", "passage": "During World War II, Lindbergh rose to the rank of Brigadier General in the U.S. Army Air Corps and in 1948, when the AAC separated from the army to become the US Air Force, he went along and kept that same rank. During WWII Lindbergh specifically requested Pacific Theather assignments only, since he had been a strong and vocal supporter and admirer of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in the 1930s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0154645442962646, "source": "search", "title": "Charles A. Lindbergh - Biography - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "; First solo crossing of the Atlantic by a woman: On 20 May 1932, Amelia Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, intending to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5b to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight. After encountering storms and a burnt exhaust pipe, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland, ending a flight lasting 14h 56m.", "precise_score": 3.5750415325164795, "rough_score": -3.9916300773620605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transatlantic flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart poses in front of the plane in which she completed her solo flight across the Atlantic, May 21, 1932, Derry, Ireland.", "precise_score": 2.6297948360443115, "rough_score": -4.678232192993164, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Studio headshot portrait of American aviator Amelia Earhart, the first woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, wearing a leather jacket. (circa 1932).  (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "precise_score": 7.14338493347168, "rough_score": 6.371551036834717, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "As a pilot, Amelia Earhart set many world flying records. She became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Earhart also set several height and speed records in an airplane.", "precise_score": 4.773640155792236, "rough_score": -3.246452808380127, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "In 1927, aviator Charles Lindbergh made history by becoming the first person to fly non-stop across the Atlantic, from the U.S. to England. A year later, Amelia Earhart was asked to make a non-stop flight across the same ocean. She had been discovered by publisher George Putnam, who had been asked to look for a suitable female pilot to complete this feat. Since this was not to be a solo flight, Earhart joined a crew of two other aviators, both men.", "precise_score": 5.575474739074707, "rough_score": -1.8968379497528076, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Eighty-five years ago today, aviator Charles Lindbergh landed his single-engine monoplane Spirit of St. Louis in Paris, France, completing the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic. Five years later Amelia Earhart set out to recreate his historic journey, becoming the second person and first woman to accomplish the feat. She succeeded, but not by following in Lindbergh’s exact contrails.", "precise_score": 7.888212203979492, "rough_score": 4.80171012878418, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart is probably the most famous female pilot in aviation history, an accolade due both to her aviation career and to her mysterious disappearance. On May 20–21, 1932, Earhart became the first woman — and the second person after Charles Lindbergh — to fly nonstop and solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Flying a red Lockheed Vega 5B, she left Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, Canada, and landed about 15 hours later near Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The feat made Earhart an instant worldwide sensation and proved she was a courageous and able pilot. Then, on August 24–25, she made the first solo, nonstop flight by a woman across the United States, from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey, establishing a women's record of 19 hours and 5 minutes and setting a women's distance record of 3,938 kilometers (2,447 miles).", "precise_score": 6.035208702087402, "rough_score": 3.890347719192505, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "On January 11–12, 1935, Amelia Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland, this time in a Lockheed 5C Vega. Although some called it a publicity stunt for Earhart and Hawaiian sugar plantation promoters, it was a dangerous3,875-kilometer (2,408-mile) flight that had already claimed several lives. Of that flight she remarked: \"I wanted the flight just to contribute. I could only hope one more passage across that part of the Pacific would mark a little more clearly the pathway over which an air service of the future will inevitably fly.\" Later that year, Earhart made record flights from Los Angeles to Mexico City and from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey. She also placed fifth in the 1935 Bendix Race. Earhart was a two-time Harmon Trophy winner and was also the recipient of the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross.", "precise_score": 3.686086654663086, "rough_score": -3.510012626647949, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "; First crossing of the Atlantic by a woman: On 17–18 June 1928, Amelia Earhart was a passenger on an aircraft piloted by Wilmer Stultz. Since most of the flight was on instruments for which Earhart had no training, she did not pilot the aircraft. Interviewed after landing, she said, \"Stultz did all the flying — had to. I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes. Maybe someday I'll try it alone.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.882231712341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Transatlantic flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.651861190795898, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Trans-Atlantic Flight", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.651861190795898, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "On May 20, 1932, Amelia Earhart took off from Newfoundland; she landed in Ireland nearly 15 hours later, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.209902763366699, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Aviation phenomenon Amelia Earhart first made headlines in 1928 when she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic as a passenger on a trans-Atlantic airplane flight. Though she received international fame, Earhart did not think she deserved it ; “I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes,” she remarked.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.263530731201172, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "The New York Times: The Lady Vanishes: Amelia Earhart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408683776855469, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart , born in 1897 in Kansas, worked as a nurse’s aide and a social worker before learning to fly and buying her own plane in 1921. She set the women’s altitude record in 1923, and in 1928 was offered the opportunity by publicist George Putnam—her future husband—to be the first woman to take part in a trans-Atlantic flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.396360397338867, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Despite her tragic end, Earhart continues to inspire people today with her legacy of daring and love of flight. “ Amelia Earhart symbolizes modern woman’s invasion of the male world of daring action and adventure,” wrote author Camille Paglia. “As an aviator, she broke barriers and made the machine age her own. … Dashing in man-tailored shirts, jackets and slacks, Earhart became an icon of the rapidly evolving new woman who sought self-definition and fulfillment outside the home.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.501211166381836, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Amelia Earhart Embarks on Solo Atlantic Flight" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419363021850586, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419363021850586, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419363021850586, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Who Was Amelia Earhart?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352263450622559, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Despite all these records, Amelia Earhart is perhaps best remembered for her mysterious disappearance, which has become one of the enduring mysteries of the 20th century. While attempting to become the first woman to fly around the world, she disappeared on July 2, 1937 while heading toward Howland's Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977798461914062, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Mary Earhart", "passage": "Also Known As: Amelia Mary Earhart, Lady Lindy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421351432800293, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Childhood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467758178710938, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Mary Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Mary Earhart was born in her maternal grandparents’ home in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897 to Amy and Edwin Earhart. Although Edwin was a lawyer, he never earned the approval of Amy’s parents, Judge Alfred Otis and his wife, Amelia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302167892456055, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart spent much of her early childhood living with her Otis grandparents in Atchison during the school months and then spending her summers with her parents. Earhart’s early life was filled with outdoor adventures combined with the etiquette lessons expected of upper-middle-class girls of her day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395660400390625, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Due to her family’s frequent moves, Amelia Earhart switched high schools six times, making it hard for her to make or keep friends during her teen years. She did well in her classes, but preferred sports. She graduated from Chicago’s Hyde Park High School in 1916 and is listed in the school’s yearbook as “the girl in brown who walks alone.” Later in life, however, she was known for her friendly and outgoing nature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297828674316406, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Before long, Amelia Earhart was looking for new records to break in her own airplane. A few months after publishing 20 Hours 40 Minutes, she flew solo across the United States and back -- the first time a female pilot had made the journey alone. In 1929, she founded and participated in the Woman’s Air Derby, an airplane race from Santa Monica, California to Cleveland, Ohio with a substantial cash prize. Flying a more powerful Lockheed Vega, Earhart finished third, behind noted pilots Louise Thaden and Gladys O’Donnell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.893594264984131, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Having won multiple competitions, flown in air shows, and set new altitude records, Amelia Earhart began looking for a bigger challenge. In 1932, she decided to become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. On May 20, 1932, she took off again from Newfoundland, piloting a small Lockheed Vega.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.615079402923584, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Last Flight", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.045100212097168, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Not long after making her Pacific flight in 1935, Amelia Earhart decided she wanted to try flying around the entire world. A U.S. Army Air Force crew had made the trip in 1924 and male aviator Wiley Post flew around the world by himself in 1931 and 1933.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.409231185913086, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "On May 21, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Frank Noonan took off from Oakland, California, on the first leg of their trip. The plane landed first in Puerto Rico and then in several other locations in the Caribbean before heading to Senegal. They crossed Africa, stopping several times for fuel and supplies, then went on to Eritrea, India, Burma, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. There, Earhart and Noonan prepared for the toughest stretch of the trip -- the landing at Howland’s Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.958372116088867, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart Famous Female Aviator - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History in the Headlines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400931358337402, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447968482971191, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447968482971191, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447968482971191, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "When the scarlet Lockheed Vega touched down, scattering a herd of cows, farmhand Dan McCallion crossed himself. He puzzled at the grease-smeared face and tousled hair of the pilot who emerged from the cockpit, unsure whether a man or woman had landed in his boss’ Londonderry meadow. “Have you flown far?” he finally asked. “From America,” answered Amelia Earhart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.761602401733398, "source": "search", "title": "Amelia Earhart’s Historic Landing, 80 Years Ago - History ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.419363021850586, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Born in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897, Amelia Earhart displayed an independent style from childhood, including keeping a scrapbook on accomplished women, taking an auto repair course, and attending college (but never graduating). She attended her first flying exhibition in 1918 while serving as a Red Cross nurse's aide in Toronto, Canada. She took her first flight in California in December 1920, with veteran flyer Frank Hawks, and declared, \"As soon as I left the ground, I knew I myself had to fly.\" Her first instructor was Anita \"Neta\" Snook who gave her lessons in a Curtiss Jenny. To pay for flight lessons, Earhart worked as a telephone company clerk and photographer. Earhart soloed in 1921, bought her first airplane, a Kinner Airster, in 1922 and wasted no time in setting a women's altitude record of 4,267 meters (14,000 feet). In 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to receive an official Fédération Aéronautique Internationale pilot license.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.947606086730957, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National ..." }, { "answer": "Amelia Earhart", "passage": "Amelia Earhart Record Setter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433900833129883, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Aviation and Space History - Smithsonian National ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "George S. Patton Jr", "Patton", "George S. Patton", "George Smith Patton, Jr", "George Smith Patton Jr", "George Patton", "George S. Patton III", "General patton", "General S. Patton", "George Smith Patton, Jr.", "Old Blood and Guts", "General George Patton", "General George S. Patton", "George S Patton", "General Patton", "George S.Patton", "General George S Patton", "Patton, George S.", "General S Patton", "Paul G. Bennet", "General George Smith Patton Jr", "George S. Patton Jr.", "George S. Patton, Jr." ], "normalized_aliases": [ "general s patton", "general george patton", "george s patton jr", "patton", "general george s patton", "george patton", "patton george s", "old blood and guts", "george smith patton jr", "george s patton iii", "general patton", "paul g bennet", "george s patton", "general george smith patton jr" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "george patton", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "George Patton" }

[ { "answer": "George S. Patton Jr", "passage": "The 1st Armored Division was activated at Fort Knox on July 15, 1940. Its first commander was Major General Bruce R. Magruder from July 1940 to March 1942. In 1941 General George S. Patton Jr. had just named his 2nd Armored Division \"Hell on Wheels\" and everyone thought that the 1st Armored Division needed a name too. Major General Bruce Magruder announced a contest to find a suitable name for his Division. Approximately 200 names were submitted including \"Fire and Brimstone\" and \"Kentucky Wonders.\" The General took them home to study over the weekend but failed to find any that appealed to him. While mulling the matter over, he happened to glance at a painting of the U.S.S. Constitution that he had bought during a drive for funds for the preservation of that famous fighting ship. From the painting of the U.S.S. Constitution USS Constitution he noted its nickname, \"Old Ironsides\". Impressed with the parallel between the early development of the tank and the Navy's \"Old Ironsides\" spirit of daring and durability he decided the 1st Armored Division should also be named \"Old Ironsides.\" Thus a famous warship of the US Navy and the famous 1st Armored Division of the US Army are historically and appropriately welded by name \"Old Ironsides.\" That ended the search for a name. The 1st Armored Division became \"Old Ironsides\" that same day and forty months of fighting later testified that its name was well chosen. This was a fighting Division.", "precise_score": 7.030351638793945, "rough_score": 6.538239002227783, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Army - Team Bliss" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "In June 1945 the 1st Armored Division was transferred to Germany to serve as part of the Allied occupation forces. Old Ironsides returned to the United States in April 1946 and was inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. Several of the Division's Units, however, remained in Germany as part of the U.S. Constabulary. The success of the Russian made T-34 Tank at the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 brought renewed enthusiasm for armor. As part of the Korean War build up of American forces, the 1st Armored Division was reactivated at Fort Hood, Texas on March 7, 1951. Continuing its tradition of \"firsts\", Old Ironsides became one of the first divisions in the Army to integrate black soldiers throughout the ranks. It was also the only combat-ready armored division in the continental United States and the first to receive the M48 Patton Tank. Training for nuclear war became a major theme in the mid-1950s. Accordingly, the 1st Armored Division participated in tests of the \"Atomic Field Army\" at Fort Hood and in Operation Sagebrush, the largest joint maneuver conducted since World War II. Upon completion of the exercise in February 1956, the 1st Armored Division moved to its new home at Fort Polk, Louisiana.", "precise_score": -1.409211277961731, "rough_score": 3.532334566116333, "source": "search", "title": "The United States Army - Team Bliss" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Col. White was an instructor in the Cavalry School, Ft. Riley, Kansas in 1937, attended the Command and General Staff School at Ft Leavenworth, Kansas, in July, 1940, was ordered to Ft Benning, Georgia, to organize and command the 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion of the 2nd Armored Division. January 1941 he was under Gen. Patton at Ft Benning and was instructed to train his 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion in the art of successful scouting and patrolling and to be able to do this in advance of a large armored column. In June 1942, Col. White was assigned as Regimental Commander of the 67th Armored Regiment. It was with elements of this group that he invaded Africa, at Safi, French Morocco, on 8 November 1942. After the landings in Africa he was given command of the divisions Combat Command \"B\" and directed that unit, landing at Gela, Sicily on 10 July 1943 and continued the campaign through out the Sicily. The success of this campaign was due in part to his \"development of new training techniques and methods of amphibious operations involving armored units\" and for having trained his Regiment \"to a high state of combat efficiency\". It also showed that his successes in repulsing the strong enemy attack which threatened a beachhead in the Sicilian campaign and his flanking attack which aided in the capture of Palermo. General Harmon had General White headed two tasks forces under the Combat Command \"B\" during the Ardennes Offensive. He would become Commanding General of the 2nd Armored Division from 19 January 1945 to 8 June 1945. He was commandant of the Cavalry School at Ft. Riley, Kansas from July 1945 to Dec. 1946. Dec.  1946 through May 1948 commanding general U.S. Constabulary in Germany. May 1948 through Nov. 1950 Commandant of the Armored School and commanding general of the Armored Center, Aug. 1951 through Aug. l1952. He subsequently commanded X Corps in Korea in Aug. 1952 through Sept.1953, Fourth Army, Ft. Sam Houston, Sept. 1953 through June 1955 Army Forces, Far East; and Eighth Army , Korea ( July 1955-June 1957 ) and from July 1957 until retirement in 1961 , General White was Commander in Chief , U.S. Army Pacific. More later on this outstanding officer.", "precise_score": 3.7730658054351807, "rough_score": 3.462567090988159, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "GEN. OMAR N. BRADLEY in 1940 became an assistant secretary of the General Staff in the War Department. In February 1941 he was given command of the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Ga. From this post he went to the 82d Division early in 1942. In June of that year he assumed command of the 28th Division. General Marshall sent him to North Africa in February 1943 to act as an observer for General Eisenhower. A few weeks later Bradley became deputy commander of II Corps under General Patton, and in April, when Patton was given the task of planning the Sicilian campaign, he took command of II Corps. In the new command, General Bradley fought in Tunisia and Sicily. He was selected in September 1943 to head the First U.S. Army in the invasion of northwest Europe as well as a U.S. army group headquarters. General Bradley led the First Army in the Normandy campaign until 1 August 1944 when he became commander of the 12th Army Group.", "precise_score": 5.616430759429932, "rough_score": 7.485995292663574, "source": "search", "title": "HyperWar: The Supreme Command (ETO) [Biographical Sketches]" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "MAJ. GEN. ALBERT W. KENNER was chief surgeon of the Armored Service at Fort Knox, Ky., at the beginning of the war. He was taken by General Patton to North Mrica as chief surgeon of the Western Task Force in November 1942. One month later he became Chief Surgeon, North African Forces, under General Eisenhower. In 1943 he returned to Washington as Assistant Surgeon General with the task of training and inspecting Ground Forces medical troops. He came to SHAEF in February 1944 as chief medical officer.", "precise_score": 0.5518088936805725, "rough_score": 3.511770486831665, "source": "search", "title": "HyperWar: The Supreme Command (ETO) [Biographical Sketches]" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.065890312194824, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "George S. Patton Jr", "passage": "General George S. Patton Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.044229507446289, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "General Patton was and is considered one of the world greatest Generals. There are those who say he had no equal in World War II on any side, friend or foe. The General’s combat effectiveness as a strategists and tacticians yielded huge results. When called upon by General Eisenhower in extreme emergencies, such as the battle of the bulge. General Patton accomplished what no other General could have been able to do at the time and place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.4575834274292, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "George S. Patton Jr", "passage": "General George S. Patton Jr. will forever be part of military history. Yet, his accomplishments transcends the normal and proceeds into a greatness that few ever reach in a life time. The Bible describes a life span as a \"wisp\" in History. When the life leaves the body, then only the memories of the accomplishments and failures linger in the memories of man. When these memories are written down, they become history. It is from that history we look at those who figure looms bigger than others and judge them. General Patton's legacy, when it is all known, if it ever can be, will most likely put him in the company of military giants in World History. Regardless of how he fairs there he is certainly a man worth studying. Military soldiers and historians study his exploits on the battlefield and see how his tactics and strategies went on to change the future of such things. He, like most men, saw his present situation and saw his duty as a soldier to change the circumstances to a victory. Since he knew the past, he was able to foresee how the future might play out and knowing his enemies past. As his enemies on and off the battlefield proceeded in a predictable manner, he was able to conclude where they going and how they would react. He then, like a great chess player on the battlefield field, moved with quickness and saw his plans win battles. He was ahead of his peers and enemies in knowing the battlefield and often was stopped by others on his own side because they could not see nor react as quickly as they could or should have. Now with the passage of time, we see just how right he was and see that had he been allowed to be unrestrained and fight the war as he saw it, there would certainly have been even greater victories and less lives lost than there were. When his final battlefield command was over, he saw that if things continued as they had, unabated, that the futures of his soldiers and those of generations to come would be faced with having to fight again but with tougher opposition and with \"wonder weapons\" that might leave mankind to its final destruction. Based on that, he managed to write several predictions that were not only insightful but very close to what would eventually happen. He lived only 60 years and 30 days which would certainly qualify in biblical terms as a \"wisp.\" However, when you look at when he lived, what he did and how he effected the outcome, you come to understand that the short lifetime was lived to the fullest and the memory of what he did will last until the end of history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.809191703796387, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "This is official release from General Eisenhower of General Patton obituary.  He gives a good synopsis of General Patton’s Military carrier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.38439655303955, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "The death of General George Smith Patton, Jr., United States Army, which occurred at Heidelherg, Germany, on 21 December 1945, is announced with deep regret.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.450031757354736, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "General Patton, as Commanding General, -Third Army, inscribed his name in the annals of military-history by bold and brilliant leadership of his troops in Africa and Sicily and from the Normandy Peninsula across France, German, and Austria,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.080472946166992, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "General Patton was graduated from the United States Military Academy and appointed a second lieutenant of Cavalry on 11 June 1909. He was promoted to first lieutenant on 23 May 1916,-to captain on 15 May 1917, to major (temporary) on 26 January 1918, to lieutenant colonel (temporary) on 30March 1918, to colonel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.628359317779541, "source": "search", "title": "Patton's Third Army Living Historians - Patton History" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Bradley, Omar, Gen.: (12 Feb. 1893 to 8 April 1981) Born in Clark, Missouri, graduated from West Point in 1915, and commissioned in the infantry. A prot�g� of Eisenhower, who had been in the same class at West Point. Served with the 14th Infantry Division in various posts in Washington and Arizona, received promotions to first lieutenant in July 1916, and captain in May 1917, then to temporary major in June 1918. Spent a few months at Camp Grange, Illinois, then professor of military science at South Dakota State College in Sept 1919. Reverted to captain in Jan. 1920. Later same year became instructor at West Point stayed there until 1924. Then on to Ft. Benning, Ga., to graduated from the Infantry School in 1925. Spent three years at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, then on to Command and General Staff School, at Ft. Leavenworth, Ks. in 1929. From 1929 to 1933 he was an instructor at the Infantry School. Graduated from the War College in 1934, then again instructor at West Point until 1938. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in June 1936. In 1938 Bradley was ordered to duty with the General Staff, and promoted to brigadier general, in Feb. 1941. His early career included many years as a formal instructor, However, his contribution to training was by no means insignificant. he served as Commandant of the Infantry School from March 1941 to Feb. 1941. Then to temporary mg to command the 92nd Infantry Division ( later to be the 82nd Airborne) at Camp Claiborne, La. From June 1942 to Jan. 1943 he had the 28th Infantry Division at Camp Livingston, La. General Bradley, of course, is best recognized as the empathetic \"G.I.'s General\" and the able commander of the largest American army ever fielded under a single commander. In Tunisia and Sicily, he commanded American troops who first learned the lessons of actual combat. Short time later he was ordered to N. Africa there he was appointed as an aide to Gen. Eisenhower until April 1942. His career was also linked with Patton's. Bradley first took command of the 11 Corps, from Patton, in North Africa. His troops immediately stormed the German held city of Bizerte on 7 May 1943 and took 40,000 prisoners. The II Corps captured Bizerte, Tunis, on 8 May 1942. Promoted to temporary lieutenant general in June 1942. Bradley led the II Corp's, then part of Patton's Seventh Army, in the landing at Gela and Scoglitti, Sicily, on 10 July 1942.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9672316908836365, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "In Sept.1942 he was called to England to assist in the planning of the invasion of Normandy. In Oct. 1943 he was named commander of the First United States Army Group (FUSAG) for that purpose. As a commander at that level he was held responsible to Gen. Courtney H. Hodges and the Third was under command of Gen. Patton, which together carried the advance of the center and and right across most of Europe. In Jan.1944, Bradley would be in command of the center wing, landed in Utah and Omaha beaches, Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. The end of July the First Army made the breakthrough at St. Lo. that released the the Allies from the Cotentin Peninsula. His greatest contribution to the war effort was his part in the Operation Overlord (invasion of France). He was chosen to lead the D-Day assault on the beaches of Normandy, France 6 June 1944. Gen. Bradley was receiving less than $13,000 a year as a Four Star General in 1946. In assessing Bradley, noted military historian, Martin Blumenson, predicts that he will be remembered for, among other things, his \"superb work as combat trainer and commander.\" In 1948 he succeeded Gen.. Eisenhower as Chief of Staff of the Army, holding that post until August 1949, when he became the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was promoted to general of the army in Sept. 1950. In 1951 he published \" A Soldier's Story \", a memoir, and in August 1953 he retired. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Bulova Watch Company in 1958. He was a Soldier's soldier, and a good general.  Look for more later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3060210943222046, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Cox, Landon Greaud : (Colonel, US Army Retired), 86, died August 30 at his home in Gaithersburg, Maryland. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana; graduated from the University of Kentucky in 1936; and began his military career with the Kentucky National Guard. During World War II, he commanded a tank battalion in General Patton's 2nd Armored Division \"Hell on Wheels\" in North Africa, Sicily, and France. Among his many awards, Colonel Cox received two Silver Stars, a Bronze Star, and a Purple Heart. Postwar Assignments included duty in Germany, Japan and Washington, D.C. He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.253950595855713, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "George Patton", "passage": "He went to work painting automobiles and would marry Miss. Holly Tallman on 18 May 1946. In 1962 he became manager of the body shop where he was working. After a long and happy marriage Mrs. Holly Jeffares passed away 16 Oct.1989 after a long illness.. He retired in 1984, Mr. Emory L. Jeffares now lives in a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia. I once asked Sgt. Jeffares while we were waiting for the St. Lo breakthrough to begin in July 1944, this question, why did he join the Army?, his reply was \" I didn't have anyplace else to go. This was true in some cases, for those that would volunteer around this time, but also they had a sense of patriotism. It was men like Sgt. Emory L. Jeffares that made up the members of the 2nd Armored Division's early on, and under Gen. George Patton became the very best Armored Division that the United States had to offer in WW 2. The men of this great division were ready to offer their lives for their country. We consider these men along with Sgt. Emory L. Jeffares to be true American Hero's. With the information supplied by Emory L. Jeffares, Written and edited by Howard Swonger, Webmaster", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.190771579742432, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Montgomery, Bernard, Gen.: (1987-1976) Montgomery's willfulness, egocentricity and arrogance were dominant traits of his character as young officer. Despite this he rose to rank of general and became Commander of the 3rd Division, which he took to France in 1939 and then evacuated from Dunkirk, battered but still intact, in June 1940. He was one of the last officer's to leave the beach at Dunkirk. Then on to command the V and V11 Corps in 1942, chosen to command the Eighth Army in the western desert. He took over an army that had just received an infusion of modern equipment and reinforcements. He was the first British commander to defeat a German force. He did a good job at at El Alamein in Africa. Gen. Montgomery was to close the Falaise Gap, in Aug. 1944, he changed his instructions on what division's were to take the duty five times,. His inconsistency on the Falaise Gap showed his lack of will to make a firm decision on just how he was going to trap the Germans, and not allow them to escape toward the Seine River. The Ardennes Offensive: 1. He wanted to pull back from the Elsenborn Ridge even as the battle was almost won, but bowed to Gen. Hodges objection. 2. He wanted to pull back immediately from St.Vith, which would have afforded the Germans early use of a vital road network but bowed to Gen. Hodges objection. Hodges had already specified that that decision was to be made by the man on the ground, Hasbrouck. 3. He ordered the 82nd Airborne Div. to withdraw from the Salm River to Trois Ponts-Manhay line, but Ridgeway had already directed Gen. Gavin to prepare for such a withdrawal. 4. He ordered relinquishing the Manhay crossroads, but in recognition that opened another route of the Germans to the Ourthe River, Hodges ordered the crossroads to be retaken. 5. He ordered Joe Collins to assemble for an attack, but when most of Collins force became involved in the defensive battle, authorized withdrawal. Collins attacked instead and stopped the Germans short of the Meuse. 6. When it came to reducing the bulge, he used great skill and less tact. Montgomery moved so slowly-however \"surely\"--that the Germans were able to regroup undisturbed by the First Army for new assaults on Bastogne. 7. Every division of the Ninth Army that was sent to the Ardennes, was sent before Montgomery assumed command. Later Gen. Montgomery requested that the 2nd Armored be sent to the Ardennes 14 Offensive. On 12 Sept. 1944, General Harmon took command of the division and by Oct. 1944 we had crossed the Meuse River, pierced the Siegfried Line, and were in the vicinity of Eubach, Germany, where we were ordered to halt. We were having great difficulty getting gasoline to run our vehicles. What we did not know was that all of our gas supply had been diverted to the big mistake called the Market Garden operation which Montgomery was running in the northern part of Holland, he was trying to capture all of the bridges before the Germans blew them up. This operation not only drained all of our supplies, but all of Patton's and the First Army and our own Ninth Army to which we had been transferred. We also lost more men that we had lost on D-Day, and we accomplished nothing. Because of this fiasco in Northern Holland we were forced to remain inactive for about five weeks. When the war ended he was selected to accept the surrender of the Germans in the Northern region of Europe. After he war he was the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander of Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9228315353393555, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Patton Jr., George Smith, (General, \"Blood and Guts\"):(11 Nov. 1885 to 21 Dec. 1945) Born in San Gabriel, California, Patton then spent one year at Virginia Military Institute, while there he decided to obtain a commission in the army. Patton was commissioned in the cavalry after his 1909 graduating from the US Military Academy. He gained a reputation for his ability, energy, marksmanship, and superb horsemanship in his early years.. Patton was a pioneer in many areas. In 1912 he represented the United States Military and was the first American to compete in the Modern Pentathlon, an event stressing horsemanship, in the Olympic Games held in Stockholm, Sweden. Immediately after the he attended the French Cavalry school in Samur, France. He wrote the Army Manuel on the Saber, while he was at Ft. Riley, Kansas while serving there as an instructor in the mounted Service School. Patton was promoted to captain in 1917, after participating in General John L. Pershing's Punitive Expedition into Mexico.( trying to hunt down Pancho Villa in 1916). Following his promotion, he joined Gen. Pershing's staff in the American Expeditionary Force in May 1917, and was sent to France. By that time a temporary lieutenant colonel ( Note later reverted to captain at Ft. Meade, Maryland ) in World War I, He became the first member of the Tank Corps and organized the First American Tank Training Center at Langres, France. Patton organized and commanded the 304th Tank Brigade during the St. Mihiel and the Meuse Argonne offensive. This was one of two battalion which provided the bulk of the officers and men of the \"old 66th\". In an engagement, General Patton led his battalion into action seated atop the turret of a two-man Renault tank. A knee wound suffered in a previous action prevented him from getting inside. The tank punched through the enemy & fixed position but the infantry given the mission of following the tanks in close support, had fallen too far behind, General Patton personally went back, located the troops, gave them a sample of his choice of words and brought them up to take over the ground his tanks had over run. He received the Distinguished Service Cross and the Purple Heart during the Meuse Offensive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8287251591682434, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Gen. Patton headed the Western Task Force to take part in the North African campaign in November 1942. Took command of the II Corps in Tunisia in March 1943 becoming lieutenant general in April. He did a great job in restoring discipline and morale, and making them ready for combat in the II Corps. Was in on the invasion of Sicily, this would be code named \"Operation Husky\". During the days before the invasion of Sicily Gen. Patton was going by a group of men trying to float a bridge into the shore near Arzew from an LST. Some of the men were falling off into the water, and they seemed to be enjoying it, Gen. Patton seeing that the platoon leader an officer was the only dry man in the platoon, ordered him into the water. He told the officer that if his men are dripping wet he should be too. Later would become involved incident of the slapping of a hospitalized soldier whom he suspected of malingering. He was reprimanded by General Eisenhower, and unduly criticized in the press. We have to remember that at that time the understanding of combat fatigue and stress related to combat action was not fully understood as it is today. He did later apologize. As a result of this his promotion to a higher rank was held up for several months. Early in November 1944 he was ordered to England to take command of the Third Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8761553764343262, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "George S. Patton Jr", "passage": "Gen. George S. Patton Jr., known as \"Old Blood and Guts\" was one of the most colorful commanders in the US Army. The famed commander of the Third Army during World War II displayed courage and daring as prominently as the pair of ivory handled revolvers he wore. In the early part of World War II, Patton played a major role in the North Africa and Sicily Campaigns. But he is best remembered for his command of the Third Army during its drive across France. The Third Army pushed through the German defenses and captured thousands of prisoners before being forced to stop, due to a lack of logistical support, at the Seine and Meuse Rivers. Gen.Patton accomplished one of the most remarkable feats in military history in December 1944, when he quickly turned the Third Army northward to reinforce the Allied southern flank against the German attack in the Battle of the Bulge. (Ardennes Offensive) In Dec. 1944 poised on the Saar, he executed one of the most remarkable pieces of staff work and field maneuver in military history by quickly turning the Third Army northward to shore up the Allied southern flank against the German Ardennes Offensive, known also as \" The Battle of the Bulge ).The Third Army's 4th Armored Division, spearheaded by Creighton Abrams 37th Tank Battalion, rescued and relieved the \"Battered Bastards of Bastogne,\" the 101 Airborne Division. General Patton would review his beloved 2nd Armored Division one more time in July of 1945 in Berlin, Germany. And yes, he was wearing his famous pistols, he stood out as an impressive figure. The 82nd Reconnaissance, as a part of the 2nd Armored Division stood for this review, as he passed by in a half-track. This was a moment in history for all of us in the 2nd Armored Division. He was a great general.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.500379800796509, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "General Patton's doctrines for aggressive employment of massive Armor forces continue to prove themselves in combat areas around the world. The members of the 2nd Armored Division credit the intense training and the readiness that Gen. Patton required of his troops as the reason that the they suffered less casualties than other armored divisions. Even with much more combat time in action. The 2nd Armored Division was best trained armored division in World War 2. He was a \"spit and polish soldier\" he became on of the most brilliant decisive and aggressive military commanders in American History. After the war his public criticisms of the post-war denazification program in occupied Germany, based on apprehensions of Communist takeovers in Europe, led to his being transferred in Oct. 1945 from command of the Third Army and the military governorship of Bavaria to a largely paper Fifteenth Army. In this post he was president of Theater General Board, organized to study the European campaign. In November replaced Gen. Eisenhower as commander of US Forces in Europe. After only two weeks in this position as a result of a car accident he passed away on 21 Dec. 1945 in Heidleberg, Germany. At his own request, he is buried alongside fallen comrades in the American Cemetery at Hamm, Luxembourg. General Patton no doubt at times was over anxious to move his troops forward, when it was best for him to slow down. ( so everybody else could catch up ) He was the ultimate soldier, his understanding of war and how to conquer the enemy was outstanding, there was none better. General Patton was dedicated, devout, profane, flamboyant and sometimes controversial. He was a man for this time and a true American Hero.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.880879282951355, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "Smith, Harold D., Capt.: (14 May 1916 to 13 Sept. 1944). Harold D. Smith was born in Stillwater, Oklahoma. He attended A&M College in Tucson, Arizona, and was inducted into the army at Fort Bliss, Texas, 2 Feb. 1941. He participated in the Louisiana maneuvers held from 9 Aug. 1941 to 3 Oct. 1941. Then he attended Officer Candidate School at Fort Knox, Kentucky, where he received his commission in Jan.1942. He served under General Patton in Africa and Sicily. Captain Smith, as a 1st Lieutenant, landed in North Africa on 8 Nov. 1942. Lt. Smith was assigned to the 1st Armored Div. at Maknassy (was connected to the battle for Kasserine Pass) which was slightly north east of El Guettar, and south east of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia. He moved directly into action with \"B\" Co., 13th A.R. in an observer capacity. His post was on the southern section of the battle of Kasserine Pass in March 1943. Also served as Liaison Officer to the 2nd Battalion of the 18th Inf. at Beja. Lt. Smith earned a commendation during this and subsequent actions, and was commended for \"his calmness and courage under the most dangerous situations, which served as an inspiration to all with whom he came in contact.\" The commendation goes on to read:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3442022800445557, "source": "search", "title": "Notable Generals and Others... - 2nd Armored Division" }, { "answer": "Patton", "passage": "GEN. GEORGE S. PATTON, JR., commanded the ground elements of the Western Task Force in the landings in North Africa in November 1942. In March 1943 he assumed command of the II Corps in Tunisia. In April of that year he began the work of planning the invasion of Sicily. He commanded the U.S. forces in the assault on that island. His headquarters was renamed Seventh U.S. Army after", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.594325304031372, "source": "search", "title": "HyperWar: The Supreme Command (ETO) [Biographical Sketches]" }, { "answer": "George Patton", "passage": "A solution was found and the go-ahead was given for contractors to complete construction on actual LSTs. In all, more than 1,050 such vessels were built during the war. Today the building, located at 1538 Eisenhower Ave., is used by the General George Patton Museum for various purposes. It is one of the few World War II wooden structures remaining on Fort Knox and is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274882316589355, "source": "search", "title": "History of Fort Knox - About Fort Knox - Fort Knox , Kentucky" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Jiang Qing", "passage": "On the Long March, Mao's wife He Zizen had been injured by a shrapnel wound to the head. She traveled to Moscow for medical treatment; Mao proceeded to divorce her and marry an actress, Jiang Qing. Mao moved into a cave-house and spent much of his time reading, tending his garden and theorizing. He came to believe that the Red Army alone was unable to defeat the Japanese, and that a Communist-led \"government of national defence\" should be formed with the KMT and other \"bourgeois nationalist\" elements to achieve this goal. Although despising Chiang Kai-shek as a \"traitor to the nation\", on May 5 he telegrammed the Military Council of the Nanking National Government proposing a military alliance, a course of action advocated by Stalin. Although Chiang intended to ignore Mao's message and continue the civil war, he was arrested by one of his own generals, Zhang Xueliang, in Xi'an, leading to the Xi'an Incident; Zhang forced Chiang to discuss the issue with the Communists, resulting in the formation of a United Front with concessions on both sides on December 25, 1937. ", "precise_score": 3.3583478927612305, "rough_score": 1.4655437469482422, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mao Zedong" }, { "answer": "Jiang Qing", "passage": "#Jiang Qing (江青, 1914–1991), married 1939 to Mao's death; mother to Li Na", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.00852108001709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mao Zedong" }, { "answer": "Chiang Ching", "passage": "The Communists worked within the Guomindang during the early and middle 1920's. The arrangement appeared to work well. Chiang Kai-shek directed the Whampoa Military Academy and Zhou Enlai served as the political officer for that academy. Chiang Kai-shek went to Moscow for training and later his son, Chiang Ching-guo, went to Moscow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.718214988708496, "source": "search", "title": "The Long March of the Communist Party of China 1934-35" }, { "answer": "Jiang Qing", "passage": "As China was increasing its world reconciliation, the founders of the People’s Republic of China were slowly dying, including Mao Zedong. The lack of Zhou Enlai and Mao in leadership roles in 1976 caused a power struggle developed between Deng Ziaoping and Mao’s supports, headed by Jiang Qing. In the same year, students demonstrated in Tiananmen Square in honor of Zhou, causing a flaw in Jiang’s power. Seeing his opportunity, Deng seized power and brought younger men with his views to power. He developed state constitutions and brought new policies to the party in 1982. Deng’s plan was based on the four modernizations of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science/technology. In 1987, Deng retired and Zhao Ziyang became general secretary, and Li Peng became premier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.623170852661133, "source": "search", "title": "China in the 20th Century - King's College" }, { "answer": "Jiang Qing", "passage": "Each time that Mr. Deng was purged from power, he fought his way back. Rehabilitated in 1973 after the worst of the Cultural Revolution, he was purged again as Mao lay on his deathbed in 1976. Denounced as an ''unrepentant capitalist-roader,'' it appeared that the notorious Gang of Four, the radicals led by Mao's wife, Jiang Qing, had defeated him. Mao himself decreed that Mr. Deng should be relieved of all his posts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.018775939941406, "source": "search", "title": "Deng Xiaoping: A Political Wizard Who Put China on the ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Free Democratic Libya", "LIBYA", "Islamic Republic of Libya", "Libya (National Transitional Council)", "Republic of Libya", "Libya", "State of Libya", "Libyan Republic (2011)", "Libyan Republic", "ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ", "ليبيا", "Libiyah", "LBY", "Etymology of Libya", "Al-Jamahiriya al-%60Arabiyah al-Libiyah ash-Sha%60biyah al-Ishtirakiyah al-Uzma", "Largest cities in Libya", "Lībiyā", "Lybya", "Free Libya", "Libiya", "ISO 3166-1:LY" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "iso 3166 1 ly", "libyan republic 2011", "lby", "free libya", "etymology of libya", "lybya", "state of libya", "libiya", "islamic republic of libya", "libya national transitional council", "ليبيا", "free democratic libya", "largest cities in libya", "republic of libya", "libyan republic", "ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ", "lībiyā", "libiyah", "al jamahiriya al 60arabiyah al libiyah ash sha 60biyah al ishtirakiyah al uzma", "libya" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "libya", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Libya" }

[ { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "In 1980, Waite successfully negotiated the release of several hostages in Iran: Iraj Mottahedeh (Anglican priest in Esfahan), Dimitri Bellos (diocesan officer), Nosrat Sharifian (Anglican priest in Kerman), Fazeli (church member), Jean Waddell (who was secretary to the Iranian Anglican bishop Hassan Dehqani-Tafti), Canon John Coleman, and Coleman's wife. On 10 November 1984, he negotiated with Colonel Gaddafi for the release of the four remaining British hostages held in the Libyan Hostage Situation, Michael Berdinner, Alan Russell, Malcolm Anderson and Robin Plummer and was again successful.", "precise_score": 3.1785128116607666, "rough_score": 5.40048360824585, "source": "wiki", "title": "Terry Waite" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "Mr. Waite, who has gained the release of British captives in Iran and Libya, arrived here Wednesday after the head of the Anglican Church, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, received a letter from four American hostages.", "precise_score": 4.075138568878174, "rough_score": 6.043489456176758, "source": "search", "title": "BRITON TO MEET WITH BEIRUT CAPTORS OF AMERICANS" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "* Tripoli, Libya", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82503890991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Beirut" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "* Peter Kilburn, Leigh Douglas, and Philip Padfield. On April 17, 1986, the bodies of these three American University of Beirut employees, American citizen Peter Kilburn and Britons Leigh Douglas and Philip Padfield, were discovered near Beirut. The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims claimed to have executed the three men in retaliation for the United States air raid on Libya on April 15, 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.816096305847168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lebanon hostage crisis" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "* 1986 April – Abduction: British citizens Brian Keenan (April 11) and John McCarthy (April 17th) Motivation: reprisal for the American raid on Libya. Suggested motivation for keeping them: demands for the release by Israel of 260 Shiites held in al-Khaim prison in South Lebanon and the release of the three Iranian hostages taken in 1982.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.283919334411621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lebanon hostage crisis" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "* 1986 April 17 Killed: Bodies of three American University of Beirut employees: Britons John Douglas and Philip Padfield and American Peter Kilburn, discovered near Beirut. Declared motivation: The \"Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims\" claims to have \"executed\" the three men in retaliation for the United States air raid on Libya on April 15, 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.97412109375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lebanon hostage crisis" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "The British press sometimes refers to Terry Waite as the Henry Kissinger of the Church of England. Like the former U.S. secretary of state, Waite seems forever to be hopping aboard planes and flying to distant countries to perform miracles of diplomacy. Waite, 46, personal assistant to Dr. Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual leader of the Church of England, has two \"missions impossible\" to his credit in four years--getting Britons freed from jails in Iran and Libya.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9162333011627197, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Terry Waite by Date - Page 5 ..." }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "Waite's reputation as an emissary extraordinary was cemented when in 1984 he established contact with Colonel Muammar Gadaffi in Libya, where four Britons had been detained following the murder of a policewoman outside the Libyan Embassy in London. He eventually secured their release after protracted negotiations and his own theological discussions with the Libyan leader on Christmas Day.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.894808530807495, "source": "search", "title": "Terry Waite Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "Waite, who in the past has helped to free hostages in Iran, Libya and Lebanon, said he will be looking in particular at the cases of the two British and five American captives still in kidnapers' hands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4203818440437317, "source": "search", "title": "Waite Plans New Hostage Mission Soon - latimes" }, { "answer": "Libya", "passage": "The way forward was clearly not their way of violence, but of peace and reconciliation. The so-called Arab Spring had become a force of oppression not of freedom, and one now saw chaos in Egypt, Libya and Syria. That chaos must not extend to Lebanon, for if it did, that would bring disaster to the whole region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.49829387664795, "source": "search", "title": "Terry Waite: My mission of peace to the people who held me ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Haiwii", "The State of Hawaii", "Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi", "Mokuʻa-ina o Hawaiʻi", "Demographics of Hawaii", "Hawaiian culture", "Hawai'i Resident", "Economy of Hawaii", "Hawaii, United States", "Haiwaii", "US-HI", "Owhyhee", "Transport in Hawaii", "Hawii", "Hawaii, USA", "50th State", "Hawai’i", "Hawai'i", "Haway", "Hawai%60i", "Hawaii (U.S. state)", "State of Hawaiʻi", "Hawái", "Languages of Hawaii", "Hawaï", "Demographics of Hawaiʻi", "State of Hawai%60i", "Hawwaii", "Hawai‘i", "Moku%60aina o Hawai%60i", "U.S. (HI)", "Hawaií", "The Aloha State", "Hawaii", "Culture of Hawaii", "Geography of Hawaii", "Hawai'i State", "State of Hawaii", "Health in Hawaii", "Religion in Hawaii", "ハワイ", "Hawaiʻi", "Hawaii Resident", "Moku%60a-ina o Hawai%60i", "Howaii", "Fiftieth State", "Hawaii (state)", "Aloha State", "Education in Hawaii", "State of Hawai'i" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "haiwii", "transport in hawaii", "hawaii usa", "us hi", "hawaii united states", "fiftieth state", "health in hawaii", "moku 60a ina o hawai 60i", "hawaii", "culture of hawaii", "haiwaii", "hawaii u s state", "hawai i state", "hawai i resident", "state of hawai 60i", "religion in hawaii", "demographics of hawaiʻi", "ハワイ", "languages of hawaii", "hawii", "hawaiʻi", "mokuʻāina o hawaiʻi", "hawai i", "state of hawai i", "hawai 60i", "haway", "hawaiian culture", "50th state", "demographics of hawaii", "hawái", "moku 60aina o hawai 60i", "u s hi", "state of hawaiʻi", "howaii", "owhyhee", "hawaii resident", "aloha state", "education in hawaii", "hawwaii", "economy of hawaii", "mokuʻa ina o hawaiʻi", "hawaii state", "state of hawaii", "hawaií", "geography of hawaii", "hawaï" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "hawaii", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Hawaii" }

[ { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Former Philippines president Ferdinand Marcos, whose corrupt regime spanned 20 years, dies in exile in Hawaii three years after being driven from his country by a popular front led by Corazon Aquino.", "precise_score": 7.0943603515625, "rough_score": 6.743154525756836, "source": "search", "title": "Marcos dies in exile - Sep 28, 1989 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Marcos claimed a 1.6 million vote victory, but observers found a 800,000 win by Aquino. A \"People Power\" movement quickly developed, driving the Marcoses into exile in Hawaii, and affirming Aquino's election.", "precise_score": 1.4263674020767212, "rough_score": 1.8892642259597778, "source": "search", "title": "Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Ferdinand Marcos, born on September 11, 1917, in Ilocos Norte province, was a member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949-1959) and Senate (1959-1965) before winning the presidential election. After winning a second term, he declared martial law in 1972, establishing with wife Imelda an autocratic regime based on widespread favoritism that eventually lead to economic stagnation and recurring reports of human rights violations. Marcos held onto the presidency until 1986, when his people rose against his dictatorial rule and he was forced to flee. He died on September 28, 1989 in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "precise_score": 6.476297855377197, "rough_score": 6.856969356536865, "source": "search", "title": "Ferdinand Marcos - Dictator, Lawyer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "With his health failing and support for his regime fading fast, on February 25, 1986, Ferdinand Marcos and much of his family were airlifted from the Manila presidential palace, going into exile in Hawaii. Evidence was later uncovered showing that Marcos and his associates had stolen billions from the Philippine economy. ", "precise_score": 7.385302543640137, "rough_score": 7.083881378173828, "source": "search", "title": "Ferdinand Marcos - Dictator, Lawyer - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "A Marcos aide, Col. Arturo Aruiza, said funeral plans were pending at the Nuuanu Memorial Park Mortuary. A family spokesman said the body would be on view at the family compound in Makiki Heights until Sunday. There are no plans for burial of the body elsewhere, Colonel Aruiza said. Mrs. Marcos has said in the past that she intended to embalm her husband's body and display it in Hawaii while she awaited permission to return to the Philippines. F.A.A. Issues Order", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.14377498626709, "source": "search", "title": "Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 ..." }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "In Washington, the Federal Aviation Administration issued an order at the request of the State Department barring any aircraft with the body of Mr. Marcos from leaving Hawaii or any other point in the United States for the Philippines. The F.A.A. said that ''such a return, or the attempt to do so, would create a danger to the safety of the aircraft and persons involved.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.60617446899414, "source": "search", "title": "Ferdinand Marcos, Ousted Leader Of Philippines, Dies at 72 ..." }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Elected in 1966, Marcos declared martial law in 1972 in response to leftist violence. In the next year, he assumed dictatorial powers. His anti-communist activity won him enthusiastic support from the U.S. government, but his regime was marked by misuse of foreign support, repression, and political murders. In 1986, Marcos defrauded the electorate in a presidential election, declaring himself the victor over Corazon Aquino, the wife of an assassinated rival. Aquino also declared herself the rightful winner, and the public rallied behind her. Deserted by his former supporters, Marcos and his wife, Imelda, fled to Hawaii in exile, where they faced investigation on embezzlement charges. Ferdinand Marcos died in 1989. Three years later, Imelda returned to the Philippines and ran for president and was defeated. In 1995 she won a seat in the Philippine House of Representatives. She made another unsuccessful bid for the presidency in 1998. In 2001, Imelda was arrested on charges of corruption and extortion committed during her husband’s presidency, but was acquitted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0564035177230835, "source": "search", "title": "Marcos dies in exile - Sep 28, 1989 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "I got no sympathy out of Washington at all. [They said,] “You are out there in Hawaii,” [and] I would say, “Yes, I know, but I don’t live here.” And, besides, I thought at that point we ought to disengage from the Marcoses. But there was an element of “Keep Rich there as a security blanket and Marcos won’t keep calling President Reagan at the White House….”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.912182807922363, "source": "search", "title": "The End of an Era - Handholding Ferdinand Marcos in Exile ..." }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Back to trying to get them off Hickam Air Base. Some of the issues that had to be resolved in the future should be thought through in advance. For example: How long would the Secret Service provide protection after they moved outside military facilities; how would the transition be conducted between the United States being responsible for security and Marcos’ own security detail? They eventually did move to a very modest home on the water, but any home on the water in Hawaii costs a lot of money. It was actually a rather small place, not easy to maintain security there because there was little distance between house or road or house and adjoining houses. It was spoken of in the press as a much more palatial place than it was.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.985915184020996, "source": "search", "title": "The End of an Era - Handholding Ferdinand Marcos in Exile ..." }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "She had it all, and lost it all—or did she? The author penetrated the Marcos hideout in Hawaii for a Vanity Fair exclusive.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.978053092956543, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Later Mr. Shultz went further and publicly rebuked Ferdinand Marcos for using his safe haven in Hawaii as a base from which to foment difficulties for President Aquino’s government. “He is causing trouble,” said Shultz, and Jaime Cardinal Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, echoed the secretary of state’s remarks. The cardinal said that Marcos was financing demonstrations against Mrs. Aquino, and in some cases paying people 100 to 150 pesos ($5 or $7.50) to dress up as priests and nuns in order to attract favorable press attention for him abroad. The Marcoses were definitely in Dutch.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6194000244140625, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Of the 115,000 Filipinos in Hawaii, approximately 15,000 are pro-Marcos, and most of those are from Ferdinand Marcos’s home providence of Ilocos Norte. The crowd of cheering Filipinos in the auditorium that day was estimated at between four and five thousand, and the event was long and tedious. Children from the Hawaii Talent Searchers Club sang Cyndi Lauper and Huey Lewis vocals to instrumental tracks recorded on cassettes. There was a demonstration of ballroom dancing by a gray-haired woman and younger female partner. Following that was a magic act, and then, to the delight of the audience, a leading pop star called Anthony Castillo, who had arrived from Manila the day before to take part in the festivities, sang a medley of songs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.040656566619873, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "She gave me the address: 5577 Kalanianaole Highway. Of course, I already knew where she lived; everyone in Honolulu knew. I had driven by the house every day since I had been there, and once I had parked my car nearby and walked along the beach to the Marcos place. I was able to look through the shrubbery and stare at the house for fully five minutes before two guards, sitting on chairs and chatting together, noticed me. The security provided by the state had been taken away from the Marcoses three and a half weeks after they arrived in Hawaii; these guards were part of a volunteer security force made up of pro-Marcos members of the Filipino colony in Honolulu. They had walkie-talkies but no guns that I could see; however, when I realized that they had spotted me, I quickly turned and walked away.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.618037223815918, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "A Hawaiian real-estate agent claimed to me that the Marcoses owned two homes in the fashionable Makiki Heights section of Honolulu, one worth $1.5 million and the other worth $2 million. The houses are said to be in the names of two well-to-do Filipinos. The Marcoses cannot admit owning the houses, for fear the present Philippine government will put a claim on them. Because of the Marcoses’ political un-popularity, it had been hard to find anybody anywhere who would rent to them. For example, an approach had been made through an emissary for the Marcoses to rent one of the great houses on the fashionable Caribbean island of Mustique, but because Mustique is a favorite vacation retreat for members of the British royal family, it was thought that the Marcos presence might prove embarrassing. However, according to a prominent resident of the island, if the United States were to request that they be given haven, or if the Marcoses were to make a proper gesture, such as building a $65 million airstrip on nearby Saint Vincent, new consideration for their future welfare in Mustique might be taken into account.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.712488174438477, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Entering the small front hallway, a visitor is immediately confronted with the presidential seal, which fills an entire wall. Next to it on a pole is the flag of the Philippines. The house consists of a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, three bedrooms, and a lanai, a sort of porch furnished like a living room which is a feature of most Hawaiian houses. Next to the house is a separate one-room guesthouse. There are, I learned, more than forty people living here. Most of the original furniture has been removed or replace by rented furniture. A plain wooden table on the terrace was covered with a white plastic tablecloth and surrounded by card-table chairs with mgn rental stenciled on the back. In the living room were several television sets, a VCR, and both audio and video recording equipment. (A Honolulu rumor has it that the Marcoses ruined their friendship with President and Mrs. Reagan by videotaping a private telephone conversation they had with them and later giving the tape to television stations.) An upright piano and a synthesizer were pushed against the wall of the lanai. On practically every table surface there were mismatched bouquets of tropical flowers, many wrapped in aluminum foil or tied with homemade bows, unwatered, dying or dead. There were flies everywhere. All the books on the tables, with the single exception of David Stockman’s The Triumph of Politics, were by Ferdinand Marcos, including The Ideology of the Philippines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.214071273803711, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "About a dozen men in Hawaiian shirts were seated about the room. In a gray suit, shirt, and tie, I felt overcitified. President Marcos, we were told, had a toothache and was at the dentist, but the First Lady would be with us presently. For the first time it occurred to me that all the people there had been summoned, as I had, to see her. I made conversation with a Filipino journalist from New York who had worked in the consulate when Marcos was in power, and with Anthony Castillo, the pop singer from Manila, who told me that one of the first things Corazon Aquino had done was abolish all the cultural programs started by Imelda Marcos. All the artists in the country, he said, stood behind the Marcoses.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.952996253967285, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "And then the First Lady entered the room, the strong scent of heady perfume preceding her. She moves in an extraordinarily graceful manner; even in those simple rooms she was like a queen in a palace. All of those seated jumped to their feet the moment her presence was felt. As if a party like of “stay poor and lie low” were in force to counteract the stories of excess that had dominated the media for months, Mrs. Marcos was again dressed as she had been dressed for every public appearance since she arrived in Hawaii: the green dress, black patent-leather shoes, and pearl earrings and ring which were obviously costume jewelry. Her black hair was majestically coiffed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.614129066467285, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Trapped in a Catch-22 situation, the Marcoses were broke. Their tangible assets, including the money and jewelry they entered Hawaii with, had been frozen by the U.S. government. Talking about the generous Filipinos in Honolulu who bring them food and clothing, she said, “They even bring me shoes.” In the manner of an expert storyteller, she let a few seconds pass and then added, “Who knows, soon I may have three thousand pairs.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.127159118652344, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "She replied slowly, choosing her words. “Those who had our telephone number in Hawaii, yes. Those who had the time, yes. But this is when you find out who are your real friends, and this is when you cut out the fakes.” Again she thought for a time and then added, “I have no bitterness in my heart.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496387481689453, "source": "search", "title": "Imelda in Exile | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "Hawaii", "passage": "Elected in 1966, Marcos declared martial law in 1972 in response to leftist violence. In the next year, he assumed dictatorial powers. Backed by the United States, his regime was marked by misuse of foreign support, repression, and political murders. In 1986, Marcos defrauded the electorate in a presidential election, declaring himself the victor over Corazon Aquino, the wife of an assassinated rival. Aquino also declared herself the rightful winner, and the public rallied behind her. Deserted by his former supporters, Marcos and his wife, Imelda, fled to Hawaii in exile, where they faced investigation on embezzlement charges. He died in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8955230712890625, "source": "search", "title": "Marcos flees the Philippines - Feb 25, 1986 - HISTORY.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "James Whittaker", "James Whittaker (religious leader)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "james whittaker", "james whittaker religious leader" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "james whittaker", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "James Whittaker" }

[ { "answer": "James Whittaker", "passage": "Several milestone anniversaries were observed in 2013. A variety of events were tied to remembering the 60th anniversary of Tenzing and Hillary’s climb, including summiting of Everest by hundreds of climbers and treks by others on and around its lower slopes. The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) hosted a special lecture on May 29 that included Peter Hillary, Jamling Tenzing, and Jan Morris—the latter being the last surviving member of the 1953 expedition. In March the RGS also hosted a 25th-anniversary reunion of members from the 1988 East Face expedition. Several members of the first U.S. ascent (1963), including James Whittaker and Norman Dyhrenfurth, gathered in San Francisco in February for an observance of the 50th anniversary of that expedition. In addition, the 80th anniversary of the first airplane flight over the mountain was remembered during the year.", "precise_score": -3.0475401878356934, "rough_score": -3.392737865447998, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Everest | mountain, Asia | Britannica.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "African Congo", "The Kongos", "Congo (disambiguation)", "Congo (country)", "Lower Congo", "Kongo", "Kongo (disambiguation)", "The Congo", "Kongô", "Congo", "Congos", "Kongou" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "lower congo", "kongou", "kongos", "congo country", "congo disambiguation", "congo", "african congo", "congos", "kongo", "kongo disambiguation", "kongô" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "congo", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Congo" }

[ { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1960, the UN deployed United Nations Operation in the Congo (UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to the breakaway State of Katanga, restoring it to the control of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by 1964. While travelling to meet with rebel leader Moise Tshombe during the conflict, Dag Hammarskjöld, often named as one of the UN's most effective Secretaries-General, died in a plane crash; months later he was posthumously awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1964, Hammarskjöld's successor, U Thant, deployed the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions.", "precise_score": 6.405121803283691, "rough_score": 6.465546607971191, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The investigation led Björkdahl to previously unpublished telegrams – seen by the Guardian – from the days leading up to Hammarskjöld's death on 17 September 1961, which illustrate US and British anger at an abortive UN military operation that the secretary general ordered on behalf of the Congolese government against a rebellion backed by western mining companies and mercenaries in the mineral-rich Katanga region.", "precise_score": 6.008501052856445, "rough_score": 6.466306209564209, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Exactly 50 years ago, UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold died in a plane crash on a mission to prevent civil war in newly independent Congo. Suspicions that the plane was shot down, never fully laid to rest, are now again on the rise.", "precise_score": 7.589432239532471, "rough_score": 8.681290626525879, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjold: Was his death a crash or a conspiracy ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "But Mr Hammarskjold from the start backed Congo's elected central authorities - the Soviet-backed government of prime minister Patrice Lumumba, and later, after Mr Lumumba was deposed and murdered, Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula.", "precise_score": 4.186601161956787, "rough_score": 4.4161601066589355, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjold: Was his death a crash or a conspiracy ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Exclusive: More than a half-century ago at a pivotal moment in the emergence of independent African states UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold was brokering peace in a divisive civil war in Congo when he died in a plane crash, leaving behind an enduring Cold War mystery, as Lisa Pease reports.", "precise_score": 6.958982944488525, "rough_score": 8.164613723754883, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "UN Secretary general Dag Hammarskjold is welcomed by Moïse Tshombe, leader of the Katanga province, at Elizabethville ( now Lubumbashi) Airport in Belgian Congo in 1960 Photo: AFP/GETTY", "precise_score": 4.968150615692139, "rough_score": 7.386584758758545, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The flight was carrying Dag Hammarskjold, the UN’s Swedish chief, on a high-stakes mission to negotiate with rebels in Katanga, a breakaway mineral-rich province of Congo that was backed by Belgian mercenaries and Western governments and business.", "precise_score": 3.0221240520477295, "rough_score": 4.540006160736084, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Possible motive: When turmoil over land and minerals engulfed Congo, Hammarskjold sent UN troops to support Patrice Lumumba, the prime minister. President John F Kennedy was known to regard Lumumba as a destabilising force and a possible Soviet ally.", "precise_score": 1.8261277675628662, "rough_score": 4.129252910614014, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The plane’s passengers are Dag Hammarskjöld, the second-ever secretary-general of the United Nations, and his aides and security detail. Hammarskjöld was eight years into his role as Secretary-General, and heading for Rhodesia to negotiate a ceasefire with Moise Tshombe, the leader of Katanga province in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, where rebels had separated from the government soon after independence.", "precise_score": 4.863402366638184, "rough_score": 6.85390043258667, "source": "search", "title": "Who Killed U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold? - The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The United Nations Charter was drafted at a conference in April–June 1945; this charter took effect 24 October 1945, and the UN began operation. The UN's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies. The organization participated in major actions in Korea and the Congo, as well as approving the creation of the state of Israel in 1947. The organization's membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s, and by the 1970s its budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, the UN took on major military and peacekeeping missions across the world with varying degrees of success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.293410301208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In the late 1990s and 2000s, international interventions authorized by the UN took a wider variety of forms. The UN mission in the Sierra Leone Civil War of 1991–2002 was supplemented by British Royal Marines, and the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 was overseen by NATO.In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq despite failing to pass a UN Security Council resolution for authorization, prompting a new round of questioning of the organization's effectiveness. Under the current Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, the UN has intervened with peacekeepers in crises including the War in Darfur in Sudan and the Kivu conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo and sent observers and chemical weapons inspectors to the Syrian Civil War. In 2013, an internal review of UN actions in the final battles of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009 concluded that the organization had suffered \"systemic failure\". One hundred and one UN personnel died in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the worst loss of life in the organization's history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.656128883361816, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In September 2013, the UN had peacekeeping soldiers deployed on 15 missions. The largest was the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), which included 20,688 uniformed personnel. The smallest, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), included 42 uniformed personnel responsible for monitoring the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir. UN peacekeepers with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.912841796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The UN has also drawn criticism for perceived failures. In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions. Disagreements in the Security Council about military action and intervention are seen as having failed to prevent the Bangladesh genocide in 1971, the Cambodian genocide in the 1970s, and the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Similarly, UN inaction is blamed for failing to either prevent the Srebrenica massacre in 1995 or complete the peacekeeping operations in 1992–93 during the Somali Civil War. UN peacekeepers have also been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, and sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and what is now South Sudan, Burundi, and Ivory Coast. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the 2010–13 Haiti cholera outbreak, which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.447112083435059, "source": "wiki", "title": "United Nations" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 1960, the former Belgian Congo and then newly independent Congo asked for UN aid in defusing the Congo Crisis. Hammarskjöld made four trips to Congo. His efforts toward the decolonisation of Africa were considered insufficient by the Soviet Union; in September 1960, the Soviet government denounced his decision to send a UN emergency force to keep the peace. They demanded his resignation and the replacement of the office of Secretary-General by a three-man directorate with a built-in veto, the \"troika\". The objective was, citing the memoirs of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, to \"equally represent interests of three groups of countries: capitalist, socialist and recently independent.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.886538505554199, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "* John F. Kennedy: After Hammarskjöld's death, U.S. president John F. Kennedy regretted that he opposed the UN policy in the Congo and said: \"I realise now that in comparison to him, I am a small man. He was the greatest statesman of our century.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4936296939849854, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "At the end of his investigation Björkdahl is still not sure who killed Hammarskjöld, but he is fairly certain why he was killed: \"It's clear there were a lot of circumstances pointing to possible involvement by western powers. The motive was there – the threat to the west's interests in Congo's huge mineral deposits. And this was the time of black African liberation, and you had whites who were desperate to cling on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8778051733970642, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld: evidence suggests UN chief's plane was ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Just after midnight on 18 September 1961, he was heading to negotiate a ceasefire in a mineral-rich breakaway region of Congo, where another of his peacekeeping missions was getting bogged down in the complex politics of decolonisation and Cold War rivalry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.048347473144531, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjold: Was his death a crash or a conspiracy ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In Congo, one issue was who should control the southern province of Katanga, rich in copper, uranium and tin. Belgium, the ex-colonial power, backed a secessionist movement led by Moise Tshombe, as did the UK and US who had mining interests in the region.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.007177352905273, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjold: Was his death a crash or a conspiracy ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In 2005, the head of UN military information in Congo in 1961, Bjorn Egge, told the Aftenposten newspaper he had noticed a round hole in Hammarskjold's forehead when he saw the body in the mortuary. It could have been a bullet hole, he said, and it had been mysteriously airbrushed out of official photographs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.937957525253296, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjold: Was his death a crash or a conspiracy ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The Congo Crisis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345865249633789, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The report summarized the historical situation Hammarskjöld was faced with in 1961. In June of 1960, under pressure from forces in the Congo as well as from the United Nations, Belgium had relinquished its claim to the Congo, a move which brought Patrice Lumumba to power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.377340078353882, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "As the Commission’s report noted, “Katanga contained the majority of the Congo’s known mineral resources. These included the world’s richest uranium and four fifths of the West’s cobalt supply. Katanga’s minerals were mined principally by a Belgian company, the Union Minière du Haut Katanga, which immediately recognised and began paying royalties to the secessionist government in Elisabethville. One result of this was that Moise Tshombe’s regime was well funded. Another was that, so long as Katanga remained independent of the Congo, there was no risk that the assets of Union Minière would be expropriated.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.016615867614746, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The U.S. government feared that Katanga’s rich uranium reserves would fall under Soviet control if the nationalist movement that brought Lumumba to power succeeded in unifying the country. Indeed, rebuffed by Western interests, Lumumba did reach out to the Soviets for help, a move that caused CIA Director Allen Dulles to initiate CIA plans for Lumumba’s assassination. Lumumba was ultimately captured and killed by forces of Joseph Mobutu, whom Andrew Tully called “the CIA’s man” in the Congo just days before President Kennedy’s inauguration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.234401702880859, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "On the southern border of Katanga lay Northern Rhodesia, where Hammarskjöld’s plane would eventually go down, Sir Roy Welensky, a British politician, ruled as prime minister. Welensky, too, pushed for an independent Katanga. Along with the resources, there was also the fear that an integrated Congo and Katanga could lead to the end of apartheid in Rhodesia which might spread to its larger and more prosperous neighbor South Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0080134868621826, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The British situation was divided, with the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Landsdowne, backing the UN’s efforts at preserving a unified Congo, while the British High Commissioner to the Rhodesian Foundation, Lord Alport, was upset with the UN’s meddling, saying African issues were “better left to Europeans with experience in that part of the world.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.251632690429688, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Similarly, U.S. policy appeared split in 1961. Allen Dulles and possibly President Dwight D. Eisenhower had worked to kill Lumumba just before President John F. Kennedy took office. But President Kennedy had been a supporter of Lumumba and fully backed the UN’s efforts in the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.825191497802734, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The UN forces had been unsuccessful in unifying the Congo, so Hammarskjöld and his team flew to Leopoldville on Sept. 13, 1961. Hammarskjöld planned to meet Tshombe to discuss aid, contingent on a ceasefire, and the two decided to meet on Sept. 18 in Ndola in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.21703913807868958, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "That night, Hammarskjöld embarked on the Albertina, a DC6 plane, and flew from Leopoldville to Ndola, where he was to arrive shortly after midnight. Lord Landsdowne, the British leader opposing a unified Congo, flew separately, although the report goes out of its way to say there was nothing sinister in them flying in separate planes and that this was “diplomatically and politically appropriate.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3333683013916016, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "After Lumumba’s death, in early 1961, the UN passed resolution 161, which urged the immediate removal of Belgian forces and “other foreign military and paramilitary personnel and political advisors not under the United Nations Command, and mercenaries” from the Congo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.49428653717041, "source": "search", "title": "The Mysterious Death of a UN Hero – Consortiumnews" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "UN troops arrive in Congo in 1960. Photo: AFP/Getty", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84600830078125, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Motive: Hammarskjold did not just anger the Americans with his intervention in Congo. Even more incensed were European industrialists who stood to lose control of the country's mines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3433578610420227, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A child digs for gold in a Congolese mine. Photo: Marcus Bleasdale", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.383922576904297, "source": "search", "title": "Did Western agents assassinate the UN Secretary General in ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In September 1961, Hammarskjold was flying on a peace mission from the Congolese capital of Léopoldville, now called Kinshasa, to the Ndola airfield in the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia, renamed Zambia after independence. Hammarskjold's Douglas DC6B plane, called Albertina, crashed into the forest on its approach to the Ndola airfield. Hammarskjold was believed to have been tossed out of the plane upon impact, fatally crushing his chest, spine, and ribs. Fourteen other passengers and crew members died in the crash; a fifteenth, American Harold Julien, succumbed to his injuries a week later. Before his death, Julien told authorities that there had been an explosion in the plane before it went down.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.708997964859009, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Researchers say many key players in the region, including white minority governments, had clashed with Hammarskjold, whose U.N peacekeepers had been battling Belgian-backed separatists in the mineral-rich Congolese province of Katanga. Days before Hammarskjold's death, the U.N. launched an offensive against Katanga's separatists as part of an effort to drive hundreds of Belgian officers and European mercenaries out of the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1814788579940796, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The U.N. leader was advocating for Congo's full independence, while Belgium, with some support from Britain, the United States and South Africa, wanted to ensure that Katanga's riches - which included the uranium ore used in the production of the atomic weapons dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - remained in friendly hands and out of the reach of the Soviet Union. Several months earlier, the CIA had played a role in the assassination by Belgian officers and Katangese separatists of Congolese liberation leader Patrice Lumumba, who was suspected of moving too closely to the Soviet Union.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.59589672088623, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Hammarskjold, meanwhile, died while en route to discuss a cease-fire with Moise Tshombe, the Belgian-backed leader of Katanga's secession drive. His broader mission was to convince at Tshombe to ditch his foreign backers and make peace with Congo's pro-Western leaders. \"All those parties - the Belgians, the South Africans, the CIA - had a reason for opposing Dag Hammarskjold's mission,\" Goldstone told FP.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.239769458770752, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "The possible existence of an alleged CIA-backed plot to kill Hammarskjold first emerged in 1998, when the South African National Intelligence Agency turned over a file to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission related to the 1993 assassination of Chris Hani, the leader of the South African Communist Party. But the file also included copies of eight documents detailing internal correspondence among members of the South African Institute for Maritime Research, or SAIMR, an alleged front for a clandestine mercenary organization active in Congo in the early 1960s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1175947189331055, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "According to the papers, saboteurs were to place six pounds of TNT in the wheel well of Hammarskjold's plane before it departed from Léopoldville, Congo, for the Ndola airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.668235778808594, "source": "search", "title": "UN to probe whether iconic secretary-general Dag ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Previous documents quoted CIA director Allen Dulles as calling Hammarskjöld \"troublesome\" and saying he \"should be removed\". Hammarskjöld supported full independence for a united Congo, an unpopular position with the South Africans, the US and the UK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.375639915466309, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld 1961 plane crash death may be probed by ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Hammarskjöld's plane plunged from the sky over the former Northern Rhodesia as he flew to orchestrate a ceasefire between Congo's government and Katanga province separatists. A crash report the following year pointed to pilot error. But several unusual witness statements raised continuing questions about the crash.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.257670521736145, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld 1961 plane crash death may be probed by ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "A number of countries wanted to thwart Hammarskjöld's attempts to reunite Congo and stop Katanga from seceding. Congo, which was receiving Soviet aid, had the world's richest uranium resources. Mining companies feared a loss of their operations if Katanga failed to become independent. The KGB, the CIA and British intelligence were all active in the country at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1703412532806396, "source": "search", "title": "Dag Hammarskjöld 1961 plane crash death may be probed by ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "Hammarskjöld’s tenure was marked by the wave of independence of former colonies, especially in Africa. In 1960 alone, 17 new countries joined the UN. Violence stemming from decolonization took up much of his time, particularly, stemming from the Republic of Congo's mineral-rich province of Katanga. Here, he is about to leave the Congo, following talks on the deployment of UN peacekeepers. (14 August 1960)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5379351377487183, "source": "search", "title": "United Nations News Centre" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "With the situation in the Republic of Congo worsening, Hammarskjöld devoted himself to securing a cessation of hostilities and achieving reconciliation among Congolese factions. Here, he arrives in Elizabethville for talks with the government. Five days afterwards, he and his team were killed in a plane crash en route to broker a cease-fire. (13 Sept. 1961)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2849690914154053, "source": "search", "title": "United Nations News Centre" }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In the days after the crash, the Congolese capital buzzes with rumors. In Leopoldville, where hotel bars are bursting with diplomats, reporters, foreign agents and guns-for-hire, conversations are eavesdropped on and reported. An Associated Press reporter claims to hear two Belgian pilots boasting of their plane-downing deed; a United Nations officer cables rumors of KGB involvement in the crash; and the American ambassador claims it as the work of a rogue Belgian mercenary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.014337539672852, "source": "search", "title": "Who Killed U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold? - The ..." }, { "answer": "Congo", "passage": "In the most conspiracy-rife era of our time, when the Cold War was soliciting allegiances, perhaps nowhere was ther such fodder for a Graham Greene spy thriller than central Africa. In the recently decolonized Congo, wars for control were being puppeted from thousands of miles away.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059242248535156, "source": "search", "title": "Who Killed U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold? - The ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Long Walk to Freedom", "Long Walk To Freedom", "Long Walk to Freedom (book)" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "long walk to freedom", "long walk to freedom book" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "long walk to freedom", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Long Walk To Freedom" }

[ { "answer": "Long Walk To Freedom", "passage": "In December 1994, Mandela published Long Walk to Freedom, an autobiography based around a manuscript he had written in prison, augmented by interviews conducted with American journalist Richard Stengel. In late 1994, he attended the 49th conference of the ANC in Bloemfontein, at which a more militant national executive was elected, among them Winnie Mandela; although she expressed an interest in reconciling, Nelson initiated divorce proceedings in August 1995. By 1995, he had entered into a relationship with Graça Machel, a Mozambican political activist 27 years his junior who was the widow of former president Samora Machel. They had first met in July 1990 when she was still in mourning, but their friendship grew into a partnership, with Machel accompanying him on many of his foreign visits. She turned down Mandela's first marriage proposal, wanting to retain some independence and dividing her time between Mozambique and Johannesburg.", "precise_score": -1.8577263355255127, "rough_score": -4.70428991317749, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Long Walk To Freedom", "passage": "Mandela has been depicted in cinema and television on multiple occasions. He was portrayed by Danny Glover in the 1987 HBO television film Mandela. The 1997 film Mandela and de Klerk starred Sidney Poitier as Mandela, and Dennis Haysbert played him in Goodbye Bafana (2007). In the 2009 BBC telefilm Mrs Mandela, Mandela was portrayed by David Harewood, and Morgan Freeman portrayed him in Invictus (2009). Terrence Howard portrayed him in the 2011 film Winnie Mandela. He was portrayed by Idris Elba in the 2013 film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.836630821228027, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Long Walk To Freedom", "passage": "For a personal perspective of the trials and tribulations of his life, read Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela (1995). A less detailed accounting may be found in Mandela: An Illustrated Autobiography (1996).   Nelson Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life (1992), is a collection of speeches and writings which explains Mandela's political beliefs.  Mary Benson, Nelson Mandela, The Man and the Movement (1986) is a sympathetic biography and portrait of Mandela that relies, in part, on prison interviews.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.667383193969727, "source": "search", "title": "Apartheid government of South Africa and the release of ..." }, { "answer": "Long Walk To Freedom", "passage": "Mandela wrote a book about his struggle called 'Long Walk to Freedom'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.379605293273926, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Primary History - Famous People - Nelson Mandela" }, { "answer": "Long Walk To Freedom", "passage": "These restrictions and conditions notwithstanding, while in confinement Mandela earned a bachelor of law degree from the University of London and served as a mentor to his fellow prisoners, encouraging them to seek better treatment through nonviolent resistance. He also smuggled out political statements and a draft of his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” published five years after his release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.64858341217041, "source": "search", "title": "Nelson Mandela - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Brigate rosse", "Brigate Rosse", "Red Brigades", "Red Brigade", "Brigate-Rosse", "Italian Red Brigade", "The Red Brigades", "Italian Red Brigades", "Red Brigades - Union of Combatant Communists" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "italian red brigade", "red brigades", "red brigade", "brigate rosse", "italian red brigades", "red brigades union of combatant communists" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "red brigade", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Red Brigade" }

[ { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "During the investigation of Moro's kidnapping, General Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa reportedly responded to a member of the security services who suggested torturing a suspected brigatista, \"Italy can survive the loss of Aldo Moro. It would not survive the introduction of torture.\" The Red Brigades initiated a secret trial where Moro was found guilty and sentenced to death. Then they sent demands to the Italian authorities, stating that unless 16 Red Guard prisoners were released, Moro would be killed. The Italian authorities responded with a large-scale manhunt. ", "precise_score": 6.2244672775268555, "rough_score": 7.245310306549072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On 7 April 1979, Marxist philosopher Antonio Negri was arrested along with other leaders of Autonomia Operaia (Oreste Scalzone, E. Vesce, A. Del Re, L. Ferrari Bravo, Franco Piperno and others). Pietro Calogero, an attorney close to the Italian Communist Party, accused the Autonomia group of masterminding left-wing \"terrorism\" in Italy. Negri was charged with a number of offences including leadership of the Red Brigades, being behind Moro's kidnapping and murder, and plotting to overthrow the government. A year later, he was found innocent of Moro's assassination.", "precise_score": 5.537461757659912, "rough_score": 5.936707496643066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Aldo Moro, the former Italian prime minister, who was seized at gunpoint by the Red Brigades in 1978 ", "precise_score": 6.541297912597656, "rough_score": 6.995269775390625, "source": "search", "title": "US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "In a new book called We Killed Aldo Moro, Mr Pieczenik said he was sent to Italy by President Jimmy Carter on the day that Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades, a far-Left terrorist group.", "precise_score": 9.549259185791016, "rough_score": 8.15079402923584, "source": "search", "title": "US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Thirty years ago this month, the extreme left terrorist group, the Red Brigades murdered former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro who they'd kidnapped and held for nearly two months. Moro was the head of the Christian Democratic Party, which was moving towards a parliamentary coalition with the Italian Communists, a move opposed by some in the far left and which worried western power, particularly the US. Italy's interior minister at the time was Francesco Cossiga, who took a hard line and refused to negotiate with the Red Brigades for Moro's release. In an interview with Cossiga, EuroNews has tried to get at the truth of an incredibly tangled tale involving allegations of CIA involvement and claims of vital clues sent via a Ouija board.", "precise_score": 10.554255485534668, "rough_score": 10.284337997436523, "source": "search", "title": "EuroNews - Interview - The truth about Aldo Moro's murder ..." }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Thirty years ago this month, the extreme left terrorist group, the Red Brigades murdered former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro who they’d kidnapped and held for nearly two months. Moro was the head of the Christian Democratic Party, which was moving towards a parliamentary coalition with the Italian Communists, a move opposed by some in the far left and which worried western power, particularly the US. Italy’s interior minister at the time was Francesco Cossiga, who took a hard line and refused to negotiate with the Red Brigades for Moro’s release. In an interview with Cossiga, EuroNews has tried to get at the truth of an incredibly tangled tale involving allegations of CIA involvement and claims of vital clues sent via a Ouija board.", "precise_score": 10.518462181091309, "rough_score": 10.275274276733398, "source": "search", "title": "The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? - euronews" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades", "precise_score": 6.515417098999023, "rough_score": 5.559022903442383, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades", "precise_score": 6.515417098999023, "rough_score": 5.559022903442383, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Two-time former Prime Minister Aldo Moro, leader of the Christian Democratic Party, had negotiated an agreement to form a coalition government with the Italian Communist Party (PCI) . Known as the Historic Compromise, it alarmed both right wing parties and the extreme left, including the Red Brigades, a Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group.", "precise_score": 4.3221540451049805, "rough_score": 7.837927341461182, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Steve Pieczenik, a hostage negotiator in the State Department, claimed in 2008 that Moro was “‘sacrificed’ for the ‘stability’ of Italy.” According to his book, “We Killed Aldo Moro,” the U.S. and Italian governments instructed Pieczenik to write and deliver a false statement attributed to the Red Brigades, announcing Moro’s death. Pieczenik said the statement was presented as a means of communicating to the Red Brigades that the Italian government already considered Moro dead, thereby removing the authority they leveraged through his captivity.", "precise_score": 6.634699821472168, "rough_score": 6.911455154418945, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Following the murder of Moro, the Italian government cracked down on the Red Brigades and the extreme left . More than 10,000 leftist leaders were arrested in 1980, while many of the Red Brigades’ leaders “disavowed their political doctrine and turned their comrades into the police,” reports The Florentine.", "precise_score": 5.061798572540283, "rough_score": 5.882889270782471, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Aldo Moro, the forner Italian prime minister who was murdered by the Communist Red Brigades in 1978, may become beatified, the first step toward sainthood, according to the Rome Diocese.", "precise_score": 8.679788589477539, "rough_score": 9.445806503295898, "source": "search", "title": "Former Italian PM Aldo Moro, From Murder Victim To Sainthood?" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "In one of the most traumatic events of post-war Italian history, Moro, who had served as prime minister for the Christian Democratic party in two separate terms, was abducted in Rome on March 16, 1978, by the Red Brigades, who killed five of his bodyguards in the most brazen terrorist attack in Italy's bloody 1970s. ", "precise_score": 8.916996002197266, "rough_score": 8.390719413757324, "source": "search", "title": "Former Italian PM Aldo Moro, From Murder Victim To Sainthood?" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On May 9, 1978, the body of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is found, riddled by bullets, in the back of a car in the center of historic Rome. He was kidnapped by Red Brigade terrorists on March 16 after a bloody shoot-out near his suburban home. The Italian government refused to negotiate with the extreme left-wing group, which, after numerous threats, executed Moro on May 9. He was a five-time prime minister of Italy and considered a front-runner for the presidency of Italy in elections due in December.", "precise_score": 9.239038467407227, "rough_score": 9.73719310760498, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "According to a wish expressed by Moro during his abduction, no Italian politicians were invited to his funeral. During the next decade, many Red Brigade leaders and members were arrested, and the organization was greatly weakened.", "precise_score": 2.6569931507110596, "rough_score": 5.469063758850098, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades was a Marxist-Leninist left wing terrorist group active in Italy in the 1970s and early 1980s.  Known as ‘Brigate Rosse’ in Italian and sometimes shortened to BR, their main aim was to force Italy to leave the NATO alliance. They are most famous for the kidnap and murder of former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978. During their long history of political and at times somewhat random violence they carried out approximately 14,000 acts of violence.", "precise_score": 9.133698463439941, "rough_score": 7.995754241943359, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The most famous crime committed by the Red Brigades was in 1978, when they kidnapped and 56 days later murdered the politician Aldo Moro. The attack was well organised with members using stolen Alitalia plane company uniforms, and carrying out an ambush which left five of Moro’s bodyguards dead and him a prisoner of the Red Brigade. The Brigade wanted a semi official status as ‘insurgents’ but the Government refused to negotiate despite various pleading letters from Moro to his family , friends and even the Pope.  The terrorists started to fear discovery and had lost faith with the chance of getting what they wanted so shot Moro more than ten times and as a final insult to the police dumped his body in a car near the Christian Democratic Party headquarters in Rome, despite the city being under tight surveillance. The murder was counter productive, Aldo Moro had been a popular figure to people from both ends of the political spectrum, and the Italian left wing condemned the murder as did some of the imprisoned Brigade leaders. A further blow to the Brigade’s popularity came in 1979 when they shot and killed Guido Rossa, a popular trade Union official who had reported Brigade members for distributing propaganda. This killing lost the organisation much of the support from the factory workers.", "precise_score": 8.392711639404297, "rough_score": 7.893702030181885, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "March 16, 1978: The BR kidnapped Aldo Moro, president of the Christian Democratic party and a former prime minister. In the attack, members of the Red Brigades killed five of Moro's bodyguards. On April 15, a BR communiqué announced that a \"People's Tribunal\" (Tribunale del Popolo) had tried Moro and had condemned him to death for his role in the \"counter-revolutionary function of the [Christian Democrats].\" Until May, however, BR communiqués offered to exchange Moro for 13 imprisoned BR members, including founders Franceschini and Curcio. The Italian government refused. Police found Moro's body in a car on May 9, 1978. (1 killed). [45]", "precise_score": 7.3647613525390625, "rough_score": 9.044921875, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "A leader of Christian Democracy (Democrazia Cristiana, DC), Moro was considered an intellectual and a patient mediator, especially in the internal life of his party. He was kidnapped on 16 March 1978 by the Red Brigades and killed after 55 days of captivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8217329382896423, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On 16 March 1978, on Via Fani, a street in Rome, a unit of the militant Communist organisation known as the Red Brigades () blocked the two-car convoy transporting Moro and kidnapped him, murdering his five bodyguards. At the time, all of the founding members of the Red Brigades were in jail; therefore, the organisation led by Mario Moretti that kidnapped Moro is said to be the \"Second Red Brigades\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8733069896698, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades proposed to exchange Moro's life for the freedom of several prisoners. There has been speculation that during his detention many knew where he was (in an apartment in Rome). When Moro was abducted, the government immediately took a hard line position: the \"State must not bend\" on 'terrorist demands'. Some contrasted this with the kidnapping of Ciro Cirillo in 1981, a minor political figure for whom the government negotiated. However, Cirillo was released for a monetary ransom, rather than the release of the imprisoned extremists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.256685495376587, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Romano Prodi, Mario Baldassarri, and Alberto Clò, of the faculty of the University of Bologna passed on a tip about a safe-house where the Red Brigades might have been holding Moro on 2 April. Prodi claimed he had been given the tip by the founders of the Christian Democrats, from beyond the grave in a séance and a Ouija board, which gave the names of Viterbo, Bolsena and Gradoli. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.641731023788452, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "When the Red Brigades decided to murder Moro, they placed him in a car and told him to cover himself with a blanket saying that they were going to transport him to another location. After Moro was covered they shot him ten times. According to the official reconstruction after a series of trials, the killer was Mario Moretti. Moro's body was left in the trunk of a red Renault 4 on Via Michelangelo Caetani towards the Tiber River near the Roman Ghetto. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.678403615951538, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Left wing writers have accused the United States as responsible for Moro's death. The \"Gladio network\", directed by NATO, has also been accused. Historian Sergio Flamigni, a member of the Communist Refoundation Party, believes Moretti was used by Gladio in Italy to take over the Red Brigades and pursue a strategy of tension.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.06912592798471451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "In Red Brigades member Alberto Franceschini's book, and finally acquitted by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.713713645935059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "He alleged that the U.S. had to \"instrumentalize the Red Brigades,\" and that the decision to have him killed was taken during the fourth week of Moro's detention, when he started revealing state secrets through his letters (allegedly the existence of Gladio). Francesco Cossiga also said the \"crisis committee\" also leaked a false statement, attributed to the Red Brigades, saying that Moro was dead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.551053285598755, "source": "wiki", "title": "Aldo Moro" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "A false statement, attributed to the Red Brigades, was leaked saying that Moro was dead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.996614456176758, "source": "search", "title": "US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Mr Pieczenick said that this had a dual purpose; to prepare the Italian public for the worst, and to let the Red Brigades know that the state would not negotiate for Moro, and considered him already dead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.987362384796143, "source": "search", "title": "US envoy admits role in Aldo Moro killing - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "EuroNews : “You’ve been accused of refusing to negotiate with the Red Brigades, because you actually wanted Moro to be killed.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3101768493652344, "source": "search", "title": "The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? - euronews" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Cossiga: “There are some who don’t want to accept this one thing: that Aldo Moro was killed by the Red Brigades. Some in the former Christian Democratic Party – who turned Moro into an icon, a left-winger, an enemy of the United States – they don’t want to accept that Moro was killed by people from the left. It must inevitably be that he was killed by the right, by the Americans, by the CIA. Otherwise, it just doesn’t work for them.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7643425464630127, "source": "search", "title": "The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? - euronews" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "EuroNews: “A US hostage negotiator, Steve Pieczenik, who you brought to Italy to advise on getting Moro released, has said that a statement – supposedly from the Red Brigades – that Moro’s body was in Lake Duchessa, 100 kilometres north of Rome was false and put out by the government. He implied that statement was intended to test what Italian public opinion would be to Moro’s death.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2754307985305786, "source": "search", "title": "The truth about Aldo Moro's murder? - euronews" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The extreme left-wing Red Brigade, in a telephone call to a Rome newspaper, has said it kidnapped the Christian Democratic leader, 61.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.648441314697266, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1978: Aldo Moro snatched at gunpoint" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Red Brigade spokesman", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.050125122070312, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1978: Aldo Moro snatched at gunpoint" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The man demanded that the Turin trial of Renato Curcio, who is suspected of leading the Red Brigade, and 14 others accused of membership of the group should be suspended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.516543388366699, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 16 | 1978: Aldo Moro snatched at gunpoint" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "“The Red Brigades completely opposed this idea, as it interfered with the declared aim of spearheading an armed Marxist revolution in Italy, led by a ‘revolutionary proletariat,’” explains The Florentine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.985335350036621, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On the morning on March 16, as Moro was en route to the House of Representatives to enact the compromise, a dozen members of Red Brigades launched an assault on his car. The extremists shot and killed five of Moro’s bodyguards and abducted him, taking him to a safe house.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.173837423324585, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades demanded the release of 13 leftist prisoners in exchange for Moro . Throughout his captivity, Moro was allowed to send letters to political allies and family members, in which he pled with the Italian government cooperate with the terrorists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.427304983139038, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Despite pleas from his friends, family and Pope Paul VI, the Italian government, which had negotiated with the Red Brigades in previous situations, refused to negotiate for Moro . On May 9, Moro’s body was found in the trunk of a ca r, parked symbolically between the headquarters of the Christian Democrats and the Communist Party.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2096805572509766, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "A 1978 article by journalist Mino Pecorelli, who was murdered the following year, said that the kidnapping had “the hallmark of a lucid superpower.” Pecorelli suggested that the Gladio, a covert anti-communist network in NATO, aided the Red Brigades in the kidnapping.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.370079040527344, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "There are also many people who believe that, even if the Red Brigades carried out the kidnapping without outside help, there were governmental figures who wanted Moro to be killed and obstructed efforts to save him .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.254699230194092, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Brigate Rosse, known as the Red Brigades, was created in 1970s by radical Marxist-Leninist students who wished to see the overthrow off the capitalist system. The most active of Italy’s paramilitary groups during the “Year of Lead,” the Red Brigades became famous for the kidnapping of prominent Italian officials and industrialists .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.074034690856934, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Due to the crackdown, Red Brigades fissured around the mid-1980s, splitting off into The New Red Brigades/Communist Combatant Party and the Union of Combatant Communists. The New Brigades inherited the militancy of the original Red Brigades . The New Red Brigades claimed responsibility for the assassinations of labor minister advisor Massimo D’Antona in 1999, professor Marco Biagi in 2002 and a police officer in 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.466672897338867, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Aldo Moro Kidnapped by the Italian Red Brigades" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Looking back at the explosive testimony by Guerzoni linking Kissinger to the Moro assassination, it is interesting to note it was covered extensively by the Italian media, but not a peep was heard in the U.S. as the big from the wire services and the Post and Time suppressed every word of the Guerzoni testimony to the American public. The mainstream media further suppressed key testimony by several Red Brigades members about how Moro was brutally shot to death and how they knew of high-level U.S. involvement in the plot to kill Moro.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.514949083328247, "source": "search", "title": "Illuminati News: Was The Assassination Of The Former ..." }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Mario Moretti, the leader of the Red Brigades, who admitted to organizing the kidnapping and murder of Moro, was eventually sentenced to six life terms in prison. However, he was paroled in the 1990s and is allowed to work outside of prison by day, while returning at night. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.606818675994873, "source": "search", "title": "Former Italian PM Aldo Moro, From Murder Victim To Sainthood?" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "In the wake of Moro’s disappearance and killing, conspiracy theories have abounded, some even suggesting that the Red Brigades were not the real culprits, but rather the patsies of reactionaries who wanted Moro’s removal from Italy’s body politic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.838608741760254, "source": "search", "title": "Former Italian PM Aldo Moro, From Murder Victim To Sainthood?" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On March 11, 1978, he helped end a government crisis when he worked out a parliamentary coalition between the Communist Party and the dominant Christian Democrats. Just five days later, Mr. Moro’s car was attacked by a dozen armed Red Brigade terrorists. His five guards were killed, and Moro was abducted and taken to a secret location. On March 18, the Red Brigade issued a communique claiming responsibility for the kidnapping and stating that Moro would undergo a “people’s trial.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.879401206970215, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigade, established in 1970 by Italian Renato Curcio, employed bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and bank robberies as a means of promoting communist revolution in Italy. The Italian Communist Party, which supported democracy and participated in Parliament, condemned the terrorist Red Brigade, and the Red Brigade accused the Communist Party of being a pawn of the bourgeoisie. Renato Curcio and 12 other Red Brigade members were on trial in Turin when Moro was kidnapped, and legal proceedings were only briefly halted after his abduction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.362692832946777, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Italian government declined to negotiate with the kidnappers, claiming that such an action would undermine the state and throw Italy into chaos. Some critics accused the Christian Democrats of yielding to pressure from the Communist Party, whose leaders were even more strongly opposed to a dialogue with the Red Brigade. Police and the army arrested hundreds of suspected terrorists and scoured the country looking for the “people’s prison” where Moro was being held but failed to find any solid clues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1890320777893066, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On March 19 and April 4, letters apparently freely written by Moro were delivered pleading with the government to negotiate. The government attempted secret talks, but on April 15 the Red Brigade rejected these negotiations and announced that Moro had been found guilty in the people’s trial and sentenced to death. Threats to execute him led nowhere, and on April 24 the terrorists demanded the release of 13 Red Brigade members held in Turin in exchange for Moro’s life. On May 7, Moro sent a farewell letter to his wife, saying, “They have told me that they are going to kill me in a little while, I kiss you for the last time.” Two days later, his body was found on Via Caetani, within 300 yards of the headquarters of the Christian Democrats and 200 yards from the Communist Party headquarters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.15027779340744019, "source": "search", "title": "Aldo Moro found dead - May 09, 1978 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Red Brigade Terrorist Group", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.280246257781982, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "As with many Cold War European terrorist groups they were founded by radical students, in the case of the Red Brigades by Renato Curcio, Alberto Franceschini and Mara Cagol in 1970. In the beginning there were two main groups, that of the Trento Group with strong ties to the sociology Department of a catholic university and the Reggio Emilia group headed by Franceschini which recruited mainly from the Communist youth movement. At first the groups’ areas of operations were around the University and in the industrial factories of Milan, both areas a rich source of recruits. Operations were fairly low level, mainly factory sabotage and burglary but did include a brief kidnapping in 1972. This was about to change when the Red Brigades began to get direct aid for the Soviet block via Czechoslovakia. By 1974 the Red Brigades had committed their first murder and become a totally covert terrorist organisation, although an earlier lethal petrol bombing was mistaken blamed on the Red Brigade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.16861100494861603, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "In September 1974 an Italian secret service agent infiltrated the organisation and his information lead to the arrest of Curcio and Franceschini who were both sentenced to 18 years. Curcio was briefly rescued but soon re captured. Kidnapping now became the organisation’s modus operandi with the taking of several industrialists and politicians, mainly to gain ransom money to fund the organisation. The organisation was supported during its heyday by Soviet small arms and explosives provided by Czechoslovakia often via the PLO and smuggling routes for heroin, as well as training for members in Syrian camps and in Prague. (See state sponsored terrorism ).  This support lead to friction between the Italian communist party and the KGB who refused to cut off support to the Red Brigades. As the Brigades became more radical and violent they also expanded into other regions of Italy striking against big industry and corporations. In 1975 a police attempt to rescue a hostage lead to a violent gun battle which left two police officers and Mara Cagol dead. This led to a campaign against Police and magistrates especially those who had been involved in the conviction of Red Brigade members.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3627149760723114, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "On the back of this loss in support the police made large inroads against the organisation arresting thousands of activists and forcing many others to flee to France or South America. Many those captured turned evidence and provided information to help capture other members in order to reduce their own prison sentences. Despite this decline in influence the Red Brigades were far from finished - on December 17th 1981 a small group kidnapped US Army Brigadier General Dozier who was at that time Deputy Chief of Staff for NATO Southern Land forces.  42 days later the General was rescued by Italian Special Forces from the apartment where he was being held. Despite this alarming swansong the organisation was in its death throes and in 1984 it split into two factions and many of its former leaders renounced the idea of armed struggle while the support from the Soviet Block dried up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4060893058776855, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Isolated killings continued with the murders of the US Sinai Multinational Force commander Leamon Hunt in 1984, the ex-mayor of Florence Lando Conti in February 1986, General Licio Giorgieri in 1987, and Senator Roberto Ruffilli in 1988.  Police operations in response led to many arrests and the Red Brigades had virtually ceased to exist as a meaningful entity by the end of 1988. A remnant of the group still exists, possibly a new group with very little connection to the old Red Brigades. It briefly resurfaced in the 1990s and early 2000s murdering several government advisors and some police in gunfights. On October 23rd 2003 police raids in several areas of Italy, including Rome and Sardinia led to the arrest of several members of this group, four of whom were sentenced to life imprisonment in June 2005. It is possible other isolated cells remain and the Red Brigades were certainly a long time in dying even after Soviet support was cut off at the end of the Cold War, but any threat they still pose is more one of criminal activity than any meaningful political action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1787941455841064, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "How to cite this article: Dugdale-Pointon, T. (19 November 2007), The Red Brigade Terrorist Group, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_red_brigades.html", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.219395637512207, "source": "search", "title": "The Red Brigade Terrorist Group - Military History" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015899658203125, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "September 17, 1970: The Red Brigades set fire to the car of a factory manager in Milan. (0 killed) [1]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.280268669128418, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "April 16, 1988: The Red Brigades kidnapped a chemical engineer in Mestre. (No reported casualties) [2]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.639289855957031, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades was Italy's largest, longest lasting, and most broadly diffused left-wing terrorist group. At its peak the organization had thousands of active members and supporters, with its strongest presence in the industrial cities of Northern Italy. [3] It sought to overthrow the democratic Italian state and replace it with a dictatorship of the proletariat. Its primary targets were symbols of capitalism and the Italian state. These included politicians, especially those of the center-right Christian Democratic party, law enforcement, and factories. The organization cast its armed activities as acts of self-defense, undertaken on behalf of workers facing repression from factory bosses and police. [4]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.546278953552246, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The first pamphlet signed by the Red Brigades – then using the singular \"Red Brigade,\" or \"Brigata Rossa\" – appeared at a Sit-Siemens plant in Milan in 1970 [5] , but the roots of the organization extend back to the late 1960s, as student and worker demonstrations spread throughout Italy and protestors increasingly clashed violently with the police. The fall of 1968, known as the \"autunno caldo\" or \"hot autumn,\" marked a high point in such violence as well as an organizational turning point as workers began to form collectives as alternatives to existing trade unions. The Red Brigades' founders are believed to have decided to take up arms during a November 28, 1969 meeting of the Metropolitan Political Collective (Collettivo Politico Metropolitano), a coordinating group of leftist student and worker movements, in Chiavari in the province of Genoa. [6]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.629101753234863, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Members of the Red Brigades attacked property rather than people until 1972; arson against factory managers' cars was particularly common, as were raids against the offices of right-wing organizations. [9] Beginning with the 1974 kidnapping of a Genoa magistrate, the Red Brigades expanded their attacks to include politicians and employees of the state. An April 1975 BR document outlining the organization's \"Strategic Direction\" identified Italy's long-dominant Christian Democratic party \"the principal enemy.\" [10] The number of BR-directed attacks, including kidnappings and shootings, spiked between 1977 and 1979. The organization's best-known attack of the period was the kidnapping and killing of Christian Democratic leader and former prime minister Aldo Moro in 1978. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.878817558288574, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades' activities began to decline in 1980. Members began being arrested at higher rates, and those arrested began increasingly to cooperate with authorities, leading to the capture of more members. The group split numerous times over the period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.267680168151855, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades ceased to exist as a unified organization around 1981. Its core successor, the Red Brigades Fighting Communist Party (BR-PCC) continued to stage high-profile attacks throughout the decade. The Red Brigades' original leaders, many of them in jail, continued to guide the BR-PCC until formally declaring the armed struggle finished in 1988. [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.084806442260742, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Attacks have been carried out in Italy under the name \"Red Brigades\" as late as 2002, though the attackers are likely not formally connected to the original organization. [12]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.91480541229248, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Antonio Savasta (Unknown to 1982): Savasta was the leader of the Venice branch of the Red Brigades. He was arrested in 1982. [13]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.33536434173584, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Margherita Cagol (1970 to 1975): One of the founders of the Red Brigades, Cagol was Curcio's wife. She was killed in a shootout with police in June 1975. [14]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.525667190551758, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Mario Moretti (1970 to 1981): Moretti was a founding member of the Red Brigades and confessed to having personally fired the shots that killed Christian Democratic Leader Aldo Moro. He was arrested in 1981 and freed in 1998. [15]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4593868255615234, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades sought to seize political power in Italy with a strategy combining elements of the Maoist cultural revolution in China and the Leninist Bolshevik revolution in Russia. The \"dictatorship of the proletariat\" would be achieved in three phases; first, a period of \"armed propaganda,\" followed by an attack on the \"heart of the state,\" followed by a state of \"generalized civil war\" which would end with the overthrow of the state. [17]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.505770683288574, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades got some revenue from kidnappings for ransom and from theft, which is also how they often acquired weapons. In absorbing smaller militant groups, the Red Brigades also took on their material assets, including those of the Gruppi di Azione Partigiana (GAP), which was financed by millionaire publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli until his death in 1972. [22] The group Soccorso Rosso (Red Aid) provided free legal services to left-wing operatives. By October 31, 1982, Italian police had discovered and dismantled some 200 bases belonging to the BR. [23]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.829763889312744, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades were influenced in their ideology and methods by leftist and militant movements all over the world. As elements of the Italian left moved toward a strategy of political violence in 1967 and 1968, Uruguay's Tupamaros provided a model of urban guerilla warfare at the same time that Palestinian nationalist terrorism became more prominent in the wake of the Six-Day war of 1967. [24] Philosophically, the BR borrowed from Lenin and Mao. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.0502347946167, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "More formally, members of the Red Brigades had contact with other Western European militant movements extant in the 1970s, especially Germany's Red Army Faction (RAF), whose 1977 kidnapping of business leader Hans Schleyer was the model for the Aldo Moro kidnapping a year later. [25] The BR are also believed to have had some connection with France's Actione Direct (AD) and have allegedly provided training for them. [26]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7286436557769775, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Former Red Brigades members have told authorities that the BR acquired weapons from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), with Libya acting as intermediary, beginning in 1978 or before. [27] BR founders Renato Curcio and Margherita Cagol visited Cuba. [28] There is disputed evidence that the Red Brigades may have received funding from \"Eastern bloc\" communist countries including Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria. [29] One former brigadier has denied these contacts, saying \"The RB was formally prohibited from having contact, making liaison, or receiving assistance from the Eastern Bloc.\" [30] A training camp outside of Benghazi, Libya was allegedly used by Italian terrorists. Former members of the Red Brigades have denied press accounts of training abroad, however, saying that the BR instead used abandoned mines in Italy's mountains as training sites. [31]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8267412185668945, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Italian terrorist organizations of both the left and right were active primarily in the northwest and center of Italy. Left-wing groups concentrated on Milan, Turin, and Rome, whereas the militant right was most active in Milan and Rome. The BR was the only one of these groups with a strong presence in Genoa. [32] The merger with NAP gave the Red Brigades a foothold in Naples and elsewhere in the more-agrarian south, but the Red Brigades had difficulty sustaining formal \"columns\" there, particularly after NAP dissolved. [33] Though the BR had its strongest presence in the cities listed above, the organization was active in at least 16 of Italy's 20 regions over its lifespan. [34]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.060388565063477, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades typically attacked factories and the offices of right-wing targets such as political parties or certain trade unions. In its first few years such attacks were only against property and most often took the form of office raids and car arson. Early Red Brigades communiqués describe such attacks as punishments for specific \"anti-worker\" actions, such as the firing of a coworker: \"For every comrade they hit, one of them must pay,\" or, more generally, \"for every eye, two eyes; for every tooth, an entire face.\" Thus, when in late 1970 \"first the bosses, then the unions\" of Milan's Pirelli plant fired a 50-year-old mechanic, \"one of them, precisely the 'first on the list' (as suggested by many of the factory workers), found his car destroyed.\" [35]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.856002807617188, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades' 1971 \"self-interview\" describes such methods as a form of \"armed propaganda,\" which served both to recruit new members and to demonstrate \"the conniving between power groups and/or apparently separate institutions.\" [36]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93453311920166, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades claimed its first attack against an individual on March 3, 1972, with the kidnapping of a Sit-Siemens plant manager. They released him the same day. After 1972, the Red Brigades carried out targeted killings and kidnappings of factory managers, magistrates, and political figures, particularly members of the Christian Democratic party. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.023871421813965, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades did not carry out mass-casualty explosive attacks. There were four such attacks in Italy between 1969 and 1980, all attributed to right-wing terrorists. [40]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.103618621826172, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades abandoned overt political activity after a wave of arrests in 1972. [41]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.529874801635742, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "April 18, 1974: Kidnapping of Genoa Assistant State Attorney Mario Sossi. Sossi was the sixth person, and the first state employee, kidnapped by the Red Brigades. In its claim of responsibility, the BR called the kidnapping an attack \"on the heart of the state.\" The group released him on May 23 in exchange for a court order, later blocked, to release eight BR-affiliated prisoners. (). [42]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0664825439453125, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "May 20, 1981: The Red Brigades kidnapped a chemical engineer in Mestre. It was the last attack claimed with the name \"Red Brigades\" as the organization split into factions. (0). [46]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.558873176574707, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The Red Brigades was the largest left-wing terrorist organization in Italy, and most other left-wing Italian terrorist groups had some relationship to it as either rivals or allies. Other organizations later split off from the BR or were absorbed by it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.760502338409424, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The BR's most important ideological rival was Front Line (PL), the second-largest left-wing terrorist group in Italy. Several of the PL's founders were dissident members of the BR who left the group because of its strict hierarchy and the centrality of the armed struggle to its political agenda. The PL viewed the hierarchy as counterproductive, and the armed struggle as merely a tactic in a larger political program. The Red Brigades may have begun to cooperate with the PL in the late 1970s as the smaller organization declined and began calling for a unified proletarian force. The BR's symbol, a five-pointed star, appeared on the PL's claim of responsibility for a 1979 attack on a Turin school. [47]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.971792221069336, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The BR absorbed several other smaller groups as well, including Partisan Action Groups (GAP), which merged with the Red Brigades in 1970 after itself absorbing the October XXII Circle. [50]  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949385643005371, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "The BR itself began to decline with the arrest of many of its leaders in the early 1980s. The group split; its main successors were the Red Brigades Walter Alasia Column (BR-WA), the Red Brigades Guerrila Party (BR-PG), and the Red Brigades Fighting Communist Party (BR-PCC).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.819741249084473, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Red Brigade", "passage": "Leftist extraparliamentary organizations represented a recruitment pool and a source of logistical and public relations support for the BR, especially Workers' Autonomy (Autonomia Operaia, AUTOP) and Workers' Power (Potere Operaiao, POTOP or PO). [51] This latter group formally dissolved in 1973, though prosecutors investigating the case argued that the \"dissolution\" was a cover for members' deciding to take up arms with the Red Brigades and others. [52]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.424389839172363, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Brigate rosse", "passage": "^ Brigaterosse.org. \"Breve storia delle Brigate Rosse (1970-1987), Parte III.\" Last updated March 15, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2012, from http://www.brigaterosse.org/brigaterosse/storia/storia3.htm .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.981375694274902, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" }, { "answer": "Brigate rosse", "passage": "^ Brigate Rosse, \"Prima intervista a se stessi,\" 1971. Available: http://www.brigaterosse.org/brigaterosse/documenti/archivio/doc0001.htm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186046600341797, "source": "search", "title": "Red Brigades | Mapping Militant Organizations" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Afghanistan", "Avghanistaun", "Soviet-occupied Afghanistan", "Afganhistan", "Afghanestan", "Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān", "Afghanastan", "Afeganistao", "Afgjanistan", "Afghanistan/Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia", "AfghanistaN", "Afghanistan, Rep. of.", "Afganistan", "Afghanistan-Central Asia", "Afghanistan (1911 Encyclopedia)", "Afghansitan", "Afgahanistan", "IROA", "Kinetic action", "A-Stan", "Afghanstan", "Afğānistān", "AFGHANISTAN", "Afghānistān", "I.R.O.A.", "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan", "افغانستان", "Afghinastan", "The Graveyard of Empires", "Affghanistan", "Afghanistan, I.S. of", "Etymology of Afghanistan", "The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "Islamic Transitional Government of Afghanistan", "ISO 3166-1:AF", "Afghnistan", "د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان", "Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat", "Da Afghanistan Islami Dawlat Dawlat-e Eslami-e Afghanestan" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "stan", "afghanistan 1911 encyclopedia", "afghansitan", "graveyard of empires", "afganistan", "dowlat e eslami ye afghanestan", "afğānistān", "afgahanistan", "afghanastan", "afghanstan", "soviet occupied afghanistan", "afgjanistan", "affghanistan", "islamic republic of afghanistan", "i r o", "iroa", "afghanistan rep of", "afghanistan central asia", "jomhūrī ye eslāmī ye afġānestān", "afeganistao", "islamic transitional government of afghanistan", "afghānistān", "da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat e eslami e afghanestan", "afghanistan", "afghanistan article from 1911 encyclopedia", "iso 3166 1 af", "د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان", "afganhistan", "kinetic action", "afghinastan", "etymology of afghanistan", "avghanistaun", "afghnistan", "افغانستان", "afghanistan i s of", "afghanestan", "da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "afghanistan", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Afghanistan" }

[ { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan, crossing on foot the Friendship Bridge spanning the Amu-Daria river on 15 February 1989, the day the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan was completed. He received the highest military award – the golden star of the Hero of the Soviet Union after Operation Magistral had lifted the siege of the city of Khost in eastern Afghanistan.", "precise_score": 8.9840669631958, "rough_score": 8.986392974853516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Gromov" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan", "precise_score": 1.9605838060379028, "rough_score": 4.473839282989502, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan", "precise_score": 1.9605838060379028, "rough_score": 4.473839282989502, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "OSCOW -- The last Soviet soldier came home from Afghanistan this morning, the Soviet Union announced, leaving behind a war that had become a domestic burden and an international embarrassment for Moscow.", "precise_score": 1.7409038543701172, "rough_score": 3.9655637741088867, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Lieut. Gen. Boris V. Gromov, the commander of the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, walked across the steel Friendship Bridge to the border city of Termez, in Uzbekistan, at 11:55 A.M. local time (1:55 A.M., Eastern time), 9 years and 50 days after Soviet troops intervened to support a coup by a Marxist ally. 'Our Stay Ends'", "precise_score": 4.8430657386779785, "rough_score": 3.64996075630188, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "KABUL, Afghanistan — Lt. Gen. Boris Gromov, commander of Soviet forces in Afghanistan, became the last Soviet soldier to leave the embattled country when he crossed into the Soviet border town of Termez at 9:55 a.m Moscow time today, the official Soviet news agency Tass reported.", "precise_score": 8.455702781677246, "rough_score": 8.053336143493652, "source": "search", "title": "Afghan Pullout: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave - latimes" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan | History.info", "precise_score": 4.123697280883789, "rough_score": 6.277411460876465, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan", "precise_score": 4.9545769691467285, "rough_score": 7.1100172996521, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On this day in 1989 Soviet general Boris Gromov became the last to symbolically cross the bridge on the border between Afghanistan and the USSR. Specifically, the bridge is located on the Amu-Darya river, today the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan (the latter was once part of the USSR).", "precise_score": 7.828121185302734, "rough_score": 8.572930335998535, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "This morning, at least, Lieut. Gen. Boris V. Gromov did not disappoint them. The trim 45-year-old commander of Soviet forces in Afghanistan hopped off his armored personnel carrier and strode calmly across the bridge to Soviet territory, where he was met by a Soviet television crew.", "precise_score": 4.662099361419678, "rough_score": 3.1023378372192383, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "During the Soviet war in Afghanistan , Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan, crossing on foot the Friendship Bridge spanning the Amu-Daria river on 15 February 1989, the day the Soviet pullout from Afghanistan was completed. He received the highest military award – the golden star of the Hero of the Soviet Union after Operation Magistral had lifted the siege of the city of Khost in eastern Afghanistan.", "precise_score": 8.9840669631958, "rough_score": 8.986392974853516, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Gromov - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On February 15, 1989, Commanding General Boris Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan, walking across the Friendship Bridge that connected that war-torn country with what was then Soviet Uzbekistan.", "precise_score": 10.742396354675293, "rough_score": 10.06827163696289, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Nearly 15,000 soldiers, advisors, and other Soviet officials died during the war that Moscow launched in December 1979. Today, Gromov is convinced there are no military solutions to political problems in Afghanistan. He spoke at a recent Moscow news conference.", "precise_score": 2.6809916496276855, "rough_score": 4.829762935638428, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "General Gromov says the mission of Soviet forces in Afghanistan was never to achieve a military victory, but to help that country's pro-Soviet leaders fight drug trafficking and to defend Afghan pipelines, roads and cities against terrorist attacks.", "precise_score": 1.3912047147750854, "rough_score": 0.98259437084198, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On February 15, 1989, Commanding General Boris Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan, walking across the Friendship Bridge that connected that war-torn country with what was then Soviet Uzbekistan.", "precise_score": 10.742396354675293, "rough_score": 10.06827163696289, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Nearly 15,000 soldiers, advisors, and other Soviet officials died during the war that Moscow launched in December 1979. Today, Gromov is convinced there are no military solutions to political problems in Afghanistan. He spoke at a recent Moscow news conference.", "precise_score": 2.6809916496276855, "rough_score": 4.829762935638428, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "General Gromov says the mission of Soviet forces in Afghanistan was never to achieve a military victory, but to help that country's pro-Soviet leaders fight drug trafficking and to defend Afghan pipelines, roads and cities against terrorist attacks.", "precise_score": 1.3912047147750854, "rough_score": 0.98259437084198, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On February 15, 1989, Commanding General Boris Gromov was the last Soviet soldier to leave Afghanistan, walking across the Friendship Bridge that connected that war-torn country with what was then Soviet Uzbekistan.", "precise_score": 10.742396354675293, "rough_score": 10.06827163696289, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Nearly 15,000 soldiers, advisors, and other Soviet officials died during the war that Moscow launched in December 1979. Today, Gromov is convinced there are no military solutions to political problems in Afghanistan. He spoke at a recent Moscow news conference.", "precise_score": 2.6809916496276855, "rough_score": 4.829762935638428, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "General Gromov says the mission of Soviet forces in Afghanistan was never to achieve a military victory, but to help that country's pro-Soviet leaders fight drug trafficking and to defend Afghan pipelines, roads and cities against terrorist attacks.", "precise_score": 1.3912047147750854, "rough_score": 0.98259437084198, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "* Medal \"In memory of the 10th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan\" (Belarus, 13 February 2003) - for his great personal contribution to the development and strengthening of cooperation between movements of Afghan War Veterans of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation [56] [57]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.909937858581543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Gromov" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "* Medal \"Fidelity\" (Afghanistan, 17 November 1988)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.075628280639648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Gromov" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "* Order of the Red Banner (Afghanistan)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.457751274108887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boris Gromov" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Today's final departure is the end of a steady process of withdrawal since last spring, when Moscow says, there were 100,300 Soviet troops in Afghanistan. At the height of the Soviet commitment, according to Western intelligence estimates, there were 115,000 troops deployed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.020233631134033, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The war cost the Soviet Union roughly 15,000 lives and undisclosed billions of rubles. It scarred a generation of young people and undermined the cherished image of an invincible Soviet Army. Moscow's involvement in Afghanistan was often compared to the American experience in the Vietnam War, in which more than 58,000 Americans died.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46537971496582, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Yet in contrast with the joy at leaving Afghanistan, Soviet press reports told of insurgents massing outside Kabul, the Afghan capital, and other major cities, and of Afghan Army regulars deserting in droves. The reports seemed intended to brace the public for the possibility that defeat would follow retreat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.014039039611816, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "An estimated 250 Soviet civilians were believed to have stayed on at the Soviet Embassy in Kabul after the troops left. Perfilyev said he did know how many military advisers, \"if any,\" were still in Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6103196144104, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The official who negotiated the Geneva accords, Diego Cordovez of Ecuador, said at the United Nations today that he believed that fewer than 10 Soviet military advisers would remain in Afghanistan after the withdrawal, principally as embassy guards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.97562313079834, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A Government statement on the troop withdrawal said the responsibility for a blood bath in Afghanistan now would largely rest on the guerrillas' suppliers. Onus for Further Conflict", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360210418701172, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The rebels insist that they will not take part in a coalition that retains Najibullah or his Communist political grouping, the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. But their own efforts to coalesce have faltered over issues of ideology and power sharing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433600425720215, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "\"One can question the Brezhnev leadership's assessment of the military threat,\" the commentary said. \"One can say that in the future such vital issues as the use of troops must not be decided in secrecy, without the approval of the country's Parliament.\" What Has Been Learned? Other commentators, who have been constrained while Soviet soldiers were still fighting on Afghan territory, can now be expected to question more pointedly how the Soviet Union got into Afghanistan, what it did there, why it stayed so long and what lessons it has learned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.841947555541992, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The article, by Gennadi Bocharov, who has written extensively from Afghanistan since 1979, told of Soviet troops firing on a carload of civilians after they refused to stop at a border checkpoint and ignored a warning shot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.641624450683594, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Geneva accords introduced United Nations observers to watch the troops depart, but the agreements' other painstakingly negotiated provisions, promising an end to all outside intervention in Afghanistan, were generally ignored.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447580337524414, "source": "search", "title": "Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Today was the deadline for troop withdrawal under a U.N.-sponsored accord designed to end the nine-year Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.363380432128906, "source": "search", "title": "Afghan Pullout: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave - latimes" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The departure of the troops complied with the Feb. 15 withdrawal deadline set by the U.N.-mediated accords signed by Afghanistan and Pakistan in April.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388072967529297, "source": "search", "title": "Afghan Pullout: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave - latimes" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Photo Credit To https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/RIAN_archive_58833_Withdrawal_of_Soviet_troops_from_Afghanistan.jpg/438px-RIAN_archive_58833_Withdrawal_of_Soviet_troops_from_Afghanistan.jpg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135600090026855, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "On this day in 1989 the process of withdrawing Soviet military forces from Afghanistan was officially declared complete.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.384096622467041, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The Soviets had held Afghanistan since 1979 (towards the end of that year they conducted an invasion of Afghanistan, killed the Afghan president and captured his palace).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.791577339172363, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "At the peak of the occupation, the USSR deployed over 100,000 soldiers to Afghanistan. Seeing the situation is untenable, the Soviets started withdrawing from the country in May 1988. The complete withdrawal of around 100,000 people took around 10 months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6583991050720215, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Over 14,400 Soviet soldiers died during the occupation of Afghanistan, and over 53,000 were wounded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.899661064147949, "source": "search", "title": "1989: Last Soviet Soldiers Leave Afghanistan - History.info" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man Out - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7639389038085938, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "MAN IN THE NEWS: Boris V. Gromov; Afghanistan: Last Man Out", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8050906658172607, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "MOSCOW, Feb. 15— Soviet officials had repeatedly vowed that their men would not leave Afghanistan in disarray, like the last Americans clambering onto helicopters from the roof of their embassy as Saigon fell around them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.010264873504639, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He extricated more than 100,000 soldiers from a costly and unsuccessful nine-year venture in Afghanistan with the kind of self-confident flare much admired in the Kremlin of Mikhail S. Gorbachev. To Head Military District", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.154465675354004, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "The official press agency Tass reported today that after more than five years in Afghanistan General Gromov would assume command of the Kiev military district, one of 16 regional subdivisions of the Soviet armed forces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.847170114517212, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "In the face of growing domestic criticism of the war, General Gromov has steadfastly maintained that the military fulfilled its duty completely, while acknowledging that Afghanistan exposed major inadequacies in the Soviet Army, especially training in countering guerrilla tactics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.158020496368408, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He has never publicly judged the political decision to send the troops into Afghanistan in December 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.070053100585938, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "He entered the Suvorov Military Academy in 1962 and was a company commander by the age of 24. After attending the Frunze Military Academy, he went on to a variety of command and staff appointments, including a tour as a colonel in Afghanistan in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.80009651184082, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A rapid series of promotions made him a major general at the age of 39. Back to Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276082992553711, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "After studying at the Voroshilov General Staff Academy, he returned to Afghanistan in 1984 as the commander of forces there, Tass reported.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.422079086303711, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "General Gromov told Tass that his wife died in a 1985 air crash in the Carpathian Mountains. He has two sons, one of whom, Maksim, 14, greeted him with an emotional embrace and a fistful of carnations today at the bridge home from Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9876022338867188, "source": "search", "title": "MAN IN THE NEWS - Boris V. Gromov - Afghanistan - Last Man ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Soviet war in Afghanistan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.106202125549316, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Gromov - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Medal \"In memory of the 10th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan\" (Belarus, 13 February 2003) - for his great personal contribution to the development and strengthening of cooperation between movements of Afghan War Veterans of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation [56] [57]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.709417343139648, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Gromov - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Medal \"Fidelity\" (Afghanistan, 17 November 1988)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059266090393066, "source": "search", "title": "Boris Gromov - Military Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401749610900879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401749610900879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Twenty years have passed since the Soviet Union ended its disastrous military venture in Afghanistan. Some Soviet veterans were traumatized by the war and refuse to talk about it, others reflect on the experience and draw lessons they say apply to NATO forces that have been fighting Afghan rebels since 2001.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.357314586639404, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Gromov says force will accomplish nothing in Afghanistan, and notes that increasing or decreasing troop strength will only bring a negative result. The general says the best way to deal with Afghans is to reach an agreement with them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.9566650390625, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "It is a justification rejected by the United States and much of the international community, which saw the invasion as aggressive attempt to expand Moscow's influence. And independent observers note the Afghanistan's drug trade did not affect the USSR, nor did the country have any pipelines that needed protection in 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.13294506072998, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A complicating factor today, he says, is Afghanistan's burgeoning drug trade, which is funding the Taliban. This, he says, forces NATO to fight opium farmers and increases popular opposition to the alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49004077911377, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Dmitri Popov and General Gromov are skeptical of NATO success in that country. The general says it would be better if Russia, the United States and other countries cooperated on a peaceful solution to Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4518351554870605, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Gromov says good relations with Afghanistan should be developed by an entire coalition of countries, including the United States. He says that together, all sides can pursue relations in Afghanistan that would end military fighting and give the country a chance to develop.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427384376525879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "U.S. Vice President Joe Biden told the Munich Security Conference on February 7th the United States would not recognize any Russian sphere of influence. At the same time, Biden noted that Russia warned long ago about the rising threat from the Taliban and al-Qaida in Afghanistan. He added that NATO and Russia can and should cooperate to defeat this common enemy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090538024902344, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Meanwhile, U.S. President Barack Obama says the United States will continue to work for a stable Afghanistan that is not a haven for terrorists. He plans to increase U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan and has ordered a strategic review to make sure American goals in that country are clear and achievable. Among those goals is a broader policy that does not focus solely on the military aspect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390698432922363, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - VOA" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401749610900879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401749610900879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Twenty years have passed since the Soviet Union ended its disastrous military venture in Afghanistan. Some Soviet veterans were traumatized by the war and refuse to talk about it, others reflect on the experience and draw lessons they say apply to NATO forces that have been fighting Afghan rebels since 2001.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.357314586639404, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Gromov says force will accomplish nothing in Afghanistan, and notes that increasing or decreasing troop strength will only bring a negative result. The general says the best way to deal with Afghans is to reach an agreement with them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.9566650390625, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "It is a justification rejected by the United States and much of the international community, which saw the invasion as aggressive attempt to expand Moscow's influence. And independent observers note the Afghanistan's drug trade did not affect the USSR, nor did the country have any pipelines that needed protection in 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.13294506072998, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A complicating factor today, he says, is Afghanistan's burgeoning drug trade, which is funding the Taliban. This, he says, forces NATO to fight opium farmers and increases popular opposition to the alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49004077911377, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Dmitri Popov and General Gromov are skeptical of NATO success in that country. The general says it would be better if Russia, the United States and other countries cooperated on a peaceful solution to Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4518351554870605, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Gromov says good relations with Afghanistan should be developed by an entire coalition of countries, including the United States. He says that together, all sides can pursue relations in Afghanistan that would end military fighting and give the country a chance to develop.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427384376525879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "U.S. Vice President Joe Biden told the Munich Security Conference on February 7th the United States would not recognize any Russian sphere of influence. At the same time, Biden noted that Russia warned long ago about the rising threat from the Taliban and al-Qaida in Afghanistan. He added that NATO and Russia can and should cooperate to defeat this common enemy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090538024902344, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Meanwhile, U.S. President Barack Obama says the United States will continue to work for a stable Afghanistan that is not a haven for terrorists. He plans to increase U.S. troop strength in Afghanistan and has ordered a strategic review to make sure American goals in that country are clear and achievable. Among those goals is a broader policy that does not focus solely on the military aspect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390698432922363, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal" }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource, the free online library", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.772170066833496, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.401749610900879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "1041658Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet WithdrawalVoice of America2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.701950073242188, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Twenty years have passed since the Soviet Union ended its disastrous military venture in Afghanistan. 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And independent observers note the Afghanistan's drug trade did not affect the USSR, nor did the country have any pipelines that needed protection in 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.13294506072998, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "A complicating factor today, he says, is Afghanistan's burgeoning drug trade, which is funding the Taliban. This, he says, forces NATO to fight opium farmers and increases popular opposition to the alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49004077911377, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Dmitri Popov and General Gromov are skeptical of NATO success in that country. The general says it would be better if Russia, the United States and other countries cooperated on a peaceful solution to Afghanistan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4518351554870605, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "Gromov says good relations with Afghanistan should be developed by an entire coalition of countries, including the United States. He says that together, all sides can pursue relations in Afghanistan that would end military fighting and give the country a chance to develop.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.427384376525879, "source": "search", "title": "Afghanistan: Lessons from Soviet Withdrawal - Wikisource ..." }, { "answer": "Afghanistan", "passage": "U.S. Vice President Joe Biden told the Munich Security Conference on February 7th the United States would not recognize any Russian sphere of influence. 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But others remain.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009364128112793, "source": "search", "title": "Former Soviets Left Behind in Afghanistan | Far Outliers" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Imelda Romuáldez Marcos", "Imelda Romualdez Marcos", "Steel Butterfly", "Imelda Romualdez", "Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez", "Remedios Trinidad Romualdez", "Marcos, Imelda", "Imelda Trinidad Romuáldez-Marcos", "Imelda Marcos", "Steel butterfly", "Imeldific", "Remedios T. Romualdez", "Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romuáldez", "Imelda Trinidad Romualdez-Marcos", "Conjugal dictatorship", "Imelda Romualdez-Marcos", "Emelda marcos", "Imelda Collection", "Imelda (given name)", "Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romuáldez Marcos", "Conjugal Dictatorship", "Amelda Marcos", "Steal Butterfly" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "imelda trinidad romualdez marcos", "imelda collection", "marcos imelda", "imelda remedios visitacion romualdez", "steel butterfly", "imelda romuáldez marcos", "imelda trinidad romuáldez marcos", "imelda marcos", "remedios trinidad romualdez", "imeldific", "imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez", "imelda given name", "imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez marcos", "amelda marcos", "conjugal dictatorship", "emelda marcos", "imelda romualdez", "imelda romualdez marcos", "remedios t romualdez", "steal butterfly" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "imelda marcos", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Imelda Marcos" }

[ { "answer": "Imelda Marcos", "passage": "Imelda Marcos had the shoes; now she has walked. In a case that began four years ago, Mrs. Marcos, the widow of former Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was acquitted by a Federal court jury in Manhattan last week of helping her husband loot $200 million from the Philippine treasury and then investing the proceeds in art, jewelry and prime New York City real estate. Though the charges against her included defrauding American banks, jurors said afterward that they questioned whether Federal prosecutors had the right to charge her with other offenses that she and her husband were said to have committed in the Philippines. When the Marcoses fled to Hawaii in 1986, she was seen as the free-spending wife - thousands of pairs of shoes were found in her Manila palace closets - of a corrupt despot. But after Mr. Marcos died last year, there seemed much less interest in punishing his spouse. Said one juror, ''Just because she was married to him doesn't make her guilty.''", "precise_score": 4.290104389190674, "rough_score": 5.84121036529541, "source": "search", "title": "Headliners - Ambling Along - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Imelda Marcos", "passage": "Photo: Imelda Marcos (Reuters)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442193984985352, "source": "search", "title": "Headliners - Ambling Along - NYTimes.com" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine", "1979" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "1979", "one thousand nine hundred and seventy nine" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "1979", "type": "Numerical", "value": "1979" }

[ { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: '; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq.", "precise_score": 8.972220420837402, "rough_score": 8.715876579284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1976, Saddam rose to the position of general in the Iraqi armed forces, and rapidly became the strongman of the government. As the ailing, elderly al-Bakr became unable to execute his duties, Saddam took on an increasingly prominent role as the face of the government both internally and externally. He soon became the architect of Iraq's foreign policy and represented the nation in all diplomatic situations. He was the de facto leader of Iraq some years before he formally came to power in 1979. He slowly began to consolidate his power over Iraq's government and the Ba'ath party. Relationships with fellow party members were carefully cultivated, and Saddam soon accumulated a powerful circle of support within the party.", "precise_score": 6.862957000732422, "rough_score": 8.4471435546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1979 al-Bakr started to make treaties with Syria, also under Ba'athist leadership, that would lead to unification between the two countries. Syrian President Hafez al-Assad would become deputy leader in a union, and this would drive Saddam to obscurity. Saddam acted to secure his grip on power. He forced the ailing al-Bakr to resign on 16 July 1979, and formally assumed the presidency.", "precise_score": 6.138876914978027, "rough_score": 8.33636474609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam Hussein, also spelled Ṣaddām Ḥusayn, in full Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (born April 28, 1937, Al-ʿAwjah, Iraq—died December 30, 2006, Baghdad), president of Iraq (1979–2003) whose brutal rule was marked by costly and unsuccessful wars against neighbouring countries.", "precise_score": 8.188404083251953, "rough_score": 8.99289321899414, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein | president of Iraq | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Over the next decade, Saddam became increasingly powerful. On July 16, 1979, the president of Iraq resigned and Saddam officially took the position.", "precise_score": 8.42811107635498, "rough_score": 8.822077751159668, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein - Biography of the Iraqi Dictator" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Although Ahmed Hassan was officially the president of Iraq from 1969 through 1979, it was Saddam Hussein who truly held the reins. And thanks to Saddam, the country enjoyed its most stable and productive period in recent history. After oil prices soared in the 1970s (oil is Iraq's primary natural resource and export), he used the revenues to institute a major system of economic reform and launched an array of wide-ranging social programs. Roads were paved, hospitals and schools were built, and various types of industry, such as mining, were expanded. In particular, Saddam focused attention on the rural areas, where roughly two-thirds of the population lived. Land was brought under the control of the Iraqi government, which meant that large properties were broken up and parcels distributed to small farmers. Saddam also funneled revenues into modernizing the country's agriculture industry. For example, he brought electricity into even some of the most remote communities.", "precise_score": 7.333170413970947, "rough_score": 8.403703689575195, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam formally rose to power in 1979, although he had been the de facto head of Iraq for several years prior. He suppressed several movements, particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements, seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence, and maintained power during the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War. Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for his opposition to the United States and for attacking Israel —he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship. The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam's government in various purges and genocides is unknown, but the lowest estimate is 250,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.163848876953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Shortly afterwards, he convened an assembly of Ba'ath party leaders on 22 July 1979. During the assembly, which he ordered videotaped, Saddam claimed to have found a fifth column within the Ba'ath Party and directed Muhyi Abdel-Hussein to read out a confession and the names of 68 alleged co-conspirators. These members were labelled \"disloyal\" and were removed from the room one by one and taken into custody. After the list was read, Saddam congratulated those still seated in the room for their past and future loyalty. The 68 people arrested at the meeting were subsequently tried together and found guilty of treason. 22 were sentenced to execution. Other high-ranking members of the party formed the firing squad. By 1 August 1979, hundreds of high-ranking Ba'ath party members had been executed. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.63761830329895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Iraqi society fissures along lines of language, religion and ethnicity. The Ba'ath Party, secular by nature, adopted Pan-Arab ideologies which in turn were problematic for significant parts of the population. Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iraq faced the prospect of régime change from two Shi'ite factions (Dawa and SCIRI) which aspired to model Iraq on its neighbour Iran as a Shia theocracy. A separate threat to Iraq came from parts of the ethnic Kurdish population of northern Iraq which opposed being part of an Iraqi state and favoured independence (an ongoing ideology which had preceded Ba'ath Party rule). To alleviate the threat of revolution, Saddam afforded certain benefits to the potentially hostile population. Membership in the Ba'ath Party remained open to all Iraqi citizens regardless of background. However, repressive measures were taken against its opponents. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.10739502310752869, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "After the oil crisis of 1973, France had changed to a more pro-Arab policy and was accordingly rewarded by Saddam with closer ties. He made a state visit to France in 1975, cementing close ties with some French business and ruling political circles. In 1975 Saddam negotiated an accord with Iran that contained Iraqi concessions on border disputes. In return, Iran agreed to stop supporting opposition Kurds in Iraq. Saddam led Arab opposition to the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel (1979).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.068215370178223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In early 1979, Iran's Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by the Islamic Revolution, thus giving way to an Islamic republic led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The influence of revolutionary Shi'ite Islam grew apace in the region, particularly in countries with large Shi'ite populations, especially Iraq. Saddam feared that radical Islamic ideas—hostile to his secular rule—were rapidly spreading inside his country among the majority Shi'ite population.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9945099353790283, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left nearly unchanged. The southern, oil rich and prosperous Khuzestan and Basra area (the main focus of the war, and the primary source of their economies) were almost completely destroyed and were left at the pre 1979 border, while Iran managed to make some small gains on its borders in the Northern Kurdish area. Both economies, previously healthy and expanding, were left in ruins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657773971557617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "In 1979, Rev. Jacob Yasso of Chaldean Sacred Heart Church congratulated Saddam Hussein on his presidency. In return, Rev. Yasso said that Saddam Hussein donated US$250,000 to his church, which is made up of at least 1,200 families of Middle Eastern descent. In 1980, Detroit Mayor Coleman Young allowed Rev. Yasso to present the key to the city of Detroit to Saddam Hussein. At the time, Saddam then asked Rev. Yasso, \"I heard there was a debt on your church. How much is it?\" After the inquiry, Saddam then donated another $200,000 to Chaldean Sacred Heart Church. Rev. Yasso said that Saddam made donations to Chaldean churches all over the world, and even went on record as saying \"He's very kind to Christians.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.996066093444824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Vice President of the Republic of Iraq (1968–1979)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9948008060455322, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* President of the Republic of Iraq (1979–2003)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.24180322885513306, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq (1979–1991 and 1994–2003)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.117929458618164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Head of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council (1979–2003)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.999134540557861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Secretary of the Regional Command (1979–2006)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233558654785156, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Assistant Secretary of the Regional Command (1966–1979)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220555305480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "* Assistant Secretary General of the National Command (1979–1989)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9164400100708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saddam Hussein" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam began to assert open control of the government in 1979 and became president upon Bakr’s resignation. He then became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and prime minister, among other positions. He used an extensive secret-police establishment to suppress any internal opposition to his rule, and he made himself the object of an extensive personality cult among the Iraqi public. His goals as president were to supplant Egypt as leader of the Arab world and to achieve hegemony over the Persian Gulf .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.849968433380127, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein | president of Iraq | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Dictator of Iraq From 1979 to 2003", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.84907341003418, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein - Biography of the Iraqi Dictator" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam Hussein was the ruthless dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. He was the adversary of the United States during the Persian Gulf War and found himself once again at odds with the U.S. in 2003 during the Iraq War. Captured by U.S. troops, Saddam Hussein was put on trial for crimes against humanity (he killed thousands of his own people) and was ultimately executed on December 30, 2006.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.5010294914245605, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein - Biography of the Iraqi Dictator" }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "When he created his massive reforms, Saddam may have had the benefit of his people in mind, but he was also a shrewd politician. In order to maintain a stable government and to assure that his party would remain in power, it was necessary to gather as much support as possible. By the late 1970s the Baa'th regime enjoyed a widespread following among the working classes, and the party was firmly unified around its second-in-command. Saddam also served as the outward face of the Iraqi government, representing the nation on both the domestic and international fronts. On July 22, 1979, when an ailing Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr decided to step down as president, it came as no surprise that Saddam Hussein stepped into his shoes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.162623882293701, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Saddam even faced resistance within his own party, and he made it a policy to weed out anyone he viewed as a threat. On July 22, 1979, just days after taking over the presidency, he organized an assembly of Baa'th leaders and read aloud the names of suspected spies; these people were taken from the room and publicly executed by firing squad. A few years later, in 1982, he ordered the execution of", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9245288372039795, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "Outside of Iraq, especially in the West, Saddam was seen as a dictator whose quest for dominance in the Middle East was viewed with particular concern. In 1980 Saddam proved that such fears were founded when he attacked Iran, an invasion that led to an eight-year bloody conflict. Relations between Iran and Iraq had been deteriorating for years, and came to a head in 1979 when the Ayatollah Khomeini (c. 1900–1989) overthrew the government of Iran during an Islamic uprising. Saddam worried that Khomeini would set his sites on spreading his radical religious rule to the secular (nonreligious) state of Iraq. Disputes over territorial boundaries led to skirmishes throughout late 1979 and into 1980, and on September 22, 1980, Iraqi forces crossed the Iranian border and officially declared war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.364181995391846, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein Biography - life, family, childhood ..." }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "     In 1968 the Ba’ath party regained control in a coup that Hussein helped lead.  Hussein was named the vice chairman of the ruling Revolutionary Command Council and vice president under General Ahmed Hassan Bakr.  In 1979 Hussein became president.  Subsequently, he executed hundreds of high ranking party members and army officers who he suspected of being disloyal, beginning a long rein of crimes as Iraq's dictator.  Hussein’s brutality and willingness to torture and murder anyone he sees as a threat has earned him the moniker, Butcher of Baghdad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.938737869262695, "source": "search", "title": "Saddam Hussein - Northern Virginia Community College ..." }, { "answer": "1979", "passage": "After the revolution Saddam was still vice president and in July of 1979, he makes a visit to Amman. And, at the same time, he meets with CIA agents there. What is he doing? And what are the consequences of this trip?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7533637285232544, "source": "search", "title": "frontline: the survival of saddam: secrets of his life and ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Colin L. Powell", "passage": "General Colin L. Powell (1989–93) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice chairman 2001–05; Chairman, 2005–07) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.", "precise_score": 5.615805625915527, "rough_score": 8.189790725708008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff" }, { "answer": "General Powell", "passage": "Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell’s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991’s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman.", "precise_score": 6.0308427810668945, "rough_score": -0.20595389604568481, "source": "search", "title": "History: Sep 21, 1989: Powell Becomes Joint Chiefs' Chairman" }, { "answer": "General Powell", "passage": "Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell’s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991’s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman.", "precise_score": 6.0308427810668945, "rough_score": -0.20595389604568481, "source": "search", "title": "September 21, 1989 : Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman" }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "General Colin Powell was the First African American chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the U.S. Army", "precise_score": 5.503329753875732, "rough_score": 3.232579469680786, "source": "search", "title": "General Colin Powell was the First African American ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "In 1989, President Bush rewarded Powell for the knowledge and skills he had acquired in the military and political arenas by naming him to the military’s top post, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the youngest man and first black to hold that position. Said the president of Powell: “As we face the challenges of the 90s, it is most important that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff be a person of breadth, judgment, experience, and total integrity. Colin Powell has all those qualities and more.” In peacetime, the chairman’s responsibilities have included overseeing the prioritization of Pentagon spending and keeping the channels of communication open between the military and the White House. They have also included drawing up plans for military action, first in Panama and then in the Middle East .", "precise_score": 6.500630855560303, "rough_score": 4.961181163787842, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "During Colin Powell's long and impressive military and government career, he has served in some of the country's highest positions, including chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. When President George W. Bush (1946–) chose Powell for the job of secretary of state, he became the first African American to ever serve in this position.", "precise_score": 2.208179473876953, "rough_score": 3.6008858680725098, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Already highly regarded by political and military leaders in the White House, Congress, and the Pentagon, U.S. Army General Colin Powell first achieved national and international prominence in 1990 and 1991. Powell, as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was one of the key leaders of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, the military campaigns to protect Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control. During the Persian Gulf War, he was credited with skillfully balancing the political objectives of President George Bush and the strategy needs of General Norman Schwarzkopf and other military commanders in the field.", "precise_score": 4.677596092224121, "rough_score": 1.5076338052749634, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "CBN.com – Already highly regarded by political and military leaders in the White House, Congress, and the Pentagon, U.S. Army General Colin Powell first achieved national and international prominence in 1990 and 1991. Powell, as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was one of the key leaders of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, the military campaigns to protect Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control. During the Persian Gulf War, he was credited with skillfully balancing the political objectives of President George Bush and the strategy needs of General Norman Schwarzkopf and other military commanders in the field.", "precise_score": 3.870305061340332, "rough_score": 1.7808283567428589, "source": "search", "title": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com" }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush’s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States’ highest military post.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7107754945755005, "source": "search", "title": "History: Sep 21, 1989: Powell Becomes Joint Chiefs' Chairman" }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush’s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States’ highest military post.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7107754945755005, "source": "search", "title": "September 21, 1989 : Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman" }, { "answer": "Colin L. Powell", "passage": "Gen. Colin L. Powell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14742660522461, "source": "search", "title": "General Colin Powell was the First African American ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Colin Luther Powell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502638816833496, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Already highly regarded by political and military leaders in the White House, Congress, and the Pentagon, U.S. Army General Colin Powell achieved national and international prominence in 1990 and 1991 as one of the key leaders of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, the military campaigns to protect Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control. Powell, as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, heads up the Pentagon and serves as the president’s top military adviser, placing him among the most powerful policy makers in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2433958053588867, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, the son of Jamaican immigrants who had both gone to work In New York City’s garment district. The young Powell grew up in the South Bronx, where he enjoyed a secure childhood, looked after by a closely knit family and a multi-ethnic community. He graduated from Morris High School In 1954 and received his B.A. in geology from the City College of New York in 1958. He was undistinguished as a student, but he excelled in the college’s Reserve Officer’s Training Corps (ROTC), leading the precision drill team and attaining the top rank offered by the corps, cadet colonel. He was not West Point trained, but his achievements in the ROTC won him a commission as second lieutenant in the U.S. Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945011138916016, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Full name, Colin Luther Powell; born April 5, 1937, in Harlem, NY; son of Luther (a shipping clerk) and Maud Ariel (a seamstress; maiden name, McKoy) Powell; married Alma Vivian Johnson (a speech pathologist), August 25, 1962; children: Michael, Linda, Annemarie. Education: City College of the City University of New York, B.S., 1958; George Washington University, M.B.A., 1971; graduate of the National War College, 1976. Religion: Episcopalian.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95162296295166, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York, New York, on April 5, 1937. His parents were immigrants from Jamaica. He spent most of his childhood in the South Bronx neighborhood of New York City, which was then regarded as a step up from Harlem. The neighborhood included white, African American, and Puerto Rican residents. Powell has said that he never thought of himself as a \"minority\" while a child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407601356506348, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Banta, Melissa. Colin Powell. New York: Chelsea House, 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82590103149414, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Finlayson, Reggie. Colin Powell. Minneapolis : Lerner Publications, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.656432151794434, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Hughes, Libby. Colin Powell: A Man of Quality. Parsippany, NJ: Dillon Press, 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118538856506348, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Schraff, Anne. Colin Powell: Soldier and Patriot. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1997.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.528313636779785, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Wheeler, Jill C. Colin Powell. Edina, MN: Abdo Pub., 2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.064385414123535, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, the son of Jamaican immigrants who had both gone to work in New York City’s garment district. The young Powell grew up in the South Bronx, where he enjoyed a secure childhood, looked after by a closely knit family and a multi-ethnic community. He graduated from Morris High School in 1954 and received his B.A. in geology from the City College of New York in 1958. He was undistinguished as a student, but he excelled in the college’s Reserve Officer’s Training Corps (ROTC), leading the precision drill team and attaining the top rank offered by the corps—cadet colonel. He was not West Point trained, but his achievements in the ROTC won him a commission as second lieutenant in the U.S. Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.947637557983398, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Colin Powell has dedicated his life to the service of his country. As a soldier, Powell demonstrated a firm commitment to protecting his country and securing a world where democratic values can flourish. Although he has preferred to avoid limelight of high office, Powell has become a prominent figure in U.S. politics, advising several American presidents. He has also dedicated himself to America’s future—her children. Powell has become an American success story, but unlike the typical rags-to-riches story, Powell’s success stems, not from monetary accumulation, but rather, from all that he has given in service to his fellow Americans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32541275024414, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Colin L. Powell", "passage": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229009628295898, "source": "search", "title": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com" }, { "answer": "Colin L. Powell", "passage": "Colin L. Powell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27003002166748, "source": "search", "title": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com" }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, the son of Jamaican immigrants who had both gone to work in New York City's garment district. The young Powell grew up in the South Bronx, where he enjoyed a secure childhood, looked after by a closely knit family and a multi-ethnic community. He graduated from Morris High School in 1954 and received his B.A. in geology from the City College of New York in 1958. He was undistinguished as a student, but he excelled in the college's Reserve Officer's Training Corps (ROTC), leading the precision drill team and attaining the top rank offered by the corps—cadet colonel. He was not West Point trained, but his achievements in the ROTC won him a commission as second lieutenant in the U.S. Army.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932586669921875, "source": "search", "title": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com" }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "Colin Powell has dedicated his life to the service his country. As a soldier, Powell demonstrated a firm commitment to protecting his country and securing a world where democratic values can flourish. Although he has preferred to avoid limelight of high office, Powell has become a prominent figure in U.S. politics, advising several American presidents. He has also dedicated himself to America's future—her children. Powell has become an American success story, but unlike the typical rags-to-riches story, Powell's success stems, not from monetary accumulation, but rather, from all that he has given in service to his fellow Americans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339089393615723, "source": "search", "title": "Colin L. Powell (1937 - ) < Black History | CBN.com" }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "05 Apr Colin Powell Former US Secretary of State Turns 70 Photos and Images | Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519795417785645, "source": "search", "title": "05 Apr Colin Powell Former US Secretary of State Turns 70 ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "05 Apr Colin Powell Former US Secretary of State Turns 70", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469810485839844, "source": "search", "title": "05 Apr Colin Powell Former US Secretary of State Turns 70 ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Powel", "passage": "US Secretary of State Colin Powell walks past boards displaying photos of the...US Secretary of State Colin Powell walks past boards displaying photos of the missing tsunami victims during a stop at the Tsunami Co-Ordination and Relief centre at Phuket Town Hall, January 4, 2005 in Phuket, Thailand. Phuket was the first stop on Powell and Bush's three nation tsunami assessment tour and will conclude in Jakarta, Indonesia where they will attend an international tsunami conference. LessMore", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344679832458496, "source": "search", "title": "05 Apr Colin Powell Former US Secretary of State Turns 70 ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell - People - Department History - Office of the Historian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375198364257812, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell - People - Department History - Office ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Colin Luther Powell - People - Department History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35568618774414, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell - People - Department History - Office ..." }, { "answer": "Colin Luther Powell", "passage": "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Colin Luther Powell (1937–)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.025375366210938, "source": "search", "title": "Colin Luther Powell - People - Department History - Office ..." }, { "answer": "Colin L. 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[ { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "On 18 March 1992, all three sides signed the Lisbon Agreement: Alija Izetbegović for the Bosniaks, Radovan Karadžić for the Serbs and Mate Boban for the Croats. However, on 28 March 1992, Izetbegović, after meeting with the then-US ambassador to Yugoslavia Warren Zimmermann in Sarajevo, withdrew his signature and declared his opposition to any type of ethnic division of Bosnia.What was said and by whom remains unclear. Zimmerman denies that he told Izetbegovic that if he withdrew his signature, the United States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement. ", "precise_score": 4.171650409698486, "rough_score": 6.7927398681640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bosnian War" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Throughout 1993, confident that the U.N., United States and the European Community would not take militarily action, Serbs in Bosnia freely committed genocide against Muslims. Bosnian Serbs operated under the local leadership of Radovan Karadzic, president of the illegitimate Bosnian Serb Republic. Karadzic had once told a group of journalists, \"Serbs and Muslims are like cats and dogs. They cannot live together in peace. It is impossible.\"", "precise_score": 5.436594009399414, "rough_score": 7.3334760665893555, "source": "search", "title": "The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia ..." }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "In Bosnia, Muslims represented the largest single population group by 1971. More Serbs and Croats emigrated over the next two decades, and in a 1991 census Bosnia’s population of some 4 million was 44 percent Bosniak, 31 percent Serb, and 17 percent Croatian. Elections held in late 1990 resulted in a coalition government split between parties representing the three ethnicities (in rough proportion to their populations) and led by the Bosniak Alija Izetbegovic. As tensions built inside and outside the country, the Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and his Serbian Democratic Party withdrew from government and set up their own “Serbian National Assembly.” On March 3, 1992, after a referendum vote (which Karadzic’s party blocked in many Serb-populated areas), President Izetbegovic proclaimed Bosnia’s independence.", "precise_score": 5.117807388305664, "rough_score": 7.223549842834473, "source": "search", "title": "Bosnian Genocide - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "2016 - Former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic is convicted of genocide and war crimes for his role in the 1992-1995 war.", "precise_score": 7.337638854980469, "rough_score": 7.068256855010986, "source": "search", "title": "Bosnia-Herzegovina country profile - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic (at the time) rallied Bosnian Serb forces and pushed for radical ultranationalist changes to Bosnia. Bosniak populated villages were constantly bombarded by Bosnian Serb forces; prior to the Genocide. Many people were displaced. Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito died in 1980. Slobodan Milosevic, who became Serbia’s leader in 1987, also became the leader of Yugoslavia. With the power that Milosevic had, he encouraged Serb ultranationalism in other  states such as Bosnia. This resulted in ethnic cleansing, mass killings, as well as destruction of Muslim mosques and religious buildings. Despite attention from the media, the world remained indifferent.", "precise_score": 5.988565921783447, "rough_score": 8.344282150268555, "source": "search", "title": "The Genocide - Bosnian Genocide" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "After the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence, which was not accepted by the federal Serb controlled government of Yugoslavia, the Serbian Autonomous Area of the Bosnian Frontier was formed in the western Bosnian Frontier region of Bosnia and Herzegovina with its capital in Banja Luka, which was not recognised by the central government. SAO Bosnian Frontier made attempts to unite with the Autonomous Region of the Serbian Frontier in Croatia. The Serb political leadership martialled its own force assisted by the Yugoslav People's Army and declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in late 1992. During this period there was notable support for the idea of a Greater Serbia being made reality, both within Bosnia and in Serbia proper. This ideology advocated the joining of Serb-populated regions into a contiguous territory. BiH's Bosniak and Bosnian Croat dominated government did not recognize the new Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose president was Radovan Karadžić seated in Banja Luka. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian War began.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.905291557312012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum and established their own republic. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), mobilised their forces inside the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to secure Serb territory, then war soon spread across the country, accompanied by the ethnic cleansing of the Bosniak and Croat population, especially in eastern Bosnia and throughout the Republika Srpska. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6625783443450928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bosnian War" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "Massacres continued, and over the next few days the JNA leveled another 21 Croat villages in eastern Herzegovina. On 13 October 1991, Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić expressed his view about the future of Bosnia and Bosnian Muslims: \"In just a couple of days, Sarajevo will be gone and there will be five hundred thousand dead, in one month Muslims will be annihilated in Bosnia and Herzegovina\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.404899597167969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bosnian War" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "The former president of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadžić is currently under trial, as is Ratko Mladić, on trial by the ICTY, charged with crimes in connection with the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica massacre. Paramilitary leader Vojislav Šešelj has been on trial since 2007 accused of being a part of a joint criminal enterprise to ethnically cleanse large areas of Bosnia-Herzegovina of non-Serbs. The Serbian president Slobodan Milošević was charged with war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia, including grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, crimes against humanity and genocide, but died in 2006 before the trial could finish. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6010867357254028, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bosnian War" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "The Bosnian War has been depicted in a number of films including Hollywood films such as The Hunting Party, starring Richard Gere as journalist Simon Hunt in his bid to apprehend suspected war criminal and former Bosnian Serb president Radovan Karadžić; Behind Enemy Lines, loosely based on the Mrkonjić Grad incident, tells about a downed US Navy pilot who uncovers a massacre while on the run from Serb troops who want him dead; The Peacemaker, starring George Clooney and Nicole Kidman, is a story about a US Army colonel and a White House nuclear expert investigating stolen Russian nuclear weapons obtained by a revenge-fueled Yugoslav diplomat, Dušan Gavrić.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.188089847564697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bosnian War" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Beginning several months later than fighting in the republics of Slovenia and Croatia, the Bosnian civil war was the most brutal chapter in the breakup of Yugoslavia. On February 29, 1992, the multi-ethnic republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Catholic Croats, Orthodox Serbs, and Muslim Slavs lived side by side, passed a referendum for independence -- but not all Bosnian Serbs agreed. Under the guise of protecting the Serb minority in Bosnia, Serbian leaders like Slobodan Milosevic (1941-) channeled arms and military support to them. In spring 1992, for example, the federal army, dominated by Serbs, shelled Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital. Foreign governments responded with sanctions (not always tightly enforced) to keep fuel and weapons from Serbia, which had (in April 1992) joined the republic of Montenegro in a newer, smaller Yugoslavia. Bosnian Serb guerrillas carried out deadly campaigns of \"ethnic cleansing,\" massacring members of other ethnic groups or expelling them from their homes to create exclusively Serb areas. Attacks on civilians and international relief workers disrupted supplies of food and other necessities just when such aid was most crucial: in what became the worst refugee crisis in Europe since World War II, millions of Bosnians (and Croatians) had been driven from their homes by July 1992. Alarmed by ethnic cleansing and other human rights abuses (which Croats and Muslims also engaged in, though to a lesser extent than did the Serbs), the United Nations resolved to punish such war crimes. In early 1994 the fierce three-way fighting became a war between two sides. In February and March the Muslims and Croats in Bosnia called a truce and formed a confederation, which in August agreed to a plan (developed by the United States, Russia, Britain, France and Germany) for a 51-49 split of Bosnia, with the Serbs getting the lesser percentage. Despite the Muslim-Croat alliance, the peace proposal, and an ongoing arms embargo against all combatants (an embargo criticized abroad for maintaining Bosnian Serb dominance in weaponry), the fighting did not stop. In 1994 and 1995 Bosnian Serbs massacred residents in Sarajevo, Srebenica, and other cities that the United Nations had in May 1993 deemed \"safe havens\" for Muslim civilians. Neither NATO air strikes (beginning in April 1994) nor the cutoff of supplies from Serbia (as of August 1994) nor the cutoff of supplies from Serbia (as of August 1994) deterred the Bosnian Serbs, who blocked convoys of humanitarian aid and detained some of the 24,000 UN troops intended to stop hostilities. Like their allies in Serbia, the Bosnian Serbs wanted to unite all Serb-held lands of the former Yugoslavia. By September 1995, however, the Muslim-Croat alliance's conquests had reduced Serb-held territory in Bosnia from over two-thirds to just under one-half -- the percentage allocated in the peace plan for the Serb autonomous region. On December 14, 1995, the leaders of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia signed the Dayton peace accords, officially ending the wars in Bosnia and Croatia after about 250,000 people had died and more than 3 million others became refugees. NATO troops numbering 60,000 entered Bosnia to enforce the accords. In early 1998 about 30,000 NATO peacekeepers were still in Bosnia, which remained scarred by war and divided between the Muslim-Croat confederation and the Bosnian Serb region. Dozens of suspected war criminals had been indicted by the UN tribunal, including Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic (1945-) (who had resigned in June 1996), although many had not been arrested or tried.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.805663585662842, "source": "search", "title": "Bosnia Civil War 1992-1995 - OnWar.com" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Though the international community did little to prevent the systematic atrocities committed against Bosniaks and Croats in Bosnia while they were occurring, it did actively seek justice against those who committed them. In May 1993, the U.N. Security Council created the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) at The Hague, Netherlands. It was the first international tribunal since the Nuremberg Trials in 1945-46 and the first to prosecute genocide, among other war crimes. Radovan Karadzic and the Bosnian Serb military commander, General Ratko Mladic, were among those indicted by the ICTY for genocide and other crimes against humanity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4351792335510254, "source": "search", "title": "Bosnian Genocide - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Just before the war began, Radovan Karadzic created a renegade army within Bosnia with the support of Milosevic in Belgrade. In 1992, under Karadzic's leadership, Bosnian Serbs began a policy of \"cleansing\" large areas of Bosnia of non-Serbs. After the war, a tribunal declared that the \"cleansing\" was actaully genocide, and convicted Karadzic and his military commander of war crimes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.695830345153809, "source": "search", "title": "The Bosnian War - Mount Holyoke College" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Bosnia's Serbs, however, weren't happy: they saw themselves and the land they lived on as part of Milosevic's 'Greater Serbia'. The Yugoslav Army (mainly Serb) had just ended a year's fierce conflict with Croatia in an attempt to hang on to Serb communities there. Now it turned its attention to Bosnia, whose forces were restricted by an arms embargo because of recent violence in Bosnian Croatian territory. By the end of 1993 the Serbs (led by Radovan Karadzic) had set up their own Republika Srpska in the east and a Bosnian Serb army (under Ratko Mladic) was in control of nearly three quarters of the country; the Bosnian Croats had been mostly driven out, though a small force continued fighting for its Bosnian territory until 1994; the Bosniaks were hanging on only in the towns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.043299674987793, "source": "search", "title": "GENOCIDE - BOSNIA - GreenNet" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadžić", "passage": "Only days after Mladić’s arrival in Sarajevo, the assembly of the self-declared autonomous Republika Srpska (Bosnian Serb Republic) appointed him commander of the Bosnian Serb army, which—with a few changes in personnel and nomenclature—the forces of the Second Military District effectively became. In that capacity, Mladić played a major role in the three-and-a-half-year siege of Sarajevo, during which Bosnian Serb forces rained artillery, mortar, machine-gun, and rifle fire on the terrorized citizenry, indiscriminately killing and wounding thousands. In March 1995 the Bosnian Serb president, Radovan Karadžić , ordered that the military “create an unbearable situation of total insecurity with no hope of further survival or life for the inhabitants of Srebrenica.” Mladić is widely believed to have overseen the subsequent Srebrenica massacre , in which at least 7,000 Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and boys were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5643839836120605, "source": "search", "title": "Ratko Mladic | Bosnian Serb military leader | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Radovan Karadzic Begins Genocide Defense at Hague - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348648071289062, "source": "search", "title": "Former Bosnian Leader Begins His Defense at Genocide Trial" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "PARIS — He was once known for his virulent speeches throughout Bosnia , but on Tuesday as Radovan Karadzic began his defense in a new phase of his genocide trial, he told international judges that he was a “mild and tolerant man” and that instead of standing accused, he should be “rewarded for all the good things I have done.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.765053749084473, "source": "search", "title": "Former Bosnian Leader Begins His Defense at Genocide Trial" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Radovan Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb leader, began his defense against war crime charges at the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague, the Netherlands, on Tuesday. Credit Pool photo by Robin Van Lonkhuijsen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6448532342910767, "source": "search", "title": "Former Bosnian Leader Begins His Defense at Genocide Trial" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "PARIS — Appeals judges at a United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague on Thursday reinstated a genocide charge against the wartime leader of the Bosnian Serbs, Radovan Karadzic , reversing a decision by a lower court last year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.065234661102295, "source": "search", "title": "Genocide Charge Reinstated Against Wartime Leader of the ..." }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Radovan Karadzic appeared before a war crimes tribunal on Thursday in The Hague to learn the outcome of an appeal. Credit Michael Kooren/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.359811782836914, "source": "search", "title": "Genocide Charge Reinstated Against Wartime Leader of the ..." }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "               Ratko Mladic(left) and Radovan Karadzic(right)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.015180587768555, "source": "search", "title": "The Genocide - Bosnian Genocide" }, { "answer": "Radovan Karadzic", "passage": "Former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic are both on trial on two counts of", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.451077938079834, "source": "search", "title": "The Genocide - Bosnian Genocide" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Norman Schwarzkopf", "passage": "Admiral Metcalf, who was commander of the Atlantic 2d Fleet, led an invasion force of about 6,000 troops from all four branches of the military in the attack, code-named Operation Urgent Fury, which began at 5 a.m. It was the first US combat operation since the Vietnam War. His deputy commander was Army General Norman Schwarzkopf, who commanded the Desert Storm operation in 1990-91.", "precise_score": -1.1187338829040527, "rough_score": -1.4415630102157593, "source": "search", "title": "Joseph Metcalf; admiral led Grenada invasion - The Boston ..." }, { "answer": "Norman Schwarzkopf", "passage": "The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \"information apparatus,\" which Time described as still being in \"some disarray\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by Communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.053507804870605, "source": "wiki", "title": "Invasion of Grenada" }, { "answer": "Norman Schwarzkopf", "passage": "The Rangers originally expected to land at Salines airfield. When it was discovered that the enemy had set up runway obstacles, a decision was made to have them parachute (in some cases with double loads) from 500 feet altitude. Since the men had removed their gear, they had to refit in the aircraft. The aircraft were out of assigned order and the runway clearing team would not be the first on the field. The Air Force refused to conduct a mass parachute drop requested by the Rangers. There was an alleged problem with the prompt evacuation of the wounded because Army helicopter pilots were not qualified to land on Navy ships. This requirement was quickly waived. As an example of further interservice rivalry, Norman Schwarzkopf adds in It Doesn’t take a Hero, Bantam Books, 1992, that he had to give a Marine Colonel a direct order and threat of court-martial to fly Army Rangers in Marine helicopters. The 82nd Airborne had serious dehydration problems and this led directly to the introduction of light-weight BDUs shortly after the operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288046836853027, "source": "search", "title": "United States PSYOP in Grenada - Operation Urgent Fury" }, { "answer": "Norman Schwarzkopf", "passage": "Major General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the task force's deputy commander, and never one to pull a punch commented on the operation:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.192672729492188, "source": "search", "title": "United States PSYOP in Grenada - Operation Urgent Fury" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "Mother Teresa Also Known As: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (birth name), \"the Saint of the Gutters\"", "precise_score": 5.726180553436279, "rough_score": 5.524831771850586, "source": "search", "title": "Mother Teresa, the Saint of the Gutters - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910 in Skopje, Macedonia. Mother Teresa's original name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. The youngest of the children born to Nikola and Drane Bojaxhiu. Her father was a successful merchant and she was youngest of the three siblings. She received her First Communion at the age of five and a half and was confirmed in November 1916. From the day of her First Holy Communion, a love for souls was within her. Her father’s sudden death when Gonxha was about eight years old left in the family in financial straits. Drane raised her children firmly and lovingly, greatly influencing her daughter’s character and vocation. Gonxha’s religious formation was further assisted by the vibrant Jesuit parish of the Sacred Heart in which she was much involved. At the age of 12, she decided that she wanted to be a missionary and spread the love of Christ. At the age of 18 she left her parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India. There she received the name Sister Mary Teresa after St. Thérèse of Lisieux. After a few months of training at the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin Mother Teresa came to India on 6 January 1929. On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught geography and catechism at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta. On 24 May 1937, Sister Teresa made her Final Profession of Vows, becoming, as she said, the “spouse of Jesus” for “all eternity.” From that time on she was called Mother Teresa. She continued teaching at St. Mary’s and in 1944 became the school’s principal. A person of profound prayer and deep love for her religious sisters and her students, Mother Teresa’s twenty years in Loreto were filled with profound happiness. Noted for her charity, unselfishness and courage, her capacity for hard work and a natural talent for organization, she lived out her consecration to Jesus, in the midst of her companions, with fidelity and joy.", "precise_score": 6.55316162109375, "rough_score": 4.76462984085083, "source": "search", "title": "Life History of Mother Teresa - Kurusady.com" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "According to a biography written by Joan Graff Clucas, in her early years Agnes was fascinated by stories of the lives of missionaries and their service in Bengal, and by age 12 had become convinced that she should commit herself to a religious life. Her final resolution was taken on 15 August 1928, while praying at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice, where she often went on pilgrimage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.076777458190918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mother Teresa" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "Agnes left home in 1928 at the age of 18 to join the Sisters of Loreto at Loreto Abbey in Rathfarnham, Ireland to learn English, with a view to becoming a missionary. English was the language the Sisters of Loreto used to teach schoolchildren in India. She never again saw her mother or her sister. Her family continued to live in Skopje until 1934, when they moved to Tirana in Albania. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.871175765991211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mother Teresa" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "She arrived in India in 1929, and began her novitiate in Darjeeling, near the Himalayan mountains, where she learnt Bengali and taught at St. Teresa's School, a schoolhouse close to her convent. She took her first religious vows as a nun on 24 May 1931. At that time she chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux, the patron saint of missionaries, but because one nun in the convent had already chosen that name, Agnes opted for the Spanish spelling of Teresa. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1016855239868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mother Teresa" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, now known as Mother Teresa, was the third and final child born to her Albanian Catholic parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, in the city of Skopje (a predominantly Muslim city in the Balkans).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.191741943359375, "source": "search", "title": "Mother Teresa, the Saint of the Gutters - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "From an early age, the girl who would become Mother Teresa felt the call to help others. Born August 26, 1910, in Skopje (now in Macedonia), Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was the daughter of Albanian parents -- a grocer and his wife. As a public school student she developed a special interest in overseas missions and, by age 12, realized her vocation was aiding the poor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3864303827285767, "source": "search", "title": "Mother Teresa :: Angel of Mercy :: Real Life Story and ..." }, { "answer": "Agnes", "passage": "1910: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu born August 27 in Skopje, in what is now Macedonia, the youngest of three children of an Albanian builder. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.097559928894043, "source": "search", "title": "Mother Teresa :: Angel of Mercy :: Real Life Story and ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Stella Nina McCartney", "Alasdhair Willis", "Stella Mc Cartney", "Stella McCartney for Chloe", "Alistair Willis", "Stella mccarteny", "Stella McCartney", "Stella mccartney" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "stella nina mccartney", "alasdhair willis", "stella mccarteny", "stella mc cartney", "alistair willis", "stella mccartney", "stella mccartney for chloe" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "stella mccartney", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Stella McCartney" }

[ { "answer": "Stella Nina McCartney", "passage": "Stella Nina McCartney was born in London, England in 1971 to ex-Beatle Paul McCartney and famed rocker photographer, Linda McCartney . Stella's birth almost ended in disaster where both mother and child almost died - the traumatic event led her father to pray she be born \"on the wings of an angel\", thus inspiring the name of her parent's band \"Wings\". McCartney admits she had a \"normal\" childhood, despite her famous parents - though she did travel the globe with them and their group, the whole family lived in a two-bedroom while she was growing up. Stella was on her own and independent by the time she was in college, making her own money (and sometimes having to clean dishes at a near-by restaurant to do so.) At age 15 she had the opportunity to work with Christian Lacroix on his first couture collection and in 1995, she graduated from London's Central St Martins College of Art & Design, showcasing at her collection of clothes modeled by good celebrity friends Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss . In 1997, with two collections under her belt, McCartney was appointed chief designer at Paris fashion house Chloé, but resigned four years later to enter in a joint venture with the Gucci Group. The line opened three stores and later Stella expanded her brand to include perfume. In 2000, she was presented VH1/Vogue Designer of the Year award by her father. Most recently, McCartney designed a line of clothing and accessories for H&M, helping sales to skyrocket with her designer name and in August of 2003, married publisher Alasdhair Willis.", "precise_score": -5.142944812774658, "rough_score": -3.3993871212005615, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "In the last five years, the house has undergone a dramatic period of growth. In 1997, the then twenty-six year old Stella McCartney took over as Creative Director. In a period that saw a new generation of customers embracing luxury fashion, McCartneys youthful, spirited sensibility re-energized Chloe and made it highly desirable once again. Infusing Chloes classic soft, romantic spirit with the pulse of the street, McCartney effortlessly mixed delicately feminine pieces with structured tailoring, putting flirtatious camisoles under skinny, tailored suits and pairing revealing blouses with low-riding jeans and stiletto heels. This vision of the new Chloe woman hit a chord with young women around the world, and proved hugely successful.", "precise_score": 1.6515449285507202, "rough_score": -0.3792467415332794, "source": "search", "title": "Chloe - Fashion Brand | Brands | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "In 1997 McCartney was appointed chief designer at Paris fashion house Chloe, following in the footsteps of Karl Lagerfeld. She started with the Autumn/Winter 1997 collection, and has been an astounding success. A Chloe boutique has opened in London, though it is hoped that Stella can have more control on the London end than she does on the Paris end. The rather elderly staff at Paris Chloe are pretty rigid about underclothes on the models, and see-through dresses (they are against them). Stella McCartney is a strict vegetarian and PETA supporter like her mother Linda, who died in 2000. She had a contract with Chloe that she need never work with fur or leather. All the shoes are made of vinyl or plastics, all the bags and belts of fabric or raffia. Her soft romantic clothes have been very successful at Chloe. For the Spring 2000 collection, she has created several designs with cut-work rhinestone necklines and bodices.", "precise_score": 7.25615930557251, "rough_score": 7.964037895202637, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "In the year 2000, Stella McCartney was approached by Tom Ford of Gucci, with an offer of financial support so that she could set up her own label. She agreed to this, and left Chloe. Her assistant at Chloe, Phoebe Philo, took over the designing at Chloe. Stella was looking for an artist to illustrate her new venture. She saw a 1972 sketch made by British artist David Remfry, and after seeing his work, decided that he was the one. In 2002 Remfry prepared the McCartnery adverts which appeared in all the leading fashion magazines. The sketches were so eye-catching and sexy that they blew the whole industry away.", "precise_score": 2.1200098991394043, "rough_score": 2.9381396770477295, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Jade Jagger, jewelry designer and famous offspring, has encountered much of the same skepticism that Stella McCartney has faced. As the daughter of Mick Jagger (1943–), lead singer of the Rolling Stones, and Bianca Jagger, a symbol of high fashion, Jade has struggled to establish an identity separate from that of her world-famous parents. Even as she has forged a successful design career, she still has critics suggesting that her professional accomplishments are due to her fame as a Jagger rather than her own talent.", "precise_score": -5.154494285583496, "rough_score": -5.878413200378418, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459982872009277, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398414611816406, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Alasdhair Willis", "passage": "Married publisher boyfriend Alasdhair Willis in Scotland on August 30, 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.227046966552734, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Alasdhair Willis", "passage": "Has four children with her husband Alasdhair Willis. son, Miller Alasdhair James Willis, born on February 25, 2005, weighing 7lbs 7ozs, daughter, Bailey Linda Olwyn, born on December 8, 2006, weighing, 7lbs 14oz, son, Beckett Robert Lee, born on January 8, 2009 and daughter Reily Dilys Stella, born on November 23, 2010, weighing 8 lbs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.069552421569824, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Style, modernity, and a strong sense of femininity have been the key elements of Chlo� since its inception. Maintaining a quiet confidence among the Parisian ready-to-wear houses, Chlo� has relyied on the abilities of various already-established designers to produce fresh and vibrant clothing which reflected and, in the high points of its history under Martine Sitbon, Karl Lagerfeld, and upstart Stella McCartney defined the zeitgeist of Chlo� �lan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.152619361877441, "source": "search", "title": "Chloe - Fashion Brand | Brands | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398414611816406, "source": "search", "title": "Best Fashion Designers, Luxury Fashion Designers, Couture ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994874000549316, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398414611816406, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney was born on September 13, 1971, the daughter of Paul McCartney, member of the Beatles singing group. She is a British fashion designer. Stella has always been fascinated by fashion. As a teenager, she was always mixing up bits and pieces for antique clothing markets with Cerruti or Lacoste, or whatever she could find in her mother's cupboards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.610194683074951, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Alasdhair Willis", "passage": "In August 2003, Stella married her long-time love publisher Alasdhair Willis. The setting was a castle on the island of Bute, in the river Clyde, in Scotland, loaned to them by the Marquis of Bute (racing driver Johnny Dumfries). Stella's father, former Beatle Paul McCartney paid around 2 million pounds, as father of the bride. Stella designed her own wedding gown, using as inspiration the one worn by her mother when she married in 1969. In February 2005, the couple had a baby boy just before Stella will be presenting her Fall/Winter 2005 collection in Paris. They have called him Miller Alisdhair James Willis. Stella took time out from preparations for her Spring/Summer 2004 collection in Paris, to fly over to the United States for the opening of her new Los Angeles store.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.403167724609375, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "High Street fashion giant H&M announced in May 2005 that Stella McCartney would design a 40 piece collection for them in the Autumn. They find her designs modern, cool, classic and wearable. In September H & M started selling the McCartney range, with great success. She has selected one or two things from her own label collections, but of course the cost is much lower in the High Street. This should lead to Stella's clothes finding a much wider market. Margareta van den Bosch, head of design at H & M said that the company was thrilled to collaborate with Stella.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.951187133789062, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella launched her new house with the Spring 2002 collection, presenting clothes emblazoned with rhyming Cockney slang, that had the punchy tang of a hit from the word go. She got her label off to a snappy start in front of Domenico de Sole, the boss of the Gucci group, and McCartney's partner. Her brand new 4000 sq ft store in Manhattan opened in September 2002, housing her ready-to-wear, shoe and accessories collections. It has an inlaid pool running the length of the store and walls of hand-painted fabric. There was a fabulous party to celebrate the opening. The financial results for Stella's new company for the first year of operation, were not very good. It suffered losses of 2.7 million pounds. However GUCCI, who own her label, have absolute faith in her and said that they have high hopes for her future. In late November, Stella's owners GUCCI appointed a new CEO for Stella McCartney. He is Marco Bizzari (born 1962) a well-experienced financial and managerial man. He is expected to push the profits up even higher.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.50576400756836, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney - Fashion Designer | Designers | The FMD" }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Stella McCartney", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.546426773071289, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "While some may think that being the daughter of one of the world's most famous, respected, and wealthy rock stars would lead to plentiful advantages when building a career, British designer Stella McCartney might not completely agree. McCartney, daughter of Sir Paul—who happens to be a former member of the Beatles, perhaps the most popular and influential rock band ever—has talent and ambition to spare, but her fame-by-association has caused many to speculate that it is her family connections rather than her design collections that have propelled her career. Being a McCartney has its advantages—through family acquaintances, a teenaged Stella made important connections in the design world—but had she been lacking in talent and business sense, such connections would have been meaningless. Instead, McCartney proved that her combination of creativity, sense of style, and understanding of the fashion industry could make her a powerful force in fashion regardless of her parentage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.928696632385254, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "In the fall of 2002 McCartney opened her first store, in New York City, to feature her new company's designs. Her second store opened the following spring in London, with a third opening in the Los Angeles area in the fall of 2003. In the stores, which are called simply \"Stella McCartney,\" she sells her clothing as well as shoes, bags, and other accessories, including her own perfume, a scent called Stella. All of her products reflect McCartney's dedication to animal rights and other causes. In her clothing designs she emphasizes cottons and silks. Not one of her products, including shoes and bags, is made out of leather or fur. The company manufacturing her fragrance is prohibited from using genetically modified materials—that is, plants that have been altered by humans—and will not accept plants that were harvested by children or that are on any endangered species list. McCartney attributes her socially conscious attitude to the earthy styles of her parents, particularly her mother. She has also credited her mother with informing her fashion sensibility: the confidence to wear clothes she loves rather than following trends, a combination of vintage and modern looks, and the choice of a natural look over a highly polished one. Describing her mother's naturalness to Shane Watson of Harper's Bazaar, McCartney noted: \"You look at people in her position now, and they're all manicured and their hair's straightened, and she was so not that, ever. She never waxed her legs, never dyed her hair, and that is so rare.... I mean, my mum really was the coolest chick in the world.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.026232719421387, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Alasdhair Willis", "passage": "While the loss of her mother was devastating, McCartney has also experienced much personal and professional happiness in recent years. In August of 2003 she wed magazine publisher Alasdhair Willis in a small but elaborate ceremony. Taking place on a three-hundred-acre estate on the Scottish island of Bute, the wedding featured truck-loads of white roses imported from the Netherlands , a bagpipe band, and a fireworks display. Guests—including such celebrity pals as Gwyneth Paltrow, Liv Tyler, and Madonna—were transported in carriages pulled by Clydesdale horses. A large team of security guards kept the press at bay, ensuring a calm and private affair. On the professional front, McCartney has achieved increasing success with each new collection. Tom Ford, the former creative director of Gucci, told Armstrong why he has so much confidence in McCartney: \"She has everything it takes to be successful—the drive, the will, and the intelligence. She has great style, great taste.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.525439262390137, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Watson, Shane. \"Twenty-four Hours with Stella McCartney.\" Harper's Bazaar (September 2002): p. 426.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322884559631348, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "Stella McCartney. http://www.stellamccartney.com/ (accessed on July 14, 2004).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380154609680176, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Stella McCartney", "passage": "\"Who's Who: Stella McCartney.\" Vogue.com. http://www.vogue.co.uk/whos_who/Stella_McCartney/default.html# (accessed on July 14, 2004).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.359649658203125, "source": "search", "title": "Stella McCartney Facts, information, pictures ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Rachel Hunter" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "rachel hunter" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "rachel hunter", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Rachel Hunter" }

[ { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rod Stewart was born on January 10, 1945 in Highgate, London, England as Roderick David Stewart. He has been married to Penny Lancaster since June 16, 2007. They have two children. He was previously married to Rachel Hunter and Alana Stewart .", "precise_score": 6.4193196296691895, "rough_score": 6.617703437805176, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rachel Hunter was born on September 9, 1969 in Auckland, New Zealand. She is an actress and producer, known for Ford Supermodel of the World (1995), The Benchwarmers (2006) and Jordon Saffron: Taste This! (2009). She was previously married to Rod Stewart . See full bio »", "precise_score": 7.939501762390137, "rough_score": 8.168039321899414, "source": "search", "title": "Rachel Hunter - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rod Stewart's ex-wife Rachel Hunter has told of the agony behind her decision to leave her rock star husband because she felt stifled by their eight-year marriage.", "precise_score": 4.732459545135498, "rough_score": 4.152760028839111, "source": "search", "title": "'Why I had to leave Rod,' by Rachel | Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke his heart", "precise_score": 4.463916301727295, "rough_score": 1.8774442672729492, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Has eight children: Sarah Thubron Streeter (born 1964) born to art student Susannah Boffey; Kimberly Stewart (born 21 August 1979) and Sean Stewart (born 1 September 1980) born to Alana Stewart (ex-wife of actor George Hamilton ; Ruby Stewart (born 17 June 1987), born to Kelly Emberg , his girlfriend at the time; Renee Stewart (born 1 June 1992), Liam McAlister Stewart (born 4 September 1994), born to ex-wife Rachel Hunter , a model, Alistair Wallace Stewart (born 27 November 2005) and Aiden Stewart (born 16 February 2011), born to wife Penny Lancaster .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6139678955078125, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "(March 9, 2005) Proposed to girlfriend Penny Lancaster at the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. They married according to their plan, on board his yacht \"Lady Anne MaGee\" in the Portofino harbor, Italy, after his divorce from Rachel Hunter was finalized.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.911287307739258, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "[on his former wife, Rachel Hunter , shortly after their break-up] She was the first woman who left me.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.051769256591797, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super   - NY Daily News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.390338897705078, "source": "search", "title": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super... but much better than ex-Rod Stewart!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2910406589508057, "source": "search", "title": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.448803901672363, "source": "search", "title": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rachel Hunter looks like she’s heading to the beach — let’s hope she doesn’t run into former flame Rod Stewart .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.571292877197266, "source": "search", "title": "Former Supermodel Rachel Hunter looking less than super ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rod Stewart has revealed he shed 5kg and threw himself into yoga, psychotherapy and self-help books after his wife Rachel Hunter dumped him. He was blindsided and begged her to stay - but she wouldn't.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4105721712112427, "source": "search", "title": "Rod bares all about losing 'beautiful' Rachel ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Stewart has been married three times: to model Alana Hamilton, Rachel Hunter and model Penny Lancaster, and his long-term girlfriends have included model Dee Harrington and model Kelly Emberg. There's a theme.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7207019925117493, "source": "search", "title": "Rod bares all about losing 'beautiful' Rachel ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rachel Hunter - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484162330627441, "source": "search", "title": "Rachel Hunter - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "By last week, Stewart was hunkered down in a second estate, this one in Beverly Hills, but his winter remained bleak. On Jan. 7 the 54-year-old rock star and his second wife, New Zealand-born model Rachel Hunter, 29, announced that they were separating after eight years. Stewart, denying to the British press that the marriage had unraveled because of any infidelity, said it was Hunter’s decision to move out and “find herself” as a person. “I was so sure she was the woman I was going to spend the rest of my life with,” he added. “I hope and pray with all my heart that she will eventually come back.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8319382667541504, "source": "search", "title": "Not-So-Hot Rod : People.com" }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Born January 10, 1945, in London, England; married Alana Hamilton (a model), 1979 (divorced, 1984); married Rachel Hunter (a model), 1991 (divorced, 2006); children: Kimberly, Sean (from first marriage), Ruby (with Kelly Emberg), Renee, Liam (from second marriage), Alastair (with Penny Lancaster).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.143837928771973, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart Biography - life, family, children, story ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "A comeback began in 1989 when Stewart, embracing the advent of CDs and the trend of career-spanning box sets, released the four-disc set Storyteller . It included a cover of the Tom Waits song \"Downtown Train,\" which became a major hit. He showed a partial return to rock form with 1991's Vagabond Heart , which included a duet with soul star Tina Turner and contributions from Robbie Robertson, former leader of The Band (Dylan's mid-'60s backup group, which had become popular in its own right in the 1970s). He reunited with Wood for his appearance on the television show MTV Unplugged , which spawned the album Unplugged … and Seated . The well-received performance included many of his best songs from the early '70s. Meanwhile, his love life was on the upswing too; in 1991, he married another model, Rachel Hunter, who was in her early 20s, half his age. The couple had a daughter, Renee, and a son, Liam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.107795715332031, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart Biography - life, family, children, story ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke his heart | Celebrity News | Showbiz & TV | Daily Express", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5060107707977295, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "FAMOUS for romancing many a blonde beauty Rod Stewart now believes second wife Rachel Hunter leaving him in 2006 was his “comeuppance” after being a womaniser for so many years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8191621899604797, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke ..." }, { "answer": "Rachel Hunter", "passage": "The father of eight, who has been married three times, tells Woman’s Weekly: “Rachel Hunter broke my heart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.712121963500977, "source": "search", "title": "Rod Stewart admits that his ex-wife Rachel Hunter broke ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Bobby Fischer (Chess career)", "Fisher's endgame", "Bob Fischer", "Bobby Fischer", "Bobby Fischer (chess career)", "Robert James Fischer", "Bobby Fischer (biography)", "Bobbie fischer", "Regina Wender", "Bobby fischer", "Robert J Fischer", "Bobby Ficsher", "Bobbie Fisher", "Fischer's endgame", "Bobby Fisher", "Robert J. Fischer" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "bobby fischer biography", "fischer s endgame", "bobby fisher", "fisher s endgame", "bobbie fischer", "robert j fischer", "bobby fischer chess career", "bobbie fisher", "bobby ficsher", "robert james fischer", "bobby fischer", "bob fischer", "regina wender" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "bobby fischer", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Bobby Fischer" }

[ { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Upon Fischer's return to New York, a Bobby Fischer Day was held. He was offered numerous product endorsement offers worth \"at least $5 million\" (all of which he declined). He appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with American Olympic swimming champion Mark Spitz. Fischer also made an appearance on a Bob Hope TV special. Membership in the U.S. Chess Federation doubled in 1972, and peaked in 1974; in American chess, these years are commonly referred to as the \"Fischer Boom\". Fischer won the 'Chess Oscar' (an award, started in 1967, given to the best chess player, determined through votes from chess media and leading players) for 1970, 1971, and 1972. This match attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since. ", "precise_score": -0.09077586233615875, "rough_score": -2.6073031425476074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "As I made clear in my telegram to the FIDE delegates, the match conditions I proposed were non-negotiable. Mr. Cramer informs me that the rules of the winner being the first player to win ten games, draws not counting, unlimited number of games and if nine wins to nine match is drawn with champion regaining title and prize fund split equally were rejected by the FIDE delegates. By so doing FIDE has decided against my participation in the 1975 World Chess Championship. Therefore, I resign my FIDE World Chess Championship title. Sincerely, Bobby Fischer.", "precise_score": 1.3248862028121948, "rough_score": -1.0436352491378784, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "It's been a very long drought for Americans when it comes to the World Chess Championship. The last American to win was, famously, Bobby Fischer in 1972. Fischer defeated Boris Spassky in Iceland, but never defended his title.", "precise_score": 7.051887035369873, "rough_score": 4.934174060821533, "source": "search", "title": "The World Chess Champion American - Business Insider" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer was a record-setting chess master who became the youngest player to win the U.S. Chess Championship at 14, and the first American-born player to win the World Chess Championship.", "precise_score": 8.254961967468262, "rough_score": 6.56599760055542, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer was born on March 9, 1943, in Chicago, Illinois. Fischer first learned the game of chess at age 6 and eventually became the youngest international grand master at the age of 15. In 1972, he became the first American-born world chess champion after defeating Boris Spassky . An eccentric genius, who was believed to have an I.Q. of 181, Fischer became known for his controversial public remarks in his later years. He was granted Icelandic citizenship in 2005, following legal trouble with the United States. He died on January 17, 2008.", "precise_score": 8.323983192443848, "rough_score": 6.000571250915527, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "The 2015 U.S. Chess Championship is Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura’s first return to the U.S. Championship since winning the title in 2012. Ranked in the world's top-10 players for nearly five years, Nakamura has been the longtime U.S. No. 1 Grandmaster and the leading hopeful to bring America its first World Champion since Bobby Fischer. The chance for that world title creeps ever closer this year, as Nakamura currently sits second place at the halfway point of FIDE's 2014-15 Grand Prix and may earn his first seat in a Candidate's Tournament.", "precise_score": 9.060620307922363, "rough_score": 7.835395336151123, "source": "search", "title": "The Fields | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "In 2008, Robson won his first major tournament at the Miami Open, and later that year became the youngest American to win the Grandmaster title, at the age of 14 years, 11 months and 16 days. The mark bested the record held by Hikaru Nakamura and once by the great Bobby Fischer, making Robson one of America’s brightest hopes to another world-elite GM.", "precise_score": -2.068578004837036, "rough_score": -2.270636558532715, "source": "search", "title": "The Fields | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Kamsky began his dominance of American chess shortly after emigrating to the U.S. in 1989 and spent nearly 20 years as the highest-rated American - losing that title to Nakamura in 2009. In 1990 he earned his GM, and soon after became the youngest player ever rated in the World’s top-ten. Kamsky won his first U.S. Championships in 1991, and the following year helped the USCF secure its first-ever gold medal in the World Team Chess Olympiad. Kamsky also became the youngest-ever to challenge for the FIDE world title and the first American since Bobby Fischer, as the Candidate for the 1996 World Chess Championship.", "precise_score": 5.768765926361084, "rough_score": 6.700666904449463, "source": "search", "title": "The Fields | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "His championship was heralded by the U.S. media as a victory for the individualistic America over the collectivist U.S.S.R., whose players had dominated chess since the end of the Second World War. It was front page news, and it made Bobby Fischer a celebrity. He reportedly turned down a $1-million offer to endorse a chess set brand as he faded from the public spotlight.", "precise_score": 3.2525506019592285, "rough_score": 1.7257188558578491, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "After the 1962 Candidates Tournament, Bobby Fischer publicly alleged that the Soviets had colluded to prevent any non-Soviet – specifically him – from winning. He claimed that Tigran Petrosian, Efim Geller and Paul Keres had prearranged to draw all their games, and that Korchnoi had been instructed to lose to them. Averbakh, who was head of the Soviet team, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Geller and Keres arranged to draw all their games in order to save their energy for games against non-Soviet players, and a statistical analysis in 2006 backed this up. Another contestant, Pal Benko, claimed that towards the end of the tournament Petrosian and Geller, who were friends, helped Benko with adjournment analysis of his game against Keres, who was the main threat to Petrosian. Korchnoi, who defected from the USSR in 1976, has never alleged he was forced to throw games. FIDE responded by changing the format of future Candidates Tournaments to eliminate the possibility of collusion. Beginning in the next cycle, 1963–66, the round-robin tournament was replaced by a series of elimination matches. Initially the quarter-finals and semifinals were best of 10 games, and the final was best of 12. This was the system under which Boris Spassky twice challenged Petrosian (who had won the title from Botvinnik in 1963) for the title, unsuccessfully in 1966 and successfully in 1969. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.580798149108887, "source": "wiki", "title": "World Chess Championship" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer was born at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943. His birth certificate listed his father as Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, also known as Gerardo Liebscher, a German biophysicist. His mother, Regina Wender Fischer, was a U.S. citizen; Regina was born in Switzerland, to Jewish parents from Poland and Russia. Raised in St. Louis, Missouri, Regina became a teacher, registered nurse, and later a physician. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.977498054504395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Sources implying that Paul Nemenyi, a Hungarian Jewish physicist and an expert in fluid and applied mechanics, may have been Fischer's biological father were first made public in a 2002 investigation by Peter Nicholas and Clea Benson of The Philadelphia Inquirer. Throughout the 1950s, the FBI investigated Regina and her circle for her alleged communist sympathies, as well as her previous life in Moscow. The FBI files identify Paul Nemenyi as Bobby Fischer's biological father, showing that Hans-Gerhardt Fischer never entered the United States, having been refused admission by U.S. immigration officials due to his alleged Communist sympathies. Not only were Regina and Nemenyi reported to have had an affair in 1942, but Nemenyi made monthly child support payments to Regina and paid for Bobby's schooling until his own death in 1952. Nemenyi had lodged complaints with social workers, saying he was concerned about the way that Regina was raising Bobby, to the point that, on at least one occasion, Nemenyi broke down in tears. Later on Bobby told the Hungarian chess player Zita Rajcsányi that Paul Nemenyi would sometimes show up at the family's Brooklyn apartment and take him on outings. After Paul Nemenyi died in 1952, Regina Fischer wrote a letter to Paul Nemenyi's first son (Peter), asking if Paul had left money for Bobby in his will:Bobby was sick 2 days with fever and sore throat and of course a doctor or medicine was out of the question. I don't think Paul would have wanted to leave Bobby this way and would ask you most urgently to let me know if Paul left anything for Bobby. On one occasion, Regina told a social worker that the last time she had ever seen Hans-Gerhardt Fischer was in 1939, four years before Bobby was born. On another occasion, she told the same social worker she had traveled to Mexico to see Hans-Gerhardt in June 1942 and that Bobby was conceived during that meeting. According to Bobby Fischer's brother-in-law, Russell Targ, who was married to Bobby's half-sister, Joan, for 40 years, Regina concealed the fact that Nemenyi was Bobby's father because she wanted to avoid the stigma of an out-of-wedlock birth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.782763481140137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "At the age of 16, Fischer finished equal fifth out of eight (the top non-Soviet player) at the 1959 Candidates Tournament in Bled/Zagreb/Belgrade, Yugoslavia, scoring 12½/28. He was outclassed by tournament winner Tal, who won all four of their individual games. That year, Fischer released his first book of collected games: Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess, published by Simon & Schuster. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.660719871520996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Fischer's endgame", "passage": "Fischer won the 1962 Stockholm Interzonal by a 2½-point margin, going undefeated, with 17½/22 (+13−0=9). He was the first non-Soviet player to win an Interzonal since FIDE instituted the tournament in 1948. Russian grandmaster Alexander Kotov said of Fischer: I have discussed Fischer's play with Max Euwe and Gideon Stahlberg. All of us, experienced 'tournament old-timers', were surprised by Fischer's endgame expertise. When a young player is good at attacking or at combinations, this is understandable, but a faultless endgame technique at the age of 19 is something rare. I can recall only one other player who at that age was equally skillful at endgames — Vasily Smyslov.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.194911479949951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "In the 1963–64 U.S. Championship, Fischer achieved his second perfect score, this time against the top-ranked chess players in the country: \"This tournament became, as they say, the stuff of legend. The fact that Fischer won his sixth U.S. title was no surprise. The way he did it was spectacular.\" \"One by one Fischer mowed down the opposition as he cut an 11–0 swathe through the field, to demonstrate convincingly to the opposition that he was now in a class by himself.\" This result brought Fischer heightened fame, including a profile in Life magazine. Sports Illustrated diagrammed each of the 11 games in its article, \"The Amazing Victory Streak of Bobby Fischer\". Such extensive chess coverage was groundbreaking for the top American sports' magazine. His 11–0 win in the 1963–64 Championship is the only perfect score in the history of the tournament, and one of about ten perfect scores in high-level chess tournaments ever. David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld called it \"the most remarkable achievement of this kind\". Fischer recalls: \"Motivated by my lopsided result (11–0!), Dr. [Hans] Kmoch congratulated [Larry] Evans (the runner up) on 'winning' the tournament... and then he congratulated me on 'winning the exhibition'.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.266247272491455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "With Evans as his second, Fischer flew to Belgrade with the intention of playing board one for the rest of the world. Danish grandmaster Bent Larsen, however, (due to his recent tournament victories) demanded to play first board instead of Fischer, even though Fischer had the higher Elo rating. To the surprise of everyone, Fischer agreed. Although the USSR team eked out a 20 ½–19 ½ victory, \"On the top four boards, the Soviets managed to win only one game out of a possible sixteen. Bobby Fischer was the high scorer for his team, with a 3–1 score against Petrosian (two wins and two draws)\". \"Fischer left no doubt in anyone's mind that he had put his temporary break from the tournament circuit to good use. Petrosian was almost unrecognizable in the first two games, and by the time he had collected himself, although pressing his opponent, he could do no more than draw the last two games of the four-game set\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.46527099609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "From 2000 to 2002, Fischer lived in Baguio City in the Philippines, residing in the same compound as the Filipino grandmaster Eugenio Torre, a close friend who acted as his second during his 1992 match with Spassky. Torre introduced Fischer to a 22-year-old woman named Marilyn Young.Marilyn Young's name was written behind a photograph dated December 14, 2000, sent to her by Fischer. The photograph is displayed on the Chessbase website. See also: On May 21, 2001 Marilyn Young gave birth to a daughter named Jinky Young. Her mother claimed that Jinky was Fischer's daughter, citing as evidence Jinky's birth and baptismal certificates, photographs, a transaction record dated December 4, 2007 of a bank remittance by Fischer to Jinky, and Jinky's DNA through her blood samples. On the other hand, Magnús Skúlason, a friend of Fischer's, said that he was certain that Fischer was not the girl's father. On August 17, 2010, it was reported that a DNA test revealed that Jinky Young was not the daughter of Bobby Fischer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.21684741973877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Tokyo-based Canadian journalist and consultant John Bosnitch set up the \"Committee to Free Bobby Fischer\" after meeting Fischer at Narita Airport and offering to assist him. Boris Spassky wrote a letter to U.S. President George H. W. Bush, asking \"For mercy, charity\", and, if that was not possible, \"to put [him] in the same cell with Bobby Fischer\" and \"to give [them] a chess set\". It was reported that Fischer and Miyoko Watai, the President of the Japanese Chess Association (with whom he had reportedly been living since 2000) wanted to become legally married. (It was also reported that Fischer had been living in the Philippines with Marilyn Young during the same period.) Fischer applied for German citizenship on the grounds that his father was German. Fischer stated that he wanted to renounce his U.S. citizenship, and appealed to U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell to help him do so, though to no effect. Japan's Justice Minister rejected Fischer's request for asylum and ordered him deported. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.273031234741211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "According to a press release issued by Samuel Estimo, an attorney representing Jinky Young, the Supreme Court of Iceland ruled, in December 2009, that Watai's claim of marriage to Fischer was invalidated because of her failure to present the original copy of their alleged marriage certificate. On June 16, 2010, the Court ruled in favor of a petition on behalf of Jinky Young to have Bobby Fischer's remains exhumed. The exhumation was performed on July 5, 2010, in the presence of a doctor, a priest, and other officials. A DNA sample was taken and Fischer's body was then reburied. On August 17, 2010, the Court announced that based on the DNA sample it was determined that Fischer was not the father of Jinky Young. On March 3, 2011, an Icelandic district court ruled that Miyoko Watai and Fischer had married on September 6, 2004, and that, as Fischer's widow and heir, Watai was therefore entitled to inherit Fischer's estate. Fischer's nephews were ordered to pay Watai's legal costs, amounting to ISK 6.6 million (approximately $57,000).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343941688537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Robert James Fischer", "passage": "Fischer's great rival Mikhail Tal praised him as \"the greatest genius to have descended from the chess heavens\". American grandmaster Arthur Bisguier wrote \"Robert James Fischer is one of the few people in any sphere of endeavour who has been accorded the accolade of being called a legend in his own time.\" Former World Champion Tigran Petrosian stated that Fischer put more time into chess than the entire Soviet team. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.153843641281128, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Internet Bobby Fischer theory", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476296424865723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "National Masters R.O. Mitchell and Lionel Davis both claimed to have played Fischer on ICC, with Mitchell providing his alleged conversation with the supposed Fischer. Chessbase.com did a study where they concluded that the user was more likely a hoax, and not the real Bobby Fischer. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.53367805480957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "* Bobby Fischer is referred to in the chorus of the song \"Cosby Sweater\" by Australian hip hop band Hilltop Hoods. Another Australian band, Lazy Susan, released a song \"Bobby Fischer\" on their 2001 album Long Lost.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415679931640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "* In 2015 the Comedy Central program Drunk History portrayed Bobby Fischer on Season 3, Episode 6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49067211151123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "* The 1993 film Searching for Bobby Fischer uses Fischer's name in the title, even though the film is about the life of chess prodigy Joshua Waitzkin. Outside of the United States, it was released as Innocent Moves. The title refers to the search for Fischer's successor after his disappearance from competitive chess. The author feels that his son could be that successor. Fischer never saw the film and complained bitterly that it was an invasion of his privacy by using his name without his permission. Fischer never received any compensation from the film, calling it \"a monumental swindle\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.6205415725708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "*In April 2009, the film Me and Bobby Fischer, about Bobby Fischer's last years as his old friend Saemundur Palsson gets him out of jail in Japan and helps him settle in Iceland, was premiered in Iceland. The film was produced by Friðrik Guðmundsson with music by Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson, Björk Guðmundsdóttir and Einar Arnaldur Melax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256827354431152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "*In October 2009, the biographical film Bobby Fischer Live was released, with Damien Chapa directing and starring as Fischer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339624404907227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "*In 2011, documentary film-maker Liz Garbus released Bobby Fischer Against the World, which explores the life of Fischer, with interviews from Garry Kasparov, Anthony Saidy, and others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112889289855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "* Bobby Fischer's Games of Chess (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1959). ISBN 0-923891-46-3. An early collection of 34 lightly annotated games, including \"The Game of the Century\" against Donald Byrne.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.389348983764648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Numerous books list Fischer as a co-author or endorser. One such book is Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess, co-authored by Donn Mosenfelder and Stuart Margulies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.815041542053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bobby Fischer" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.446980476379395, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33953857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "—Bobby Fischer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33953857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Robert James Fischer", "passage": "Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943. Fischer's parents divorced when he was a toddler, and he began learning chess at the age of 6 after his older sister Joan bought him a chess set. He continued to hone his skills as a youngster at the Brooklyn Chess Club and Manhattan Chess Club. Fischer had a strained relationship with his mother, who supported his chess endeavors, but preferred that he pursue other areas of interest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.061137199401855, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer died of kidney failure on January 17, 2008, in Reykjavík, Iceland. Miyoko Watai, a Japanese women's chess champion and general secretary of the Japanese Chess Federation, claimed that she had married Fischer in 2004, although the validity of their marriage was questioned. Another woman claimed that she had a daughter with Fischer. His body was exhumed to be DNA tested, and the claim of paternity was found to be false. In 2011, an Icelandic court ruled that Watai was Fischer's widow and the sole heir to his estate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.811247825622559, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Several books and films have been made about Fischer's life and career. Fischer himself published works like Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess (1966) and My 60 Memorable Games (1969), while biographies on the icon include Endgame: Bobby Fischer's Remarkable Rise and Fall... by Frank Brady (2011), Fischer's childhood friend. The documentary Bobby Fischer Against the World, directed by Liz Garbus, was released in 2011. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.301409721374512, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Author, Chess Player - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Onischuk earned his GM title as a Ukranian 18-year-old in 1994, then later won the 2000 Ukranian Championship before emigrating to the U.S. the following year. For five years, he played collegiate chess for the University of Maryland, Baltimore Country (UMBC), leading the program to multiple national titles before graduating in 2006 with a degree in linguistics. He has been invited to every FIDE World Cup since 2005, winning more than 20 major tournaments along the way, including the 2006 U.S. Championship -- which he called the happiest moment of his career, having his name on a trophy alongside players such as Bobby Fischer and Paul Morphy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.353590965270996, "source": "search", "title": "The Fields | www.uschesschamps.com" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.372137069702148, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33953857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer was the greatest American chess player in history and might have been the most talented chess player ever to play the game. His career and legacy were marred by eccentricities that developed into what likely was full-blown mental illness that made him an exile from his country of birth that he represented in the greatest proxy battle of the Cold War and from the game he loved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.473714828491211, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Robert James Fischer", "passage": "The chess legend was born Robert James Fischer on March 9, 1943 in Chicago to Regina Wender Fischer. His mother was a Jew who had been born in Switzerland but raised in St. Louis who became a naturalized U.S. citizen. The actual identity of his father is unknown. Regina listed German biophysicist Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, her first husband, as the father on Bobby's birth certificate, but they had been separated since 1939. Bobby's actual father likely was Hungarian physicist Paul Newmenyi, who like his mother, was Jewish. As his mental stability broke down late in life, Bobby became a vicious anti-Semite, insisting he wasn't Jewish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.094376087188721, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "It was while living in the Philippines during the opening days of the new millennium that Bobby Fischer established himself as a world-class crank. After the 9/11 attacks on the United States, he praised the attacks and spewed forth anti-Semitic drivel on radio broadcasts. The Soviet hater of the Cold War era had become a rabid America hater and Jew-basher at the start of the global war on terror. His anti-Semitism became so extreme, he renamed himself \"Robert James\" and insisted he wasn't Jewish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710284233093262, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bobby Fischer", "passage": "Bobby Fischer died on January 17, 2008 in Reykjavik after having been gravely ill. He made it to his 64th year, which was symbolic, as a chessboard has 64 squares.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.748668670654297, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Regina Wender", "passage": "Born to Regina Wender, a naturalized American citizen of German Jewish descent, he was considered the son of her first husband, Hans-Gerhardt Fischer, a German biophysicist. They were married from 1933 to 1945, but some sources claim that his biological father was Hungarian physicist Paul Nemenyi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.449090957641602, "source": "search", "title": "Bobby Fischer - Biography - IMDb" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Adolph Rickenbacker", "Adolph Rickenbacher", "Adolf Rickenbacker" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "adolph rickenbacher", "adolf rickenbacker", "adolph rickenbacker" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "adolph rickenbacker", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Adolph Rickenbacker" }

[ { "answer": "Adolph Rickenbacker", "passage": "Electric guitars were originally designed by guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups. The first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum \"frying pan\" was built by Harry Watson, factory superintendent of the National Guitar Corporation. Commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation (Electro-Patent-Instrument Company), in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker (originally Rickenbacher), and Paul Barth. By 1934 the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company.", "precise_score": -0.6001397967338562, "rough_score": -4.300514221191406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Electric guitar" }, { "answer": "Adolph Rickenbacker", "passage": "Substantial production of the metal-body guitars began almost immediately. Beauchamp, acting as general manager, hired some of the most experienced and competent craftsmen available, including several members of his own family and the Dopyeras. He purchased equipment and located the new factory near Adolph Rickenbacker's tool and die shop. Rickenbacker (known to his friends as Rick) was a highly skilled production engineer with experience in a wide variety of manufacturing techniques. Swiss-born, he was also a relative of WWI flying ace Eddie Rickenbacker. Well equipped to manufacture metal bodies for the Nationals, Adolph owned one of the largest deep-drawing presses on the West Coast and soon carried the title of engineer in the National Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.553909778594971, "source": "search", "title": "Early History of Rickenbacker" }, { "answer": "Adolph Rickenbacker", "passage": "Adolph Rickenbacker had maintained other interests throughout Electro String's short history; he never had as much faith in the guitar business as his partners. Nevertheless, he continued instrument making until 1953 when he sold the company to F.C. Hall, a leading figure in the post-WWII Southern California music business. That sale marked the end of one era and the beginning of another, the dawn of modern Rickenbacker guitars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.710883617401123, "source": "search", "title": "Early History of Rickenbacker" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Samuel James Ervin Jr", "Samuel James Ervin Jr.", "Samuel Ervin", "Samuel J. Ervin Jr.", "Sam Ervin, Jr.", "Samuel James Ervin, Jr.", "Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "Sam J. Ervin", "Sam Ervin", "Sam J. Ervin, Jr.", "Samuel J. Ervin, Jr.", "Samuel J. Ervin", "Samuel James Ervin", "Samuel Ervin, Jr.", "Sam Ervin Jr." ], "normalized_aliases": [ "samuel james ervin", "sam ervin jr", "samuel james ervin jr", "sam j ervin", "samuel j ervin jr", "samuel ervin jr", "sam ervin", "sam j ervin jr", "samuel j ervin", "samuel ervin" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "sam ervin", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Sam Ervin" }

[ { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "On February 7, 1973, the United States Senate voted 77–0 to approve Senate Resolution and establish a select committee to investigate Watergate, with Sam Ervin named chairman the next day.[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942983-1,00.html \"WATERGATE RETROSPECTIVE: THE DECLINE AND FALL\"], Time, August 19, 1974 The hearings held by the Senate committee, in which Dean and other former administration officials testified, were broadcast from May 17 to August 7, 1973. The three major networks of the time agreed to take turns covering the hearings live, each network thus maintaining coverage of the hearings every third day, starting with ABC on May 17 and ending with NBC on August 7. An estimated 85% of Americans with television sets tuned into at least one portion of the hearings. ", "precise_score": 7.300647735595703, "rough_score": 8.833312034606934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Watergate scandal" }, { "answer": "Sam J. Ervin", "passage": "Sam J. Ervin -- The folksy chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee, who offered homespun lessons on constitutional law in televised Watergate hearings; those hearings dramatized the issues and personalities, allowing Americans to weigh the credibility of Watergate's key players for themselves.", "precise_score": 8.635873794555664, "rough_score": 8.545557975769043, "source": "search", "title": "AllPolitics - A Watergate Glossary - June 12, 1997" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "By the summer of 1973, the Watergate affair was a full-blown national scandal and the subject of two official investigations, one led by Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox , the other by North Carolina Senator Sam Ervin , chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee.", "precise_score": 7.138976573944092, "rough_score": 8.05532169342041, "source": "search", "title": "The Watergate Story - The Washington Post" }, { "answer": "Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "passage": "� Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr. Library and Museum �", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398725509643555, "source": "search", "title": "Watergate - Sam Ervin" }, { "answer": "Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "passage": "                                                                                    Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031009674072266, "source": "search", "title": "Watergate - Sam Ervin" }, { "answer": "Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "passage": "Senate Watergate Committee -- Chairman Sam J. Ervin Jr. (D-N.C.); Howard H. Baker, Jr. (R-Tenn.); Herman E.Talmadge (D-Ga.); Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii); Joseph M. Montoya (D-N.M.); Edward J. Gurney (R-Fla.); Lowell P. Weicker (R-Conn.). Only Inouye remains in the Senate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.880745887756348, "source": "search", "title": "AllPolitics - A Watergate Glossary - June 12, 1997" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "On May 17, 1973, Sen. Sam Ervin, D-N.C., gavelled in the first public hearing of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, better known as the Senate Watergate Committee. The impending result was almost unfathomable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7297356128692627, "source": "search", "title": "15 Figures Who Made Watergate an American Epic | PBS NewsHour" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "Sam Ervin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.413325309753418, "source": "search", "title": "15 Figures Who Made Watergate an American Epic | PBS NewsHour" }, { "answer": "Sam J. Ervin Jr.", "passage": "Sen. Sam J. Ervin Jr. was chairman of the Senate Watergate committee in 1973.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.929286956787109, "source": "search", "title": "15 Figures Who Made Watergate an American Epic | PBS NewsHour" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "May 17, 1973 - The Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities opens hearings into the Watergate incident, chaired by Sen. Sam Ervin (D, NC) . The hearings are televised nationally.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.874779224395752, "source": "search", "title": "Watergate Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "July 23, 1973 - In a letter to Sam Ervin, Nixon explains his reason for not turning over the presidential tapes as \"the special nature of tape recordings of private conversations is such that these principles (of executive privilege) apply with even greater force to tapes of private presidential conversations than to presidential papers.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058622360229492, "source": "search", "title": "Watergate Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Sam Ervin", "passage": "The scandal had spread beyond the original burglary. In April 1973, it was revealed that Watergate burglars, Hunt and Liddy, had broken into the office of the psychiatrist of Daniel Ellsberg, the former Defense Department analyst who gave the top-secret Pentagon papers to the New York Times. Seeking information to discredit Ellsberg, they found nothing and left undetected. In May, a Senator revealed that a young Nixon staffer named Tom Huston had developed a proposal for a domestic espionage office to monitor and harass the opponents of the president. The plan, never implemented, disclosed a \"Gestapo mentality,\" said Sam Ervin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3318586349487305, "source": "search", "title": "The Watergate Story - The Washington Post" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Alan Freed and payola", "Allan freed", "Alan Freed and the Payola Scandal", "Alan Freed", "Freed, Alan" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "alan freed and payola scandal", "alan freed and payola", "allan freed", "alan freed", "freed alan" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "alan freed", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Alan Freed" }

[ { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "In 1934, the song \"Rock and Roll\" by Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round. In 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term \"rock-and-roll\" to describe upbeat recordings such as \"Rock Me\" by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the \"Rock and Roll Inn\" in South Merchantville, New Jersey, was established as a music venue. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. ", "precise_score": 7.099949359893799, "rough_score": 5.950167655944824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "A legit Pittsburgh Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame should begin with Porky Chedwick, who started playing \"race\" records here in 1948, even before Alan Freed, who is credited with popularizing the phrase \"rock 'n' roll.\" It was the Daddio of the Raddio who launched rock 'n' roll in Pittsburgh, played the forbidden black artists, broke records nationally and literally drove our teenagers wild in the streets (Stanley Theatre 1953).", "precise_score": 8.905162811279297, "rough_score": 7.444772243499756, "source": "search", "title": "Commentary: Pittsburgh Rock Hall of Fame has to dig deeper ..." }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "One of the most important popularizers of rock and roll during the '50s, Alan Freed was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll. Often credited with coining the term rock and roll in 1951, ostensibly to avoid the stigma attached to R&B and so called race music, Freed opened the door to white acceptance of black music, eschewing white cover versions in favor of the R&B originals.", "precise_score": 9.501830101013184, "rough_score": 7.641101360321045, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "The ashes of Alan Freed, the disc jockey credited with popularizing the term \"rock 'n' roll,\" are no longer in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, but their final resting place won't be too far away.", "precise_score": 10.094151496887207, "rough_score": 8.937972068786621, "source": "search", "title": "alan-freeds-ashes-removed-from-the-rock-hall-will-stay-in ..." }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "In 1952 Alan Freed visited a Cleveland record store and learned that R&B records were being snapped up by white teenagers. Sensing the makings of something big, he changed the name of his popular music show on radio station WJW from \"Record Rendezvous\" to \"Moon Dog's Rock 'n' Roll House Party\" and began playing R&B tunes. Freed apparently used the term \"rock 'n' roll\" to describe the music because he thought the racial connotation of \"rhythm and blues\" might turn off the white audience. In any case, the term stuck.", "precise_score": 4.814445495605469, "rough_score": 3.025570869445801, "source": "search", "title": "The Straight Dope: Who invented the term \"rock 'n' roll\"?" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "New York radio station WINS announced the hiring of pioneer Rock disc jockey Alan Freed to be the host of their Rock 'n' Roll Party. As he did on his earlier Moondog's Rock 'n' Roll House Party Show on WJW in Cleveland, Freed programmed records by Black R&B artists that many White teenagers had never heard before. Freed is often credited with popularizing the term \"Rock and Roll\", although the phrase was first used in 1942 by Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker to describe upbeat recordings.", "precise_score": 9.11167049407959, "rough_score": 7.41005802154541, "source": "search", "title": "Rock 'n' Roll History For July 10 - - Classic Rock Bands" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Cleveland disc jockey Alan Freed in the 1950s is widely credited with popularizing the music and the term rock 'n' roll. Legendary bands in their early years, including the Beatles and Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, made sure to sample that fan base with Cleveland appearances. British rock star Ian Hunter even paid homage to the city with the song \"Cleveland Rocks,\" which later became the theme for \"The Drew Carey Show,\" which had some scenes and its storyline set in Cleveland.", "precise_score": 9.900142669677734, "rough_score": 8.707612991333008, "source": "search", "title": "Cleveland readies for rock 'n' roll party - The Boston Globe" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Some commentators have suggested a decline of rock and roll in the late 1950s and early 1960s. By 1959, the death of Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper and Ritchie Valens in a plane crash (February 1959), the departure of Elvis for the army (March 1958), the retirement of Little Richard to become a preacher (October 1957), the scandal surrounding Jerry Lee Lewis' marriage to his thirteen-year-old cousin (May 1958), the arrest of Chuck Berry (December 1959), and the breaking of the Payola scandal implicating major figures, including Alan Freed, in bribery and corruption in promoting individual acts or songs (November 1959), gave a sense that the initial phase of rock and roll had come to an end.M. Campbell, ed., Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on (Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), p. 99.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5511853098869324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "The phrase rocking and rolling originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but was used by the early twentieth century, both to describe a spiritual fervor and as a sexual analogy. Various gospel, blues and swing recordings used the phrase before it became used more frequently – but still intermittently – in the late 1930s and 1940s, principally on recordings and in reviews of what became known as rhythm and blues music aimed at a black audience. In 1951, Cleveland-based disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the term rock and roll to describe it. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7074143886566162, "source": "wiki", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "These songs were generally classed as \"race music\" or, from the late 1940s, \"rhythm and blues\", and were barely known by mainstream white audiences. However, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began broadcasting rhythm, blues, and country music for a multi-racial audience. Freed, familiar with the music of earlier decades, used the phrase rock and roll to describe the music he aired over station WJW (850 AM); its use is also credited to Freed's sponsor, record store owner Leo Mintz, who encouraged Freed to play the music on the radio. Originally Freed used the name \"Moondog\" for himself and any concerts or promotions he put on, because he used as his regular theme music a piece called \"Moondog Symphony\" by the street musician Louis \"Moondog\" Hardin. Hardin subsequently sued Freed on grounds that he was stealing his name and, since Freed was no longer allowed to use the term Moondog, he needed a new catchphrase. After a night of heavy drinking he and his friends came up with the name The Rock and Roll Party since he was already using the phrase Rock and Roll Session to describe the music he was playing. As his show became extremely popular, the term caught on and became widely used to describe the style of music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.18006357550621033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "In 1947, blues singer Roy Brown recorded \"Good Rocking Tonight\", a song that parodied church music by appropriating its references, including the word \"rocking\" and the gospel call \"Have you heard the news?\", relating them to very worldly lyrics about dancing, drinking and sex. The song became much more successful the following year when recorded by Wynonie Harris, whose version changed the steady blues rhythm to an uptempo gospel beat, and it was re-recorded by Elvis Presley in 1954 as his second single. A craze began in the rhythm and blues market for songs about \"rocking\", including \"We're Gonna Rock\" by Wild Bill Moore, the first commercially successful \"honking\" sax record, with the words \"We're gonna rock, we're gonna roll\" as a background chant. One of the most popular was \"Rock the Joint\", first recorded by Jimmy Preston in May 1949, and a R&B top 10 hit that year. Preston's version is often considered a prototype rock and roll song, and it was covered in 1952 by Bill Haley and the Saddlemen. Marshall Lytle, Haley's bass player, claimed that this was one of the songs that inspired Alan Freed to coin the phrase \"rock and roll\" to refer to the music he played.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.378078937530518, "source": "wiki", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "* \"Sixty Minute Man\" by the Dominoes, recorded on December 30, 1950, was the first (and most sexually explicit) big R&B hit to cross over to the pop charts. The group featured the gospel-style lead vocals of Clyde McPhatter (though not on this song), and appeared at many of Alan Freed's early shows. McPhatter later became lead singer of the Drifters, and then a solo star.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.274635314941406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "The 1992 book What Was the First Rock'n'Roll Record by Jim Dawson and Steve Propes discusses 50 contenders, from Illinois Jacquet's \"Blues, Part 2\" (1944) to Elvis Presley's \"Heartbreak Hotel\" (1956), without reaching a definitive conclusion. In their introduction, the authors claim that since the modern definition of rock 'n' roll was set by disc jockey Alan Freed's use of the term in his groundbreaking The Rock and Roll Show on New York's WINS in late 1954, as well as at his Rock and Roll Jubilee Balls at St. Nicholas Arena in January 1955, they chose to judge their candidates according to the music Freed spotlighted: R&B combos, black vocal groups, honking saxophonists, blues belters, and several white artists playing in the authentic R&B style (Bill Haley, Elvis Presley). The artists who appeared at Freed's earliest shows included orchestra leader Buddy Johnson, the Clovers, Fats Domino, Big Joe Turner, the Moonglows, Clyde McPhatter and the Drifters, and the Harptones. That, say Dawson and Propes, was the first music being called rock 'n' roll during that short time when the term caught on all over America. Because the honking tenor saxophone was the driving force at those shows and on many of the records Freed was playing, the authors began their list with a 1944 squealing and squawking live performance by Illinois Jacquet with Jazz at the Philharmonic in Los Angeles in mid-1944. That record, \"Blues, Part 2,\" was released as Stinson 6024 and is still in print as a CD on the Verve label. Several notable jazz greats accompanied Jacquet on \"Blues\" including Paul Leslie and Slim Nadine (the monikers employed by Les Paul and Nat \"King\" Cole, respectively, in order to appear at the JATP concert incognito).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9086995124816895, "source": "wiki", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285833358764648, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285833358764648, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "In 1954 Freed moved his show to WINS radio in NY. Within months the show was #1.   Freed began staging revues at Brooklyn Paramount where he often could be found on stage gyrating.  Freed appeared in a number of rock and roll movies such as  Don't Knock The Rock,  Rock Around The Clock, and  Rock, Rock, Rock. It was no surprise that these movies broadened the acceptance of rock and roll. The real surprise was Alan Freed in the flesh. In his mid-thirties Freed looked at least ten years older. Klutzy with little stage presence Freed  looked completely out of place. To many teens Freed looked like the ultimate adult.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7664337158203125, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "and Alan Freed being booked at a New York police station in May, 1960)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.403603553771973, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed's Gravestone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273605346679688, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "March 15, 1964 Freed was indicted by a federal grand jury for tax evasion. The IRS claimed that Freed owed $37,920 tax on unreported of $56,652 for the years 1957-59. Living in Palm Springs, California at the time, Freed was poor, unemployed and unemployable. Before he could answer the charges he entered a hospital suffering from uremia. Alan Freed died Jan 20, 1965 a penniless, broken man. He was 43.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.300929069519043, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed was inducted in to The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.406125068664551, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed - The History of Rock and Roll" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Depends what you mean by \"invent.\" The term was first used to describe a particular kind of music by Alan Freed, the legendary Cleveland disc jockey who was among the first to introduce black rhythm-and-blues music to a white audience. But the roots of the term go back much earlier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.354971885681152, "source": "search", "title": "The Straight Dope: Who invented the term \"rock 'n' roll\"?" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Bill Haley did not record \"Rock-a-Beatin' Boogie\" in 1952. \"Rock-Around-the-Clock\" was the first song he recorded for Decca Records (now MCA) in 1954. (I was there.) He also recorded the other song for Decca, but a year later. According to Alan Freed, the first time he used the term \"rock 'n' roll\" was when he first played RATC on his radio show at NYC station WINS.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9622437953948975, "source": "search", "title": "The Straight Dope: Who invented the term \"rock 'n' roll\"?" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall - LA Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037598609924316, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.021672248840332, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "An exhibit featuring an urn filled with the late DJ Alan Freed ’s ashes was recently removed from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, just a week or so after Beyoncé’s wardrobe moved in.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.783455848693848, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "“Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ousts DJ Alan Freed's ashes, adds Beyoncé’s leotards” read CNN’s headline. “Rock music is constantly reinventing itself,” stated a piece in Billboard, “such that even the style's initial promoter, Alan Freed, must eventually step aside to make room for Beyoncé.” ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.993517875671387, "source": "search", "title": "Alan Freed or Beyonce? False debate rages around Rock Hall" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Rock Hall of Fame boots DJ Alan Freed’s ashes - NY Daily News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988970756530762, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.587562561035156, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Rock Hall of Fame boots DJ Alan Freed’s ashes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.750718116760254, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland reportedly asked the family of legendary DJ Alan Freed to collect the late radio personality’s ashes, which were on display.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.715821266174316, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "The family of pioneering rock 'n' roll deejay Alan Freed has been told to haul his ashes out of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7243924736976624, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Freed, Alan", "passage": "Lance Freed, Alan's son, told the Plain Dealer that Hall Executive Director Greg Harris said to him, \"There's something strange, people walk past the exhibit and your dad's ashes and they scratch their heads and can't figure out what this thing is, and we'd like you to come pick up the ashes.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120817184448242, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Alan Freed was a WABC disc jockey in New York in April 1957.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.053135871887207, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "Harris told the paper that the Hall still \"loves\" Alan Freed and will keep all his artifacts except the ashes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263124465942383, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" }, { "answer": "Alan Freed", "passage": "A selection of Alan Freed posters are stored at the library and archives of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.258585929870605, "source": "search", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame boots out DJ Alan Freed’s ashes" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Let's do It", "Let's Do It (disambiguation)", "Let's do it", "Let's Do It" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "let s do it", "let s do it disambiguation" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "let s do it", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Let's do it" }

[ { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Convicted Murderer. First person to be executed in the United States when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976 after a ten year hiatus. Gary Gilmore dropped out of school at age fourteen and was a career criminal. He was on parole in the summer of 1976 when he murdered a motel clerk and a gas station attendant in two separate crimes which were committed a day apart. He was turned in to the police by his own cousin, who didn't want him to commit a third murder the following day. Gilmore wanted a speedy trial and was sentenced to death after his conviction for capital murder. He was one of the few people who fought the justice system to ensure that he would be executed quickly. His wish was carried out six months after the crimes on January 17, 1977, when he was executed by a firing squad in Utah. Norman Mailer wrote \"The Executioner's Song,\" which detailed the life of Gary Gilmore. The book won the Pulitzer Prize for 1980. Mailer's book was later produced into a made for TV movie. Gary Gilmore's last words were, \"Let's do it.\" (bio by: Anthony B)", "precise_score": 4.897116184234619, "rough_score": 6.206299781799316, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Gilmore (1940 - 1977) - Find A Grave Memorial" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1977, at 8:07 a.m. The night before, Gilmore had requested an all-night gathering of friends and family at the prison mess hall. On the evening before his execution, he was served a last meal consisting of a steak, potatoes, milk and coffee, of which he consumed only the milk and coffee. His uncle, Vern Damico, who attended the gathering later claimed to have secretly smuggled in three small, one-ounce Jack Daniels whisky shot bottles for Gilmore which he supposedly consumed. He was then taken to an abandoned cannery behind the prison which served as the prison's death house. He was strapped to a chair, with a wall of sandbags placed behind him to absorb the bullets. Five gunmen, local police, stood concealed behind a curtain with five small holes cut for them to place their rifles through which were aimed at him. After being asked for any last words, Gilmore simply replied, \"Let's do it!\" The Rev. Thomas Meersman, the Roman Catholic prison chaplain, imparted Gilmore's last rites. After the prison physician cloaked him in a black hood, Gilmore uttered his last words to Father Meersman:", "precise_score": 8.33170223236084, "rough_score": 8.602439880371094, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Bessie got the news that there had been a Stay, but then she saw on the television that her second son, Gary Mark Gilmore, had been executed. Some of his organs were donated before he was cremated, and his ashes were spread in three designated areas of Utah, including Spanish Fork. His immortal words, \"Let's do it,\" opened the door for other convicted criminals to be put to death. Since 1977, there have been 711 executions in the United States. [Katherine Ramsland has written a dozen books and numerous articles, as well as publishing folklore and short stories. After publishing two books in psychology, Engaging the Immediate and The Art of Learning, she wrote Prism of the Night: A Biography of Anne Rice. At that time, she had a cover story in Psychology Today on our culture's fascination with vampires. Then she wrote guide books to Anne Rice's fictional worlds: The Vampire Companion: The Official Guide to Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles, The Witches' Companion: The Official Guide to Anne Rice's Lives of the Mayfair Witches, The Roquelaure Reader: A Companion to Anne Rice's Erotica, and The Anne Rice Reader. Her next book was Dean Koontz: A Writer�s Biography, and then she ventured into journalism with Piercing the Darkness: Undercover with Vampires in America Today. She has also written for The New York Times Book Review, The Writer, Million: The Magazine of Popular Fiction, The Newark Star Ledger, Magical Blend, Publishers Weekly, and The Trenton Times. Her background in forensic studies positioned her to assist former FBI profiler John Douglas on his book, The Cases that Haunt Us. Ramsland holds master�s degrees, respectively, in clinical and forensic psychology and a Ph.D. in philosophy. She has been a professor at Rutgers University, a therapist, and a psycho-educator specializing in the psyche's dark side.]", "precise_score": 5.205162048339844, "rough_score": 4.685011863708496, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "In the morning at the time of execution, Gilmore was transported to an abandoned cannery behind the prison, which served as its death house. He was strapped to a chair, with a wall of sandbags placed behind him to trap the bullets. Five gunmen, local police officers, stood concealed behind a curtain with five small holes, through which they aimed their rifles. When asked for any last words, Gilmore simply replied, \"Let's do it.\" The Rev. Thomas Meersman, the Roman Catholic prison chaplain, administered the last rites to Gilmore. After the prison physician cloaked him in a black hood, Gilmore uttered his last words to Meersman: \"Dominus vobiscum\" (Latin, translation: \"The Lord be with you.\") Meersman replied, \"Et cum spiritu tuo\" (\"And with your spirit.\") ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.21701601147651672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gary Gilmore" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Let's do it", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.412814140319824, "source": "search", "title": "1977: Gilmore executed by firing squad - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "After the legal order had been read, Gilmore's last words were: \"Let's do it.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.527621269226074, "source": "search", "title": "1977: Gilmore executed by firing squad - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Season 2 episode 3 of \"Seinfeld\" that aired on February 6th 1991, originally had a reference to Gary Gilmore's line of \"Let's do it\" until the scene was changed during the final shoot. In the deleted scenes from the episode Jerry is trying to decide upon buying \"The Jacket\" when he finally remarks to Elaine: \"Well, in the immortal words of Gary Gilmore 'Let's do it'\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.227385997772217, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "On the TV sitcomRoseanne on Season 8, Episode 23: \"The Wedding\" that aired on May 7th 1996, Roseanne's daughter, Darlene says to her just before her wedding, \" Well in the words of Gary Gilmore, \"Let's Do It!\"\". The Welsh playwright Dic Edwards dramatised Gilmore's life in his 1995 play Utah Blue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3636865615844727, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Asked for last words, Gilmore said, \"Let's do it.\" Then to the priest delivering last rights, he said in Latin, \"There will always be a father.\" The countdown began. Gilmore appeared calm. There were three distinct shots. His head went forward into the strap, his right hand delicately lifted, then dropped. The spectators he'd requested to witness the event watched as blood flowed from his heart down his shirt and onto the floor. The doctor went forward to listen, and said that he was still alive. In twenty more seconds, it was over. Three lives had been tragically wasted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.406494617462158, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "As easy as pouring blood into water. Gilmore, alive for 36 unsuccessful years, attained celebrity by being the subject of the 1st American execution in nearly a decade. His official last words to the warden, witnesses and 5 anonymous gunmen with their .30-cal. rifles was: \"Let's do it.\"...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.283686876296997, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" }, { "answer": "Let's do it", "passage": "Asked if he had any last words, Gilmore said, \"Let's do it.\" Gilmore, who had vowed not to flinch before the firing squad, sat placidly, a hood covering his head, as five anonymous gunmen armed with .30-caliber rifles took aim and fired. Four of the rifles were loaded with live ammunition; one held a blank.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7439136505126953, "source": "search", "title": "Gary Mark Gilmore - Summary of Execution" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Socialite Ivana Trump initially gained national recognition as the first wife of billionaire Donald Trump , to whom she was wed from 1977 to 1992. Born Ivana Marie Zelnickova in 1949, she grew up in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia, just south of Prague, and established herself as a champion skier at an early age. After earning her masters in the dual arenas of physical education and languages, Ivana spent a number of years professionally coaching ski racers with then-paramour George Syrovatka in Montréal, Canada, then shifted gears and moved into modeling for the Audrey Morris agency during the 1970s -- a line of work that inadvertently brought her to New York City and introduced her to Donald Trump in 1976. The two married within a year and had three children: Ivanka Trump , Donald Trump Jr., and Eric Trump.", "precise_score": 5.920004844665527, "rough_score": 7.310790538787842, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump Biography - Fandango" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Ivana wasn’t always a Trump, though. Born Ivana Zelnícková, she grew up in what was then Czechoslovakia, and began skiing competitively at age 6. She says she was an alternate for the 1972 Czechoslovak Olympic ski team (there are disputes as to the validity of this claim). She was married from 1971 to 1973 to an Austrian skier, Alfred Winklmayr, and lived in Montreal, where she modeled and worked as a ski instructor.", "precise_score": 5.167673587799072, "rough_score": 6.997981071472168, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump on how she advises Donald — and those hands ..." }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "And of course, Trump's first wife, Ivana, was an immigrant too. Born in Czechoslovakia, she married an Austrian ski instructor in order to get a foreign passport to leave the communist country, her divorce lawyer has said.", "precise_score": 4.571128845214844, "rough_score": 6.80103874206543, "source": "search", "title": "Donald Trump's immigrant wives - CNNPolitics.com" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Ivana Zelníčková was born in the Moravian town of Zlín (before known as Gottwaldov), Czechoslovakia, the daughter of Miloš Zelníček and Marie Francová. From a very young age, her father nurtured and encouraged her skiing talent. She has claimed that she was selected as an alternate on the 1972 Czechoslovak Olympic Ski Team. However, in 1989, Petr Pomezny, Secretary General of the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee, stated, \"Who is this Ivana woman, and why do people keep calling us about her? We have searched so many times and have consulted many, many people, and there is no such girl in our records.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2831778526306152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ivana Trump" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "In 1971 Ivana married real estate agent Alfred Winklmayr. They were divorced in 1973. She left Czechoslovakia for Canada to be with a childhood friend, George Syrovatka, who owned a ski boutique there. For the following two years, she lived in Montreal, improved her English by taking night courses at McGill University, and worked as a model for some of Canada's top fur companies. Ivana then left Syrovatka and moved to New York to promote the Montreal Olympics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8149895668029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ivana Trump" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "After obtaining a Masters degree in physical education at Charles University in Prague, Ivana emigrated to Canada. She had married an Austrian skier, Alfred Winklmayr, in 1971, meaning she was able to leave Communist-controlled Czechoslovakia. After learning English in Toronto, she moved to Montreal where she got a job as a model and spent two successful years on the catwalks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.345459938049316, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump. Biography, news, photos and videos - HELLO US" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "While Ivana says she’s not political — “I was born in a Communist country [Czechoslovakia] and I don’t like politics” — she frets that America has lost its prestige. “We have to get it back.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8406498432159424, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump on how she advises Donald — and those hands ..." }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Ivana Trump, who was born in Czechoslovakia, has a fairly narrow view of her fellow immigrants. \"As long as you come here legally and get a proper job... we need immigrants,\" she said. \"Who's going to vacuum our living rooms and clean up after us? Americans don't like to do that.\" Allowing that the idea of vacuuming her own living room or cleaning up after herself does not seem to have entered into her mind, Ms. Trump's comments reveal a fundamental ignorance about the lives of immigrants as well as American workers. In most states, housekeeper is not actually the most common profession for immigrants. According to an analysis of U.S. Census data by Business Insider, a majority of housekeepers and maids are American-born. The most common job held by immigrants in Donald Trump's home state of New York, for example, is home health care aide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.795557975769043, "source": "search", "title": "From Ivana, More Trump Immigration Foolishness" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Socialite Ivana Trump initially gained national recognition as the first wife of billionaire [[Performer~P71941~Donald Trump~donaldtrump]], to whom she was wed from 1977 to 1992. Born Ivana Marie Zelnickova in 1949, she grew up in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia, just south of Prague, and established herself as a champion skier at an early age. After earning her masters in the dual arenas of physical education and languages, Ivana spent a number of years professionally coaching ski racers with then-paramour George Syrovatka in Montréal, Canada, then shifted gears and moved into modeling for the Audrey Morris agency during the 1970s -- a line of work that inadvertently brought her to New York City and introduced her to [[Performer~P71941~Donald Trump~donaldtrump]] in 1976. The two married within a year and had three children: [[Performer~P355841~Ivanka Trump~ivankatrump]], Donald Trump Jr., and Eric Trump.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.614503383636475, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump Biography | Movies.com" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "His first wife, Ivana, was born in Czechoslovakia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.135985255241394, "source": "search", "title": "Donald Trump's immigrant wives - CNNPolitics.com" }, { "answer": "Czechoslovakia", "passage": "Socialite Ivana Trump initially gained national recognition as the first wife of billionaire Donald Trump, to whom she was wed from 1977 to 1992. Born Ivana Marie Zelnickova in 1949, she grew up in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia, just south of Prague, and established herself as a champion skier at an early age. After earning her masters in the dual arenas of physical education and languages, Ivana spent a number of years professionally coaching ski racers with then-paramour George Syrovatka in Montréal, Canada, then shifted gears and moved into modeling for the Audrey Morris agency during the 1970s -- a line of work that inadvertently brought her to New York City and introduced her to Donald Trump in 1976. The two married within a year and had three children: Ivanka Trump, Donald Trump Jr., and Eric Trump. As Mrs. Trump, Ivana worked for many years as vice president of interior design for the Trump Organization. Following their much-publicized and ballyhooed divorce (an event that occupied an inordinate number of tabloid pages and headlines), she established two of her own companies, Ivana, Inc. and Ivana Haute Couture; graced numerous print advertisements for a plethora of brands; and significantly (like her ex-husband) moved into work as on-camera talent, as the subject of her own Lifetime network biography special, Intimate Portrait: Ivana Trump (2001) and the host of her own reality television special, Ivana Young Man on the Oxygen Channel. The program traveled behind the scenes to witness Trump guiding an affluent young socialite into marriage with the proper suitor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.675633430480957, "source": "search", "title": "Ivana Trump - Microsoft Store" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Bob Fosse", "Robert Fosse", "Robert Louis Fosse", "Mary Ann Niles" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "mary ann niles", "robert fosse", "robert louis fosse", "bob fosse" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "bob fosse", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Bob Fosse" }

[ { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "The 1972 film version of Cabaret was just as successful as its stage debut, due in part to its magnetic leading lady, Liza Minnelli. But the young actress had initially tried out for the Broadway musical, and didn't get the part of Sally. \"I knew I'd get the movie for some reason,\" Minnelli told The Huffington Post . \"I remember saying to myself, 'That's all right, I'll do the film.\" Minnelli not only got her wish, but she won an Oscar for her performance, alongside original Broadway star Joel Grey as the Emcee and director Bob Fosse. And as an added bonus, the film basically revived the whole concept of the movie musical, which had been languishing for years. Thanks, guys!", "precise_score": 3.759068250656128, "rough_score": 4.6285505294799805, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret Undressed! The Real-Life Stories Behind the Gritty ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Also, logically speaking, Sally shouldn't be too good a singer; she's supposed to be a second-rate performer who'll never make it out of the third-rate Kit Kat Klub. Judith Newmark wrote in the St. Louis Post Dispatch that Sally is more pose than talent onstage and more pose than heart offstage, and that perfectly captures this deliciously complex character. That's how Sally is portrayed in the stories on which Cabaret is based. Unfortunately, that creates a practical problem � how do you put a second-rate singer in a leading role in a musical? In the original Broadway production, Hal Prince cast Jill Haworth specifically because she wasn't a great singer, and the critics blasted him for it. In Bob Fosse's movie version, he cast Liza Minnelli, who turned in an amazing performance, yet we could never believe that this astounding singer was stuck in anonymity in a seedy little night club.", "precise_score": 0.37362468242645264, "rough_score": 2.744877576828003, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret - New Line Theatre" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Since the 20th century, the \"book musical\" has been defined as a musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals that is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter. The three main components of a book musical are its music, lyrics and book. The book or script of a musical refers to the story, character development, and dramatic structure, including the spoken dialogue and stage directions, but it can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to as the libretto (Italian for “little book”). The music and lyrics together form the score of a musical and includes songs; incidental music; and musical scenes, which are \"theatrical sequence[s] set to music, often combining song with spoken dialogue.\" The interpretation of a musical by is influenced by its creative team, which includes a director, a musical director, usually a choreographer and sometimes an orchestrator. A musical's production is also creatively characterized by technical aspects, such as set design, costumes, stage properties (props), lighting and sound, which generally change from the original production to succeeding productions. Some famous production elements, however, may be retained from the original production; for example, Bob Fosse's choreography in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3558645248413086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Musical theatre" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Although directors and choreographers have had a major influence on musical theatre style since at least the 19th century, George Abbott and his collaborators and successors took a central role in integrating movement and dance fully into musical theatre productions in the Golden Age.Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/dancestage3.htm \"Dance in Stage Musicals – Part III\"], Musicals101.com, 2003, accessed August 14, 2012 Abbott introduced ballet as a story-telling device in On Your Toes in 1936, which was followed by Agnes DeMille's ballet and choreography in Oklahoma!. After Abbott collaborated with Jerome Robbins in On the Town and other shows, Robbins combined the roles of director and choreographer, emphasizing the story-telling power of dance in West Side Story, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962) and Fiddler on the Roof (1964). Bob Fosse choreographed for Abbott in The Pajama Game (1956) and Damn Yankees (1957), injecting playful sexuality into those hits. He was later the director-choreographer for Sweet Charity (1968), Pippin (1972) and Chicago (1975). Other notable director-choreographers have included Gower Champion, Tommy Tune, Michael Bennett, Gillian Lynne and Susan Stroman. Prominent directors have included Hal Prince, who also got his start with Abbott, and Trevor Nunn. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6538372039794922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Musical theatre" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "When Bob Fosse made the film version of Cabaret in 1972, he jettisoned all the traditional book songs, and the piece became a full-fledged concept musical. In 1987, when Prince revived the stage version, the show's creators went back and revised the show again, putting back the homosexuality in the story, incorporating some improvements from the film version, trying things audiences had not been ready for in 1966. In 1993, Sam Mendes went even further with a production at London�s Donmar Warehouse, trimming the show�s fat, better focusing the show�s central metaphor, and creating yet another version that better integrates the two separate styles Prince first created. In Mendes� version (London, 1993; Broadway, 1998), the entire show was placed in the Kit Kat Klub, on the club stage, and the dialogue scenes became �acts� in the club. This better integrated the two parts of the show and eliminated the wall between actors and audience, placing the audience on three sides of the stage, only a few feet from the action, rather than across an orchestra pit, involving them in the action.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.7163009643554688, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret - New Line Theatre" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Bob Fosse", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273791313171387, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret (1972) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Director/choreographer Bob Fosse tells his own life story as he details the sordid life of Joe Gideon, a womanizing, drug-using dancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.390434265136719, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret (1972) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bob Fosse", "passage": "Director: Bob Fosse", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233148574829102, "source": "search", "title": "Cabaret (1972) - IMDb" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Desiring more creative control, Cortés formed the Joaquín Cortés Flamenco Ballet company and launched his first international tour 'Cibayí' in 1992. The formation of Cortés' own company allowed him to diverge from purist ballet and create his own fusion of flamenco, ballet and modern dance. In 1995, in addition to being featured in two international films- 'La flor de mi secreto' (The Flower of My Secret) and Carlos Saura's 'Flamenco', Joaquín Cortés embarked on what is often considered his most successful venture, 'Pasión Gitana' (Gypsy Passion). 'Pasión Gitana' marked the beginning of Cortés' recognition for not only his prowess as a dancer, but also as a choreographer and artistic director. In 1999 Cortés was the subject of a documentary film and he launched a successful tour of 'Soul' across North and South America. In the 1990s Joaquín Cortés gained notoriety for his close relationships with high-profile celebrities such as Naomi Campbell, Giorgio Armani and Mira Sorvino.", "precise_score": 2.080376386642456, "rough_score": 5.607642650604248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Joaquín Cortés" }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Die schoensten Frauen der welt—Naomi Campbell, 1996.", "precise_score": -7.516851425170898, "rough_score": -9.217724800109863, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "   A few years ago the press talked a lot about his relationship with supermodel Naomi Campbell, then there were rumours about him and Jennifer Lopez. But Joaquin likes to keep his private life private. He is single although he adores children and wants to get married and have a very big family. He is still waiting for the right girl to come along. And meanwhile he makes his own choreography, he dances, he tours the world with his company. Once he said that he would retire at 33, but when the deadline was approaching he decided he still had a lot to do and he has plenty to occupy   his time at present – new plans, new shows, new dances.", "precise_score": 1.8775732517242432, "rough_score": -2.85172438621521, "source": "search", "title": "Материал (7 класс) по теме: дополнительный материал для 7 ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Naomi Campbell facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Naomi Campbell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.485679626464844, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "With looks that some have described as exotic—her grandmother was a Chinese native of Jamaica—Naomi Campbell has become a familiar figure on the covers of leading American and European fashion publications. She has appeared in Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and Elle, and was the first black woman ever to appear on the cover of the French edition of Vogue. Not content with modeling alone, Campbell has broadened her career to include singing, acting, and a variety of business ventures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.135082244873047, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "The next step in Campbell’s ever-diversifying career was the development of her own line of fragrances. Produced by Cosmopolitan Cosmetics, her first perfume, Naomi Campbell, hit stores in Japan, Germany , the United Arab Emirates , and Australia in the fall of 1999. U.S. stores welcomed the fragrance to their shelves in June of 2000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.387458801269531, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Naomi Campbell was only the first in a whole line of fragrances. Campbell’s second fragrance, Naomagic, was released in the fall of 2000. According to European Cosmetic Markets, this follow-up was “said to free the magical attraction of a woman.” Campbell turned to her favorite flower, the lily of the valley, for inspiration in creating this scent. The design for the flacon containing the perfume was also inspired by two stones that she has always carried in her handbag: a rock crystal for energy and a stone talisman for good luck.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13848876953125, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Fashion Kingdom: Naomi Campbell (documentary; also known as Naomi Conquers Africa), VH1, 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.463150978088379, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Intimate Portrait: Naomi Campbell, Lifetime, 2001.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.499174118041992, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Herself, \"Naomi Campbell,\" Revealed with Jules Asner, E! Entertainment Television, 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.978999137878418, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "\"Naomi Campbell,\" Tyra Banks, UPN, 2005.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247628211975098, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Deemed “the reigning megamodel of them all” in Interview magazine, London-born Naomi Campbell is one of the world’s most in-demand and highly paid models. Campbell earns over $1 million annually; for a single day’s work she can bring in upwards of $10,000. With looks that some have described as exotic—her grandmother was a Chinese native of Jamaica— Campbell is a familiar figure on the covers of leading American and European fashion publications. She has appeared in Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and Elle, and holds the distinction of being the first ethnic woman ever to appear on the cover of the French edition of Vogue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.681074142456055, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi Campbell Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia ..." }, { "answer": "Naomi Campbell", "passage": "Naomi Campbell lashed out at an aide because she felt overwhelmed with desperation at her disastrous love life, friends claimed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173036575317383, "source": "search", "title": "Naomi 'lashed out over fears of being left on the shelf ..." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Gucci", "passage": "Last May, Versace's brother, Santo, was convicted of bribery along with two of Italy's leading designers. In 1995, Maurizio Gucci, of the luggage-to-frocks luxury goods dynasty, was shot dead outside his office in Milan. His wife, Patrizia Reggiani Martinelli, was arrested and charged with ordering his murder earlier this year. As Versace acknowledged in an interview two years ago, there have been rumours - vigorously denied by the family - that the company founded to market his creations had underworld links. In 1995, the Independent on Sunday paid substantial damages for what it admitted were libels about his business practices.", "precise_score": 5.813534736633301, "rough_score": 5.107542991638184, "source": "search", "title": "Fashion designer Versace shot dead: from the archive, 16 ..." }, { "answer": "Gucci", "passage": "In 1983, Prada began expansion across continental Europe and the US and later Japan. The company went on an ultimately unsuccessful merger and purchasing spree which slowed in the 2000s. Prada manufactures its wares in Italy, apparently keeping labor costs down by using Chinese laborers at the plants. Prada, along with Calvin Klein and Gucci, is known for the practice of casting new models to walk exclusively in their runway shows. An exclusive or opening spot in a Prada show is among the most coveted bookings in the modeling world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.859532356262207, "source": "search", "title": "Italian Fashion Designers - Our Top Six Selection" } ]

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[ { "answer": "38", "passage": "When Composer George Gershwin crumpled in Hollywood last fortnight, doctors called it overwork. Last week, when he collapsed again they found a cystic tumor growing fast in his brain. Doctors at Hollywood's Cedars of Lebanon Hospital sent a hurry call to Dr. Walter Edward Dandy, great brain surgeon at Johns Hopkins. Gershwin sank so fast they had to operate before Dandy could get there. Next morning at 10:35 a. m., while his brother Ira watched over him, George Gershwin died. Serious musicians joined pluggers and crooners to mourn the 38-year-old composer who...", "precise_score": 7.0535783767700195, "rough_score": 6.440612316131592, "source": "search", "title": "Music: Death of Gershwin - TIME" }, { "answer": "38", "passage": "WHEN George Gershwin died in 1937 at the tragically early age of 38, his doctors said he had been suffering from a fast-growing malignant brain tumor. But a pathologist in Louisiana has come up with another diagnosis -- that the tumor may have been slow-growing and treatable, even with the technology of the time.", "precise_score": 9.325409889221191, "rough_score": 8.352264404296875, "source": "search", "title": "CHECKUPS - Gershwin Diagnosis - It Ain't Necessarily So ..." }, { "answer": "38", "passage": "Early in 1937, Gershwin began to complain of blinding headaches and a recurring impression that he smelled burning rubber. On February 11, 1937, Gershwin performed his Piano Concerto in F in a special concert of his music with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under the direction of French maestro Pierre Monteux. Gershwin, normally a superb pianist in his own compositions, suffered coordination problems and blackouts during the performance. He was at the time living with his brother Ira, and Ira's wife Leonore in a rented house in Beverly Hills while they worked on other Hollywood film projects. Leonore Gershwin began to be disturbed by George's mood swings and his seeming inability to eat without spilling food at the dinner table. She suspected the onset of mental illness and she insisted he be moved out of their house to lyricist Yip Harburg's empty quarters nearby, where he was placed in the care of his valet, Paul Mueller. The headaches and olfactory hallucinations continued, and on June 23, after an incident in which Gershwin tried to push Mueller out of the car in which they were riding, Gershwin was admitted to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles for observation. Tests showed no physical cause and he was released on the 26th with a diagnosis of \"likely hysteria.\" His troubles with coordination and mental acuity worsened, and on the night of July 9, Gershwin collapsed in Harburg's house, where he had been working on the score of The Goldwyn Follies. He was rushed back to Cedars of Lebanon, where he fell into a coma. Only at that point did it become obvious to his doctors that he was suffering from a brain tumor. Leonore called George's close friend Emil Mosbacher and explained the dire need to find a neurosurgeon. Mosbacher immediately called pioneering neurosurgeon Dr. Harvey Cushing in Boston, who, retired for several years by then, recommended Dr. Walter Dandy, who was on a boat fishing in Chesapeake Bay with the governor of Maryland. Mosbacher then called the White House and had a Coast Guard cutter sent to find the governor's yacht and bring Dandy quickly to shore. Mosbacher then chartered a plane and flew Dandy to Newark Airport, where he was to catch a plane to Los Angeles; however, by that time, Gershwin's condition was judged to be critical and the need for surgery immediate. An attempt by doctors at Cedars to excise the tumor was made in the early hours of the 11th, but it proved unsuccessful, and Gershwin died on the morning of July 11, 1937, at the age of 38.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.164701461791992, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Gershwin" }, { "answer": "38", "passage": "* The Goldwyn Follies (1938), posthumously released", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.154796600341797, "source": "wiki", "title": "George Gershwin" }, { "answer": "38", "passage": "1936 - age 38: commissioned by RKO to compose score for 'Shall We Dance'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.29708194732666, "source": "search", "title": "George Gershwin - the American composer - in a nutshell." }, { "answer": "38", "passage": "1937 - age 38: collapsed in Hollywood while working on the score of 'The Goldwyn Follies'. Died following surgery on his brain tumor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.424901008605957, "source": "search", "title": "George Gershwin - the American composer - in a nutshell." } ]

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[ { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Those awarded the Nobel Peace Prize were: Ralph Bunche, Albert John Lutheli, Martin Luther King Jr., Anwar El Sadat, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, Kofi Annan, Wangari Maathi, Barack Obama, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and Leymah Gbowee. Those Awarded with the Nobel Prize in Literature were: Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Toni Morrison. The only black person who as ever received a Nobel Prize in Economics is, as mentioned earlier, Sir William Arthur Lewis. No black man or woman has ever received a Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, or medicine.", "precise_score": 8.609370231628418, "rough_score": 7.609456539154053, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of black Nobel laureates" }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Dr. Ralph J. Bunche (pictured) achieved a few firsts as an African American, but none may be more more notable than the political scientist and academic winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. Becoming the first Black person to win the coveted award, Dr. Bunche maintained a dignified stance despite the rampant segregation he and others like him faced.", "precise_score": 9.58464527130127, "rough_score": 6.6648993492126465, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Blacks have been the recipients in three of six award categories: eleven in Peace, three in Literature, and one in Economics. The first black recipient, Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1950. The most recent, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded their Peace prizes in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.1599884033203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of black Nobel laureates" }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Regional crises represented nothing new in the Cold War. The Nobel Committee had previously awarded prizes to those who had worked to solve such crises, whether this be the crucial Franco-German conflict or the war between Paraguay and Bolivia. With the Cold War and the end of Western colonial rule over large parts of the world, such crises took on added prominence, also for the Nobel Committee. The situation in the Middle East was particularly difficult. In 1950 Ralph Bunche and in 1957 Lester Pearson had received the Peace Prize for their efforts there. In 1978, Egyptian President Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were honored for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel. This agreement too, proved controversial. Only Begin came to Oslo to receive the award. A technicality prevented the American president, Jimmy Carter, from being the third Laureate; the committee actually wanted to include him, but he had not been nominated when the deadline expired on February 1 of that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8381330966949463, "source": "search", "title": "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000" }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "1. Ralph Bunche", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22754192352295, "source": "search", "title": "Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One" }, { "answer": "Ralph Johnson Bunche", "passage": "Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first person of color to be so honored in the history of the Prize.[6] He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations and in 1963, received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. [WIKIPEDIA]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.110020637512207, "source": "search", "title": "Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One" }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "*On this date in 1950, Ralph Bunche received the Nobel Prize. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his successful mediation of a series of armistice agreements between the (then) new nation of Israel and four Arab neighbors, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0286600589752197, "source": "search", "title": "First Black receives Nobel Peace Prize | African American ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day In 1950 | News One", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8282220363616943, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph Johnson Bunche", "passage": "Born Ralph Johnson Bunche on August 7, 1903, or 1904 in Detroit, his early life involved some shuffling around before settling with his family in New Mexico. As a young boy, he lost his mother and brother, which led to he and his sister relocating to Los Angeles to live with his grandmother, Lucy Taylor Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263967514038086, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Learn more about Dr. Ralph J. Bunche here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360932350158691, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Tommy Watson", "Tom Watson (politician)", "Tom Watson MP", "Tommy Watson (footballer)", "Thomas Watson", "Thomas Watson (disambiguation)", "Thomas Watson (MP)", "Tom Watson", "Watson, Thomas" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "tommy watson", "thomas watson disambiguation", "thomas watson mp", "watson thomas", "tommy watson footballer", "tom watson mp", "tom watson", "thomas watson", "tom watson politician" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "tom watson", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "Tom Watson" }

[ { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "'Between 1986 and 1997, Norman's last year at number one, there were only five players who finished the year at number one: Norman, Ballesteros, Ian Woosnam, Nick Price and Nick Faldo. Of those five, only Faldo achieved that feat more than once. Norman dominated the world rankings, yet only won the money title on the PGA Tour three times in his career and only ever won titles in one major championship, winning the British Open twice. Other golfers of the era were big winners in the majors: Tom Watson won five British Opens, a U.S. Open, and two Masters, failing to capture the career Grand Slam by never winning the PGA Championship. Faldo won two Masters and three British Opens while Ballesteros accomplished the same feat, and Curtis Strange became the first player since Ben Hogan in the 1950's to win back-to-back U.S. Opens, winning in '88 and '89 (and no player has done so since). But on the horizon as the calendar turned to the late '90s was a player that would capture golf's attention and awards like almost no one else before.'", "precise_score": 3.8058478832244873, "rough_score": 7.1769022941589355, "source": "search", "title": "History of The Game Of Golf Including it's origins" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "The USGA has granted a special exemption to 34 players 52 times since 1966. Players with multiple special exemptions include: Arnold Palmer (1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1994), Seve Ballesteros (1978, 1994), Gary Player (1981, 1983), Lee Trevino (1983, 1984), Hale Irwin (1990, 2002, 2003), Jack Nicklaus (1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000), Tom Watson (1993, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2010).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.214751243591309, "source": "wiki", "title": "U.S. Open (golf)" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "'With the official addition of the European Tour, and its subsequent legitimization among the world's top golfers, more and more golfers began splitting their time between the European and PGA Tours. Many golfers (non-Americans) would primarily play on the European Tour, then play in the major tournaments in the U.S. This led to a problem for the Royal and Ancient Club: their system of invitation to the British Open was now leaving out many top golfers because they split time between the tours. This led to the development of the World Golf Rankings. This system, endorsed by the four majors and the six top international golf tours, ranks the world's golfers on a points system, derived from their finishes in tournaments. The rankings were first released prior to the 1986 Masters Tournament - the top six were Bernhard Langer, Seve Ballesteros, Sandy Lyle, Tom Watson, Mark O'Meara and Greg Norman. Interestingly, the top three were all European players - none of them ever finished as the money or wins leader on the PGA Tour. However, that first year, Greg Norman ended the year ranked number one, which he would do six more times in his career, a record when he retired. Only one other golfer would tally more year-end number ones than Norman�but we'll get to him later.'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.006155014038086, "source": "search", "title": "History of The Game Of Golf Including it's origins" }, { "answer": "Tom Watson", "passage": "1982 U.S. Open: Pebble Beach Golf Links (Tom Watson)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8214118480682373, "source": "search", "title": "U.S. Senior Open Championship Facts - USGA" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Three", "passage": "By virtue of his long and prolific career, Connors still holds three prominent Open Era singles records: 109 titles (the only man to win 100), 1535 matches played, and 1256 match wins. His titles include eight majors (five US Opens, two Wimbledons, and one Australian Open), three year-end championships, and 17 Grand Prix Super Series. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three majors in a calendar year, and his total career match win rate of 81.8% remains in the top four of the era. He is the first male player to win 5 US Open titles, a record tied by Sampras and Federer.", "precise_score": 6.338378429412842, "rough_score": 4.930610179901123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors was acquiring a reputation as a maverick in 1972 when he refused to join the newly formed Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), the union that was embraced by most male professional players, in order to play in and dominate a series of smaller tournaments organized by Bill Riordan, his manager. However, Connors played in other tournaments and won the 1973 US Pro Singles, his first significant title, toppling Arthur Ashe in a five-set final, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2.", "precise_score": 5.298350811004639, "rough_score": 5.56074857711792, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In 1974, Connors was the dominant player. He had a 99–4 record that year and won 15 tournaments, including three of the four Grand Slam singles titles. The French Open did not allow Connors to participate due to his association with World Team Tennis (WTT). However, he won the Australian Open, defeating Phil Dent in four sets. He also beat Ken Rosewall in straight sets in the finals of both Wimbledon and the US Open. His exclusion from the French Open denied him the opportunity to become the first male player since Rod Laver to win all four Major singles titles in a calendar year.", "precise_score": 5.857270240783691, "rough_score": 7.339149475097656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Connors reached the final of the US Open in five straight years from 1974 through 1978, winning three times with each win being on a different surface (1974 on grass, 1976 on clay and 1978 on hard). He reached the final of Wimbledon four out of five years during his peak (1974, 1975, 1977 and 1978). Despite not being allowed to play in the French Open for a number of years, he was still able to reach the semifinals four times in his career.", "precise_score": 9.313905715942383, "rough_score": 8.77609634399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In the open era, Connors is one of only six men to win three or more Grand Slam singles titles in a calendar year. Others include: Rod Laver who won the Grand Slam in 1969; Mats Wilander won the Australian, French and US Open in 1988; Roger Federer won the Australian, Wimbledon and US Open in 2004, 2006 and 2007; Rafael Nadal won the French, Wimbledon, and US Open in 2010; and Novak Djokovic won the Australian, Wimbledon, and US Open in 2011 and 2015.", "precise_score": 5.490079402923584, "rough_score": 7.059812068939209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Nastase was another rival in Connors' prime. Though six years older than Connors, Nastase won ten of their first 11 meetings. However, Connors won eleven of their final fourteen meetings. The two would team up to win the doubles championships at the 1973 Wimbledon and the 1975 US Open.", "precise_score": 6.46391487121582, "rough_score": 7.369985103607178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Orantes upset Connors in the final of the 1975 US Open, but Connors is 11–3 overall against Orantes in tour events. On the other hand, Vilas wore down Connors in the final of the 1977 US Open and was much more competitive in all of their meetings. Connors was only able to manage a 5–4 record against Vilas in tour events.", "precise_score": 3.6944594383239746, "rough_score": 5.628569602966309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Connors played Newcombe in four tour events, with Newcombe winning the first two meetings on grass (1973 US Open quarterfinal and 1975 Australian Open final) and Connors winning the last two on hard courts (1978 Sydney Indoor quarterfinal and 1979 Hong Kong round of 16). Connors won all three meetings with Rod Laver in tour events.", "precise_score": 6.3470892906188965, "rough_score": 7.756627559661865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors had shining moments against John McEnroe and Ivan Lendl, both of whom rose to prominence after Connors peaked in the mid-1970s. He would continue to compete against much younger players and had one of the most remarkable comebacks for any athlete when he reached the semifinals of the 1991 US Open at the age of 39.", "precise_score": 4.3511152267456055, "rough_score": 4.575035572052002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors defeated another of the next generation of tennis stars, Ivan Lendl, in the 1982 US Open final and soon regained the world No. 1 ranking. Connors has a tour record of 13–22 against Lendl, but Lendl is seven years younger than Connors and had a losing record against Connors until he won their last seventeen matches from 1984 through 1992, after Connors' prime. Head to head in major championship finals, Connors took both meetings, winning the 1982 and 1983 US Open.", "precise_score": 5.765244007110596, "rough_score": 7.493829727172852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In the fourth round of the 1987 Wimbledon Championships, Connors defeated Mikael Pernfors, ten years his junior, 1–6, 1–6, 7–5, 6–4, 6–2, after having trailed 4–1 in the third set and 3–0 in the fourth set. In July 1988, Connors ended a four-year title drought by winning the Sovran Bank Tennis Classic in Washington, D.C. It was the 106th title of his career. Connors had played in 56 tournaments and 12 finals since his previous victory in the Tokyo Indoors against Lendl in October 1984.", "precise_score": 4.2819037437438965, "rough_score": 5.450418472290039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors recuperated and made an improbable run to the 1991 US Open semifinals which he later said were \"the best 11 days of my tennis career.\" On his 39th birthday he defeated 24-year-old Aaron Krickstein, 3–6, 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6, in 4 hours and 41 minutes, coming back from a 2–5 deficit in the final set. Connors then defeated Paul Haarhuis in the quarterfinals before losing to Jim Courier. 22 years later ESPN aired a documentary commemorating Connors' run.", "precise_score": 3.714378595352173, "rough_score": 6.77044153213501, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors participated in his last major tournament in the 1992 US Open, where he beat Jaime Oncins, 6–1, 6–2, 6–3, in the first round, before losing to Lendl (then ranked no. 7), 6–3, 3–6, 2–6, 0–6, in the second round.", "precise_score": 4.084553241729736, "rough_score": 4.888795375823975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors won a male record 109 singles titles. He also won 15 doubles titles (including the men's doubles titles at Wimbledon in 1973 and the US Open in 1975).", "precise_score": 7.319129467010498, "rough_score": 7.323512077331543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors won more matches (1,337) than any other male professional tennis player in the open era. His career win-loss record was 1,337–285 for a winning percentage of 82.4. He played 401 tournaments and through many years it was a record until Fabrice Santoro overcame it in 2008. ", "precise_score": 6.5662078857421875, "rough_score": 5.212204456329346, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Connors was the only player to win the US Open on three different surfaces: grass, clay, and hard. He was also the first male tennis player to win Grand Slam singles titles on three different surfaces: grass (1974), clay (1976), and hard (1978).", "precise_score": 6.640772342681885, "rough_score": 7.188755035400391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In Grand Slam Singles events, Connors reached the semifinals or better a total of 31 times and the quarterfinals or better a total of 41 times. These achievements are particularly remarkable considering that he entered the Australian Open Men's Singles only twice and did not enter the French Open Men's Singles for five of his peak career years. The 31 semifinals stood as a record until surpassed by Roger Federer at Wimbledon 2012. The 41 quarterfinals remained an all-time record until Roger Federer surpassed it at Wimbledon 2014.", "precise_score": 5.981881618499756, "rough_score": 5.662635326385498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In 1978 the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills, Queens to the larger USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. In the process, the tournament switched the court surface from clay, used in the last three years at Forest Hills, to hard courts. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on all three surfaces (grass, clay, hardcourt), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win on two surfaces (clay, hardcourt).", "precise_score": 3.896005630493164, "rough_score": 6.167646408081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": ">> reporter: but most tennis fans remember about jimmy connors and what some of us will never forget took place in september of 1991 , the u.s. open . we were riveted that labor day . his 39th birthday. watching an epic nearly five-hour match, connors beat aaron cricksteen, a top ten player 15 years his junior.", "precise_score": 3.0394957065582275, "rough_score": 6.506559371948242, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ..." }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Connors, of course, won the Open on all three surfaces -- hardcourts, clay and grass -- and made a memorable run to the semifinals in 1991 at 39. He captured eight Grand Slam titles and is regarded as one of the fiercest competitors of all time.", "precise_score": 5.197310447692871, "rough_score": 5.38284969329834, "source": "search", "title": "Genie Bouchard hoping Jimmy Connors can revive her career" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Connors won five United States Open titles, and he is the only player to win this Grand Slam event on three different surfaces. He won two Wimbledons and one Australian Open. For five consecutive years in the 1970s, the left-handed dynamo was ranked No. 1 at the end of the year. He is the all-time leader in pro singles titles with 109 and matches won at the U.S. Open (98) and Wimbledon (84).", "precise_score": 8.66456127166748, "rough_score": 8.815179824829102, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Though No. 1 for 263 weeks in the '70s, he didn't win another Wimbledon that decade. Three times he lost in the finals, to Arthur Ashe in 1975 and to Bjorn Borg in 1977 and 1978. The 1977 defeat to Borg was an exceptional match, with Connors rallying from 0-4 in the fifth set to tie before the Swede won the final two games.", "precise_score": 6.295011043548584, "rough_score": 6.648433685302734, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Historians believe that the game's ancient origin lay in 12th century northern France, where a ball was struck with the palm of the hand. Louis X of France was a keen player of jeu de paume (\"game of the palm\"), which evolved into real tennis, and became notable as the first person to construct indoor tennis courts in the modern style. Louis was unhappy with playing tennis outdoors and accordingly had indoor, enclosed courts made in Paris \"around the end of the 13th century\". In due course this design spread across royal palaces all over Europe. In June 1316 at Vincennes, Val-de-Marne and following a particularly exhausting game, Louis drank a large quantity of cooled wine and subsequently died of either pneumonia or pleurisy, although there was also suspicion of poisoning. Because of the contemporary accounts of his death, Louis X is history's first tennis player known by name. Another of the early enthusiasts of the game was King Charles V of France, who had a court set up at the Louvre Palace. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.914408683776855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Further, the patenting of the first lawn mower in 1830, in Britain, is strongly believed to have been the catalyst, world-wide, for the preparation of modern-style grass courts, sporting ovals, playing fields, pitches, greens, etc. This in turn led to the codification of modern rules for many sports, including lawn tennis, most football codes, lawn bowls and others. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.763401985168457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In December 1873, British army officer Major Walter Clopton Wingfield designed and patented a similar game ;– which he called sphairistikè (, meaning \"ball-playing\"), and was soon known simply as \"sticky\" – for the amusement of guests at a garden party on his friend's estate of Nantclwyd Hall, in Llanelidan, Wales. According to R. D. C. Evans, turfgrass agronomist, \"Sports historians all agree that [Wingfield] deserves much of the credit for the development of modern tennis.\" According to Honor Godfrey, museum curator at Wimbledon, Wingfield \"popularized this game enormously. He produced a boxed set which included a net, poles, rackets, balls for playing the game -- and most importantly you had his rules. He was absolutely terrific at marketing and he sent his game all over the world. He had very good connections with the clergy, the law profession, and the aristocracy and he sent thousands of sets out in the first year or so, in 1874.\" The world's oldest tennis tournament, the Wimbledon Championships, were first played in London in 1877.[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/tennis/06/14/tennis.wimbledon.125th.anniversary.museum/index.html \"125 years of Wimbledon: From birth of lawn tennis to modern marvels\"]. CNN. Retrieved 21 September 2011 The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to standardize the rules.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.743001937866211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The Davis Cup, an annual competition between men's national teams, dates to 1900. The analogous competition for women's national teams, the Fed Cup, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the ITF. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.972209930419922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "* The frame of the hitting area may not be more than 29 inches (73.66 cm) in length and 12.5 inches (31.75 cm) in width.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21261978149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The rules regarding rackets have changed over time, as material and engineering advances have been made. For example, the maximum length of the frame had been 32 inches (81.28 cm) until 1997, when it was shortened to 29 inches (73.66 cm). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.936189651489258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Tennis is played on a rectangular, flat surface. The court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long, and 27 feet (8.23 m) wide for singles matches and 36 ft (10.97 m) for doubles matches. Additional clear space around the court is required in order for players to reach overrun balls. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. It is held up by either a metal cable or cord that can be no more than 0.8 cm (1/3 inch). The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.067 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (0.914 m) high in the center. The net posts are 3 feet (0.914 m) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 feet (0.914 m) outside the singles court on each side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.347281455993652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The modern tennis court owes its design to Major Walter Clopton Wingfield who, in 1873, patented a court much the same as the current one for his stické tennis (sphairistike). This template was modified in 1875 to the court design that exists today, with markings similar to Wingfield's version, but with the hourglass shape of his court changed to a rectangle. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.596110343933105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A game consists of a sequence of points played with the same player serving. A game is won by the first player to have won at least four points in total and at least two points more than the opponent. The running score of each game is described in a manner peculiar to tennis: scores from zero to three points are described as \"love\", \"fifteen\", \"thirty\", and \"forty\", respectively. If at least three points have been scored by each player, making the player's scores equal at forty apiece, the score is not called out as \"forty-forty\", but rather as \"deuce\". If at least three points have been scored by each side and a player has one more point than his opponent, the score of the game is \"advantage\" for the player in the lead. During informal games, \"advantage\" can also be called \"ad in\" or \"van in\" when the serving player is ahead, and \"ad out\" or \"van out\" when the receiving player is ahead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.978551864624023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A match consists of a sequence of sets. The outcome is determined through a best of three or five sets system. Recreational players may agree to play any number of sets, depending upon time availability or stamina. On the professional circuit, men play best-of-five-set matches at all four Grand Slam tournaments, Davis Cup, and the final of the Olympic Games and best-of-three-set matches at all other tournaments, while women play best-of-three-set matches at all tournaments. The first player to win two sets in a best-of-three, or three sets in a best-of-five, wins the match. Only in the final sets of matches at the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the Olympic Games, Davis Cup (until 2015), and Fed Cup are tie-breaks not played. In these cases, sets are played indefinitely until one player has a two-game lead, leading to some remarkably long matches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.913458824157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A game point occurs in tennis whenever the player who is in the lead in the game needs only one more point to win the game. The terminology is extended to sets (set point), matches (match point), and even championships (championship point). For example, if the player who is serving has a score of 40-love, the player has a triple game point (triple set point, etc.) as the player has three consecutive chances to win the game. Game points, set points, and match points are not part of official scoring and are not announced by the chair umpire in tournament play.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.858227729797363, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A break point occurs if the receiver, not the server, has a chance to win the game with the next point. Break points are of particular importance because serving is generally considered advantageous, with servers being expected to win games in which they are serving. A receiver who has one (score of 30–40 or advantage), two (score of 15–40) or three (score of love-40) consecutive chances to win the game has break point, double break point or triple break point, respectively. If the receiver does, in fact, win their break point, the game is awarded to the receiver, and the receiver is said to have converted their break point. If the receiver fails to win their break point it is called a failure to convert. Winning break points, and thus the game, is also referred to as breaking serve, as the receiver has disrupted, or broken the natural advantage of the server. If in the following game the previous server also wins a break point it is referred to as breaking back. Except where tie-breaks apply, at least one break of serve is required to win a set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017489433288574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "From 'No advantage'. Scoring method created by Jimmy Van Alen. The first player or doubles team to win four points wins the game, regardless of whether the player or team is ahead by two points. When the game score reaches three points each, the receiver chooses which side of the court (advantage court or deuce court) the service is to be delivered on the seventh and game-deciding point. Utilized by World Team Tennis professional competition, ATP tours, WTA tours, ITF Pro Doubles and ITF Junior Doubles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.369377613067627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Another, however informal, tennis format is called Canadian doubles. This involves three players, with one person playing a doubles team. The single player gets to utilize the alleys normally reserved only for a doubles team. Conversely, the doubles team does not use the alleys when executing a shot. The scoring is the same as a regular game. This format is not sanctioned by any official body.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.744912147521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In some tournaments, line judges who would be calling the serve, were assisted by electronic sensors that beeped to indicate the serve was out. This system was called \"Cyclops\". Cyclops has since largely been replaced by the Hawk-Eye system. In professional tournaments using this system, players are allowed three unsuccessful appeals per set, plus one additional appeal in the tie-break to challenge close line calls by means of an electronic review. The US Open, Miami Masters, US Open Series, and World Team Tennis started using this challenge system in 2006 and the Australian Open and Wimbledon introduced the system in 2007. In clay-court matches, such as at the French Open, a call may be questioned by reference to the mark left by the ball's impact on the court surface.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.797581672668457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "The International Tennis Federation (ITF) conducts a junior tour that allows juniors to establish a world ranking and an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranking. Most juniors who enter the international circuit do so by progressing through ITF, Satellite, Future, and Challenger tournaments before entering the main circuit. The latter three circuits also have adults competing in them. Some juniors, however, such as Australian Lleyton Hewitt and Frenchman Gaël Monfils, have catapulted directly from the junior tour to the ATP tour by dominating the junior scene or by taking advantage of opportunities given to them to participate in professional tournaments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.018386840820312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "For right-handed players, the backhand is a stroke that begins on the left side of their body, continues across their body as contact is made with the ball, and ends on the right side of their body. It can be executed with either one hand or with both and is generally considered more difficult to master than the forehand. For most of the 20th century, the backhand was performed with one hand, using either an eastern or a continental grip. The first notable players to use two hands were the 1930s Australians Vivian McGrath and John Bromwich, but they were lonely exceptions. The two-handed grip gained popularity in the 1970s as Björn Borg, Chris Evert, Jimmy Connors, and later Mats Wilander and Marat Safin used it to great effect, and it is now used by a large number of the world's best players, including Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.215862274169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Two hands give the player more control, while one hand can generate a slice shot, applying backspin on the ball to produce a low trajectory bounce. Reach is also limited with the two-handed shot. The player long considered to have had the best backhand of all time, Don Budge, had a powerful one-handed stroke in the 1930s and 1940s that imparted topspin onto the ball. Ken Rosewall, another player noted for his one-handed backhand, used a very accurate slice backhand through the 1950s and 1960s. A small number of players, notably Monica Seles, use two hands on both the backhand and forehand sides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423868179321289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Most large tournaments seed players, but players may also be matched by their skill level. According to how well a person does in sanctioned play, a player is given a rating that is adjusted periodically to maintain competitive matches. For example, the United States Tennis Association administers the National Tennis Rating Program (NTRP), which rates players between 1.0 and 7.0 in 1/2 point increments. Average club players under this system would rate 3.0–4.5 while world class players would be 7.0 on this scale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.327920913696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Aside from the historical significance of these events, they also carry larger prize funds than any other tour event and are worth double the number of ranking points to the champion than in the next echelon of tournaments, the Masters 1000 (men) and Premier events (women). Another distinguishing feature is the number of players in the singles draw. There are 128, more than any other professional tennis tournament. This draw is composed of 32 seeded players, other players ranked in the world's top 100, qualifiers, and players who receive invitations through wild cards. Grand Slam men's tournaments have best-of-five set matches while the women play best-of-three. Grand Slam tournaments are among the small number of events that last two weeks, the others being the Indian Wells Masters and the Miami Masters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.025694847106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The third and fourth tier of men's tennis tournaments are formed by the ATP World Tour 500 series, consisting of 11 tournaments, and the ATP World Tour 250 series with 40 tournaments. Like the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, these events offer various amounts of prize money and the numbers refer to the amount of ranking points earned by the winner of a tournament. The Dubai Tennis Championships offer the largest financial incentive to players, with total prize money of US$2,313,975 (2012). These series have various draws of 28, 32, 48 and 56 for singles and 16 and 24 for doubles. It is mandatory for leading players to enter at least four 500 events, including at least one after the US Open.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.734124660491943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Below the Challenger Tour are the Futures tournaments, events on the ITF Men's Circuit. These tournaments also contribute towards a player's ATP rankings points. Futures Tournaments offer prize funds of between US$10,000 and US$15,000. Approximately 530 Futures Tournaments are played each year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.184309959411621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "International tournaments are the second main tier of the WTA tour and consist of 31 tournaments, with a prize money for every event at U.S.$220,000, except for the year-ending Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions in Bali, which has prize money of U.S.$600,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.028881072998047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A frequent topic of discussion among tennis fans and commentators is who was the greatest male singles player of all time. By a large margin, an Associated Press poll in 1950 named Bill Tilden as the greatest player of the first half of the 20th century. From 1920 to 1930, Tilden won singles titles at Wimbledon three times and the U.S. Championships seven times. In 1938, however, Donald Budge became the first person to win all four major singles titles during the same calendar year, the Grand Slam, and won six consecutive major titles in 1937 and 1938. Tilden called Budge \"the finest player 365 days a year that ever lived.\" And in his 1979 autobiography, Jack Kramer said that, based on consistent play, Budge was the greatest player ever. Some observers, however, also felt that Kramer deserved consideration for the title. Kramer was among the few who dominated amateur and professional tennis during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Tony Trabert has said that of the players he saw before the start of the open era, Kramer was the best male champion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0784966945648193, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "As with the men there are frequent discussions about who is the greatest female singles player of all time with Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams being the three players most often nominated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.231266975402832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In March 2012 the TennisChannel published a combined list of the 100 greatest men and women tennis players of all time. It ranked Steffi Graf as the greatest female player (in 3rd place overall), followed by Martina Navratilova (4th place) and Margaret Court (8th place). The rankings were determined by an international panel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.956839561462402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "* Confetti (2006) is a mockumentary which sees three couples competing to win the title of \"Most Original Wedding of the Year\". One competing couple (Meredith MacNeill and Stephen Mangan) are a pair of hyper-competitive professional tennis players holding a tennis-themed wedding. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.810184478759766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Tennis" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In 1975, Connors won two highly touted \"Challenge Matches\", both arranged by the Riordan company and televised nationally by CBS Sports from Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada. The first match, in February and billed as $100,000 ($ today) winner-takes-all, was against Laver. Connors won that match, 6–4, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5. In April, Connors met Newcombe in a match billed as a $250,000 winner-takes-all. Connors won the match, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4. Connors ended his business relationship with Riordan later in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.059511732310056686, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "At Wimbledon in 1977, he refused to participate in a parade of former champions to celebrate the tournament's centenary, choosing instead to practice in the grounds with Ilie Nastase while the parade took place. In 2000 he also declined to join a gathering of 58 former champions held to mark the millennium. In his 2013 autobiography Connors blamed his missing the 1977 parade on the All England Club for not letting his doctor onto the grounds so that Connors could try on a customized splint for a thumb injury. Connors explained that this necessitated his rushing to meet the doctor at the entrance to the grounds, and then convincing Nastase to help him try out the splint on a practice court. By Connors’ account, he then rushed to Centre Court for the parade, but was too late. He was booed when he played his first round match the next day. Reaching the final, he lost in five sets to Borg, who a month later was able briefly to interrupt Connors's long hold on the world No. 1 ranking. Connors also irritated sponsors and tennis officials by shunning the end-of-year Masters championship from 1974 through 1976. However, he entered this round-robin competition in 1977 when it moved to New York City. Although Connors lost a celebrated late-night match to Vilas, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, he took the title by defeating Borg in the final, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.767020046710968, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In the 1980 WCT Finals, Connors defeated the defending champion, John McEnroe. McEnroe and Borg were battling for the top spot in those years, while Connors played the role of the spoiler. However, in 1982, at age 29, Connors was back in the Wimbledon singles final, where he faced McEnroe, who by then was established firmly as the world's top player. Connors recovered from being three points away from defeat in a fourth-set tie-break (at 3–4) to win the match, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, and claim his second Wimbledon title, eight years after his first. Although Connors' tour record against McEnroe is 14–20, McEnroe is six years younger than Connors and had a losing record against Connors until he won 12 out of their last 14 meetings. Head to head in major championship finals, they split their two meetings, Connors winning the 1982 Wimbledon and McEnroe winning the 1984 Wimbledon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.567160606384277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "His career seemed to be at an end in 1990, when he played only three tournament matches and lost all three, dropping to no. 936 in the world rankings. However, after surgery on his deteriorating left wrist, he came back to play 14 tournaments in 1991. An ailing back forced him to retire from a five-sets match in the third round of the French Open against Michael Chang, the 1989 champion. Connors walked off the court after hitting a winner against Chang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.227968215942383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "However, this would not be the end of his playing career. As late as June 1995, three months shy of his 43rd birthday Connors beat Sébastien Lareau, 6–4, 7–6, and Martin Sinner, 7–6, 6–0, to progress to the quarterfinals of the Halle event in Germany. Connors lost this quarterfinal, 6–7, 3–6 to Marc Rosset. Connors' last match on the main ATP tour came in April 1996, when he lost, 2–6, 6–3, 1–6, to Richey Reneberg in Atlanta. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.046489715576172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In the modern era of power tennis, Connors style of play has often been cited as highly influential, especially in the development of the flat backhand. Larry Schwartz on ESPN.com said about Connors, \"His biggest weapons were an indomitable spirit, a two-handed backhand and the best service return in the game. It is difficult to say which was more instrumental in Connors becoming a champion. ... Though smaller than most of his competitors, Connors didn't let it bother him, making up for a lack of size with determination.\" Of his own competitive nature Connors has said, \"[T]here's always somebody out there who's willing to push it that extra inch, or mile, and that was me. (Laughter) I didn't care if it took me 30 minutes or five hours. If you beat me, you had to be the best, or the best you had that day. But that was my passion for the game. If I won, I won, and if I lost, well, I didn't take it so well.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.21925035119056702, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "At a time when most other tennis pros played with wooden rackets, Connors pioneered the \"Wilson T2000\" steel racket, which utilized a method for stringing that had been devised and patented by Lacoste in 1953. He played with this chrome tubular steel racket until 1984, when most other pros had shifted to new racket technologies, materials, and designs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1719489097595215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "At the Tokyo Indoor in October 1983 Connors switched to a new mid-size graphite racket, the Wilson ProStaff, that had been designed especially for him and he used it on the 1984 tour. But 1985 again found Connors playing with the T2000. In 1987 he finally switched to a graphite racket when he signed a contract with Slazenger to play their Panther Pro Ceramic. In 1990 Connors signed with Estusa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.951165199279785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In July 2013 former women's world No. 1 Maria Sharapova announced on her website that Connors was her new coach. On August 15, 2013 Sharapova confirmed that she had ended the partnership with Connors after just one match together.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.900745391845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In 2013, Connors published his autobiography The Outsider. It won the British Sports Book Awards in the \"Best Autobiography/Biography\" category.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.898076057434082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors was engaged to fellow tennis pro Chris Evert and together they both triumphed in the singles events at the 1974 Wimbledon Championships; a feat labelled \"The Lovebird Double\" by the media. Their engagement was broken off shortly before the 1975 Wimbledon championship. In May 2013, Connors wrote his autobiography in which he alleged that Chris Evert, a Roman Catholic, was pregnant with their child and she unilaterally made the decision to have it aborted. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3325071334838867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Former Miss World Marjorie Wallace was engaged to Connors in 1977 but in 1979, Connors married Playboy model Patti McGuire. They have two children and live in the Santa Barbara, California area.[http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/lovebird-double-who-ruled-wimbledon–732683.html \"'Lovebird Double' who ruled Wimbledon\"], The Independent, June 19, 2004. Retrieved March 5, 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3664181232452393, "source": "wiki", "title": "Jimmy Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hardcourt tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first contested in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final tennis major comprising the Grand Slam each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open and Wimbledon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.106795310974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "The US Open is the only Grand Slam that employs tiebreakers in every set of a match. For the other three Grand Slam events, if a match goes to the last set (the third for women, fifth for men) and there is a 6–6 tie, the match continues until one player wins by two games (i.e. 8-6, 9-7, 10-8, etc.), while in all four Grand Slam events, the sets played before the last set always employ tiebreakers should a set reach 6-6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.046794414520264, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "From 1921 through 1923, the tournament was played at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia. It returned to Forest Hills in 1924 following the completion of the newly constructed 14,000 seat concrete Forest Hills Stadium. Though regarded unofficially by many as a major championship beforehand, the tournament was officially designated as one of the major tournaments by the ILTF commencing in 1924.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.15441608428955, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The open era began in 1968 when all five events were merged into the US Open, held at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills. The 1968 combined tournament was open to professionals for the first time. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered the event, and prize money totaled $100,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2423837184906006, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreak to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games and is the only major to use a tiebreak in the deciding set; the other three grand slams play out the deciding set until a two-game margin is achieved. From 1970 to 1974 the US Open used a best-of-nine point, sudden death tiebreaker before moving to the ITF best-of-twelve point system.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8177216053009033, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In 1973 the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women with that year's singles champions John Newcombe and Margaret Court both receiving $25,000. Another US Open innovation came in 1975 when floodlights enabled night play for the first time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.678114175796509, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "From 1984 through 2015, the U.S. Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \"Super Saturday\", in which the Women's final was held on Saturday, in between the two Men's semi-finals. The men's final was held the next day, on Sunday. While intended to help build a television audience, this scheduling pattern proved divisive, as the men's and women's semifinals were held on the day prior to their respective finals, thus only giving players less than a day's rest before the final. For five consecutive tournaments between 2007 through 2012, the Men's final had been postponed to Monday due to weather. The USTA decided to intentionally schedule the Men's final on Monday in 2013 and 2014, although this move drew the ire of the ATP for further deviating from the structure of the other Grand Slams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9859695434570312, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In 2006, the US Open introduced instant replay reviews of calls, using the Hawk-Eye computer system sponsored by Chase. According to many experts, the system was implemented due to a highly controversial quarterfinal match at the 2004 US Open between Serena Williams and Jennifer Capriati, where many important line calls went against Williams. Each player is allowed three challenges per set plus one additional challenge during a tiebreak. The player keeps all existing challenges if the challenge is successful. If the challenge is unsuccessful and the original ruling is upheld, the player loses a challenge. Instant replay was initially available only on the stadium courts (Ashe and Armstrong), until 2009 when it became available on the Grandstand as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.770682334899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Once a challenge is made, the official review (a 3-D computer simulation based on multiple high-speed video cameras) is shown to the players, umpires, and audience on the stadium video boards and to the television audience at the same time. During the 2011 US Open, 29.78% of men's challenges and 30.2% of women's challenges were correct. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.265069007873535, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In 2011, Court 17 was opened as a fourth show court, with large television screens and electronic line calling which allows player challenges. Sunken into the ground, it has been nicknamed \"The Pit\". It initially held 2,500 with temporary stands, but will allow over 3,000 fans after its completion in 2012. It is located in the southeast corner of the grounds. Sidecourts 4, 7, and 11 each have a seating capacity of over 1,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.902547836303711, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The total prize money for the 2016 US Open championships is $46,300,000 (in US dollars). The prize money is divided as follows:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831037521362305, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The US Open has made a five-year agreement to increase the total prize money to about $50,000,000 by 2017. As a result, the total base prize money for the 2013 tournament has been increased to $33.6 million which is a record $8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 Emirates Airline US Open Series will also have the opportunity to add $2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than $36 million. In 2014 the total base prize money was $38.3 million. In 2015 the prize money will be raised to $42.3 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.520143508911133, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The growth in prize money awarded to the participants has far outpaced inflation over the past forty years. For example, the singles champions in 1973 earned $25,000, which, in 2015 dollars, would equal approximately $133,000. However, in 2015, the singles champions each earned $3.3 million. In other words, in real dollars, today's champions are paid approximately forty times more than champions were in 1973.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.590737342834473, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "File:Paes WM13-009 (9495560679).jpg|Leander Paes was part of the winning Mixed Doubles team in 2015. It was his eighth Grand Slam Mixed Doubles title and his second Doubles title at the US Open.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.205933094024658, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*Germany: Eurosport 360 HD covers up to five multichannel feeds only available on SKY Germany", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493597030639648, "source": "wiki", "title": "US Open (tennis)" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Rock Center   |  May 10, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4752836227417, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ..." }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Aesha, three years later: ‘I’m a very lucky girl’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339238166809082, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "June 14, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313010215759277, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": ">> reporter: in the book, connors writes how in 1983 he openly cheated on patti . let me just ask you why did you stay?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.517848014831543, "source": "search", "title": "Tennis legend Jimmy Connors reveals all - Latest World, US ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Federer has been a professional tennis player for roughly 14 years. That means he has won around 5.3 tournament titles per year of competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.57000207901001, "source": "search", "title": "Roger Federer: Swiss Legend Will Not Challenge Jimmy ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Federer will be 37 by the time he breaks Connors' record, if he were to stay on his current pace. His age is already discouraging, given his small setback in success, but it will be worse in a year or two.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.338716983795166, "source": "search", "title": "Roger Federer: Swiss Legend Will Not Challenge Jimmy ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "It is tough to believe that Federer will win five titles a year, for seven more years. If he were in his prime, maybe his early 20s, he could possibly do it. However, being 30 years old now greatly diminishes that possibility.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.418268203735352, "source": "search", "title": "Roger Federer: Swiss Legend Will Not Challenge Jimmy ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "It was that rage, he says now, that won him his first major tennis title in the men’s doubles with Ilie Nastase at Wimbledon in 1973. That rage went on to win him eight Grand Slam singles titles, including Wimbledon in 1982, beating John McEnroe in an epic final. That rage, he claims in his new autobiography, The Outsider, won him a record 109 tournaments over the course of his career, propelled him to world Number One for 268 weeks, and allowed him to play at the highest level well into his forties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.522334098815918, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "03 May 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42251968383789, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Despite being nicknamed “the George Best of tennis” – a comparison he feels “is actually a pretty big compliment” – Connors insists he was never much of a party boy. “I could go out but it would catch up with me two or three days later,” he frowns. “I kept all that under control, and sometimes that was hard, but I always knew that it shouldn’t interfere with the tennis. And I wasn’t a ladies’ man. I was the shy, laid-back one but I happened to hang around guys who were pretty good with women.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.135943412780762, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Despite highly publicised relationships with fellow tennis star Chris Evert – to whom he became engaged when he was 21 and she was 19 – former Miss World Marjorie Wallace and Playboy model Patti McGuire, now his wife, and mother of their two adult children, Connors makes it clear in the book that he found it hard to remain faithful. After he’d cheated on McGuire early in their marriage, she began divorce proceedings, but she later forgave Connors and has been with him ever since. “I consider myself lucky to have ended up with just the one woman,” he smiles. “Tennis gave me everything I became but I needed a woman who could handle all that. I’ve been married to Patti for 35 years, and she’s stayed with me through the ups and the downs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.156619548797607, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "“There’s no doubt that you go through a depression when it ends,” he says sadly. “I fought it until I was 40 and then did the senior tour until I was 49, just to keep my hand in. It wasn’t the big stage, but it was still a stage…” He goes on: “There’s no replacing the feeling, no replacing the applause and everything that goes along with that.” And boy did he try, he laughs. “I kept trying to find something that could create a little more excitement – even if it was just three seconds’ worth, but there was nothing. When you can’t sell out places any more, you can’t win Wimbledon or the US Open any more…” He looks down at the hands folded in his lap. “What do you do?”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.957168579101562, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "He plays golf, swims and tries to play a little tennis every day, but after three hip operations “it’s more standing than playing; titanium doesn’t move so well.” I ask whether he feels that he’s mellowed – and he doesn’t like it. “I prefer 'matured’.” Has he still got the rage? “I do,” he smiles. “I control it a little better now, but it’s still there.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.107040405273438, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "'The Outsider: A Memoir’ by Jimmy Connors (Bantam Press, £14.99), is available from Telegraph Books at £12.99, plus £1.35 p&p. Call 0844 871 1514 or visit books.telegraph.co.uk", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.451910495758057, "source": "search", "title": "Jimmy Connors: still angry after all these years - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Tuesday, 11 February, 2003, 23:33 GMT", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.00751781463623, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Tennis | US Open | Golden memories for Connors" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "He took the title five times and is the only player to have won it on three different surfaces - grass, clay and hardcourt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.974218845367432, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Tennis | US Open | Golden memories for Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "US Op 74, 76, 78, 82, 83", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.670536041259766, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Tennis | US Open | Golden memories for Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In 1991, it was the scene of his inspired run to the semi-finals at the age of 39.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.444806098937988, "source": "search", "title": "BBC SPORT | Tennis | US Open | Golden memories for Connors" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Still, his coaching track record isn't exactly stellar. Connors previously coached Andy Roddick for almost two years and then had an ill-fated partnership with Maria Sharapova that lasted just one match in 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.535295009613037, "source": "search", "title": "Genie Bouchard hoping Jimmy Connors can revive her career" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Yet Bouchard earned a much-needed victory on Monday at the Open when she knocked out American Alison Riske, 6-4, 6-3, before a pro-Genie capacity crowd on the intimate Court 17. At least one fan yelled, \"I love you, Genie,\" while others repeatedly snapped her picture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.194889068603516, "source": "search", "title": "Genie Bouchard hoping Jimmy Connors can revive her career" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "After winning the NCAA singles title as a UCLA freshman in 1971, he turned pro the next year and won six tournaments on tour. He won 11 more in 1973, a year that ended with him ranked third in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.856785774230957, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Then in 1974, the 5-foot-10, 155-pounder really began dominating, winning 15 tournaments. More significantly, he won three quarters of the Grand Slam: He won the Australian Open in his first crack down under (he would play this tournament only once more) and then captured Wimbledon and the U.S. Open. In the latter two tournaments, he beat Ken Rosewall in the finals, limiting the aging Australian legend to an astounding six game victories in six sets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1609222888946533, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "It wasn't until 1982 that Connors would win his second title on the Wimbledon grass. Three points from losing to John McEnroe in a fourth-set tiebreaker, Connors came back to win the tie-breaker and then took the fifth set 6-4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1670618057250977, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Overall, though, Connors had a losing record (13-20) against McEnroe, who rose to prominence after Connors peaked. But just as Connors had shining moments against McEnroe, so did he have important triumphs against Borg and Ivan Lendl, two other No. 1 players he had losing records against. Though 7-10 against Borg and 13-22 against Lendl, he beat each twice in the finals of his favorite tournament, the U.S. Open.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.33444178104400635, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "He whipped Borg in four sets, including a breath-taking 11-9 third-set tiebreaker, in the final on the clay of Forest Hills in 1976, and routed the Swede in straight sets on the hard court to take the first tournament at Flushing Meadow in 1978. These victories enabled Connors to become the only player to win the Open on three different surfaces (the 1974 victory came on grass). In 1982 and 1983, Connors won four-set finals against Lendl at Flushing Meadow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.344271421432495, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "But perhaps Connors' finest performance at the U.S. Open was in 1991, when he celebrated his 39th birthday. It certainly was his most popular. By now, an older Connors had toned down his vulgarity, though not his competitive spirit. And the fans were enthralled by the way he gutted out one victory after another against much younger opponents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6341745853424072, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "In 1990, he had played only three matches (0-3) because of a wrist injury and surgery. By the end of the year, his ranking had fallen from 14th to a tie for 936th. By the 1991 Open, he was No. 174 and needed a wild card to get into the tournament. In the first round, he faced McEnroe . but younger brother Patrick this time, not John. Connors trailed two sets and 3-0 in the third set in the evening encounter. But then began the stuff of legends. At 1:35 in the morning, after 4 hours and 18 minutes of play, Connors walked off the court a winner, having taken the fifth set 6-4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7723628282546997, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Next came straight-set victories over Michiel Schapers and 10th-seeded Karel Novacek. On Sept. 2, Connors gave himself a wonderful 39th birthday present. He lost two of the first three sets to Aaron Krickstein before tying the match. Krickstein went ahead 5-2 in the fifth. But with the crowd cheering wildly and Connors pumping his arms after winning shots, he roared back and won in a tiebreaker. The place went crazy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.385580062866211, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Reports said some fans paid scalpers as much as $500 to see his quarterfinal match against Paul Haarhuis. They weren't cheated. From a set and a break down, Connors rallied to win the final three sets as again the crowd shrieked its delight on his winning points. At 39, he was, incredibly, in the final four.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.08557653427124, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors, who won $8,641,040 in official earnings, wound down his playing on tour in 1993. That year, he started his own tour for players 35 and over, and with his will as strong as ever, he has dominated play there as well. On July 11, 1998, he was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7148271799087524, "source": "search", "title": "ESPN.com: Connors conquered with intensity" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Chris Oddo, Special for USA TODAY Sports Published 8:03 a.m. ET May 13, 2013 | Updated 6:08 p.m. ET May 13, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.017315864562988, "source": "search", "title": "Connors has no apologies, for his career or book - USA TODAY" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "As it turns out, the man who won more titles (109) and compiled more wins (1,237) than any other male player in tennis history can also spin an entertaining tale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1284098625183105, "source": "search", "title": "Connors has no apologies, for his career or book - USA TODAY" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Connors would whip the crowd into a frenzy one last time when he reached the U.S. Open semifinals in 1991 at the age of 39, an age when all of his contemporaries had been long retired. Connors remembers those two weeks as the best of his career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.305110216140747, "source": "search", "title": "Connors has no apologies, for his career or book - USA TODAY" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "\"Being able to play that kind of tennis at 39 was pretty spectacular,\" he says. \"I'd spent my whole career trying to get the fans involved like that and to get that kind of a reaction. We always had the tennis fan. But the real sports fan coming in and being a part of what we were doing, that was the best ever.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35058307647705, "source": "search", "title": "Connors has no apologies, for his career or book - USA TODAY" } ]

{ "aliases": [ "Hermione Farthingale", "Ziggy Stardust (persona)", "The Berlin Trilogy", "Berlin Trilogy", "Bowiesque", "David Bowie", "David bowie filmography", "Davie Jones and the King Bees", "Bowiean", "David bowie", "Tao Jones Index", "Bowie, David", "The Konrads", "Davie Jones with the King Bees", "David Bowie's", "David Bowi", "Davis bowie", "The Manish Boys", "David Robert Hayward-Jones", "Ziggy stardust (persona)", "The King of Glitter Rock", "David Hayward-Jones", "The Lower Third", "Davy Jones and the Lower Third" ], "normalized_aliases": [ "tao jones index", "bowie david", "konrads", "davis bowie", "king of glitter rock", "david robert hayward jones", "berlin trilogy", "david bowi", "davy jones and lower third", "david bowie filmography", "davie jones and king bees", "ziggy stardust persona", "bowiesque", "manish boys", "david hayward jones", "hermione farthingale", "david bowie s", "david bowie", "bowiean", "davie jones with king bees", "lower third" ], "matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_matched_wiki_entity_name": "", "normalized_value": "david bowie", "type": "WikipediaEntity", "value": "David Bowie" }

[ { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman Mohamed Abdulmajid (, ; born 25 July 1955 ), mononymously known as Iman (\"faith\" in Arabic), is a Somali fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the field of ethnic cosmetics, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician David Bowie, whom she married in 1992. ", "precise_score": 6.680221080780029, "rough_score": 4.625100612640381, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iman (model)" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "An occasional actress, Iman first featured in the 1979 British film The Human Factor, and appeared in the 1985 Oscar-winning film Out of Africa alongside Robert Redford and Meryl Streep. She then portrayed Nina Beka in the 1987 thriller No Way Out with Kevin Costner, Hedy in the Michael Caine comedy Surrender the same year. During her maiden year in Hollywood in 1991, Iman worked on several successive film productions. Among these was the Tim Hunter-directed Lies of the Twins and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, where she played a shapeshifting alien. Iman also dabbled in some comedic roles, appearing in The Linguini Incident the same year opposite her then fiancé David Bowie. Additionally, she had smaller parts in the 1991 comedy House Party 2 and the 1994 comedy/romance film Exit to Eden. ", "precise_score": 3.685011148452759, "rough_score": 1.5071089267730713, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iman (model)" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman made a cameo alongside her husband David Bowie in the 1999 Windows 9.x and Dreamcast 3D adventure game, Omikron: The Nomad Soul. It was developed by the video game company, Quantic Dream. In the game, she appears as one of the numerous Omikronian citizens the player can \"reincarnate\" into. ", "precise_score": 0.2551161050796509, "rough_score": -2.2228522300720215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iman (model)" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "On 24 April 1992, Iman married English rock musician David Bowie in a private ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland. The wedding was later solemnized on 6 June in Florence, Italy. They have one daughter, Alexandria Zahra Jones, born 15 August 2000. Iman is also stepmother to Bowie's son from a previous marriage, Duncan Jones. Both children bear Bowie's legal surname. Iman and her family resided primarily in Manhattan and London. When Bowie died on 10 January 2016, making her a widow, she wrote in tribute to him that \"the struggle is real, but so is God.\" ", "precise_score": 7.79615592956543, "rough_score": 4.407697677612305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iman (model)" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie has been into a lot of things during his long career, from Ziggy Stardust, to Mick Jagger , to a 20-year marriage to model Iman . And now, we find out that Bowie was into, quite literally, the mother of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash . This little bit of rock'n'roll trivia came out when slash was in Australia talking to Triple M , the big rock station down under. He said his mother Ola Hudson was a popular costume designer back in the day, doing the likes of John Lennon , Ringo Starr , Diana Ross and David Bowie.", "precise_score": 2.705094814300537, "rough_score": 3.4640772342681885, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "British rock star David Bowie and Somali-born model Iman exchanged religious vows Saturday in a church in Florence, Italy.Guests at the service in San Giacomo Church included Yoko Ono, Bianca Jagger and society hair stylist Thierry Mugler.Bowie, 45, and his bride, 36, went through a civil ceremony in Lausanne, Switzerland, in April.Bowie was divorced from his first wife in 1980. Iman, one of the world's highest-paid models, was married for eight years to basketball star Spencer Haywood.She and multimillionaire Bowie each have a child from previous marriages.", "precise_score": 5.260155200958252, "rough_score": 6.377803802490234, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "British rock star David Bowie and his girlfriend, Somali-born supermodel Iman, were married at a secret ceremony in Switzerland, London newspapers said today.They said Bowie, 46, whose first marriage ended in divorce in 1980, and the 36-year-old model tied the knot April 24 in Lausanne, where Bowie has a home.The bride wore sunglasses, a white pants suit and a black top and carried a bouquet of white flowers. The groom wore a black suit and tie with a white rose in his lapel.Iman, who can command thousands of dollars for a day's work, was married for eight years to American basketball star Spencer Haywood.", "precise_score": 5.8173418045043945, "rough_score": 5.711749076843262, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Like great actresses of the silent screen, models are often at their most powerful when they remain mute objects of fantasy. The person below the surface is rarely as interesting. But iconic Iman, who left modeling 12 years ago, upsets that common notion. Known today as a savvy cosmetics entrepreneur, wife of David Bowie, relatively new mother (she and Bowie had a daughter in August 2000) and a Muslim, Iman shows the potential for storytelling from a model's perspective in her first book, I Am Iman (Universe Publishing, 2001, $45)", "precise_score": 1.1852707862854004, "rough_score": -2.0333797931671143, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Like great actresses of the silent screen, models are often at their most powerful when they remain mute objects of fantasy. The person below the surface is rarely as interesting. But iconic Iman, who left modeling 12 years ago, upsets that common notion. Known today as a savvy cosmetics entrepreneur, wife of David Bowie, relatively new mother (she and Bowie had a daughter in August 2000) and a Muslim, Iman shows the potential for storytelling from a model's perspective in her first book, I Am Iman (Universe Publishing, 2001, $45)", "precise_score": 1.1852707862854004, "rough_score": -2.0333797931671143, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman is a retired supermodel from the country of Somalia. She was married to late rocker David Bowie.", "precise_score": 4.969430923461914, "rough_score": 1.8537596464157104, "source": "search", "title": "Iman - Model - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman was born on July 25, 1955, in Mogadishu, Somalia. A student at the University of Nairobi, she was discovered by photographer Peter Beard. Through the 1970s and 1980s, Iman was a favorite model in Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. Fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent devoted the \"African Queen\" collection to her. Since retiring from modeling, Iman has done charity work in Somalia, started a cosmetics line and married rocker David Bowie.", "precise_score": 3.1941676139831543, "rough_score": 3.1382110118865967, "source": "search", "title": "Iman - Model - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "One of the most sought-after fashion models of the 1970s and 1980s, Iman became a successful business executive in the 1990s with her own line of cosmetics. Married to rock star David Bowie since 1992, she became a mother for the second time at the age of 44 in the summer of 2000, but it was just one of many boundaries the enigmatic entrepreneur and social activist has broken in her lifetime. \"She broadened the definition of beauty,\" declared Washington Post writer Robin Givhan of Iman's stunning, exotic looks. \"She made earthiness sensual. She helped to transform fashion into entertainment and models into personalities.\"", "precise_score": 7.197525978088379, "rough_score": 7.012357234954834, "source": "search", "title": "Iman - Model - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "On August 15, 2000, Iman and her husband David Bowie became parents to a daughter they named Alexandria Zahra, who was born in a New York City hospital. Parenthood was something they had discussed publicly since the time of their marriage, and in the 1994 Interview piece, Bowie had even asked his wife what kind of grandmother she would prove to be in her old age. He wondered will \"the future Granny Iman sit with needlepoint and canvas in her rocking chair, within the confines of an Italianate atrium, or is she an outgoing Chanel-type figure?\" Iman laughed and replied, \"It's definitely needlepoint and rocking chair. Probably with two dogs and little kids by my side. Definitely! ... And the husband, of course.\"", "precise_score": 0.8938371539115906, "rough_score": -2.8396964073181152, "source": "search", "title": "Iman - Model - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie was married to international model Iman, seen here Annual CFDA Awards at New York Public Library in 2002, for more than 20 years. and during 21st Annual CFDA Awards at NY Public Library in New York City, New York, United States. Photo by Ron Galella/WireImage", "precise_score": 4.228835582733154, "rough_score": 4.903332710266113, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman and David Bowie married in 1992 after knowing each other for two years. The pop star died of cancer on Jan. 10 in New York. He was 62 years old.", "precise_score": 8.925651550292969, "rough_score": 8.68964958190918, "source": "search", "title": "Iman spills simple secret to Bowie marriage - UPI.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie and his wife, supermodel Iman smile as they pose for photos after Bowie received a star on the world famous Walk of Fame 12 February in Hollywood, 1997", "precise_score": 1.7230241298675537, "rough_score": 1.2465604543685913, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Pop star David Bowie and his super model wife Iman pose for photographies during a visit to Cape Town in February 1995. (Photo: Reuters)", "precise_score": 6.04476261138916, "rough_score": 8.042938232421875, "source": "search", "title": "In Pics: Remembering Legendary Artist David Bowie - The Quint" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Slash caught his mom naked with David Bowie when he was 8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304556846618652, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman.Her name immediately conjures up multiple images:- The Somalian ''shepherdess'' discovered by photographer Peter Beard in Africa two decades ago who went on to become the supermodel to end all supermodels, dominating the runways of Paris, Milan and New York for 14 years.- The exotic beauty who married rock icon David Bowie twice - first in a civil ceremony, later in a religious one.- The actress whose roles have included a cross-dressing killer on Miami Vice and a silent servant in Out of Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.902074098587036, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman.Her name immediately conjures up multiple images:- The Somalian ''shepherdess'' discovered by photographer Peter Beard in Africa two decades ago who went on to become the supermodel to end all supermodels, dominating the runways of Paris, Milan and New York for 14 years.- The exotic beauty who married rock icon David Bowie twice - first in a civil ceremony, later in a religious one.- The actress whose roles have included a cross-dressing killer on Miami Vice and a silent servant in Out of Africa.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.902074098587036, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Iman - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS NewsHour", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357735633850098, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290719032287598, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Musician David Bowie performs onstage during his “Ziggy Stardust” era in 1973 in Los Angeles. The legendary music man died after an 18-month battle with cancer. He was 69. Photo by Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.424084663391113, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie, legendary pop singer-songwriter, died at the age of 69, following a months-long battle with cancer, a rep confirmed Monday to The Hollywood Reporter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.788751602172852, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "“David Bowie died peacefully today surrounded by his family after a courageous 18-month battle with cancer,” read a statement posted to the Bowie’s official Facebook page . “While many of you will share in this loss, we ask that you respect the family’s privacy during their time of grief.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377082824707031, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Floral tributes are left beneath a mural of David Bowie, painted by Australian street artist James Cochran, aka Jimmy C, following the announcement of the singer’s death at age 69. Photo by Chris Ratcliffe/AFP/Getty Images", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303766250610352, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "MORE: Listen to KEXP’s David Bowie Day broadcast", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44135570526123, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Although the newly established David Bowie persona still played folk songs, the work started to turn to extraterrestrial heights, beginning with 1969 single “Space Oddity.” When asked by his mother what he wanted to be when he grew up, Bowie was quoted as saying : “Mum, I want to be an Artist, even a Star.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.453444480895996, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie, the man who fell to earth, dies at 69 | PBS ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "WASHINGTON, April 22 (UPI) -- Former supermodel Iman and widow of late musician David Bowie revealed a secret to their lasting marriage in an interview conducted before his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4279561042785645, "source": "search", "title": "Iman spills simple secret to Bowie marriage - UPI.com" }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie 'Starman' Biography: 9 Juiciest Bits - The Daily Beast", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996922492980957, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie 'Starman' Biography: 9 Juiciest Bits - The ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "In Bowie’s later years, around the time when his behavior was most outrageous, the pop star had a favorite saying: “Everyone finds empathy in a nutty family.” Bowie painted his mother as a repressed, eccentric woman who caused him to rebel as a kid. But, according to David Bowie: Starman , Bowie was described by his teachers as a bright, charming young thing with good manners—the kind of boy every mother would be proud of. There was one indelible incident during Bowie’s adolescence that would forever change his clean-cut image. When his closest friend and bandmate, George Underwood, was about to go out with a girl Bowie secretly fancied, he sabotaged the rendezvous, planning to move in on her himself. The boys got into a heated fight, and Underwood threw an impulsive punch, accidentally scratching Bowie’s eyeball. The injury left his pupil permanently dilated, making that eye appear to be a different color than the other.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.35755729675293, "source": "search", "title": "David Bowie 'Starman' Biography: 9 Juiciest Bits - The ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after David Bowie's death - TheCelebrityauction.co", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56403636932373, "source": "search", "title": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after David Bowie’s death", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.866556167602539, "source": "search", "title": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman Abdulmajid has shared a meaningful Instagram quote as she continues to mourn her husband David Bowie one month on from his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3234992027282715, "source": "search", "title": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Mourning: Iman Abdulmajid has shared a meaningful Instagram quote on Wednesday as she continues to mourn her husband David Bowie one month on from his death", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.043859004974365, "source": "search", "title": "Iman shares Rune Lazuli quote on Instagram a month after ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a relationship with somebody like him’ | The Independent", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.737699508666992, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a relationship with somebody like him’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.756648063659668, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "While it may have been love at first sight for David Bowie when he met his now wife, the philanthropist and former model Iman wasn’t convinced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1371829509735107, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "“But as I always said: I fell in love with David Jones. I did not fall in love with David Bowie. Bowie is just a persona. He's a singer, an entertainer. David Jones is a man I met.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.010102272033691, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie: Life in pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317093849182129, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie: Life in pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317093849182129, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "Davy Jones; life before David Bowie", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.132318496704102, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie 'In Mime' at the Middle Earth Club, London, 1968", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.197601318359375, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie performing his final concert as Ziggy Stardust at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, 1973", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.435932159423828, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie in 1973", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.749571800231934, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie, with his wife Angela (Angie) and his son Zowie, after receiving an award for his latest record \"Ziggy stardust\" in Amsterdam, 1974", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.94211196899414, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie in the 1970s", "precise_score": 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"title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie performs at the Panathinaikos stadium in Athens during a rock festival, 1996", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.9779634475708, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie getting ready to perform 'Earthling' at the Phoenix Music Festival in 1997", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179844856262207, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie on stage performing during the Tibet House Benefit Concert in New York City, 2001", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.216206550598145, "source": "search", "title": "Iman on David Bowie: ‘I didn't want to get into a ..." }, { "answer": "David Bowie", "passage": "David Bowie Meltdown concert at the Royal Festival Hall, 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